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z3/src/math/polysat/ule_constraint.cpp

249 lines
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C++

/*++
Copyright (c) 2021 Microsoft Corporation
Module Name:
polysat unsigned <= constraints
Author:
Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2021-03-19
Jakob Rath 2021-04-6
Notes:
Canonical representation of equation p == 0 is the constraint p <= 0.
The alternatives p < 1, -1 <= q, q > -2 are eliminated.
Rewrite rules to simplify expressions.
In the following let k, k1, k2 be values.
- k1 <= k2 ==> 0 <= 0 if k1 <= k2
- k1 <= k2 ==> 1 <= 0 if k1 > k2
- 0 <= p ==> 0 <= 0
- p <= 0 ==> 1 <= 0 if p is never zero due to parity
- p <= -1 ==> 0 <= 0
- k <= p ==> p - k <= - k - 1
- k*2^n*p <= 0 ==> 2^n*p <= 0 if k is odd, leading coeffient is always a power of 2.
Note: the rules will rewrite alternative formulations of equations:
- -1 <= p ==> p + 1 <= 0
- 1 <= p ==> p - 1 <= -2
Rewrite rules on signed constraints:
- p > -2 ==> p + 1 <= 0
- p <= -2 ==> p + 1 > 0
At this point, all equations are in canonical form.
TODO: clause simplifications:
- p + k <= p ==> p + k <= k & p != 0 for k != 0
- p*q = 0 ==> p = 0 or q = 0 applies to any factoring
- 2*p <= 2*q ==> (p >= 2^n-1 & q < 2^n-1) or (p >= 2^n-1 = q >= 2^n-1 & p <= q)
==> (p >= 2^n-1 => q < 2^n-1 or p <= q) &
(p < 2^n-1 => p <= q) &
(p < 2^n-1 => q < 2^n-1)
- 3*p <= 3*q ==> ?
Note:
case p <= p + k is already covered because we test (lhs - rhs).is_val()
It can be seen as an instance of lemma 5.2 of Supratik and John.
--*/
#include "math/polysat/constraint.h"
#include "math/polysat/solver.h"
#include "math/polysat/log.h"
namespace {
using namespace polysat;
// Simplify lhs <= rhs
void simplify_impl(bool& is_positive, pdd& lhs, pdd& rhs) {
// 0 <= p --> 0 <= 0
if (lhs.is_zero()) {
rhs = 0;
return;
}
// p <= -1 --> 0 <= 0
if (rhs.is_max()) {
lhs = 0, rhs = 0;
return;
}
// p <= p --> 0 <= 0
if (lhs == rhs) {
lhs = 0, rhs = 0;
return;
}
// Evaluate constants
if (lhs.is_val() && rhs.is_val()) {
if (lhs.val() <= rhs.val())
lhs = 0, rhs = 0;
else
lhs = 1, rhs = 0;
return;
}
// k <= p --> p - k <= - k - 1
if (lhs.is_val()) {
pdd k = lhs;
lhs = rhs - k;
rhs = - k - 1;
}
// p > -2 --> p + 1 <= 0
// p <= -2 --> p + 1 > 0
if (rhs.is_val() && (rhs + 2).is_zero()) {
lhs = lhs + 1;
rhs = 0;
is_positive = !is_positive;
}
// 2p + 1 <= 0 --> 1 <= 0
if (rhs.is_zero() && lhs.is_never_zero()) {
lhs = 1;
return;
}
// a*p + q <= 0 --> p + a^-1*q <= 0 for a odd
if (rhs.is_zero() && !lhs.leading_coefficient().is_power_of_two()) {
rational lc = lhs.leading_coefficient();
rational x, y;
gcd(lc, lhs.manager().two_to_N(), x, y);
if (x.is_neg())
x = mod(x, lhs.manager().two_to_N());
lhs *= x;
SASSERT(lhs.leading_coefficient().is_power_of_two());
}
} // simplify_impl
}
namespace polysat {
ule_constraint::ule_constraint(constraint_manager& m, pdd const& l, pdd const& r) :
constraint(m, ckind_t::ule_t), m_lhs(l), m_rhs(r) {
m_vars.append(m_lhs.free_vars());
for (auto v : m_rhs.free_vars())
if (!m_vars.contains(v))
m_vars.push_back(v);
}
void ule_constraint::simplify(bool& is_positive, pdd& lhs, pdd& rhs) {
#ifndef NDEBUG
bool const old_is_positive = is_positive;
pdd const old_lhs = lhs;
pdd const old_rhs = rhs;
#endif
simplify_impl(is_positive, lhs, rhs);
#ifndef NDEBUG
if (old_is_positive != is_positive || old_lhs != lhs || old_rhs != rhs) {
ule_pp const old_ule(to_lbool(old_is_positive), old_lhs, old_rhs);
ule_pp const new_ule(to_lbool(is_positive), lhs, rhs);
LOG("Simplify: " << old_ule << " --> " << new_ule);
}
#endif
}
std::ostream& ule_constraint::display(std::ostream& out, lbool status, pdd const& lhs, pdd const& rhs) {
out << lhs;
if (rhs.is_zero() && status == l_true) out << " == ";
else if (rhs.is_zero() && status == l_false) out << " != ";
else if (status == l_true) out << " <= ";
else if (status == l_false) out << " > ";
else out << " <=/> ";
return out << rhs;
}
std::ostream& ule_constraint::display(std::ostream& out, lbool status) const {
return display(out, status, m_lhs, m_rhs);
}
std::ostream& ule_constraint::display(std::ostream& out) const {
return out << m_lhs << (is_eq() ? " == " : " <= ") << m_rhs;
}
void ule_constraint::narrow(solver& s, bool is_positive, bool first) {
auto p = s.subst(lhs());
auto q = s.subst(rhs());
signed_constraint sc(this, is_positive);
LOG_H3("Narrowing " << sc);
LOG_V("Assignment: " << assignments_pp(s));
LOG_V("Substituted LHS: " << lhs() << " := " << p);
LOG_V("Substituted RHS: " << rhs() << " := " << q);
if (is_always_false(is_positive, p, q)) {
s.set_conflict(sc);
return;
}
if (p.is_val() && q.is_val()) {
SASSERT(!is_positive || p.val() <= q.val());
SASSERT(is_positive || p.val() > q.val());
return;
}
s.m_viable.intersect(p, q, sc);
}
bool ule_constraint::is_always_false(bool is_positive, pdd const& lhs, pdd const& rhs) {
// NOTE: don't assume simplifications here because we also call this on partially substituted constraints
if (is_positive) {
// lhs <= rhs
if (rhs.is_zero())
return lhs.is_never_zero(); // p <= 0 implies p == 0
return lhs.is_val() && rhs.is_val() && lhs.val() > rhs.val();
}
else {
// lhs > rhs
if (lhs.is_zero())
return true; // 0 > ... is always false
if (lhs == rhs)
return true; // p > p
if (rhs.is_max())
return true; // p > -1
if (lhs.is_one() && rhs.is_never_zero())
return true; // 1 > p implies p == 0
return lhs.is_val() && rhs.is_val() && lhs.val() <= rhs.val();
}
}
bool ule_constraint::is_always_false(bool is_positive) const {
return is_always_false(is_positive, lhs(), rhs());
}
bool ule_constraint::is_currently_false(solver& s, bool is_positive) const {
auto p = s.subst(lhs());
auto q = s.subst(rhs());
return is_always_false(is_positive, p, q);
}
bool ule_constraint::is_currently_false(solver& s, assignment_t const& sub, bool is_positive) const {
auto p = s.subst(sub, lhs());
auto q = s.subst(sub, rhs());
return is_always_false(is_positive, p, q);
}
inequality ule_constraint::as_inequality(bool is_positive) const {
if (is_positive)
return inequality(lhs(), rhs(), false, this);
else
return inequality(rhs(), lhs(), true, this);
}
unsigned ule_constraint::hash() const {
return mk_mix(lhs().hash(), rhs().hash(), kind());
}
bool ule_constraint::operator==(constraint const& other) const {
return other.is_ule() && lhs() == other.to_ule().lhs() && rhs() == other.to_ule().rhs();
}
void ule_constraint::add_to_univariate_solver(solver& s, univariate_solver& us, unsigned dep, bool is_positive) const {
auto p_coeff = s.subst(lhs()).get_univariate_coefficients();
auto q_coeff = s.subst(rhs()).get_univariate_coefficients();
us.add_ule(p_coeff, q_coeff, !is_positive, dep);
}
}