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z3/src/qe/qe_arith.cpp
Nikolaj Bjorner 044e08a114 adding unit tests for qe_arith/mbo 
Signed-off-by: Nikolaj Bjorner <nbjorner@microsoft.com>
2016-05-04 11:17:09 -07:00

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/*++
Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation
Module Name:
qe_arith.cpp
Abstract:
Simple projection function for real arithmetic based on Loos-W.
Author:
Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-09-12
Revision History:
--*/
#include "qe_arith.h"
#include "qe_mbp.h"
#include "ast_util.h"
#include "arith_decl_plugin.h"
#include "ast_pp.h"
#include "th_rewriter.h"
#include "expr_functors.h"
#include "model_v2_pp.h"
#include "expr_safe_replace.h"
#include "model_based_opt.h"
namespace qe {
bool is_divides(arith_util& a, expr* e1, expr* e2, rational& k, expr_ref& p) {
expr* t1, *t2;
if (a.is_mod(e2, t1, t2) &&
a.is_numeral(e1, k) &&
k.is_zero() &&
a.is_numeral(t2, k)) {
p = t1;
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool is_divides(arith_util& a, expr* e, rational& k, expr_ref& t) {
expr* e1, *e2;
if (!a.get_manager().is_eq(e, e1, e2)) {
return false;
}
return is_divides(a, e1, e2, k, t) || is_divides(a, e2, e1, k, t);
}
struct arith_project_plugin::imp {
ast_manager& m;
arith_util a;
th_rewriter m_rw;
expr_ref_vector m_ineq_terms;
vector<rational> m_ineq_coeffs;
svector<opt::ineq_type> m_ineq_types;
expr_ref_vector m_div_terms;
vector<rational> m_div_divisors, m_div_coeffs;
expr_ref_vector m_new_lits;
rational m_delta, m_u;
scoped_ptr<contains_app> m_var;
unsigned m_num_pos, m_num_neg;
bool m_pos_is_unit, m_neg_is_unit;
sort* var_sort() const { return m.get_sort(m_var->x()); }
bool is_int() const { return a.is_int(m_var->x()); }
void display(std::ostream& out) const {
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_ineqs(); ++i) {
display_ineq(out, i);
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_divs(); ++i) {
display_div(out, i);
}
}
void insert_mul(expr* x, rational const& v, obj_map<expr, rational>& ts) {
rational w;
if (ts.find(x, w)) {
ts.insert(x, w + v);
}
else {
TRACE("qe", tout << "Adding variable " << mk_pp(x, m) << "\n";);
ts.insert(x, v);
}
}
//
// extract linear inequalities from literal 'lit' into the model-based optimization manager 'mbo'.
// It uses the current model to choose values for conditionals and it primes mbo with the current
// interpretation of sub-expressions that are treated as variables for mbo.
//
void linearize(opt::model_based_opt& mbo, model& model, expr* lit, obj_map<expr, unsigned>& tids) {
obj_map<expr, rational> ts;
rational c(0), mul(1);
expr_ref t(m);
opt::ineq_type ty = opt::t_le;
expr* e1, *e2;
bool is_not = m.is_not(lit, lit);
if (is_not) {
mul.neg();
}
SASSERT(!m.is_not(lit));
if (a.is_le(lit, e1, e2) || a.is_ge(lit, e2, e1)) {
if (is_not) mul.neg();
linearize(mbo, model, mul, e1, c, ts, tids);
linearize(mbo, model, -mul, e2, c, ts, tids);
ty = is_not ? opt::t_lt : opt::t_le;
}
else if (a.is_lt(lit, e1, e2) || a.is_gt(lit, e2, e1)) {
if (is_not) mul.neg();
linearize(mbo, model, mul, e1, c, ts, tids);
linearize(mbo, model, -mul, e2, c, ts, tids);
ty = is_not ? opt::t_le: opt::t_lt;
}
else if (m.is_eq(lit, e1, e2) && !is_not && is_arith(e1)) {
linearize(mbo, model, mul, e1, c, ts, tids);
linearize(mbo, model, -mul, e2, c, ts, tids);
ty = opt::t_eq;
}
else if (m.is_distinct(lit) && !is_not && is_arith(to_app(lit)->get_arg(0))) {
UNREACHABLE();
}
else if (m.is_distinct(lit) && is_not && is_arith(to_app(lit)->get_arg(0))) {
UNREACHABLE();
}
else if (m.is_eq(lit, e1, e2) && is_not && is_arith(e1)) {
UNREACHABLE();
}
else {
TRACE("qe", tout << "Skipping " << mk_pp(lit, m) << "\n";);
return;
}
#if 0
TBD for integers
if (ty == opt::t_lt && false) {
c += rational(1);
ty = opt::t_le;
}
#endif
vars coeffs;
extract_coefficients(mbo, model, ts, tids, coeffs);
mbo.add_constraint(coeffs, c, ty);
}
//
// convert linear arithmetic term into an inequality for mbo.
//
void linearize(opt::model_based_opt& mbo, model& model, rational const& mul, expr* t, rational& c,
obj_map<expr, rational>& ts, obj_map<expr, unsigned>& tids) {
expr* t1, *t2, *t3;
rational mul1;
expr_ref val(m);
if (a.is_mul(t, t1, t2) && is_numeral(model, t1, mul1)) {
linearize(mbo, model, mul* mul1, t2, c, ts, tids);
}
else if (a.is_mul(t, t1, t2) && is_numeral(model, t2, mul1)) {
linearize(mbo, model, mul* mul1, t1, c, ts, tids);
}
else if (a.is_add(t)) {
app* ap = to_app(t);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < ap->get_num_args(); ++i) {
linearize(mbo, model, mul, ap->get_arg(i), c, ts, tids);
}
}
else if (a.is_sub(t, t1, t2)) {
linearize(mbo, model, mul, t1, c, ts, tids);
linearize(mbo, model, -mul, t2, c, ts, tids);
}
else if (a.is_uminus(t, t1)) {
linearize(mbo, model, -mul, t1, c, ts, tids);
}
else if (a.is_numeral(t, mul1)) {
c += mul*mul1;
}
else if (m.is_ite(t, t1, t2, t3)) {
VERIFY(model.eval(t1, val));
SASSERT(m.is_true(val) || m.is_false(val));
TRACE("qe", tout << mk_pp(t1, m) << " := " << val << "\n";);
if (m.is_true(val)) {
linearize(mbo, model, mul, t2, c, ts, tids);
linearize(mbo, model, t1, tids);
}
else {
expr_ref not_t1(mk_not(m, t1), m);
linearize(mbo, model, mul, t3, c, ts, tids);
linearize(mbo, model, not_t1, tids);
}
}
else {
insert_mul(t, mul, ts);
}
}
//
// extract linear terms from t into c and ts.
//
void is_linear(model& model, rational const& mul, expr* t, rational& c, expr_ref_vector& ts) {
expr* t1, *t2, *t3;
rational mul1;
expr_ref val(m);
if (t == m_var->x()) {
c += mul;
}
else if (a.is_mul(t, t1, t2) && is_numeral(model, t1, mul1)) {
is_linear(model, mul* mul1, t2, c, ts);
}
else if (a.is_mul(t, t1, t2) && is_numeral(model, t2, mul1)) {
is_linear(model, mul* mul1, t1, c, ts);
}
else if (a.is_add(t)) {
app* ap = to_app(t);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < ap->get_num_args(); ++i) {
is_linear(model, mul, ap->get_arg(i), c, ts);
}
}
else if (a.is_sub(t, t1, t2)) {
is_linear(model, mul, t1, c, ts);
is_linear(model, -mul, t2, c, ts);
}
else if (a.is_uminus(t, t1)) {
is_linear(model, -mul, t1, c, ts);
}
else if (a.is_numeral(t, mul1)) {
ts.push_back(mk_num(mul*mul1));
}
else if (extract_mod(model, t, val)) {
ts.push_back(mk_mul(mul, val));
}
else if (m.is_ite(t, t1, t2, t3)) {
VERIFY(model.eval(t1, val));
SASSERT(m.is_true(val) || m.is_false(val));
TRACE("qe", tout << mk_pp(t1, m) << " := " << val << "\n";);
if (m.is_true(val)) {
is_linear(model, mul, t2, c, ts);
}
else {
is_linear(model, mul, t3, c, ts);
}
}
else if ((*m_var)(t)) {
TRACE("qe", tout << "can't project:" << mk_pp(t, m) << "\n";);
throw cant_project();
}
else {
ts.push_back(mk_mul(mul, t));
}
}
//
// extract linear inequalities from literal lit.
//
bool is_linear(model& model, expr* lit, bool& found_eq) {
rational c(0), mul(1);
expr_ref t(m);
opt::ineq_type ty = opt::t_le;
expr* e1, *e2;
expr_ref_vector ts(m);
bool is_not = m.is_not(lit, lit);
if (is_not) {
mul.neg();
}
SASSERT(!m.is_not(lit));
if (a.is_le(lit, e1, e2) || a.is_ge(lit, e2, e1)) {
is_linear(model, mul, e1, c, ts);
is_linear(model, -mul, e2, c, ts);
ty = is_not? opt::t_lt : opt::t_le;
}
else if (a.is_lt(lit, e1, e2) || a.is_gt(lit, e2, e1)) {
is_linear(model, mul, e1, c, ts);
is_linear(model, -mul, e2, c, ts);
ty = is_not? opt::t_le: opt::t_lt;
}
else if (m.is_eq(lit, e1, e2) && !is_not && is_arith(e1)) {
is_linear(model, mul, e1, c, ts);
is_linear(model, -mul, e2, c, ts);
ty = opt::t_eq;
}
else if (m.is_distinct(lit) && !is_not && is_arith(to_app(lit)->get_arg(0))) {
expr_ref val(m);
rational r;
app* alit = to_app(lit);
vector<std::pair<expr*,rational> > nums;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < alit->get_num_args(); ++i) {
VERIFY(model.eval(alit->get_arg(i), val) && a.is_numeral(val, r));
nums.push_back(std::make_pair(alit->get_arg(i), r));
}
std::sort(nums.begin(), nums.end(), compare_second());
for (unsigned i = 0; i + 1 < nums.size(); ++i) {
SASSERT(nums[i].second < nums[i+1].second);
c.reset();
ts.reset();
is_linear(model, mul, nums[i+1].first, c, ts);
is_linear(model, -mul, nums[i].first, c, ts);
t = add(ts);
accumulate_linear(model, c, t, opt::t_lt);
}
t = mk_num(0);
c.reset();
return true;
}
else if (m.is_distinct(lit) && is_not && is_arith(to_app(lit)->get_arg(0))) {
expr_ref eq = project_plugin::pick_equality(m, model, to_app(lit)->get_arg(0));
return is_linear(model, eq, found_eq);
}
else if (m.is_eq(lit, e1, e2) && is_not && is_arith(e1)) {
expr_ref val1(m), val2(m);
rational r1, r2;
VERIFY(model.eval(e1, val1) && a.is_numeral(val1, r1));
VERIFY(model.eval(e2, val2) && a.is_numeral(val2, r2));
SASSERT(r1 != r2);
if (r1 < r2) {
std::swap(e1, e2);
}
ty = opt::t_lt;
is_linear(model, mul, e1, c, ts);
is_linear(model, -mul, e2, c, ts);
}
else {
TRACE("qe", tout << "can't project:" << mk_pp(lit, m) << "\n";);
throw cant_project();
}
if (ty == opt::t_lt && is_int()) {
ts.push_back(mk_num(1));
ty = opt::t_le;
}
t = add(ts);
if (ty == opt::t_eq && c.is_neg()) {
t = mk_uminus(t);
c.neg();
}
if (ty == opt::t_eq && c > rational(1)) {
m_ineq_coeffs.push_back(-c);
m_ineq_terms.push_back(mk_uminus(t));
m_ineq_types.push_back(opt::t_le);
m_num_neg++;
ty = opt::t_le;
}
accumulate_linear(model, c, t, ty);
found_eq = !c.is_zero() && ty == opt::t_eq;
return true;
}
bool is_numeral(model& model, expr* t, rational& r) {
expr* t1, *t2, *t3;
rational r1, r2;
expr_ref val(m);
if (a.is_numeral(t, r)) return true;
if (a.is_uminus(t, t1) && is_numeral(model, t1, r)) {
r.neg();
return true;
}
else if (a.is_mul(t, t1, t2) && is_numeral(model, t1, r1) && is_numeral(model, t2, r2)) {
r = r1*r2;
return true;
}
else if (a.is_add(t)) {
app* ap = to_app(t);
r = rational(1);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < ap->get_num_args(); ++i) {
if (!is_numeral(model, ap->get_arg(i), r1)) return false;
r *= r1;
}
return true;
}
else if (m.is_ite(t, t1, t2, t3)) {
VERIFY (model.eval(t1, val));
if (m.is_true(val)) {
return is_numeral(model, t1, r);
}
else {
return is_numeral(model, t2, r);
}
}
else if (a.is_sub(t, t1, t2) && is_numeral(model, t1, r1) && is_numeral(model, t2, r2)) {
r = r1 - r2;
return true;
}
return false;
}
struct compare_second {
bool operator()(std::pair<expr*, rational> const& a,
std::pair<expr*, rational> const& b) const {
return a.second < b.second;
}
};
void accumulate_linear(model& model, rational const& c, expr_ref& t, opt::ineq_type ty) {
if (c.is_zero()) {
switch (ty) {
case opt::t_eq:
t = a.mk_eq(t, mk_num(0));
break;
case opt::t_lt:
t = a.mk_lt(t, mk_num(0));
break;
case opt::t_le:
t = a.mk_le(t, mk_num(0));
break;
}
add_lit(model, m_new_lits, t);
}
else {
m_ineq_coeffs.push_back(c);
m_ineq_terms.push_back(t);
m_ineq_types.push_back(ty);
if (ty == opt::t_eq) {
// skip
}
else if (c.is_pos()) {
++m_num_pos;
m_pos_is_unit &= c.is_one();
}
else {
++m_num_neg;
m_neg_is_unit &= c.is_minus_one();
}
}
}
bool is_arith(expr* e) {
return a.is_int(e) || a.is_real(e);
}
expr_ref add(expr_ref_vector const& ts) {
switch (ts.size()) {
case 0:
return mk_num(0);
case 1:
return expr_ref(ts[0], m);
default:
return expr_ref(a.mk_add(ts.size(), ts.c_ptr()), m);
}
}
// e is of the form (ax + t) mod k
bool is_mod(model& model, expr* e, rational& k, expr_ref& t, rational& c) {
expr* t1, *t2;
expr_ref_vector ts(m);
if (a.is_mod(e, t1, t2) &&
a.is_numeral(t2, k) &&
(*m_var)(t1)) {
c.reset();
rational mul(1);
is_linear(model, mul, t1, c, ts);
t = add(ts);
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool extract_mod(model& model, expr* e, expr_ref& val) {
rational c, k;
expr_ref t(m);
if (is_mod(model, e, k, t, c)) {
VERIFY (model.eval(e, val));
SASSERT (a.is_numeral(val));
TRACE("qe", tout << "extract: " << mk_pp(e, m) << " evals: " << val << " c: " << c << " t: " << t << "\n";);
if (!c.is_zero()) {
t = mk_sub(t, val);
m_div_terms.push_back(t);
m_div_divisors.push_back(k);
m_div_coeffs.push_back(c);
}
else {
t = m.mk_eq(a.mk_mod(t, mk_num(k)), val);
add_lit(model, m_new_lits, t);
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool lit_is_true(model& model, expr* e) {
expr_ref val(m);
VERIFY(model.eval(e, val));
CTRACE("qe", !m.is_true(val), tout << "eval: " << mk_pp(e, m) << " " << val << "\n";);
return m.is_true(val);
}
expr_ref mk_num(unsigned n) {
rational r(n);
return mk_num(r);
}
expr_ref mk_num(rational const& r) const {
return expr_ref(a.mk_numeral(r, var_sort()), m);
}
expr_ref mk_divides(rational const& k, expr* t) {
return expr_ref(m.mk_eq(a.mk_mod(t, mk_num(abs(k))), mk_num(0)), m);
}
void reset() {
reset_ineqs();
reset_divs();
m_delta = rational(1);
m_u = rational(0);
m_new_lits.reset();
}
void reset_divs() {
m_div_terms.reset();
m_div_coeffs.reset();
m_div_divisors.reset();
}
void reset_ineqs() {
m_ineq_terms.reset();
m_ineq_coeffs.reset();
m_ineq_types.reset();
}
expr* ineq_term(unsigned i) const { return m_ineq_terms[i]; }
rational const& ineq_coeff(unsigned i) const { return m_ineq_coeffs[i]; }
opt::ineq_type ineq_ty(unsigned i) const { return m_ineq_types[i]; }
app_ref mk_ineq_pred(unsigned i) {
app_ref result(m);
result = to_app(mk_add(mk_mul(ineq_coeff(i), m_var->x()), ineq_term(i)));
switch (ineq_ty(i)) {
case opt::t_lt:
result = a.mk_lt(result, mk_num(0));
break;
case opt::t_le:
result = a.mk_le(result, mk_num(0));
break;
case opt::t_eq:
result = m.mk_eq(result, mk_num(0));
break;
}
return result;
}
void display_ineq(std::ostream& out, unsigned i) const {
out << mk_pp(ineq_term(i), m) << " " << ineq_coeff(i) << "*" << mk_pp(m_var->x(), m);
switch (ineq_ty(i)) {
case opt::t_eq: out << " = 0\n"; break;
case opt::t_le: out << " <= 0\n"; break;
case opt::t_lt: out << " < 0\n"; break;
}
}
unsigned num_ineqs() const { return m_ineq_terms.size(); }
expr* div_term(unsigned i) const { return m_div_terms[i]; }
rational const& div_coeff(unsigned i) const { return m_div_coeffs[i]; }
rational const& div_divisor(unsigned i) const { return m_div_divisors[i]; }
void display_div(std::ostream& out, unsigned i) const {
out << div_divisor(i) << " | ( " << mk_pp(div_term(i), m) << " " << div_coeff(i) << "*"
<< mk_pp(m_var->x(), m) << ")\n";
}
unsigned num_divs() const { return m_div_terms.size(); }
void project(model& model, expr_ref_vector& lits) {
TRACE("qe",
tout << "project: " << mk_pp(m_var->x(), m) << "\n";
tout << lits;
model_v2_pp(tout, model); );
m_num_pos = 0; m_num_neg = 0;
m_pos_is_unit = true; m_neg_is_unit = true;
unsigned eq_index = 0;
reset();
bool found_eq = false;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < lits.size(); ++i) {
bool found_eq0 = false;
expr* e = lits[i].get();
if (!(*m_var)(e)) {
m_new_lits.push_back(e);
}
else if (!is_linear(model, e, found_eq0)) {
TRACE("qe", tout << "can't project:" << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";);
throw cant_project();
}
if (found_eq0 && !found_eq) {
found_eq = true;
eq_index = num_ineqs()-1;
}
}
TRACE("qe", display(tout << mk_pp(m_var->x(), m) << ":\n");
tout << "found eq: " << found_eq << " @ " << eq_index << "\n";
tout << "num pos: " << m_num_pos << " num neg: " << m_num_neg << " num divs " << num_divs() << "\n";
);
lits.reset();
lits.append(m_new_lits);
if (found_eq) {
apply_equality(model, eq_index, lits);
return;
}
if (num_divs() == 0 && (m_num_pos == 0 || m_num_neg == 0)) {
return;
}
if (num_divs() > 0) {
apply_divides(model, lits);
TRACE("qe", display(tout << "after division " << mk_pp(m_var->x(), m) << "\n"););
}
if (m_num_pos == 0 || m_num_neg == 0) {
return;
}
if ((m_num_pos <= 2 || m_num_neg <= 2) &&
(m_num_pos == 1 || m_num_neg == 1 || (m_num_pos <= 3 && m_num_neg <= 3)) &&
(!is_int() || m_pos_is_unit || m_neg_is_unit)) {
unsigned index1 = num_ineqs();
unsigned index2 = num_ineqs();
bool is_pos = m_num_pos <= m_num_neg;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_ineqs(); ++i) {
if (ineq_coeff(i).is_pos() == is_pos) {
if (index1 == num_ineqs()) {
index1 = i;
}
else {
SASSERT(index2 == num_ineqs());
index2 = i;
}
}
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_ineqs(); ++i) {
if (ineq_coeff(i).is_pos() != is_pos) {
SASSERT(index1 != num_ineqs());
mk_lt(model, lits, i, index1);
if (index2 != num_ineqs()) {
mk_lt(model, lits, i, index2);
}
}
}
}
else {
expr_ref t(m);
bool use_pos = m_num_pos < m_num_neg;
unsigned max_t = find_max(model, use_pos);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_ineqs(); ++i) {
if (i != max_t) {
if (ineq_coeff(i).is_pos() == use_pos) {
t = mk_le(i, max_t);
add_lit(model, lits, t);
}
else {
mk_lt(model, lits, i, max_t);
}
}
}
}
TRACE("qe", tout << lits;);
}
unsigned find_max(model& mdl, bool do_pos) {
unsigned result;
bool new_max = true;
rational max_r, r;
expr_ref val(m);
bool is_int = a.is_int(m_var->x());
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_ineqs(); ++i) {
rational const& ac = m_ineq_coeffs[i];
SASSERT(!is_int || opt::t_le == ineq_ty(i));
//
// ac*x + t < 0
// ac > 0: x + max { t/ac | ac > 0 } < 0 <=> x < - max { t/ac | ac > 0 }
// ac < 0: x + t/ac > 0 <=> x > max { - t/ac | ac < 0 } = max { t/|ac| | ac < 0 }
//
if (ac.is_pos() == do_pos) {
VERIFY(mdl.eval(ineq_term(i), val));
VERIFY(a.is_numeral(val, r));
r /= abs(ac);
new_max =
new_max ||
(r > max_r) ||
(r == max_r && opt::t_lt == ineq_ty(i)) ||
(r == max_r && is_int && ac.is_one());
TRACE("qe", tout << "max: " << mk_pp(ineq_term(i), m) << "/" << abs(ac) << " := " << r << " "
<< (new_max?"":"not ") << "new max\n";);
if (new_max) {
result = i;
max_r = r;
}
new_max = false;
}
}
SASSERT(!new_max);
return result;
}
// ax + t <= 0
// bx + s <= 0
// a and b have different signs.
// Infer: a|b|x + |b|t + |a|bx + |a|s <= 0
// e.g. |b|t + |a|s <= 0
void mk_lt(model& model, expr_ref_vector& lits, unsigned i, unsigned j) {
rational const& ac = ineq_coeff(i);
rational const& bc = ineq_coeff(j);
SASSERT(ac.is_pos() != bc.is_pos());
SASSERT(ac.is_neg() != bc.is_neg());
TRACE("qe", display_ineq(tout, i); display_ineq(tout, j););
if (is_int() && !abs(ac).is_one() && !abs(bc).is_one()) {
return mk_int_lt(model, lits, i, j);
}
expr* t = ineq_term(i);
expr* s = ineq_term(j);
expr_ref bt = mk_mul(abs(bc), t);
expr_ref as = mk_mul(abs(ac), s);
expr_ref ts = mk_add(bt, as);
expr_ref z = mk_num(0);
expr_ref fml(m);
if (opt::t_lt == ineq_ty(i) || opt::t_lt == ineq_ty(j)) {
fml = a.mk_lt(ts, z);
}
else {
fml = a.mk_le(ts, z);
}
add_lit(model, lits, fml);
}
void mk_int_lt(model& model, expr_ref_vector& lits, unsigned i, unsigned j) {
TRACE("qe", display_ineq(tout, i); display_ineq(tout, j););
expr* t = ineq_term(i);
expr* s = ineq_term(j);
rational ac = ineq_coeff(i);
rational bc = ineq_coeff(j);
expr_ref tmp(m);
SASSERT(opt::t_le == ineq_ty(i) && opt::t_le == ineq_ty(j));
SASSERT(ac.is_pos() == bc.is_neg());
rational abs_a = abs(ac);
rational abs_b = abs(bc);
expr_ref as(mk_mul(abs_a, s), m);
expr_ref bt(mk_mul(abs_b, t), m);
rational slack = (abs_a - rational(1))*(abs_b-rational(1));
rational sval, tval;
VERIFY (model.eval(ineq_term(i), tmp) && a.is_numeral(tmp, tval));
VERIFY (model.eval(ineq_term(j), tmp) && a.is_numeral(tmp, sval));
bool use_case1 = ac*sval + bc*tval + slack <= rational(0);
if (use_case1) {
expr_ref_vector ts(m);
ts.push_back(as);
ts.push_back(bt);
ts.push_back(mk_num(-slack));
tmp = a.mk_le(add(ts), mk_num(0));
add_lit(model, lits, tmp);
return;
}
if (abs_a < abs_b) {
std::swap(abs_a, abs_b);
std::swap(ac, bc);
std::swap(s, t);
std::swap(as, bt);
std::swap(sval, tval);
}
SASSERT(abs_a >= abs_b);
// create finite disjunction for |b|.
// exists x, z in [0 .. |b|-2] . b*x + s + z = 0 && ax + t <= 0 && bx + s <= 0
// <=>
// exists x, z in [0 .. |b|-2] . b*x = -z - s && ax + t <= 0 && bx + s <= 0
// <=>
// exists x, z in [0 .. |b|-2] . b*x = -z - s && a|b|x + |b|t <= 0 && bx + s <= 0
// <=>
// exists x, z in [0 .. |b|-2] . b*x = -z - s && a|b|x + |b|t <= 0 && -z - s + s <= 0
// <=>
// exists x, z in [0 .. |b|-2] . b*x = -z - s && a|b|x + |b|t <= 0 && -z <= 0
// <=>
// exists x, z in [0 .. |b|-2] . b*x = -z - s && a|b|x + |b|t <= 0
// <=>
// exists x, z in [0 .. |b|-2] . b*x = -z - s && a*n_sign(b)(s + z) + |b|t <= 0
// <=>
// exists z in [0 .. |b|-2] . |b| | (z + s) && a*n_sign(b)(s + z) + |b|t <= 0
//
rational z = mod(sval, abs_b);
if (!z.is_zero()) z = abs_b - z;
expr_ref s_plus_z(mk_add(z, s), m);
tmp = mk_divides(abs_b, s_plus_z);
add_lit(model, lits, tmp);
tmp = a.mk_le(mk_add(mk_mul(ac*n_sign(bc), s_plus_z),
mk_mul(abs_b, t)), mk_num(0));
add_lit(model, lits, tmp);
}
rational n_sign(rational const& b) {
return rational(b.is_pos()?-1:1);
}
// ax + t <= 0
// bx + s <= 0
// a and b have same signs.
// encode:
// t/|a| <= s/|b|
// e.g. |b|t <= |a|s
expr_ref mk_le(unsigned i, unsigned j) {
rational const& ac = ineq_coeff(i);
rational const& bc = ineq_coeff(j);
SASSERT(ac.is_pos() == bc.is_pos());
SASSERT(ac.is_neg() == bc.is_neg());
expr* t = ineq_term(i);
expr* s = ineq_term(j);
expr_ref bt = mk_mul(abs(bc), t);
expr_ref as = mk_mul(abs(ac), s);
if (opt::t_lt == ineq_ty(i) && opt::t_le == ineq_ty(j)) {
return expr_ref(a.mk_lt(bt, as), m);
}
else {
return expr_ref(a.mk_le(bt, as), m);
}
}
expr_ref mk_add(expr* t1, expr* t2) {
rational r;
if (a.is_numeral(t1, r) && r.is_zero()) return expr_ref(t2, m);
if (a.is_numeral(t2, r) && r.is_zero()) return expr_ref(t1, m);
return expr_ref(a.mk_add(t1, t2), m);
}
expr_ref mk_add(rational const& r, expr* e) {
if (r.is_zero()) return expr_ref(e, m);
return mk_add(mk_num(r), e);
}
expr_ref mk_mul(rational const& r, expr* t) {
if (r.is_one()) return expr_ref(t, m);
return expr_ref(a.mk_mul(mk_num(r), t), m);
}
expr_ref mk_sub(expr* t1, expr* t2) {
rational r1, r2;
if (a.is_numeral(t2, r2) && r2.is_zero()) return expr_ref(t1, m);
if (a.is_numeral(t1, r1) && a.is_numeral(t2, r2)) return mk_num(r1 - r2);
return expr_ref(a.mk_sub(t1, t2), m);
}
expr_ref mk_uminus(expr* t) {
rational r;
if (a.is_numeral(t, r)) {
return mk_num(-r);
}
return expr_ref(a.mk_uminus(t), m);
}
void add_lit(model& model, expr_ref_vector& lits, expr* e) {
expr_ref orig(e, m), result(m);
m_rw(orig, result);
TRACE("qe", tout << mk_pp(orig, m) << " -> " << result << "\n";);
SASSERT(lit_is_true(model, orig));
SASSERT(lit_is_true(model, result));
if (!m.is_true(result)) {
lits.push_back(result);
}
}
// 3x + t = 0 & 7 | (c*x + s) & ax <= u
// 3 | -t & 21 | (-ct + 3s) & a-t <= 3u
void apply_equality(model& model, unsigned eq_index, expr_ref_vector& lits) {
rational c = ineq_coeff(eq_index);
expr* t = ineq_term(eq_index);
SASSERT(c.is_pos());
if (is_int()) {
add_lit(model, lits, mk_divides(c, ineq_term(eq_index)));
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_divs(); ++i) {
add_lit(model, lits, mk_divides(c*div_divisor(i),
mk_sub(mk_mul(c, div_term(i)), mk_mul(div_coeff(i), t))));
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_ineqs(); ++i) {
if (eq_index != i) {
expr_ref lhs(m), val(m);
lhs = mk_sub(mk_mul(c, ineq_term(i)), mk_mul(ineq_coeff(i), t));
switch (ineq_ty(i)) {
case opt::t_lt: lhs = a.mk_lt(lhs, mk_num(0)); break;
case opt::t_le: lhs = a.mk_le(lhs, mk_num(0)); break;
case opt::t_eq: lhs = m.mk_eq(lhs, mk_num(0)); break;
}
TRACE("qe", tout << lhs << "\n";);
SASSERT (model.eval(lhs, val) && m.is_true(val));
add_lit(model, lits, lhs);
}
}
}
//
// compute D and u.
//
// D = lcm(d1, d2)
// u = eval(x) mod D
//
// d1 | (a1x + t1) & d2 | (a2x + t2)
// =
// D | (D/d1)(a1x + t1) & D | (D/d2)(a2x + t2)
// =
// D | D1(a1*u + t1) & D | D2(a2*u + t2) & x = D*x' + u & 0 <= u < D
// =
// D | D1(a1*u + t1) & D | D2(a2*u + t2) & x = D*x' + u & 0 <= u < D
//
// x := D*x' + u
//
void apply_divides(model& model, expr_ref_vector& lits) {
SASSERT(m_delta.is_one());
unsigned n = num_divs();
if (n == 0) {
return;
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
m_delta = lcm(m_delta, div_divisor(i));
}
expr_ref val(m);
rational r;
VERIFY (model.eval(m_var->x(), val) && a.is_numeral(val, r));
m_u = mod(r, m_delta);
SASSERT(m_u < m_delta && rational(0) <= m_u);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
add_lit(model, lits, mk_divides(div_divisor(i),
mk_add(mk_num(div_coeff(i) * m_u), div_term(i))));
}
reset_divs();
//
// update inequalities such that u is added to t and
// D is multiplied to coefficient of x.
// the interpretation of the new version of x is (x-u)/D
//
// a*x + t <= 0
// a*(D*x' + u) + t <= 0
// a*D*x' + a*u + t <= 0
for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_ineqs(); ++i) {
if (!m_u.is_zero()) {
m_ineq_terms[i] = a.mk_add(ineq_term(i), mk_num(m_ineq_coeffs[i]*m_u));
}
m_ineq_coeffs[i] *= m_delta;
}
r = (r - m_u) / m_delta;
SASSERT(r.is_int());
val = a.mk_numeral(r, true);
model.register_decl(m_var->x()->get_decl(), val);
TRACE("qe", model_v2_pp(tout, model););
}
imp(ast_manager& m):
m(m), a(m), m_rw(m), m_ineq_terms(m), m_div_terms(m), m_new_lits(m) {
params_ref params;
params.set_bool("gcd_rouding", true);
m_rw.updt_params(params);
}
~imp() {
}
bool solve(model& model, app_ref_vector& vars, expr_ref_vector& lits) {
return false;
}
bool operator()(model& model, app* v, app_ref_vector& vars, expr_ref_vector& lits) {
SASSERT(a.is_real(v) || a.is_int(v));
m_var = alloc(contains_app, m, v);
try {
project(model, lits);
}
catch (cant_project) {
TRACE("qe", tout << "can't project:" << mk_pp(v, m) << "\n";);
return false;
}
return true;
}
typedef opt::model_based_opt::var var;
typedef vector<var> vars;
opt::inf_eps maximize(expr_ref_vector const& fmls, model& mdl, app* t, expr_ref& bound) {
SASSERT(a.is_real(t));
opt::model_based_opt mbo;
opt::inf_eps value;
obj_map<expr, rational> ts;
obj_map<expr, unsigned> tids;
// extract objective function.
vars coeffs;
rational c(0), mul(1);
linearize(mbo, mdl, mul, t, c, ts, tids);
extract_coefficients(mbo, mdl, ts, tids, coeffs);
mbo.set_objective(coeffs, c);
// extract linear constraints
for (unsigned i = 0; i < fmls.size(); ++i) {
linearize(mbo, mdl, fmls[i], tids);
}
// find optimal value
value = mbo.maximize();
expr_ref val(a.mk_numeral(value.get_rational(), false), m);
if (!value.is_finite()) {
bound = m.mk_false();
return value;
}
// update model to use new values that satisfy optimality
ptr_vector<expr> vars;
obj_map<expr, unsigned>::iterator it = tids.begin(), end = tids.end();
for (; it != end; ++it) {
expr* e = it->m_key;
if (is_uninterp_const(e)) {
unsigned id = it->m_value;
func_decl* f = to_app(e)->get_decl();
expr_ref val(a.mk_numeral(mbo.get_value(id), false), m);
mdl.register_decl(f, val);
}
else {
TRACE("qe", tout << "omitting model update for non-uninterpreted constant " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";);
}
}
// update the predicate 'bound' which forces larger values.
if (value.get_infinitesimal().is_neg()) {
bound = a.mk_le(val, t);
}
else {
bound = a.mk_lt(val, t);
}
return value;
}
void extract_coefficients(opt::model_based_opt& mbo, model& model, obj_map<expr, rational> const& ts, obj_map<expr, unsigned>& tids, vars& coeffs) {
coeffs.reset();
obj_map<expr, rational>::iterator it = ts.begin(), end = ts.end();
for (; it != end; ++it) {
unsigned id;
if (!tids.find(it->m_key, id)) {
rational r;
expr_ref val(m);
if (model.eval(it->m_key, val) && a.is_numeral(val, r)) {
id = mbo.add_var(r);
}
else {
TRACE("qe", tout << "extraction of coefficients cancelled\n";);
return;
}
tids.insert(it->m_key, id);
}
coeffs.push_back(var(id, it->m_value));
}
}
};
arith_project_plugin::arith_project_plugin(ast_manager& m) {
m_imp = alloc(imp, m);
}
arith_project_plugin::~arith_project_plugin() {
dealloc(m_imp);
}
bool arith_project_plugin::operator()(model& model, app* var, app_ref_vector& vars, expr_ref_vector& lits) {
return (*m_imp)(model, var, vars, lits);
}
bool arith_project_plugin::solve(model& model, app_ref_vector& vars, expr_ref_vector& lits) {
return m_imp->solve(model, vars, lits);
}
family_id arith_project_plugin::get_family_id() {
return m_imp->a.get_family_id();
}
opt::inf_eps arith_project_plugin::maximize(expr_ref_vector const& fmls, model& mdl, app* t, expr_ref& bound) {
return m_imp->maximize(fmls, mdl, t, bound);
}
bool arith_project(model& model, app* var, expr_ref_vector& lits) {
ast_manager& m = lits.get_manager();
arith_project_plugin ap(m);
app_ref_vector vars(m);
return ap(model, var, vars, lits);
}
}
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