Merge branch 'opt' of https://git01.codeplex.com/z3 into opt

.gitignore

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ ocamlz3
 # Emacs temp files
 \#*\#
 # Directories with generated code and documentation
+release/*
 build/*
 build-dist/*
 dist/*

RELEASE_NOTES

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 RELEASE NOTES
 
+Version 4.3.3
+=============
+
+- Fixed bug in floating point models
+
 Version 4.3.2
 =============
 

examples/c++/example.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ void demorgan() {
     // adding the negation of the conjecture as a constraint.
     s.add(!conjecture);
     std::cout << s << "\n";
+    std::cout << s.to_smt2() << "\n";
     switch (s.check()) {
     case unsat:   std::cout << "de-Morgan is valid\n"; break;
     case sat:     std::cout << "de-Morgan is not valid\n"; break;
@@ -974,6 +975,30 @@ void substitute_example() {
     std::cout << new_f << std::endl;
 }
 
+void opt_example() {
+    context c;
+    optimize opt(c);
+    params p(c);
+    p.set("priority",c.str_symbol("pareto"));
+    opt.set(p);
+    expr x = c.int_const("x");
+    expr y = c.int_const("y");
+    opt.add(10 >= x && x >= 0);
+    opt.add(10 >= y && y >= 0);
+    opt.add(x + y <= 11);
+    optimize::handle h1 = opt.maximize(x);
+    optimize::handle h2 = opt.maximize(y);
+    check_result r = sat;
+    while (true) {
+        if (sat == opt.check()) {
+            std::cout << x << ": " << opt.lower(h1) << " " << y << ": " << opt.lower(h2) << "\n";
+        }
+        else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 int main() {
     try {
         demorgan(); std::cout << "\n";
@@ -1012,6 +1037,7 @@ int main() {
         expr_vector_example(); std::cout << "\n";
         exists_expr_vector_example(); std::cout << "\n";
         substitute_example(); std::cout << "\n";
+        opt_example(); std::cout << "\n";
         std::cout << "done\n";
     }
     catch (exception & ex) {

examples/dotnet/Program.cs

@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ namespace test_mapi
             foreach (BoolExpr a in g.Formulas)
                 solver.Assert(a);
 
-            if (solver.Check() != Status.SATISFIABLE)
+            if (solver.Check() != Status.SATISFIABLE) 
                 throw new TestFailedException();
 
             ApplyResult ar = ApplyTactic(ctx, ctx.MkTactic("simplify"), g);

examples/msf/README

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+In order to use Z3 MSF plugin, follow the following steps:
+1. Compile latest Z3 .NET API (from any branch consisting of opt features) and copy 'libz3.dll' and 'Microsoft.Z3.dll' to the folder of 'Z3MSFPlugin.sln'.
+2. Retrieve 'Microsoft.Solver.Foundation.dll' from http://archive.msdn.microsoft.com/solverfoundation/Release/ProjectReleases.aspx?ReleaseId=1799,
+   preferably using DLL only version. Copy 'Microsoft.Solver.Foundation.dll' to the folder of 'Z3MSFPlugin.sln'
+3. Build 'Z3MSFPlugin.sln'. Note that you have to compile using x86 target for Microsoft.Z3.dll 32-bit and x64 target for Microsoft.Z3.dll 64-bit.
+
+The solution consists of a plugin project, a test project with a few simple test cases and a command line projects for external OML, MPS and SMPS models.
+To retrieve SMT2 models which are native to Z3, set the logging file in corresponding directives or solver params e.g.
+
+   var p = new Z3MILPParams();
+   p.SMT2LogFile = "model.smt2";
+
+For more details, check out the commands in 'Validator\Program.cs'.
+
+Enjoy!
+
+
+ 
+ 
+   

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests/App.config

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<configuration>
+  <configSections>
+    <section name="MsfConfig" 
+             type="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.MsfConfigSection, Microsoft.Solver.Foundation" 
+             allowLocation="true" 
+             allowDefinition="Everywhere" 
+             allowExeDefinition="MachineToApplication" 
+             restartOnExternalChanges="true" 
+             requirePermission="true"/>
+  </configSections>
+  <MsfConfig>
+    <MsfPluginSolvers>      
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 MILP Solver" 
+                       capability="MILP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 MILP Solver" 
+                       capability="LP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPParams"/>
+      
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver" 
+                       capability="MILP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver" 
+                       capability="LP"                        
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="MINLP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="NLP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+    </MsfPluginSolvers>
+  </MsfConfig>
+<startup>
+  <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/>
+</startup>
+</configuration>

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following 
+// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
+// associated with an assembly.
+[assembly: AssemblyTitle("SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests")]
+[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCompany("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyProduct("SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright ©  2013")]
+[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
+
+// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible 
+// to COM components.  If you need to access a type in this assembly from 
+// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
+[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
+
+// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
+[assembly: Guid("27657eee-ca7b-4996-a905-86a3f4584988")]
+
+// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
+//
+//      Major Version
+//      Minor Version 
+//      Build Number
+//      Revision
+//
+// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers 
+// by using the '*' as shown below:
+// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
+[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
+[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests/ServiceTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Common;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Solvers;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class ServiceTests
+    {
+        [TestInitialize]
+        public void SetUp()
+        {
+            SolverContext context = SolverContext.GetContext();
+            context.ClearModel();
+        }
+
+        private void TestService1(Directive directive)
+        {
+            SolverContext context = SolverContext.GetContext();
+            Model model = context.CreateModel();
+
+            Decision x1 = new Decision(Domain.RealRange(0, 2), "x1");
+            Decision x2 = new Decision(Domain.RealRange(0, 2), "x2");
+
+            Decision z = new Decision(Domain.IntegerRange(0, 1), "z");
+
+            model.AddDecisions(x1, x2, z);
+
+            model.AddConstraint("Row0", x1 - z <= 1);
+            model.AddConstraint("Row1", x2 + z <= 2);
+
+            Goal goal = model.AddGoal("Goal0", GoalKind.Maximize, x1 + x2);
+
+            Solution solution = context.Solve(directive);
+            Assert.IsTrue(goal.ToInt32() == 3);
+            context.ClearModel();
+        }
+
+        private void TestService2(Directive directive)
+        {
+            SolverContext context = SolverContext.GetContext();
+            Model model = context.CreateModel();
+
+            Decision x1 = new Decision(Domain.RealNonnegative, "x1");
+            Decision x2 = new Decision(Domain.RealNonnegative, "x2");
+
+            Decision z = new Decision(Domain.IntegerRange(0, 1), "z");
+
+            Rational M = 100;
+            
+            model.AddDecisions(x1, x2, z);
+
+            model.AddConstraint("Row0", x1 + x2 >= 1);
+            model.AddConstraint("Row1", x1 - z * 100 <= 0);
+            model.AddConstraint("Row2", x2 + z * 100 <= 100);
+
+            Goal goal = model.AddGoal("Goal0", GoalKind.Maximize, x1 + x2);
+
+            Solution solution = context.Solve(directive);
+            Assert.IsTrue(goal.ToInt32() == 100);
+            context.ClearModel();
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestService1()
+        {
+            TestService1(new Z3MILPDirective());
+            TestService1(new Z3TermDirective());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestService2()
+        {
+            TestService2(new Z3MILPDirective());
+            TestService2(new Z3TermDirective());
+        }
+
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
+    <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
+    <ProjectGuid>{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}</ProjectGuid>
+    <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+    <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+    <RootNamespace>Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests</RootNamespace>
+    <AssemblyName>SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests</AssemblyName>
+    <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+    <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+    <TargetFrameworkProfile />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Solver.Foundation">
+      <HintPath>..\Microsoft.Solver.Foundation.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.QualityTools.UnitTestFramework, Version=10.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL" />
+    <Reference Include="System" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Core" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" />
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Data" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="ServiceTests.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="SolverTests.cs" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="App.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3\SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.csproj">
+      <Project>{7340e664-f648-4ff7-89b2-f4da424996d3}</Project>
+      <Name>SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3</Name>
+    </ProjectReference>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
+  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
+       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
+  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+  </Target>
+  -->
+</Project>

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests/SolverTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Common;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Solvers;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class SolverTests
+    {
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestMILPSolver1()
+        {
+            var solver = new Z3MILPSolver();
+            int goal;
+
+            solver.AddRow("goal", out goal);
+            int x1, x2, z;
+
+            // 0 <= x1 <= 2
+            solver.AddVariable("x1", out x1);
+            solver.SetBounds(x1, 0, 2);
+
+            // 0 <= x2 <= 2
+            solver.AddVariable("x2", out x2);
+            solver.SetBounds(x2, 0, 2);
+
+            // z is an integer in [0,1]
+            solver.AddVariable("z", out z);
+            solver.SetIntegrality(z, true);
+            solver.SetBounds(z, 0, 1);
+
+            //max x1 + x2 
+            solver.SetCoefficient(goal, x1, 1);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(goal, x2, 1);
+            solver.AddGoal(goal, 1, false);
+
+            // 0 <= x1 -z <= 1 
+            int row1;
+            solver.AddRow("rowI1", out row1);
+            solver.SetBounds(row1, 0, 1);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row1, x1, 1);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row1, z, -1);
+
+            // 0 <= x2 + z <= 2
+            int row2;
+            solver.AddRow("rowI2", out row2);
+            solver.SetBounds(row2, 0, 2);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row2, x2, 1);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row2, z, 1);
+
+            var p = new Z3MILPParams();
+            solver.Solve(p);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(solver.Result == LinearResult.Optimal);
+            Assert.AreEqual(solver.GetValue(x1), 2 * Rational.One);
+            Assert.AreEqual(solver.GetValue(x2), Rational.One);
+            Assert.AreEqual(solver.GetValue(z), Rational.One);
+            Assert.AreEqual(solver.GetValue(goal), 3 * Rational.One);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestMILPSolver2()
+        {
+            var solver = new Z3MILPSolver();
+            int goal, extraGoal;
+
+            Rational M = 100;
+            solver.AddRow("goal", out goal);
+            int x1, x2, z;
+
+            // 0 <= x1 <= 100
+            solver.AddVariable("x1", out x1);
+            solver.SetBounds(x1, 0, M);
+
+            // 0 <= x2 <= 100
+            solver.AddVariable("x2", out x2);
+            solver.SetBounds(x2, 0, M);
+
+            // z is an integer in [0,1]
+            solver.AddVariable("z", out z);
+            solver.SetIntegrality(z, true);
+            solver.SetBounds(z, 0, 1);
+
+            solver.SetCoefficient(goal, x1, 1);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(goal, x2, 2);
+            solver.AddGoal(goal, 1, false);
+
+            solver.AddRow("extraGoal", out extraGoal);
+
+            solver.SetCoefficient(extraGoal, x1, 2);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(extraGoal, x2, 1);
+            solver.AddGoal(extraGoal, 2, false);
+
+            // x1 + x2 >= 1
+            int row;
+            solver.AddRow("row", out row);
+            solver.SetBounds(row, 1, Rational.PositiveInfinity);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row, x1, 1);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row, x2, 1);
+
+
+            // x1 - M*z <= 0
+            int row1;
+            solver.AddRow("rowI1", out row1);
+            solver.SetBounds(row1, Rational.NegativeInfinity, 0);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row1, x1, 1);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row1, z, -M);
+
+            // x2 - M* (1-z) <= 0
+            int row2;
+            solver.AddRow("rowI2", out row2);
+            solver.SetBounds(row2, Rational.NegativeInfinity, M);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row2, x2, 1);
+            solver.SetCoefficient(row2, z, M);
+
+            var p = new Z3MILPParams();
+            p.OptKind = OptimizationKind.BoundingBox;
+
+            solver.Solve(p);
+            Assert.IsTrue(solver.Result == LinearResult.Optimal);
+            Assert.AreEqual(solver.GetValue(goal), 200 * Rational.One);
+            Assert.AreEqual(solver.GetValue(extraGoal), 200 * Rational.One);
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/AbortWorker.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using Microsoft.Z3;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Thread that will wait until the query abort function returns true or 
+    /// the stop method is called. If the abort function returns true at some
+    /// point it will issue a softCancel() call to Z3.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class AbortWorker
+    {
+        #region Private Members
+
+        /// <summary>The Z3 solver</summary>
+        private Microsoft.Z3.Context _context;
+        /// <summary>The abort function to use to check if we are aborted</summary>
+        private Func<bool> _QueryAbortFunction;
+        /// <summary>Flag indicating that worker should stop</summary>
+        private bool _stop = false;
+        /// <summary>Flag indicating that we have been sent an abort signal</summary>
+        private bool _aborted = false;
+
+        #endregion Private Members
+
+        #region Construction
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Worker constructor taking a Z3 instance and a function to periodically
+        /// check for aborts.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="z3">Z3 instance</param>
+        /// <param name="queryAbortFunction">method to call to check for aborts</param>
+        public AbortWorker(Context context, Func<bool> queryAbortFunction)
+        {
+            _context = context;
+            _QueryAbortFunction = queryAbortFunction;
+        }
+
+        #endregion Construction
+
+        #region Public Methods
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Stop the abort worker.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Stop()
+        {
+            _stop = true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Is true if we have been aborted.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool Aborted
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _aborted;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts the abort worker. The worker checks the abort method
+        /// periodically until either it is stopped by a call to the Stop()
+        /// method or it gets an abort signal. In the latter case it will
+        /// issue a soft abort signal to Z3.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Start()
+        {
+            // We go until someone stops us
+            _stop = false;
+            while (!_stop && !_QueryAbortFunction())
+            {
+                // Wait for a while
+                Thread.Sleep(10);
+            }
+            // If we were stopped on abort, cancel z3
+            if (!_stop)
+            {
+                _context.Interrupt();
+                _aborted = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion Public Methods
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/App.config

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<configuration>
+  <configSections>
+    <section name="MsfConfig" 
+             type="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.MsfConfigSection, Microsoft.Solver.Foundation" 
+             allowLocation="true" 
+             allowDefinition="Everywhere" 
+             allowExeDefinition="MachineToApplication" 
+             restartOnExternalChanges="true" 
+             requirePermission="true"/>
+  </configSections>
+  <MsfConfig>
+    <MsfPluginSolvers>      
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 MILP Solver" 
+                       capability="MILP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 MILP Solver" 
+                       capability="LP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPParams"/>
+      
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver" 
+                       capability="MILP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver" 
+                       capability="LP"                        
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="MINLP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="NLP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+    </MsfPluginSolvers>
+  </MsfConfig>
+<startup>
+  <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/>
+</startup>
+</configuration>

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following 
+// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
+// associated with an assembly.
+[assembly: AssemblyTitle("SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3")]
+[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCompany("Microsoft")]
+[assembly: AssemblyProduct("SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © Microsoft 2013")]
+[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
+
+// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible 
+// to COM components.  If you need to access a type in this assembly from 
+// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
+[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
+
+// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
+[assembly: Guid("ed1476c0-96de-4d2c-983d-3888b140c3ad")]
+
+// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
+//
+//      Major Version
+//      Minor Version 
+//      Build Number
+//      Revision
+//
+// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers 
+// by using the '*' as shown below:
+// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
+[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
+[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
+    <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
+    <ProductVersion>9.0.30729</ProductVersion>
+    <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
+    <ProjectGuid>{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}</ProjectGuid>
+    <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+    <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+    <RootNamespace>Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3</RootNamespace>
+    <AssemblyName>SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3</AssemblyName>
+    <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+    <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+    <SignAssembly>false</SignAssembly>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+    </AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+    <PublishUrl>publish\</PublishUrl>
+    <Install>true</Install>
+    <InstallFrom>Disk</InstallFrom>
+    <UpdateEnabled>false</UpdateEnabled>
+    <UpdateMode>Foreground</UpdateMode>
+    <UpdateInterval>7</UpdateInterval>
+    <UpdateIntervalUnits>Days</UpdateIntervalUnits>
+    <UpdatePeriodically>false</UpdatePeriodically>
+    <UpdateRequired>false</UpdateRequired>
+    <MapFileExtensions>true</MapFileExtensions>
+    <ApplicationRevision>0</ApplicationRevision>
+    <ApplicationVersion>1.0.0.%2a</ApplicationVersion>
+    <IsWebBootstrapper>false</IsWebBootstrapper>
+    <UseApplicationTrust>false</UseApplicationTrust>
+    <BootstrapperEnabled>true</BootstrapperEnabled>
+    <TargetFrameworkProfile />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'commercial|AnyCPU'">
+    <OutputPath>bin\commercial\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'commercial_64|AnyCPU'">
+    <OutputPath>bin\commercial_64\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x86'">
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <OutputPath>bin\x86\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x86'">
+    <OutputPath>bin\x86\Release\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'commercial|x86'">
+    <OutputPath>bin\x86\commercial\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'commercial_64|x86'">
+    <OutputPath>bin\x86\commercial_64\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Solver.Foundation">
+      <HintPath>..\Microsoft.Solver.Foundation.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Z3, Version=4.3.2.0, Culture=neutral, processorArchitecture=x86">
+      <SpecificVersion>False</SpecificVersion>
+      <HintPath>..\Microsoft.Z3.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Core">
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System.Numerics" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq">
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions">
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System.Data" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="AbortWorker.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Utils.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3BaseDirective.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3BaseParams.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3BaseSolver.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3MILPDirective.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3MILPParams.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3MILPSolver.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3TermDirective.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3TermParams.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Z3TermSolver.cs" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="App.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
+  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
+       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
+  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+  </Target>
+  -->
+</Project>

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Utils.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Microsoft.Z3;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Common;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    public class Utils
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the Z3 term corresponding to the MSF rational number.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="rational">The MSF rational</param>
+        /// <returns>The Z3 term</returns>
+        public static ArithExpr GetNumeral(Context context, Rational rational, Sort sort = null)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                sort = rational.IsInteger() ? ((Sort)context.IntSort) : (sort == null ? (Sort)context.RealSort : sort);
+                return (ArithExpr)context.MkNumeral(rational.ToString(), sort);                
+            }
+            catch (Z3Exception e)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("Conversion of {0} failed:\n {1}", rational, e);
+                throw new NotSupportedException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static long BASE = 10 ^ 18;
+
+        private static Rational ToRational(System.Numerics.BigInteger bi)
+        {
+            if (System.Numerics.BigInteger.Abs(bi) <= BASE) 
+            {
+                return (Rational)((long)bi);
+            }
+            return BASE * ToRational(bi / BASE) + ToRational(bi % BASE);
+        }
+
+        public static Rational ToRational(IntNum i)
+        {
+            return ToRational(i.BigInteger);
+        }
+
+        public static Rational ToRational(RatNum r)
+        {
+            return ToRational(r.BigIntNumerator) / ToRational(r.BigIntDenominator);
+        }
+
+        public static Rational ToRational(Expr expr)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(expr is ArithExpr, "Only accept ArithExpr for now.");
+            var e = expr as ArithExpr;
+
+            if (e is IntNum) 
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(expr.IsIntNum, "Number should be an integer.");
+                return ToRational(expr as IntNum);
+            }
+            
+            if (e is RatNum)
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(expr.IsRatNum, "Number should be a rational.");
+                return ToRational(expr as RatNum);
+            }
+            
+            if (e.IsAdd)
+            {
+                Rational r = Rational.Zero;
+                foreach (var arg in e.Args)
+                {
+                    r += ToRational(arg);
+                }
+                return r;
+            }
+            
+            if (e.IsMul)
+            {
+                Rational r = Rational.One;
+                foreach (var arg in e.Args)
+                {
+                    r *= ToRational(arg);
+                }
+                return r;
+            }
+            
+            if (e.IsUMinus)
+            {
+                return -ToRational(e.Args[0]);
+            }
+            
+            if (e.IsDiv)
+            {
+                return ToRational(e.Args[0]) / ToRational(e.Args[1]);
+            }
+            
+            if (e.IsSub)
+            {
+                Rational r = ToRational(e.Args[0]);
+                for (int i = 1; i < e.Args.Length; ++i)
+                {
+                    r -= ToRational(e.Args[i]);
+                }
+                return r;
+            }
+            
+            if (e.IsConst && e.FuncDecl.Name.ToString() == "oo")
+            {
+                return Rational.PositiveInfinity;
+            }
+            
+            if (e.IsConst && e.FuncDecl.Name.ToString() == "epsilon")
+            {
+                return Rational.One/Rational.PositiveInfinity;              
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(false, "Should not happen");
+            return Rational.One;
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3BaseDirective.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Combining objective functions
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum OptimizationKind
+    {
+        Lexicographic,
+        BoundingBox,
+        ParetoOptimal
+    };
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Algorithm for solving cardinality constraints
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum CardinalityAlgorithm
+    { 
+        FuMalik,
+        CoreMaxSAT
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Algorithm for solving pseudo-boolean constraints
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum PseudoBooleanAlgorithm
+    { 
+        WeightedMaxSAT,
+        IterativeWeightedMaxSAT,
+        BisectionWeightedMaxSAT,
+        WeightedPartialMaxSAT2
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Strategy for solving arithmetic optimization
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum ArithmeticStrategy
+    { 
+        Basic,
+        Farkas
+    }
+
+    public abstract class Z3BaseDirective : Directive
+    {
+        protected OptimizationKind _optKind;
+        protected CardinalityAlgorithm _cardAlgorithm;
+        protected PseudoBooleanAlgorithm _pboAlgorithm;
+        protected ArithmeticStrategy _arithStrategy;
+
+        protected string _smt2LogFile;
+
+        public Z3BaseDirective()
+        {
+            Arithmetic = Arithmetic.Exact;
+        }
+
+        public OptimizationKind OptKind
+        {
+            get { return _optKind; }
+            set { _optKind = value; }
+        }
+
+        public CardinalityAlgorithm CardinalityAlgorithm
+        {
+            get { return _cardAlgorithm; }
+            set { _cardAlgorithm = value; }
+        }
+
+        public PseudoBooleanAlgorithm PseudoBooleanAlgorithm
+        {
+            get { return _pboAlgorithm; }
+            set { _pboAlgorithm = value; }
+        }
+
+        public ArithmeticStrategy ArithmeticStrategy
+        {
+            get { return _arithStrategy; }
+            set { _arithStrategy = value; }
+        }
+
+        public string SMT2LogFile
+        {
+            get { return _smt2LogFile; }
+            set { _smt2LogFile = value; }
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString() 
+        {
+            var sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.Append(this.GetType().Name);
+            sb.Append("(");
+            sb.AppendFormat("OptKind: {0}, ", _optKind);
+            sb.AppendFormat("SMT2LogFile: {0}", _smt2LogFile);
+            sb.Append(")");
+            return sb.ToString();
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3BaseParams.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implementation of the solver parameters for Z3
+    /// </summary>
+    public class Z3BaseParams : ISolverParameters
+    {
+        #region Private Members
+
+        /// <summary>The abort method we can call (defaults to always false) 
+        protected Func<bool> _queryAbortFunction = delegate() { return false; };
+
+        /// <summary>The directive to use</summary>
+        protected Directive _directive = null;
+
+        protected OptimizationKind _optKind;
+        protected CardinalityAlgorithm _cardAlgorithm;
+        protected PseudoBooleanAlgorithm _pboAlgorithm;
+        protected ArithmeticStrategy _arithStrategy;
+
+        protected string _smt2LogFile;
+
+        #endregion Private Members
+
+        #region Construction
+
+        public Z3BaseParams() { }
+
+        public Z3BaseParams(Directive directive)
+        {
+            _directive = directive;
+
+            var z3Directive = directive as Z3BaseDirective;
+            if (z3Directive != null)
+            {
+                _optKind = z3Directive.OptKind;
+                _cardAlgorithm = z3Directive.CardinalityAlgorithm;
+                _pboAlgorithm = z3Directive.PseudoBooleanAlgorithm;
+                _arithStrategy = z3Directive.ArithmeticStrategy;
+                _smt2LogFile = z3Directive.SMT2LogFile;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Z3BaseParams(Func<bool> queryAbortFunction)
+        {
+            _queryAbortFunction = queryAbortFunction;
+        }
+
+        public Z3BaseParams(Z3BaseParams z3Parameters)
+        {
+            _queryAbortFunction = z3Parameters._queryAbortFunction;
+        }
+
+        #endregion Construction
+
+        #region ISolverParameters Members
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Getter for the abort method
+        /// </summary>
+        public Func<bool> QueryAbort
+        {
+            get { return _queryAbortFunction; }
+            set { _queryAbortFunction = value; }
+        }
+
+        public OptimizationKind OptKind
+        {
+            get { return _optKind; }
+            set { _optKind = value; }
+        }
+
+        public CardinalityAlgorithm CardinalityAlgorithm
+        {
+            get { return _cardAlgorithm; }
+            set { _cardAlgorithm = value; }
+        }
+
+        public PseudoBooleanAlgorithm PseudoBooleanAlgorithm
+        {
+            get { return _pboAlgorithm; }
+            set { _pboAlgorithm = value; }
+        }
+
+        public ArithmeticStrategy ArithmeticStrategy
+        {
+            get { return _arithStrategy; }
+            set { _arithStrategy = value; }
+        }
+
+        public string SMT2LogFile
+        {
+            get { return _smt2LogFile; }
+            set { _smt2LogFile = value; }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3BaseSolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Microsoft.Z3;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Common;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    internal enum Z3Result
+    {
+        Optimal,
+        LocalOptimal,
+        Feasible,
+        Interrupted,
+        Infeasible
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The basic solver class to take care of transformation from an MSF instance to an Z3 instance
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class Z3BaseSolver
+    {
+        /// <summary>Representing MSF model</summary>
+        private IRowVariableModel _model;
+
+        /// <summary>The Z3 solver we are currently using</summary>
+        private Context _context = null;
+
+        /// <summary>Default optimization solver</summary>
+        private Optimize _optSolver = null;
+
+        /// <summary>Marks when we are inside the Solve() method</summary>
+        private bool _isSolving = false;
+
+        /// <summary>A map from MSF variable ids to Z3 variables</summary>
+        private Dictionary<int, Expr> _variables = new Dictionary<int, Expr>();
+
+        /// <summary>A map from MSF variable ids to Z3 goal ids</summary>
+        private Dictionary<IGoal, uint> _goals = new Dictionary<IGoal, uint>();
+
+        internal Z3BaseSolver(IRowVariableModel model)
+        {
+            _model = model;
+        }
+
+        internal Context Context 
+        { 
+            get { return _context; }
+        }
+
+        internal Dictionary<int, Expr> Variables
+        {
+            get { return _variables; }
+        }
+
+        internal Dictionary<IGoal, uint> Goals
+        {
+            get { return _goals; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Destructs a currently active Z3 solver and the associated data.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void DestructSolver(bool checkInSolve)
+        {
+            if (_context != null)
+            {
+                if (checkInSolve && !_isSolving)
+                {
+                    _variables.Clear();
+                    if (!_isSolving)
+                    {
+                        _optSolver.Dispose();
+                        _context.Dispose();
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine("Z3 destruction is invoked while in Solving phase.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a Z3 solver to be used.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void ConstructSolver(Z3BaseParams parameters)
+        {
+            // If Z3 is there already, kill it
+            if (_context != null)
+            {
+                DestructSolver(false);
+            }
+
+            _context = new Context();
+            _optSolver = _context.MkOptimize();
+            var p = _context.MkParams();
+
+            switch (parameters.OptKind)
+            {
+                case OptimizationKind.BoundingBox:
+                    p.Add("priority", _context.MkSymbol("box"));
+                    break;
+                case OptimizationKind.Lexicographic:
+                    p.Add("priority", _context.MkSymbol("lex"));
+                    break;
+                case OptimizationKind.ParetoOptimal:
+                    p.Add("priority", _context.MkSymbol("pareto"));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Debug.Assert(false, String.Format("Unknown optimization option {0}", parameters.OptKind));
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            switch (parameters.CardinalityAlgorithm)
+            {
+                case CardinalityAlgorithm.FuMalik:
+                    p.Add("maxsat_engine", _context.MkSymbol("fu_malik"));
+                    break;
+                case CardinalityAlgorithm.CoreMaxSAT:
+                    p.Add("maxsat_engine", _context.MkSymbol("core_maxsat"));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Debug.Assert(false, String.Format("Unknown cardinality algorithm option {0}", parameters.CardinalityAlgorithm));
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            switch (parameters.PseudoBooleanAlgorithm)
+            {
+                case PseudoBooleanAlgorithm.WeightedMaxSAT:
+                    p.Add("wmaxsat_engine", _context.MkSymbol("wmax"));
+                    break;
+                case PseudoBooleanAlgorithm.IterativeWeightedMaxSAT:
+                    p.Add("wmaxsat_engine", _context.MkSymbol("iwmax"));
+                    break;
+                case PseudoBooleanAlgorithm.BisectionWeightedMaxSAT:
+                    p.Add("wmaxsat_engine", _context.MkSymbol("bwmax"));
+                    break;
+                case PseudoBooleanAlgorithm.WeightedPartialMaxSAT2:
+                    p.Add("wmaxsat_engine", _context.MkSymbol("wpm2"));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Debug.Assert(false, String.Format("Unknown pseudo-boolean algorithm option {0}", parameters.PseudoBooleanAlgorithm));
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            switch (parameters.ArithmeticStrategy)
+            {
+                case ArithmeticStrategy.Basic:
+                    p.Add("engine", _context.MkSymbol("basic"));
+                    break;
+                case ArithmeticStrategy.Farkas:
+                    p.Add("engine", _context.MkSymbol("farkas"));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Debug.Assert(false, String.Format("Unknown arithmetic strategy option {0}", parameters.ArithmeticStrategy));
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            _optSolver.Parameters = p;
+        }
+
+        internal ArithExpr GetVariable(int vid)
+        {
+            Expr variable;
+            if (!_variables.TryGetValue(vid, out variable))
+            {
+                AddVariable(vid);
+                variable = _variables[vid];
+            }
+            return (ArithExpr)variable;
+        }
+
+        internal void AssertBool(BoolExpr row)
+        {
+            _optSolver.Assert(row);
+        }
+
+        internal void AssertArith(int vid, ArithExpr variable)
+        {
+            // Get the bounds on the row
+            Rational lower, upper;
+            _model.GetBounds(vid, out lower, out upper);
+
+            // Case of equality
+            if (lower == upper)
+            {
+                // Create the equality term
+                Expr eqConst = GetNumeral(lower, variable.Sort);
+                BoolExpr constraint = _context.MkEq(eqConst, variable);
+                // Assert the constraint
+                _optSolver.Assert(constraint);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // If upper bound is finite assert the upper bound constraint
+                if (lower.IsFinite)
+                {
+                    // Create the lower Bound constraint
+                    ArithExpr lowerTerm = GetNumeral(lower, variable.Sort);
+                    BoolExpr constraint = _context.MkLe(lowerTerm, variable);
+                    // Assert the constraint
+                    _optSolver.Assert(constraint);
+                }
+                // If lower bound is finite assert the lower bound constraint
+                if (upper.IsFinite)
+                {
+                    // Create the upper bound constraint
+                    ArithExpr upperTerm = GetNumeral(upper, variable.Sort);
+                    BoolExpr constraint = _context.MkGe(upperTerm, variable);
+                    // Assert the constraint
+                    _optSolver.Assert(constraint);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a MSF variable with the coresponding assertion to the Z3 variables.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="vid">The MSF id of the variable</param>
+        internal void AddVariable(int vid)
+        {
+            // Is the variable an integer
+            bool isInteger = _model.GetIntegrality(vid);
+
+            // Construct the sort we will be using
+            Sort sort = isInteger ? (Sort)_context.IntSort : (Sort)_context.RealSort;
+
+            // Get the variable key
+            object key = _model.GetKeyFromIndex(vid);
+
+            // Try to construct the name
+            string name;
+            if (key != null) name = String.Format("x_{0}_{1}", key, vid);
+            else name = String.Format("x_{0}", vid);
+            ArithExpr variable = (ArithExpr)_context.MkConst(name, sort);
+
+            // Create the variable and add it to the map
+            Debug.Assert(!_variables.ContainsKey(vid), "Variable names should be unique.");
+            _variables.Add(vid, variable);
+
+            AssertArith(vid, variable);
+        }
+
+        internal ArithExpr GetNumeral(Rational rational, Sort sort = null)
+        {
+            return Utils.GetNumeral(_context, rational, sort);
+        }
+
+        internal void Solve(Z3BaseParams parameters, IEnumerable<IGoal> modelGoals, 
+                            Action<int> addRow, Func<int, ArithExpr> mkGoalRow, Action<Z3Result> setResult)
+        {
+            _variables.Clear();
+            _goals.Clear();
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Mark that we are in solving phase
+                _isSolving = true;
+
+                // Construct Z3
+                ConstructSolver(parameters);
+
+                // Add all the variables
+                foreach (int vid in _model.VariableIndices)
+                {
+                    AddVariable(vid);
+                }
+
+                // Add all the rows
+                foreach (int rid in _model.RowIndices)
+                {
+                    addRow(rid);
+                }
+
+                // Add enabled goals to optimization problem
+                foreach (IGoal g in modelGoals)
+                {
+                    if (!g.Enabled) continue;
+
+                    ArithExpr gr = mkGoalRow(g.Index);
+                    if (g.Minimize)
+                        _goals.Add(g, _optSolver.MkMinimize(gr));
+                    else
+                        _goals.Add(g, _optSolver.MkMaximize(gr));
+                }
+
+                if (_goals.Any() && parameters.SMT2LogFile != null)
+                {
+                    Debug.WriteLine("Dumping SMT2 benchmark to log file...");
+                    File.WriteAllText(parameters.SMT2LogFile, _optSolver.ToString());
+                }
+
+                bool aborted = parameters.QueryAbort();
+
+                if (!aborted)
+                {
+                    // Start the abort thread
+                    AbortWorker abortWorker = new AbortWorker(_context, parameters.QueryAbort);
+                    Thread abortThread = new Thread(abortWorker.Start);
+                    abortThread.Start();
+
+                    // Now solve the problem
+                    Status status = _optSolver.Check();
+
+                    // Stop the abort thread
+                    abortWorker.Stop();
+                    abortThread.Join();
+
+                    switch (status)
+                    {
+                        case Status.SATISFIABLE:
+                            Microsoft.Z3.Model model = _optSolver.Model;
+                            Debug.Assert(model != null, "Should be able to get Z3 model.");
+                            // Remember the solution values                                
+                            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, Expr> pair in _variables)
+                            {
+                                var value = Utils.ToRational(model.Eval(pair.Value, true));
+                                _model.SetValue(pair.Key, value);
+                            }
+                            // Remember all objective values
+                            foreach (var pair in _goals)
+                            {
+                                var optimalValue = Utils.ToRational(_optSolver.GetUpper(pair.Value));
+                                _model.SetValue(pair.Key.Index, optimalValue);
+                            }
+                            model.Dispose();
+                            setResult(_goals.Any() ? Z3Result.Optimal : Z3Result.Feasible);
+                            break;
+                        case Status.UNSATISFIABLE:
+                            setResult(Z3Result.Infeasible);
+                            break;
+                        case Status.UNKNOWN:
+                            if (abortWorker.Aborted)
+                            {
+                                Microsoft.Z3.Model subOptimalModel = _optSolver.Model;
+                                if (subOptimalModel != null && subOptimalModel.NumConsts != 0)
+                                {
+                                    // Remember the solution values                                
+                                    foreach (KeyValuePair<int, Expr> pair in _variables)
+                                    {
+                                        var value = Utils.ToRational(subOptimalModel.Eval(pair.Value, true));
+                                        _model.SetValue(pair.Key, value);
+                                    }
+                                    // Remember all objective values
+                                    foreach (var pair in _goals)
+                                    {
+                                        var optimalValue = Utils.ToRational(_optSolver.GetUpper(pair.Value));
+                                        _model.SetValue(pair.Key.Index, optimalValue);
+                                    }
+                                    subOptimalModel.Dispose();
+
+                                    setResult(Z3Result.LocalOptimal);
+                                }
+                                else
+                                    setResult(Z3Result.Infeasible);
+                            }
+                            else
+                                setResult(Z3Result.Interrupted);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            Debug.Assert(false, "Unrecognized Z3 Status");
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                _isSolving = false;
+            }
+
+            // Now kill Z3
+            DestructSolver(true);
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3MILPDirective.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    public class Z3MILPDirective : Z3BaseDirective
+    {
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3MILPParams.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    public class Z3MILPParams : Z3BaseParams
+    {
+        // Need these constructors for reflection done by plugin model
+
+        public Z3MILPParams() : base() { }
+
+        public Z3MILPParams(Directive directive) : base(directive) { }
+
+        public Z3MILPParams(Func<bool> queryAbortFunction) : base(queryAbortFunction) { }
+
+        public Z3MILPParams(Z3BaseParams z3Parameters) : base (z3Parameters) { }
+    }
+
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3MILPSolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.IO;
+
+using Microsoft.Z3;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Common;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The class is implementation of the MSF mixed linear programming solver 
+    /// using the Microsoft Z3 solver as the backend.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class Z3MILPSolver : LinearModel, ILinearSolver, ILinearSolution, IReportProvider
+    {
+        #region Private members
+
+        private LinearResult _result;       
+        private LinearSolutionQuality _solutionQuality;
+        private Z3BaseSolver _solver;
+
+        #endregion Private members
+
+        #region Solver construction and destruction
+
+        /// <summary>Constructor that initializes the base clases</summary>
+        public Z3MILPSolver() : base(null) 
+        {
+            _result = LinearResult.Feasible;
+            _solver = new Z3BaseSolver(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Constructor that initializes the base clases</summary>
+        public Z3MILPSolver(ISolverEnvironment context) : this() { }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Shutdown can be called when when the solver is not active, i.e. 
+        /// when it is done with Solve() or it has gracefully returns from Solve()
+        /// after an abort.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Shutdown() { _solver.DestructSolver(true); }
+
+        #endregion Solver construction and destruction
+
+        #region Obtaining information about the solution
+
+        public ILinearSolverReport GetReport(LinearSolverReportType reportType)
+        {
+            // We don't support sensitivity report
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        #endregion Obtaining information about the solution
+
+        #region Construction of the problem
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get corresponding Z3 formula of a MSF row.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="rid">The MSF row id</param>
+        private ArithExpr MkGoalRow(int rid)
+        {
+            // Start with the 0 term
+            List<ArithExpr> row = new List<ArithExpr>();
+
+            // Now, add all the entries of this row
+            foreach (LinearEntry entry in GetRowEntries(rid))
+            {
+                // Get the variable and constant in the row
+                ArithExpr e = _solver.GetVariable(entry.Index);                
+                if (!entry.Value.IsOne)
+                {
+                    e = _solver.Context.MkMul(_solver.GetNumeral(entry.Value, e.Sort), e);
+                }
+                row.Add(e);
+            }
+            switch (row.Count)
+            {
+                case 0: return _solver.GetNumeral(new Rational());
+                case 1: return row[0];
+                default: return _solver.Context.MkAdd(row.ToArray());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a MSF row to the Z3 assertions.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="rid">The MSF row id</param>
+        private void AddRow(int rid)
+        {
+            // Start with the 0 term
+            ArithExpr row = MkGoalRow(rid);
+            _solver.AssertArith(rid, row);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set results based on internal solver status
+        /// </summary>
+        private void SetResult(Z3Result status)
+        {
+            switch (status)
+            {
+                case Z3Result.Optimal:
+                    _result = LinearResult.Optimal;
+                    _solutionQuality = LinearSolutionQuality.Exact;
+                    break;
+                case Z3Result.LocalOptimal:
+                    _result = LinearResult.Feasible;
+                    _solutionQuality = LinearSolutionQuality.Approximate;
+                    break;
+                case Z3Result.Feasible:
+                    _result = LinearResult.Feasible;
+                    _solutionQuality = LinearSolutionQuality.Exact;
+                    break;
+                case Z3Result.Infeasible:
+                    _result = LinearResult.InfeasiblePrimal;
+                    _solutionQuality = LinearSolutionQuality.None;
+                    break;
+                case Z3Result.Interrupted:
+                    _result = LinearResult.Interrupted;
+                    _solutionQuality = LinearSolutionQuality.None;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Debug.Assert(false, "Unrecognized Z3 Result");
+                    break;
+            } 
+        }
+
+        #endregion Construction of the problem
+
+        #region Solving the problem            
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts solving the problem using the Z3 solver.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="parameters">Parameters to the solver</param>
+        /// <returns>The solution to the problem</returns>
+        public ILinearSolution Solve(ISolverParameters parameters)
+        {
+            // Get the Z3 parameters
+            var z3Params = parameters as Z3BaseParams;
+            Debug.Assert(z3Params != null, "Parameters should be an instance of Z3BaseParams.");
+            
+            _solver.Solve(z3Params, Goals, AddRow, MkGoalRow, SetResult);
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        #endregion Solving the problem
+
+        #region ILinearSolution Members
+
+        public Rational GetSolutionValue(int goalIndex)
+        {
+            var goal = Goals.ElementAt(goalIndex);
+            Debug.Assert(goal != null, "Goal should be an element of the goal list.");
+            return GetValue(goal.Index);
+        }
+
+        public void GetSolvedGoal(int goalIndex, out object key, out int vid, out bool minimize, out bool optimal)
+        {
+            var goal = Goals.ElementAt(goalIndex);
+            Debug.Assert(goal != null, "Goal should be an element of the goal list.");
+            key = goal.Key;
+            vid = goal.Index;
+            minimize = goal.Minimize;
+            optimal = _result == LinearResult.Optimal;
+        }
+
+        // LpResult is LP relaxation assignment.
+        
+        public LinearResult LpResult
+        {
+            get { return _result; }
+        }
+
+        public Rational MipBestBound
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(GoalCount > 0, "MipBestBound is only applicable for optimization instances.");
+                return GetSolutionValue(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public LinearResult MipResult
+        {
+            get { return _result; }
+        }
+
+        public LinearResult Result
+        {
+            get { return _result; }
+        }
+
+        public LinearSolutionQuality SolutionQuality
+        {
+            get { return _solutionQuality; }
+        }
+
+        public int SolvedGoalCount
+        {
+            get { return GoalCount; }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        public Report GetReport(SolverContext context, Solution solution, SolutionMapping solutionMapping)
+        {
+            LinearSolutionMapping lpSolutionMapping = solutionMapping as LinearSolutionMapping;
+            if (lpSolutionMapping == null && solutionMapping != null)
+                throw new ArgumentException("solutionMapping is not a LinearSolutionMapping", "solutionMapping");
+            return new Z3LinearSolverReport(context, this, solution, lpSolutionMapping);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class implementing the LinearReport.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class Z3LinearSolverReport : LinearReport
+    {
+        public Z3LinearSolverReport(SolverContext context, ISolver solver, Solution solution, LinearSolutionMapping solutionMapping)
+          : base(context, solver, solution, solutionMapping) {
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3TermDirective.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    public class Z3TermDirective : Z3BaseDirective
+    {
+    }
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3TermParams.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    public class Z3TermParams : Z3BaseParams
+    {
+        public Z3TermParams() : base() { }
+
+        public Z3TermParams(Directive directive) : base(directive) { }
+
+        public Z3TermParams(Func<bool> queryAbortFunction) : base(queryAbortFunction) { }
+
+        public Z3TermParams(Z3BaseParams z3Parameters) : base(z3Parameters) { }
+    }
+
+}

examples/msf/SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3/Z3TermSolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Common;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Properties;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Solvers;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using Microsoft.Z3;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The class is implementation of the MSF constraint solver
+    /// using the Microsoft Z3 solver as the backend. 
+    /// This solver supports Int, Real constraints and their arbitrary boolean combinations.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class Z3TermSolver : TermModel, ITermSolver, INonlinearSolution, IReportProvider
+    {
+        private NonlinearResult _result;
+        private Z3BaseSolver _solver;
+
+        /// <summary>Constructor that initializes the base clases</summary>
+        public Z3TermSolver() : base(null) 
+        {
+            _solver = new Z3BaseSolver(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Constructor that initializes the base clases</summary>
+        public Z3TermSolver(ISolverEnvironment context) : this() { }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Shutdown can be called when when the solver is not active, i.e. 
+        /// when it is done with Solve() or it has gracefully returns from Solve()
+        /// after an abort.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Shutdown() { _solver.DestructSolver(true); }
+
+        private BoolExpr MkBool(int rid)
+        {
+            var context = _solver.Context;
+
+            if (IsConstant(rid))
+            {
+                Rational lower, upper;
+                GetBounds(rid, out lower, out upper);
+                Debug.Assert(lower == upper);
+                if (lower.IsZero) return context.MkFalse();
+                return context.MkTrue();
+            }
+            if (IsOperation(rid))
+            {
+                BoolExpr[] children;
+                ArithExpr[] operands;
+                TermModelOperation op = GetOperation(rid);
+                switch(op) {
+                   case TermModelOperation.And:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) >= 2, "Conjunction requires at least two operands.");
+                        children = (GetOperands(rid)).Select(x => MkBool(x)).ToArray();
+                        return context.MkAnd(children);
+                    case TermModelOperation.Or:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) >= 2, "Disjunction requires at least two operands.");
+                        children = (GetOperands(rid)).Select(x => MkBool(x)).ToArray();
+                        return context.MkOr(children);
+                    case TermModelOperation.Not:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) == 1, "Negation is unary.");
+                        return context.MkNot(MkBool(GetOperand(rid, 0)));
+                    case TermModelOperation.If:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) == 3, "If is ternary.");
+                        BoolExpr b = MkBool(GetOperand(rid, 0));
+                        Expr x1 = MkBool(GetOperand(rid, 1));
+                        Expr x2 = MkBool(GetOperand(rid, 2));
+                        return (BoolExpr)context.MkITE(b, x1, x2);
+                    case TermModelOperation.Unequal:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) >= 2, "Distinct should have at least two operands.");
+                        return context.MkDistinct((GetOperands(rid)).Select(x => MkTerm(x)).ToArray());
+                    case TermModelOperation.Greater:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Less:
+                    case TermModelOperation.GreaterEqual:
+                    case TermModelOperation.LessEqual:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Equal:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) >= 2, "Comparison should have at least two operands.");
+                        operands = (GetOperands(rid)).Select(x => MkTerm(x)).ToArray();
+                        return ReduceComparison(GetOperation(rid), operands);
+                    case TermModelOperation.Identity:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) == 1, "Identity takes exactly one operand.");
+                        return MkBool(GetOperand(rid, 0));
+                    default:
+                        return context.MkEq(MkTerm(rid), _solver.GetNumeral(Rational.One));
+                }
+            }
+            return context.MkEq(MkTerm(rid), _solver.GetNumeral(Rational.One));
+        }
+
+        private ArithExpr MkBoolToArith(BoolExpr e)
+        {
+            var context = _solver.Context;
+            return (ArithExpr)context.MkITE(e, _solver.GetNumeral(Rational.One), _solver.GetNumeral(Rational.Zero));
+        }
+
+        private ArithExpr MkTerm(int rid) 
+        {
+            var context = _solver.Context;
+
+            if (IsConstant(rid))
+            {
+                Rational lower, upper;
+                GetBounds(rid, out lower, out upper);
+                Debug.Assert(lower == upper);
+                return _solver.GetNumeral(lower);
+            }
+            else if (IsOperation(rid)) 
+            {
+                ArithExpr[] operands;
+                TermModelOperation op = GetOperation(rid);
+                switch(op) 
+                {
+                    case TermModelOperation.And:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Or:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Not:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Unequal:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Greater:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Less:
+                    case TermModelOperation.GreaterEqual:
+                    case TermModelOperation.LessEqual:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Equal:
+                        return MkBoolToArith(MkBool(rid));
+                    case TermModelOperation.If:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) == 3, "If is ternary.");
+                        BoolExpr b = MkBool(GetOperand(rid, 0));
+                        Expr x1 = MkTerm(GetOperand(rid, 1));
+                        Expr x2 = MkTerm(GetOperand(rid, 2));
+                        return (ArithExpr)context.MkITE(b, x1, x2);
+                    case TermModelOperation.Plus:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) >= 2, "Plus takes at least two operands.");
+                        operands = (GetOperands(rid)).Select(x => MkTerm(x)).ToArray();
+                        return context.MkAdd(operands);
+                    case TermModelOperation.Minus:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) == 1, "Minus takes exactly one operand.");
+                        return context.MkUnaryMinus(MkTerm(GetOperand(rid, 0)));
+                    case TermModelOperation.Times:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) >= 2, "Times requires at least two operands.");
+                        operands = (GetOperands(rid)).Select(x => MkTerm(x)).ToArray();
+                        return context.MkMul(operands);
+                    case TermModelOperation.Identity:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) == 1, "Identity takes exactly one operand.");
+                        return MkTerm(GetOperand(rid, 0));
+                    case TermModelOperation.Abs:
+                        Debug.Assert(GetOperandCount(rid) == 1, "Abs takes exactly one operand.");
+                        ArithExpr e = MkTerm(GetOperand(rid, 0));
+                        ArithExpr minusE = context.MkUnaryMinus(e);
+                        ArithExpr zero = _solver.GetNumeral(Rational.Zero);
+                        return (ArithExpr)context.MkITE(context.MkGe(e, zero), e, minusE);
+                    default:
+                        Console.Error.WriteLine("{0} operation isn't supported.", op);
+                        throw new NotSupportedException();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return _solver.GetVariable(rid);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private BoolExpr ReduceComparison(TermModelOperation type, ArithExpr[] operands)
+        {
+            var context = _solver.Context;
+            Debug.Assert(operands.Length >= 2);            
+            Func<ArithExpr, ArithExpr, BoolExpr> mkComparison;
+            switch (type)
+            {
+                case TermModelOperation.Greater:
+                    mkComparison = (x, y) => context.MkGt(x, y);
+                    break;
+                case TermModelOperation.Less:
+                    mkComparison = (x, y) => context.MkLt(x, y);
+                    break;
+                case TermModelOperation.GreaterEqual:
+                    mkComparison = (x, y) => context.MkGe(x, y);
+                    break;
+                case TermModelOperation.LessEqual:
+                    mkComparison = (x, y) => context.MkLe(x, y);
+                    break;
+                case TermModelOperation.Equal:
+                    mkComparison = (x, y) => context.MkEq(x, y);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new NotSupportedException();
+            }
+
+            BoolExpr current = mkComparison(operands[0], operands[1]);
+            for (int i = 1; i < operands.Length - 1; ++i)
+                current = context.MkAnd(current, mkComparison(operands[i], operands[i + 1]));
+            return current;
+        }
+
+        private bool IsBoolRow(int rid)
+        {
+            Rational lower, upper;
+            GetBounds(rid, out lower, out upper);
+
+            return lower == upper && lower.IsOne && IsBoolTerm(rid);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsBoolTerm(int rid)
+        {
+            if (IsConstant(rid))
+            {
+                Rational lower, upper;
+                GetBounds(rid, out lower, out upper);
+                Debug.Assert(lower == upper);
+                return lower.IsOne || lower.IsZero;
+            }
+            if (IsOperation(rid))
+            {
+                TermModelOperation op = GetOperation(rid);
+                switch (op)
+                {
+                    case TermModelOperation.And:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Or:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Not:
+                    case TermModelOperation.LessEqual:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Less:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Greater:
+                    case TermModelOperation.GreaterEqual:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Unequal:
+                    case TermModelOperation.Equal:                        
+                        return true;
+                    case TermModelOperation.If:
+                        return IsBoolTerm(GetOperand(rid, 1)) &&
+                                IsBoolTerm(GetOperand(rid, 2));
+                    case TermModelOperation.Identity:
+                        return IsBoolTerm(GetOperand(rid, 0));
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a MSF row to the Z3 assertions.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="rid">The MSF row id</param>
+        private void AddRow(int rid)
+        {
+            if (IsConstant(rid))
+                return;
+
+            if (IsBoolRow(rid))
+            {
+                _solver.AssertBool(MkBool(rid));
+                return;
+            }
+            // Start with the 0 term
+            ArithExpr row = MkTerm(rid);
+            _solver.AssertArith(rid, row);
+        }
+
+        private TermModelOperation[] _supportedOperations =
+                { TermModelOperation.And,
+                  TermModelOperation.Or,
+                  TermModelOperation.Not,
+                  TermModelOperation.Unequal,
+                  TermModelOperation.Greater,
+                  TermModelOperation.Less,
+                  TermModelOperation.GreaterEqual,
+                  TermModelOperation.LessEqual,
+                  TermModelOperation.Equal,
+                  TermModelOperation.If,
+                  TermModelOperation.Plus,
+                  TermModelOperation.Minus,
+                  TermModelOperation.Times,
+                  TermModelOperation.Identity,
+                  TermModelOperation.Abs };
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the operations supported by the solver.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>All the TermModelOperations supported by the solver.</returns>
+        public IEnumerable<TermModelOperation> SupportedOperations
+        {
+            get { return _supportedOperations; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set results based on internal solver status
+        /// </summary>
+        private void SetResult(Z3Result status)
+        {
+            switch (status)
+            {
+                case Z3Result.Optimal:
+                    _result = NonlinearResult.Optimal;
+                    break;
+                case Z3Result.LocalOptimal:
+                    _result = NonlinearResult.LocalOptimal;
+                    break;
+                case Z3Result.Feasible:
+                    _result = NonlinearResult.Feasible;
+                    break;
+                case Z3Result.Infeasible:
+                    _result = NonlinearResult.Infeasible;
+                    break;
+                case Z3Result.Interrupted:
+                    _result = NonlinearResult.Interrupted;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Debug.Assert(false, "Unrecognized Z3 Result");
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts solving the problem using the Z3 solver.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="parameters">Parameters to the solver</param>
+        /// <returns>The solution to the problem</returns>
+        public INonlinearSolution Solve(ISolverParameters parameters)
+        {
+            // Get the Z3 parameters
+            var z3Params = parameters as Z3BaseParams;
+            Debug.Assert(z3Params != null, "Parameters should be an instance of Z3BaseParams.");
+
+            _solver.Solve(z3Params, Goals, AddRow, MkTerm, SetResult);
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        double INonlinearSolution.GetValue(int vid)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_solver.Variables.ContainsKey(vid), "This index should correspond to a variable.");
+            return GetValue(vid).ToDouble();
+        }
+
+        public int SolvedGoalCount
+        {
+            get { return GoalCount; }
+        }
+
+        public double GetSolutionValue(int goalIndex)
+        {
+            var goal = Goals.ElementAt(goalIndex);
+            Debug.Assert(goal != null, "Goal should be an element of the goal list.");
+            return GetValue(goal.Index).ToDouble();
+        }
+
+        public void GetSolvedGoal(int goalIndex, out object key, out int vid, out bool minimize, out bool optimal)
+        {
+            var goal = Goals.ElementAt(goalIndex);
+            Debug.Assert(goal != null, "Goal should be an element of the goal list.");
+            key = goal.Key;
+            vid = goal.Index;
+            minimize = goal.Minimize;
+            optimal = _result == NonlinearResult.Optimal;
+        }
+
+        public NonlinearResult Result
+        {
+            get { return _result; }
+        }
+
+        public Report GetReport(SolverContext context, Solution solution, SolutionMapping solutionMapping)
+        {
+            PluginSolutionMapping pluginSolutionMapping = solutionMapping as PluginSolutionMapping;
+            if (pluginSolutionMapping == null && solutionMapping != null)
+                throw new ArgumentException("solutionMapping is not a LinearSolutionMapping", "solutionMapping");
+            return new Z3TermSolverReport(context, this, solution, pluginSolutionMapping);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class Z3TermSolverReport : Report
+    {
+        public Z3TermSolverReport(SolverContext context, ISolver solver, Solution solution, PluginSolutionMapping pluginSolutionMapping)
+            : base(context, solver, solution, pluginSolutionMapping)
+        {          
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/msf/Validator/App.config

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<configuration>
+  <configSections>
+    <section name="MsfConfig" 
+             type="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.MsfConfigSection, Microsoft.Solver.Foundation" 
+             allowLocation="true" 
+             allowDefinition="Everywhere" 
+             allowExeDefinition="MachineToApplication" 
+             restartOnExternalChanges="true" 
+             requirePermission="true"/>
+  </configSections>
+  <MsfConfig>
+    <MsfPluginSolvers>      
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 MILP Solver" 
+                       capability="MILP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 MILP Solver" 
+                       capability="LP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPParams"/>
+      
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver" 
+                       capability="MILP" 
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver" 
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective" 
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver" 
+                       capability="LP"                        
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll" 
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="MINLP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="NLP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+    </MsfPluginSolvers>
+  </MsfConfig>
+<startup>
+  <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/>
+</startup>
+</configuration>

examples/msf/Validator/MicrosoftSolverFoundationForExcel.dll.config

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<configuration>
+  <configSections>
+    <section
+      name="MsfConfig"
+      type="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.MsfConfigSection, Microsoft.Solver.Foundation"
+      allowLocation="true"
+      allowDefinition="Everywhere"
+      allowExeDefinition="MachineToApplication"
+      restartOnExternalChanges="true"
+      requirePermission="true" />
+  </configSections>
+  <MsfConfig>
+    <MsfPluginSolvers>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 MILP Solver"
+                       capability="MILP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 MILP Solver"
+                       capability="LP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3MILPParams"/>
+
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="MILP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="LP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="MINLP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+      <MsfPluginSolver name="Microsoft Z3 Term Solver"
+                       capability="NLP"
+                       assembly="SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.dll"
+                       interface="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services.ITermSolver"
+                       solverclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermSolver"
+                       directiveclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermDirective"
+                       parameterclass="Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Z3TermParams"/>
+    </MsfPluginSolvers>
+  </MsfConfig>
+</configuration>

examples/msf/Validator/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Common;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Solvers;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3;
+using Microsoft.SolverFoundation.Services;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Validator
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void LoadModel(SolverContext context, string fileName)
+        { 
+            string ext = Path.GetExtension(fileName).ToLower();
+
+            if (ext == ".mps")
+            {
+                context.LoadModel(FileFormat.MPS, Path.GetFullPath(fileName));
+            }
+            else if (ext == ".smps")
+            {
+                context.LoadModel(FileFormat.SMPS, Path.GetFullPath(fileName));
+            }
+            else if (ext == ".oml")
+            {
+                context.LoadModel(FileFormat.OML, Path.GetFullPath(fileName));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new NotSupportedException("This file format hasn't been supported.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void ExecuteZ3(string fileName, Z3BaseDirective directive)
+        {
+            SolverContext context = SolverContext.GetContext();
+            try
+            {
+                LoadModel(context, fileName);
+
+                Solution solution = context.Solve(directive);
+                Report report = solution.GetReport();
+                Console.Write("{0}", report);
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Skipping unsolvable instance in {0} with error message '{1}'.", fileName, e.Message);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                context.ClearModel();
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void ConvertToSMT2(string fileName, Z3BaseDirective directive)
+        {
+            SolverContext context = SolverContext.GetContext();
+            try
+            {
+                LoadModel(context, fileName);
+
+                if (context.CurrentModel.Goals.Any())
+                {
+                    directive.SMT2LogFile = Path.ChangeExtension(fileName, ".smt2");
+                    context.Solve(() => true, directive);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Skipping unconvertable instance in {0} with error message '{1}'.", fileName, e.Message);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                context.ClearModel();
+            }       
+        }
+
+        static void ValidateZ3(string fileName, Z3BaseDirective directive)
+        {
+            SolverContext context = SolverContext.GetContext();
+            try
+            {
+                LoadModel(context, fileName);
+
+                if (context.CurrentModel.Goals.Any())
+                {
+                    var msfDirective = (directive is Z3MILPDirective) ? (Directive)new MixedIntegerProgrammingDirective() { TimeLimit = 10000 }
+                                            : (Directive)new Directive() { TimeLimit = 10000 };
+                    var sol1 = context.Solve(msfDirective);
+                    
+                    Console.WriteLine("Solved the model using MSF.");
+                    Console.Write("{0}", sol1.GetReport());
+                    var expectedGoals = sol1.Goals.Select(x => x.ToDouble());
+                    context.ClearModel();
+
+                    context.LoadModel(FileFormat.OML, Path.GetFullPath(fileName));
+                    directive.SMT2LogFile = Path.ChangeExtension(fileName, ".smt2");
+                    var sol2 = context.Solve(directive);
+                    //Console.Write("{0}", sol2.GetReport());
+                    var actualGoals = sol2.Goals.Select(x => x.ToDouble());
+
+                    Console.WriteLine("Solved the model using Z3.");
+                    var goalPairs = expectedGoals.Zip(actualGoals, (expected, actual) => new { expected, actual }).ToArray();
+                    bool validated = goalPairs.All(p => Math.Abs(p.expected - p.actual) <= 0.0001);
+                    if (validated)
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine("INFO: Two solvers give approximately the same results.");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Console.Error.WriteLine("ERROR: Discrepancy found between results.");
+                        if (!validated && File.Exists(directive.SMT2LogFile))
+                        {
+                            var sb = new StringBuilder();                            
+                            for(int i = 0; i < goalPairs.Length; i++)
+                            {
+                                sb.AppendFormat("\n(echo \"Goal {0}: actual |-> {1:0.0000}, expected |-> {2:0.0000}\")",
+                                    i + 1, goalPairs[i].actual, goalPairs[i].expected);
+                            }
+                            Console.Error.WriteLine(sb.ToString());
+                            File.AppendAllText(directive.SMT2LogFile, sb.ToString());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Ignoring this instance without having any goal.");
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Skipping unsolvable instance in {0} with error message '{1}'.", 
+                    fileName, e.Message);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                context.ClearModel();
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            Z3BaseDirective directive = new Z3MILPDirective();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; ++i) {
+                if (args[i] == "-s" || args[i] == "-solve")
+                {
+                    ExecuteZ3(args[i + 1], directive);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (args[i] == "-c" || args[i] == "-convert")
+                {
+                    ConvertToSMT2(args[i + 1], directive);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (args[i] == "-v" || args[i] == "-validate")
+                {
+                    ValidateZ3(args[i + 1], directive);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (args[i] == "-t" || args[i] == "-term")
+                {
+                    directive = new Z3TermDirective();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (args.Length > 0)
+            {
+                ExecuteZ3(args[0], directive);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Console.WriteLine(@"
+Validator is a simple command line to migrate benchmarks from OML, MPS and SMPS to SMT2 formats.
+
+Commands:
+    -solve <file_name> : solving the model using Z3
+    -convert <file_name> : converting the model into SMT2 format
+    -validate <file_name> : validating by comparing results between Z3 and MSF solvers
+    -term : change the default Z3 MILP solver to Z3 Term solver
+
+    where <file_name> is any file with OML, MPS or SMPS extension.
+
+Examples:
+    Validator.exe -convert model.mps
+    Validator.exe -term -solve model.oml
+
+");
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/msf/Validator/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following 
+// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
+// associated with an assembly.
+[assembly: AssemblyTitle("testSolver")]
+[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCompany("Microsoft")]
+[assembly: AssemblyProduct("testSolver")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © Microsoft 2009")]
+[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
+
+// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible 
+// to COM components.  If you need to access a type in this assembly from 
+// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
+[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
+
+// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
+[assembly: Guid("c03c1084-d119-483f-80fe-c639eae75959")]
+
+// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
+//
+//      Major Version
+//      Minor Version 
+//      Build Number
+//      Revision
+//
+// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers 
+// by using the '*' as shown below:
+// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
+[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
+[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]

examples/msf/Validator/Validator.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
+    <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
+    <ProductVersion>9.0.21022</ProductVersion>
+    <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
+    <ProjectGuid>{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}</ProjectGuid>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+    <RootNamespace>Validator</RootNamespace>
+    <AssemblyName>Validator</AssemblyName>
+    <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+    <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>    
+    <PublishUrl>publish\</PublishUrl>
+    <Install>true</Install>
+    <InstallFrom>Disk</InstallFrom>
+    <UpdateEnabled>false</UpdateEnabled>
+    <UpdateMode>Foreground</UpdateMode>
+    <UpdateInterval>7</UpdateInterval>
+    <UpdateIntervalUnits>Days</UpdateIntervalUnits>
+    <UpdatePeriodically>false</UpdatePeriodically>
+    <UpdateRequired>false</UpdateRequired>
+    <MapFileExtensions>true</MapFileExtensions>
+    <ApplicationRevision>0</ApplicationRevision>
+    <ApplicationVersion>1.0.0.%2a</ApplicationVersion>
+    <IsWebBootstrapper>false</IsWebBootstrapper>
+    <UseApplicationTrust>false</UseApplicationTrust>
+    <BootstrapperEnabled>true</BootstrapperEnabled>
+    <TargetFrameworkProfile />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x64' ">
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <OutputPath>bin\x64\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+    <CodeAnalysisUseTypeNameInSuppression>true</CodeAnalysisUseTypeNameInSuppression>
+    <CodeAnalysisModuleSuppressionsFile>GlobalSuppressions.cs</CodeAnalysisModuleSuppressionsFile>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x64' ">
+    <OutputPath>bin\x64\Release\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
+    <CodeAnalysisUseTypeNameInSuppression>true</CodeAnalysisUseTypeNameInSuppression>
+    <CodeAnalysisModuleSuppressionsFile>GlobalSuppressions.cs</CodeAnalysisModuleSuppressionsFile>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x86'">
+    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+    <OutputPath>bin\x86\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>MinimumRecommendedRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x86'">
+    <OutputPath>bin\x86\Release\</OutputPath>
+    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>MinimumRecommendedRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Reference Include="Microsoft.Solver.Foundation">
+      <HintPath>..\Microsoft.Solver.Foundation.dll</HintPath>
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Core">      
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq">      
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions">      
+    </Reference>
+    <Reference Include="System.Data" />
+    <Reference Include="System.Xml" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="Program.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="App.config" />
+    <None Include="MicrosoftSolverFoundationForExcel.dll.config" />
+  </ItemGroup>  
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3\SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.csproj">
+      <Project>{7340e664-f648-4ff7-89b2-f4da424996d3}</Project>
+      <Name>SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3</Name>
+    </ProjectReference>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
+  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
+       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
+  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
+  </Target>
+  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
+  </Target>
+  -->
+</Project>

examples/msf/Z3MSFPlugin.sln

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 2012
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3", "SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3\SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.csproj", "{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests", "SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests\SolverFoundation.Plugin.Z3.Tests.csproj", "{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Validator", "Validator\Validator.csproj", "{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}"
+EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Solution Items", "Solution Items", "{F1E99540-BA5E-46DF-9E29-6146A309CD18}"
+	ProjectSection(SolutionItems) = preProject
+		README = README
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		commercial_64|Any CPU = commercial_64|Any CPU
+		commercial_64|Mixed Platforms = commercial_64|Mixed Platforms
+		commercial_64|x64 = commercial_64|x64
+		commercial_64|x86 = commercial_64|x86
+		commercial|Any CPU = commercial|Any CPU
+		commercial|Mixed Platforms = commercial|Mixed Platforms
+		commercial|x64 = commercial|x64
+		commercial|x86 = commercial|x86
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Debug|Mixed Platforms = Debug|Mixed Platforms
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+		Release|Mixed Platforms = Release|Mixed Platforms
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+		Release|x86 = Release|x86
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial_64|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = commercial_64|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial_64|Any CPU.Build.0 = commercial_64|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial_64|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = commercial_64|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial_64|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = commercial_64|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial_64|x64.ActiveCfg = commercial_64|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial_64|x86.ActiveCfg = commercial_64|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial_64|x86.Build.0 = commercial_64|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = commercial|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial|Any CPU.Build.0 = commercial|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = commercial|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = commercial|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial|x64.ActiveCfg = commercial|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial|x86.ActiveCfg = commercial|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.commercial|x86.Build.0 = commercial|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+		{7340E664-F648-4FF7-89B2-F4DA424996D3}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|x86
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial_64|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial_64|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial_64|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial_64|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial_64|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial_64|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.commercial|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{280AEE2F-1FDB-4A27-BE37-14DC154C873B}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial_64|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial_64|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial_64|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial_64|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial_64|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial_64|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial_64|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial_64|x86.Build.0 = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.commercial|x86.Build.0 = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Debug|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Debug|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Debug|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Release|Mixed Platforms.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Release|Mixed Platforms.Build.0 = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+		{54835857-129F-44C9-B529-A42158647B36}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|x86
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

scripts/mk_project.py

@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ from mk_util import *
 
 # Z3 Project definition
 def init_project_def():
-    set_version(4, 3, 2, 0)
+    set_version(4, 3, 3, 0)
     add_lib('util', [])
     add_lib('polynomial', ['util'], 'math/polynomial')
     add_lib('sat', ['util'])
     add_lib('nlsat', ['polynomial', 'sat'])
     add_lib('hilbert', ['util'], 'math/hilbert')
+    add_lib('simplex', ['util'], 'math/simplex')
     add_lib('interval', ['util'], 'math/interval')
     add_lib('realclosure', ['interval'], 'math/realclosure')
     add_lib('subpaving', ['interval'], 'math/subpaving')
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ def init_project_def():
     add_lib('smt_params', ['ast', 'simplifier', 'pattern', 'bit_blaster'], 'smt/params')
     add_lib('proto_model', ['model', 'simplifier', 'smt_params'], 'smt/proto_model')
     add_lib('smt', ['bit_blaster', 'macros', 'normal_forms', 'cmd_context', 'proto_model',
-                    'substitution', 'grobner', 'euclid', 'proof_checker', 'pattern', 'parser_util', 'fpa'])
+                    'substitution', 'grobner', 'euclid', 'simplex', 'proof_checker', 'pattern', 'parser_util', 'fpa'])
     add_lib('user_plugin', ['smt'], 'smt/user_plugin')
     add_lib('bv_tactics', ['tactic', 'bit_blaster'], 'tactic/bv')
     add_lib('fuzzing', ['ast'], 'test/fuzzing')
@@ -61,25 +62,27 @@ def init_project_def():
     add_lib('muz', ['smt', 'sat', 'smt2parser', 'aig_tactic', 'qe'], 'muz/base')
     add_lib('transforms', ['muz', 'hilbert'], 'muz/transforms')
     add_lib('rel', ['muz', 'transforms'], 'muz/rel')
-    add_lib('pdr', ['muz', 'transforms', 'arith_tactics', 'smt_tactic'], 'muz/pdr')
+    add_lib('pdr', ['muz', 'transforms', 'arith_tactics', 'core_tactics', 'smt_tactic'], 'muz/pdr')
     add_lib('clp', ['muz', 'transforms'], 'muz/clp')
     add_lib('tab', ['muz', 'transforms'], 'muz/tab')
     add_lib('bmc', ['muz', 'transforms'], 'muz/bmc')
+    add_lib('ddnf', ['muz', 'transforms', 'rel'], 'muz/ddnf')
     add_lib('duality_intf', ['muz', 'transforms', 'duality'], 'muz/duality')
-    add_lib('fp',  ['muz', 'pdr', 'clp', 'tab', 'rel', 'bmc', 'duality_intf'], 'muz/fp')
+    add_lib('fp',  ['muz', 'pdr', 'clp', 'tab', 'rel', 'bmc', 'duality_intf', 'ddnf'], 'muz/fp')
     add_lib('smtlogic_tactics', ['arith_tactics', 'bv_tactics', 'nlsat_tactic', 'smt_tactic', 'aig_tactic', 'fp', 'muz','qe'], 'tactic/smtlogics')
     add_lib('ufbv_tactic', ['normal_forms', 'core_tactics', 'macros', 'smt_tactic', 'rewriter'], 'tactic/ufbv')
     add_lib('portfolio', ['smtlogic_tactics', 'ufbv_tactic', 'fpa_tactics', 'aig_tactic', 'fp',  'qe','sls_tactic', 'subpaving_tactic'], 'tactic/portfolio')
     add_lib('smtparser', ['portfolio'], 'parsers/smt')
+    add_lib('opt', ['smt', 'smtlogic_tactics', 'sls_tactic'], 'opt')
 #    add_dll('foci2', ['util'], 'interp/foci2stub', 
 #            dll_name='foci2', 
 #            export_files=['foci2stub.cpp'])
 #    add_lib('interp', ['solver','foci2'])
     API_files = ['z3_api.h', 'z3_algebraic.h', 'z3_polynomial.h', 'z3_rcf.h', 'z3_interp.h']
-    add_lib('api', ['portfolio', 'user_plugin', 'smtparser', 'realclosure', 'interp'],
+    add_lib('api', ['portfolio', 'user_plugin', 'smtparser', 'realclosure', 'interp', 'opt'],
             includes2install=['z3.h', 'z3_v1.h', 'z3_macros.h'] + API_files)
-    add_exe('shell', ['api', 'sat', 'extra_cmds'], exe_name='z3')
-    add_exe('test', ['api', 'fuzzing'], exe_name='test-z3', install=False)
+    add_exe('shell', ['api', 'sat', 'extra_cmds','opt'], exe_name='z3')
+    add_exe('test', ['api', 'fuzzing', 'simplex'], exe_name='test-z3', install=False)
     add_dll('api_dll', ['api', 'sat', 'extra_cmds'], 'api/dll', 
             reexports=['api'], 
             dll_name='libz3', 

scripts/update_api.py

@@ -979,6 +979,11 @@ def def_API(name, result, params):
                 log_c.write(" }\n")
                 log_c.write("  Au(a%s);\n" % sz)
                 exe_c.write("in.get_uint_array(%s)" % i)
+            elif ty == INT:
+                log_c.write("U(a%s[i]);" % i)
+                log_c.write(" }\n")
+                log_c.write("  Au(a%s);\n" % sz)
+                exe_c.write("in.get_int_array(%s)" % i)
             else:
                 error ("unsupported parameter for %s, %s" % (ty, name, p))
         elif kind == OUT_ARRAY:

src/api/api_ast.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include"bv_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"datatype_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"array_decl_plugin.h"
+#include"pb_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"ast_translation.h"
 #include"ast_pp.h"
 #include"ast_ll_pp.h"
@@ -1075,7 +1076,6 @@ extern "C" {
             case OP_BSREM_I:
             case OP_BUREM_I:
             case OP_BSMOD_I:
-
                 return Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED;
             default:
                 UNREACHABLE();
@@ -1084,9 +1084,10 @@ extern "C" {
         }
         if (mk_c(c)->get_dt_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
             switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR: return Z3_OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR;
-            case OP_DT_RECOGNISER:  return Z3_OP_DT_RECOGNISER;
-            case OP_DT_ACCESSOR:    return Z3_OP_DT_ACCESSOR;
+            case OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR:  return Z3_OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR;
+            case OP_DT_RECOGNISER:   return Z3_OP_DT_RECOGNISER;
+            case OP_DT_ACCESSOR:     return Z3_OP_DT_ACCESSOR;
+            case OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD: return Z3_OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD;
             default:
                 UNREACHABLE();
                 return Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED;
@@ -1124,6 +1125,15 @@ extern "C" {
             }
         }
 
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_pb_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
+            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
+            case OP_PB_LE: return Z3_OP_PB_LE;
+            case OP_PB_GE: return Z3_OP_PB_GE;
+            case OP_AT_MOST_K: return Z3_OP_PB_AT_MOST;
+            default: UNREACHABLE();
+            }
+        }
+
         return Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED;                
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED);
     }

src/api/api_config_params.cpp

@@ -37,9 +37,7 @@ extern "C" {
         catch (z3_exception & ex) {
             // The error handler is only available for contexts
             // Just throw a warning.
-            std::ostringstream buffer;
-            buffer << "Error setting " << param_id << ", " << ex.msg();
-            warning_msg(buffer.str().c_str());
+            warning_msg(ex.msg());
         }
     }
 
@@ -64,9 +62,7 @@ extern "C" {
         catch (z3_exception & ex) {
             // The error handler is only available for contexts
             // Just throw a warning.
-            std::ostringstream buffer;
-            buffer << "Error setting " << param_id << ": " << ex.msg();
-            warning_msg(buffer.str().c_str());
+            warning_msg(ex.msg());
             return Z3_FALSE;
         }
     }
@@ -92,9 +88,7 @@ extern "C" {
         catch (z3_exception & ex) {
             // The error handler is only available for contexts
             // Just throw a warning.
-            std::ostringstream buffer;
-            buffer << "Error setting " << param_id << ": " << ex.msg();
-            warning_msg(buffer.str().c_str());
+            warning_msg(ex.msg());
         }
     }
 

src/api/api_context.cpp

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ namespace api {
         m_basic_fid = m().get_basic_family_id();
         m_arith_fid = m().mk_family_id("arith");
         m_bv_fid    = m().mk_family_id("bv");
+        m_pb_fid    = m().mk_family_id("pb");
         m_array_fid = m().mk_family_id("array");
         m_dt_fid    = m().mk_family_id("datatype");
         m_datalog_fid = m().mk_family_id("datalog_relation");

src/api/api_context.h

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ namespace api {
         family_id                  m_bv_fid;
         family_id                  m_dt_fid;
         family_id                  m_datalog_fid;
+        family_id                  m_pb_fid;
         datatype_decl_plugin *     m_dt_plugin;
         
         std::string                m_string_buffer; // temporary buffer used to cache strings sent to the "external" world.
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ namespace api {
         family_id get_bv_fid() const { return m_bv_fid; }
         family_id get_dt_fid() const { return m_dt_fid; }
         family_id get_datalog_fid() const { return m_datalog_fid; }
+        family_id get_pb_fid() const { return m_pb_fid; }
         datatype_decl_plugin * get_dt_plugin() const { return m_dt_plugin; }
 
         Z3_error_code get_error_code() const { return m_error_code; }

src/api/api_datalog.cpp

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ namespace api {
                 return "unknown";
             }
         }
-        std::string to_string(unsigned num_queries, expr*const* queries) {
+        std::string to_string(unsigned num_queries, expr* const* queries) {
             std::stringstream str;
             m_context.display_smt2(num_queries, queries, str);
             return str.str();
@@ -466,13 +466,16 @@ extern "C" {
         ast_manager& m = mk_c(c)->m();
         Z3_ast_vector_ref* v = alloc(Z3_ast_vector_ref, m);
         mk_c(c)->save_object(v);
-        expr_ref_vector rules(m);
+        expr_ref_vector rules(m), queries(m);
         svector<symbol> names;
         
-        to_fixedpoint_ref(d)->ctx().get_rules_as_formulas(rules, names);
+        to_fixedpoint_ref(d)->ctx().get_rules_as_formulas(rules, queries, names);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < rules.size(); ++i) {
             v->m_ast_vector.push_back(rules[i].get());
         }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < queries.size(); ++i) {
+            v->m_ast_vector.push_back(m.mk_not(queries[i].get()));
+        }
         RETURN_Z3(of_ast_vector(v));
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
     }

src/api/api_datatype.cpp

@@ -618,4 +618,25 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
     }
 
+    Z3_ast Z3_datatype_update_field(
+        __in Z3_context c,  __in Z3_func_decl f, __in Z3_ast t, __in Z3_ast v) {        
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_datatype_update_field(c, f, t, v);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        ast_manager & m = mk_c(c)->m();
+        func_decl* _f      = to_func_decl(f);
+        expr* _t = to_expr(t);
+        expr* _v = to_expr(v);  
+        expr* args[2] = { _t, _v };
+        sort* domain[2] = { m.get_sort(_t), m.get_sort(_v) };
+        parameter param(_f);
+        func_decl * d = m.mk_func_decl(mk_c(c)->get_array_fid(), OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD, 1, &param, 2, domain);
+        app* r = m.mk_app(d, 2, args);
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(r);
+        check_sorts(c, r);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(r));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+
 };

src/api/api_opt.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    api_opt.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    API for optimization 
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-12-3.
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+#include<iostream>
+#include"z3.h"
+#include"api_log_macros.h"
+#include"api_stats.h"
+#include"api_context.h"
+#include"api_util.h"
+#include"api_model.h"
+#include"opt_context.h"
+#include"cancel_eh.h"
+#include"scoped_timer.h"
+
+
+extern "C" {
+
+    struct Z3_optimize_ref : public api::object {
+        opt::context* m_opt;
+        Z3_optimize_ref():m_opt(0) {}
+        virtual ~Z3_optimize_ref() { dealloc(m_opt); }
+    };
+    inline Z3_optimize_ref * to_optimize(Z3_optimize o) { return reinterpret_cast<Z3_optimize_ref *>(o); }
+    inline Z3_optimize of_optimize(Z3_optimize_ref * o) { return reinterpret_cast<Z3_optimize>(o); }
+    inline opt::context* to_optimize_ptr(Z3_optimize o) { return to_optimize(o)->m_opt; }
+
+    Z3_optimize Z3_API Z3_mk_optimize(Z3_context c) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_optimize(c);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        Z3_optimize_ref * o = alloc(Z3_optimize_ref);
+        o->m_opt = alloc(opt::context,mk_c(c)->m());
+        mk_c(c)->save_object(o);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_optimize(o));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_inc_ref(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_inc_ref(c, o);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        to_optimize(o)->inc_ref();
+        Z3_CATCH;
+    }
+
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_dec_ref(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_dec_ref(c, o);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        to_optimize(o)->dec_ref();
+        Z3_CATCH;
+    }
+    
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_assert(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_ast a) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_assert(c, o, a);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_FORMULA(a,);        
+        to_optimize_ptr(o)->add_hard_constraint(to_expr(a));
+        Z3_CATCH;
+    }
+
+    unsigned Z3_API Z3_optimize_assert_soft(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_ast a, Z3_string weight, Z3_symbol id) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_assert_soft(c, o, a, weight, id);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_FORMULA(a,0);        
+        rational w(weight);
+        return to_optimize_ptr(o)->add_soft_constraint(to_expr(a), w, to_symbol(id));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    unsigned Z3_API Z3_optimize_maximize(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_ast t) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_maximize(c, o, t);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_VALID_AST(t,0);        
+        return to_optimize_ptr(o)->add_objective(to_app(t), true);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    unsigned Z3_API Z3_optimize_minimize(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_ast t) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_minimize(c, o, t);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_VALID_AST(t,0);        
+        return to_optimize_ptr(o)->add_objective(to_app(t), false);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_push(Z3_context c,Z3_optimize d) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_push(c, d);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        to_optimize_ptr(d)->push();
+        Z3_CATCH;
+    }
+
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_pop(Z3_context c,Z3_optimize d) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_pop(c, d);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        to_optimize_ptr(d)->pop(1);
+        Z3_CATCH;
+    }
+
+
+    Z3_lbool Z3_API Z3_optimize_check(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_check(c, o);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        lbool r = l_undef;
+        cancel_eh<opt::context> eh(*to_optimize_ptr(o));
+        unsigned timeout = to_optimize_ptr(o)->get_params().get_uint("timeout", mk_c(c)->get_timeout());
+        api::context::set_interruptable si(*(mk_c(c)), eh);        
+        {
+            scoped_timer timer(timeout, &eh);
+            try {
+                r = to_optimize_ptr(o)->optimize();
+            }
+            catch (z3_exception& ex) {
+                mk_c(c)->handle_exception(ex);
+                r = l_undef;
+            }
+            // to_optimize_ref(d).cleanup();
+        }
+        return of_lbool(r);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(Z3_L_UNDEF);
+    }
+
+    Z3_model Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_model(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_get_model(c, o);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        model_ref _m;
+        to_optimize_ptr(o)->get_model(_m);
+        Z3_model_ref * m_ref = alloc(Z3_model_ref); 
+        if (_m) {
+            m_ref->m_model = _m;
+        }
+        else {
+            m_ref->m_model = alloc(model, mk_c(c)->m());
+        }
+        mk_c(c)->save_object(m_ref);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_model(m_ref));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_set_params(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_params p) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_set_params(c, o, p);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        param_descrs descrs;
+        to_optimize_ptr(o)->collect_param_descrs(descrs);
+        to_params(p)->m_params.validate(descrs);
+        params_ref pr = to_param_ref(p);
+        to_optimize_ptr(o)->updt_params(pr);
+        Z3_CATCH;
+    }
+    
+    Z3_param_descrs Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_param_descrs(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_get_param_descrs(c, o);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        Z3_param_descrs_ref * d = alloc(Z3_param_descrs_ref);
+        mk_c(c)->save_object(d);
+        to_optimize_ptr(o)->collect_param_descrs(d->m_descrs);
+        Z3_param_descrs r = of_param_descrs(d);
+        RETURN_Z3(r);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+    
+    // get lower value or current approximation
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_lower(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, unsigned idx) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_get_lower(c, o, idx);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        expr_ref e = to_optimize_ptr(o)->get_lower(idx);
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(e);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_expr(e));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    // get upper or current approximation
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_upper(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, unsigned idx) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_get_upper(c, o, idx);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        expr_ref e = to_optimize_ptr(o)->get_upper(idx);
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(e);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_expr(e));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    Z3_string Z3_API Z3_optimize_to_string(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_to_string(c, o);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        return mk_c(c)->mk_external_string(to_optimize_ptr(o)->to_string());
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN("");
+    }
+
+    Z3_string Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_help(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize d) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_get_help(c, d);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        std::ostringstream buffer;
+        param_descrs descrs;
+        to_optimize_ptr(d)->collect_param_descrs(descrs);
+        descrs.display(buffer);
+        return mk_c(c)->mk_external_string(buffer.str());
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN("");
+    }
+
+    Z3_stats Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_statistics(Z3_context c,Z3_optimize d) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_optimize_get_statistics(c, d);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        Z3_stats_ref * st = alloc(Z3_stats_ref);
+        to_optimize_ptr(d)->collect_statistics(st->m_stats);
+        mk_c(c)->save_object(st);
+        Z3_stats r = of_stats(st);
+        RETURN_Z3(r);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+
+
+};

src/api/api_pb.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    api_pb.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    API for pb theory
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-11-13.
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+#include<iostream>
+#include"z3.h"
+#include"api_log_macros.h"
+#include"api_context.h"
+#include"api_util.h"
+#include"pb_decl_plugin.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+    
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_atmost(Z3_context c, unsigned num_args, 
+                               Z3_ast const args[], unsigned k) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_atmost(c, num_args, args, k);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        parameter param(k);
+        pb_util util(mk_c(c)->m());
+        ast* a = util.mk_at_most_k(num_args, to_exprs(args), k);
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        check_sorts(c, a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_pble(Z3_context c, unsigned num_args, 
+                             Z3_ast const args[], int _coeffs[],
+                             int k) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_pble(c, num_args, args, _coeffs, k);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        pb_util util(mk_c(c)->m());
+        vector<rational> coeffs;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+            coeffs.push_back(rational(_coeffs[i]));
+        }
+        ast* a = util.mk_le(num_args, coeffs.c_ptr(), to_exprs(args), rational(k));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        check_sorts(c, a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+
+};

src/api/c++/z3++.h

@@ -1314,6 +1314,26 @@ namespace z3 {
         expr_vector assertions() const { Z3_ast_vector r = Z3_solver_get_assertions(ctx(), m_solver); check_error(); return expr_vector(ctx(), r); }
         expr proof() const { Z3_ast r = Z3_solver_get_proof(ctx(), m_solver); check_error(); return expr(ctx(), r); }
         friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, solver const & s) { out << Z3_solver_to_string(s.ctx(), s); return out; }
+
+        std::string to_smt2(char const* status = "unknown") {
+            array<Z3_ast> es(assertions());
+            Z3_ast const* fmls = es.ptr();
+            Z3_ast fml = 0;
+            unsigned sz = es.size();
+            if (sz > 0) {
+                --sz;
+                fml = fmls[sz];
+            }
+            else {
+                fml = ctx().bool_val(true);
+            }
+            return std::string(Z3_benchmark_to_smtlib_string(
+                                   ctx(),
+                                   "", "", status, "", 
+                                   sz, 
+                                   fmls, 
+                                   fml));
+        }
     };
 
     class goal : public object {
@@ -1513,6 +1533,62 @@ namespace z3 {
         }
     };
 
+    class optimize : public object {
+        Z3_optimize m_opt;
+    public:
+        class handle {
+            unsigned m_h;
+        public:
+            handle(unsigned h): m_h(h) {}
+            unsigned h() const { return m_h; }
+        };
+        optimize(context& c):object(c) { m_opt = Z3_mk_optimize(c); Z3_optimize_inc_ref(c, m_opt); }
+        ~optimize() { Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx(), m_opt); }
+        operator Z3_optimize() const { return m_opt; }
+        void add(expr const& e) {
+            assert(e.is_bool());
+            Z3_optimize_assert(ctx(), m_opt, e);
+        }
+        handle add(expr const& e, unsigned weight) {
+            assert(e.is_bool());
+            std::stringstream strm;
+            strm << weight; 
+            return handle(Z3_optimize_assert_soft(ctx(), m_opt, e, strm.str().c_str(), 0)); 
+        }
+        handle add(expr const& e, char const* weight) {
+            assert(e.is_bool());
+            return handle(Z3_optimize_assert_soft(ctx(), m_opt, e, weight, 0)); 
+        }
+        handle maximize(expr const& e) {
+            return handle(Z3_optimize_maximize(ctx(), m_opt, e));
+        }
+        handle minimize(expr const& e) {
+            return handle(Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx(), m_opt, e));
+        }
+        void push() {
+            Z3_optimize_push(ctx(), m_opt);
+        }
+        void pop() {
+            Z3_optimize_pop(ctx(), m_opt);
+        }
+        check_result check() { Z3_lbool r = Z3_optimize_check(ctx(), m_opt); check_error(); return to_check_result(r); }
+        model get_model() const { Z3_model m = Z3_optimize_get_model(ctx(), m_opt); check_error(); return model(ctx(), m); }
+        void set(params const & p) { Z3_optimize_set_params(ctx(), m_opt, p); check_error(); }
+        expr lower(handle const& h) {
+            Z3_ast r = Z3_optimize_get_lower(ctx(), m_opt, h.h());
+            check_error();
+            return expr(ctx(), r);
+        }
+        expr upper(handle const& h) {
+            Z3_ast r = Z3_optimize_get_upper(ctx(), m_opt, h.h());
+            check_error();
+            return expr(ctx(), r);
+        }
+        stats statistics() const { Z3_stats r = Z3_optimize_get_statistics(ctx(), m_opt); check_error(); return stats(ctx(), r); }        
+        friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, optimize const & s) { out << Z3_optimize_to_string(s.ctx(), s.m_opt); return out; }
+        std::string help() const { char const * r = Z3_optimize_get_help(ctx(), m_opt); check_error();  return r; }        
+    };
+
     inline tactic fail_if(probe const & p) {
         Z3_tactic r = Z3_tactic_fail_if(p.ctx(), p);
         p.check_error();

src/api/dotnet/Context.cs

@@ -449,6 +449,19 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             return MkDatatypeSorts(MkSymbols(names), c);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update a datatype field at expression t with value v.
+	/// The function performs a record update at t. The field
+	/// that is passed in as argument is updated with value v,
+	/// the remainig fields of t are unchanged.	
+        /// </summary>
+	public Expr MkUpdateField(FuncDecl field, Expr t, Expr v) 
+	{
+	    return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_datatype_update_field(
+	                                  nCtx, field.NativeObject,
+                                          t.NativeObject, v.NativeObject));		
+	}
+
         #endregion
         #endregion
 
@@ -2251,6 +2264,36 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         }
         #endregion
 
+        #region Pseudo-Boolean constraints
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create an at-most-k constraint.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BoolExpr MkAtMost(BoolExpr[] args, uint k) 
+        {
+           Contract.Requires(args != null);
+           Contract.Requires(Contract.Result<BoolExpr[]>() != null);
+           CheckContextMatch(args);
+           return new BoolExpr(this, Native.Z3_mk_atmost(nCtx, (uint) args.Length, 
+                                                          AST.ArrayToNative(args), k));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a pseudo-Boolean less-or-equal constraint.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BoolExpr MkPBLe(int[] coeffs, BoolExpr[] args, int k) 
+        {
+           Contract.Requires(args != null);
+           Contract.Requires(coeffs != null);
+           Contract.Requires(args.Length == coeffs.Length);
+           Contract.Requires(Contract.Result<BoolExpr[]>() != null);
+           CheckContextMatch(args);
+           return new BoolExpr(this, Native.Z3_mk_pble(nCtx, (uint) args.Length, 
+                                                          AST.ArrayToNative(args), 
+                                                          coeffs, k));
+        }
+        #endregion
+
         #region Numerals
 
         #region General Numerals
@@ -3438,6 +3481,18 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         }
         #endregion
 
+        #region Optimization
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create an Optimization context.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Optimize MkOptimize()
+        {
+            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<Optimize>() != null);
+
+            return new Optimize(this);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
 
         #region Miscellaneous
         /// <summary>
@@ -3594,6 +3649,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             Contract.Invariant(m_Statistics_DRQ != null);
             Contract.Invariant(m_Tactic_DRQ != null);
             Contract.Invariant(m_Fixedpoint_DRQ != null);
+            Contract.Invariant(m_Optimize_DRQ != null);
         }
 
         readonly private AST.DecRefQueue m_AST_DRQ = new AST.DecRefQueue();
@@ -3611,6 +3667,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         readonly private Statistics.DecRefQueue m_Statistics_DRQ = new Statistics.DecRefQueue();
         readonly private Tactic.DecRefQueue m_Tactic_DRQ = new Tactic.DecRefQueue();
         readonly private Fixedpoint.DecRefQueue m_Fixedpoint_DRQ = new Fixedpoint.DecRefQueue();
+        readonly private Optimize.DecRefQueue m_Optimize_DRQ = new Optimize.DecRefQueue();
 
         internal AST.DecRefQueue AST_DRQ { get { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<AST.DecRefQueue>() != null); return m_AST_DRQ; } }
         internal ASTMap.DecRefQueue ASTMap_DRQ { get { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<ASTMap.DecRefQueue>() != null); return m_ASTMap_DRQ; } }
@@ -3627,6 +3684,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         internal Statistics.DecRefQueue Statistics_DRQ { get { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<Statistics.DecRefQueue>() != null); return m_Statistics_DRQ; } }
         internal Tactic.DecRefQueue Tactic_DRQ { get { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<Tactic.DecRefQueue>() != null); return m_Tactic_DRQ; } }
         internal Fixedpoint.DecRefQueue Fixedpoint_DRQ { get { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<Fixedpoint.DecRefQueue>() != null); return m_Fixedpoint_DRQ; } }
+        internal Optimize.DecRefQueue Optimize_DRQ { get { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<Optimize.DecRefQueue>() != null); return m_Optimize_DRQ; } }
 
 
         internal long refCount = 0;
@@ -3670,6 +3728,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             Statistics_DRQ.Clear(this);
             Tactic_DRQ.Clear(this);
             Fixedpoint_DRQ.Clear(this);
+            Optimize_DRQ.Clear(this);
 
             m_boolSort = null;
             m_intSort = null;

src/api/dotnet/Deprecated.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    Deprecated.cs
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Expose deprecated features for use from the managed API 
+    those who use them for experiments.
+
+Author:
+
+    Christoph Wintersteiger (cwinter) 2012-03-15
+
+Notes:
+    
+--*/
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Z3
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The main interaction with Z3 happens via the Context.
+    /// </summary>
+    [ContractVerification(true)]
+    public class Deprecated 
+    {
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a backtracking point.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <seealso cref="Pop"/>
+         public static void Push(Context ctx) {
+             Native.Z3_push(ctx.nCtx);
+         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Backtracks <paramref name="n"/> backtracking points.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>Note that an exception is thrown if <paramref name="n"/> is not smaller than <c>NumScopes</c></remarks>
+        /// <seealso cref="Push"/>
+         public static void Pop(Context ctx, uint n = 1) {
+             Native.Z3_pop(ctx.nCtx, n);
+         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Assert a constraint (or multiple) into the solver.
+        /// </summary>        
+         public static void Assert(Context ctx, params BoolExpr[] constraints) 
+         {
+            Contract.Requires(constraints != null);
+            Contract.Requires(Contract.ForAll(constraints, c => c != null));
+
+            ctx.CheckContextMatch(constraints);
+            foreach (BoolExpr a in constraints)
+            {
+                Native.Z3_assert_cnstr(ctx.nCtx, a.NativeObject);
+            }
+         }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether the assertions in the context are consistent or not.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Status Check(Context ctx, List<BoolExpr> core, ref Model model, ref Expr proof, params Expr[] assumptions)
+        {
+            Z3_lbool r;
+            model = null;
+            proof = null;
+            if (assumptions == null || assumptions.Length == 0)
+                r = (Z3_lbool)Native.Z3_check(ctx.nCtx);
+            else {
+                IntPtr mdl = IntPtr.Zero, prf = IntPtr.Zero;
+                uint core_size = 0;
+                IntPtr[] native_core = new IntPtr[assumptions.Length];
+                r = (Z3_lbool)Native.Z3_check_assumptions(ctx.nCtx, 
+                                   (uint)assumptions.Length, AST.ArrayToNative(assumptions),
+                                   ref mdl, ref prf, ref core_size, native_core);
+
+                for (uint i = 0; i < core_size; i++)
+                    core.Add((BoolExpr)Expr.Create(ctx, native_core[i]));
+                if (mdl != IntPtr.Zero) {
+                    model = new Model(ctx, mdl);
+                }
+                if (prf != IntPtr.Zero) {
+                    proof = Expr.Create(ctx, prf);
+                }
+
+            }
+            switch (r)
+            {
+                case Z3_lbool.Z3_L_TRUE: return Status.SATISFIABLE;
+                case Z3_lbool.Z3_L_FALSE: return Status.UNSATISFIABLE;
+                default: return Status.UNKNOWN;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves an assignment to atomic propositions for a satisfiable context.
+        /// </summary>
+         public static BoolExpr GetAssignment(Context ctx) 
+         {
+             IntPtr x = Native.Z3_get_context_assignment(ctx.nCtx);
+             return (BoolExpr)Expr.Create(ctx, x);
+         }
+
+    }
+}

src/api/dotnet/Fixedpoint.cs

@@ -304,6 +304,19 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         }
 
         /// <summary>
+        /// Fixedpoint statistics.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Statistics Statistics
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<Statistics>() != null);
+
+                return new Statistics(Context, Native.Z3_fixedpoint_get_statistics(Context.nCtx, NativeObject));
+            }
+        }
+
+	/// <summary>
         /// Parse an SMT-LIB2 file with fixedpoint rules. 
         /// Add the rules to the current fixedpoint context. 
         /// Return the set of queries in the file.

src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.csproj

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
     <Optimize>false</Optimize>
-    <OutputPath>..\..\..\..\..\cwinter\bugs\z3bugs\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <OutputPath>..\Debug\</OutputPath>
     <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
     <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
-    <DocumentationFile>C:\cwinter\bugs\z3bugs\Debug\Microsoft.Z3.XML</DocumentationFile>
+    <DocumentationFile>..\Debug\Microsoft.Z3.XML</DocumentationFile>
     <CodeContractsEnableRuntimeChecking>False</CodeContractsEnableRuntimeChecking>
     <CodeContractsRuntimeOnlyPublicSurface>False</CodeContractsRuntimeOnlyPublicSurface>
     <CodeContractsRuntimeThrowOnFailure>True</CodeContractsRuntimeThrowOnFailure>
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x86'">
     <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
-    <OutputPath>..\..\..\..\..\cwinter\bugs\z3bugs\Debug\</OutputPath>
+    <OutputPath>..\x86\Debug\</OutputPath>
     <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <DebugType>full</DebugType>
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
     <CodeAnalysisRuleSet>MinimumRecommendedRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
     <CodeAnalysisRuleSetDirectories>;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Team Tools\Static Analysis Tools\\Rule Sets</CodeAnalysisRuleSetDirectories>
     <CodeAnalysisRuleDirectories>;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Team Tools\Static Analysis Tools\FxCop\\Rules</CodeAnalysisRuleDirectories>
-    <DocumentationFile>C:\cwinter\bugs\z3bugs\Debug\Microsoft.Z3.XML</DocumentationFile>
+    <DocumentationFile>..\x86\Debug\Microsoft.Z3.XML</DocumentationFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x86'">
     <OutputPath>bin\x86\Release\</OutputPath>

src/api/dotnet/Optimize.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    Optimize.cs
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Z3 Managed API: Optimizes
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-12-03
+
+Notes:
+    
+--*/
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Z3
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Object for managing optimizization context
+    /// </summary>
+    [ContractVerification(true)]
+    public class Optimize : Z3Object
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A string that describes all available optimize solver parameters.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Help
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<string>() != null);
+                return Native.Z3_optimize_get_help(Context.nCtx, NativeObject);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the optimize solver parameters.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Params Parameters
+        {
+            set
+            {
+                Contract.Requires(value != null);
+                Context.CheckContextMatch(value);
+                Native.Z3_optimize_set_params(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, value.NativeObject);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves parameter descriptions for Optimize solver.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ParamDescrs ParameterDescriptions
+        {
+            get { return new ParamDescrs(Context, Native.Z3_optimize_get_param_descrs(Context.nCtx, NativeObject)); }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Assert a constraint (or multiple) into the optimize solver.
+        /// </summary>        
+        public void Assert(params BoolExpr[] constraints)
+        {
+            Contract.Requires(constraints != null);
+            Contract.Requires(Contract.ForAll(constraints, c => c != null));
+
+            Context.CheckContextMatch(constraints);
+            foreach (BoolExpr a in constraints)
+            {
+                Native.Z3_optimize_assert(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, a.NativeObject);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Alias for Assert.
+        /// </summary>        
+        public void Add(params BoolExpr[] constraints)
+        {
+            Assert(constraints);
+        }
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Handle to objectives returned by objective functions.
+	/// </summary>
+	public class Handle 
+        {
+	    Optimize opt;
+	    uint     handle;
+	    internal Handle(Optimize opt, uint h) 
+	    {
+	        this.opt = opt;
+	        this.handle = h;
+	    }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Retrieve a lower bound for the objective handle.
+            /// </summary>        	   	
+	    public ArithExpr Lower
+	    {
+		get { return opt.GetLower(handle); }
+	    }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Retrieve an upper bound for the objective handle.
+            /// </summary>        	   	
+	    public ArithExpr Upper
+	    {
+		get { return opt.GetUpper(handle); }
+	    }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Retrieve the value of an objective.
+            /// </summary>        	   	
+	    public ArithExpr Value
+	    {
+		get { return Lower; }
+	    }
+	}
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Assert soft constraint
+        /// </summary>        
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Return an objective which associates with the group of constraints.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public Handle AssertSoft(BoolExpr constraint, uint weight, string group)
+        {
+            Context.CheckContextMatch(constraint);
+	        Symbol s = Context.MkSymbol(group);            
+	        return new Handle(this, Native.Z3_optimize_assert_soft(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, constraint.NativeObject, weight.ToString(), s.NativeObject));            
+        }
+
+	
+	///
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Check satisfiability of asserted constraints.
+	/// Produce a model that (when the objectives are bounded and 
+	/// don't use strict inequalities) meets the objectives.
+	/// </summary>
+	///
+        public Status Check() {
+	        Z3_lbool r = (Z3_lbool)Native.Z3_optimize_check(Context.nCtx, NativeObject);
+            switch (r)
+            {
+                case Z3_lbool.Z3_L_TRUE: 
+                    return Status.SATISFIABLE;
+                case Z3_lbool.Z3_L_FALSE: 
+                    return Status.UNSATISFIABLE;
+                default: 
+                    return Status.UNKNOWN;
+            }         
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a backtracking point.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <seealso cref="Pop"/>
+        public void Push()
+        {
+            Native.Z3_optimize_push(Context.nCtx, NativeObject);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Backtrack one backtracking point.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>Note that an exception is thrown if Pop is called without a corresponding <c>Push</c></remarks>
+        /// <seealso cref="Push"/>
+        public void Pop()
+        {
+            Native.Z3_optimize_pop(Context.nCtx, NativeObject);
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The model of the last <c>Check</c>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The result is <c>null</c> if <c>Check</c> was not invoked before,
+        /// if its results was not <c>SATISFIABLE</c>, or if model production is not enabled.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public Model Model
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                IntPtr x = Native.Z3_optimize_get_model(Context.nCtx, NativeObject);
+                if (x == IntPtr.Zero)
+                    return null;
+                else
+                    return new Model(Context, x);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Declare an arithmetical maximization objective.
+	/// Return a handle to the objective. The handle is used as
+	/// to retrieve the values of objectives after calling Check.
+        /// </summary>        	
+        public Handle MkMaximize(ArithExpr e) 
+        {
+	        return new Handle(this, Native.Z3_optimize_maximize(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, e.NativeObject));
+	    }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Declare an arithmetical minimization objective. 
+	/// Similar to MkMaximize.
+        /// </summary>        	
+        public Handle MkMinimize(ArithExpr e)
+        {
+	        return new Handle(this, Native.Z3_optimize_minimize(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, e.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieve a lower bound for the objective handle.
+        /// </summary>        	
+        private ArithExpr GetLower(uint index) 
+        {
+            return (ArithExpr)Expr.Create(Context, Native.Z3_optimize_get_lower(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, index));
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieve an upper bound for the objective handle.
+        /// </summary>        	
+        private ArithExpr GetUpper(uint index)
+        {
+            return (ArithExpr)Expr.Create(Context, Native.Z3_optimize_get_upper(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, index));
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Print the context to a string (SMT-LIB parseable benchmark).
+        /// </summary>        	
+        public override string ToString() 
+        {
+            return Native.Z3_optimize_to_string(Context.nCtx, NativeObject);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Optimize statistics.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Statistics Statistics
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<Statistics>() != null);
+
+                return new Statistics(Context, Native.Z3_optimize_get_statistics(Context.nCtx, NativeObject));
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        #region Internal
+        internal Optimize(Context ctx, IntPtr obj)
+            : base(ctx, obj)
+        {
+            Contract.Requires(ctx != null);
+        }
+        internal Optimize(Context ctx)
+            : base(ctx, Native.Z3_mk_optimize(ctx.nCtx))
+        {
+            Contract.Requires(ctx != null);
+        }
+
+        internal class DecRefQueue : IDecRefQueue
+        {
+            public override void IncRef(Context ctx, IntPtr obj)
+            {
+                Native.Z3_optimize_inc_ref(ctx.nCtx, obj);
+            }
+
+            public override void DecRef(Context ctx, IntPtr obj)
+            {
+                Native.Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx.nCtx, obj);
+            }
+        };
+
+        internal override void IncRef(IntPtr o)
+        {
+            Context.Optimize_DRQ.IncAndClear(Context, o);
+            base.IncRef(o);
+        }
+
+        internal override void DecRef(IntPtr o)
+        {
+            Context.Optimize_DRQ.Add(o);
+            base.DecRef(o);
+        }
+        #endregion
+    }
+}

src/api/dotnet/Params.cs

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             Native.Z3_params_set_symbol(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, name.NativeObject, value.NativeObject);
         }
 
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Adds a parameter setting.
         /// </summary>
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         /// </summary>
         public void Add(string name, string value)
         {
+            Contract.Requires(name != null);
             Contract.Requires(value != null);
 
             Native.Z3_params_set_symbol(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, Context.MkSymbol(name).NativeObject, Context.MkSymbol(value).NativeObject);

src/api/dotnet/Readme.NET35

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The default Z3 bindings for .NET are built for the .NET framework version 4.
+Should the need arise, it is also possible to build them for .NET 3.5; the
+instructions are as follows:
+
+In the project properties of Microsoft.Z3.csproj:
+- Under 'Application': Change Target framework to .NET Framework 3.5
+- Under 'Build': Add FRAMEWORK_LT_4 to the condidional compilation symbols
+- Remove the reference to System.Numerics
+- Install the NuGet Package "Microsoft Code Contracts for Net3.5"

src/api/java/Context.java

@@ -375,6 +375,23 @@ public class Context extends IDisposable
         return mkDatatypeSorts(MkSymbols(names), c);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Update a datatype field at expression t with value v.
+     * The function performs a record update at t. The field
+     * that is passed in as argument is updated with value v,
+     * the remainig fields of t are unchanged.	
+     **/
+    public Expr MkUpdateField(FuncDecl field, Expr t, Expr v) 
+            throws Z3Exception
+    {
+	return Expr.create
+	    (this, 
+	     Native.datatypeUpdateField
+	     (nCtx(), field.getNativeObject(),
+	      t.getNativeObject(), v.getNativeObject()));		
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Creates a new function declaration.
      **/

src/api/java/Fixedpoint.java

@@ -319,6 +319,18 @@ public class Fixedpoint extends Z3Object
         return res;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Fixedpoint statistics.
+     * 
+     * @throws Z3Exception
+     **/
+    public Statistics getStatistics() throws Z3Exception
+    {
+        return new Statistics(getContext(), Native.fixedpointGetStatistics(
+                getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+
     Fixedpoint(Context ctx, long obj) throws Z3Exception
     {
         super(ctx, obj);

src/api/python/z3.py

@@ -298,9 +298,8 @@ class AstRef(Z3PPObject):
         return self.ast
 
     def get_id(self):
-	"""Return unique identifier for object. It can be used for hash-tables and maps."""
-	return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
-
+        """Return unique identifier for object. It can be used for hash-tables and maps."""
+        return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
 
     def ctx_ref(self):
         """Return a reference to the C context where this AST node is stored."""
@@ -453,8 +452,7 @@ class SortRef(AstRef):
         return Z3_sort_to_ast(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast)
 
     def get_id(self):
-	return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
-
+        return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
 
     def kind(self):
         """Return the Z3 internal kind of a sort. This method can be used to test if `self` is one of the Z3 builtin sorts.
@@ -555,6 +553,8 @@ def _to_sort_ref(s, ctx):
         return ArraySortRef(s, ctx)
     elif k == Z3_DATATYPE_SORT:
         return DatatypeSortRef(s, ctx)
+    elif k == Z3_FINITE_DOMAIN_SORT:
+	return FiniteDomainSortRef(s, ctx)
     return SortRef(s, ctx)
 
 def _sort(ctx, a):
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ class FuncDeclRef(AstRef):
         return Z3_func_decl_to_ast(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast)
 
     def get_id(self):
-	return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
+        return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
 
     def as_func_decl(self):
         return self.ast
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ class ExprRef(AstRef):
         return self.ast
 
     def get_id(self):
-	return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
+        return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
 
     def sort(self):
         """Return the sort of expression `self`.
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ class PatternRef(ExprRef):
         return Z3_pattern_to_ast(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast)
 
     def get_id(self):
-	return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
+        return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
 
 def is_pattern(a):
     """Return `True` if `a` is a Z3 pattern (hint for quantifier instantiation.
@@ -1605,7 +1605,7 @@ class QuantifierRef(BoolRef):
         return self.ast
 
     def get_id(self):
-	return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
+        return Z3_get_ast_id(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
 
     def sort(self):
         """Return the Boolean sort."""
@@ -6033,22 +6033,20 @@ class Solver(Z3PPObject):
         return Z3_solver_to_string(self.ctx.ref(), self.solver)
 
     def to_smt2(self):
-	"""return SMTLIB2 formatted benchmark for solver's assertions"""
-	es = self.assertions()
-	sz = len(es)
-	sz1 = sz
-	if sz1 > 0:
-	    sz1 -= 1
-	v = (Ast * sz1)()
-	for i in range(sz1):
-	    v[i] = es[i].as_ast()
-	if sz > 0:
-	    e = es[sz1].as_ast()
-	else:
-	    e = BoolVal(True, self.ctx).as_ast()
-	return Z3_benchmark_to_smtlib_string(self.ctx.ref(), "benchmark generated from python API", "", "unknown", "", sz1, v, e)
-
-
+        """return SMTLIB2 formatted benchmark for solver's assertions"""
+        es = self.assertions()
+        sz = len(es)
+        sz1 = sz
+        if sz1 > 0:
+            sz1 -= 1
+        v = (Ast * sz1)()
+        for i in range(sz1):
+            v[i] = es[i].as_ast()
+        if sz > 0:
+            e = es[sz1].as_ast()
+        else:
+            e = BoolVal(True, self.ctx).as_ast()
+            return Z3_benchmark_to_smtlib_string(self.ctx.ref(), "benchmark generated from python API", "", "unknown", "", sz1, v, e)
 
 def SolverFor(logic, ctx=None):
     """Create a solver customized for the given logic. 
@@ -6166,7 +6164,7 @@ class Fixedpoint(Z3PPObject):
             Z3_fixedpoint_add_rule(self.ctx.ref(), self.fixedpoint, head.as_ast(), name)            
         else:
             body = _get_args(body)
-            f    = self.abstract(Implies(And(body),head))
+            f    = self.abstract(Implies(And(body, self.ctx),head))
             Z3_fixedpoint_add_rule(self.ctx.ref(), self.fixedpoint, f.as_ast(), name)
         
     def rule(self, head, body = None, name = None):
@@ -6183,7 +6181,7 @@ class Fixedpoint(Z3PPObject):
         """
         query = _get_args(query)
         sz = len(query)
-        if sz >= 1 and isinstance(query[0], FuncDecl):            
+        if sz >= 1 and isinstance(query[0], FuncDeclRef):            
             _decls = (FuncDecl * sz)()
             i = 0
             for q in query:
@@ -6194,7 +6192,7 @@ class Fixedpoint(Z3PPObject):
             if sz == 1:
                 query = query[0]
             else:
-                query = And(query)
+                query = And(query, self.ctx)
             query = self.abstract(query, False)
             r = Z3_fixedpoint_query(self.ctx.ref(), self.fixedpoint, query.as_ast())
         return CheckSatResult(r)
@@ -6213,7 +6211,7 @@ class Fixedpoint(Z3PPObject):
             name = ""
         name = to_symbol(name, self.ctx)
         body = _get_args(body)
-        f    = self.abstract(Implies(And(body),head))
+        f    = self.abstract(Implies(And(body, self.ctx),head))
         Z3_fixedpoint_update_rule(self.ctx.ref(), self.fixedpoint, f.as_ast(), name)
 
     def get_answer(self):       
@@ -6310,6 +6308,166 @@ class Fixedpoint(Z3PPObject):
         else:
             return Exists(self.vars, fml)
 
+
+#########################################
+#
+# Finite domain sorts
+#
+#########################################
+
+class FiniteDomainSortRef(SortRef):
+    """Finite domain sort."""
+
+    def size(self):
+	"""Return the size of the finite domain sort"""
+	r = (ctype.c_ulonglong * 1)()
+	if Z3_get_finite_domain_sort_size(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast(), r):
+	    return r[0]
+	else:
+	    raise Z3Exception("Failed to retrieve finite domain sort size")
+
+def FiniteDomainSort(name, sz, ctx=None):
+    """Create a named finite domain sort of a given size sz"""
+    ctx = _get_ctx(ctx)
+    return FiniteDomainSortRef(Z3_mk_finite_domain_sort(ctx.ref(), name, sz), ctx)
+
+#########################################
+#
+# Optimize
+#
+#########################################
+
+class OptimizeObjective:
+    def __init__(self, opt, value, is_max):
+	self._opt = opt
+	self._value = value
+	self._is_max = is_max
+
+    def lower(self):
+	opt = self._opt
+	return _to_expr_ref(Z3_optimize_get_lower(opt.ctx.ref(), opt.optimize, self._value), opt.ctx)
+    
+    def upper(self):
+	opt = self._opt
+	return _to_expr_ref(Z3_optimize_get_upper(opt.ctx.ref(), opt.optimize, self._value), opt.ctx)
+
+    def value(self):
+	if self._is_max:
+	    return self.upper()
+	else:
+	    return self.lower()
+
+class Optimize(Z3PPObject):
+    """Optimize API provides methods for solving using objective functions and weighted soft constraints"""
+     
+    def __init__(self, ctx=None):
+        self.ctx    = _get_ctx(ctx)
+	self.optimize = Z3_mk_optimize(self.ctx.ref())
+        Z3_optimize_inc_ref(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize)
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if self.optimize != None:
+            Z3_optimize_dec_ref(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize)
+
+    def set(self, *args, **keys):
+        """Set a configuration option. The method `help()` return a string containing all available options.        
+        """
+        p = args2params(args, keys, self.ctx)
+        Z3_optimize_set_params(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize, p.params)
+
+    def help(self):
+        """Display a string describing all available options."""
+        print(Z3_optimize_get_help(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize))
+            
+    def param_descrs(self):
+        """Return the parameter description set."""
+        return ParamDescrsRef(Z3_optimize_get_param_descrs(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize), self.ctx)
+    
+    def assert_exprs(self, *args):
+        """Assert constraints as background axioms for the optimize solver."""
+        args = _get_args(args)
+        for arg in args:
+            if isinstance(arg, Goal) or isinstance(arg, AstVector):
+                for f in arg:
+                    Z3_optimize_assert(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize, f.as_ast())
+            else:
+                Z3_optimize_assert(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize, arg.as_ast())
+
+    def add(self, *args):
+        """Assert constraints as background axioms for the optimize solver. Alias for assert_expr."""
+        self.assert_exprs(*args)
+
+    def add_soft(self, arg, weight = "1", id = None):
+	"""Add soft constraint with optional weight and optional identifier.
+	   If no weight is supplied, then the penalty for violating the soft constraint
+	   is 1.
+	   Soft constraints are grouped by identifiers. Soft constraints that are
+	   added without identifiers are grouped by default.
+	"""
+	if _is_int(weight):
+	    weight = "%d" % weight
+	if not isinstance(weight, str):
+	    raise Z3Exception("weight should be a string or an integer")
+	if id == None:
+	    id = ""
+	id = to_symbol(id, self.ctx)
+	v = Z3_optimize_assert_soft(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize, arg.as_ast(), weight, id)
+	return OptimizeObjective(self, v, False)
+
+    def maximize(self, arg):
+	"""Add objective function to maximize."""
+	return OptimizeObjective(self, Z3_optimize_maximize(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize, arg.as_ast()), True)
+
+    def minimize(self, arg):
+	"""Add objective function to minimize."""
+	return OptimizeObjective(self, Z3_optimize_minimize(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize, arg.as_ast()), False)
+
+    def push(self):
+        """create a backtracking point for added rules, facts and assertions"""
+        Z3_optimize_push(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize)
+
+    def pop(self):
+        """restore to previously created backtracking point"""
+        Z3_optimize_pop(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize)
+
+    def check(self):
+	"""Check satisfiability while optimizing objective functions."""
+	return CheckSatResult(Z3_optimize_check(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize))
+
+    def model(self):
+	"""Return a model for the last check()."""
+	try:
+	    return ModelRef(Z3_optimize_get_model(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize), self.ctx)
+	except Z3Exception:
+	    raise Z3Exception("model is not available")
+
+    def lower(self, obj):
+	if not isinstance(obj, OptimizeObjective):
+	    raise Z3Exception("Expecting objective handle returned by maximize/minimize")
+	return obj.lower()
+
+    def upper(self, obj):
+	if not isinstance(obj, OptimizeObjective):
+	    raise Z3Exception("Expecting objective handle returned by maximize/minimize")
+	return obj.upper()
+    
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Return a formatted string with all added rules and constraints."""
+        return self.sexpr()
+
+    def sexpr(self):
+        """Return a formatted string (in Lisp-like format) with all added constraints. We say the string is in s-expression format.        
+        """
+        return Z3_optimize_to_string(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize)
+    
+    def statistics(self):
+        """Return statistics for the last `query()`.
+        """
+        return Statistics(Z3_optimize_get_statistics(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize), self.ctx)
+
+
+        
+
 #########################################
 #
 # ApplyResult

src/api/python/z3printer.py

@@ -842,6 +842,8 @@ class Formatter:
             return self.pp_seq(a.assertions(), 0, [])
         elif isinstance(a, z3.Fixedpoint):
             return a.sexpr()
+        elif isinstance(a, z3.Optimize):
+            return a.sexpr()
         elif isinstance(a, z3.ApplyResult):
             return self.pp_seq_seq(a, 0, [])
         elif isinstance(a, z3.ModelRef):

src/api/python/z3types.py

@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@ class FixedpointObj(ctypes.c_void_p):
   def __init__(self, fixedpoint): self._as_parameter_ = fixedpoint
   def from_param(obj): return obj
 
+class OptimizeObj(ctypes.c_void_p):
+  def __init__(self, optimize): self._as_parameter_ = optimize
+  def from_param(obj): return obj
+
 class ModelObj(ctypes.c_void_p):
   def __init__(self, model): self._as_parameter_ = model
   def from_param(obj): return obj

src/api/z3_api.h

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ DEFINE_TYPE(Z3_func_interp);
 #define Z3_func_interp_opt Z3_func_interp
 DEFINE_TYPE(Z3_func_entry);
 DEFINE_TYPE(Z3_fixedpoint);
+DEFINE_TYPE(Z3_optimize);
 DEFINE_TYPE(Z3_rcf_num);
 DEFINE_VOID(Z3_theory_data);
 #endif
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ DEFINE_VOID(Z3_theory_data);
    - \c Z3_func_interp: interpretation of a function in a model.
    - \c Z3_func_entry: representation of the value of a \c Z3_func_interp at a particular point.
    - \c Z3_fixedpoint: context for the recursive predicate solver.
+   - \c Z3_optimize: context for solving optimization queries.
    - \c Z3_ast_vector: vector of \c Z3_ast objects.
    - \c Z3_ast_map: mapping from \c Z3_ast to \c Z3_ast objects.
    - \c Z3_goal: set of formulas that can be solved and/or transformed using tactics and solvers.
@@ -875,6 +877,17 @@ typedef enum
 
       - Z3_OP_DT_ACCESSOR: datatype accessor.
 
+      - Z3_OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD: datatype field update.
+
+      - Z3_OP_PB_AT_MOST: Cardinality constraint. 
+              E.g., x + y + z <= 2
+      
+      - Z3_OP_PB_LE: Generalized Pseudo-Boolean cardinality constraint.
+              Example  2*x + 3*y <= 4
+
+      - Z3_OP_PB_GE: Generalized Pseudo-Boolean cardinality constraint.
+              Example  2*x + 3*y + 2*z >= 4
+
       - Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED: kind used for uninterpreted symbols.
 */
 typedef enum {
@@ -1055,6 +1068,12 @@ typedef enum {
     Z3_OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR=0x800,
     Z3_OP_DT_RECOGNISER,
     Z3_OP_DT_ACCESSOR,
+    Z3_OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD,
+
+    // Pseudo Booleans
+    Z3_OP_PB_AT_MOST=0x900,
+    Z3_OP_PB_LE,
+    Z3_OP_PB_GE,
 
     Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED         
 } Z3_decl_kind;
@@ -1192,6 +1211,7 @@ typedef enum
   def_Type('FUNC_INTERP',      'Z3_func_interp',      'FuncInterpObj')
   def_Type('FUNC_ENTRY',       'Z3_func_entry',       'FuncEntryObj')
   def_Type('FIXEDPOINT',       'Z3_fixedpoint',       'FixedpointObj')
+  def_Type('OPTIMIZE',         'Z3_optimize',         'OptimizeObj')
   def_Type('PARAM_DESCRS',     'Z3_param_descrs',     'ParamDescrs')
   def_Type('RCF_NUM',          'Z3_rcf_num',          'RCFNumObj')
 */
@@ -3734,6 +3754,28 @@ END_MLAPI_EXCLUDE
     Z3_func_decl Z3_API Z3_get_datatype_sort_constructor_accessor(
         __in Z3_context c, __in Z3_sort t, unsigned idx_c, unsigned idx_a);
 
+    /**
+       \brief Update record field with a value.
+
+       This corresponds to the 'with' construct in OCaml. 
+       It has the effect of updating a record field with a given value.
+       The remaining fields are left unchanged. It is the record
+       equivalent of an array store (see \sa Z3_mk_store).
+       If the datatype has more than one constructor, then the update function
+       behaves as identity if there is a miss-match between the accessor and
+       constructor. For example ((_ update-field car) nil 1) is nil, 
+       while ((_ update-field car) (cons 2 nil) 1) is (cons 1 nil).
+
+
+       \pre Z3_get_sort_kind(Z3_get_sort(c, t)) == Z3_get_domain(c, field_access, 1) == Z3_DATATYPE_SORT
+       \pre Z3_get_sort(c, value) == Z3_get_range(c, field_access)
+
+
+       def_API('Z3_datatype_update_field', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(FUNC_DECL), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_datatype_update_field(
+        __in Z3_context c,  __in Z3_func_decl field_access, 
+        __in Z3_ast t, __in Z3_ast value);
 
     /**
         \brief Return arity of relation.
@@ -3759,6 +3801,29 @@ END_MLAPI_EXCLUDE
     Z3_sort Z3_API Z3_get_relation_column(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_sort s, unsigned col);
 
 
+    /**
+       \brief Pseudo-Boolean relations.
+
+       Encode p1 + p2 + ... + pn <= k
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_atmost', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(UINT), _in_array(1,AST), _in(UINT)))
+    */
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_atmost(__in Z3_context c, __in unsigned num_args, 
+                               __in_ecount(num_args) Z3_ast const args[], __in unsigned k);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Pseudo-Boolean relations.
+
+       Encode k1*p1 + k2*p2 + ... + kn*pn <= k
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_pble', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(UINT), _in_array(1,AST), _in_array(1,INT), _in(INT)))
+    */
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_pble(__in Z3_context c, __in unsigned num_args, 
+                             __in_ecount(num_args) Z3_ast const args[], __in_ecount(num_args) int coeffs[],
+                             __in int k);
+
     /**
        \mlonly {3 {L Function Declarations}} \endmlonly
     */
@@ -3988,6 +4053,12 @@ END_MLAPI_EXCLUDE
 
     /**
         \brief Return a unique identifier for \c t.
+        The identifier is unique up to structural equality. Thus, two ast nodes
+        created by the same context and having the same children and same function symbols
+        have the same identifiers. Ast nodes created in the same context, but having
+        different children or different functions have different identifiers.
+        Variables and quantifiers are also assigned different identifiers according to
+        their structure.        
         \mlonly \remark Implicitly used by [Pervasives.compare] for values of type [ast], [app], [sort], [func_decl], and [pattern]. \endmlonly
 
         def_API('Z3_get_ast_id', UINT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
@@ -3996,6 +4067,8 @@ END_MLAPI_EXCLUDE
 
     /**
        \brief Return a hash code for the given AST.
+       The hash code is structural. You can use Z3_get_ast_id interchangably with 
+       this function.
        \mlonly \remark Implicitly used by [Hashtbl.hash] for values of type [ast], [app], [sort], [func_decl], and [pattern]. \endmlonly
 
        def_API('Z3_get_ast_hash', UINT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
@@ -5904,6 +5977,197 @@ END_MLAPI_EXCLUDE
 #endif
 #endif
 
+
+
+#ifdef CorML4
+    /**
+        @name Optimize facilities
+    */
+    /*@{*/
+
+    /**
+       \brief Create a new optimize context. 
+       
+       \conly \remark User must use #Z3_optimize_inc_ref and #Z3_optimize_dec_ref to manage optimize objects.
+       \conly Even if the context was created using #Z3_mk_context instead of #Z3_mk_context_rc.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_optimize', OPTIMIZE, (_in(CONTEXT), ))
+    */
+    Z3_optimize Z3_API Z3_mk_optimize(__in Z3_context c);
+
+#ifdef Conly
+    /**
+       \brief Increment the reference counter of the given optimize context
+       
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_inc_ref', VOID, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_inc_ref(__in Z3_context c,__in Z3_optimize d);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Decrement the reference counter of the given optimize context.
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_dec_ref', VOID, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_dec_ref(__in Z3_context c,__in Z3_optimize d);
+#endif
+
+    /**
+       \brief Assert hard constraint to the optimization context.
+       
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_assert', VOID, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_assert(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_ast a);
+
+
+    /**
+       \brief Assert soft constraint to the optimization context.
+       \param c - context
+       \param o - optimization context
+       \param a - formula
+       \param weight - a positive weight, penalty for violating soft constraint
+       \param id - optional identifier to group soft constraints
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_assert_soft', UINT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE), _in(AST), _in(STRING), _in(SYMBOL)))
+    */
+    unsigned Z3_API Z3_optimize_assert_soft(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_ast a, Z3_string weight, Z3_symbol id);
+
+
+    /**
+       \brief Add a maximization constraint.
+       \param c - context
+       \param o - optimization context
+       \param a - arithmetical term       
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_maximize', UINT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    unsigned Z3_API Z3_optimize_maximize(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_ast t);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Add a minimization constraint.
+       \param c - context
+       \param o - optimization context
+       \param a - arithmetical term   
+    
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_minimize', UINT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    unsigned Z3_API Z3_optimize_minimize(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_ast t);
+
+
+    /**
+       \brief Create a backtracking point.
+       
+       The optimize solver contains a set of rules, added facts and assertions.
+       The set of rules, facts and assertions are restored upon calling #Z3_optimize_pop.
+
+       \sa Z3_optimize_pop
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_push', VOID, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_push(Z3_context c,Z3_optimize d);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Backtrack one level.
+       
+       \sa Z3_optimize_push
+
+       \pre The number of calls to pop cannot exceed calls to push.
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_pop', VOID, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_pop(Z3_context c,Z3_optimize d);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Check consistency and produce optimal values.
+       \param c - context
+       \param o - optimization context
+       
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_check', INT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    Z3_lbool Z3_API Z3_optimize_check(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o);
+
+
+    /**
+       \brief Retrieve the model for the last #Z3_optimize_check
+
+       The error handler is invoked if a model is not available because 
+       the commands above were not invoked for the given optimization 
+       solver, or if the result was \c Z3_L_FALSE.
+       
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_get_model', MODEL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    Z3_model Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_model(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Set parameters on optimization context.       
+
+       \param c - context
+       \param o - optimization context
+       \param p - parameters
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_set_params', VOID, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE), _in(PARAMS)))
+    */
+    void Z3_API Z3_optimize_set_params(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, Z3_params p);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the parameter description set for the given optimize object.
+
+       \param c - context
+       \param o - optimization context
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_get_param_descrs', PARAM_DESCRS, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */    
+    Z3_param_descrs Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_param_descrs(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Retrieve lower bound value or approximation for the i'th optimization objective.
+
+       \param c - context
+       \param o - optimization context
+       \param idx - index of optimization objective
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_get_lower', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE), _in(UINT)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_lower(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, unsigned idx);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Retrieve upper bound value or approximation for the i'th optimization objective.
+
+       \param c - context
+       \param o - optimization context
+       \param idx - index of optimization objective
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_get_upper', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE), _in(UINT)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_upper(Z3_context c, Z3_optimize o, unsigned idx);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Print the current context as a string.
+       \param c - context.
+       \param o - optimization context.
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_to_string', STRING, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    Z3_string Z3_API Z3_optimize_to_string(
+        __in Z3_context c, 
+        __in Z3_optimize o);
+
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return a string containing a description of parameters accepted by optimize.
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_get_help', STRING, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    Z3_string Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_help(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_optimize t);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Retrieve statistics information from the last call to #Z3_optimize_check
+
+       def_API('Z3_optimize_get_statistics', STATS, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(OPTIMIZE)))
+    */
+    Z3_stats Z3_API Z3_optimize_get_statistics(__in Z3_context c,__in Z3_optimize d);
+
+
+#endif
+
 #ifdef CorML4
     /*@}*/
     

src/api/z3_replayer.cpp

@@ -22,12 +22,14 @@ Notes:
 #include"stream_buffer.h"
 #include"symbol.h"
 #include"trace.h"
+#include<sstream>
 
 void register_z3_replayer_cmds(z3_replayer & in);
 
+
 void throw_invalid_reference() {
     TRACE("z3_replayer", tout << "invalid argument reference\n";);
-    throw z3_replayer_exception("invalid argument reference");
+    throw z3_replayer_exception("invalid argument reference1");
 }
 
 struct z3_replayer::imp {
@@ -44,7 +46,37 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
     size_t_map<void *>       m_heap;
     svector<z3_replayer_cmd> m_cmds;
 
-    enum value_kind { INT64, UINT64, DOUBLE, STRING, SYMBOL, OBJECT, UINT_ARRAY, SYMBOL_ARRAY, OBJECT_ARRAY };
+    enum value_kind { INT64, UINT64, DOUBLE, STRING, SYMBOL, OBJECT, UINT_ARRAY, INT_ARRAY, SYMBOL_ARRAY, OBJECT_ARRAY };
+
+    char const* kind2string(value_kind k) const {
+        switch (k) {
+        case INT64: return "int64";
+        case UINT64: return "uint64";
+        case DOUBLE: return "double";
+        case STRING: return "string";
+        case SYMBOL: return "symbol";
+        case OBJECT: return "object";
+        case UINT_ARRAY: return "uint_array";
+        case INT_ARRAY: return "int_array";
+        case SYMBOL_ARRAY: return "symbol_array";
+        case OBJECT_ARRAY: return "object_array";
+        default: UNREACHABLE(); return "unknown";
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    void check_arg(unsigned pos, value_kind k) const {
+        if (pos >= m_args.size()) {
+            TRACE("z3_replayer", tout << "too few arguments " << m_args.size() << " expecting " << kind2string(k) << "\n";);
+            throw z3_replayer_exception("invalid argument reference2");
+        }
+        if (m_args[pos].m_kind != k) {
+            std::stringstream strm;
+            strm << "expecting " << kind2string(k) << " at position " 
+                 << pos << " but got " << kind2string(m_args[pos].m_kind);
+            throw z3_replayer_exception(strm.str().c_str());
+        }
+    }
 
     struct value { 
         value_kind m_kind;
@@ -68,6 +100,7 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
     vector<ptr_vector<void> >   m_obj_arrays;
     vector<svector<Z3_symbol> > m_sym_arrays;
     vector<unsigned_vector>     m_unsigned_arrays;
+    vector<svector<int> >       m_int_arrays;
 
     imp(z3_replayer & o, std::istream & in):
         m_owner(o),
@@ -295,6 +328,15 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
                 v.push_back(static_cast<unsigned>(m_args[i].m_uint));
             }
         }
+        if (k == INT64) {
+            aidx = m_int_arrays.size();
+            nk   = INT_ARRAY;
+            m_int_arrays.push_back(svector<int>());
+            svector<int> & v = m_int_arrays.back();
+            for (unsigned i = asz - sz; i < asz; i++) {
+                v.push_back(static_cast<int>(m_args[i].m_int));
+            }
+        }
         else if (k == SYMBOL) {
             aidx = m_sym_arrays.size();
             nk   = SYMBOL_ARRAY;
@@ -457,8 +499,7 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
                 next(); skip_blank(); read_ptr(); skip_blank(); read_uint64();
                 unsigned pos = static_cast<unsigned>(m_uint64);
                 TRACE("z3_replayer", tout << "[" << m_line << "] " << "* " << m_ptr << " " << pos << "\n";);
-                if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != OBJECT)
-                    throw_invalid_reference();
+                check_arg(pos, OBJECT);
                 m_heap.insert(m_ptr, m_args[pos].m_obj);
                 break;
             }
@@ -467,8 +508,7 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
                 // @ obj_id array_pos idx
                 next(); skip_blank(); read_ptr(); skip_blank(); read_uint64();
                 unsigned pos = static_cast<unsigned>(m_uint64);
-                if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != OBJECT_ARRAY)
-                    throw_invalid_reference();
+                check_arg(pos, OBJECT_ARRAY);
                 unsigned aidx = static_cast<unsigned>(m_args[pos].m_uint);
                 ptr_vector<void> & v = m_obj_arrays[aidx];
                 skip_blank(); read_uint64();
@@ -493,70 +533,65 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
     }
 
     int get_int(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != INT64)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, INT64);
         return static_cast<int>(m_args[pos].m_int);
     }
 
     __int64 get_int64(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != INT64)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, INT64);
         return m_args[pos].m_int;
     }
 
     unsigned get_uint(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != UINT64)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, UINT64);
         return static_cast<unsigned>(m_args[pos].m_uint);
     }
 
     __uint64 get_uint64(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != UINT64)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, UINT64);
         return m_args[pos].m_uint;
     }
 
     double get_double(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != DOUBLE)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, DOUBLE);
         return m_args[pos].m_double;
     }
 
     Z3_string get_str(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != STRING)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, STRING);
         return m_args[pos].m_str;
     }
 
     Z3_symbol get_symbol(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != SYMBOL)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, SYMBOL);
         return reinterpret_cast<Z3_symbol>(const_cast<char*>(m_args[pos].m_str));
     }
 
     void * get_obj(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != OBJECT)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, OBJECT);
         return m_args[pos].m_obj;
     }
 
     unsigned * get_uint_array(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != UINT_ARRAY)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, UINT_ARRAY);
         unsigned idx = static_cast<unsigned>(m_args[pos].m_uint);
         return m_unsigned_arrays[idx].c_ptr();
     }
 
+    int * get_int_array(unsigned pos) const {
+        check_arg(pos, INT_ARRAY);
+        unsigned idx = static_cast<unsigned>(m_args[pos].m_uint);
+        return m_int_arrays[idx].c_ptr();
+    }
+
     Z3_symbol * get_symbol_array(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != SYMBOL_ARRAY)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, SYMBOL_ARRAY);
         unsigned idx = static_cast<unsigned>(m_args[pos].m_uint);
         return m_sym_arrays[idx].c_ptr();
     }
 
     void ** get_obj_array(unsigned pos) const {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != OBJECT_ARRAY)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, OBJECT_ARRAY);
         unsigned idx = static_cast<unsigned>(m_args[pos].m_uint);
         ptr_vector<void> const & v = m_obj_arrays[idx];
         TRACE("z3_replayer_bug", tout << "pos: " << pos << ", idx: " << idx << " size(): " << v.size() << "\n";
@@ -565,38 +600,32 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
     }
 
     int * get_int_addr(unsigned pos) {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != INT64)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, INT64);
         return reinterpret_cast<int*>(&(m_args[pos].m_int));
     }
 
     __int64 * get_int64_addr(unsigned pos) {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != INT64)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, INT64);
         return &(m_args[pos].m_int);
     }
 
     unsigned * get_uint_addr(unsigned pos) {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != UINT64)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, UINT64);
         return reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(&(m_args[pos].m_uint));
     }
 
     __uint64 * get_uint64_addr(unsigned pos) {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != UINT64)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, UINT64);
         return &(m_args[pos].m_uint);
     }
 
     Z3_string * get_str_addr(unsigned pos) {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != STRING)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, STRING);
         return &(m_args[pos].m_str);
     }
 
     void ** get_obj_addr(unsigned pos) {
-        if (pos >= m_args.size() || m_args[pos].m_kind != OBJECT)
-            throw_invalid_reference();
+        check_arg(pos, OBJECT);
         return &(m_args[pos].m_obj);
     }
 
@@ -615,6 +644,7 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
         m_obj_arrays.reset();
         m_sym_arrays.reset();
         m_unsigned_arrays.reset();
+        m_int_arrays.reset();
     }
     
   
@@ -673,6 +703,10 @@ unsigned * z3_replayer::get_uint_array(unsigned pos) const {
     return m_imp->get_uint_array(pos);
 }
 
+int * z3_replayer::get_int_array(unsigned pos) const {
+    return m_imp->get_int_array(pos);
+}
+
 Z3_symbol * z3_replayer::get_symbol_array(unsigned pos) const {
     return m_imp->get_symbol_array(pos);
 }

src/api/z3_replayer.h

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ public:
     void * get_obj(unsigned pos) const;
 
     unsigned * get_uint_array(unsigned pos) const;
+    int * get_int_array(unsigned pos) const;
     Z3_symbol * get_symbol_array(unsigned pos) const;
     void ** get_obj_array(unsigned pos) const;
 

src/ast/arith_decl_plugin.cpp

@@ -417,6 +417,7 @@ inline decl_kind arith_decl_plugin::fix_kind(decl_kind k, unsigned arity) {
 
 app * arith_decl_plugin::mk_numeral(rational const & val, bool is_int) {
     if (is_int && !val.is_int()) {
+        SASSERT(false);
         m_manager->raise_exception("invalid rational value passed as an integer");
     }
     if (val.is_unsigned()) {

src/ast/ast.cpp

@@ -1013,6 +1013,17 @@ func_decl * basic_decl_plugin::mk_ite_decl(sort * s) {
     return m_ite_decls[id];
 }
 
+sort* basic_decl_plugin::join(sort* s1, sort* s2) {
+    if (s1 == s2) return s1;
+    if (s1->get_family_id() == m_manager->m_arith_family_id && 
+        s2->get_family_id() == m_manager->m_arith_family_id) {
+        if (s1->get_decl_kind() == REAL_SORT) {
+            return s1;
+        }
+    }
+    return s2;
+}
+
 func_decl * basic_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters,
                                           unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range) {
     switch (static_cast<basic_op_kind>(k)) {
@@ -1025,10 +1036,10 @@ func_decl * basic_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters
     case OP_IFF:     return m_iff_decl;
     case OP_IMPLIES: return m_implies_decl;
     case OP_XOR:     return m_xor_decl;
-    case OP_ITE:     return arity == 3 ? mk_ite_decl(domain[1]) : 0;
+    case OP_ITE:     return arity == 3 ? mk_ite_decl(join(domain[1], domain[2])) : 0;
         // eq and oeq must have at least two arguments, they can have more since they are chainable
-    case OP_EQ:      return arity >= 2 ? mk_eq_decl_core("=", OP_EQ, domain[0], m_eq_decls) : 0;
-    case OP_OEQ:     return arity >= 2 ? mk_eq_decl_core("~", OP_OEQ, domain[0], m_oeq_decls) : 0;
+    case OP_EQ:      return arity >= 2 ? mk_eq_decl_core("=", OP_EQ, join(domain[0],domain[1]), m_eq_decls) : 0;
+    case OP_OEQ:     return arity >= 2 ? mk_eq_decl_core("~", OP_OEQ, join(domain[0],domain[1]), m_oeq_decls) : 0;
     case OP_DISTINCT: {
         func_decl_info info(m_family_id, OP_DISTINCT);
         info.set_pairwise();
@@ -1061,10 +1072,12 @@ func_decl * basic_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters
     case OP_IFF:     return m_iff_decl;
     case OP_IMPLIES: return m_implies_decl;
     case OP_XOR:     return m_xor_decl;
-    case OP_ITE:     return num_args == 3 ? mk_ite_decl(m_manager->get_sort(args[1])): 0;
+    case OP_ITE:     return num_args == 3 ? mk_ite_decl(join(m_manager->get_sort(args[1]), m_manager->get_sort(args[2]))): 0;
         // eq and oeq must have at least two arguments, they can have more since they are chainable
-    case OP_EQ:      return num_args >= 2 ? mk_eq_decl_core("=", OP_EQ, m_manager->get_sort(args[0]), m_eq_decls) : 0;
-    case OP_OEQ:     return num_args >= 2 ? mk_eq_decl_core("~", OP_OEQ, m_manager->get_sort(args[0]), m_oeq_decls) : 0;
+    case OP_EQ:      return num_args >= 2 ? mk_eq_decl_core("=", OP_EQ, join(m_manager->get_sort(args[0]),
+                                                                             m_manager->get_sort(args[1])), m_eq_decls) : 0;
+    case OP_OEQ:     return num_args >= 2 ? mk_eq_decl_core("~", OP_OEQ, join(m_manager->get_sort(args[0]),
+                                                                              m_manager->get_sort(args[1])), m_oeq_decls) : 0;
     case OP_DISTINCT:
         return decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(k, num_parameters, parameters, num_args, args, range);
     default:
@@ -2058,6 +2071,8 @@ app * ast_manager::mk_app(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr * const * ar
     return r;
 }
 
+
+
 func_decl * ast_manager::mk_fresh_func_decl(symbol const & prefix, symbol const & suffix, unsigned arity, 
                                             sort * const * domain, sort * range) {
     func_decl_info info(null_family_id, null_decl_kind);

src/ast/ast.h

@@ -1100,6 +1100,7 @@ protected:
     virtual void set_manager(ast_manager * m, family_id id);
     func_decl * mk_eq_decl_core(char const * name, decl_kind k, sort * s, ptr_vector<func_decl> & cache);
     func_decl * mk_ite_decl(sort * s);
+    sort* join(sort* s1, sort* s2);
 public:
     basic_decl_plugin();
     
@@ -1378,7 +1379,7 @@ enum proof_gen_mode {
 // -----------------------------------
 
 class ast_manager {
-protected:
+    friend class basic_decl_plugin;
 protected:
     struct config {
         typedef ast_manager              value_manager;
@@ -2005,6 +2006,7 @@ public:
     app * mk_false() { return m_false; }
     app * mk_interp(expr * arg) { return mk_app(m_basic_family_id, OP_INTERP, arg); }
 
+
     func_decl* mk_and_decl() { 
         sort* domain[2] = { m_bool_sort, m_bool_sort };
         return mk_func_decl(m_basic_family_id, OP_AND, 0, 0, 2, domain); 

src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.cpp

@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ bool smt2_pp_environment::is_indexed_fdecl(func_decl * f) const {
     for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
         if (f->get_parameter(i).is_int())
             continue;
+        if (f->get_parameter(i).is_rational())
+            continue;
         if (f->get_parameter(i).is_ast() && is_func_decl(f->get_parameter(i).get_ast()))
             continue;
         break;
@@ -105,9 +107,13 @@ format * smt2_pp_environment::pp_fdecl_params(format * fname, func_decl * f) {
     ptr_buffer<format> fs;
     fs.push_back(fname);
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-        SASSERT(f->get_parameter(i).is_int() || (f->get_parameter(i).is_ast() && is_func_decl(f->get_parameter(i).get_ast())));
+        SASSERT(f->get_parameter(i).is_int() || 
+                f->get_parameter(i).is_rational() || 
+                (f->get_parameter(i).is_ast() && is_func_decl(f->get_parameter(i).get_ast())));
         if (f->get_parameter(i).is_int())
             fs.push_back(mk_int(get_manager(), f->get_parameter(i).get_int()));
+        else if (f->get_parameter(i).is_rational())
+            fs.push_back(mk_string(get_manager(), f->get_parameter(i).get_rational().to_string().c_str()));
         else
             fs.push_back(pp_fdecl_ref(to_func_decl(f->get_parameter(i).get_ast())));
     }
@@ -1126,6 +1132,26 @@ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, mk_ismt2_pp const & p) {
     return out;
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, expr_ref const&  e) {
+    return out << mk_ismt2_pp(e.get(), e.get_manager());
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, app_ref const&  e) {
+    return out << mk_ismt2_pp(e.get(), e.get_manager());
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, expr_ref_vector const&  e) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < e.size(); ++i) 
+        out << mk_ismt2_pp(e[i], e.get_manager()) << "\n";
+    return out;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, app_ref_vector const&  e) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < e.size(); ++i) 
+        out << mk_ismt2_pp(e[i], e.get_manager()) << "\n";
+    return out;
+}
+
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
 void pp(expr const * n, ast_manager & m) {
     std::cout << mk_ismt2_pp(const_cast<expr*>(n), m) << std::endl;

src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.h

@@ -110,4 +110,10 @@ struct mk_ismt2_pp {
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, mk_ismt2_pp const & p);
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, expr_ref const& e);
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, app_ref const& e);
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, expr_ref_vector const& e);
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, app_ref_vector const& e);
+
 #endif

src/ast/ast_smt_pp.cpp

@@ -1058,7 +1058,8 @@ void ast_smt_pp::display_ast_smt2(std::ostream& strm, ast* a, unsigned indent, u
 
 void ast_smt_pp::display_smt2(std::ostream& strm, expr* n) {
     ptr_vector<quantifier> ql;
-    decl_collector decls(m_manager);
+    ast_manager& m = m_manager;
+    decl_collector decls(m);
     smt_renaming rn;    
 
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_assumptions.size(); ++i) {
@@ -1069,7 +1070,7 @@ void ast_smt_pp::display_smt2(std::ostream& strm, expr* n) {
     }
     decls.visit(n);    
 
-    if (m_manager.is_proof(n)) {
+    if (m.is_proof(n)) {
         strm << "(";
     }
     if (m_benchmark_name != symbol::null) {
@@ -1078,7 +1079,7 @@ void ast_smt_pp::display_smt2(std::ostream& strm, expr* n) {
     if (m_source_info != symbol::null && m_source_info != symbol("")) {
         strm << "; :source { " << m_source_info << " }\n";
     }    
-    if (m_manager.is_bool(n)) {
+    if (m.is_bool(n)) {
         strm << "(set-info :status " << m_status << ")\n";
     }
     if (m_category != symbol::null && m_category != symbol("")) {
@@ -1095,7 +1096,7 @@ void ast_smt_pp::display_smt2(std::ostream& strm, expr* n) {
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < decls.get_num_sorts(); ++i) {
         sort* s = decls.get_sorts()[i];
         if (!(*m_is_declared)(s)) {
-            smt_printer p(strm, m_manager, ql, rn, m_logic, true, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
+            smt_printer p(strm, m, ql, rn, m_logic, true, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
             p.pp_sort_decl(sort_mark, s);
         }        
     }
@@ -1103,7 +1104,7 @@ void ast_smt_pp::display_smt2(std::ostream& strm, expr* n) {
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < decls.get_num_decls(); ++i) {
         func_decl* d = decls.get_func_decls()[i];
         if (!(*m_is_declared)(d)) {
-            smt_printer p(strm, m_manager, ql, rn, m_logic, true, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
+            smt_printer p(strm, m, ql, rn, m_logic, true, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
             p(d);
             strm << "\n";
         }
@@ -1112,34 +1113,36 @@ void ast_smt_pp::display_smt2(std::ostream& strm, expr* n) {
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < decls.get_num_preds(); ++i) {
         func_decl* d = decls.get_pred_decls()[i];
         if (!(*m_is_declared)(d)) {
-            smt_printer p(strm, m_manager, ql, rn, m_logic, true, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
+            smt_printer p(strm, m, ql, rn, m_logic, true, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
             p(d);
             strm << "\n";
         }
     }
 
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_assumptions.size(); ++i) {
-        strm << "(assert\n";
-        smt_printer p(strm, m_manager, ql, rn, m_logic, false, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
-        p(m_assumptions[i].get());   
-        strm << ")\n";     
+        smt_printer p(strm, m, ql, rn, m_logic, false, true, m_simplify_implies, 1);
+        strm << "(assert\n ";
+        p(m_assumptions[i].get());
+        strm << ")\n";
     }
 
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_assumptions_star.size(); ++i) {        
-        strm << "(assert\n";
-        smt_printer p(strm, m_manager, ql, rn, m_logic, false, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
-        p(m_assumptions_star[i].get());        
+        smt_printer p(strm, m, ql, rn, m_logic, false, true, m_simplify_implies, 1);
+        strm << "(assert\n ";
+        p(m_assumptions_star[i].get());
         strm << ")\n";
     }
 
-    smt_printer p(strm, m_manager, ql, rn, m_logic, false, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
-    if (m_manager.is_bool(n)) {
-        strm << "(assert\n";
-        p(n);
-        strm << ")\n";
+    smt_printer p(strm, m, ql, rn, m_logic, false, true, m_simplify_implies, 0);
+    if (m.is_bool(n)) {
+        if (!m.is_true(n)) {
+            strm << "(assert\n ";
+            p(n);
+            strm << ")\n";
+        }
         strm << "(check-sat)\n";
     }
-    else if (m_manager.is_proof(n)) {
+    else if (m.is_proof(n)) {
         strm << "(proof\n";
         p(n);
         strm << "))\n";

src/ast/ast_trail.h

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    ast_trail.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    <abstract>
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2008-06-02.
+
+Revision History:
+
+    Extracted AST specific features from trail.h
+    nbjorner 2014-9-28
+
+--*/
+#ifndef _AST_TRAIL_H_
+#define _AST_TRAIL_H_
+
+#include"ast.h"
+#include"trail.h"
+
+
+template<typename S, typename T>
+class ast2ast_trailmap {
+    ref_vector<S, ast_manager> m_domain;
+    ref_vector<T, ast_manager> m_range;
+    obj_map<S, T*>             m_map;
+public:
+    ast2ast_trailmap(ast_manager& m):
+        m_domain(m),
+        m_range(m), 
+        m_map()
+    {}
+
+    bool find(S* s, T*& t) {
+        return m_map.find(s,t);
+    }
+    
+    void insert(S* s, T* t) {
+        SASSERT(!m_map.contains(s));
+        m_domain.push_back(s);
+        m_range.push_back(t);
+        m_map.insert(s,t);
+    }
+    
+    void pop() {
+        SASSERT(!m_domain.empty());
+        m_map.remove(m_domain.back());
+        m_domain.pop_back();
+        m_range.pop_back();
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename Ctx, typename S, typename T>
+class ast2ast_trail : public trail<Ctx> {
+    ast2ast_trailmap<S,T>& m_map;
+public:
+    ast2ast_trail(ast2ast_trailmap<S,T>& m, S* s, T* t) : 
+        m_map(m) {
+        m.insert(s,t);
+    }
+
+    virtual void undo(Ctx& ctx) {
+        m_map.pop();
+    }    
+};
+
+
+#endif /* _AST_TRAIL_H_ */
+

src/ast/datatype_decl_plugin.cpp

@@ -422,8 +422,55 @@ static sort * get_type(ast_manager & m, family_id datatype_fid, sort * source_da
     }
 }
 
+func_decl * datatype_decl_plugin::mk_update_field(
+    unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters, 
+    unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range) {
+    decl_kind k = OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD;
+    ast_manager& m = *m_manager;
+
+    if (num_parameters != 1 || !parameters[0].is_ast()) {
+        m.raise_exception("invalid parameters for datatype field update");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (arity != 2) {
+        m.raise_exception("invalid number of arguments for datatype field update");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    func_decl* acc = 0;
+    if (is_func_decl(parameters[0].get_ast())) {
+        acc = to_func_decl(parameters[0].get_ast());
+    }
+    if (acc && !get_util().is_accessor(acc)) {
+        acc = 0;
+    }
+    if (!acc) {
+        m.raise_exception("datatype field update requires a datatype accessor as the second argument");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    sort* dom = acc->get_domain(0);
+    sort* rng = acc->get_range();
+    if (dom != domain[0]) {
+        m.raise_exception("first argument to field update should be a data-type");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (rng != domain[1]) {
+        std::ostringstream buffer;
+        buffer << "second argument to field update should be " << mk_ismt2_pp(rng, m) 
+               << " instead of " << mk_ismt2_pp(domain[1], m);
+        m.raise_exception(buffer.str().c_str());
+        return 0;
+    }
+    range = domain[0];
+    func_decl_info info(m_family_id, k, num_parameters, parameters);
+    return m.mk_func_decl(symbol("update_field"), arity, domain, range, info);
+}
+
 func_decl * datatype_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters, 
                                              unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range) {
+
+    if (k == OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD) {
+        return mk_update_field(num_parameters, parameters, arity, domain, range);
+    }
     if (num_parameters < 2 || !parameters[0].is_ast() || !is_sort(parameters[0].get_ast())) {
         m_manager->raise_exception("invalid parameters for datatype operator");
         return 0;
@@ -521,6 +568,9 @@ func_decl * datatype_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_paramet
             return m_manager->mk_func_decl(a_name, arity, domain, a_type, info);
         }
         break;
+    case OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD: 
+        UNREACHABLE();
+        return 0;
     default:
         m_manager->raise_exception("invalid datatype operator kind");
         return 0;
@@ -672,6 +722,13 @@ bool datatype_decl_plugin::is_value(app * e) const {
     return true;
 }
 
+void datatype_decl_plugin::get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic) {
+    if (logic == symbol::null) {
+        op_names.push_back(builtin_name("update-field", OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD));
+    }
+}
+
+
 datatype_util::datatype_util(ast_manager & m):
     m_manager(m),
     m_family_id(m.mk_family_id("datatype")),
@@ -919,9 +976,9 @@ void datatype_util::display_datatype(sort *s0, std::ostream& strm) {
     todo.push_back(s0);
     mark.mark(s0, true);
     while (!todo.empty()) {
-		sort* s = todo.back();
+        sort* s = todo.back();
         todo.pop_back();
-		strm << s->get_name() << " =\n";
+        strm << s->get_name() << " =\n";
 
         ptr_vector<func_decl> const * cnstrs = get_datatype_constructors(s);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < cnstrs->size(); ++i) {
@@ -931,14 +988,14 @@ void datatype_util::display_datatype(sort *s0, std::ostream& strm) {
             ptr_vector<func_decl> const * accs = get_constructor_accessors(cns);
             for (unsigned j = 0; j < accs->size(); ++j) {
                 func_decl* acc = (*accs)[j];
-				sort* s1 = acc->get_range();
+                sort* s1 = acc->get_range();
                 strm << "(" << acc->get_name() << ": " << s1->get_name() << ") "; 
                 if (is_datatype(s1) && are_siblings(s1, s0) && !mark.is_marked(s1)) {
                         mark.mark(s1, true);
                         todo.push_back(s1);
                 }          
             }
-			strm << "\n";
+            strm << "\n";
         }
     }
 

src/ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ enum datatype_op_kind {
     OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR,
     OP_DT_RECOGNISER,
     OP_DT_ACCESSOR,
+    OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD,
     LAST_DT_OP
 };
 
@@ -149,8 +150,14 @@ public:
 
     virtual bool is_unique_value(app * e) const { return is_value(e); }
 
+    virtual void get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic);
+
 private:
     bool is_value_visit(expr * arg, ptr_buffer<app> & todo) const;
+
+    func_decl * mk_update_field(
+        unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters, 
+        unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range);
 };
 
 class datatype_util {
@@ -181,9 +188,11 @@ public:
     bool is_constructor(func_decl * f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_family_id, OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR); }
     bool is_recognizer(func_decl * f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_family_id, OP_DT_RECOGNISER); }
     bool is_accessor(func_decl * f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_family_id, OP_DT_ACCESSOR); }
+    bool is_update_field(func_decl * f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_family_id, OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD); }
     bool is_constructor(app * f) const { return is_app_of(f, m_family_id, OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR); }
     bool is_recognizer(app * f) const { return is_app_of(f, m_family_id, OP_DT_RECOGNISER); }
     bool is_accessor(app * f) const { return is_app_of(f, m_family_id, OP_DT_ACCESSOR); }
+    bool is_update_field(app * f) const { return is_app_of(f, m_family_id, OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD); }
     ptr_vector<func_decl> const * get_datatype_constructors(sort * ty);
     unsigned get_datatype_num_constructors(sort * ty) { return get_datatype_constructors(ty)->size(); }
     unsigned get_constructor_idx(func_decl * f) const { SASSERT(is_constructor(f)); return f->get_parameter(1).get_int(); }

src/ast/expr_map.h

@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ public:
     void erase(expr * k);
     void reset();
     void flush();
+    void set_store_proofs(bool f) { 
+        if (m_store_proofs != f) flush();
+        m_store_proofs = f; 
+    }
 };
 
 #endif

src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.cpp

@@ -2155,15 +2155,15 @@ void fpa2bv_converter::mk_to_ubv(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * arg
     SASSERT(f->get_num_parameters() == 1);
     SASSERT(f->get_parameter(0).is_int());
     
-    unsigned ebits = m_util.get_ebits(f->get_range());
-    unsigned sbits = m_util.get_sbits(f->get_range());
-    int width = f->get_parameter(0).get_int();
+    //unsigned ebits = m_util.get_ebits(f->get_range());
+    //unsigned sbits = m_util.get_sbits(f->get_range());
+    //int width = f->get_parameter(0).get_int();
 
-    expr * rm = args[0];
-    expr * x = args[1];
+    //expr * rm = args[0];
+    //expr * x = args[1];
     
-    expr * sgn, *s, *e;
-    split(x, sgn, s, e);
+    //expr * sgn, *s, *e;
+    //split(x, sgn, s, e);
 
     NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
 }
@@ -2173,15 +2173,15 @@ void fpa2bv_converter::mk_to_sbv(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * arg
     SASSERT(f->get_num_parameters() == 1);
     SASSERT(f->get_parameter(0).is_int());
 
-    unsigned ebits = m_util.get_ebits(f->get_range());
-    unsigned sbits = m_util.get_sbits(f->get_range());
-    int width = f->get_parameter(0).get_int();
+    //unsigned ebits = m_util.get_ebits(f->get_range());
+    //unsigned sbits = m_util.get_sbits(f->get_range());
+    //int width = f->get_parameter(0).get_int();
 
-    expr * rm = args[0];
-    expr * x = args[1];
+    //expr * rm = args[0];
+    //expr * x = args[1];
 
-    expr * sgn, *s, *e;
-    split(x, sgn, s, e);
+    //expr * sgn, *s, *e;
+    //split(x, sgn, s, e);
 
     NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
 }
@@ -2189,15 +2189,15 @@ void fpa2bv_converter::mk_to_sbv(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * arg
 void fpa2bv_converter::mk_to_real(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result) {
     SASSERT(num == 1);
 
-    unsigned ebits = m_util.get_ebits(f->get_range());
-    unsigned sbits = m_util.get_sbits(f->get_range());
-    int width = f->get_parameter(0).get_int();
+    //unsigned ebits = m_util.get_ebits(f->get_range());
+    //unsigned sbits = m_util.get_sbits(f->get_range());
+    //int width = f->get_parameter(0).get_int();
 
-    expr * rm = args[0];
-    expr * x = args[1];
+    //expr * rm = args[0];
+    //expr * x = args[1];
 
-    expr * sgn, *s, *e;
-    split(x, sgn, s, e);
+    //expr * sgn, *s, *e;
+    //split(x, sgn, s, e);
 
     NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
 }

src/ast/macros/macro_manager.cpp

@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@ bool macro_manager::macro_expander::get_subst(expr * _n, expr_ref & r, proof_ref
     app * n = to_app(_n);
     quantifier * q = 0;
     func_decl * d  = n->get_decl(); 
-    TRACE("macro_manager_bug", tout << "trying to expand:\n" << mk_pp(n, m_manager) << "\nd:\n" << d->get_name() << "\n";);
+    TRACE("macro_manager_bug", tout << "trying to expand:\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\nd:\n" << d->get_name() << "\n";);
     if (m_macro_manager.m_decl2macro.find(d, q)) {
-        TRACE("macro_manager", tout << "expanding: " << mk_pp(n, m_manager) << "\n";);
+        TRACE("macro_manager", tout << "expanding: " << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         app * head = 0;
         expr * def = 0;
         m_macro_manager.get_head_def(q, d, head, def);
@@ -272,17 +272,17 @@ bool macro_manager::macro_expander::get_subst(expr * _n, expr_ref & r, proof_ref
             SASSERT(subst_args[nidx] == 0);
             subst_args[nidx] = n->get_arg(i);
         }
-        var_subst s(m_manager);
+        var_subst s(m);
         s(def, num, subst_args.c_ptr(), r);
-        if (m_manager.proofs_enabled()) {
-            expr_ref instance(m_manager);
+        if (m.proofs_enabled()) {
+            expr_ref instance(m);
             s(q->get_expr(), num, subst_args.c_ptr(), instance);
-            proof * qi_pr = m_manager.mk_quant_inst(m_manager.mk_or(m_manager.mk_not(q), instance), num, subst_args.c_ptr());
+            proof * qi_pr = m.mk_quant_inst(m.mk_or(m.mk_not(q), instance), num, subst_args.c_ptr());
             proof * q_pr  = 0;
             m_macro_manager.m_decl2macro_pr.find(d, q_pr);
             SASSERT(q_pr != 0);
             proof * prs[2] = { qi_pr, q_pr };
-            p = m_manager.mk_unit_resolution(2, prs);
+            p = m.mk_unit_resolution(2, prs);
         }
         else {
             p = 0;

src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.cpp

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ void pattern_inference::collect::operator()(expr * n, unsigned num_bindings) {
         n              = e.m_node;
         unsigned delta = e.m_delta;
         TRACE("collect", tout << "processing: " << n->get_id() << " " << delta << " kind: " << n->get_kind() << "\n";);
-        TRACE("collect_info", tout << mk_pp(n, m_manager) << "\n";);
+        TRACE("collect_info", tout << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         if (visit_children(n, delta)) {
             m_todo.pop_back();
             save_candidate(n, delta);
@@ -170,9 +170,9 @@ void pattern_inference::collect::save_candidate(expr * n, unsigned delta) {
                 free_vars.insert(idx);
             info * i = 0;
             if (delta == 0)
-                i = alloc(info, m_manager, n, free_vars, 1);
+                i = alloc(info, m, n, free_vars, 1);
             else
-                i = alloc(info, m_manager, m_manager.mk_var(idx, to_var(n)->get_sort()), free_vars, 1);
+                i = alloc(info, m, m.mk_var(idx, to_var(n)->get_sort()), free_vars, 1);
             save(n, delta, i);
         }
         else {
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ void pattern_inference::collect::save_candidate(expr * n, unsigned delta) {
         }
         
         if (c->get_num_args() == 0) {
-            save(n, delta, alloc(info, m_manager, n, uint_set(), 1));
+            save(n, delta, alloc(info, m, n, uint_set(), 1));
             return;
         }
 
@@ -219,10 +219,10 @@ void pattern_inference::collect::save_candidate(expr * n, unsigned delta) {
             
         app * new_node = 0;
         if (changed)
-            new_node = m_manager.mk_app(decl, buffer.size(), buffer.c_ptr());
+            new_node = m.mk_app(decl, buffer.size(), buffer.c_ptr());
         else
             new_node = to_app(n);
-        save(n, delta, alloc(info, m_manager, new_node, free_vars, size));
+        save(n, delta, alloc(info, m, new_node, free_vars, size));
         // Remark: arithmetic patterns are only used if they are nested inside other terms.
         // That is, we never consider x + 1 as pattern. On the other hand, f(x+1) can be a pattern
         // if arithmetic is not in the forbidden list.
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ void pattern_inference::collect::save_candidate(expr * n, unsigned delta) {
         decl_kind k   = c->get_decl_kind();
         if (!free_vars.empty() && 
             (fid != m_afid || (fid == m_afid && !m_owner.m_nested_arith_only && (k == OP_DIV || k == OP_IDIV || k == OP_MOD || k == OP_REM || k == OP_MUL)))) {
-            TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "potential candidate: \n" << mk_pp(new_node, m_manager) << "\n";);
+            TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "potential candidate: \n" << mk_pp(new_node, m) << "\n";);
             m_owner.add_candidate(new_node, free_vars, size);
         }
         return;
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ bool pattern_inference::contains_subpattern::operator()(expr * n) {
                     uint_set const & s2 = e->get_data().m_value.m_free_vars;
                     SASSERT(s2.subset_of(s1));
                     if (s1 == s2) {
-                        TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << mk_pp(n, m_owner.m_manager) << "\nis bigger than\n" << mk_pp(to_app(curr), m_owner.m_manager) << "\n";);
+                        TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << mk_pp(n, m_owner.m) << "\nis bigger than\n" << mk_pp(to_app(curr), m_owner.m) << "\n";);
                         return true;
                     }
                 }
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ void pattern_inference::candidates2unary_patterns(ptr_vector<app> const & candid
         expr2info::obj_map_entry * e = m_candidates_info.find_core(candidate);
         info const & i = e->get_data().m_value;
         if (i.m_free_vars.num_elems() == m_num_bindings) {
-            app * new_pattern = m_manager.mk_pattern(candidate);
+            app * new_pattern = m.mk_pattern(candidate);
             result.push_back(new_pattern);
         }
         else {
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ void pattern_inference::candidates2multi_patterns(unsigned max_num_patterns,
     for (unsigned j = 0; j < m_pre_patterns.size(); j++) {
         pre_pattern * curr = m_pre_patterns[j];
         if (curr->m_free_vars.num_elems() == m_num_bindings) {
-            app * new_pattern = m_manager.mk_pattern(curr->m_exprs.size(), curr->m_exprs.c_ptr());
+            app * new_pattern = m.mk_pattern(curr->m_exprs.size(), curr->m_exprs.c_ptr());
             result.push_back(new_pattern);
             if (result.size() >= max_num_patterns)
                 return;
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ bool pattern_inference::is_forbidden(app * n) const {
     // occur outside of the quantifier. That is, Z3 will never match this kind of 
     // pattern.
     if (m_params.m_pi_avoid_skolems && decl->is_skolem()) {
-        CTRACE("pattern_inference_skolem", decl->is_skolem(), tout << "ignoring: " << mk_pp(n, m_manager) << "\n";);
+        CTRACE("pattern_inference_skolem", decl->is_skolem(), tout << "ignoring: " << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         return true;
     }
     if (is_forbidden(decl))
@@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ bool pattern_inference::has_preferred_patterns(ptr_vector<app> & candidate_patte
             expr2info::obj_map_entry * e = m_candidates_info.find_core(candidate);
             info const & i = e->get_data().m_value;
             if (i.m_free_vars.num_elems() == m_num_bindings) {
-                TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "found preferred pattern:\n" << mk_pp(candidate, m_manager) << "\n";);
-                app * p = m_manager.mk_pattern(candidate);
+                TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "found preferred pattern:\n" << mk_pp(candidate, m) << "\n";);
+                app * p = m.mk_pattern(candidate);
                 result.push_back(p);
                 found = true;
             }
@@ -531,11 +531,11 @@ void pattern_inference::mk_patterns(unsigned num_bindings,
     m_collect(n, num_bindings);
 
     TRACE("pattern_inference", 
-          tout << mk_pp(n, m_manager);
+          tout << mk_pp(n, m);
           tout << "\ncandidates:\n";
           unsigned num = m_candidates.size();
           for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-              tout << mk_pp(m_candidates.get(i), m_manager) << "\n";
+              tout << mk_pp(m_candidates.get(i), m) << "\n";
           });
 
     if (!m_candidates.empty()) {
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ void pattern_inference::mk_patterns(unsigned num_bindings,
         filter_looping_patterns(m_tmp1);
         TRACE("pattern_inference",
               tout << "candidates after removing looping-patterns:\n";
-              dump_app_vector(tout, m_tmp1, m_manager););
+              dump_app_vector(tout, m_tmp1, m););
         SASSERT(!m_tmp1.empty());
         if (!has_preferred_patterns(m_tmp1, result)) {
             // continue if there are no preferred patterns
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ void pattern_inference::mk_patterns(unsigned num_bindings,
             SASSERT(!m_tmp2.empty());
             TRACE("pattern_inference",
                   tout << "candidates after removing bigger patterns:\n";
-                  dump_app_vector(tout, m_tmp2, m_manager););
+                  dump_app_vector(tout, m_tmp2, m););
             m_tmp1.reset();
             candidates2unary_patterns(m_tmp2, m_tmp1, result);
             unsigned num_extra_multi_patterns = m_params.m_pi_max_multi_patterns;
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ void pattern_inference::mk_patterns(unsigned num_bindings,
                 std::stable_sort(m_tmp1.begin(), m_tmp1.end(), m_pattern_weight_lt);
                 TRACE("pattern_inference",
                       tout << "candidates after sorting:\n";
-                      dump_app_vector(tout, m_tmp1, m_manager););
+                      dump_app_vector(tout, m_tmp1, m););
                 candidates2multi_patterns(num_extra_multi_patterns, m_tmp1, result);
             }
         }
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ void pattern_inference::mk_patterns(unsigned num_bindings,
 #include"database.h" // defines g_pattern_database
 
 void pattern_inference::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
-    TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "processing:\n" << mk_pp(q, m_manager) << "\n";);
+    TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "processing:\n" << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n";);
     if (!q->is_forall()) {
         simplifier::reduce1_quantifier(q);
         return;
@@ -587,27 +587,27 @@ void pattern_inference::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
 
     if (m_params.m_pi_use_database) {
         m_database.initialize(g_pattern_database);
-        app_ref_vector new_patterns(m_manager);
+        app_ref_vector new_patterns(m);
         unsigned new_weight;
         if (m_database.match_quantifier(q, new_patterns, new_weight)) {
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < new_patterns.size(); i++) { SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m_manager, new_patterns.get(i))); }
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < new_patterns.size(); i++) { SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, new_patterns.get(i))); }
 #endif
-            quantifier_ref new_q(m_manager);
+            quantifier_ref new_q(m);
             if (q->get_num_patterns() > 0) {
                 // just update the weight...
-                TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "updating weight to: " << new_weight << "\n" << mk_pp(q, m_manager) << "\n";);
-                new_q = m_manager.update_quantifier_weight(q, new_weight);
+                TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "updating weight to: " << new_weight << "\n" << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n";);
+                new_q = m.update_quantifier_weight(q, new_weight);
             }
             else {
-                quantifier_ref tmp(m_manager);
-                tmp   = m_manager.update_quantifier(q, new_patterns.size(), (expr**) new_patterns.c_ptr(), q->get_expr());
-                new_q = m_manager.update_quantifier_weight(tmp, new_weight); 
-                TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "found patterns in database, weight: " << new_weight << "\n" << mk_pp(new_q, m_manager) << "\n";);
+                quantifier_ref tmp(m);
+                tmp   = m.update_quantifier(q, new_patterns.size(), (expr**) new_patterns.c_ptr(), q->get_expr());
+                new_q = m.update_quantifier_weight(tmp, new_weight); 
+                TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "found patterns in database, weight: " << new_weight << "\n" << mk_pp(new_q, m) << "\n";);
             }
             proof * pr = 0;
-            if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs())
-                pr = m_manager.mk_rewrite(q, new_q);
+            if (m.fine_grain_proofs())
+                pr = m.mk_rewrite(q, new_q);
             cache_result(q, new_q, pr);
             return;
         }
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ void pattern_inference::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
         new_no_patterns.push_back(new_pattern);
     } 
     
-    app_ref_buffer new_patterns(m_manager);
+    app_ref_buffer new_patterns(m);
     
     if (m_params.m_pi_arith == AP_CONSERVATIVE)
         m_forbidden.push_back(m_afid);
@@ -677,26 +677,26 @@ void pattern_inference::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
                     warning_msg("using non nested arith. pattern (quantifier id: %s), the weight was increased to %d (this value can be modified using PI_NON_NESTED_ARITH_WEIGHT=<val>).", 
                                 q->get_qid().str().c_str(), weight);         
                 }
-                // verbose_stream() << mk_pp(q, m_manager) << "\n";
+                // verbose_stream() << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n";
             }
         }
     }
 
-    quantifier_ref new_q(m_manager);
-    new_q = m_manager.update_quantifier(q, new_patterns.size(), (expr**) new_patterns.c_ptr(), new_body);
+    quantifier_ref new_q(m);
+    new_q = m.update_quantifier(q, new_patterns.size(), (expr**) new_patterns.c_ptr(), new_body);
     if (weight != q->get_weight())
-        new_q = m_manager.update_quantifier_weight(new_q, weight);
-    proof_ref pr(m_manager);
-    if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {  
+        new_q = m.update_quantifier_weight(new_q, weight);
+    proof_ref pr(m);
+    if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {  
         if (new_body_pr == 0)
-            new_body_pr = m_manager.mk_reflexivity(new_body);
-        pr = m_manager.mk_quant_intro(q, new_q, new_body_pr);
+            new_body_pr = m.mk_reflexivity(new_body);
+        pr = m.mk_quant_intro(q, new_q, new_body_pr);
     }
     
     if (new_patterns.empty() && m_params.m_pi_pull_quantifiers) {
-        pull_quant pull(m_manager);
-        expr_ref   new_expr(m_manager);
-        proof_ref  new_pr(m_manager);
+        pull_quant pull(m);
+        expr_ref   new_expr(m);
+        proof_ref  new_pr(m);
         pull(new_q, new_expr, new_pr);
         quantifier * new_new_q = to_quantifier(new_expr);
         if (new_new_q != new_q) {
@@ -705,12 +705,12 @@ void pattern_inference::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
                 if (m_params.m_pi_warnings) {
                     warning_msg("pulled nested quantifier to be able to find an useable pattern (quantifier id: %s)", q->get_qid().str().c_str());
                 }
-                new_q = m_manager.update_quantifier(new_new_q, new_patterns.size(), (expr**) new_patterns.c_ptr(), new_new_q->get_expr());
-                if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
-                    pr = m_manager.mk_transitivity(pr, new_pr);
-                    pr = m_manager.mk_transitivity(pr, m_manager.mk_quant_intro(new_new_q, new_q, m_manager.mk_reflexivity(new_q->get_expr())));
+                new_q = m.update_quantifier(new_new_q, new_patterns.size(), (expr**) new_patterns.c_ptr(), new_new_q->get_expr());
+                if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+                    pr = m.mk_transitivity(pr, new_pr);
+                    pr = m.mk_transitivity(pr, m.mk_quant_intro(new_new_q, new_q, m.mk_reflexivity(new_q->get_expr())));
                 }
-                TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "pulled quantifier:\n" << mk_pp(new_q, m_manager) << "\n";);
+                TRACE("pattern_inference", tout << "pulled quantifier:\n" << mk_pp(new_q, m) << "\n";);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ void pattern_inference::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
         if (m_params.m_pi_warnings) {
             warning_msg("failed to find a pattern for quantifier (quantifier id: %s)", q->get_qid().str().c_str());
         }
-        TRACE("pi_failed", tout << mk_pp(q, m_manager) << "\n";);
+        TRACE("pi_failed", tout << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n";);
     }
 
     if (new_patterns.empty() && new_body == q->get_expr()) {

src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.h

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Revision History:
    every instance of f(g(X)) is also an instance of f(X).
 */
 class smaller_pattern {
-    ast_manager &    m_manager;
+    ast_manager &    m;
     ptr_vector<expr> m_bindings;
 
     typedef std::pair<expr *, expr *> expr_pair;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class smaller_pattern {
 public:
 
     smaller_pattern(ast_manager & m):
-        m_manager(m) {
+        m(m) {
     }
 
     bool operator()(unsigned num_bindings, expr * p1, expr * p2);
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class pattern_inference : public simplifier {
                 m_node(n, m), m_free_vars(vars), m_size(sz) {}
         };
         
-        ast_manager &            m_manager;
+        ast_manager &            m;
         pattern_inference &      m_owner;
         family_id                m_afid;
         unsigned                 m_num_bindings;
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class pattern_inference : public simplifier {
         void save_candidate(expr * n, unsigned delta);
         void reset();
     public:
-        collect(ast_manager & m, pattern_inference & o):m_manager(m), m_owner(o), m_afid(m.mk_family_id("arith")) {}
+        collect(ast_manager & m, pattern_inference & o):m(m), m_owner(o), m_afid(m.mk_family_id("arith")) {}
         void operator()(expr * n, unsigned num_bindings);
     };
 

src/ast/pb_decl_plugin.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    pb_decl_plugin.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Cardinality Constraints plugin
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-05-11
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pb_decl_plugin.h"
+
+pb_decl_plugin::pb_decl_plugin():
+    m_at_most_sym("at-most"),
+    m_at_least_sym("at-least"),
+    m_pble_sym("pble"),
+    m_pbge_sym("pbge"),
+    m_pbeq_sym("pbeq")
+{}
+
+func_decl * pb_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters, 
+                                         unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range) {
+    SASSERT(m_manager);
+    ast_manager& m = *m_manager;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < arity; ++i) {
+        if (!m.is_bool(domain[i])) {
+            m.raise_exception("invalid non-Boolean sort applied to 'at-most'");
+        }
+    }
+    symbol sym;
+    switch(k) {
+    case OP_AT_LEAST_K: sym = m_at_least_sym; break;
+    case OP_AT_MOST_K: sym = m_at_most_sym; break;
+    case OP_PB_LE: sym = m_pble_sym; break;
+    case OP_PB_GE: sym = m_pbge_sym; break;
+    case OP_PB_EQ: sym = m_pbeq_sym; break;
+    default: break;
+    }
+    switch(k) {
+    case OP_AT_LEAST_K:
+    case OP_AT_MOST_K: {
+        if (num_parameters != 1 || !parameters[0].is_int() || parameters[0].get_int() < 0) {
+            m.raise_exception("function expects one non-negative integer parameter");
+        }
+        func_decl_info info(m_family_id, k, 1, parameters);
+        return m.mk_func_decl(sym, arity, domain, m.mk_bool_sort(), info);
+    }
+    case OP_PB_GE:
+    case OP_PB_LE: 
+    case OP_PB_EQ: {
+        if (num_parameters != 1 + arity) {
+            m.raise_exception("function expects arity+1 rational parameters");
+        }
+        vector<parameter> params;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_parameters; ++i) {
+            parameter const& p = parameters[i];
+            if (p.is_int()) {
+                params.push_back(p);
+            }
+            else if (p.is_rational()) {
+                // HACK: ast pretty printer does not work with rationals.
+                rational r = p.get_rational();
+                if (r.is_int32()) {
+                    params.push_back(parameter(r.get_int32()));
+                }
+                else {
+                    params.push_back(p);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                m.raise_exception("functions 'pble/pbge/pbeq' expect arity+1 integer parameters");
+            }
+        }
+        func_decl_info info(m_family_id, k, num_parameters, params.c_ptr());
+        return m.mk_func_decl(sym, arity, domain, m.mk_bool_sort(), info);
+    }
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE();
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void pb_decl_plugin::get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic) {
+    if (logic == symbol::null) {
+        op_names.push_back(builtin_name(m_at_most_sym.bare_str(), OP_AT_MOST_K));
+        op_names.push_back(builtin_name(m_at_least_sym.bare_str(), OP_AT_LEAST_K));
+        op_names.push_back(builtin_name(m_pble_sym.bare_str(), OP_PB_LE));
+        op_names.push_back(builtin_name(m_pbge_sym.bare_str(), OP_PB_GE));
+        op_names.push_back(builtin_name(m_pbeq_sym.bare_str(), OP_PB_EQ));
+    }
+}
+
+app * pb_util::mk_le(unsigned num_args, rational const * coeffs, expr * const * args, rational const& k) {
+    vector<parameter> params;
+    params.push_back(parameter(k));
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+        params.push_back(parameter(coeffs[i]));
+    }
+    return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_PB_LE, params.size(), params.c_ptr(), num_args, args, m.mk_bool_sort());
+}
+
+app * pb_util::mk_ge(unsigned num_args, rational const * coeffs, expr * const * args, rational const& k) {
+    vector<parameter> params;
+    params.push_back(parameter(k));
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+        params.push_back(parameter(coeffs[i]));
+    }
+    return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_PB_GE, params.size(), params.c_ptr(), num_args, args, m.mk_bool_sort());
+}
+
+app * pb_util::mk_eq(unsigned num_args, rational const * coeffs, expr * const * args, rational const& k) {
+    vector<parameter> params;
+    params.push_back(parameter(k));
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+        params.push_back(parameter(coeffs[i]));
+    }
+    return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_PB_EQ, params.size(), params.c_ptr(), num_args, args, m.mk_bool_sort());
+}
+
+// ax + by < k
+// <=>
+// -ax - by >= -k + 1
+// <=>
+// a(1-x) + b(1-y) >= -k + a + b + 1
+app * pb_util::mk_lt(unsigned num_args, rational const * _coeffs, expr * const * _args, rational const& _k) {
+    vector<rational> coeffs;
+    rational k(_k);
+    expr_ref_vector args(m);
+    expr* f;
+    rational d(denominator(k));
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+        coeffs.push_back(_coeffs[i]);
+        d = lcm(d, denominator(coeffs[i]));
+        if (m.is_not(_args[i], f)) {
+            args.push_back(f);
+        }
+        else {
+            args.push_back(m.mk_not(_args[i]));
+        }
+    }
+    if (!d.is_one()) {
+        k *= d;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+            coeffs[i] *= d;        
+        }
+    }
+    k.neg();
+    k += rational::one();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+        k += coeffs[i];
+    }
+    return mk_ge(num_args, coeffs.c_ptr(), args.c_ptr(), k);
+}
+
+
+app * pb_util::mk_at_most_k(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, unsigned k) {
+    parameter param(k);
+    return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_AT_MOST_K, 1, &param, num_args, args, m.mk_bool_sort());
+}
+
+bool pb_util::is_at_most_k(func_decl *a) const {
+    return is_decl_of(a, m_fid, OP_AT_MOST_K);
+}
+
+bool pb_util::is_at_most_k(expr *a, rational& k) const {
+    if (is_at_most_k(a)) {
+        k = get_k(a);
+        return true;
+    }
+    else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+app * pb_util::mk_at_least_k(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, unsigned k) {
+    parameter param(k);
+    return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_AT_LEAST_K, 1, &param, num_args, args, m.mk_bool_sort());
+}
+
+bool pb_util::is_at_least_k(func_decl *a) const {
+    return is_decl_of(a, m_fid, OP_AT_LEAST_K);
+}
+
+bool pb_util::is_at_least_k(expr *a, rational& k) const {
+    if (is_at_least_k(a)) {
+        k = get_k(a);
+        return true;
+    }
+    else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+rational pb_util::get_k(func_decl *a) const {
+    parameter const& p = a->get_parameter(0);
+    if (is_at_most_k(a) || is_at_least_k(a)) {
+        return to_rational(p);
+    }
+    else {
+        SASSERT(is_le(a) || is_ge(a) || is_eq(a));
+        return to_rational(p);
+    }
+}
+
+
+bool pb_util::is_le(func_decl *a) const {
+    return is_decl_of(a, m_fid, OP_PB_LE);
+}
+
+bool pb_util::is_le(expr* a, rational& k) const {
+    if (is_le(a)) {
+        k = get_k(a);
+        return true;
+    }
+    else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+bool pb_util::is_ge(func_decl *a) const {
+    return is_decl_of(a, m_fid, OP_PB_GE);
+}
+
+bool pb_util::is_ge(expr* a, rational& k) const {
+    if (is_ge(a)) {
+        k = get_k(a);
+        return true;
+    }
+    else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+bool pb_util::is_eq(func_decl *a) const {
+    return is_decl_of(a, m_fid, OP_PB_EQ);
+}
+
+bool pb_util::is_eq(expr* a, rational& k) const {
+    if (is_eq(a)) {
+        k = get_k(a);
+        return true;
+    }
+    else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+rational pb_util::get_coeff(func_decl* a, unsigned index) const {
+    if (is_at_most_k(a) || is_at_least_k(a)) {
+        return rational::one();
+    }
+    SASSERT(is_le(a) || is_ge(a) || is_eq(a));
+    SASSERT(1 + index < a->get_num_parameters());
+    return to_rational(a->get_parameter(index + 1));
+}
+
+rational pb_util::to_rational(parameter const& p) const {
+    if (p.is_int()) {
+        return rational(p.get_int());
+    }
+    SASSERT(p.is_rational());
+    return p.get_rational();
+}
+
+bool pb_util::has_unit_coefficients(func_decl* f) const {
+    if (is_at_most_k(f) || is_at_least_k(f)) return true;
+    unsigned sz = f->get_arity();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+        if (!get_coeff(f, i).is_one()) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}

src/ast/pb_decl_plugin.h

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    pb_decl_plugin.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Pseudo-Boolean and Cardinality Constraints plugin
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-05-11
+
+Notes:
+
+
+  (at-most-k x1 .... x_n) means x1 + ... + x_n <= k
+ 
+hence:
+
+  (not (at-most-k x1 .... x_n)) means x1 + ... + x_n >= k + 1
+
+
+--*/
+#ifndef _PB_DECL_PLUGIN_H_
+#define _PB_DECL_PLUGIN_H_
+
+#include"ast.h"
+ 
+enum pb_op_kind {
+    OP_AT_MOST_K,  // at most K Booleans are true.
+    OP_AT_LEAST_K, // at least K Booleans are true.
+    OP_PB_LE,      // pseudo-Boolean <= (generalizes at_most_k)
+    OP_PB_GE,      // pseudo-Boolean >= 
+    OP_PB_EQ,      // equality
+    LAST_PB_OP
+};
+
+
+class pb_decl_plugin : public decl_plugin {
+    symbol m_at_most_sym;
+    symbol m_at_least_sym;
+    symbol m_pble_sym;
+    symbol m_pbge_sym;
+    symbol m_pbeq_sym;
+    func_decl * mk_at_most(unsigned arity, unsigned k);
+    func_decl * mk_at_least(unsigned arity, unsigned k);
+    func_decl * mk_le(unsigned arity, rational const* coeffs, int k);
+    func_decl * mk_ge(unsigned arity, rational const* coeffs, int k);
+    func_decl * mk_eq(unsigned arity, rational const* coeffs, int k);
+public:
+    pb_decl_plugin();
+    virtual ~pb_decl_plugin() {}
+
+    virtual sort * mk_sort(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters) {
+        UNREACHABLE();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual decl_plugin * mk_fresh() {
+        return alloc(pb_decl_plugin);
+    }
+    
+    //
+    // Contract for func_decl:
+    //   parameters[0] - integer (at most k elements)
+    //      all sorts are Booleans
+    //    parameters[1] .. parameters[arity] - coefficients
+    virtual func_decl * mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters, 
+                                     unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range);
+    virtual void get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic);
+};
+
+
+class pb_util {
+    ast_manager & m;
+    family_id     m_fid;
+public:
+    pb_util(ast_manager& m):m(m), m_fid(m.mk_family_id("pb")) {}
+    ast_manager & get_manager() const { return m; }
+    family_id get_family_id() const { return m_fid; }
+    app * mk_at_most_k(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, unsigned k);
+    app * mk_at_least_k(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, unsigned k);
+    app * mk_le(unsigned num_args, rational const * coeffs, expr * const * args, rational const& k);
+    app * mk_ge(unsigned num_args, rational const * coeffs, expr * const * args, rational const& k);
+    app * mk_eq(unsigned num_args, rational const * coeffs, expr * const * args, rational const& k);
+    app * mk_lt(unsigned num_args, rational const * coeffs, expr * const * args, rational const& k);
+    bool is_at_most_k(func_decl *a) const;
+    bool is_at_most_k(expr *a) const { return is_app(a) && is_at_most_k(to_app(a)->get_decl()); }
+    bool is_at_most_k(expr *a, rational& k) const;
+    bool is_at_least_k(func_decl *a) const;
+    bool is_at_least_k(expr *a) const { return is_app(a) && is_at_least_k(to_app(a)->get_decl()); }
+    bool is_at_least_k(expr *a, rational& k) const;
+    rational get_k(func_decl *a) const;
+    rational get_k(expr *a) const { return get_k(to_app(a)->get_decl()); }
+    bool is_le(func_decl *a) const;
+    bool is_le(expr *a) const { return is_app(a) && is_le(to_app(a)->get_decl()); }
+    bool is_le(expr* a, rational& k) const;
+    bool is_ge(func_decl* a) const;
+    bool is_ge(expr* a) const { return is_app(a) && is_ge(to_app(a)->get_decl()); }
+    bool is_ge(expr* a, rational& k) const;
+    rational get_coeff(expr* a, unsigned index) const { return get_coeff(to_app(a)->get_decl(), index); }
+    rational get_coeff(func_decl* a, unsigned index) const; 
+    bool has_unit_coefficients(func_decl* f) const;
+    bool has_unit_coefficients(expr* f) const { return is_app(f) && has_unit_coefficients(to_app(f)->get_decl()); }
+
+
+    bool is_eq(func_decl* f) const;
+    bool is_eq(expr* e) const { return is_app(e) && is_eq(to_app(e)->get_decl()); }
+    bool is_eq(expr* e, rational& k) const;
+
+
+private:
+    rational to_rational(parameter const& p) const;
+};
+
+
+
+
+#endif /* _PB_DECL_PLUGIN_H_ */
+

src/ast/reg_decl_plugins.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include"dl_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"seq_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"float_decl_plugin.h"
+#include"pb_decl_plugin.h"
 
 void reg_decl_plugins(ast_manager & m) {
     if (!m.get_plugin(m.mk_family_id(symbol("arith")))) {
@@ -48,4 +49,7 @@ void reg_decl_plugins(ast_manager & m) {
     if (!m.get_plugin(m.mk_family_id(symbol("float")))) {
         m.register_plugin(symbol("float"), alloc(float_decl_plugin));
     }
+    if (!m.get_plugin(m.mk_family_id(symbol("pb")))) {
+        m.register_plugin(symbol("pb"), alloc(pb_decl_plugin));
+    }
 }

src/ast/rewriter/ast_counter.cpp

@@ -18,12 +18,9 @@ Revision History:
 --*/
 
 #include "ast_counter.h"
-#include "var_subst.h"
 
 void counter::update(unsigned el, int delta) {
     int & counter = get(el);
-    SASSERT(!m_stay_non_negative || counter>=0);
-    SASSERT(!m_stay_non_negative || static_cast<int>(counter)>=-delta);
     counter += delta;
 }
 
@@ -92,16 +89,14 @@ int counter::get_max_counter_value() const {
 void var_counter::count_vars(ast_manager & m, const app * pred, int coef) {
     unsigned n = pred->get_num_args();
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        m_sorts.reset();
-        m_todo.reset();
-        m_mark.reset();
-        ::get_free_vars(m_mark, m_todo, pred->get_arg(i), m_sorts);
-        for (unsigned j = 0; j < m_sorts.size(); ++j) {
-            if (m_sorts[j]) {
+        m_fv(pred->get_arg(i));
+        for (unsigned j = 0; j < m_fv.size(); ++j) {
+            if (m_fv[j]) {
                 update(j, coef);
             }
         }
     }
+    m_fv.reset();
 }
 
 

src/ast/rewriter/ast_counter.h

@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast.h"
 #include "map.h"
 #include "uint_set.h"
+#include "var_subst.h"
 
 class counter {
 protected:
     typedef u_map<int> map_impl;
     map_impl m_data;
-    const bool m_stay_non_negative;
 public:
     typedef map_impl::iterator iterator;
     
-    counter(bool stay_non_negative = true) : m_stay_non_negative(stay_non_negative) {}
+    counter() {}
     
     void reset() { m_data.reset(); }
     iterator begin() const { return m_data.begin(); }
@@ -69,14 +69,13 @@ public:
 
 class var_counter : public counter {
 protected:
-    ptr_vector<sort> m_sorts;
     expr_fast_mark1  m_visited;
+    expr_free_vars   m_fv;
     ptr_vector<expr> m_todo;
-    ast_mark         m_mark;
     unsigned_vector  m_scopes;
     unsigned get_max_var(bool & has_var);    
 public:
-    var_counter(bool stay_non_negative = true): counter(stay_non_negative) {}
+    var_counter() {}
     void count_vars(ast_manager & m, const app * t, int coef = 1);
     unsigned get_max_var(expr* e);
     unsigned get_next_var(expr* e);
@@ -85,11 +84,10 @@ public:
 class ast_counter {
     typedef obj_map<ast, int> map_impl;
     map_impl m_data;
-    bool     m_stay_non_negative;
  public:
     typedef map_impl::iterator iterator;
     
-    ast_counter(bool stay_non_negative = true) : m_stay_non_negative(stay_non_negative) {}
+    ast_counter() {}
     
     iterator begin() const { return m_data.begin(); }
     iterator end() const { return m_data.end(); }
@@ -99,7 +97,6 @@ class ast_counter {
     }
     void update(ast * el, int delta){
         get(el) += delta;
-        SASSERT(!m_stay_non_negative || get(el) >= 0);
     }
     
     void inc(ast * el) { update(el, 1); }

src/ast/rewriter/bit_blaster/bit_blaster_tpl_def.h

@@ -1038,6 +1038,11 @@ void bit_blaster_tpl<Cfg>::mk_ext_rotate_left_right(unsigned sz, expr * const *
             mk_rotate_right(sz, a_bits, static_cast<unsigned>(k.get_uint64()), out_bits);
     }
     else {
+        //
+        // Review: a better tuned implementation is possible by using shifts by power of two.
+        // e.g., looping over the bits of b_bits, then rotate by a power of two depending
+        // on the bit-position. This would get rid of the mk_urem.
+        //
         expr_ref_vector sz_bits(m());
         expr_ref_vector masked_b_bits(m());
         expr_ref_vector eqs(m());

src/ast/rewriter/datatype_rewriter.cpp

@@ -60,6 +60,32 @@ br_status datatype_rewriter::mk_app_core(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr
         UNREACHABLE();
         break;
     }
+    case OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD: {
+        SASSERT(num_args == 2);
+        if (!is_app(args[0]) || !m_util.is_constructor(to_app(args[0])))
+            return BR_FAILED;
+        app * a = to_app(args[0]);
+        func_decl * c_decl = a->get_decl();
+        if (c_decl != m_util.get_accessor_constructor(f)) {
+            result = a;
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+        ptr_vector<func_decl> const * acc = m_util.get_constructor_accessors(c_decl);
+        SASSERT(acc && acc->size() == a->get_num_args());
+        unsigned num = acc->size();
+        ptr_buffer<expr> new_args;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+            
+            if (f == (*acc)[i]) {
+                new_args.push_back(args[1]);
+            }
+            else {
+                new_args.push_back(a->get_arg(i));
+            }
+        }
+        result = m().mk_app(c_decl, num, new_args.c_ptr());
+        return BR_DONE;        
+    }
     default:
         UNREACHABLE();
     }

src/ast/rewriter/expr_safe_replace.cpp

@@ -29,43 +29,39 @@ void expr_safe_replace::insert(expr* src, expr* dst) {
 }
 
 void expr_safe_replace::operator()(expr* e, expr_ref& res) {
-    obj_map<expr,expr*> cache;
-    ptr_vector<expr> todo, args;
-    expr_ref_vector refs(m);
-    todo.push_back(e);
+    m_todo.push_back(e);
     expr* a, *b, *d;
-    todo.push_back(e);
     
-    while (!todo.empty()) {
-        a = todo.back();
-        if (cache.contains(a)) {
-            todo.pop_back();
+    while (!m_todo.empty()) {
+        a = m_todo.back();
+        if (m_cache.contains(a)) {
+            m_todo.pop_back();
         }
         else if (m_subst.find(a, b)) {
-            cache.insert(a, b);
-            todo.pop_back();
+            m_cache.insert(a, b);
+            m_todo.pop_back();
         }
         else if (is_var(a)) {
-            cache.insert(a, a);
-            todo.pop_back();
+            m_cache.insert(a, a);
+            m_todo.pop_back();
         }
         else if (is_app(a)) {
             app* c = to_app(a);
             unsigned n = c->get_num_args();
-            args.reset();
+            m_args.reset();
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                if (cache.find(c->get_arg(i), d)) {
-                    args.push_back(d);
+                if (m_cache.find(c->get_arg(i), d)) {
+                    m_args.push_back(d);
                 }
                 else {
-                    todo.push_back(c->get_arg(i));
+                    m_todo.push_back(c->get_arg(i));
                 }
             }
-            if (args.size() == n) {
-                b = m.mk_app(c->get_decl(), args.size(), args.c_ptr());
-                refs.push_back(b);
-                cache.insert(a, b);
-                todo.pop_back();
+            if (m_args.size() == n) {
+                b = m.mk_app(c->get_decl(), m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr());
+                m_refs.push_back(b);
+                m_cache.insert(a, b);
+                m_todo.pop_back();
             }
         }
         else {
@@ -93,12 +89,16 @@ void expr_safe_replace::operator()(expr* e, expr_ref& res) {
             }
             replace(q->get_expr(), new_body);
             b = m.update_quantifier(q, pats.size(), pats.c_ptr(), nopats.size(), nopats.c_ptr(), new_body);
-            refs.push_back(b);
-            cache.insert(a, b);
-            todo.pop_back();
+            m_refs.push_back(b);
+            m_cache.insert(a, b);
+            m_todo.pop_back();
         }        
     }
-    res = cache.find(e);
+    res = m_cache.find(e);
+    m_cache.reset();
+    m_todo.reset();
+    m_args.reset();
+    m_refs.reset();    
 }
 
 void expr_safe_replace::reset() {

src/ast/rewriter/expr_safe_replace.h

@@ -29,9 +29,12 @@ class expr_safe_replace {
     expr_ref_vector m_src;
     expr_ref_vector m_dst;
     obj_map<expr, expr*> m_subst;
+    obj_map<expr,expr*> m_cache;
+    ptr_vector<expr> m_todo, m_args;
+    expr_ref_vector m_refs;
 
 public:
-    expr_safe_replace(ast_manager& m): m(m), m_src(m), m_dst(m) {}
+    expr_safe_replace(ast_manager& m): m(m), m_src(m), m_dst(m), m_refs(m) {}
 
     void insert(expr* src, expr* dst);
 
@@ -42,6 +45,8 @@ public:
     void apply_substitution(expr* s, expr* def, expr_ref& t);
 
     void reset();
+
+    bool empty() const { return m_subst.empty(); }
 };
 
 #endif /* __EXPR_SAFE_REPLACE_H__ */

src/ast/rewriter/pb_rewriter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    pb_rewriter.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Basic rewriting rules for PB constraints.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-14-12
+
+Notes:
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pb_rewriter.h"
+#include "pb_rewriter_def.h"
+#include "ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast_smt_pp.h"
+
+
+class pb_ast_rewriter_util {
+    ast_manager& m;
+    expr_ref_vector m_refs;
+public:
+
+    typedef std::pair<expr*, rational> arg_t;
+    typedef vector<arg_t> args_t;
+    typedef rational numeral;
+
+    pb_ast_rewriter_util(ast_manager& m): m(m), m_refs(m) {}
+
+    expr* negate(expr* e) {
+        if (m.is_true(e)) {
+            return m.mk_false();
+        }
+        if (m.is_false(e)) {
+            return m.mk_true();
+        }
+        if (m.is_not(e, e)) {
+            return e;
+        }
+        m_refs.push_back(m.mk_not(e));
+        return m_refs.back();
+    }
+
+    void display(std::ostream& out, expr* e) {
+        out << mk_pp(e, m);
+    }
+
+    bool is_negated(expr* e) const {
+        return m.is_not(e);
+    }
+
+    bool is_true(expr* e) const {
+        return m.is_true(e);
+    }
+
+    bool is_false(expr* e) const {
+        return m.is_false(e);
+    }
+
+    struct compare {
+        bool operator()(std::pair<expr*,rational> const& a,
+                        std::pair<expr*,rational> const& b) {
+            return a.first->get_id() < b.first->get_id();
+        }
+
+    };
+};
+
+expr_ref pb_rewriter::translate_pb2lia(obj_map<expr,expr*>& vars, expr* fml) {
+    pb_util util(m());
+    arith_util a(m());
+    expr_ref result(m()), tmp(m());
+    expr_ref_vector es(m());
+    expr*const* args = to_app(fml)->get_args();
+    unsigned sz = to_app(fml)->get_num_args();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+        expr* e = args[i];
+        if (m().is_not(e, e)) {
+            es.push_back(a.mk_sub(a.mk_numeral(rational(1),true),vars.find(e)));
+        }
+        else {
+            es.push_back(vars.find(e));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (util.is_at_most_k(fml) || util.is_at_least_k(fml)) {
+        if (es.empty()) {
+            tmp = a.mk_numeral(rational(0), true);
+        }
+        else {
+            tmp = a.mk_add(es.size(), es.c_ptr());
+        }
+        if (util.is_at_most_k(fml)) {
+            result = a.mk_le(tmp, a.mk_numeral(util.get_k(fml), false));
+        }
+        else {
+            result = a.mk_ge(tmp, a.mk_numeral(util.get_k(fml), false));
+        }
+    }
+    else if (util.is_le(fml) || util.is_ge(fml) || util.is_eq(fml)) {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+            es[i] = a.mk_mul(a.mk_numeral(util.get_coeff(fml, i),false), es[i].get());
+        }
+        if (es.empty()) {
+            tmp = a.mk_numeral(rational(0), true);
+        }
+        else {
+            tmp = a.mk_add(es.size(), es.c_ptr());
+        }
+        if (util.is_le(fml)) {
+            result = a.mk_le(tmp, a.mk_numeral(util.get_k(fml), false));
+        }
+        else if (util.is_ge(fml)) {
+            result = a.mk_ge(tmp, a.mk_numeral(util.get_k(fml), false));
+        }
+        else {
+            result = m().mk_eq(tmp, a.mk_numeral(util.get_k(fml), false));
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        result = fml;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+expr_ref pb_rewriter::mk_validate_rewrite(app_ref& e1, app_ref& e2) {
+    ast_manager& m = e1.get_manager();
+    arith_util a(m);
+    symbol name;
+    obj_map<expr,expr*> vars;
+    expr_ref_vector trail(m), fmls(m);    
+    unsigned sz = to_app(e1)->get_num_args();
+    expr*const*args = to_app(e1)->get_args();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+        expr* e = args[i];
+        if (m.is_true(e)) {
+            if (!vars.contains(e)) {
+                trail.push_back(a.mk_numeral(rational(1), true));
+                vars.insert(e, trail.back());            
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (m.is_false(e)) {
+            if (!vars.contains(e)) {
+                trail.push_back(a.mk_numeral(rational(0), true));
+                vars.insert(e, trail.back());            
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        std::ostringstream strm;
+        strm << "x" << i;
+        name = symbol(strm.str().c_str());
+        trail.push_back(m.mk_const(name, a.mk_int()));
+        expr* x = trail.back();
+        m.is_not(e,e);
+        vars.insert(e, x);
+        fmls.push_back(a.mk_le(a.mk_numeral(rational(0), true), x));
+        fmls.push_back(a.mk_le(x, a.mk_numeral(rational(1), true)));
+    }
+    expr_ref tmp(m);
+    expr_ref fml1 = translate_pb2lia(vars, e1);
+    expr_ref fml2 = translate_pb2lia(vars, e2);    
+    tmp = m.mk_not(m.mk_eq(fml1, fml2));
+    fmls.push_back(tmp);
+    tmp = m.mk_and(fmls.size(), fmls.c_ptr());
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+static unsigned s_lemma = 0;
+
+void pb_rewriter::validate_rewrite(func_decl* f, unsigned sz, expr*const* args, expr_ref& fml) {
+    ast_manager& m = fml.get_manager();
+    app_ref tmp1(m), tmp2(m);
+    tmp1 = m.mk_app(f, sz, args);
+    tmp2 = to_app(fml);
+    expr_ref tmp = mk_validate_rewrite(tmp1, tmp2);
+    dump_pb_rewrite(tmp);
+}
+
+void pb_rewriter::dump_pb_rewrite(expr* fml) {
+    std::ostringstream strm;
+    strm << "pb_rewrite_" << (s_lemma++) << ".smt2";
+    std::ofstream out(strm.str().c_str());    
+    ast_smt_pp pp(m());
+    pp.display_smt2(out, fml);    
+    out.close();
+}
+
+br_status pb_rewriter::mk_app_core(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result) {
+    ast_manager& m = result.get_manager();
+    rational sum(0), maxsum(0);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+        if (m.is_true(args[i])) {
+            sum += m_util.get_coeff(f, i);
+            maxsum += m_util.get_coeff(f, i);
+        }
+        else if (!m.is_false(args[i])) {
+            maxsum += m_util.get_coeff(f, i);            
+        }
+    }
+    rational k = m_util.get_k(f);
+
+    vector<std::pair<expr*,rational> > vec;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+        vec.push_back(std::make_pair(args[i], m_util.get_coeff(f, i)));
+    }
+    
+    switch(f->get_decl_kind()) {
+    case OP_AT_MOST_K:
+    case OP_PB_LE:
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+            vec[i].second.neg();
+        }
+        k.neg();
+        break;
+    case OP_AT_LEAST_K:
+    case OP_PB_GE:
+    case OP_PB_EQ:
+        break;
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE();
+        return BR_FAILED;
+    }    
+
+    bool is_eq = f->get_decl_kind() == OP_PB_EQ;
+    
+    pb_ast_rewriter_util pbu(m);
+    pb_rewriter_util<pb_ast_rewriter_util> util(pbu);
+
+    util.unique(vec, k, is_eq);
+    lbool is_sat = util.normalize(vec, k, is_eq);
+    util.prune(vec, k, is_eq);
+    switch (is_sat) {
+    case l_true:
+        result = m.mk_true();
+        break;
+    case l_false:
+        result = m.mk_false();
+        break;
+    default:
+        m_args.reset();
+        m_coeffs.reset();
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) {
+            m_args.push_back(vec[i].first);
+            m_coeffs.push_back(vec[i].second);
+        }
+        if (is_eq) {
+            result = m_util.mk_eq(vec.size(), m_coeffs.c_ptr(), m_args.c_ptr(), k);
+        }
+        else {
+            result = m_util.mk_ge(vec.size(), m_coeffs.c_ptr(), m_args.c_ptr(), k);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    TRACE("pb",
+          expr_ref tmp(m);
+          tmp = m.mk_app(f, num_args, args);
+          tout << tmp << "\n";
+          tout << result << "\n";
+          );
+    TRACE("pb_validate",
+          validate_rewrite(f, num_args, args, result););
+          
+    return BR_DONE;
+}
+
+

src/ast/rewriter/pb_rewriter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    pb_rewriter.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Basic rewriting rules for PB constraints.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-14-12
+
+Notes:
+
+--*/
+#ifndef _PB_REWRITER_H_
+#define _PB_REWRITER_H_
+
+#include"pb_decl_plugin.h"
+#include"rewriter_types.h"
+#include"params.h"
+#include"lbool.h"
+
+
+template<typename PBU>
+class pb_rewriter_util {    
+    PBU& m_util;
+    void display(std::ostream& out, typename PBU::args_t& args, typename PBU::numeral& k, bool is_eq);
+public:
+    pb_rewriter_util(PBU& u) : m_util(u) {}
+    void unique(typename PBU::args_t& args, typename PBU::numeral& k, bool is_eq);
+    lbool normalize(typename PBU::args_t& args, typename PBU::numeral& k, bool is_eq);
+    void prune(typename PBU::args_t& args, typename PBU::numeral& k, bool is_eq);
+};
+
+/**
+   \brief Cheap rewrite rules for PB constraints
+*/
+class pb_rewriter {
+    pb_util       m_util;
+    vector<rational> m_coeffs;
+    ptr_vector<expr> m_args;
+
+    void validate_rewrite(func_decl* f, unsigned sz, expr*const* args, expr_ref& fml);
+public:    
+    pb_rewriter(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()):
+        m_util(m) {
+    }
+    ast_manager & m() const { return m_util.get_manager(); }
+    family_id get_fid() const { return m_util.get_family_id(); }
+
+    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {}
+    static void get_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) {}
+
+    br_status mk_app_core(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result);
+
+    expr_ref translate_pb2lia(obj_map<expr,expr*>& vars, expr* fml);
+    expr_ref mk_validate_rewrite(app_ref& e1, app_ref& e2);
+    void dump_pb_rewrite(expr* fml);
+};
+
+#endif

src/ast/rewriter/pb_rewriter_def.h

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    pb_rewriter_def.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Basic rewriting rules for PB constraints.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-14-12
+
+Notes:
+
+--*/
+#ifndef _PB_REWRITER_DEF_H_
+#define _PB_REWRITER_DEF_H_
+
+#include"pb_rewriter.h"
+
+
+template<typename PBU>
+void pb_rewriter_util<PBU>::display(std::ostream& out, typename PBU::args_t& args, typename PBU::numeral& k, bool is_eq) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        out << args[i].second << " * ";
+        m_util.display(out, args[i].first);
+        out << " ";
+        if (i+1 < args.size()) out << "+ ";
+    }
+    out << (is_eq?" = ":" >= ") << k << "\n";
+}
+
+template<typename PBU>
+void pb_rewriter_util<PBU>::unique(typename PBU::args_t& args, typename PBU::numeral& k, bool is_eq) {
+    
+    TRACE("pb_verbose", display(tout << "pre-unique:", args, k, is_eq););
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        if (m_util.is_negated(args[i].first)) {
+            args[i].first = m_util.negate(args[i].first);
+            k -= args[i].second;
+            args[i].second = -args[i].second;
+        }
+    }
+    // remove constants
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        if (m_util.is_true(args[i].first)) {
+            k -= args[i].second;
+            std::swap(args[i], args[args.size()-1]);
+            args.pop_back();
+            --i;
+        }
+        else if (m_util.is_false(args[i].first)) {
+            std::swap(args[i], args[args.size()-1]);
+            args.pop_back();                
+            --i;
+        }
+    }
+    // sort and coalesce arguments:
+    typename PBU::compare cmp;
+    std::sort(args.begin(), args.end(), cmp);
+
+    // coallesce
+    unsigned i, j;
+    for (i = 0, j = 1; j < args.size(); ++j) {
+        if (args[i].first == args[j].first) {
+            args[i].second += args[j].second;
+        }
+        else {
+            ++i;
+            args[i] = args[j];
+        }
+    }
+    args.resize(i+1);
+
+    // remove 0s.
+    for (i = 0, j = 0; j < args.size(); ++j) {
+        if (!args[j].second.is_zero()) {
+            if (i != j) {
+                args[i] = args[j];
+            }
+            ++i;
+        }
+    }
+    args.resize(i);
+    TRACE("pb_verbose", display(tout << "post-unique:", args, k, is_eq););
+}
+
+template<typename PBU>
+lbool pb_rewriter_util<PBU>::normalize(typename PBU::args_t& args, typename PBU::numeral& k, bool is_eq) {
+    TRACE("pb_verbose", display(tout << "pre-normalize:", args, k, is_eq););
+
+    DEBUG_CODE(
+        bool found = false;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; !found && i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            found = args[i].second.is_zero();
+        }
+        if (found) display(verbose_stream(), args, k, is_eq);
+        SASSERT(!found););
+
+    // 
+    // Ensure all coefficients are positive:
+    //    c*l + y >= k 
+    // <=> 
+    //    c*(1-~l) + y >= k
+    // <=>
+    //    c - c*~l + y >= k
+    // <=> 
+    //    -c*~l + y >= k - c
+    // 
+    typename PBU::numeral sum(0);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        typename PBU::numeral c = args[i].second;
+        if (c.is_neg()) {
+            args[i].second = -c;
+            args[i].first = m_util.negate(args[i].first);
+            k -= c;
+        }
+        sum += args[i].second;
+    }
+    // detect tautologies:
+    if (!is_eq && k <= PBU::numeral::zero()) {
+        args.reset();
+        k = PBU::numeral::zero();
+        return l_true;
+    }
+    if (is_eq && k.is_zero() && args.empty()) {
+        return l_true;
+    }
+
+    // detect infeasible constraints:
+    if (sum < k) {
+        args.reset();
+        k = PBU::numeral::one();
+        return l_false;
+    }
+
+    if (is_eq && k == sum) {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            args[i].second = PBU::numeral::one();
+        }
+        typename PBU::numeral num(args.size()); 
+        k = num;
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+    
+    bool all_int = true;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; all_int && i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        all_int = args[i].second.is_int();
+    }
+    
+    if (!all_int) {
+        // normalize to integers.
+        typename PBU::numeral d(denominator(k));
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            d = lcm(d, denominator(args[i].second));
+        }
+        SASSERT(!d.is_one());
+        k *= d;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            args[i].second *= d;
+        }            
+    }
+
+    if (is_eq) {
+        TRACE("pb_verbose", display(tout << "post-normalize:", args, k, is_eq););
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+    
+    // Ensure the largest coefficient is not larger than k:
+    sum = PBU::numeral::zero();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        typename PBU::numeral c = args[i].second;
+        if (c > k) {
+            args[i].second = k;
+        }
+        sum += args[i].second;
+    }
+    SASSERT(!args.empty());
+    
+    // normalize tight inequalities to unit coefficients.
+    if (sum == k) {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            args[i].second = PBU::numeral::one();
+        }
+        typename PBU::numeral num(args.size()); 
+        k = num;
+    }
+    
+    // apply cutting plane reduction:
+    typename PBU::numeral g(0);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; !g.is_one() && i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        typename PBU::numeral c = args[i].second;
+        if (c != k) {
+            if (g.is_zero()) {
+                g = c;
+            }
+            else {
+                g = gcd(g, c);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (g.is_zero()) {
+        // all coefficients are equal to k.
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            SASSERT(args[i].second == k);
+            args[i].second = PBU::numeral::one();
+        }
+        k = PBU::numeral::one();
+    }
+    else if (g > PBU::numeral::one()) {
+        
+        //
+        // Example 5x + 5y + 2z + 2u >= 5
+        // becomes 3x + 3y + z + u >= 3
+        // 
+        typename PBU::numeral k_new = div(k, g);    
+        if (!(k % g).is_zero()) {     // k_new is the ceiling of k / g.
+            k_new++;
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            SASSERT(args[i].second.is_pos());
+            typename PBU::numeral c = args[i].second;
+            if (c == k) {
+                c = k_new;
+            }
+            else {
+                c = div(c, g);
+            }
+            args[i].second = c;
+            SASSERT(args[i].second.is_pos());
+        }
+        k = k_new;            
+    }
+    //
+    // normalize coefficients that fall within a range
+    // k/n <= ... < k/(n-1) for some n = 1,2,...
+    //
+    // e.g, k/n <= min <= max < k/(n-1)
+    //      k/min <= n, n-1 < k/max
+    // .    floor(k/max) = ceil(k/min) - 1  
+    // .    floor(k/max) < k/max
+    //
+    // example: k = 5, min = 3, max = 4: 5/3 -> 2   5/4 -> 1, n = 2
+    // replace all coefficients by 1, and k by 2.
+    //
+    if (!k.is_one()) {
+        typename PBU::numeral min = args[0].second, max = args[0].second;
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            if (args[i].second < min) min = args[i].second;
+            if (args[i].second > max) max = args[i].second;
+        }            
+        SASSERT(min.is_pos());
+        typename PBU::numeral n0 = k/max;
+        typename PBU::numeral n1 = floor(n0);
+        typename PBU::numeral n2 = ceil(k/min) - PBU::numeral::one();
+        if (n1 == n2 && !n0.is_int()) {
+            IF_VERBOSE(3, display(verbose_stream() << "set cardinality\n", args, k, is_eq););
+            
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+                args[i].second = PBU::numeral::one();
+            }
+            k = n1 + PBU::numeral::one();
+        }
+    }
+    TRACE("pb_verbose", display(tout << "post-normalize:", args, k, is_eq););
+    return l_undef;
+}
+
+template<typename PBU>
+void pb_rewriter_util<PBU>::prune(typename PBU::args_t& args, typename PBU::numeral& k, bool is_eq) {
+    if (is_eq) {
+        return;
+    }
+    typename PBU::numeral nlt(0);
+    unsigned occ = 0;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; nlt < k && i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        if (args[i].second < k) {
+            nlt += args[i].second;
+            ++occ;
+        }
+    }
+    if (0 < occ && nlt < k) {        
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+            if (args[i].second < k) {
+                args[i] = args.back();
+                args.pop_back();
+                --i;
+            }
+        }
+        unique(args, k, is_eq);
+        normalize(args, k, is_eq);
+    }    
+}
+
+#endif

src/ast/rewriter/poly_rewriter_def.h

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ void poly_rewriter<Config>::updt_params(params_ref const & _p) {
     m_hoist_mul = p.hoist_mul();
     m_hoist_cmul = p.hoist_cmul();
     m_som_blowup = p.som_blowup();
+    if (!m_flat) m_som = false;
+    if (m_som) m_hoist_mul = false;
 }
 
 template<typename Config>

src/ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Notes:
 #include"array_rewriter.h"
 #include"float_rewriter.h"
 #include"dl_rewriter.h"
+#include"pb_rewriter.h"
 #include"rewriter_def.h"
 #include"expr_substitution.h"
 #include"ast_smt2_pp.h"
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
     datatype_rewriter   m_dt_rw;
     float_rewriter      m_f_rw;
     dl_rewriter         m_dl_rw;
+    pb_rewriter         m_pb_rw;
     arith_util          m_a_util;
     bv_util             m_bv_util;
     unsigned long long  m_max_memory; // in bytes
@@ -196,6 +198,8 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
             return m_f_rw.mk_app_core(f, num, args, result);
         if (fid == m_dl_rw.get_fid())
             return m_dl_rw.mk_app_core(f, num, args, result);
+        if (fid == m_pb_rw.get_fid())
+            return m_pb_rw.mk_app_core(f, num, args, result);
         return BR_FAILED;
     }
 
@@ -645,6 +649,7 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
         m_dt_rw(m),
         m_f_rw(m, p),
         m_dl_rw(m),
+        m_pb_rw(m),
         m_a_util(m),
         m_bv_util(m),
         m_used_dependencies(m),

src/ast/rewriter/var_subst.cpp

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ void instantiate(ast_manager & m, quantifier * q, expr * const * exprs, expr_ref
           tout << "\n----->\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(result, m) << "\n";);
 }
 
-static void get_free_vars_offset(ast_mark& mark, ptr_vector<expr>& todo, unsigned offset, expr* e, ptr_vector<sort>& sorts) {
+static void get_free_vars_offset(expr_sparse_mark& mark, ptr_vector<expr>& todo, unsigned offset, expr* e, ptr_vector<sort>& sorts) {
     todo.push_back(e);
     while (!todo.empty()) {
         e = todo.back();
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ static void get_free_vars_offset(ast_mark& mark, ptr_vector<expr>& todo, unsigne
         switch(e->get_kind()) {
         case AST_QUANTIFIER: {
             quantifier* q = to_quantifier(e);
-            ast_mark mark1;
+            expr_sparse_mark mark1;
             ptr_vector<expr> todo1;
             get_free_vars_offset(mark1, todo1, offset+q->get_num_decls(), q->get_expr(), sorts);
             break;
@@ -210,11 +210,33 @@ static void get_free_vars_offset(ast_mark& mark, ptr_vector<expr>& todo, unsigne
 
 
 void get_free_vars(expr* e, ptr_vector<sort>& sorts) {
-    ast_mark mark;
+    expr_sparse_mark mark;
     ptr_vector<expr> todo;
     get_free_vars_offset(mark, todo, 0, e, sorts);
 }
 
-void get_free_vars(ast_mark& mark, ptr_vector<expr>& todo, expr* e, ptr_vector<sort>& sorts) {
+void get_free_vars(expr_sparse_mark& mark, ptr_vector<expr>& todo, expr* e, ptr_vector<sort>& sorts) {
     get_free_vars_offset(mark, todo, 0, e, sorts);
 }
+
+void expr_free_vars::reset() {
+    m_mark.reset();
+    m_sorts.reset();
+    SASSERT(m_todo.empty());
+}
+
+void expr_free_vars::set_default_sort(sort *s) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_sorts.size(); ++i) {
+        if (!m_sorts[i]) m_sorts[i] = s;
+    }
+}
+
+void expr_free_vars::operator()(expr* e) {
+    reset();
+    get_free_vars_offset(m_mark, m_todo, 0, e, m_sorts);
+}
+
+void expr_free_vars::accumulate(expr* e) {
+    SASSERT(m_todo.empty());
+    get_free_vars_offset(m_mark, m_todo, 0, e, m_sorts);
+}

src/ast/rewriter/var_subst.h

@@ -81,9 +81,23 @@ void instantiate(ast_manager & m, quantifier * q, expr * const * exprs, expr_ref
 
    Return the sorts of the free variables.
 */
-void get_free_vars(expr* e, ptr_vector<sort>& sorts);
 
-void get_free_vars(ast_mark& mark, ptr_vector<expr>& todo, expr* e, ptr_vector<sort>& sorts);
+class expr_free_vars {
+    expr_sparse_mark m_mark;
+    ptr_vector<sort> m_sorts;
+    ptr_vector<expr> m_todo;
+public:    
+    void reset();
+    void operator()(expr* e);
+    void accumulate(expr* e);
+    bool empty() const { return m_sorts.empty(); }
+    unsigned size() const { return m_sorts.size(); }
+    sort* operator[](unsigned idx) const { return m_sorts[idx]; }
+    bool contains(unsigned idx) const { return idx < m_sorts.size() && m_sorts[idx] != 0; }
+    void set_default_sort(sort* s);
+    void reverse() { m_sorts.reverse(); }
+    sort*const* c_ptr() const { return m_sorts.c_ptr(); }  
+};
 
 #endif
 

src/ast/simplifier/base_simplifier.h

@@ -20,21 +20,32 @@ Notes:
 #define _BASE_SIMPLIFIER_H_
 
 #include"expr_map.h"
+#include"ast_pp.h"
 
 /**
    \brief Implements basic functionality used by expression simplifiers.
 */
 class base_simplifier {
 protected:
-    ast_manager &                  m_manager;
+    ast_manager &                  m;
     expr_map                       m_cache;
     ptr_vector<expr>               m_todo;
 
-    void cache_result(expr * n, expr * r, proof * p) { m_cache.insert(n, r, p); }
+    void cache_result(expr * n, expr * r, proof * p) { 
+        m_cache.insert(n, r, p); 
+        CTRACE("simplifier", !is_rewrite_proof(n, r, p),
+               tout << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";
+               tout << mk_pp(r, m) << "\n";
+               tout << mk_pp(p, m) << "\n";);
+        SASSERT(is_rewrite_proof(n, r, p));
+    }
     void reset_cache() { m_cache.reset(); }
     void flush_cache() { m_cache.flush(); }
     void get_cached(expr * n, expr * & r, proof * & p) const { m_cache.get(n, r, p); }
 
+    void reinitialize() { m_cache.set_store_proofs(m.fine_grain_proofs()); }
+
+
     void visit(expr * n, bool & visited) {
         if (!is_cached(n)) {
             m_todo.push_back(n);
@@ -44,11 +55,22 @@ protected:
 
 public:
     base_simplifier(ast_manager & m):
-        m_manager(m),
+        m(m),
         m_cache(m, m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
     }
     bool is_cached(expr * n) const {  return m_cache.contains(n); }
-    ast_manager & get_manager() { return m_manager; }
+    ast_manager & get_manager() { return m; }
+
+    bool is_rewrite_proof(expr* n, expr* r, proof* p) {
+        if (p && 
+            !m.is_undef_proof(p) && 
+            !(m.has_fact(p) && 
+              (m.is_eq(m.get_fact(p)) || m.is_oeq(m.get_fact(p)) || m.is_iff(m.get_fact(p))) && 
+              to_app(m.get_fact(p))->get_arg(0) == n && 
+              to_app(m.get_fact(p))->get_arg(1) == r)) return false;
+        
+        return (!m.fine_grain_proofs() || p || (n == r));
+    }
 };
 
 #endif /* _BASE_SIMPLIFIER_H_ */

src/ast/simplifier/bv_elim.cpp

@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ bool bv_elim_star::visit_quantifier(quantifier* q) {
 }
 
 void bv_elim_star::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier* q) {
-    quantifier_ref r(m_manager);
-    proof_ref pr(m_manager);
+    quantifier_ref r(m);
+    proof_ref pr(m);
     m_bv_elim.elim(q, r);
-    if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
-        pr = m_manager.mk_rewrite(q, r.get());
+    if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+        pr = m.mk_rewrite(q, r.get());
     }
     else {
         pr = 0;

src/ast/simplifier/datatype_simplifier_plugin.cpp

@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ bool datatype_simplifier_plugin::reduce(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr *
         }
         UNREACHABLE();
     }
+    case OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD:
+        return false;
     default:
         UNREACHABLE();
     }

src/ast/simplifier/elim_bounds.cpp

@@ -203,20 +203,20 @@ void elim_bounds_star::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
         cache_result(q, q, 0); 
         return;
     }
-    quantifier_ref new_q(m_manager);
+    quantifier_ref new_q(m);
     expr * new_body = 0;
     proof * new_pr;
     get_cached(q->get_expr(), new_body, new_pr);
-    new_q = m_manager.update_quantifier(q, new_body);
-    expr_ref r(m_manager);
+    new_q = m.update_quantifier(q, new_body);
+    expr_ref r(m);
     m_elim(new_q, r);
     if (q == r.get()) {
         cache_result(q, q, 0);
         return;
     }
-    proof_ref pr(m_manager);
-    if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs())
-        pr = m_manager.mk_rewrite(q, r); // TODO: improve justification
+    proof_ref pr(m);
+    if (m.fine_grain_proofs())
+        pr = m.mk_rewrite(q, r); // TODO: improve justification
     cache_result(q, r, pr);
 }
 

src/ast/simplifier/pull_ite_tree.cpp

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ pull_ite_tree_star::pull_ite_tree_star(ast_manager & m, simplifier & s):
 
 bool pull_ite_tree_star::get_subst(expr * n, expr_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
     if (is_app(n) && is_target(to_app(n))) {
-        app_ref tmp(m_manager);
+        app_ref tmp(m);
         m_proc(to_app(n), tmp, p);
         r = tmp;
         return true;
@@ -199,10 +199,10 @@ bool pull_cheap_ite_tree_star::is_target(app * n) const {
     bool r = 
         n->get_num_args() == 2 &&
         n->get_family_id() != null_family_id &&
-        m_manager.is_bool(n) &&
-        (m_manager.is_value(n->get_arg(0)) || m_manager.is_value(n->get_arg(1))) &&
-        (m_manager.is_term_ite(n->get_arg(0)) || m_manager.is_term_ite(n->get_arg(1)));
-    TRACE("pull_ite_target", tout << mk_pp(n, m_manager) << "\nresult: " << r << "\n";);
+        m.is_bool(n) &&
+        (m.is_value(n->get_arg(0)) || m.is_value(n->get_arg(1))) &&
+        (m.is_term_ite(n->get_arg(0)) || m.is_term_ite(n->get_arg(1)));
+    TRACE("pull_ite_target", tout << mk_pp(n, m) << "\nresult: " << r << "\n";);
     return r;
 }
 

src/ast/simplifier/push_app_ite.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ push_app_ite::~push_app_ite() {
 
 int push_app_ite::has_ite_arg(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args) {
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; i++)
-        if (m_manager.is_ite(args[i]))
+        if (m.is_ite(args[i]))
             return i;
     return -1;
 }
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ void push_app_ite::apply(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr * const * arg
     expr ** args_prime      = const_cast<expr**>(args);
     expr * old              = args_prime[ite_arg_idx];
     args_prime[ite_arg_idx] = t;
-    expr_ref t_new(m_manager);
+    expr_ref t_new(m);
     apply(decl, num_args, args_prime, t_new);
     args_prime[ite_arg_idx] = e;
-    expr_ref e_new(m_manager);
+    expr_ref e_new(m);
     apply(decl, num_args, args_prime, e_new);
     args_prime[ite_arg_idx] = old;
     expr * new_args[3] = { c, t_new, e_new };
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ void push_app_ite::apply(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr * const * arg
    \brief Default (conservative) implementation. Return true if there one and only one ite-term argument.
 */
 bool push_app_ite::is_target(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args) {
-    if (m_manager.is_ite(decl))
+    if (m.is_ite(decl))
         return false;
     bool found_ite = false;
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; i++) {
-        if (m_manager.is_ite(args[i]) && !m_manager.is_bool(args[i])) {
+        if (m.is_ite(args[i]) && !m.is_bool(args[i])) {
             if (found_ite) {
                 if (m_conservative)
                     return false;
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ bool push_app_ite::is_target(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr * const *
     }
     CTRACE("push_app_ite", found_ite, tout << "found target for push app ite:\n";
           tout << decl->get_name();
-          for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; i++) tout << " " << mk_pp(args[i], m_manager);
+          for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; i++) tout << " " << mk_pp(args[i], m);
           tout << "\n";);
     return found_ite;
 }
@@ -94,19 +94,19 @@ void push_app_ite::operator()(expr * s, expr_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
     reduce_core(s);
     get_cached(s, result, result_proof);
     r = result;
-    switch (m_manager.proof_mode()) {
+    switch (m.proof_mode()) {
     case PGM_DISABLED:
-        p = m_manager.mk_undef_proof();
+        p = m.mk_undef_proof();
         break;
     case PGM_COARSE:
         if (result == s)
-            p = m_manager.mk_reflexivity(s);
+            p = m.mk_reflexivity(s);
         else
-            p = m_manager.mk_rewrite_star(s, result, 0, 0);
+            p = m.mk_rewrite_star(s, result, 0, 0);
         break;
     case PGM_FINE:
         if (result == s)
-            p = m_manager.mk_reflexivity(s);
+            p = m.mk_reflexivity(s);
         else
             p = result_proof;
         break;
@@ -171,24 +171,24 @@ void push_app_ite::reduce1_app(app * n) {
     m_args.reset();
     
     func_decl * decl = n->get_decl();
-    proof_ref p1(m_manager);
+    proof_ref p1(m);
     get_args(n, m_args, p1);
 
-    expr_ref r(m_manager);
+    expr_ref r(m);
     if (is_target(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr()))
         apply(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr(), r);
     else
         mk_app(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr(), r);
     
-    if (!m_manager.fine_grain_proofs())
+    if (!m.fine_grain_proofs())
         cache_result(n, r, 0);
     else {
-        expr * s = m_manager.mk_app(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr());
+        expr * s = m.mk_app(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr());
         proof * p;
         if (n == r)
             p = 0;
         else if (r != s) 
-            p = m_manager.mk_transitivity(p1, m_manager.mk_rewrite(s, r));
+            p = m.mk_transitivity(p1, m.mk_rewrite(s, r));
         else
             p = p1;
         cache_result(n, r, p);
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ void push_app_ite::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
     proof * new_body_pr;
     get_cached(q->get_expr(), new_body, new_body_pr);
     
-    quantifier * new_q = m_manager.update_quantifier(q, new_body);
-    proof *      p     = q == new_q ? 0 : m_manager.mk_quant_intro(q, new_q, new_body_pr);   
+    quantifier * new_q = m.update_quantifier(q, new_body);
+    proof *      p     = q == new_q ? 0 : m.mk_quant_intro(q, new_q, new_body_pr);   
     cache_result(q, new_q, p);
 }
 

src/ast/simplifier/simplifier.cpp

@@ -61,16 +61,18 @@ void simplifier::enable_ac_support(bool flag) {
 */
 void simplifier::operator()(expr * s, expr_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
     m_need_reset = true;
+    reinitialize();
+    expr  * s_orig = s;
     expr  * old_s;
     expr  * result;
     proof * result_proof;
-    switch (m_manager.proof_mode()) {
+    switch (m.proof_mode()) {
     case PGM_DISABLED: // proof generation is disabled.
         reduce_core(s); 
         // after executing reduce_core, the result of the simplification is in the cache
         get_cached(s, result, result_proof);
         r = result;
-        p = m_manager.mk_undef_proof();
+        p = m.mk_undef_proof();
         break;
     case PGM_COARSE: // coarse proofs... in this case, we do not produce a step by step (fine grain) proof to show the equivalence (or equisatisfiability) of s an r.
         m_subst_proofs.reset(); // m_subst_proofs is an auxiliary vector that is used to justify substitutions. See comment on method get_subst. 
@@ -78,10 +80,10 @@ void simplifier::operator()(expr * s, expr_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
         get_cached(s, result, result_proof);
         r = result;
         if (result == s)
-            p = m_manager.mk_reflexivity(s);
+            p = m.mk_reflexivity(s);
         else {
             remove_duplicates(m_subst_proofs);
-            p = m_manager.mk_rewrite_star(s, result, m_subst_proofs.size(), m_subst_proofs.c_ptr());
+            p = m.mk_rewrite_star(s, result, m_subst_proofs.size(), m_subst_proofs.c_ptr());
         }
         break;
     case PGM_FINE: // fine grain proofs... in this mode, every proof step (or most of them) is described.
@@ -90,17 +92,20 @@ void simplifier::operator()(expr * s, expr_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
         // keep simplyfing until no further simplifications are possible.
         while (s != old_s) {
             TRACE("simplifier", tout << "simplification pass... " << s->get_id() << "\n";);
-            TRACE("simplifier_loop", tout << mk_ll_pp(s, m_manager) << "\n";);
+            TRACE("simplifier_loop", tout << mk_ll_pp(s, m) << "\n";);
             reduce_core(s);
             get_cached(s, result, result_proof);
-            if (result_proof != 0)
+            SASSERT(is_rewrite_proof(s, result, result_proof));
+            if (result_proof != 0) {
                 m_proofs.push_back(result_proof);
+            }
             old_s = s;
             s     = result;
         }
         SASSERT(s != 0);
         r = s;
-        p = m_proofs.empty() ? m_manager.mk_reflexivity(s) : m_manager.mk_transitivity(m_proofs.size(), m_proofs.c_ptr());
+        p = m_proofs.empty() ? m.mk_reflexivity(s) : m.mk_transitivity(m_proofs.size(), m_proofs.c_ptr());
+        SASSERT(is_rewrite_proof(s_orig, r, p));
         break;
     default:
         UNREACHABLE();
@@ -259,9 +264,9 @@ void simplifier::reduce1(expr * n) {
    specific simplifications via plugins.
 */
 void simplifier::reduce1_app(app * n) {
-    expr_ref r(m_manager);
-    proof_ref p(m_manager);
-    TRACE("reduce", tout << "reducing...\n" << mk_pp(n, m_manager) << "\n";);
+    expr_ref r(m);
+    proof_ref p(m);
+    TRACE("reduce", tout << "reducing...\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
     if (get_subst(n, r, p)) {
         TRACE("reduce", tout << "applying substitution...\n";);
         cache_result(n, r, p);
@@ -279,7 +284,7 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_app(app * n) {
 void simplifier::reduce1_app_core(app * n) {
     m_args.reset();
     func_decl * decl = n->get_decl();
-    proof_ref p1(m_manager);
+    proof_ref p1(m);
     // Stores the new arguments of n in m_args.
     // Let n be of the form
     // (decl arg_0 ... arg_{n-1})
@@ -296,23 +301,23 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_app_core(app * n) {
     //   If none of the arguments have been simplified, and n is not a theory symbol,
     //   Then no simplification is possible, and we can cache the result of the simplification of n as n.
     if (has_new_args || decl->get_family_id() != null_family_id) {
-        expr_ref r(m_manager);
-        TRACE("reduce", tout << "reduce1_app\n"; for(unsigned i = 0; i < m_args.size(); i++) tout << mk_ll_pp(m_args[i], m_manager););
+        expr_ref r(m);
+        TRACE("reduce", tout << "reduce1_app\n"; for(unsigned i = 0; i < m_args.size(); i++) tout << mk_ll_pp(m_args[i], m););
         // the method mk_app invokes get_subst and plugins to simplify
         // (decl arg_0' ... arg_{n-1}')
         mk_app(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr(), r);
-        if (!m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+        if (!m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
             cache_result(n, r, 0);
         }
         else {
-            expr * s = m_manager.mk_app(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr());
+            expr * s = m.mk_app(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr());
             proof * p;
             if (n == r)
                 p = 0;
             else if (r != s) 
                 // we use a "theory rewrite generic proof" to justify the step
                 // s = (decl arg_0' ... arg_{n-1}') --> r
-                p = m_manager.mk_transitivity(p1, m_manager.mk_rewrite(s, r));
+                p = m.mk_transitivity(p1, m.mk_rewrite(s, r));
             else
                 p = p1;
             cache_result(n, r, p);
@@ -354,11 +359,11 @@ bool is_ac_vector(app * n) {
 }
 
 void simplifier::reduce1_ac_app_core(app * n) {
-    app_ref    n_c(m_manager);
-    proof_ref  p1(m_manager);
+    app_ref    n_c(m);
+    proof_ref  p1(m);
     mk_ac_congruent_term(n, n_c, p1);
-    TRACE("ac", tout << "expr:\n" << mk_pp(n, m_manager) << "\ncongruent term:\n" << mk_pp(n_c, m_manager) << "\n";);
-    expr_ref r(m_manager); 
+    TRACE("ac", tout << "expr:\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\ncongruent term:\n" << mk_pp(n_c, m) << "\n";);
+    expr_ref r(m); 
     func_decl * decl = n->get_decl();
     family_id fid    = decl->get_family_id();
     plugin * p       = get_plugin(fid);
@@ -376,7 +381,7 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_ac_app_core(app * n) {
             // done...
         }
         else {
-            r = m_manager.mk_app(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr());
+            r = m.mk_app(decl, m_args.size(), m_args.c_ptr());
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -385,7 +390,7 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_ac_app_core(app * n) {
         get_ac_args(n_c, m_args, m_mults);
         TRACE("ac", tout << "AC args:\n";
               for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_args.size(); i++) {
-                  tout << mk_pp(m_args[i], m_manager) << " * " << m_mults[i] << "\n";
+                  tout << mk_pp(m_args[i], m) << " * " << m_mults[i] << "\n";
               });
         if (p != 0 && p->reduce(decl, m_args.size(), m_mults.c_ptr(), m_args.c_ptr(), r)) {
             // done...
@@ -393,12 +398,12 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_ac_app_core(app * n) {
         else {
             ptr_buffer<expr> new_args;
             expand_args(m_args.size(), m_mults.c_ptr(), m_args.c_ptr(), new_args);
-            r = m_manager.mk_app(decl, new_args.size(), new_args.c_ptr());
+            r = m.mk_app(decl, new_args.size(), new_args.c_ptr());
         }
     }
-    TRACE("ac", tout << "AC result:\n" << mk_pp(r, m_manager) << "\n";);
+    TRACE("ac", tout << "AC result:\n" << mk_pp(r, m) << "\n";);
 
-    if (!m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+    if (!m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
         cache_result(n, r, 0);
     }
     else {
@@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_ac_app_core(app * n) {
         if (n == r.get())
             p = 0;
         else if (r.get() != n_c.get()) 
-            p = m_manager.mk_transitivity(p1, m_manager.mk_rewrite(n_c, r));
+            p = m.mk_transitivity(p1, m.mk_rewrite(n_c, r));
         else
             p = p1;
         cache_result(n, r, p);
@@ -416,8 +421,8 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_ac_app_core(app * n) {
 static unsigned g_rewrite_lemma_id = 0;
 
 void simplifier::dump_rewrite_lemma(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr* result) {
-    expr_ref arg(m_manager);
-    arg = m_manager.mk_app(decl, num_args, args);
+    expr_ref arg(m);
+    arg = m.mk_app(decl, num_args, args);
     if (arg.get() != result) {
         char buffer[128];
 #ifdef _WINDOWS
@@ -425,11 +430,11 @@ void simplifier::dump_rewrite_lemma(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr *
 #else
         sprintf(buffer, "rewrite_lemma_%d.smt", g_rewrite_lemma_id);
 #endif        
-        ast_smt_pp pp(m_manager);
+        ast_smt_pp pp(m);
         pp.set_benchmark_name("rewrite_lemma");
         pp.set_status("unsat");
-        expr_ref n(m_manager);
-        n = m_manager.mk_not(m_manager.mk_eq(arg.get(), result));
+        expr_ref n(m);
+        n = m.mk_not(m.mk_eq(arg.get(), result));
         std::ofstream out(buffer);
         pp.display(out, n);
         out.close();
@@ -445,14 +450,14 @@ void simplifier::dump_rewrite_lemma(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr *
 */
 void simplifier::mk_app(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result) {
     m_need_reset = true;
-    if (m_manager.is_eq(decl)) {
-        sort * s = m_manager.get_sort(args[0]);
+    if (m.is_eq(decl)) {
+        sort * s = m.get_sort(args[0]);
         plugin * p = get_plugin(s->get_family_id());
         if (p != 0 && p->reduce_eq(args[0], args[1], result))
             return;
     }
-    else if (m_manager.is_distinct(decl)) {
-        sort * s = m_manager.get_sort(args[0]);
+    else if (m.is_distinct(decl)) {
+        sort * s = m.get_sort(args[0]);
         plugin * p = get_plugin(s->get_family_id());
         if (p != 0 && p->reduce_distinct(num_args, args, result))
             return;
@@ -464,7 +469,7 @@ void simplifier::mk_app(func_decl * decl, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args
         //dump_rewrite_lemma(decl, num_args, args, result.get());
         return;
     }
-    result = m_manager.mk_app(decl, num_args, args);
+    result = m.mk_app(decl, num_args, args);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -484,7 +489,7 @@ void simplifier::mk_congruent_term(app * n, app_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
         get_cached(arg, new_arg, arg_proof);
 
         CTRACE("simplifier_bug", (arg != new_arg) != (arg_proof != 0), 
-               tout << mk_ll_pp(arg, m_manager) << "\n---->\n" << mk_ll_pp(new_arg, m_manager) << "\n";
+               tout << mk_ll_pp(arg, m) << "\n---->\n" << mk_ll_pp(new_arg, m) << "\n";
                tout << "#" << arg->get_id() << " #" << new_arg->get_id() << "\n";
                tout << arg << " " << new_arg << "\n";);
         
@@ -500,11 +505,11 @@ void simplifier::mk_congruent_term(app * n, app_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
         args.push_back(new_arg);
     }
     if (has_new_args) {
-        r = m_manager.mk_app(n->get_decl(), args.size(), args.c_ptr());
+        r = m.mk_app(n->get_decl(), args.size(), args.c_ptr());
         if (m_use_oeq)
-            p = m_manager.mk_oeq_congruence(n, r, proofs.size(), proofs.c_ptr());
+            p = m.mk_oeq_congruence(n, r, proofs.size(), proofs.c_ptr());
         else
-            p = m_manager.mk_congruence(n, r, proofs.size(), proofs.c_ptr());
+            p = m.mk_congruence(n, r, proofs.size(), proofs.c_ptr());
     }
     else {
         r = n;
@@ -523,8 +528,8 @@ void simplifier::mk_congruent_term(app * n, app_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
 bool simplifier::get_args(app * n, ptr_vector<expr> & result, proof_ref & p) {
     bool has_new_args  = false;
     unsigned num       = n->get_num_args();
-    if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
-        app_ref r(m_manager);
+    if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+        app_ref r(m);
         mk_congruent_term(n, r, p);
         result.append(r->get_num_args(), r->get_args());
         SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == result.size());
@@ -582,7 +587,7 @@ void simplifier::mk_ac_congruent_term(app * n, app_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
                     new_args.push_back(new_arg);
                     if (arg != new_arg)
                         has_new_arg = true;
-                    if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+                    if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
                         proof * pr = 0;
                         m_ac_pr_cache.find(to_app(arg), pr);
                         if (pr != 0)
@@ -601,7 +606,7 @@ void simplifier::mk_ac_congruent_term(app * n, app_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
                 new_args.push_back(new_arg);
                 if (arg != new_arg)
                     has_new_arg = true;
-                if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs() && pr != 0)
+                if (m.fine_grain_proofs() && pr != 0)
                     new_arg_prs.push_back(pr);
             }
         }
@@ -610,14 +615,14 @@ void simplifier::mk_ac_congruent_term(app * n, app_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
             todo.pop_back();
             if (!has_new_arg) {
                 m_ac_cache.insert(curr, curr);
-                if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) 
+                if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) 
                     m_ac_pr_cache.insert(curr, 0);
             }
             else {
-                app * new_curr = m_manager.mk_app(f, new_args.size(), new_args.c_ptr());
+                app * new_curr = m.mk_app(f, new_args.size(), new_args.c_ptr());
                 m_ac_cache.insert(curr, new_curr);
-                if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
-                    proof * p = m_manager.mk_congruence(curr, new_curr, new_arg_prs.size(), new_arg_prs.c_ptr());
+                if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+                    proof * p = m.mk_congruence(curr, new_curr, new_arg_prs.size(), new_arg_prs.c_ptr());
                     m_ac_pr_cache.insert(curr, p);
                 }
             }
@@ -628,7 +633,7 @@ void simplifier::mk_ac_congruent_term(app * n, app_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
     app *   new_n = 0;
     m_ac_cache.find(n, new_n);
     r = new_n;
-    if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+    if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
         proof * new_pr = 0;
         m_ac_pr_cache.find(n, new_pr);
         p = new_pr;
@@ -719,7 +724,7 @@ void simplifier::get_ac_args(app * n, ptr_vector<expr> & args, vector<rational>
     SASSERT(!sorted_exprs.empty());
     SASSERT(sorted_exprs[sorted_exprs.size()-1] == n);
     
-    TRACE("ac", tout << mk_ll_pp(n, m_manager, true, false) << "#" << n->get_id() << "\nsorted expressions...\n";
+    TRACE("ac", tout << mk_ll_pp(n, m, true, false) << "#" << n->get_id() << "\nsorted expressions...\n";
           for (unsigned i = 0; i < sorted_exprs.size(); i++) {
               tout << "#" << sorted_exprs[i]->get_id() << " ";
           }
@@ -754,10 +759,10 @@ void simplifier::get_ac_args(app * n, ptr_vector<expr> & args, vector<rational>
 void simplifier::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
     expr *  new_body;
     proof * new_body_pr;
-    SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m_manager, q));
+    SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, q));
     get_cached(q->get_expr(), new_body, new_body_pr);
 
-    quantifier_ref q1(m_manager);
+    quantifier_ref q1(m);
     proof * p1 = 0;
     
     if (is_quantifier(new_body) && 
@@ -774,7 +779,7 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
         sorts.append(nested_q->get_num_decls(), nested_q->get_decl_sorts());
         names.append(nested_q->get_num_decls(), nested_q->get_decl_names());
 
-        q1 = m_manager.mk_quantifier(q->is_forall(),
+        q1 = m.mk_quantifier(q->is_forall(),
                                      sorts.size(),
                                      sorts.c_ptr(),
                                      names.c_ptr(),
@@ -783,13 +788,13 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
                                      q->get_qid(),
                                      q->get_skid(),
                                      0, 0, 0, 0);
-        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m_manager, q1));
+        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, q1));
         
-        if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
-            quantifier * q0 = m_manager.update_quantifier(q, new_body);
-            proof * p0 = q == q0 ? 0 : m_manager.mk_quant_intro(q, q0, new_body_pr);
-            p1 = m_manager.mk_pull_quant(q0, q1);
-            p1 = m_manager.mk_transitivity(p0, p1);
+        if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+            quantifier * q0 = m.update_quantifier(q, new_body);
+            proof * p0 = q == q0 ? 0 : m.mk_quant_intro(q, q0, new_body_pr);
+            p1 = m.mk_pull_quant(q0, q1);
+            p1 = m.mk_transitivity(p0, p1);
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -802,7 +807,7 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
         unsigned num = q->get_num_patterns();
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; i++) {
             get_cached(q->get_pattern(i), new_pattern, new_pattern_pr);
-            if (m_manager.is_pattern(new_pattern)) {
+            if (m.is_pattern(new_pattern)) {
                 new_patterns.push_back(new_pattern);
             }            
         }
@@ -815,7 +820,7 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
         remove_duplicates(new_patterns);
         remove_duplicates(new_no_patterns);
 
-        q1 = m_manager.mk_quantifier(q->is_forall(),
+        q1 = m.mk_quantifier(q->is_forall(),
                                      q->get_num_decls(),
                                      q->get_decl_sorts(),
                                      q->get_decl_names(),
@@ -827,26 +832,26 @@ void simplifier::reduce1_quantifier(quantifier * q) {
                                      new_patterns.c_ptr(),
                                      new_no_patterns.size(),
                                      new_no_patterns.c_ptr());
-        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m_manager, q1));
+        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, q1));
 
-        TRACE("simplifier", tout << mk_pp(q, m_manager) << "\n" << mk_pp(q1, m_manager) << "\n";);
-        if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+        TRACE("simplifier", tout << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n" << mk_pp(q1, m) << "\n";);
+        if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
             if (q != q1 && !new_body_pr) {
-                new_body_pr = m_manager.mk_rewrite(q->get_expr(), new_body);
+                new_body_pr = m.mk_rewrite(q->get_expr(), new_body);
             }
-            p1 = q == q1 ? 0 : m_manager.mk_quant_intro(q, q1, new_body_pr);
+            p1 = q == q1 ? 0 : m.mk_quant_intro(q, q1, new_body_pr);
         }
     }
     
-    expr_ref r(m_manager);
-    elim_unused_vars(m_manager, q1, r);
+    expr_ref r(m);
+    elim_unused_vars(m, q1, r);
     
     proof * pr = 0;
-    if (m_manager.fine_grain_proofs()) {
+    if (m.fine_grain_proofs()) {
         proof * p2 = 0;
         if (q1.get() != r.get())
-            p2 = m_manager.mk_elim_unused_vars(q1, r);
-        pr = m_manager.mk_transitivity(p1, p2);
+            p2 = m.mk_elim_unused_vars(q1, r);
+        pr = m.mk_transitivity(p1, p2);
     }
 
     cache_result(q, r, pr);
@@ -892,7 +897,7 @@ bool subst_simplifier::get_subst(expr * n, expr_ref & r, proof_ref & p) {
         m_subst_map->get(n, _r, _p);
         r = _r;
         p = _p;
-        if (m_manager.coarse_grain_proofs()) 
+        if (m.coarse_grain_proofs()) 
             m_subst_proofs.push_back(p);
         return true;
     }

src/ast/simplifier/simplifier.h

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ public:
 
     plugin * get_plugin(family_id fid) const { return m_plugins.get_plugin(fid); }
 
-    ast_manager & get_manager() { return m_manager; }
+    ast_manager & get_manager() { return m; }
 
     void borrow_plugins(simplifier const & s);
     void release_plugins();

src/ast/substitution/substitution_tree.cpp

@@ -793,8 +793,10 @@ bool substitution_tree::visit(expr * e, st_visitor & st, node * r) {
                 }
                 else {
                     TRACE("st_bug", tout << "found match:\n"; m_subst->display(tout); tout << "m_subst: " << m_subst << "\n";);
-                    if (!st(n->m_expr))
+                    if (!st(n->m_expr)) {
+                        clear_stack();
                         return false;
+                    }
                     if (!backtrack())
                         break;
                 }
@@ -806,12 +808,16 @@ bool substitution_tree::visit(expr * e, st_visitor & st, node * r) {
         else if (!backtrack())
             break;
     }
+    clear_stack();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void substitution_tree::clear_stack() {
     while (!m_bstack.empty()) {
         m_subst->pop_scope();
         m_bstack.pop_back();
     }
     m_subst->pop_scope();
-    return true;
 }
 
 template<substitution_tree::st_visit_mode Mode>

src/ast/substitution/substitution_tree.h

@@ -123,6 +123,8 @@ class substitution_tree {
     template<st_visit_mode Mode>
     void visit(expr * e, st_visitor & st, unsigned in_offset, unsigned st_offset, unsigned reg_offset);
 
+    void clear_stack();
+
 public:
     substitution_tree(ast_manager & m);
     ~substitution_tree();

src/cmd_context/cmd_context.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Notes:
 #include"datatype_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"seq_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"float_decl_plugin.h"
+#include"pb_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"ast_pp.h"
 #include"var_subst.h"
 #include"pp.h"
@@ -314,8 +315,9 @@ cmd_context::cmd_context(bool main_ctx, ast_manager * m, symbol const & l):
     m_numeral_as_real(false),
     m_ignore_check(false),
     m_exit_on_error(false),
-    m_manager(m),
+    m_manager(m),   
     m_own_manager(m == 0),
+    m_manager_initialized(false),
     m_pmanager(0),
     m_sexpr_manager(0),
     m_regular("stdout", std::cout),
@@ -326,8 +328,6 @@ cmd_context::cmd_context(bool main_ctx, ast_manager * m, symbol const & l):
     install_core_tactic_cmds(*this);
     install_interpolant_cmds(*this);
     SASSERT(m != 0 || !has_manager());
-    if (m)
-        init_external_manager();
     if (m_main_ctx) { 
         set_verbose_stream(diagnostic_stream());
     }
@@ -337,10 +337,10 @@ cmd_context::~cmd_context() {
     if (m_main_ctx) {
         set_verbose_stream(std::cerr);
     }
-    reset(true); 
     finalize_cmds();
     finalize_tactic_cmds();
     finalize_probes();
+    reset(true); 
     m_solver = 0;
     m_check_sat_result = 0;
 }
@@ -358,6 +358,18 @@ void cmd_context::set_cancel(bool f) {
         m().set_cancel(f);
 }
 
+opt_wrapper* cmd_context::get_opt() {
+    return m_opt.get();
+}
+
+void cmd_context::set_opt(opt_wrapper* opt) {
+    m_opt = opt;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_scopes.size(); ++i) {
+        m_opt->push();
+    }
+    m_opt->set_logic(m_logic);
+}
+
 void cmd_context::global_params_updated() {
     m_params.updt_params();
     if (m_params.m_smtlib2_compliant)
@@ -471,6 +483,16 @@ void cmd_context::register_plugin(symbol const & name, decl_plugin * p, bool ins
     }
 }
 
+void cmd_context::load_plugin(symbol const & name, bool install, svector<family_id>& fids) {
+    family_id id = m_manager->get_family_id(name);
+    decl_plugin* p = m_manager->get_plugin(id);
+    if (install && p && fids.contains(id)) {
+        register_builtin_sorts(p);
+        register_builtin_ops(p);
+    }
+    fids.erase(id);
+}
+
 bool cmd_context::logic_has_arith_core(symbol const & s) const {
     return 
         s == "QF_LRA" ||
@@ -551,6 +573,7 @@ bool cmd_context::logic_has_floats() const {
     return !has_logic() || m_logic == "QF_FPA" || m_logic == "QF_FPABV";
 }
 
+
 bool cmd_context::logic_has_array_core(symbol const & s) const {
     return 
         s == "QF_AX" ||
@@ -587,17 +610,27 @@ void cmd_context::init_manager_core(bool new_manager) {
         register_builtin_sorts(basic);
         register_builtin_ops(basic);
         // the manager was created by the command context.
-        register_plugin(symbol("arith"), alloc(arith_decl_plugin), logic_has_arith());
-        register_plugin(symbol("bv"), alloc(bv_decl_plugin), logic_has_bv());
-        register_plugin(symbol("array"), alloc(array_decl_plugin), logic_has_array());
+        register_plugin(symbol("arith"),    alloc(arith_decl_plugin), logic_has_arith());
+        register_plugin(symbol("bv"),       alloc(bv_decl_plugin), logic_has_bv());
+        register_plugin(symbol("array"),    alloc(array_decl_plugin), logic_has_array());
         register_plugin(symbol("datatype"), alloc(datatype_decl_plugin), logic_has_datatype());
         register_plugin(symbol("seq"),      alloc(seq_decl_plugin), logic_has_seq());
         register_plugin(symbol("float"),    alloc(float_decl_plugin), logic_has_floats());
+        register_plugin(symbol("pb"),     alloc(pb_decl_plugin), !has_logic());
     }
     else {
-        // the manager was created by an external module, we must register all plugins available in the manager.
+        // the manager was created by an external module
+        // we register all plugins available in the manager.
+        // unless the logic specifies otherwise.
         svector<family_id> fids;
         m_manager->get_range(fids);
+        load_plugin(symbol("arith"),    logic_has_arith(), fids);
+        load_plugin(symbol("bv"),       logic_has_bv(), fids);
+        load_plugin(symbol("array"),    logic_has_array(), fids);
+        load_plugin(symbol("datatype"), logic_has_datatype(), fids);
+        load_plugin(symbol("seq"),      logic_has_seq(), fids);
+        load_plugin(symbol("float"),    logic_has_floats(), fids);
+        
         svector<family_id>::iterator it  = fids.begin();
         svector<family_id>::iterator end = fids.end();
         for (; it != end; ++it) {
@@ -620,12 +653,22 @@ void cmd_context::init_manager_core(bool new_manager) {
 }
 
 void cmd_context::init_manager() {
-    SASSERT(m_manager == 0);
-    SASSERT(m_pmanager == 0);
-    m_check_sat_result = 0;
-    m_manager  = m_params.mk_ast_manager();
-    m_pmanager = alloc(pdecl_manager, *m_manager);
-    init_manager_core(true);
+    if (m_manager_initialized) {
+        // no-op
+    }
+    else if (m_manager) {
+        m_manager_initialized = true;
+        SASSERT(!m_own_manager);
+        init_external_manager();
+    }
+    else {
+        m_manager_initialized = true;
+        SASSERT(m_pmanager == 0);
+        m_check_sat_result = 0;
+        m_manager  = m_params.mk_ast_manager();
+        m_pmanager = alloc(pdecl_manager, *m_manager);
+        init_manager_core(true);
+    }
 }
 
 void cmd_context::init_external_manager() {
@@ -708,7 +751,7 @@ void cmd_context::insert(symbol const & s, func_decl * f) {
     if (!m_global_decls) {
         m_func_decls_stack.push_back(sf_pair(s, f));
     }
-    TRACE("cmd_context", tout << "new sort decl\n" << mk_pp(f, m()) << "\n";);
+    TRACE("cmd_context", tout << "new function decl\n" << mk_pp(f, m()) << "\n";);
 }
 
 void cmd_context::insert(symbol const & s, psort_decl * p) {
@@ -1141,7 +1184,6 @@ void cmd_context::insert_aux_pdecl(pdecl * p) {
 }
 
 void cmd_context::reset(bool finalize) {
-    m_check_sat_result = 0;
     m_logic = symbol::null;
     m_check_sat_result = 0;
     m_numeral_as_real = false;
@@ -1157,6 +1199,7 @@ void cmd_context::reset(bool finalize) {
     restore_assertions(0);
     if (m_solver)
         m_solver = 0;
+    m_opt = 0;
     m_pp_env = 0;
     m_dt_eh  = 0;
     if (m_manager) {
@@ -1165,12 +1208,15 @@ void cmd_context::reset(bool finalize) {
         if (m_own_manager) {
             dealloc(m_manager);
             m_manager = 0;
+            m_manager_initialized = false;
         }
         else {
             // doesn't own manager... so it cannot be deleted
             // reinit cmd_context if this is not a finalization step
             if (!finalize)
                 init_external_manager();
+            else 
+                m_manager_initialized = false;
         }
     }
     if (m_sexpr_manager) {
@@ -1211,8 +1257,7 @@ void cmd_context::assert_expr(symbol const & name, expr * t) {
 
 void cmd_context::push() {
     m_check_sat_result = 0;
-    if (!has_manager())
-        init_manager();
+    init_manager();
     m_scopes.push_back(scope());
     scope & s = m_scopes.back();
     s.m_func_decls_stack_lim   = m_func_decls_stack.size();
@@ -1222,6 +1267,8 @@ void cmd_context::push() {
     s.m_assertions_lim         = m_assertions.size();
     if (m_solver) 
         m_solver->push();
+    if (m_opt) 
+        m_opt->push();
 }
 
 void cmd_context::push(unsigned n) {
@@ -1317,6 +1364,8 @@ void cmd_context::pop(unsigned n) {
     if (m_solver) {
         m_solver->pop(n);
     }
+    if (m_opt) 
+        m_opt->pop(n);
     unsigned new_lvl = lvl - n;
     scope & s        = m_scopes[new_lvl];
     restore_func_decls(s.m_func_decls_stack_lim);
@@ -1332,17 +1381,49 @@ void cmd_context::check_sat(unsigned num_assumptions, expr * const * assumptions
         return;
     IF_VERBOSE(100, verbose_stream() << "(started \"check-sat\")" << std::endl;);
     TRACE("before_check_sat", dump_assertions(tout););
-    if (!has_manager())
-        init_manager();
-    if (m_solver) {
+    init_manager();
+    unsigned timeout = m_params.m_timeout;
+    scoped_watch sw(*this);
+    lbool r;
+
+    if (m_opt && !m_opt->empty()) {
+        bool was_pareto = false;
+        m_check_sat_result = get_opt();
+        cancel_eh<opt_wrapper> eh(*get_opt());
+        scoped_ctrl_c ctrlc(eh);
+        scoped_timer timer(timeout, &eh);
+        ptr_vector<expr> cnstr(m_assertions);
+        cnstr.append(num_assumptions, assumptions);
+        get_opt()->set_hard_constraints(cnstr);
+        try {
+            r = get_opt()->optimize();
+            while (r == l_true && get_opt()->is_pareto()) {
+                was_pareto = true;
+                get_opt()->display_assignment(regular_stream());
+                regular_stream() << "\n";
+                r = get_opt()->optimize();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (z3_error & ex) {
+            throw ex;
+        }
+        catch (z3_exception & ex) {
+            throw cmd_exception(ex.msg());
+        }
+        if (was_pareto && r == l_false) {
+            r = l_true;
+        }
+        get_opt()->set_status(r);
+        if (r != l_false && !was_pareto) {
+            get_opt()->display_assignment(regular_stream());
+        }
+    }
+    else if (m_solver) {
         m_check_sat_result = m_solver.get(); // solver itself stores the result.
         m_solver->set_progress_callback(this);
-        unsigned timeout     = m_params.m_timeout;
-        scoped_watch sw(*this);
         cancel_eh<solver> eh(*m_solver);
         scoped_ctrl_c ctrlc(eh);
         scoped_timer timer(timeout, &eh);
-        lbool r;
         try {
             r = m_solver->check_sat(num_assumptions, assumptions);
         }
@@ -1353,15 +1434,17 @@ void cmd_context::check_sat(unsigned num_assumptions, expr * const * assumptions
             throw cmd_exception(ex.msg());
         }
         m_solver->set_status(r);
-        display_sat_result(r);
-        validate_check_sat_result(r);
-        if (r == l_true)
-            validate_model();
     }
     else {
         // There is no solver installed in the command context.
         regular_stream() << "unknown" << std::endl;
+        return;
     }
+    display_sat_result(r);
+    validate_check_sat_result(r);
+    if (r == l_true)
+        validate_model();
+
 }
 
 void cmd_context::display_sat_result(lbool r) {
@@ -1538,6 +1621,9 @@ void cmd_context::display_statistics(bool show_total_time, double total_time) {
     else if (m_solver) {
         m_solver->collect_statistics(st);
     }
+    else if (m_opt) {
+        m_opt->collect_statistics(st);
+    }
     st.display_smt2(regular_stream());
 }
 

src/cmd_context/cmd_context.h

@@ -111,6 +111,21 @@ struct builtin_decl {
     builtin_decl(family_id fid, decl_kind k, builtin_decl * n = 0):m_fid(fid), m_decl(k), m_next(n) {}
 };
 
+class opt_wrapper : public check_sat_result {
+public:
+    virtual bool empty() = 0;
+    virtual void push() = 0;
+    virtual void pop(unsigned n) = 0;
+    virtual void set_cancel(bool f) = 0;
+    virtual void reset_cancel() = 0;
+    virtual void cancel() = 0;
+    virtual lbool optimize() = 0;
+    virtual void set_hard_constraints(ptr_vector<expr> & hard) = 0;
+    virtual void display_assignment(std::ostream& out) = 0;
+    virtual bool is_pareto() = 0;
+    virtual void set_logic(symbol const& s) = 0;
+};
+
 class cmd_context : public progress_callback, public tactic_manager, public ast_printer_context {
 public:
     enum status {
@@ -149,6 +164,7 @@ protected:
 
     ast_manager *                m_manager;
     bool                         m_own_manager;
+    bool                         m_manager_initialized;
     pdecl_manager *              m_pmanager;
     sexpr_manager *              m_sexpr_manager;
     check_logic                  m_check_logic;
@@ -187,8 +203,9 @@ protected:
     svector<scope>               m_scopes;
     scoped_ptr<solver_factory>   m_solver_factory;
     scoped_ptr<solver_factory>   m_interpolating_solver_factory;
-    ref<solver>                  m_solver;
+    ref<solver>                  m_solver;    
     ref<check_sat_result>        m_check_sat_result;
+    ref<opt_wrapper>             m_opt;
 
     stopwatch                    m_watch;
 
@@ -212,7 +229,7 @@ protected:
 
     void register_builtin_sorts(decl_plugin * p);
     void register_builtin_ops(decl_plugin * p);
-    void register_plugin(symbol const & name, decl_plugin * p, bool install_names);
+    void load_plugin(symbol const & name, bool install_names, svector<family_id>& fids);
     void init_manager_core(bool new_manager);
     void init_manager();
     void init_external_manager();
@@ -256,6 +273,8 @@ public:
     context_params  & params() { return m_params; }
     solver_factory &get_solver_factory() { return *m_solver_factory; }
     solver_factory &get_interpolating_solver_factory() { return *m_interpolating_solver_factory; }
+    opt_wrapper*  get_opt();
+    void          set_opt(opt_wrapper* o);
     void global_params_updated(); // this method should be invoked when global (and module) params are updated.
     bool set_logic(symbol const & s);
     bool has_logic() const { return m_logic != symbol::null; }
@@ -293,7 +312,7 @@ public:
     std::string reason_unknown() const;
 
     bool has_manager() const { return m_manager != 0; }
-    ast_manager & m() const { if (!m_manager) const_cast<cmd_context*>(this)->init_manager(); return *m_manager; }
+    ast_manager & m() const { const_cast<cmd_context*>(this)->init_manager(); return *m_manager; }
     virtual ast_manager & get_ast_manager() { return m(); }
     pdecl_manager & pm() const { if (!m_pmanager) const_cast<cmd_context*>(this)->init_manager(); return *m_pmanager; }
     sexpr_manager & sm() const { if (!m_sexpr_manager) const_cast<cmd_context*>(this)->m_sexpr_manager = alloc(sexpr_manager); return *m_sexpr_manager; }
@@ -304,7 +323,8 @@ public:
     check_sat_result * get_check_sat_result() const { return m_check_sat_result.get(); }
     check_sat_state cs_state() const;
     void validate_model();
-    
+
+    void register_plugin(symbol const & name, decl_plugin * p, bool install_names);    
     bool is_func_decl(symbol const & s) const;
     bool is_sort_decl(symbol const& s) const { return m_psort_decls.contains(s); }
     void insert(cmd * c);

src/cmd_context/context_params.cpp

@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ void context_params::set(char const * param, char const * value) {
         set_bool(m_smtlib2_compliant, param, value);
     }
     else {
-       param_descrs d;
-       collect_param_descrs(d);
-       std::stringstream strm;
-       strm << "unknown parameter '" << p << "'\n";
-       strm << "Legal parameters are:\n";
-       d.display(strm, 2, false, false);
-       throw default_exception(strm.str());        
+        param_descrs d;
+        collect_param_descrs(d);
+        std::stringstream strm;
+        strm << "unknown parameter '" << p << "'\n";
+        strm << "Legal parameters are:\n";
+        d.display(strm, 2, false, false);
+        throw default_exception(strm.str());        
     }
 }
 

src/duality/duality.h

@@ -778,6 +778,10 @@ protected:
       struct Bad {
       };
       
+      // thrown on more serious internal error
+      struct ReallyBad {
+      };
+
       /** Pop a scope (see Push). Note, you cannot pop axioms. */
       
       void Pop(int num_scopes);