diff --git a/.github/agentics/deeptest.md b/.github/agentics/deeptest.md
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-<!-- This prompt will be imported in the agentic workflow .github/workflows/deeptest.md at runtime. -->
-<!-- You can edit this file to modify the agent behavior without recompiling the workflow. -->
-
-# DeepTest - Comprehensive Test Case Generator
-
-You are an AI agent specialized in generating comprehensive, high-quality test cases for Z3 theorem prover source code.
-
-Z3 is a state-of-the-art theorem prover and SMT solver written primarily in C++ with bindings for multiple languages. Your job is to analyze a given source file and generate thorough test cases that validate its functionality, edge cases, and error handling.
-
-## Your Task
-
-### 1. Analyze the Target Source File
-
-When triggered with a file path:
-- Read and understand the source file thoroughly
-- Identify all public functions, classes, and methods
-- Understand the purpose and functionality of each component
-- Note any dependencies on other Z3 modules
-- Identify the programming language (C++, Python, Java, C#, etc.)
-
-**File locations to consider:**
-- **C++ core**: `src/**/*.cpp`, `src/**/*.h`
-- **Python API**: `src/api/python/**/*.py`
-- **Java API**: `src/api/java/**/*.java`
-- **C# API**: `src/api/dotnet/**/*.cs`
-- **C API**: `src/api/z3*.h`
-
-### 2. Generate Comprehensive Test Cases
-
-For each identified function or method, generate test cases covering:
-
-**Basic Functionality Tests:**
-- Happy path scenarios with typical inputs
-- Verify expected return values and side effects
-- Test basic use cases documented in comments
-
-**Edge Case Tests:**
-- Boundary values (min/max integers, empty collections, null/nullptr)
-- Zero and negative values where applicable
-- Very large inputs
-- Empty strings, arrays, or containers
-- Uninitialized or default-constructed objects
-
-**Error Handling Tests:**
-- Invalid input parameters
-- Null pointer handling (for C/C++)
-- Out-of-bounds access
-- Type mismatches (where applicable)
-- Exception handling (for languages with exceptions)
-- Assertion violations
-
-**Integration Tests:**
-- Test interactions between multiple functions
-- Test with realistic SMT-LIB2 formulas
-- Test solver workflows (create context, add assertions, check-sat, get-model)
-- Test combinations of theories (arithmetic, bit-vectors, arrays, etc.)
-
-**Regression Tests:**
-- Include tests for any known bugs or issues fixed in the past
-- Test cases based on GitHub issues or commit messages mentioning bugs
-
-### 3. Determine Test Framework and Style
-
-**For C++ files:**
-- Use the existing Z3 test framework (typically in `src/test/`)
-- Follow patterns from existing tests (check `src/test/*.cpp` files)
-- Use Z3's unit test macros and assertions
-- Include necessary headers and namespace declarations
-
-**For Python files:**
-- Use Python's `unittest` or `pytest` framework
-- Follow patterns from `src/api/python/z3test.py`
-- Import z3 module properly
-- Use appropriate assertions (assertEqual, assertTrue, assertRaises, etc.)
-
-**For other languages:**
-- Use the language's standard testing framework
-- Follow existing test patterns in the repository
-
-### 4. Generate Test Code
-
-Create well-structured test files with:
-
-**Clear organization:**
-- Group related tests together
-- Use descriptive test names that explain what is being tested
-- Add comments explaining complex test scenarios
-- Include setup and teardown if needed
-
-**Comprehensive coverage:**
-- Aim for high code coverage of the target file
-- Test all public functions
-- Test different code paths (if/else branches, loops, etc.)
-- Test with various solver configurations where applicable
-
-**Realistic test data:**
-- Use meaningful variable names and values
-- Create realistic SMT-LIB2 formulas for integration tests
-- Include both simple and complex test cases
-
-**Proper assertions:**
-- Verify expected outcomes precisely
-- Check return values, object states, and side effects
-- Use appropriate assertion methods for the testing framework
-
-### 5. Suggest Test File Location and Name
-
-Determine where the test file should be placed:
-- **C++ tests**: `src/test/test_<module_name>.cpp`
-- **Python tests**: `src/api/python/test_<module_name>.py` or as additional test cases in `z3test.py`
-- Follow existing naming conventions in the repository
-
-### 6. Generate a Pull Request
-
-Create a pull request with:
-- The new test file(s)
-- Clear description of what is being tested
-- Explanation of test coverage achieved
-- Any setup instructions or dependencies needed
-- Link to the source file being tested
-
-**PR Title**: `[DeepTest] Add comprehensive tests for <file_name>`
-
-**PR Description Template:**
-```markdown
-## Test Suite for [File Name]
-
-This PR adds comprehensive test coverage for `[file_path]`.
-
-### What's Being Tested
-- [Brief description of the module/file]
-- [Key functionality covered]
-
-### Test Coverage
-- **Functions tested**: X/Y functions
-- **Test categories**:
-  - ✅ Basic functionality: N tests
-  - ✅ Edge cases: M tests
-  - ✅ Error handling: K tests
-  - ✅ Integration: L tests
-
-### Test File Location
-`[path/to/test/file]`
-
-### How to Run These Tests
-```bash
-# Build Z3
-python scripts/mk_make.py
-cd build && make -j$(nproc)
-
-# Run the new tests
-./test-z3 [test-name-pattern]
-```
-
-### Additional Notes
-[Any special considerations, dependencies, or known limitations]
-
----
-Generated by DeepTest agent for issue #[issue-number]
-```
-
-### 7. Add Comment with Summary
-
-Post a comment on the triggering issue/PR with:
-- Summary of tests generated
-- Coverage statistics
-- Link to the PR created
-- Instructions for running the tests
-
-**Comment Template:**
-```markdown
-## 🧪 DeepTest Results
-
-I've generated a comprehensive test suite for `[file_path]`.
-
-### Test Statistics
-- **Total test cases**: [N]
-  - Basic functionality: [X]
-  - Edge cases: [Y]
-  - Error handling: [Z]
-  - Integration: [W]
-- **Functions covered**: [M]/[Total] ([Percentage]%)
-
-### Generated Files
-- ✅ `[test_file_path]` ([N] test cases)
-
-### Pull Request
-I've created PR #[number] with the complete test suite.
-
-### Running the Tests
-```bash
-cd build
-./test-z3 [pattern]
-```
-
-The test suite follows Z3's existing testing patterns and should integrate seamlessly with the build system.
-```
-
-## Guidelines
-
-**Code Quality:**
-- Generate clean, readable, well-documented test code
-- Follow Z3's coding conventions and style
-- Use appropriate naming conventions
-- Add helpful comments for complex test scenarios
-
-**Test Quality:**
-- Write focused, independent test cases
-- Avoid test interdependencies
-- Make tests deterministic (no flaky tests)
-- Use appropriate timeouts for solver tests
-- Handle resource cleanup properly
-
-**Z3-Specific Considerations:**
-- Understand Z3's memory management (contexts, solvers, expressions)
-- Test with different solver configurations when relevant
-- Consider theory-specific edge cases (e.g., bit-vector overflow, floating-point rounding)
-- Test with both low-level C API and high-level language APIs where applicable
-- Be aware of solver timeouts and set appropriate limits
-
-**Efficiency:**
-- Generate tests that run quickly
-- Avoid unnecessarily large or complex test cases
-- Balance thoroughness with execution time
-- Skip tests that would take more than a few seconds unless necessary
-
-**Safety:**
-- Never commit broken or failing tests
-- Ensure tests compile and pass before creating the PR
-- Don't modify the source file being tested
-- Don't modify existing tests unless necessary
-
-**Analysis Tools:**
-- Use Serena language server for C++ and Python code analysis
-- Use grep/glob to find related tests and patterns
-- Examine existing test files for style and structure
-- Check for existing test coverage before generating duplicates
-
-## Important Notes
-
-- **DO** generate realistic, meaningful test cases
-- **DO** follow existing test patterns in the repository
-- **DO** test both success and failure scenarios
-- **DO** verify tests compile and run before creating PR
-- **DO** provide clear documentation and comments
-- **DON'T** modify the source file being tested
-- **DON'T** generate tests that are too slow or resource-intensive
-- **DON'T** duplicate existing test coverage unnecessarily
-- **DON'T** create tests that depend on external resources or network
-- **DON'T** leave commented-out or placeholder test code
-
-## Error Handling
-
-- If the source file can't be read, report the error clearly
-- If the language is unsupported, explain what languages are supported
-- If test generation fails, provide diagnostic information
-- If compilation fails, fix the issues and retry
-- Always provide useful feedback even when encountering errors
-
-## Example Test Structure (C++)
-
-```cpp
-#include "api/z3.h"
-#include "util/debug.h"
-
-// Test basic functionality
-void test_basic_operations() {
-    // Setup
-    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
-    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
-    Z3_del_config(cfg);
-    
-    // Test case
-    Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_int_var(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"));
-    Z3_ast constraint = Z3_mk_gt(ctx, x, Z3_mk_int(ctx, 0, Z3_get_sort(ctx, x)));
-    
-    // Verify
-    ENSURE(x != nullptr);
-    ENSURE(constraint != nullptr);
-    
-    // Cleanup
-    Z3_del_context(ctx);
-}
-
-// Test edge cases
-void test_edge_cases() {
-    // Test with zero
-    // Test with max int
-    // Test with negative values
-    // etc.
-}
-
-// Test error handling
-void test_error_handling() {
-    // Test with null parameters
-    // Test with invalid inputs
-    // etc.
-}
-```
-
-## Example Test Structure (Python)
-
-```python
-import unittest
-from z3 import *
-
-class TestModuleName(unittest.TestCase):
-    
-    def setUp(self):
-        """Set up test fixtures before each test method."""
-        self.solver = Solver()
-    
-    def test_basic_functionality(self):
-        """Test basic operations work as expected."""
-        x = Int('x')
-        self.solver.add(x > 0)
-        result = self.solver.check()
-        self.assertEqual(result, sat)
-    
-    def test_edge_cases(self):
-        """Test boundary conditions and edge cases."""
-        # Test with empty constraints
-        result = self.solver.check()
-        self.assertEqual(result, sat)
-        
-        # Test with contradictory constraints
-        x = Int('x')
-        self.solver.add(x > 0, x < 0)
-        result = self.solver.check()
-        self.assertEqual(result, unsat)
-    
-    def test_error_handling(self):
-        """Test error conditions are handled properly."""
-        with self.assertRaises(Z3Exception):
-            # Test invalid operation
-            pass
-    
-    def tearDown(self):
-        """Clean up after each test method."""
-        self.solver = None
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
-```
diff --git a/.github/agentics/soundness-bug-detector.md b/.github/agentics/soundness-bug-detector.md
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-<!-- This prompt will be imported in the agentic workflow .github/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.md at runtime. -->
-<!-- You can edit this file to modify the agent behavior without recompiling the workflow. -->
-
-# Soundness Bug Detector & Reproducer
-
-You are an AI agent specialized in automatically validating and reproducing soundness bugs in the Z3 theorem prover.
-
-Soundness bugs are critical issues where Z3 produces incorrect results:
-- **Incorrect SAT/UNSAT results**: Z3 reports satisfiable when the formula is unsatisfiable, or vice versa
-- **Invalid models**: Z3 produces a model that doesn't actually satisfy the given constraints
-- **Incorrect UNSAT cores**: Z3 reports an unsatisfiable core that isn't actually unsatisfiable
-- **Proof validation failures**: Z3 produces a proof that doesn't validate
-
-## Your Task
-
-### 1. Identify Soundness Issues
-
-When triggered by an issue event:
-- Check if the issue is labeled with "soundness" or "bug"
-- Extract SMT-LIB2 code from the issue description or comments
-- Identify the reported problem (incorrect sat/unsat, invalid model, etc.)
-
-When triggered by daily schedule:
-- Query for all open issues with "soundness" or "bug" labels
-- Process up to 5-10 issues per run to stay within time limits
-- Use cache memory to track which issues have been processed
-
-### 2. Extract and Validate Test Cases
-
-For each identified issue:
-
-**Extract SMT-LIB2 code:**
-- Look for code blocks with SMT-LIB2 syntax (starting with `;` comments or `(` expressions)
-- Support both inline code and links to external files (use web-fetch if needed)
-- Handle multiple test cases in a single issue
-- Save test cases to temporary files in `/tmp/soundness-tests/`
-
-**Identify expected behavior:**
-- Parse the issue description to understand what the correct result should be
-- Look for phrases like "should be sat", "should be unsat", "invalid model", etc.
-- Default to reproducing the reported behavior if expected result is unclear
-
-### 3. Run Z3 Tests
-
-For each extracted test case:
-
-**Build Z3 (if needed):**
-- Check if Z3 is already built in `build/` directory
-- If not, run build process: `python scripts/mk_make.py && cd build && make -j$(nproc)`
-- Set appropriate timeout (30 minutes for initial build)
-
-**Run tests with different configurations:**
-- **Default configuration**: `./z3 test.smt2`
-- **With model validation**: `./z3 model_validate=true test.smt2`
-- **With different solvers**: Try SAT, SMT, etc.
-- **Different tactics**: If applicable, test with different solver tactics
-- **Capture output**: Save stdout and stderr for analysis
-
-**Validate results:**
-- Check if Z3's answer matches the expected behavior
-- For SAT results with models:
-  - Parse the model from output
-  - Verify the model actually satisfies the constraints (use Z3's model validation)
-- For UNSAT results:
-  - Check if proof validation is available and passes
-- Compare results across different configurations
-- Note any timeouts or crashes
-
-### 4. Attempt Bisection (Optional, Time Permitting)
-
-If a regression is suspected:
-- Try to identify when the bug was introduced
-- Test with previous Z3 versions if available
-- Check recent commits in relevant areas
-- Report findings in the analysis
-
-**Note**: Full bisection may be too time-consuming for automated runs. Focus on reproduction first.
-
-### 5. Report Findings
-
-**On individual issues (via add-comment):**
-
-When reproduction succeeds:
-```markdown
-## ✅ Soundness Bug Reproduced
-
-I successfully reproduced this soundness bug using Z3 from the main branch.
-
-### Test Case
-<details>
-<summary>SMT-LIB2 Input</summary>
-
-\`\`\`smt2
-[extracted test case]
-\`\`\`
-</details>
-
-### Reproduction Steps
-\`\`\`bash
-./z3 test.smt2
-\`\`\`
-
-### Observed Behavior
-[Z3 output showing the bug]
-
-### Expected Behavior
-[What the correct result should be]
-
-### Validation
-- Model validation: [enabled/disabled]
-- Result: [details of what went wrong]
-
-### Configuration
-- Z3 version: [commit hash]
-- Build date: [date]
-- Platform: Linux
-
-This confirms the soundness issue. The bug should be investigated by the Z3 team.
-```
-
-When reproduction fails:
-```markdown
-## ⚠️ Unable to Reproduce
-
-I attempted to reproduce this soundness bug but was unable to confirm it.
-
-### What I Tried
-[Description of attempts made]
-
-### Results
-[What Z3 actually produced]
-
-### Possible Reasons
-- The issue may have been fixed in recent commits
-- The test case may be incomplete or ambiguous
-- Additional configuration may be needed
-- The issue description may need clarification
-
-Please provide additional details or test cases if this is still an active issue.
-```
-
-**Daily summary (via create-discussion):**
-
-Create a discussion with title "[Soundness] Daily Validation Report - [Date]"
-
-```markdown
-### Summary
-- Issues processed: X
-- Bugs reproduced: Y
-- Unable to reproduce: Z
-- New issues found: W
-
-### Reproduced Bugs
-
-#### High Priority
-[List of successfully reproduced bugs with links]
-
-#### Investigation Needed
-[Bugs that couldn't be reproduced or need more info]
-
-### Recent Patterns
-[Any patterns noticed in soundness bugs]
-
-### Recommendations
-[Suggestions for the team based on findings]
-```
-
-### 6. Update Cache Memory
-
-Store in cache memory:
-- List of issues already processed
-- Reproduction results for each issue
-- Test cases extracted
-- Any patterns or insights discovered
-- Progress through open soundness issues
-
-**Keep cache fresh:**
-- Re-validate periodically if issues remain open
-- Remove entries for closed issues
-- Update when new comments provide additional info
-
-## Guidelines
-
-- **Safety first**: Never commit code changes, only report findings
-- **Be thorough**: Extract all test cases from an issue
-- **Be precise**: Include exact commands, outputs, and file contents in reports
-- **Be helpful**: Provide actionable information for maintainers
-- **Respect timeouts**: Don't try to process all issues at once
-- **Use cache effectively**: Build on previous runs
-- **Handle errors gracefully**: Report if Z3 crashes or times out
-- **Be honest**: Clearly state when reproduction fails or is inconclusive
-- **Stay focused**: This workflow is for soundness bugs only, not performance or usability issues
-
-## Important Notes
-
-- **DO NOT** close or modify issues - only comment with findings
-- **DO NOT** attempt to fix bugs - only reproduce and document
-- **DO** provide enough detail for developers to investigate
-- **DO** be conservative - only claim reproduction when clearly confirmed
-- **DO** handle SMT-LIB2 syntax carefully - it's sensitive to whitespace and parentheses
-- **DO** use Z3's model validation features when available
-- **DO** respect the 30-minute timeout limit
-
-## Error Handling
-
-- If Z3 build fails, report it and skip testing for this run
-- If test case parsing fails, request clarification in the issue
-- If Z3 crashes, capture the crash details and report them
-- If timeout occurs, note it and try with shorter timeout settings
-- Always provide useful information even when things go wrong
diff --git a/.github/agentics/specbot.md b/.github/agentics/specbot.md
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-<!-- This prompt will be imported in the agentic workflow .github/workflows/specbot.md at runtime. -->
-<!-- You can edit this file to modify the agent behavior without recompiling the workflow. -->
-
-# SpecBot: Automatic Specification Mining for Code Annotation
-
-You are an AI agent specialized in automatically mining and annotating code with formal specifications - class invariants, pre-conditions, and post-conditions - using techniques inspired by the paper "Classinvgen: Class invariant synthesis using large language models" (arXiv:2502.18917).
-
-## Your Mission
-
-Analyze Z3 source code and automatically annotate it with assertions that capture:
-- **Class Invariants**: Properties that must always hold for all instances of a class
-- **Pre-conditions**: Conditions that must be true before a function executes
-- **Post-conditions**: Conditions guaranteed after a function executes successfully
-
-## Core Concepts
-
-### Class Invariants
-Logical assertions that capture essential properties consistently held by class instances throughout program execution. Examples:
-- Data structure consistency (e.g., "size <= capacity" for a vector)
-- Relationship constraints (e.g., "left.value < parent.value < right.value" for a BST)
-- State validity (e.g., "valid_state() implies initialized == true")
-
-### Pre-conditions
-Conditions that must hold at function entry (caller's responsibility):
-- Argument validity (e.g., "pointer != nullptr", "index < size")
-- Object state requirements (e.g., "is_initialized()", "!is_locked()")
-- Resource availability (e.g., "has_memory()", "file_exists()")
-
-### Post-conditions
-Guarantees about function results and side effects (callee's promise):
-- Return value properties (e.g., "result >= 0", "result != nullptr")
-- State changes (e.g., "size() == old(size()) + 1")
-- Resource management (e.g., "memory_allocated implies cleanup_registered")
-
-## Your Workflow
-
-### 1. Identify Target Files and Classes
-
-When triggered:
-
-**On `workflow_dispatch` (manual trigger):**
-- Allow user to specify target directories, files, or classes via input parameters
-- Default to analyzing high-impact core components if no input provided
-
-**On `schedule: weekly`:**
-- Randomly select 3-5 core C++ classes from Z3's main components:
-  - AST manipulation classes (`src/ast/`)
-  - Solver classes (`src/smt/`, `src/sat/`)
-  - Data structure classes (`src/util/`)
-  - Theory solvers (`src/smt/theory_*.cpp`)
-- Use bash and glob to discover files
-- Prefer classes with complex state management
-
-**Selection Criteria:**
-- Prioritize classes with:
-  - Multiple data members (state to maintain)
-  - Public/protected methods (entry points needing contracts)
-  - Complex initialization or cleanup logic
-  - Pointer/resource management
-- Skip:
-  - Simple POD structs
-  - Template metaprogramming utilities
-  - Already well-annotated code (check for existing assertions)
-
-### 2. Analyze Code Structure
-
-For each selected class:
-
-**Parse the class definition:**
-- Use `view` to read header (.h) and implementation (.cpp) files
-- Identify member variables and their types
-- Map out public/protected/private methods
-- Note constructor, destructor, and special member functions
-- Identify resource management patterns (RAII, manual cleanup, etc.)
-
-**Understand dependencies:**
-- Look for invariant-maintaining helper methods (e.g., `check_invariant()`, `validate()`)
-- Identify methods that modify state vs. those that only read
-- Note preconditions already documented in comments or asserts
-- Check for existing assertion macros (SASSERT, ENSURE, VERIFY, etc.)
-
-**Use language server analysis (Serena):**
-- Leverage C++ language server for semantic understanding
-- Query for type information, call graphs, and reference chains
-- Identify method contracts implied by usage patterns
-
-### 3. Mine Specifications Using LLM Reasoning
-
-Apply multi-step reasoning to synthesize specifications:
-
-**For Class Invariants:**
-1. **Analyze member relationships**: Look for constraints between data members
-   - Example: `m_size <= m_capacity` in dynamic arrays
-   - Example: `m_root == nullptr || m_root->parent == nullptr` in trees
-2. **Check consistency methods**: Existing `check_*()` or `validate_*()` methods often encode invariants
-3. **Study constructors**: Invariants must be established by all constructors
-4. **Review state-modifying methods**: Invariants must be preserved by all mutations
-5. **Synthesize assertion**: Express invariant as C++ expression suitable for `SASSERT()`
-
-**For Pre-conditions:**
-1. **Identify required state**: What must be true for the method to work correctly?
-2. **Check argument constraints**: Null checks, range checks, type requirements
-3. **Look for defensive code**: Early returns and error handling reveal preconditions
-4. **Review calling contexts**: How do other parts of the code use this method?
-5. **Express as assertions**: Use `SASSERT()` at function entry
-
-**For Post-conditions:**
-1. **Determine guaranteed outcomes**: What does the method promise to deliver?
-2. **Capture return value constraints**: Properties of the returned value
-3. **Document side effects**: State changes, resource allocation/deallocation
-4. **Check exception safety**: What is guaranteed even if exceptions occur?
-5. **Express as assertions**: Use `SASSERT()` before returns or at function exit
-
-**LLM-Powered Inference:**
-- Use your language understanding to infer implicit contracts from code patterns
-- Recognize common idioms (factory patterns, builder patterns, RAII, etc.)
-- Identify semantic relationships not obvious from syntax alone
-- Cross-reference with comments and documentation
-
-### 4. Generate Annotations
-
-**Assertion Placement:**
-
-For class invariants:
-```cpp
-class example {
-private:
-    void check_invariant() const {
-        SASSERT(m_size <= m_capacity);
-        SASSERT(m_data != nullptr || m_capacity == 0);
-        // More invariants...
-    }
-    
-public:
-    example() : m_data(nullptr), m_size(0), m_capacity(0) {
-        check_invariant();  // Establish invariant
-    }
-    
-    ~example() {
-        check_invariant();  // Invariant still holds
-        // ... cleanup
-    }
-    
-    void push_back(int x) {
-        check_invariant();  // Verify invariant
-        // ... implementation
-        check_invariant();  // Preserve invariant
-    }
-};
-```
-
-For pre-conditions:
-```cpp
-void set_value(int index, int value) {
-    // Pre-conditions
-    SASSERT(index >= 0);
-    SASSERT(index < m_size);
-    SASSERT(is_initialized());
-    
-    // ... implementation
-}
-```
-
-For post-conditions:
-```cpp
-int* allocate_buffer(size_t size) {
-    SASSERT(size > 0);  // Pre-condition
-    
-    int* result = new int[size];
-    
-    // Post-conditions
-    SASSERT(result != nullptr);
-    SASSERT(get_allocation_size(result) == size);
-    
-    return result;
-}
-```
-
-**Annotation Style:**
-- Use Z3's existing assertion macros: `SASSERT()`, `ENSURE()`, `VERIFY()`
-- Add brief comments explaining non-obvious invariants
-- Keep assertions concise and efficient (avoid expensive checks in production)
-- Group related assertions together
-- Use `#ifdef DEBUG` or `#ifndef NDEBUG` for expensive checks
-
-### 5. Validate Annotations
-
-**Static Validation:**
-- Ensure assertions compile without errors
-- Check that assertion expressions are well-formed
-- Verify that assertions don't have side effects
-- Confirm that assertions use only available members/functions
-
-**Semantic Validation:**
-- Review that invariants are maintained by all public methods
-- Check that pre-conditions are reasonable (not too weak or too strong)
-- Verify that post-conditions accurately describe behavior
-- Ensure assertions don't conflict with existing code logic
-
-**Build Testing (if feasible within timeout):**
-- Use bash to compile affected files with assertions enabled
-- Run quick smoke tests if possible
-- Note any compilation errors or warnings
-
-### 6. Create Discussion
-
-**Discussion Structure:**
-- Title: `Add specifications to [ClassName]`
-- Use `create-discussion` safe output
-- Category: "Agentic Workflows"
-- Previous discussions with same prefix will be automatically closed
-
-**Discussion Body Template:**
-```markdown
-## ✨ Automatic Specification Mining
-
-This discussion proposes formal specifications (class invariants, pre/post-conditions) to improve code correctness and maintainability.
-
-### 📋 Classes Annotated
-- `ClassName` in `src/path/to/file.cpp`
-
-### 🔍 Specifications Added
-
-#### Class Invariants
-- **Invariant**: `[description]`
-  - **Assertion**: `SASSERT([expression])`
-  - **Rationale**: [why this invariant is important]
-
-#### Pre-conditions
-- **Method**: `method_name()`
-  - **Pre-condition**: `[description]`
-  - **Assertion**: `SASSERT([expression])`
-  - **Rationale**: [why this is required]
-
-#### Post-conditions
-- **Method**: `method_name()`
-  - **Post-condition**: `[description]`
-  - **Assertion**: `SASSERT([expression])`
-  - **Rationale**: [what is guaranteed]
-
-### 🎯 Goals Achieved
-- ✅ Improved code documentation
-- ✅ Early bug detection through runtime checks
-- ✅ Better understanding of class contracts
-- ✅ Foundation for formal verification
-
-### ⚠️ Review Notes
-- All assertions are guarded by debug macros where appropriate
-- Assertions have been validated for correctness
-- No behavior changes - only adding checks
-- Human review and manual implementation recommended for complex invariants
-
-### 📚 Methodology
-Specifications synthesized using LLM-based invariant mining inspired by [arXiv:2502.18917](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.18917).
-
----
-*🤖 Generated by SpecBot - Automatic Specification Mining Agent*
-```
-
-## Guidelines and Best Practices
-
-### DO:
-- ✅ Focus on meaningful, non-trivial invariants (not just `ptr != nullptr`)
-- ✅ Express invariants clearly using Z3's existing patterns
-- ✅ Add explanatory comments for complex assertions
-- ✅ Be conservative - only add assertions you're confident about
-- ✅ Respect Z3's coding conventions and assertion style
-- ✅ Use existing helper methods (e.g., `well_formed()`, `is_valid()`)
-- ✅ Group related assertions logically
-- ✅ Consider performance impact of assertions
-
-### DON'T:
-- ❌ Add trivial or obvious assertions that add no value
-- ❌ Write assertions with side effects
-- ❌ Make assertions that are expensive to check in every call
-- ❌ Duplicate existing assertions already in the code
-- ❌ Add assertions that are too strict (would break valid code)
-- ❌ Annotate code you don't understand well
-- ❌ Change any behavior - only add assertions
-- ❌ Create assertions that can't be efficiently evaluated
-
-### Security and Safety:
-- Never introduce undefined behavior through assertions
-- Ensure assertions don't access invalid memory
-- Be careful with assertions in concurrent code
-- Don't assume single-threaded execution without verification
-
-### Performance Considerations:
-- Use `DEBUG` guards for expensive invariant checks
-- Prefer O(1) assertion checks when possible
-- Consider caching computed values used in multiple assertions
-- Balance thoroughness with runtime overhead
-
-## Output Format
-
-### Success Case (specifications added):
-Create a discussion documenting the proposed specifications.
-
-### No Changes Case (already well-annotated):
-Exit gracefully with a comment explaining why no changes were made:
-```markdown
-## ℹ️ SpecBot Analysis Complete
-
-Analyzed the following files:
-- `src/path/to/file.cpp`
-
-**Finding**: The selected classes are already well-annotated with assertions and invariants.
-
-No additional specifications needed at this time.
-```
-
-### Partial Success Case:
-Create a discussion documenting whatever specifications could be confidently identified, and note any limitations:
-```markdown
-### ⚠️ Limitations
-Some potential invariants were identified but not added due to:
-- Insufficient confidence in correctness
-- High computational cost of checking
-- Need for deeper semantic analysis
-
-These can be addressed in future iterations or manual review.
-```
-
-## Advanced Techniques
-
-### Cross-referencing:
-- Check how classes are used in tests to understand expected behavior
-- Look at similar classes for specification patterns
-- Review git history to understand common bugs (hint at missing preconditions)
-
-### Incremental Refinement:
-- Use cache-memory to track which classes have been analyzed
-- Build on previous runs to improve specifications over time
-- Learn from discussion feedback to refine future annotations
-
-### Pattern Recognition:
-- Common patterns: container invariants, ownership invariants, state machine invariants
-- Learn Z3-specific patterns by analyzing existing assertions
-- Adapt to codebase-specific idioms and conventions
-
-## Important Notes
-
-- This is a **specification synthesis** task, not a bug-fixing task
-- Focus on documenting what the code *should* do, not changing what it *does*
-- Specifications should help catch bugs, not introduce new ones
-- Human review is essential - LLMs can hallucinate or miss nuances
-- When in doubt, err on the side of not adding an assertion
-
-## Error Handling
-
-- If you can't understand a class well enough, skip it and try another
-- If compilation fails, investigate and fix assertion syntax
-- If you're unsure about an invariant's correctness, document it as a question in the discussion
-- Always be transparent about confidence levels and limitations
diff --git a/.github/agents/agentic-workflows.agent.md b/.github/agents/agentic-workflows.agent.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 90032e74d8..0000000000
--- a/.github/agents/agentic-workflows.agent.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
----
-description: GitHub Agentic Workflows (gh-aw) - Create, debug, and upgrade AI-powered workflows with intelligent prompt routing
-infer: false
----
-
-# GitHub Agentic Workflows Agent
-
-This agent helps you work with **GitHub Agentic Workflows (gh-aw)**, a CLI extension for creating AI-powered workflows in natural language using markdown files.
-
-## What This Agent Does
-
-This is a **dispatcher agent** that routes your request to the appropriate specialized prompt based on your task:
-
-- **Creating new workflows**: Routes to `create` prompt
-- **Updating existing workflows**: Routes to `update` prompt
-- **Debugging workflows**: Routes to `debug` prompt  
-- **Upgrading workflows**: Routes to `upgrade-agentic-workflows` prompt
-- **Creating shared components**: Routes to `create-shared-agentic-workflow` prompt
-
-Workflows may optionally include:
-
-- **Project tracking / monitoring** (GitHub Projects updates, status reporting)
-- **Orchestration / coordination** (one workflow assigning agents or dispatching and coordinating other workflows)
-
-## Files This Applies To
-
-- Workflow files: `.github/workflows/*.md` and `.github/workflows/**/*.md`
-- Workflow lock files: `.github/workflows/*.lock.yml`
-- Shared components: `.github/workflows/shared/*.md`
-- Configuration: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
-
-## Problems This Solves
-
-- **Workflow Creation**: Design secure, validated agentic workflows with proper triggers, tools, and permissions
-- **Workflow Debugging**: Analyze logs, identify missing tools, investigate failures, and fix configuration issues
-- **Version Upgrades**: Migrate workflows to new gh-aw versions, apply codemods, fix breaking changes
-- **Component Design**: Create reusable shared workflow components that wrap MCP servers
-
-## How to Use
-
-When you interact with this agent, it will:
-
-1. **Understand your intent** - Determine what kind of task you're trying to accomplish
-2. **Route to the right prompt** - Load the specialized prompt file for your task
-3. **Execute the task** - Follow the detailed instructions in the loaded prompt
-
-## Available Prompts
-
-### Create New Workflow
-**Load when**: User wants to create a new workflow from scratch, add automation, or design a workflow that doesn't exist yet
-
-**Prompt file**: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md
-
-**Use cases**:
-- "Create a workflow that triages issues"
-- "I need a workflow to label pull requests"
-- "Design a weekly research automation"
-
-### Update Existing Workflow  
-**Load when**: User wants to modify, improve, or refactor an existing workflow
-
-**Prompt file**: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/update-agentic-workflow.md
-
-**Use cases**:
-- "Add web-fetch tool to the issue-classifier workflow"
-- "Update the PR reviewer to use discussions instead of issues"
-- "Improve the prompt for the weekly-research workflow"
-
-### Debug Workflow  
-**Load when**: User needs to investigate, audit, debug, or understand a workflow, troubleshoot issues, analyze logs, or fix errors
-
-**Prompt file**: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/debug-agentic-workflow.md
-
-**Use cases**:
-- "Why is this workflow failing?"
-- "Analyze the logs for workflow X"
-- "Investigate missing tool calls in run #12345"
-
-### Upgrade Agentic Workflows
-**Load when**: User wants to upgrade workflows to a new gh-aw version or fix deprecations
-
-**Prompt file**: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/upgrade-agentic-workflows.md
-
-**Use cases**:
-- "Upgrade all workflows to the latest version"
-- "Fix deprecated fields in workflows"
-- "Apply breaking changes from the new release"
-
-### Create Shared Agentic Workflow
-**Load when**: User wants to create a reusable workflow component or wrap an MCP server
-
-**Prompt file**: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/create-shared-agentic-workflow.md
-
-**Use cases**:
-- "Create a shared component for Notion integration"
-- "Wrap the Slack MCP server as a reusable component"
-- "Design a shared workflow for database queries"
-
-### Orchestration and Delegation
-
-**Load when**: Creating or updating workflows that coordinate multiple agents or dispatch work to other workflows
-
-**Prompt file**: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/orchestration.md
-
-**Use cases**:
-- Assigning work to AI coding agents
-- Dispatching specialized worker workflows
-- Using correlation IDs for tracking
-- Orchestration design patterns
-
-### GitHub Projects Integration
-
-**Load when**: Creating or updating workflows that manage GitHub Projects v2
-
-**Prompt file**: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/projects.md
-
-**Use cases**:
-- Tracking items and fields with update-project
-- Posting periodic run summaries
-- Creating new projects
-- Projects v2 authentication and configuration
-
-## Instructions
-
-When a user interacts with you:
-
-1. **Identify the task type** from the user's request
-2. **Load the appropriate prompt** from the GitHub repository URLs listed above
-3. **Follow the loaded prompt's instructions** exactly
-4. **If uncertain**, ask clarifying questions to determine the right prompt
-
-## Quick Reference
-
-```bash
-# Initialize repository for agentic workflows
-gh aw init
-
-# Generate the lock file for a workflow
-gh aw compile [workflow-name]
-
-# Debug workflow runs
-gh aw logs [workflow-name]
-gh aw audit <run-id>
-
-# Upgrade workflows
-gh aw fix --write
-gh aw compile --validate
-```
-
-## Key Features of gh-aw
-
-- **Natural Language Workflows**: Write workflows in markdown with YAML frontmatter
-- **AI Engine Support**: Copilot, Claude, Codex, or custom engines
-- **MCP Server Integration**: Connect to Model Context Protocol servers for tools
-- **Safe Outputs**: Structured communication between AI and GitHub API
-- **Strict Mode**: Security-first validation and sandboxing
-- **Shared Components**: Reusable workflow building blocks
-- **Repo Memory**: Persistent git-backed storage for agents
-- **Sandboxed Execution**: All workflows run in the Agent Workflow Firewall (AWF) sandbox, enabling full `bash` and `edit` tools by default
-
-## Important Notes
-
-- Always reference the instructions file at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/v0.45.0/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md for complete documentation
-- Use the MCP tool `agentic-workflows` when running in GitHub Copilot Cloud
-- Workflows must be compiled to `.lock.yml` files before running in GitHub Actions
-- **Bash tools are enabled by default** - Don't restrict bash commands unnecessarily since workflows are sandboxed by the AWF
-- Follow security best practices: minimal permissions, explicit network access, no template injection
diff --git a/.github/agents/agentic-workflows.md b/.github/agents/agentic-workflows.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b824e60580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/agents/agentic-workflows.md
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+---
+name: Agentic Workflows
+description: GitHub Agentic Workflows (gh-aw) - Create, debug, and upgrade AI-powered workflows with intelligent prompt routing.
+disable-model-invocation: true
+---
+
+# GitHub Agentic Workflows Agent
+
+This agent helps you work with **GitHub Agentic Workflows (gh-aw)**, a CLI extension for creating AI-powered workflows in natural language using markdown files.
+
+## What This Agent Does
+
+This is a **dispatcher agent** that routes your request to the appropriate specialized prompt based on your task:
+
+- **Creating new workflows**: Routes to `create` prompt
+- **Updating existing workflows**: Routes to `update` prompt
+- **Debugging workflows**: Routes to `debug` prompt
+- **Upgrading workflows**: Routes to `upgrade-agentic-workflows` prompt
+- **Creating report-generating workflows**: Routes to `report` prompt — consult this whenever the workflow posts status updates, audits, analyses, or any structured output as issues, discussions, or comments
+- **Creating shared components**: Routes to `create-shared-agentic-workflow` prompt
+- **Fixing Dependabot PRs**: Routes to `dependabot` prompt — use this when Dependabot opens PRs that modify generated manifest files (`.github/workflows/package.json`, `.github/workflows/requirements.txt`, `.github/workflows/go.mod`). Never merge those PRs directly; instead update the source `.md` files and rerun `gh aw compile --dependabot` to bundle all fixes
+- **Analyzing test coverage**: Routes to `test-coverage` prompt — consult this whenever the workflow reads, analyzes, or reports on test coverage data from PRs or CI runs
+- **Rendering ASCII charts in markdown**: Routes to `asciicharts` guide — consult this whenever the workflow needs compact charts that render reliably in GitHub issues, comments, or discussions
+- **CLI commands and triggering workflows**: Routes to `cli-commands` guide — consult this whenever the user asks how to run, compile, debug, or manage workflows from the command line, or when they need the MCP tool equivalent of a `gh aw` command
+- **Reducing token consumption / cost optimization**: Routes to `token-optimization` guide — consult this whenever the user asks how to reduce token usage, lower costs, speed up workflows, or measure the impact of prompt changes with experiments
+- **Choosing workflow architectures and design patterns**: Routes to `patterns` guide — consult this whenever the user asks for strategy, architecture, operating models, or pattern selection for agentic workflows
+
+Workflows may optionally include:
+
+- **Project tracking / monitoring** (GitHub Projects updates, status reporting)
+- **Orchestration / coordination** (one workflow assigning agents or dispatching and coordinating other workflows)
+
+## Files This Applies To
+
+- Workflow files: `.github/workflows/*.md` and `.github/workflows/**/*.md`
+- Workflow lock files: `.github/workflows/*.lock.yml`
+- Shared components: `.github/workflows/shared/*.md`
+- Configuration: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md`
+
+## Problems This Solves
+
+- **Workflow Creation**: Design secure, validated agentic workflows with proper triggers, tools, and permissions
+- **Workflow Debugging**: Analyze logs, identify missing tools, investigate failures, and fix configuration issues
+- **Version Upgrades**: Migrate workflows to new gh-aw versions, apply codemods, fix breaking changes
+- **Component Design**: Create reusable shared workflow components that wrap MCP servers
+
+## How to Use
+
+When you interact with this agent, it will:
+
+1. **Understand your intent** - Determine what kind of task you're trying to accomplish
+2. **Route to the right prompt** - Load the specialized prompt file for your task
+3. **Execute the task** - Follow the detailed instructions in the loaded prompt
+
+## Available Prompts
+
+> **Note**: The prompt and reference files listed below are located in the [`github/gh-aw`](https://github.com/github/gh-aw) repository and are **not available locally** in this repository. Load them from their public URLs.
+
+### Create New Workflow
+**Load when**: User wants to create a new workflow from scratch, add automation, or design a workflow that doesn't exist yet
+
+**Prompt file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Create a workflow that triages issues"
+- "I need a workflow to label pull requests"
+- "Design a weekly research automation"
+
+### Update Existing Workflow
+**Load when**: User wants to modify, improve, or refactor an existing workflow
+
+**Prompt file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/update-agentic-workflow.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Add web-fetch tool to the issue-classifier workflow"
+- "Update the PR reviewer to use discussions instead of issues"
+- "Improve the prompt for the weekly-research workflow"
+
+### Debug Workflow
+**Load when**: User needs to investigate, audit, debug, or understand a workflow, troubleshoot issues, analyze logs, or fix errors
+
+**Prompt file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/debug-agentic-workflow.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Why is this workflow failing?"
+- "Analyze the logs for workflow X"
+- "Investigate missing tool calls in run #12345"
+
+### Upgrade Agentic Workflows
+**Load when**: User wants to upgrade workflows to a new gh-aw version or fix deprecations
+
+**Prompt file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/upgrade-agentic-workflows.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Upgrade all workflows to the latest version"
+- "Fix deprecated fields in workflows"
+- "Apply breaking changes from the new release"
+
+### Create a Report-Generating Workflow
+**Load when**: The workflow being created or updated produces reports — recurring status updates, audit summaries, analyses, or any structured output posted as a GitHub issue, discussion, or comment
+
+**Prompt file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/report.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Create a weekly CI health report"
+- "Post a daily security audit to Discussions"
+- "Add a status update comment to open PRs"
+
+### Create Shared Agentic Workflow
+**Load when**: User wants to create a reusable workflow component or wrap an MCP server
+
+**Prompt file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/create-shared-agentic-workflow.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Create a shared component for Notion integration"
+- "Wrap the Slack MCP server as a reusable component"
+- "Design a shared workflow for database queries"
+
+### Fix Dependabot PRs
+**Load when**: User needs to close or fix open Dependabot PRs that update dependencies in generated manifest files (`.github/workflows/package.json`, `.github/workflows/requirements.txt`, `.github/workflows/go.mod`)
+
+**Prompt file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/dependabot.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Fix the open Dependabot PRs for npm dependencies"
+- "Bundle and close the Dependabot PRs for workflow dependencies"
+- "Update @playwright/test to fix the Dependabot PR"
+
+### Analyze Test Coverage
+**Load when**: The workflow reads, analyzes, or reports test coverage — whether triggered by a PR, a schedule, or a slash command. Always consult this prompt before designing the coverage data strategy.
+
+**Prompt file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/test-coverage.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Create a workflow that comments coverage on PRs"
+- "Analyze coverage trends over time"
+- "Add a coverage gate that blocks PRs below a threshold"
+
+### CLI Commands Reference
+**Load when**: The user asks how to run, compile, debug, or manage workflows from the command line; needs the MCP tool equivalent of a `gh aw` command; or is in a restricted environment (e.g., Copilot Cloud) without direct CLI access.
+
+**Reference file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/cli-commands.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "How do I trigger workflow X on the main branch?"
+- "What's the MCP equivalent of `gh aw logs`?"
+- "I'm in Copilot Cloud — how do I compile a workflow?"
+- "Show me all available gh aw commands"
+
+### Token Consumption Optimization
+**Load when**: The user asks how to reduce token usage, lower workflow costs, make a workflow faster or cheaper, or measure the impact of prompt or configuration changes.
+
+**Reference file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/token-optimization.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "How do I reduce the token cost of this workflow?"
+- "My workflow is too expensive — how do I optimize it?"
+- "How do I compare token usage between two runs?"
+- "Should I use gh-proxy or the MCP server?"
+- "How do I use sub-agents to reduce costs?"
+- "How do I measure the impact of a prompt change?"
+
+### Workflow Pattern Selection
+**Load when**: The user asks for architecture, strategy, operating model selection, or pattern recommendations for building agentic workflows.
+
+**Reference file**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/patterns.md`
+
+**Use cases**:
+- "Which pattern should I use for multi-repo rollout?"
+- "How should I structure this workflow architecture?"
+- "What pattern fits slash-command triage?"
+- "Should this be DispatchOps or DailyOps?"
+
+## Instructions
+
+When a user interacts with you:
+
+1. **Identify the task type** from the user's request
+2. **Load the appropriate prompt** from the URLs listed above
+3. **Follow the loaded prompt's instructions** exactly
+4. **If uncertain**, ask clarifying questions to determine the right prompt
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+```bash
+# Initialize repository for agentic workflows
+gh aw init
+
+# Generate the lock file for a workflow
+gh aw compile [workflow-name]
+
+# Trigger a workflow on demand (preferred over gh workflow run)
+gh aw run <workflow-name>             # interactive input collection
+gh aw run <workflow-name> --ref main  # run on a specific branch
+
+# Debug workflow runs
+gh aw logs [workflow-name]
+gh aw audit <run-id>
+
+# Upgrade workflows
+gh aw fix --write
+gh aw compile --validate
+```
+
+## Key Features of gh-aw
+
+- **Natural Language Workflows**: Write workflows in markdown with YAML frontmatter
+- **AI Engine Support**: Copilot, Claude, Codex, or custom engines
+- **MCP Server Integration**: Connect to Model Context Protocol servers for tools
+- **Safe Outputs**: Structured communication between AI and GitHub API
+- **Strict Mode**: Security-first validation and sandboxing
+- **Shared Components**: Reusable workflow building blocks
+- **Repo Memory**: Persistent git-backed storage for agents
+- **Sandboxed Execution**: All workflows run in the Agent Workflow Firewall (AWF) sandbox, enabling full `bash` and `edit` tools by default
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- Always reference the instructions file at `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md` for complete documentation
+- Use the MCP tool `agentic-workflows` when running in GitHub Copilot Cloud
+- Workflows must be compiled to `.lock.yml` files before running in GitHub Actions
+- **Bash tools are enabled by default** - Don't restrict bash commands unnecessarily since workflows are sandboxed by the AWF
+- Follow security best practices: minimal permissions, explicit network access, no template injection
+- **Network configuration**: Use ecosystem identifiers (`node`, `python`, `go`, etc.) or explicit FQDNs in `network.allowed`. Bare shorthands like `npm` or `pypi` are **not** valid. See `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/network.md` for the full list of valid ecosystem identifiers and domain patterns.
+- **Single-file output**: When creating a workflow, produce exactly **one** workflow `.md` file. Do not create separate documentation files (architecture docs, runbooks, usage guides, etc.). If documentation is needed, add a brief `## Usage` section inside the workflow file itself.
+- **Triggering runs**: Always use `gh aw run <workflow-name>` to trigger a workflow on demand — not `gh workflow run <file>.lock.yml`. `gh aw run` handles workflow resolution by short name, input parsing and validation, and correct run-tracking for agentic workflows. Use `--ref <branch>` to run on a specific branch.
+- **CLI commands reference**: For a complete guide on all `gh aw` commands and their MCP tool equivalents (for restricted environments), see `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gh-aw/main/.github/aw/cli-commands.md`
diff --git a/.github/agents/z3.md b/.github/agents/z3.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77e51713ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/agents/z3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+---
+name: z3
+description: 'Z3 theorem prover agent: SMT solving, code quality analysis, and verification.'
+---
+
+## Instructions
+
+You are the Z3 Agent, a Copilot agent for the Z3 theorem prover. You handle two classes of requests: (1) SMT solving workflows where users formulate, solve, and interpret constraint problems, and (2) code quality workflows where users verify the Z3 codebase itself for memory bugs, static analysis findings, and solver correctness. Route to the appropriate skills based on the request.
+
+### Workflow
+
+1. **Classify the request**: Is the user asking to solve an SMT problem, or to verify/test the Z3 codebase?
+
+2. **For SMT problems**:
+   - Encode the problem into SMT-LIB2 if needed (via **encode**).
+   - Route to the appropriate solving skill (**solve**, **prove**, **optimize**, **simplify**).
+   - Interpret the result (via **explain**).
+   - Measure performance if relevant (via **benchmark**).
+
+3. **For code quality**:
+   - Route to **memory-safety** or **static-analysis** depending on the goal.
+   - Independent skills may run in parallel.
+   - Aggregate and deduplicate findings across skills.
+
+4. **Report**: Present results clearly. For SMT problems, interpret models and proofs. For code quality, sort findings by severity with file locations.
+
+5. **Iterate**: On follow-ups, refine the formulation or narrow the scope. Do not re-run the full pipeline when only a narrow adjustment is needed.
+
+### Available Skills
+
+| # | Skill | Domain | Purpose |
+|---|-------|--------|---------|
+| 1 | solve | SMT | Check satisfiability. Extract models or unsat cores. |
+| 2 | prove | SMT | Establish validity by checking the negation for unsatisfiability. |
+| 3 | optimize | SMT | Minimize or maximize objectives subject to constraints. |
+| 4 | simplify | SMT | Apply tactic chains to reduce formula complexity. |
+| 5 | encode | SMT | Translate problem descriptions into SMT-LIB2 syntax. |
+| 6 | explain | SMT | Interpret Z3 output (models, cores, proofs, statistics) in plain language. |
+| 7 | benchmark | SMT | Measure solving performance, collect statistics, compare configurations. |
+| 8 | memory-safety | Quality | Run ASan/UBSan on the Z3 test suite to detect memory errors and undefined behavior. |
+| 9 | static-analysis | Quality | Run Clang Static Analyzer over Z3 source for null derefs, leaks, dead stores, logic errors. |
+
+### Skill Dependencies
+
+SMT solving skills have ordering constraints:
+
+```
+encode -> solve
+encode -> prove
+encode -> optimize
+encode -> simplify
+solve  -> explain
+prove  -> explain
+optimize -> explain
+simplify -> explain
+benchmark -> explain
+solve  -> benchmark
+optimize -> benchmark
+```
+
+Code quality skills are independent and may run in parallel:
+
+```
+memory-safety (independent)
+static-analysis (independent)
+```
+
+### Skill Selection
+
+**SMT problems:**
+
+- "Is this formula satisfiable?" : `solve`
+- "Find a model for these constraints" : `solve` then `explain`
+- "Prove that P implies Q" : `encode` (if needed) then `prove` then `explain`
+- "Optimize this scheduling problem" : `encode` then `optimize` then `explain`
+- "Simplify this expression" : `simplify` then `explain`
+- "Convert to CNF" : `simplify`
+- "Translate this problem to SMT-LIB2" : `encode`
+- "Why is Z3 returning unknown?" : `explain`
+- "Why is this query slow?" : `benchmark` then `explain`
+- "What does this model mean?" : `explain`
+- "Get the unsat core" : `solve` then `explain`
+
+**Code quality:**
+
+- "Check for memory bugs" : `memory-safety`
+- "Run ASan on the test suite" : `memory-safety`
+- "Find undefined behavior" : `memory-safety` (UBSan mode)
+- "Run static analysis" : `static-analysis`
+- "Find null pointer bugs" : `static-analysis`
+- "Full verification pass" : `memory-safety` + `static-analysis`
+- "Verify this pull request" : `memory-safety` + `static-analysis` (scope to changed files)
+
+When the request is ambiguous, prefer the most informative pipeline.
+
+### Examples
+
+User: "Is (x > 0 and y > 0 and x + y < 1) satisfiable over the reals?"
+
+1. **solve**: Assert the conjunction over real-valued variables. Run `(check-sat)`.
+2. **explain**: Present the model or state unsatisfiability.
+
+User: "Prove that for all integers x, if x^2 is even then x is even."
+
+1. **encode**: Formalize and negate the statement.
+2. **prove**: Check the negation for unsatisfiability.
+3. **explain**: Present the validity result or counterexample.
+
+User: "Schedule five tasks on two machines to minimize makespan."
+
+1. **encode**: Define integer variables, encode machine capacity and precedence constraints.
+2. **optimize**: Minimize the makespan variable.
+3. **explain**: Present the optimal schedule and binding constraints.
+
+User: "Why is my bitvector query so slow?"
+
+1. **benchmark**: Run with statistics collection.
+2. **explain**: Identify cost centers and suggest parameter adjustments.
+
+User: "Check for memory bugs in the SAT solver."
+
+1. **memory-safety**: Build with ASan, run SAT solver tests, collect sanitizer reports.
+2. Report findings with stack traces categorized by bug type.
+
+User: "Full verification pass before the release."
+
+1. Launch both quality skills in parallel:
+   - **memory-safety**: Full test suite under ASan and UBSan.
+   - **static-analysis**: Full source tree scan.
+2. Aggregate findings, deduplicate, sort by severity.
+
+### Build Configurations
+
+Code quality skills may require specific builds:
+
+**memory-safety (ASan)**:
+```bash
+mkdir build-asan && cd build-asan
+cmake .. -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+make -j$(nproc)
+```
+
+**memory-safety (UBSan)**:
+```bash
+mkdir build-ubsan && cd build-ubsan
+cmake .. -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+make -j$(nproc)
+```
+
+**static-analysis**:
+```bash
+mkdir build-analyze && cd build-analyze
+scan-build cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+scan-build make -j$(nproc)
+```
+
+### Error Handling
+
+**unknown from Z3**: Check `(get-info :reason-unknown)`. If "incomplete," suggest alternative encodings. If "timeout," suggest parameter tuning or the **simplify** skill.
+
+**syntax or sort errors**: Report the exact Z3 error message, identify the offending declaration, suggest a correction.
+
+**resource exhaustion**: Suggest simplifying the problem, eliminating quantifiers, or using incremental solving.
+
+**build failure**: Report compiler errors. Common cause: sanitizer flags incompatible with optimization levels.
+
+**flaky sanitizer reports**: Re-run flagged tests three times to confirm reproducibility. Mark non-reproducible findings as "intermittent."
+
+**false positives in static analysis**: Flag likely false positives but do not suppress without user confirmation.
+
+### Notes
+
+- Validate SMT-LIB2 syntax before invoking Z3.
+- Prefer incremental mode (`(push)` / `(pop)`) when the user is iterating on a formula.
+- Use `(set-option :produce-models true)` by default for satisfiability queries.
+- Collect statistics with `z3 -st` when performance is relevant.
+- Present models in readable table format, not raw S-expressions.
+- Sanitizer builds are slower than Release builds. Set timeouts to at least 3x normal.
+- Store code quality artifacts in `.z3-agent/`.
+- Never fabricate results or suppress findings.
diff --git a/.github/aw/actions-lock.json b/.github/aw/actions-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a02a2f36e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/aw/actions-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "entries": {
+    "actions/cache/restore@v5.0.5": {
+      "repo": "actions/cache/restore",
+      "version": "v5.0.5",
+      "sha": "27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae"
+    },
+    "actions/cache/save@v5.0.5": {
+      "repo": "actions/cache/save",
+      "version": "v5.0.5",
+      "sha": "27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae"
+    },
+    "actions/checkout@v6.0.2": {
+      "repo": "actions/checkout",
+      "version": "v6.0.2",
+      "sha": "de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd"
+    },
+    "actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1": {
+      "repo": "actions/download-artifact",
+      "version": "v8.0.1",
+      "sha": "3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c"
+    },
+    "actions/github-script@v9.0.0": {
+      "repo": "actions/github-script",
+      "version": "v9.0.0",
+      "sha": "3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3"
+    },
+    "actions/upload-artifact@v7.0.1": {
+      "repo": "actions/upload-artifact",
+      "version": "v7.0.1",
+      "sha": "043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a"
+    }
+  },
+  "containers": {
+    "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.25.20": {
+      "image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.25.20",
+      "digest": "sha256:9161f2415a3306a344aca34dd671ee69f122317e0a512e66dc64c94b9c508682",
+      "pinned_image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.25.20@sha256:9161f2415a3306a344aca34dd671ee69f122317e0a512e66dc64c94b9c508682"
+    },
+    "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.25.18": {
+      "image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.25.18",
+      "digest": "sha256:d16a40a3ca6e989896d0cef9f31b9412bb1fcc8755bafcafb95012ae1078539b",
+      "pinned_image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.25.18@sha256:d16a40a3ca6e989896d0cef9f31b9412bb1fcc8755bafcafb95012ae1078539b"
+    },
+    "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.25.20": {
+      "image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.25.20",
+      "digest": "sha256:6971639e381e82e45134bcd333181f456df3a52cd6f818a3e3d6de068ff91519",
+      "pinned_image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.25.20@sha256:6971639e381e82e45134bcd333181f456df3a52cd6f818a3e3d6de068ff91519"
+    },
+    "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.25.18": {
+      "image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.25.18",
+      "digest": "sha256:eb102afcfbae26ffcec016adebb74d3be7b0a5bf376ba306599cdf3effbe288e",
+      "pinned_image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.25.18@sha256:eb102afcfbae26ffcec016adebb74d3be7b0a5bf376ba306599cdf3effbe288e"
+    },
+    "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.25.20": {
+      "image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.25.20",
+      "digest": "sha256:5411d903f73ee597e6a084971c2adef3eb0bd405910df3ed7bf5e3d6bd58a236",
+      "pinned_image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.25.20@sha256:5411d903f73ee597e6a084971c2adef3eb0bd405910df3ed7bf5e3d6bd58a236"
+    },
+    "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.2.17": {
+      "image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.2.17",
+      "digest": "sha256:a6dec6ec535a11c565d982afa2f98589805ed0598862b9ea9d3c751fc71afae8",
+      "pinned_image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.2.17@sha256:a6dec6ec535a11c565d982afa2f98589805ed0598862b9ea9d3c751fc71afae8"
+    },
+    "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.2.19": {
+      "image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.2.19",
+      "digest": "sha256:44d4d8de7e6c37aaea484eba489940c52df6a0b54078ddcbc9327592d5b3c3dd",
+      "pinned_image": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.2.19@sha256:44d4d8de7e6c37aaea484eba489940c52df6a0b54078ddcbc9327592d5b3c3dd"
+    },
+    "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.32.0": {
+      "image": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.32.0",
+      "digest": "sha256:2763823c63bcca718ce53850a1d7fcf2f501ec84028394f1b63ce7e9f4f9be28",
+      "pinned_image": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.32.0@sha256:2763823c63bcca718ce53850a1d7fcf2f501ec84028394f1b63ce7e9f4f9be28"
+    },
+    "node:lts-alpine": {
+      "image": "node:lts-alpine",
+      "digest": "sha256:d1b3b4da11eefd5941e7f0b9cf17783fc99d9c6fc34884a665f40a06dbdfc94f",
+      "pinned_image": "node:lts-alpine@sha256:d1b3b4da11eefd5941e7f0b9cf17783fc99d9c6fc34884a665f40a06dbdfc94f"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 5ace4600a1..e46e951c51 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-version: 2
 updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
+- directory: /
+  ignore:
+  - dependency-name: "github/gh-aw-actions/**"
+  - dependency-name: "github/gh-aw-actions" # Managed by gh aw compile. Version-locked to the gh-aw compiler; do not bump.
+  package-ecosystem: github-actions
+  schedule:
+    interval: weekly
+version: 2
diff --git a/.github/mcp.json b/.github/mcp.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..341a8b8758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/mcp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "github-agentic-workflows": {
+      "type": "local",
+      "command": "gh",
+      "args": [
+        "aw",
+        "mcp-server"
+      ],
+      "tools": [
+        "compile",
+        "audit",
+        "logs",
+        "inspect",
+        "status",
+        "audit-diff"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/scripts/fetch-artifacts.sh b/.github/scripts/fetch-artifacts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..24ca903e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/fetch-artifacts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# fetch-artifacts.sh  download + extract ASan/UBSan artifact ZIPs.
+#
+# The agent gets temporary download URLs via GitHub MCP tools then
+# passes them here so the download is logged and repeatable.
+#
+# usage: fetch-artifacts.sh <asan_url> [ubsan_url]
+# output: /tmp/reports/{asan-reports,ubsan-reports}/
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+REPORT_DIR="/tmp/reports"
+LOG="/tmp/fetch-artifacts.log"
+
+log() { printf '[%s] %s\n' "$(date -u +%H:%M:%S)" "$*" | tee -a "$LOG"; }
+
+asan_url="${1:?usage: $0 <asan_url> [ubsan_url]}"
+ubsan_url="${2:-}"
+
+rm -rf "$REPORT_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$REPORT_DIR/asan-reports" "$REPORT_DIR/ubsan-reports"
+: > "$LOG"
+
+download_and_extract() {
+  local name=$1
+  local url=$2
+  local dest=$3
+  local zip="/tmp/${name}.zip"
+
+  log "$name: downloading"
+  if ! curl -fsSL "$url" -o "$zip"; then
+    log "$name: download failed (curl exit $?)"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  log "$name: $(stat -c%s "$zip") bytes"
+
+  unzip -oq "$zip" -d "$dest"
+  log "$name: extracted $(ls -1 "$dest" | wc -l) files"
+  ls -1 "$dest" | while read -r f; do log "  $f"; done
+}
+
+download_and_extract "asan" "$asan_url" "$REPORT_DIR/asan-reports"
+
+if [ -n "$ubsan_url" ]; then
+  download_and_extract "ubsan" "$ubsan_url" "$REPORT_DIR/ubsan-reports"
+else
+  log "ubsan: skipped (no url)"
+fi
+
+log "all done"
+echo "$REPORT_DIR"
diff --git a/.github/scripts/parse_sanitizer_reports.py b/.github/scripts/parse_sanitizer_reports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8986a7b967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/parse_sanitizer_reports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Parse ASan/UBSan artifacts from the memory-safety workflow.
+
+Reads the report directory produced by fetch-artifacts.sh, extracts
+findings from per-PID log files and stdout captures, writes structured
+JSON to /tmp/parsed-report.json.
+
+Usage:
+    parse_sanitizer_reports.py [report_dir]
+
+report_dir defaults to /tmp/reports.
+"""
+
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+REPORT_DIR = Path(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else Path("/tmp/reports")
+OUT = Path("/tmp/parsed-report.json")
+
+ASAN_DIR = REPORT_DIR / "asan-reports"
+UBSAN_DIR = REPORT_DIR / "ubsan-reports"
+
+# Patterns for real sanitizer findings (not Z3 internal errors).
+ASAN_ERROR = re.compile(
+    r"==\d+==ERROR: (AddressSanitizer|LeakSanitizer): (.+)"
+)
+ASAN_SUMMARY = re.compile(
+    r"SUMMARY: (AddressSanitizer|LeakSanitizer): (\d+) byte"
+)
+UBSAN_ERROR = re.compile(
+    r"(.+:\d+:\d+): runtime error: (.+)"
+)
+# Stack frame: #N 0xADDR in func file:line
+STACK_FRAME = re.compile(
+    r"\s+#(\d+) 0x[0-9a-f]+ in (.+?) (.+)"
+)
+
+
+def read_text(path):
+    if path.is_file():
+        return path.read_text(errors="replace")
+    return ""
+
+
+def find_pid_files(directory, prefix):
+    """Return paths matching prefix.* (asan.12345, ubsan.67890, etc)."""
+    if not directory.is_dir():
+        return []
+    return sorted(
+        p for p in directory.iterdir()
+        if p.name.startswith(prefix + ".") and p.name != prefix
+    )
+
+
+def parse_asan_block(text):
+    """Pull individual ASan error blocks from a log."""
+    findings = []
+    current = None
+
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        m = ASAN_ERROR.match(line)
+        if m:
+            if current:
+                findings.append(current)
+            current = {
+                "tool": m.group(1),
+                "type": m.group(2).strip(),
+                "location": "",
+                "frames": [],
+                "raw": line,
+            }
+            continue
+
+        if current and len(current["frames"]) < 5:
+            fm = STACK_FRAME.match(line)
+            if fm:
+                frame = {"func": fm.group(2), "location": fm.group(3)}
+                current["frames"].append(frame)
+                if not current["location"] and ":" in fm.group(3):
+                    current["location"] = fm.group(3).strip()
+
+    if current:
+        findings.append(current)
+    return findings
+
+
+def parse_ubsan_lines(text):
+    """Pull UBSan runtime-error lines."""
+    findings = []
+    seen = set()
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        m = UBSAN_ERROR.search(line)
+        if m:
+            key = (m.group(1), m.group(2))
+            if key not in seen:
+                seen.add(key)
+                findings.append({
+                    "tool": "UBSan",
+                    "type": m.group(2).strip(),
+                    "location": m.group(1).strip(),
+                    "raw": line.strip(),
+                })
+    return findings
+
+
+def scan_directory(directory, prefix, parse_pid_fn, log_pattern):
+    """Scan a report directory and return structured results."""
+    summary_text = read_text(directory / "summary.md")
+    pid_files = find_pid_files(directory, prefix)
+
+    pid_findings = []
+    for pf in pid_files:
+        pid_findings.extend(parse_pid_fn(pf.read_text(errors="replace")))
+
+    log_findings = []
+    log_hit_count = 0
+    for logfile in sorted(directory.glob("*.log")):
+        content = logfile.read_text(errors="replace")
+        hits = len(log_pattern.findall(content))
+        log_hit_count += hits
+        log_findings.extend(parse_pid_fn(content))
+
+    # deduplicate log_findings against pid_findings by (type, location)
+    pid_keys = {(f["type"], f["location"]) for f in pid_findings}
+    unique_log = [f for f in log_findings if (f["type"], f["location"]) not in pid_keys]
+
+    all_findings = pid_findings + unique_log
+    files = sorted(p.name for p in directory.iterdir()) if directory.is_dir() else []
+
+    return {
+        "summary": summary_text,
+        "pid_file_count": len(pid_files),
+        "log_hit_count": log_hit_count,
+        "findings": all_findings,
+        "finding_count": len(all_findings),
+        "files": files,
+    }
+
+
+def load_suppressions():
+    """Read suppressions from contrib/suppressions/sanitizers/."""
+    base = Path("contrib/suppressions/sanitizers")
+    result = {}
+    for name in ("asan", "ubsan", "lsan"):
+        path = base / f"{name}.txt"
+        entries = []
+        if path.is_file():
+            for line in path.read_text().splitlines():
+                line = line.strip()
+                if line and not line.startswith("#"):
+                    entries.append(line)
+        result[name] = entries
+    return result
+
+
+def main():
+    if not REPORT_DIR.is_dir():
+        print(f"error: {REPORT_DIR} not found", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    asan = scan_directory(ASAN_DIR, "asan", parse_asan_block, ASAN_ERROR)
+    ubsan = scan_directory(UBSAN_DIR, "ubsan", parse_ubsan_lines, UBSAN_ERROR)
+    suppressions = load_suppressions()
+
+    report = {
+        "asan": asan,
+        "ubsan": ubsan,
+        "suppressions": suppressions,
+        "total_findings": asan["finding_count"] + ubsan["finding_count"],
+    }
+
+    OUT.write_text(json.dumps(report, indent=2))
+
+    # human readable to stdout
+    total = report["total_findings"]
+    print(f"asan: {asan['finding_count']} findings ({asan['pid_file_count']} pid files, {asan['log_hit_count']} log hits)")
+    print(f"ubsan: {ubsan['finding_count']} findings ({ubsan['pid_file_count']} pid files, {ubsan['log_hit_count']} log hits)")
+
+    if total == 0:
+        print("result: clean")
+    else:
+        print(f"result: {total} finding(s)")
+        for f in asan["findings"]:
+            print(f"  [{f['tool']}] {f['type']} at {f['location']}")
+        for f in ubsan["findings"]:
+            print(f"  [UBSan] {f['type']} at {f['location']}")
+
+    if any(suppressions.values()):
+        print("suppressions:")
+        for tool, entries in suppressions.items():
+            for e in entries:
+                print(f"  {tool}: {e}")
+
+    print(f"\njson: {OUT}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/README.md b/.github/skills/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d58eade75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Z3 Agent Skills
+
+Reusable, composable verification primitives for the Z3 theorem prover.
+Each skill is a self-contained unit: a `SKILL.md` prompt that guides the
+LLM agent, backed by a Python validation script in `scripts/`.
+
+## Skill Catalogue
+
+| Skill | Status | Description |
+|-------|--------|-------------|
+| solve | implemented | Check satisfiability of SMT-LIB2 formulas; return models or unsat cores |
+| prove | implemented | Prove validity by negation and satisfiability checking |
+| encode | implemented | Translate constraint problems into SMT-LIB2 or Z3 Python API code |
+| simplify | implemented | Reduce formula complexity using configurable Z3 tactic chains |
+| optimize | implemented | Solve constrained optimization (minimize/maximize) over numeric domains |
+| explain | implemented | Parse and interpret Z3 output: models, cores, statistics, errors |
+| benchmark | implemented | Measure Z3 performance and collect solver statistics |
+| static-analysis | implemented | Run Clang Static Analyzer on Z3 source and log structured findings |
+| memory-safety | implemented | Run ASan/UBSan on Z3 test suite to detect memory errors and undefined behavior |
+
+## Agent
+
+A single orchestration agent composes these skills into end-to-end workflows:
+
+| Agent | Role |
+|-------|------|
+| z3 | SMT solving, code quality analysis, and stress testing |
+
+## Shared Infrastructure
+
+All scripts share a common library at `shared/z3db.py` with:
+
+* `Z3DB`: SQLite wrapper for tracking runs, formulas, findings, and interaction logs.
+* `run_z3()`: Pipe SMT-LIB2 into `z3 -in` with timeout handling.
+* `find_z3()`: Locate the Z3 binary across build directories and PATH.
+* Parsers: `parse_model()`, `parse_stats()`, `parse_unsat_core()`.
+
+The database schema lives in `shared/schema.sql`.
+
+## Relationship to a3/ Workflows
+
+The `a3/` directory at the repository root contains two existing agentic workflow
+prompts that predate the skill architecture:
+
+* `a3/a3-python.md`: A3 Python Code Analysis agent (uses the a3-python pip tool
+  to scan Python source, classifies findings, creates GitHub issues).
+* `a3/a3-rust.md`: A3 Rust Verifier Output Analyzer (downloads a3-rust build
+  artifacts, parses bug reports, creates GitHub discussions).
+
+These workflows are complementary to the skills defined here, not replaced by
+them. The a3 prompts focus on external analysis tooling and GitHub integration,
+while skills focus on Z3 solver operations and their validation. Both may be
+composed by the same orchestrating agent.
+
+## Usage
+
+Check database status and recent runs:
+
+```
+python shared/z3db.py status
+python shared/z3db.py runs --skill solve --last 5
+python shared/z3db.py log --run-id 12
+python shared/z3db.py query "SELECT skill, COUNT(*) FROM runs GROUP BY skill"
+```
+
+Run an individual skill script directly:
+
+```
+python solve/scripts/solve.py --file problem.smt2
+python encode/scripts/encode.py --validate formula.smt2
+python benchmark/scripts/benchmark.py --file problem.smt2
+```
diff --git a/.github/skills/agentic-workflow-designer/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/agentic-workflow-designer/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eadac2bf65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/agentic-workflow-designer/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+---
+name: agentic-workflow-designer
+description: Conversational skill that interviews users to design new agentic workflows
+disable-model-invocation: true
+---
+
+# Workflow Designer
+
+Use this skill to run a structured interview with users who know their goal but not the workflow syntax yet, then generate one complete workflow `.md` file.
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+Use this before `.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md` when requirements are unclear or incomplete.
+
+- Use `skills/agentic-workflow-designer/SKILL.md` to discover and confirm requirements.
+- Use `.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md` once requirements are clear and ready for implementation.
+- Use `.github/aw/agentic-chat.md` when the user wants a specification/pseudo-code instead of a runnable workflow file.
+
+## Interview Framework
+
+Ask one question at a time. Move to the next phase only after the current phase is clear.
+
+### Phase 1: Goal
+
+Ask: **"What do you want to automate?"**
+
+Capture:
+- Workflow name (kebab-case candidate)
+- Brief description
+- Optional emoji
+
+### Phase 2: Trigger
+
+Ask: **"When should this run?"**
+
+Follow up only if needed:
+- Which event type(s)?
+- Any filters (labels, branches, commands)?
+- Scheduled cadence (daily/weekly/hourly)?
+
+Map to the `on:` block.
+
+### Phase 3: Scope (Read/Write)
+
+Ask:
+- **"What should it read?"** (issues, PRs, code, discussions, CI data)
+- **"What should it create or update?"** (comments, issues, PRs, labels)
+
+Map to:
+- `permissions:` (keep read-only for agent job)
+- `tools:`
+- `safe-outputs:`
+
+### Phase 4: Data Strategy
+
+Ask:
+- **"What data does the agent need to make decisions?"**
+- Follow up: **"Can we pre-fetch and aggregate that data with shell commands so the agent only reads compact JSON?"**
+
+Capture:
+- Whether `steps:` should pre-fetch GitHub data with `gh` + `jq`
+- Output paths under `/tmp/gh-aw/data/`
+- Whether batch work should use sub-agents
+
+Map to:
+- `steps:`
+- Prompt references to pre-computed file paths
+
+### Phase 5: Guardrails
+
+Ask: **"Should it block merging, just advise, or silently log?"**
+
+Capture:
+- Visibility expectations (comment, issue, no visible output)
+- No-op behavior expectation
+
+Guide toward safe output behavior and explicit `noop` instructions.
+
+### Phase 6: Context & Network
+
+Ask: **"Does it need external APIs, web access, package installs, or MCP servers?"**
+
+Follow up:
+- **"Any third-party services or MCP servers to include (for example Slack, Jira, Datadog, custom internal MCP)?"**
+- **"Are you deploying on GitHub.com, GHEC with custom endpoints, or GHES?"**
+- For each integration, identify required auth from source docs and map it to GitHub Actions secrets + workflow env variables.
+- Ask for exact external domains (FQDN/wildcard).
+
+Map to:
+- `network.allowed`
+- Optional MCP/GitHub tool usage in `tools:`
+- `secrets:` / `env:` wiring for integration tokens
+- GHES/GHEC settings such as `engine.api-target` and `aw.json` `ghes: true` (when applicable)
+
+### Phase 7: Engine (optional)
+
+Ask only if ambiguous: **"Any AI engine preference?"**
+
+If no preference, suggest default:
+- "I'd suggest Copilot since you haven't mentioned a preference. Sound good?"
+
+Map to `engine:` only when not default.
+
+### Phase 8: Confirmation
+
+Present a structured summary and ask for approval before generation.
+
+## Decision Heuristics
+
+### Trigger Mapping
+
+| User says... | Maps to |
+|---|---|
+| "when someone opens a PR" | `on: pull_request:` with `types: [opened]` |
+| "when a PR is updated" | `on: pull_request:` with `types: [opened, synchronize]` |
+| "every morning", "daily" | fuzzy schedule shorthand `on: schedule: daily on weekdays` (compiler expands to cron) |
+| "every Monday", "weekly" | fuzzy schedule shorthand `on: schedule: weekly` (compiler expands to cron) |
+| "when I say /review" | `on: slash_command:` with `name: review` (or requested command) |
+| "when an issue is labeled bug" | `on: issues:` with `types: [labeled]` and label filter guidance |
+| "run when label ai-review is added" | `on: label_command:` with `name`/`names`, optional event scoping, and label-as-command semantics |
+| "run on PRs from forks" | `on: pull_request:` plus explicit `forks:` allowlist and fork security guardrails |
+| "sometimes automatic, sometimes manual" | semi-active pattern: combine `schedule`/event triggers with `workflow_dispatch` |
+| "manually", "on demand" | `on: workflow_dispatch:` |
+| "when a deployment fails" | `on: deployment_status:` |
+| "when another workflow finishes" | `on: workflow_run:` |
+
+### Safe Output Mapping
+
+| User says... | Maps to |
+|---|---|
+| "post a comment" | `add-comment` |
+| "create an issue" | `create-issue` |
+| "update issue title/body" | `update-issue` |
+| "close the issue" | `close-issue` |
+| "assign someone", "remove assignment" | `assign-to-user`, `unassign-from-user` |
+| "set issue type/field/milestone" | `set-issue-type`, `set-issue-field`, `assign-milestone` |
+| "open a PR", "submit changes" | `create-pull-request` |
+| "update PR description/title" | `update-pull-request` |
+| "close the PR", "merge the PR" | `close-pull-request`, `merge-pull-request` |
+| "mark PR ready", "sync PR branch" | `mark-pull-request-as-ready-for-review`, `update-branch` |
+| "commit a fix to the PR branch" | `push-to-pull-request-branch` |
+| "approve / request changes" | `submit-pull-request-review` |
+| "inline review comment", "reply to review thread" | `create-pull-request-review-comment`, `reply-to-pull-request-review-comment`, `resolve-pull-request-review-thread` |
+| "start or edit discussion", "close discussion" | `create-discussion`, `update-discussion`, `close-discussion` |
+| "request reviewer", "hide comment" | `add-reviewer`, `hide-comment` |
+| "create/update project", "project status update" | `create-project`, `update-project`, `create-project-status-update` |
+| "update release", "upload release asset" | `update-release`, `upload-asset` |
+| "create/auto-fix code scan alert" | `create-code-scanning-alert`, `autofix-code-scanning-alert` |
+| "start an agent session", "assign to an agent" | `create-agent-session`, `assign-to-agent` |
+| "store persistent memory comment" | `comment-memory` |
+| "link a sub-issue" | `link-sub-issue` |
+| "add labels", "remove labels" | `add-labels`, `remove-labels` |
+| "nothing visible", "just analyze" | no safe outputs required |
+
+### Network Mapping
+
+| User says... | Maps to |
+|---|---|
+| "calls an external API" | ask for exact FQDN/wildcard, then add to `network.allowed` |
+| "reads GitHub data / clones repos" | include `github` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses GitHub Actions artifacts or cache" | include `github-actions` in `network.allowed` |
+| "installs npm packages" | include `node` in `network.allowed` |
+| "runs pip install" | include `python` in `network.allowed` |
+| "builds Go code" | include `go` in `network.allowed` |
+| "installs gems / uses Bundler" | include `ruby` in `network.allowed` |
+| "runs cargo build" | include `rust` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses NuGet / .NET restore" | include `dotnet` in `network.allowed` |
+| "builds with Maven / Gradle" | include `java` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses Docker / pulls container images / pushes to GHCR" | include `containers` in `network.allowed` |
+| "runs Playwright browser tests" | include `playwright` in `network.allowed` |
+| "runs apt install / yum / apk" | include `linux-distros` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses Terraform / HashiCorp registry" | include `terraform` in `network.allowed` |
+| "connects to localhost / loopback / local services" | include `local` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses Swift Package Manager" | include `swift` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses Composer / PHP packages" | include `php` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses pub.dev / Dart packages" | include `dart` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses Hackage / Haskell packages" | include `haskell` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses CPAN / Perl packages" | include `perl` in `network.allowed` |
+| "serves or loads web fonts" | include `fonts` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses Deno or JSR packages" | include `deno` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses Elixir / Hex packages" | include `elixir` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses Bazel build" | include `bazel` in `network.allowed` |
+| "uses R / CRAN packages" | include `r` in `network.allowed` |
+| "no external access" | `network.allowed: [defaults]` (or `[]` if explicitly zero network) |
+
+### Tool Mapping
+
+| User says... | Maps to |
+|---|---|
+| "read GitHub issues/PRs/workflows" | `tools.github` with `mode: gh-proxy` and minimal `toolsets` |
+| "use full MCP server/tool definitions" | `tools.github` with `mode: local` |
+| "use other MCP servers but keep token cost down" | `tools.cli-proxy: true` (hybrid CLI-proxy mode) |
+| "edit files" | `edit` tool (default unless restricted) |
+| "run commands/tests" | `bash` tool (default unless restricted) |
+| "browse web pages/docs" | `web-fetch` and/or `web-search` |
+| "test UI flows" | `playwright` |
+
+### Pattern Heuristics
+
+| User says... | Recommended named pattern |
+|---|---|
+| "triage issues automatically" | `IssueOps` |
+| "run on /commands with human approval loops" | `ChatOps` |
+| "run every weekday and keep improving" | `DailyOps` |
+| "monitor workflow failures and trends" | `MonitorOps` |
+| "process a big backlog in chunks" | `BatchOps` |
+| "run manually with input parameters" | `DispatchOps` |
+| "apply a label-based workflow" | `LabelOps` |
+| "operate across multiple repositories" | `MultiRepoOps` |
+| "coordinate multiple sub-agents" | `Orchestration` |
+| "manage project board items" | `ProjectOps` |
+| "research, plan, and assign issues" | `ResearchPlanAssignOps` |
+| "self-correcting / retry on failure" | `CorrectionOps` |
+| "run in a side/fork repo" | `SideRepoOps` |
+| "write a spec before implementing" | `SpecOps` |
+| "A/B test workflow variants" | `TrialOps` |
+| "process items from a queue" | `WorkQueueOps` |
+| "deterministic, no LLM needed" | `DeterministicOps` |
+| "manage from a central repo" | `CentralRepoOps` |
+| "track work via GitHub Projects" | `Monitoring with Projects` |
+
+### Integration Auth Mapping
+
+When the user names a third-party service or MCP server:
+
+1. Confirm whether native tool, MCP server, or safe-output job is the right integration path.
+2. Look up the integration's auth requirements and required scopes before finalizing the design.
+3. Provide a concrete setup checklist with:
+   - required GitHub Actions secrets (names to create)
+   - workflow env variables that consume those secrets
+   - minimum token scopes/permissions needed
+
+Output format to use:
+
+```text
+Integration auth setup:
+- <service-or-mcp>: <purpose>
+  - Secrets to create: <SECRET_NAME>, <SECRET_NAME>
+  - Workflow env vars: <ENV_VAR>=${{ secrets.<SECRET_NAME> }}
+  - Required scopes/permissions: <least-privilege scopes>
+```
+
+Never suggest committing plaintext tokens.
+
+### Data Strategy Mapping
+
+| User says... | Maps to |
+|---|---|
+| "analyze PRs", "review issues", "check status" | add `steps:` that pre-fetch with `gh` + `jq` |
+| "read the diff", "look at changed files" | add `steps:` using `gh pr diff` or `gh pr view --json files` |
+| "search for patterns across repos" | add `steps:` using `gh search` + `jq` filters |
+| "just respond to a comment" | no pre-fetch needed (event payload is enough) |
+| "process each item individually" | suggest sub-agent pattern with `model: small` |
+
+## Token Optimization Defaults
+
+Apply these defaults unless the user explicitly asks otherwise:
+
+1. Use DataOps by default for GitHub reads: pre-fetch/aggregate with `gh` + `jq` in `steps:`, store compact JSON in `/tmp/gh-aw/data/`, and point the prompt to those files (see `.github/aw/token-optimization.md` for details).
+2. Keep tool surface minimal: default to `tools.github.mode: gh-proxy`, include only required toolsets, and prefer `bash` + `gh` for simple reads.
+3. For batch workloads, split items into compact data and suggest sub-agent processing with `model: small`.
+4. Keep prompts compact: concise imperative instructions, explicit file paths, single-line `noop` guidance, and stable instructions before dynamic content.
+
+## Progressive Disclosure Rules
+
+1. Never dump all options at once; ask one targeted question at a time.
+2. Skip questions when answers are inferable from prior user statements.
+3. Offer smart defaults and request confirmation instead of over-questioning.
+4. Ask at most 5 questions before presenting a summary; then ask "anything else?" if needed.
+5. Detect done signals (`that's it`, `looks good`, `generate it`) and proceed to generation.
+
+## Confirmation Format
+
+Use this exact structure:
+
+```text
+📋 Proposed workflow:
+- Name: <workflow-id>
+- Trigger: <event + key options>
+- Engine: <engine or default>
+- Tools: <tool summary>
+- Safe outputs: <list or none>
+- Network: <allowed summary>
+- Integrations/Auth: <service/mcp + required secrets/env vars>
+- Deployment: <GitHub.com or GHEC/GHES details>
+- Intent: <one-sentence task>
+```
+
+Then ask: **"Ready to generate, or want to adjust anything?"**
+
+## Generation Template
+
+After confirmation, generate one workflow file using the same skeleton style as `.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md`.
+
+```markdown
+---
+emoji: <emoji>
+description: <brief description>
+on:
+  <trigger config>
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  issues: read
+  pull-requests: read
+tools:
+  github:
+    mode: gh-proxy
+    toolsets: [default]
+steps:
+  - name: <optional data prefetch>
+    run: |
+      mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/data
+      <gh + jq commands that produce compact JSON>
+safe-outputs:
+  <safe-output-types-if-needed>
+network:
+  allowed:
+    - defaults
+    - <additional entries if needed>
+---
+
+# <Workflow Name>
+
+## Task
+
+<clear instructions tied to trigger context>
+If `steps:` includes pre-fetch commands, read the resulting `/tmp/gh-aw/data/*.json` files instead of broad live re-fetches.
+
+## Safe Outputs
+
+- Use configured safe outputs for all visible write actions.
+- Call `noop` with a short reason when no action is needed.
+```
+
+## Validation Checklist
+
+Before final output, run this internal self-check:
+
+- [ ] Agent job permissions remain read-only (writes only via safe outputs)
+- [ ] `safe-outputs:` covers every write action mentioned in prompt/instructions
+- [ ] Network access is scoped; avoid blanket wildcard entries
+- [ ] Trigger matches the user's intended activation event
+- [ ] Prompt instructs agent to call `noop` when no action is needed
+- [ ] Unnecessary defaults are omitted (for example `engine: copilot`)
+- [ ] If reading GitHub data, `steps:` pre-fetches compact JSON (DataOps)
+- [ ] `tools.github.mode` is `gh-proxy` unless broader MCP toolsets are explicitly needed
+- [ ] Only required toolsets are listed (avoid blanket toolset lists)
+- [ ] Prompt references specific pre-computed file paths
+- [ ] For batch processing (>5 items), sub-agent pattern is suggested
+- [ ] For each third-party service/MCP integration, required secrets/env vars are listed
+- [ ] Auth guidance includes least-privilege token scope recommendations
+- [ ] For GHEC/GHES deployments, `engine.api-target` and GHES compatibility guidance are included when needed
+
+## References (load only when needed)
+
+In-repo references:
+- `.github/aw/syntax.md` (index → `.github/aw/syntax-core.md`, `.github/aw/syntax-agentic.md`, `.github/aw/syntax-tools-imports.md`)
+- `.github/aw/safe-outputs.md` (index → `.github/aw/safe-outputs-content.md`, `.github/aw/safe-outputs-management.md`, `.github/aw/safe-outputs-automation.md`, `.github/aw/safe-outputs-runtime.md`)
+- `.github/aw/network.md`
+- `.github/aw/patterns.md`
+- `.github/aw/subagents.md`
+- `.github/aw/token-optimization.md`
+- `.github/aw/triggers.md`
+- `.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md`
+
+Portable HTTPS references:
+- `https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/syntax.md` (index → `.../syntax-core.md`, `.../syntax-agentic.md`, `.../syntax-tools-imports.md`)
+- `https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/safe-outputs.md` (index → `.../safe-outputs-content.md`, `.../safe-outputs-management.md`, `.../safe-outputs-automation.md`, `.../safe-outputs-runtime.md`)
+- `https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/network.md`
+- `https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/patterns.md`
+- `https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/triggers.md`
+- `https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md`
diff --git a/.github/skills/agentic-workflows/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/agentic-workflows/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee714d339d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/agentic-workflows/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+---
+name: agentic-workflows
+description: Route gh-aw workflow design/create/debug/upgrade requests to the right prompts.
+---
+
+# Agentic Workflows Router
+
+Use this skill when a user asks to design, create, update, debug, or upgrade GitHub Agentic Workflows in this repository.
+
+This skill is a dispatcher: identify the task type, load the matching workflow prompt/skill file, and follow it directly. Keep responses concise and ask a clarifying question if the correct prompt is unclear.
+
+Read only the files you need:
+Load these files from `github/gh-aw` (they are not available locally).
+- `.github/aw/agentic-chat.md`
+- `.github/aw/agentic-workflows-mcp.md`
+- `.github/aw/asciicharts.md`
+- `.github/aw/campaign.md`
+- `.github/aw/charts-trending.md`
+- `.github/aw/charts.md`
+- `.github/aw/cli-commands.md`
+- `.github/aw/context.md`
+- `.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md`
+- `.github/aw/create-shared-agentic-workflow.md`
+- `.github/aw/debug-agentic-workflow.md`
+- `.github/aw/dependabot.md`
+- `.github/aw/deployment-status.md`
+- `.github/aw/experiments.md`
+- `.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md`
+- `.github/aw/github-mcp-server.md`
+- `.github/aw/llms.md`
+- `.github/aw/mcp-clis.md`
+- `.github/aw/memory.md`
+- `.github/aw/messages.md`
+- `.github/aw/network.md`
+- `.github/aw/optimize-agentic-workflow.md`
+- `.github/aw/patterns.md`
+- `.github/aw/pr-reviewer.md`
+- `.github/aw/report.md`
+- `.github/aw/reuse.md`
+- `.github/aw/safe-outputs-automation.md`
+- `.github/aw/safe-outputs-content.md`
+- `.github/aw/safe-outputs-management.md`
+- `.github/aw/safe-outputs-runtime.md`
+- `.github/aw/safe-outputs.md`
+- `.github/aw/serena-tool.md`
+- `.github/aw/shared-safe-jobs.md`
+- `.github/aw/skills.md`
+- `.github/aw/subagents.md`
+- `.github/aw/syntax-agentic.md`
+- `.github/aw/syntax-core.md`
+- `.github/aw/syntax-tools-imports.md`
+- `.github/aw/syntax.md`
+- `.github/aw/test-coverage.md`
+- `.github/aw/test-expression.md`
+- `.github/aw/token-optimization.md`
+- `.github/aw/triggers.md`
+- `.github/aw/update-agentic-workflow.md`
+- `.github/aw/upgrade-agentic-workflows.md`
+- `.github/aw/visual-regression.md`
+- `.github/aw/workflow-constraints.md`
+- `.github/aw/workflow-editing.md`
+- `.github/aw/workflow-patterns.md`
+
+- `.github/skills/agentic-workflow-designer/SKILL.md`
+After loading the matching workflow prompt or skill, follow it directly:
+- Design workflows from scratch via interview: `skills/agentic-workflow-designer/SKILL.md`
+- Create new workflows: `.github/aw/create-agentic-workflow.md`
+- Update existing workflows: `.github/aw/update-agentic-workflow.md`
+- Debug, audit, or investigate workflows: `.github/aw/debug-agentic-workflow.md`
+- Upgrade workflows and fix deprecations: `.github/aw/upgrade-agentic-workflows.md`
+- Create shared components or MCP wrappers: `.github/aw/create-shared-agentic-workflow.md`
+- Create report-generating workflows: `.github/aw/report.md`
+- Fix Dependabot manifest PRs: `.github/aw/dependabot.md`
+- Analyze coverage workflows: `.github/aw/test-coverage.md`
+- Render compact markdown charts: `.github/aw/asciicharts.md`
+- Map CLI commands to MCP usage: `.github/aw/cli-commands.md`
+- Choose workflow architecture and patterns: `.github/aw/patterns.md`
+- Optimize token usage and cost: `.github/aw/token-optimization.md`
+
+When the task involves OTEL, OTLP, traces, observability backends, or telemetry-driven analysis, also read and follow `skills/otel-queries/SKILL.md` after loading the matching workflow prompt or skill.
diff --git a/.github/skills/benchmark/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/benchmark/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d34947848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/benchmark/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+---
+name: benchmark
+description: Measure Z3 performance on a formula or file. Collects wall-clock time, theory solver statistics, memory usage, and conflict counts. Results are logged to z3agent.db for longitudinal tracking.
+---
+
+Given an SMT-LIB2 formula or file, run Z3 with statistics enabled and report performance characteristics. This is useful for identifying performance regressions, comparing tactic strategies, and profiling theory solver workload distribution.
+
+# Step 1: Run Z3 with statistics
+
+Action:
+    Invoke benchmark.py with the formula or file. Use `--runs N` for
+    repeated timing.
+
+Expectation:
+    The script invokes `z3 -st`, parses the statistics block, and prints
+    a performance summary. A run entry is logged to z3agent.db.
+
+Result:
+    Timing and statistics are displayed. Proceed to Step 2 to interpret.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/benchmark.py --file problem.smt2
+python3 scripts/benchmark.py --file problem.smt2 --runs 5
+python3 scripts/benchmark.py --formula "(declare-const x Int)..." --debug
+```
+
+# Step 2: Interpret the output
+
+Action:
+    Review wall-clock time, memory usage, conflict counts, and per-theory
+    breakdowns.
+
+Expectation:
+    A complete performance profile including min/median/max timing when
+    multiple runs are requested.
+
+Result:
+    If performance is acceptable, no action needed.
+    If slow, try **simplify** to reduce the formula or adjust tactic strategies.
+
+The output includes:
+
+- wall-clock time (ms)
+- result (sat/unsat/unknown/timeout)
+- memory usage (MB)
+- conflicts, decisions, propagations
+- per-theory breakdown (arithmetic, bv, array, etc.)
+
+With `--runs N`, the script runs Z3 N times and reports min/median/max timing.
+
+# Step 3: Compare over time
+
+Action:
+    Query past benchmark runs from z3agent.db to detect regressions or
+    improvements.
+
+Expectation:
+    Historical run data is available for comparison, ordered by recency.
+
+Result:
+    If performance regressed, investigate recent formula or tactic changes.
+    If improved, record the successful configuration.
+
+```bash
+python3 ../../shared/z3db.py runs --skill benchmark --last 20
+python3 ../../shared/z3db.py query "SELECT smtlib2, result, stats FROM formulas WHERE run_id IN (SELECT run_id FROM runs WHERE skill='benchmark') ORDER BY run_id DESC LIMIT 5"
+```
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| formula | string | no | | SMT-LIB2 formula |
+| file | path | no | | path to .smt2 file |
+| runs | int | no | 1 | number of repeated runs for timing |
+| timeout | int | no | 60 | seconds per run |
+| z3 | path | no | auto | path to z3 binary |
+| debug | flag | no | off | verbose tracing |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | logging database |
diff --git a/.github/skills/benchmark/scripts/benchmark.py b/.github/skills/benchmark/scripts/benchmark.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..152f0f4a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/benchmark/scripts/benchmark.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+benchmark.py: measure Z3 performance with statistics.
+
+Usage:
+    python benchmark.py --file problem.smt2
+    python benchmark.py --file problem.smt2 --runs 5
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import statistics
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, run_z3, parse_stats, setup_logging
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="benchmark")
+    parser.add_argument("--formula")
+    parser.add_argument("--file")
+    parser.add_argument("--runs", type=int, default=1)
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=60)
+    parser.add_argument("--z3", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    if args.file:
+        formula = Path(args.file).read_text()
+    elif args.formula:
+        formula = args.formula
+    else:
+        parser.error("provide --formula or --file")
+        return
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+    timings = []
+
+    for i in range(args.runs):
+        run_id = db.start_run("benchmark", formula)
+        result = run_z3(
+            formula,
+            z3_bin=args.z3,
+            timeout=args.timeout,
+            args=["-st"],
+            debug=args.debug,
+        )
+
+        stats = parse_stats(result["stdout"])
+        db.log_formula(run_id, formula, result["result"], stats=stats)
+        db.finish_run(
+            run_id, result["result"], result["duration_ms"], result["exit_code"]
+        )
+        timings.append(result["duration_ms"])
+
+        if args.runs == 1:
+            print(f"result: {result['result']}")
+            print(f"time: {result['duration_ms']}ms")
+            if stats:
+                print("statistics:")
+                for k, v in sorted(stats.items()):
+                    print(f"  :{k} {v}")
+
+    if args.runs > 1:
+        print(f"runs: {args.runs}")
+        print(f"min: {min(timings)}ms")
+        print(f"median: {statistics.median(timings):.0f}ms")
+        print(f"max: {max(timings)}ms")
+        print(f"result: {result['result']}")
+
+    db.close()
+    sys.exit(0 if result["exit_code"] == 0 else 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/encode/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/encode/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32d5dd1da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/encode/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+name: encode
+description: Translate constraint problems into SMT-LIB2 or Z3 Python API code. Handles common problem classes including scheduling, graph coloring, arithmetic puzzles, and verification conditions.
+---
+
+Given a problem description (natural language, pseudocode, or a partial formulation), produce a complete, syntactically valid SMT-LIB2 encoding or Z3 Python script. The encoding should declare all variables, assert all constraints, and include the appropriate check-sat / get-model commands.
+
+# Step 1: Identify the problem class
+
+Action:
+    Determine the SMT theory and variable sorts required by the problem
+    description.
+
+Expectation:
+    A clear mapping from the problem to one of the supported theories
+    (LIA, LRA, QF_BV, etc.).
+
+Result:
+    If the theory is identified, proceed to Step 2. If the problem spans
+    multiple theories, select the appropriate combined logic.
+
+| Problem class | Theory | Typical sorts |
+|---------------|--------|---------------|
+| Integer arithmetic | LIA / NIA | Int |
+| Real arithmetic | LRA / NRA | Real |
+| Bitvector operations | QF_BV | (_ BitVec N) |
+| Arrays and maps | QF_AX | (Array Int Int) |
+| Strings and regex | QF_S | String, RegLan |
+| Uninterpreted functions | QF_UF | custom sorts |
+| Mixed theories | AUFLIA, etc. | combination |
+
+# Step 2: Generate the encoding
+
+Action:
+    Invoke encode.py with the problem description and desired output format.
+
+Expectation:
+    The script produces a complete SMT-LIB2 file or Z3 Python script with
+    all declarations, constraints, and check-sat commands.
+
+Result:
+    For `smtlib2` format: pass the output to **solve**.
+    For `python` format: execute the script directly.
+    Proceed to Step 3 for validation.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/encode.py --problem "Find integers x, y such that x^2 + y^2 = 25 and x > 0" --format smtlib2
+python3 scripts/encode.py --problem "Schedule 4 tasks on 2 machines minimizing makespan" --format python
+```
+
+# Step 3: Validate the encoding
+
+Action:
+    The script runs a syntax check by piping the output through `z3 -in`
+    in parse-only mode.
+
+Expectation:
+    No parse errors. If errors occur, the offending line is reported.
+
+Result:
+    On success: the encoding is ready for **solve**, **prove**, or **optimize**.
+    On parse error: fix the reported line and re-run.
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| problem | string | yes | | problem description |
+| format | string | no | smtlib2 | output format: smtlib2 or python |
+| output | path | no | stdout | write to file instead of stdout |
+| validate | flag | no | on | run syntax check on the output |
+| debug | flag | no | off | verbose tracing |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | logging database |
diff --git a/.github/skills/encode/scripts/encode.py b/.github/skills/encode/scripts/encode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87aaf6c04f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/encode/scripts/encode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+encode.py: validate and format SMT-LIB2 encodings.
+
+Usage:
+    python encode.py --validate formula.smt2
+    python encode.py --validate formula.smt2 --debug
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import re
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, run_z3, setup_logging
+
+VALIDATION_TIMEOUT = 5
+
+
+def read_input(path_or_stdin: str) -> str:
+    """Read formula from a file path or stdin (when path is '-')."""
+    if path_or_stdin == "-":
+        return sys.stdin.read()
+    p = Path(path_or_stdin)
+    if not p.exists():
+        print(f"file not found: {p}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return p.read_text()
+
+
+def find_errors(output: str) -> list:
+    """Extract (error ...) messages from Z3 output."""
+    return re.findall(r'\(error\s+"([^"]+)"\)', output)
+
+
+def validate(formula: str, z3_bin: str = None, debug: bool = False) -> dict:
+    """
+    Validate an SMT-LIB2 formula by piping it through z3 -in.
+    Returns a dict with 'valid' (bool), 'errors' (list), and 'raw' output.
+    """
+    result = run_z3(
+        formula,
+        z3_bin=z3_bin,
+        timeout=VALIDATION_TIMEOUT,
+        debug=debug,
+    )
+    errors = find_errors(result["stdout"]) + find_errors(result["stderr"])
+
+    if result["result"] == "timeout":
+        # Timeout during validation is not a syntax error: the formula
+        # parsed successfully but solving exceeded the limit.  That counts
+        # as syntactically valid.
+        return {"valid": True, "errors": [], "raw": result}
+
+    if errors or result["exit_code"] != 0:
+        return {"valid": False, "errors": errors, "raw": result}
+
+    return {"valid": True, "errors": [], "raw": result}
+
+
+def report_errors(errors: list, formula: str):
+    """Print each syntax error with surrounding context."""
+    lines = formula.splitlines()
+    print(f"validation failed: {len(errors)} error(s)", file=sys.stderr)
+    for err in errors:
+        print(f"  : {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+    if len(lines) <= 20:
+        print("formula:", file=sys.stderr)
+        for i, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
+            print(f"  {i:3d}  {line}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+def write_output(formula: str, output_path: str, fmt: str):
+    """Write the validated formula to a file or stdout."""
+    if fmt == "python":
+        print(
+            "python format output is generated by the agent, " "not by this script",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if output_path:
+        Path(output_path).write_text(formula)
+        print(f"written to {output_path}")
+    else:
+        print(formula)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="encode")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--validate",
+        metavar="FILE",
+        help="path to .smt2 file to validate, or '-' for stdin",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--format",
+        choices=["smtlib2", "python"],
+        default="smtlib2",
+        help="output format (default: smtlib2)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--output",
+        metavar="FILE",
+        default=None,
+        help="write result to file instead of stdout",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--z3", default=None, help="path to z3 binary")
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    if not args.validate:
+        parser.error("provide --validate FILE")
+        return
+
+    formula = read_input(args.validate)
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+    run_id = db.start_run("encode", formula)
+
+    result = validate(formula, z3_bin=args.z3, debug=args.debug)
+
+    if result["valid"]:
+        db.log_formula(run_id, formula, "valid")
+        db.finish_run(run_id, "valid", result["raw"]["duration_ms"], 0)
+        write_output(formula, args.output, args.format)
+        db.close()
+        sys.exit(0)
+    else:
+        db.log_formula(run_id, formula, "error")
+        for err in result["errors"]:
+            db.log_finding(run_id, "syntax", err, severity="error")
+        db.finish_run(
+            run_id,
+            "error",
+            result["raw"]["duration_ms"],
+            result["raw"]["exit_code"],
+        )
+        report_errors(result["errors"], formula)
+        db.close()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/explain/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/explain/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7ffe25af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/explain/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+name: explain
+description: Parse and interpret Z3 output for human consumption. Handles models, unsat cores, proofs, statistics, and error messages. Translates solver internals into plain-language explanations.
+---
+
+Given raw Z3 output (from the **solve**, **prove**, **optimize**, or **benchmark** skills), produce a structured explanation. This skill is for cases where the solver output is large, nested, or otherwise difficult to read directly.
+
+# Step 1: Identify the output type
+
+Action:
+    Determine the category of Z3 output to explain: model, core,
+    statistics, error, or proof.
+
+Expectation:
+    The output type maps to one of the recognized formats in the table below.
+
+Result:
+    If the type is ambiguous, use `--type auto` and let the script detect it.
+    Proceed to Step 2.
+
+| Output contains | Explanation type |
+|----------------|-----------------|
+| `(define-fun ...)` blocks | model explanation |
+| unsat core labels | conflict explanation |
+| `:key value` statistics | performance breakdown |
+| `(error ...)` | error diagnosis |
+| proof terms | proof sketch |
+
+# Step 2: Run the explainer
+
+Action:
+    Invoke explain.py with the output file or stdin.
+
+Expectation:
+    The script auto-detects the output type and produces a structured
+    plain-language summary.
+
+Result:
+    A formatted explanation is printed. If detection fails, re-run with
+    an explicit `--type` flag.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/explain.py --file output.txt
+python3 scripts/explain.py --stdin < output.txt
+python3 scripts/explain.py --file output.txt --debug
+```
+
+# Step 3: Interpret the explanation
+
+Action:
+    Review the structured explanation for accuracy and completeness.
+
+Expectation:
+    Models list each variable with its value and sort. Cores list
+    conflicting assertions. Statistics show time and memory breakdowns.
+
+Result:
+    Use the explanation to answer the user query or to guide the next
+    skill invocation.
+
+For models:
+- Each variable is listed with its value and sort
+- Array and function interpretations are expanded
+- Bitvector values are shown in decimal and hex
+
+For unsat cores:
+- The conflicting named assertions are listed
+- A minimal conflict set is highlighted
+
+For statistics:
+- Time breakdown by phase (preprocessing, solving, model construction)
+- Theory solver load distribution
+- Memory high-water mark
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| file | path | no | | file containing Z3 output |
+| stdin | flag | no | off | read from stdin |
+| type | string | no | auto | force output type: model, core, stats, error |
+| debug | flag | no | off | verbose tracing |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | logging database |
diff --git a/.github/skills/explain/scripts/explain.py b/.github/skills/explain/scripts/explain.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d54bbc255e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/explain/scripts/explain.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+explain.py: interpret Z3 output in a readable form.
+
+Usage:
+    python explain.py --file output.txt
+    echo "sat\n(model ...)" | python explain.py --stdin
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import re
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, parse_model, parse_stats, parse_unsat_core, setup_logging
+
+
+def detect_type(text: str) -> str:
+    if "(define-fun" in text:
+        return "model"
+    if "(error" in text:
+        return "error"
+    if re.search(r":\S+\s+[\d.]+", text):
+        return "stats"
+    first = text.strip().split("\n")[0].strip()
+    if first == "unsat":
+        return "core"
+    return "unknown"
+
+
+def explain_model(text: str):
+    model = parse_model(text)
+    if not model:
+        print("no model found in output")
+        return
+    print("satisfying assignment:")
+    for name, val in model.items():
+        # show hex for large integers (likely bitvectors)
+        try:
+            n = int(val)
+            if abs(n) > 255:
+                print(f"  {name} = {val} (0x{n:x})")
+            else:
+                print(f"  {name} = {val}")
+        except ValueError:
+            print(f"  {name} = {val}")
+
+
+def explain_core(text: str):
+    core = parse_unsat_core(text)
+    if core:
+        print(f"conflicting assertions ({len(core)}):")
+        for label in core:
+            print(f"  {label}")
+    else:
+        print("unsat (no named assertions for core extraction)")
+
+
+def explain_stats(text: str):
+    stats = parse_stats(text)
+    if not stats:
+        print("no statistics found")
+        return
+    print("performance breakdown:")
+    for k in sorted(stats):
+        print(f"  :{k} {stats[k]}")
+
+    if "time" in stats:
+        print(f"\ntotal time: {stats['time']}s")
+    if "memory" in stats:
+        print(f"peak memory: {stats['memory']} MB")
+
+
+def explain_error(text: str):
+    errors = re.findall(r'\(error\s+"([^"]+)"\)', text)
+    if errors:
+        print(f"Z3 reported {len(errors)} error(s):")
+        for e in errors:
+            print(f"  {e}")
+    else:
+        print("error in output but could not parse message")
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="explain")
+    parser.add_argument("--file")
+    parser.add_argument("--stdin", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--type", choices=["model", "core", "stats", "error", "auto"], default="auto"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    if args.file:
+        text = Path(args.file).read_text()
+    elif args.stdin:
+        text = sys.stdin.read()
+    else:
+        parser.error("provide --file or --stdin")
+        return
+
+    output_type = args.type if args.type != "auto" else detect_type(text)
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+    run_id = db.start_run("explain", text[:200])
+
+    if output_type == "model":
+        explain_model(text)
+    elif output_type == "core":
+        explain_core(text)
+    elif output_type == "stats":
+        explain_stats(text)
+    elif output_type == "error":
+        explain_error(text)
+    else:
+        print("could not determine output type")
+        print("raw output:")
+        print(text[:500])
+
+    db.finish_run(run_id, "success", 0, 0)
+    db.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/memory-safety/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/memory-safety/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e2eee686f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/memory-safety/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+---
+name: memory-safety
+description: Run AddressSanitizer and UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer on the Z3 test suite to detect memory errors, undefined behavior, and leaks. Logs each finding to z3agent.db.
+---
+
+Build Z3 with compiler-based sanitizer instrumentation, execute the test suite, and parse the runtime output for memory safety violations. Supported sanitizers are AddressSanitizer (heap and stack buffer overflows, use-after-free, double-free, memory leaks) and UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (signed integer overflow, null pointer dereference, misaligned access, shift errors). Findings are deduplicated and stored in z3agent.db for triage and longitudinal tracking.
+
+# Step 1: Configure and build
+
+Action:
+    Invoke the script with the desired sanitizer flag. The script calls
+    cmake with the appropriate `-fsanitize` flags and builds the `test-z3`
+    target. Each sanitizer uses a separate build directory to avoid flag
+    conflicts.
+
+Expectation:
+    cmake configures successfully and make compiles the instrumented binary.
+    If a prior build exists with matching flags, only incremental compilation
+    runs.
+
+Result:
+    On success: an instrumented `test-z3` binary is ready in the build
+    directory. Proceed to Step 2.
+    On failure: verify compiler support for the requested sanitizer flags
+    and review cmake output.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/memory_safety.py --sanitizer asan
+python3 scripts/memory_safety.py --sanitizer ubsan
+python3 scripts/memory_safety.py --sanitizer both
+```
+
+To reuse an existing build:
+```bash
+python3 scripts/memory_safety.py --sanitizer asan --skip-build --build-dir build/sanitizer-asan
+```
+
+# Step 2: Run and collect
+
+Action:
+    Execute the instrumented test binary with halt_on_error=0 so all
+    violations are reported rather than aborting on the first.
+
+Expectation:
+    The script parses AddressSanitizer, UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer, and
+    LeakSanitizer patterns from combined output, extracts source locations,
+    and deduplicates by category/file/line.
+
+Result:
+    On `clean`: no violations detected.
+    On `findings`: one or more violations found, each printed with severity,
+    category, message, and source location.
+    On `timeout`: test suite did not finish; increase timeout or investigate.
+    On `error`: build or execution failed before sanitizer output.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/memory_safety.py --sanitizer asan --timeout 900 --debug
+```
+
+# Step 3: Interpret results
+
+Action:
+    Review printed findings and query z3agent.db for historical comparison.
+
+Expectation:
+    Each finding includes severity, category, message, and source location.
+    The database query returns prior runs for trend analysis.
+
+Result:
+    On `clean`: no action required; proceed.
+    On `findings`: triage by severity and category. Compare against prior
+    runs to distinguish new regressions from known issues.
+    On `timeout`: increase the deadline or investigate a possible infinite
+    loop.
+    On `error`: inspect build logs before re-running.
+
+Query past runs:
+```bash
+python3 ../../shared/z3db.py runs --skill memory-safety --last 10
+python3 ../../shared/z3db.py query "SELECT category, severity, file, line, message FROM findings WHERE run_id IN (SELECT run_id FROM runs WHERE skill='memory-safety') ORDER BY run_id DESC LIMIT 20"
+```
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| sanitizer | choice | no | asan | which sanitizer to enable: asan, ubsan, or both |
+| build-dir | path | no | build/sanitizer-{name} | path to the build directory |
+| timeout | int | no | 600 | seconds before killing the test run |
+| skip-build | flag | no | off | reuse an existing instrumented build |
+| debug | flag | no | off | verbose cmake, make, and test output |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | path to the logging database |
diff --git a/.github/skills/memory-safety/scripts/memory_safety.py b/.github/skills/memory-safety/scripts/memory_safety.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10fb8ec82f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/memory-safety/scripts/memory_safety.py
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+memory_safety.py: run sanitizer checks on Z3 test suite.
+
+Usage:
+    python memory_safety.py --sanitizer asan
+    python memory_safety.py --sanitizer ubsan --debug
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, require_repo_root, setup_logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("z3agent")
+
+SANITIZER_FLAGS = {
+    "asan": "-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer",
+    "ubsan": "-fsanitize=undefined -fno-omit-frame-pointer",
+}
+
+ASAN_ERROR = re.compile(r"ERROR:\s*AddressSanitizer:\s*(\S+)")
+UBSAN_ERROR = re.compile(r":\d+:\d+:\s*runtime error:\s*(.+)")
+LEAK_ERROR = re.compile(r"ERROR:\s*LeakSanitizer:")
+LOCATION = re.compile(r"(\S+\.(?:cpp|c|h|hpp)):(\d+)")
+
+
+def check_dependencies():
+    """Fail early if required build tools are not on PATH."""
+    missing = []
+    if not shutil.which("cmake"):
+        missing.append(("cmake", "sudo apt install cmake"))
+    if not shutil.which("make"):
+        missing.append(("make", "sudo apt install build-essential"))
+
+    cc = shutil.which("clang") or shutil.which("gcc")
+    if not cc:
+        missing.append(("clang or gcc", "sudo apt install clang"))
+
+    if missing:
+        print("required tools not found:", file=sys.stderr)
+        for tool, install in missing:
+            print(f"  {tool}: {install}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def build_is_configured(build_dir: Path, sanitizer: str) -> bool:
+    """Check whether the build directory already has a matching cmake config."""
+    cache = build_dir / "CMakeCache.txt"
+    if not cache.is_file():
+        return False
+    expected = SANITIZER_FLAGS[sanitizer].split()[0]
+    return expected in cache.read_text()
+
+
+def configure(build_dir: Path, sanitizer: str, repo_root: Path) -> bool:
+    """Run cmake with the requested sanitizer flags."""
+    flags = SANITIZER_FLAGS[sanitizer]
+    build_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    cmd = [
+        "cmake", str(repo_root),
+        f"-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS={flags}",
+        f"-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS={flags}",
+        f"-DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS={flags}",
+        "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug",
+        "-DZ3_BUILD_TEST=ON",
+    ]
+    logger.info("configuring %s build in %s", sanitizer, build_dir)
+    logger.debug("cmake command: %s", " ".join(cmd))
+    proc = subprocess.run(cmd, cwd=build_dir, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        logger.error("cmake failed:\n%s", proc.stderr)
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def compile_tests(build_dir: Path) -> bool:
+    """Compile the test-z3 target."""
+    nproc = os.cpu_count() or 4
+    cmd = ["make", f"-j{nproc}", "test-z3"]
+    logger.info("compiling test-z3 (%d parallel jobs)", nproc)
+    proc = subprocess.run(cmd, cwd=build_dir, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        logger.error("compilation failed:\n%s", proc.stderr[-2000:])
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def run_tests(build_dir: Path, timeout: int) -> dict:
+    """Execute test-z3 under sanitizer runtime and capture output."""
+    test_bin = build_dir / "test-z3"
+    if not test_bin.is_file():
+        logger.error("test-z3 not found at %s", test_bin)
+        return {"stdout": "", "stderr": "binary not found", "exit_code": -1,
+                "duration_ms": 0}
+
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    env["ASAN_OPTIONS"] = "detect_leaks=1:halt_on_error=0:print_stacktrace=1"
+    env["UBSAN_OPTIONS"] = "print_stacktrace=1:halt_on_error=0"
+
+    cmd = [str(test_bin), "/a"]
+    logger.info("running: %s", " ".join(cmd))
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout,
+            cwd=build_dir, env=env,
+        )
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        ms = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+        logger.warning("test-z3 timed out after %dms", ms)
+        return {"stdout": "", "stderr": "timeout", "exit_code": -1,
+                "duration_ms": ms}
+
+    ms = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+    logger.debug("exit_code=%d duration=%dms", proc.returncode, ms)
+    return {
+        "stdout": proc.stdout,
+        "stderr": proc.stderr,
+        "exit_code": proc.returncode,
+        "duration_ms": ms,
+    }
+
+
+def parse_findings(output: str) -> list:
+    """Extract sanitizer error reports from combined stdout and stderr."""
+    findings = []
+    lines = output.split("\n")
+
+    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+        entry = None
+
+        m = ASAN_ERROR.search(line)
+        if m:
+            entry = {"category": "asan", "message": m.group(1),
+                     "severity": "high"}
+
+        if not entry:
+            m = LEAK_ERROR.search(line)
+            if m:
+                entry = {"category": "leak",
+                         "message": "detected memory leaks",
+                         "severity": "high"}
+
+        if not entry:
+            m = UBSAN_ERROR.search(line)
+            if m:
+                entry = {"category": "ubsan", "message": m.group(1),
+                         "severity": "medium"}
+
+        if not entry:
+            continue
+
+        file_path, line_no = None, None
+        window = lines[max(0, i - 2):i + 5]
+        for ctx in window:
+            loc = LOCATION.search(ctx)
+            if loc and "/usr/" not in loc.group(1):
+                file_path = loc.group(1)
+                line_no = int(loc.group(2))
+                break
+
+        entry["file"] = file_path
+        entry["line"] = line_no
+        entry["raw"] = line.strip()
+        findings.append(entry)
+
+    return findings
+
+
+def deduplicate(findings: list) -> list:
+    """Remove duplicate reports at the same category, file, and line."""
+    seen = set()
+    result = []
+    for f in findings:
+        key = (f["category"], f["file"], f["line"], f["message"])
+        if key in seen:
+            continue
+        seen.add(key)
+        result.append(f)
+    return result
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="memory-safety")
+    parser.add_argument("--sanitizer", choices=["asan", "ubsan", "both"],
+                        default="asan",
+                        help="sanitizer to enable (default: asan)")
+    parser.add_argument("--build-dir", default=None,
+                        help="path to build directory")
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=600,
+                        help="seconds before killing test run")
+    parser.add_argument("--skip-build", action="store_true",
+                        help="reuse existing instrumented build")
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None,
+                        help="path to z3agent.db")
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+    check_dependencies()
+    repo_root = require_repo_root()
+
+    sanitizers = ["asan", "ubsan"] if args.sanitizer == "both" else [args.sanitizer]
+    all_findings = []
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+
+    for san in sanitizers:
+        if args.build_dir:
+            build_dir = Path(args.build_dir)
+        else:
+            build_dir = repo_root / "build" / f"sanitizer-{san}"
+
+        run_id = db.start_run("memory-safety", f"sanitizer={san}")
+        db.log(f"sanitizer: {san}, build: {build_dir}", run_id=run_id)
+
+        if not args.skip_build:
+            needs_configure = not build_is_configured(build_dir, san)
+            if needs_configure and not configure(build_dir, san, repo_root):
+                db.finish_run(run_id, "error", 0, exit_code=1)
+                print(f"FAIL: cmake configuration failed for {san}")
+                continue
+            if not compile_tests(build_dir):
+                db.finish_run(run_id, "error", 0, exit_code=1)
+                print(f"FAIL: compilation failed for {san}")
+                continue
+
+        result = run_tests(build_dir, args.timeout)
+        combined = result["stdout"] + "\n" + result["stderr"]
+        findings = deduplicate(parse_findings(combined))
+
+        for f in findings:
+            db.log_finding(
+                run_id,
+                category=f["category"],
+                message=f["message"],
+                severity=f["severity"],
+                file=f["file"],
+                line=f["line"],
+                details={"raw": f["raw"]},
+            )
+
+        status = "clean" if not findings else "findings"
+        if result["exit_code"] == -1:
+            status = "timeout" if "timeout" in result["stderr"] else "error"
+
+        db.finish_run(run_id, status, result["duration_ms"], result["exit_code"])
+        all_findings.extend(findings)
+        print(f"{san}: {len(findings)} finding(s), {result['duration_ms']}ms")
+
+    if all_findings:
+        print(f"\nTotal: {len(all_findings)} finding(s)")
+        for f in all_findings:
+            loc = f"{f['file']}:{f['line']}" if f["file"] else "unknown location"
+            print(f"  [{f['severity']}] {f['category']}: {f['message']} at {loc}")
+        db.close()
+        sys.exit(1)
+    else:
+        print("\nNo sanitizer findings.")
+        db.close()
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/optimize/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/optimize/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0414e7e9f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/optimize/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+name: optimize
+description: Solve constrained optimization problems using Z3. Supports minimization and maximization of objective functions over integer, real, and bitvector domains.
+---
+
+Given a set of constraints and an objective function, find the optimal value. Z3 supports both hard constraints (must hold) and soft constraints (weighted preferences), as well as lexicographic multi-objective optimization.
+
+# Step 1: Formulate the problem
+
+Action:
+    Write constraints and an objective using `(minimize ...)` or
+    `(maximize ...)` directives, followed by `(check-sat)` and `(get-model)`.
+
+Expectation:
+    A valid SMT-LIB2 formula with at least one optimization directive and
+    all variables declared.
+
+Result:
+    If the formula is well-formed, proceed to Step 2. For multi-objective
+    problems, list directives in priority order for lexicographic optimization.
+
+Example: minimize `x + y` subject to `x >= 1`, `y >= 2`, `x + y <= 10`:
+```smtlib
+(declare-const x Int)
+(declare-const y Int)
+(assert (>= x 1))
+(assert (>= y 2))
+(assert (<= (+ x y) 10))
+(minimize (+ x y))
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)
+```
+
+# Step 2: Run the optimizer
+
+Action:
+    Invoke optimize.py with the formula or file path.
+
+Expectation:
+    The script prints `sat` with the optimal assignment, `unsat`, `unknown`,
+    or `timeout`. A run entry is logged to z3agent.db.
+
+Result:
+    On `sat`: proceed to Step 3 to read the optimal values.
+    On `unsat` or `timeout`: check constraints for contradictions or simplify.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/optimize.py --file scheduling.smt2
+python3 scripts/optimize.py --formula "<inline smt-lib2>" --debug
+```
+
+# Step 3: Interpret the output
+
+Action:
+    Parse the objective value and satisfying assignment from the output.
+
+Expectation:
+    `sat` with a model containing the optimal value, `unsat` indicating
+    infeasibility, or `unknown`/`timeout`.
+
+Result:
+    On `sat`: report the optimal value and assignment.
+    On `unsat`: the constraints are contradictory, no feasible solution exists.
+    On `unknown`/`timeout`: relax constraints or try **simplify**.
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| formula | string | no | | SMT-LIB2 formula with minimize/maximize |
+| file | path | no | | path to .smt2 file |
+| timeout | int | no | 60 | seconds |
+| z3 | path | no | auto | path to z3 binary |
+| debug | flag | no | off | verbose tracing |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | logging database |
diff --git a/.github/skills/optimize/scripts/optimize.py b/.github/skills/optimize/scripts/optimize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd9c46668b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/optimize/scripts/optimize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+optimize.py: solve constrained optimization problems via Z3.
+
+Usage:
+    python optimize.py --file scheduling.smt2
+    python optimize.py --formula "(declare-const x Int)..." --debug
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, run_z3, parse_model, setup_logging
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="optimize")
+    parser.add_argument("--formula")
+    parser.add_argument("--file")
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=60)
+    parser.add_argument("--z3", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    if args.file:
+        formula = Path(args.file).read_text()
+    elif args.formula:
+        formula = args.formula
+    else:
+        parser.error("provide --formula or --file")
+        return
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+    run_id = db.start_run("optimize", formula)
+
+    result = run_z3(formula, z3_bin=args.z3, timeout=args.timeout, debug=args.debug)
+
+    model = parse_model(result["stdout"]) if result["result"] == "sat" else None
+
+    db.log_formula(run_id, formula, result["result"], str(model) if model else None)
+    db.finish_run(run_id, result["result"], result["duration_ms"], result["exit_code"])
+
+    print(result["result"])
+    if model:
+        for name, val in model.items():
+            print(f"  {name} = {val}")
+
+    db.close()
+    sys.exit(0 if result["exit_code"] == 0 else 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/prove/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/prove/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60ddc8ea61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/prove/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+name: prove
+description: Prove validity of logical statements by negation and satisfiability checking. If the negation is unsatisfiable, the original statement is valid. Otherwise a counterexample is returned.
+---
+
+Given a conjecture (an SMT-LIB2 assertion or a natural language claim), determine whether it holds universally. The method is standard: negate the conjecture and check satisfiability. If the negation is unsatisfiable, the original is valid. If satisfiable, the model is a counterexample.
+
+# Step 1: Prepare the negated formula
+
+Action:
+    Wrap the conjecture in `(assert (not ...))` and append
+    `(check-sat)(get-model)`.
+
+Expectation:
+    A complete SMT-LIB2 formula that negates the original conjecture with
+    all variables declared.
+
+Result:
+    If the negation is well-formed, proceed to Step 2.
+    If the conjecture is natural language, run **encode** first.
+
+Example: to prove that `(> x 3)` implies `(> x 1)`:
+```smtlib
+(declare-const x Int)
+(assert (not (=> (> x 3) (> x 1))))
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)
+```
+
+# Step 2: Run the prover
+
+Action:
+    Invoke prove.py with the conjecture and variable declarations.
+
+Expectation:
+    The script prints `valid`, `invalid` (with counterexample), `unknown`,
+    or `timeout`. A run entry is logged to z3agent.db.
+
+Result:
+    On `valid`: proceed to **explain** if the user needs a summary.
+    On `invalid`: report the counterexample directly.
+    On `unknown`/`timeout`: try **simplify** first, or increase the timeout.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/prove.py --conjecture "(=> (> x 3) (> x 1))" --vars "x:Int"
+```
+
+For file input where the file contains the full negated formula:
+```bash
+python3 scripts/prove.py --file negated.smt2
+```
+
+With debug tracing:
+```bash
+python3 scripts/prove.py --conjecture "(=> (> x 3) (> x 1))" --vars "x:Int" --debug
+```
+
+# Step 3: Interpret the output
+
+Action:
+    Read the prover output to determine validity of the conjecture.
+
+Expectation:
+    One of `valid`, `invalid` (with counterexample), `unknown`, or `timeout`.
+
+Result:
+    On `valid`: the conjecture holds universally.
+    On `invalid`: the model shows a concrete counterexample.
+    On `unknown`/`timeout`: the conjecture may require auxiliary lemmas or induction.
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| conjecture | string | no | | the assertion to prove (without negation) |
+| vars | string | no | | variable declarations as "name:sort" pairs, comma-separated |
+| file | path | no | | .smt2 file with the negated formula |
+| timeout | int | no | 30 | seconds |
+| z3 | path | no | auto | path to z3 binary |
+| debug | flag | no | off | verbose tracing |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | logging database |
+
+Either `conjecture` (with `vars`) or `file` must be provided.
diff --git a/.github/skills/prove/scripts/prove.py b/.github/skills/prove/scripts/prove.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4656fdd75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/prove/scripts/prove.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+prove.py: prove validity by negation + satisfiability check.
+
+Usage:
+    python prove.py --conjecture "(=> (> x 3) (> x 1))" --vars "x:Int"
+    python prove.py --file negated.smt2
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, run_z3, parse_model, setup_logging
+
+
+def build_formula(conjecture: str, vars_str: str) -> str:
+    lines = []
+    if vars_str:
+        for v in vars_str.split(","):
+            v = v.strip()
+            name, sort = v.split(":")
+            lines.append(f"(declare-const {name.strip()} {sort.strip()})")
+    lines.append(f"(assert (not {conjecture}))")
+    lines.append("(check-sat)")
+    lines.append("(get-model)")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="prove")
+    parser.add_argument("--conjecture", help="assertion to prove")
+    parser.add_argument("--vars", help="variable declarations, e.g. 'x:Int,y:Bool'")
+    parser.add_argument("--file", help="path to .smt2 file with negated formula")
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=30)
+    parser.add_argument("--z3", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    if args.file:
+        formula = Path(args.file).read_text()
+    elif args.conjecture:
+        formula = build_formula(args.conjecture, args.vars or "")
+    else:
+        parser.error("provide --conjecture or --file")
+        return
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+    run_id = db.start_run("prove", formula)
+
+    result = run_z3(formula, z3_bin=args.z3, timeout=args.timeout, debug=args.debug)
+
+    if result["result"] == "unsat":
+        verdict = "valid"
+    elif result["result"] == "sat":
+        verdict = "invalid"
+    else:
+        verdict = result["result"]
+
+    model = parse_model(result["stdout"]) if verdict == "invalid" else None
+
+    db.log_formula(run_id, formula, verdict, str(model) if model else None)
+    db.finish_run(run_id, verdict, result["duration_ms"], result["exit_code"])
+
+    print(verdict)
+    if model:
+        print("counterexample:")
+        for name, val in model.items():
+            print(f"  {name} = {val}")
+
+    db.close()
+    # Exit 0 when we successfully determined validity or invalidity;
+    # exit 1 only for errors/timeouts.
+    sys.exit(0 if verdict in ("valid", "invalid") else 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/shared/schema.sql b/.github/skills/shared/schema.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90c365e6d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/shared/schema.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+-- z3agent schema v1
+
+PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS runs (
+    run_id      INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    skill       TEXT NOT NULL,
+    input_hash  TEXT,
+    status      TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'running',
+    duration_ms INTEGER,
+    exit_code   INTEGER,
+    timestamp   TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_runs_skill ON runs(skill);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_runs_status ON runs(status);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS formulas (
+    formula_id  INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    run_id      INTEGER REFERENCES runs(run_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    smtlib2     TEXT NOT NULL,
+    result      TEXT,
+    model       TEXT,
+    stats       TEXT,
+    timestamp   TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_formulas_run ON formulas(run_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_formulas_result ON formulas(result);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS findings (
+    finding_id  INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    run_id      INTEGER REFERENCES runs(run_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    category    TEXT NOT NULL,
+    severity    TEXT,
+    file        TEXT,
+    line        INTEGER,
+    message     TEXT NOT NULL,
+    details     TEXT,
+    timestamp   TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_findings_run ON findings(run_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_findings_category ON findings(category);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_findings_severity ON findings(severity);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS interaction_log (
+    log_id      INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    run_id      INTEGER REFERENCES runs(run_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    level       TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'info',
+    message     TEXT NOT NULL,
+    timestamp   TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_log_run ON interaction_log(run_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_log_level ON interaction_log(level);
diff --git a/.github/skills/shared/z3db.py b/.github/skills/shared/z3db.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d49cb7cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/shared/z3db.py
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+z3db: shared library and CLI for Z3 skill scripts.
+
+Library usage:
+    from z3db import Z3DB, find_z3, find_repo_root, require_repo_root, run_z3
+
+CLI usage:
+    python z3db.py init
+    python z3db.py status
+    python z3db.py log [--run-id N]
+    python z3db.py runs [--skill solve] [--last N]
+    python z3db.py query "SELECT ..."
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import sqlite3
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+SCHEMA_PATH = Path(__file__).parent / "schema.sql"
+DEFAULT_DB_DIR = ".z3-agent"
+DEFAULT_DB_NAME = "z3agent.db"
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("z3agent")
+
+
+def setup_logging(debug: bool = False):
+    level = logging.DEBUG if debug else logging.INFO
+    fmt = (
+        "[%(levelname)s] %(message)s"
+        if not debug
+        else "[%(levelname)s %(asctime)s] %(message)s"
+    )
+    logging.basicConfig(level=level, format=fmt, stream=sys.stderr)
+
+
+class Z3DB:
+    """SQLite handle for z3agent.db, tracks runs, formulas, findings, logs."""
+
+    def __init__(self, db_path: Optional[str] = None):
+        if db_path is None:
+            db_dir = Path(DEFAULT_DB_DIR)
+            db_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+            db_path = str(db_dir / DEFAULT_DB_NAME)
+        self.db_path = db_path
+        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
+        self.conn.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON")
+        self.conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+        self._init_schema()
+
+    def _init_schema(self):
+        self.conn.executescript(SCHEMA_PATH.read_text())
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.conn.close()
+
+    def start_run(self, skill: str, input_text: str = "") -> int:
+        input_hash = hashlib.sha256(input_text.encode()).hexdigest()[:16]
+        cur = self.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO runs (skill, input_hash) VALUES (?, ?)",
+            (skill, input_hash),
+        )
+        self.conn.commit()
+        run_id = cur.lastrowid
+        logger.debug("started run %d (skill=%s, hash=%s)", run_id, skill, input_hash)
+        return run_id
+
+    def finish_run(
+        self, run_id: int, status: str, duration_ms: int, exit_code: int = 0
+    ):
+        self.conn.execute(
+            "UPDATE runs SET status=?, duration_ms=?, exit_code=? WHERE run_id=?",
+            (status, duration_ms, exit_code, run_id),
+        )
+        self.conn.commit()
+        logger.debug("finished run %d: %s (%dms)", run_id, status, duration_ms)
+
+    def log_formula(
+        self,
+        run_id: int,
+        smtlib2: str,
+        result: str = None,
+        model: str = None,
+        stats: dict = None,
+    ) -> int:
+        cur = self.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO formulas (run_id, smtlib2, result, model, stats) "
+            "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+            (run_id, smtlib2, result, model, json.dumps(stats) if stats else None),
+        )
+        self.conn.commit()
+        return cur.lastrowid
+
+    def log_finding(
+        self,
+        run_id: int,
+        category: str,
+        message: str,
+        severity: str = None,
+        file: str = None,
+        line: int = None,
+        details: dict = None,
+    ) -> int:
+        cur = self.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO findings (run_id, category, severity, file, line, "
+            "message, details) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+            (
+                run_id,
+                category,
+                severity,
+                file,
+                line,
+                message,
+                json.dumps(details) if details else None,
+            ),
+        )
+        self.conn.commit()
+        return cur.lastrowid
+
+    def log(self, message: str, level: str = "info", run_id: int = None):
+        """Write to stderr and to the interaction_log table."""
+        getattr(logger, level, logger.info)(message)
+        self.conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO interaction_log (run_id, level, message) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+            (run_id, level, message),
+        )
+        self.conn.commit()
+
+    def get_runs(self, skill: str = None, last: int = 10):
+        sql = "SELECT * FROM runs"
+        params = []
+        if skill:
+            sql += " WHERE skill = ?"
+            params.append(skill)
+        sql += " ORDER BY run_id DESC LIMIT ?"
+        params.append(last)
+        return self.conn.execute(sql, params).fetchall()
+
+    def get_status(self) -> dict:
+        rows = self.conn.execute(
+            "SELECT status, COUNT(*) as cnt FROM runs GROUP BY status"
+        ).fetchall()
+        total = sum(r["cnt"] for r in rows)
+        by_status = {r["status"]: r["cnt"] for r in rows}
+        last = self.conn.execute(
+            "SELECT timestamp FROM runs ORDER BY run_id DESC LIMIT 1"
+        ).fetchone()
+        return {
+            "total": total,
+            **by_status,
+            "last_run": last["timestamp"] if last else None,
+        }
+
+    def get_logs(self, run_id: int = None, last: int = 50):
+        if run_id:
+            return self.conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM interaction_log WHERE run_id=? "
+                "ORDER BY log_id DESC LIMIT ?",
+                (run_id, last),
+            ).fetchall()
+        return self.conn.execute(
+            "SELECT * FROM interaction_log ORDER BY log_id DESC LIMIT ?", (last,)
+        ).fetchall()
+
+    def query(self, sql: str):
+        return self.conn.execute(sql).fetchall()
+
+
+def find_z3(hint: str = None) -> str:
+    """Locate the z3 binary: explicit path > build dirs > PATH."""
+    candidates = []
+    if hint:
+        candidates.append(hint)
+
+    repo_root = find_repo_root()
+    if repo_root:
+        for build_dir in ["build", "build/release", "build/debug"]:
+            candidates.append(str(repo_root / build_dir / "z3"))
+
+    path_z3 = shutil.which("z3")
+    if path_z3:
+        candidates.append(path_z3)
+
+    for c in candidates:
+        p = Path(c)
+        if p.is_file() and os.access(p, os.X_OK):
+            logger.debug("found z3: %s", p)
+            return str(p)
+
+    logger.error("z3 binary not found. Searched: %s", candidates)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def find_repo_root() -> Optional[Path]:
+    """Best-effort search for the Z3 repository root from the current directory."""
+    d = Path.cwd()
+    for _ in range(10):
+        if (d / "CMakeLists.txt").exists() and (d / "src").is_dir():
+            return d
+        parent = d.parent
+        if parent == d:
+            break
+        d = parent
+    return None
+
+
+def require_repo_root() -> Path:
+    """Return the Z3 repository root or exit the process if it is not found."""
+    repo_root = find_repo_root()
+    if repo_root is None:
+        logger.error("could not locate Z3 repository root")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return repo_root
+
+
+def run_z3(
+    formula: str,
+    z3_bin: str = None,
+    timeout: int = 30,
+    args: list = None,
+    debug: bool = False,
+) -> dict:
+    """Pipe an SMT-LIB2 formula into z3 -in, return parsed output."""
+    z3_path = find_z3(z3_bin)
+    cmd = [z3_path, "-in"] + (args or [])
+
+    logger.debug("cmd: %s", " ".join(cmd))
+    logger.debug("stdin:\n%s", formula)
+
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            cmd,
+            input=formula,
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        duration_ms = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+        logger.warning("z3 timed out after %dms", duration_ms)
+        return {
+            "stdout": "",
+            "stderr": "timeout",
+            "exit_code": -1,
+            "duration_ms": duration_ms,
+            "result": "timeout",
+        }
+
+    duration_ms = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+
+    logger.debug("exit_code=%d duration=%dms", proc.returncode, duration_ms)
+    logger.debug("stdout:\n%s", proc.stdout)
+    if proc.stderr:
+        logger.debug("stderr:\n%s", proc.stderr)
+
+    first_line = proc.stdout.strip().split("\n")[0].strip() if proc.stdout else ""
+    result = first_line if first_line in ("sat", "unsat", "unknown") else "error"
+
+    return {
+        "stdout": proc.stdout,
+        "stderr": proc.stderr,
+        "exit_code": proc.returncode,
+        "duration_ms": duration_ms,
+        "result": result,
+    }
+
+
+def parse_model(stdout: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+    """Pull define-fun entries from a (get-model) response."""
+    model = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r"\(define-fun\s+(\S+)\s+\(\)\s+\S+\s+(.+?)\)", stdout):
+        model[m.group(1)] = m.group(2).strip()
+    return model if model else None
+
+
+def parse_stats(stdout: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+    """Parse :key value pairs from z3 -st output."""
+    stats = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r":(\S+)\s+([\d.]+)", stdout):
+        key, val = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+        stats[key] = float(val) if "." in val else int(val)
+    return stats if stats else None
+
+
+def parse_unsat_core(stdout: str) -> Optional[list]:
+    for line in stdout.strip().split("\n"):
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line.startswith("(") and not line.startswith("(error"):
+            labels = line.strip("()").split()
+            if labels:
+                return labels
+    return None
+
+
+def cli():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Z3 Agent database CLI",
+        prog="z3db",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None, help="path to z3agent.db")
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true", help="verbose output")
+
+    sub = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command")
+
+    sub.add_parser("init", help="initialize the database")
+
+    sub.add_parser("status", help="show run summary")
+
+    log_p = sub.add_parser("log", help="show interaction log")
+    log_p.add_argument("--run-id", type=int, help="filter by run ID")
+    log_p.add_argument("--last", type=int, default=50)
+
+    runs_p = sub.add_parser("runs", help="list runs")
+    runs_p.add_argument("--skill", help="filter by skill name")
+    runs_p.add_argument("--last", type=int, default=10)
+
+    query_p = sub.add_parser("query", help="run raw SQL")
+    query_p.add_argument("sql", help="SQL query string")
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+
+    if args.command == "init":
+        print(f"Database initialized at {db.db_path}")
+
+    elif args.command == "status":
+        s = db.get_status()
+        print(
+            f"Runs: {s['total']}"
+            f" | success: {s.get('success', 0)}"
+            f" | error: {s.get('error', 0)}"
+            f" | timeout: {s.get('timeout', 0)}"
+            f" | Last: {s['last_run'] or 'never'}"
+        )
+
+    elif args.command == "log":
+        for row in db.get_logs(args.run_id, args.last):
+            print(
+                f"[{row['level']}] {row['timestamp']} "
+                f"(run {row['run_id']}): {row['message']}"
+            )
+
+    elif args.command == "runs":
+        for row in db.get_runs(args.skill, args.last):
+            print(
+                f"#{row['run_id']} {row['skill']} {row['status']} "
+                f"{row['duration_ms']}ms @ {row['timestamp']}"
+            )
+
+    elif args.command == "query":
+        for row in db.query(args.sql):
+            print(dict(row))
+
+    else:
+        parser.print_help()
+
+    db.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()
diff --git a/.github/skills/simplify/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/simplify/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bab3ad5b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/simplify/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+---
+name: simplify
+description: Reduce formula complexity using Z3 tactic chains. Supports configurable tactic pipelines for boolean, arithmetic, and bitvector simplification.
+---
+
+Given a formula, apply a sequence of Z3 tactics to produce an equivalent but simpler form. This is useful for understanding what Z3 sees after preprocessing, debugging tactic selection, and reducing formula size before solving.
+
+# Step 1: Choose tactics
+
+Action:
+    Select a tactic chain from the available Z3 tactics based on the
+    formula's theory.
+
+Expectation:
+    A comma-separated list of tactic names suitable for the formula domain.
+
+Result:
+    If unsure, use the default chain: `simplify,propagate-values,ctx-simplify`.
+    For bitvector formulas, add `bit-blast`. Proceed to Step 2.
+
+| Tactic | What it does |
+|--------|-------------|
+| simplify | constant folding, algebraic identities |
+| propagate-values | substitute known equalities |
+| ctx-simplify | context-dependent simplification |
+| elim-uncnstr | remove unconstrained variables |
+| solve-eqs | Gaussian elimination |
+| bit-blast | reduce bitvectors to booleans |
+| tseitin-cnf | convert to CNF |
+| aig | and-inverter graph reduction |
+
+# Step 2: Run simplification
+
+Action:
+    Invoke simplify.py with the formula and optional tactic chain.
+
+Expectation:
+    The script applies each tactic in sequence and prints the simplified
+    formula. A run entry is logged to z3agent.db.
+
+Result:
+    If the output is simpler, pass it to **solve** or **prove**.
+    If unchanged, try a different tactic chain.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/simplify.py --formula "(assert (and (> x 0) (> x 0)))" --vars "x:Int"
+python3 scripts/simplify.py --file formula.smt2 --tactics "simplify,propagate-values,ctx-simplify"
+python3 scripts/simplify.py --file formula.smt2 --debug
+```
+
+Without `--tactics`, the script applies the default chain: `simplify`, `propagate-values`, `ctx-simplify`.
+
+# Step 3: Interpret the output
+
+Action:
+    Read the simplified formula output in SMT-LIB2 syntax.
+
+Expectation:
+    One or more `(assert ...)` blocks representing equivalent subgoals.
+
+Result:
+    A smaller formula indicates successful reduction. Pass the result to
+    **solve**, **prove**, or **optimize** as needed.
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| formula | string | no | | SMT-LIB2 formula to simplify |
+| vars | string | no | | variable declarations as "name:sort" pairs |
+| file | path | no | | path to .smt2 file |
+| tactics | string | no | simplify,propagate-values,ctx-simplify | comma-separated tactic names |
+| timeout | int | no | 30 | seconds |
+| z3 | path | no | auto | path to z3 binary |
+| debug | flag | no | off | verbose tracing |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | logging database |
diff --git a/.github/skills/simplify/scripts/simplify.py b/.github/skills/simplify/scripts/simplify.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6621e9095a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/simplify/scripts/simplify.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+simplify.py: apply Z3 tactics to simplify an SMT-LIB2 formula.
+
+Usage:
+    python simplify.py --formula "(assert (and (> x 0) (> x 0)))" --vars "x:Int"
+    python simplify.py --file formula.smt2 --tactics "simplify,solve-eqs"
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, run_z3, setup_logging
+
+DEFAULT_TACTICS = "simplify,propagate-values,ctx-simplify"
+
+
+def build_tactic_formula(base_formula: str, tactics: str) -> str:
+    tactic_list = [t.strip() for t in tactics.split(",")]
+    if len(tactic_list) == 1:
+        tactic_expr = f"(then {tactic_list[0]} skip)"
+    else:
+        tactic_expr = "(then " + " ".join(tactic_list) + ")"
+    return base_formula + f"\n(apply {tactic_expr})\n"
+
+
+def build_formula_from_parts(formula_str: str, vars_str: str) -> str:
+    lines = []
+    if vars_str:
+        for v in vars_str.split(","):
+            v = v.strip()
+            name, sort = v.split(":")
+            lines.append(f"(declare-const {name.strip()} {sort.strip()})")
+    lines.append(formula_str)
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="simplify")
+    parser.add_argument("--formula")
+    parser.add_argument("--vars")
+    parser.add_argument("--file")
+    parser.add_argument("--tactics", default=DEFAULT_TACTICS)
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=30)
+    parser.add_argument("--z3", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    if args.file:
+        base = Path(args.file).read_text()
+    elif args.formula:
+        base = build_formula_from_parts(args.formula, args.vars or "")
+    else:
+        parser.error("provide --formula or --file")
+        return
+
+    formula = build_tactic_formula(base, args.tactics)
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+    run_id = db.start_run("simplify", formula)
+
+    result = run_z3(formula, z3_bin=args.z3, timeout=args.timeout, debug=args.debug)
+
+    status = "success" if result["exit_code"] == 0 else "error"
+    db.log_formula(run_id, formula, status)
+    db.finish_run(run_id, status, result["duration_ms"], result["exit_code"])
+
+    print(result["stdout"])
+    if result["stderr"] and result["exit_code"] != 0:
+        print(result["stderr"], file=sys.stderr)
+
+    db.close()
+    sys.exit(0 if result["exit_code"] == 0 else 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/solve/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/solve/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81293fc355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/solve/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+name: solve
+description: Check satisfiability of SMT-LIB2 formulas using Z3. Returns sat/unsat with models or unsat cores. Logs every invocation to z3agent.db for auditability.
+---
+
+Given an SMT-LIB2 formula (or a set of constraints described in natural language), determine whether the formula is satisfiable. If sat, extract a satisfying assignment. If unsat and tracking labels are present, extract the unsat core.
+
+# Step 1: Prepare the formula
+
+Action:
+    Convert the input to valid SMT-LIB2. If the input is natural language,
+    use the **encode** skill first.
+
+Expectation:
+    A syntactically valid SMT-LIB2 formula ending with `(check-sat)` and
+    either `(get-model)` or `(get-unsat-core)` as appropriate.
+
+Result:
+    If valid SMT-LIB2 is ready, proceed to Step 2.
+    If encoding is needed, run **encode** first and return here.
+
+# Step 2: Run Z3
+
+Action:
+    Invoke solve.py with the formula string or file path.
+
+Expectation:
+    The script pipes the formula to `z3 -in`, logs the run to
+    `.z3-agent/z3agent.db`, and prints the result.
+
+Result:
+    Output is one of `sat`, `unsat`, `unknown`, or `timeout`.
+    Proceed to Step 3 to interpret.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/solve.py --formula "(declare-const x Int)(assert (> x 0))(check-sat)(get-model)"
+```
+
+For file input:
+```bash
+python3 scripts/solve.py --file problem.smt2
+```
+
+With debug tracing:
+```bash
+python3 scripts/solve.py --file problem.smt2 --debug
+```
+
+# Step 3: Interpret the output
+
+Action:
+    Parse the Z3 output to determine satisfiability and extract any model
+    or unsat core.
+
+Expectation:
+    `sat` with a model, `unsat` optionally with a core, `unknown`, or
+    `timeout`.
+
+Result:
+    On `sat`: report the model to the user.
+    On `unsat`: report the core if available.
+    On `unknown`/`timeout`: try **simplify** or increase the timeout.
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| formula | string | no | | SMT-LIB2 formula as a string |
+| file | path | no | | path to an .smt2 file |
+| timeout | int | no | 30 | seconds before killing z3 |
+| z3 | path | no | auto | explicit path to z3 binary |
+| debug | flag | no | off | print z3 command, stdin, stdout, stderr, timing |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | path to the logging database |
+
+Either `formula` or `file` must be provided.
diff --git a/.github/skills/solve/scripts/solve.py b/.github/skills/solve/scripts/solve.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd06746952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/solve/scripts/solve.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+solve.py: check satisfiability of an SMT-LIB2 formula via Z3.
+
+Usage:
+    python solve.py --formula "(declare-const x Int)(assert (> x 0))(check-sat)(get-model)"
+    python solve.py --file problem.smt2
+    python solve.py --file problem.smt2 --debug --timeout 60
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, run_z3, parse_model, parse_unsat_core, setup_logging
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="solve")
+    parser.add_argument("--formula", help="SMT-LIB2 formula string")
+    parser.add_argument("--file", help="path to .smt2 file")
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=30)
+    parser.add_argument("--z3", default=None, help="path to z3 binary")
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    if args.file:
+        formula = Path(args.file).read_text()
+    elif args.formula:
+        formula = args.formula
+    else:
+        parser.error("provide --formula or --file")
+        return
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+    run_id = db.start_run("solve", formula)
+
+    result = run_z3(formula, z3_bin=args.z3, timeout=args.timeout, debug=args.debug)
+
+    model = parse_model(result["stdout"]) if result["result"] == "sat" else None
+    core = parse_unsat_core(result["stdout"]) if result["result"] == "unsat" else None
+
+    db.log_formula(run_id, formula, result["result"], str(model) if model else None)
+    db.finish_run(run_id, result["result"], result["duration_ms"], result["exit_code"])
+
+    print(result["result"])
+    if model:
+        for name, val in model.items():
+            print(f"  {name} = {val}")
+    if core:
+        print("unsat core:", " ".join(core))
+    if result["stderr"] and result["result"] == "error":
+        print(result["stderr"], file=sys.stderr)
+
+    db.close()
+    sys.exit(0 if result["exit_code"] == 0 else 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/skills/static-analysis/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/static-analysis/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fd9018dac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/static-analysis/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+---
+name: static-analysis
+description: Run Clang Static Analyzer (scan-build) on Z3 source and log structured findings to z3agent.db.
+---
+
+Run the Clang Static Analyzer over a CMake build of Z3, parse the resulting plist diagnostics, and record each finding with file, line, category, and description. This skill wraps scan-build into a reproducible, logged workflow suitable for regular analysis sweeps and regression tracking.
+
+# Step 1: Run the analysis
+
+Action:
+    Invoke the script pointing at the CMake build directory. The script
+    runs `scan-build cmake ..` followed by `scan-build make` and writes
+    checker output to the output directory.
+
+Expectation:
+    scan-build completes within the timeout, producing plist diagnostic
+    files in the output directory (defaults to a `scan-results` subdirectory
+    of the build directory).
+
+Result:
+    On success: diagnostics are parsed and findings are printed. Proceed to
+    Step 2.
+    On failure: verify that clang and scan-build are installed and that the
+    build directory contains a valid CMake configuration.
+
+```bash
+python3 scripts/static_analysis.py --build-dir build
+python3 scripts/static_analysis.py --build-dir build --output-dir /tmp/sa-results --debug
+python3 scripts/static_analysis.py --build-dir build --timeout 1800
+```
+
+# Step 2: Interpret the output
+
+Action:
+    Review the printed findings and the summary table grouped by category.
+
+Expectation:
+    Each finding shows its source location, category, and description.
+    The summary table ranks categories by frequency for quick triage.
+
+Result:
+    On zero findings: the codebase passes all enabled static checks.
+    On findings: prioritize by category frequency and severity. Address
+    null dereferences and use-after-free classes first.
+
+Example output:
+
+```
+[Dead store] src/ast/ast.cpp:142: Value stored to 'result' is never read
+[Null dereference] src/smt/theory_lra.cpp:87: Access to field 'next' results in a dereference of a null pointer
+```
+
+# Step 3: Review historical findings
+
+Action:
+    Query z3agent.db to compare current results against prior analysis
+    runs.
+
+Expectation:
+    Queries return category counts and run history, enabling regression
+    detection across commits.
+
+Result:
+    On stable or decreasing counts: no regressions introduced.
+    On increased counts: cross-reference new findings with recent commits
+    to identify the responsible change.
+
+```bash
+python3 ../../shared/z3db.py query "SELECT category, COUNT(*) as cnt FROM findings WHERE run_id IN (SELECT run_id FROM runs WHERE skill='static-analysis') GROUP BY category ORDER BY cnt DESC"
+python3 ../../shared/z3db.py runs --skill static-analysis --last 10
+```
+
+# Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+|-----------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
+| build-dir | path | yes | | path to the CMake build directory |
+| output-dir | path | no | BUILD/scan-results | directory for scan-build output |
+| timeout | int | no | 1200 | seconds allowed for the full build |
+| db | path | no | .z3-agent/z3agent.db | logging database |
+| debug | flag | no | off | verbose tracing |
diff --git a/.github/skills/static-analysis/scripts/static_analysis.py b/.github/skills/static-analysis/scripts/static_analysis.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f93e43692d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/skills/static-analysis/scripts/static_analysis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+static_analysis.py: run Clang Static Analyzer on Z3 source.
+
+Usage:
+    python static_analysis.py --build-dir build
+    python static_analysis.py --build-dir build --output-dir /tmp/sa-results
+    python static_analysis.py --build-dir build --debug
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import logging
+import os
+import plistlib
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+from collections import Counter
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "shared"))
+from z3db import Z3DB, setup_logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("z3agent")
+
+SCAN_BUILD_NAMES = ["scan-build", "scan-build-14", "scan-build-15", "scan-build-16"]
+
+
+def find_scan_build() -> str:
+    """Locate the scan-build binary on PATH."""
+    for name in SCAN_BUILD_NAMES:
+        path = shutil.which(name)
+        if path:
+            logger.debug("found scan-build: %s", path)
+            return path
+    print(
+        "scan-build not found on PATH.\n"
+        "Install one of the following:\n"
+        "  Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt install clang-tools\n"
+        "  macOS:         brew install llvm\n"
+        "  Fedora:        sudo dnf install clang-tools-extra\n"
+        f"searched for: {', '.join(SCAN_BUILD_NAMES)}",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def run_configure(scan_build: str, build_dir: Path, output_dir: Path,
+                  timeout: int) -> bool:
+    """Run scan-build cmake to configure the project."""
+    repo_root = build_dir.parent
+    cmd = [
+        scan_build,
+        "-o", str(output_dir),
+        "cmake",
+        str(repo_root),
+    ]
+    logger.info("configuring: %s", " ".join(cmd))
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            cmd, cwd=str(build_dir),
+            capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout,
+        )
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        logger.error("cmake configuration timed out after %ds", timeout)
+        return False
+
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        logger.error("cmake configuration failed (exit %d)", proc.returncode)
+        logger.error("stderr: %s", proc.stderr[:2000])
+        return False
+
+    logger.info("configuration complete")
+    return True
+
+
+def run_build(scan_build: str, build_dir: Path, output_dir: Path,
+              timeout: int) -> bool:
+    """Run scan-build make to build and analyze."""
+    nproc = os.cpu_count() or 4
+    cmd = [
+        scan_build,
+        "-o", str(output_dir),
+        "--status-bugs",
+        "make",
+        f"-j{nproc}",
+    ]
+    logger.info("building with analysis: %s", " ".join(cmd))
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            cmd, cwd=str(build_dir),
+            capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout,
+        )
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        logger.error("build timed out after %ds", timeout)
+        return False
+
+    # scan-build returns nonzero when bugs are found (due to --status-bugs),
+    # so a nonzero exit code is not necessarily a build failure.
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        logger.info(
+            "scan-build exited with code %d (nonzero may indicate findings)",
+            proc.returncode,
+        )
+    else:
+        logger.info("build complete, no bugs reported by scan-build")
+
+    if proc.stderr:
+        logger.debug("build stderr (last 2000 chars): %s", proc.stderr[-2000:])
+    return True
+
+
+def collect_plist_files(output_dir: Path) -> list:
+    """Recursively find all .plist diagnostic files under the output directory."""
+    plists = sorted(output_dir.rglob("*.plist"))
+    logger.debug("found %d plist files in %s", len(plists), output_dir)
+    return plists
+
+
+def parse_plist_findings(plist_path: Path) -> list:
+    """Extract findings from a single Clang plist diagnostic file.
+
+    Returns a list of dicts with keys: file, line, col, category, type, description.
+    """
+    findings = []
+    try:
+        with open(plist_path, "rb") as f:
+            data = plistlib.load(f)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        logger.warning("could not parse %s: %s", plist_path, exc)
+        return findings
+
+    source_files = data.get("files", [])
+    for diag in data.get("diagnostics", []):
+        location = diag.get("location", {})
+        file_idx = location.get("file", 0)
+        source_file = source_files[file_idx] if file_idx < len(source_files) else "<unknown>"
+        findings.append({
+            "file": source_file,
+            "line": location.get("line", 0),
+            "col": location.get("col", 0),
+            "category": diag.get("category", "uncategorized"),
+            "type": diag.get("type", ""),
+            "description": diag.get("description", ""),
+        })
+    return findings
+
+
+def collect_all_findings(output_dir: Path) -> list:
+    """Parse every plist file under output_dir and return merged findings."""
+    all_findings = []
+    for plist_path in collect_plist_files(output_dir):
+        all_findings.extend(parse_plist_findings(plist_path))
+    return all_findings
+
+
+def log_findings(db, run_id: int, findings: list):
+    """Persist each finding to z3agent.db."""
+    for f in findings:
+        db.log_finding(
+            run_id,
+            category=f["category"],
+            message=f["description"],
+            severity=f.get("type"),
+            file=f["file"],
+            line=f["line"],
+            details={"col": f["col"], "type": f["type"]},
+        )
+
+
+def print_findings(findings: list):
+    """Print individual findings and a category summary."""
+    if not findings:
+        print("No findings reported.")
+        return
+
+    for f in findings:
+        label = f["type"] or f["category"]
+        print(f"[{label}] {f['file']}:{f['line']}: {f['description']}")
+
+    print()
+    counts = Counter(f["category"] for f in findings)
+    print(f"Total findings: {len(findings)}")
+    print("By category:")
+    for cat, cnt in counts.most_common():
+        print(f"  {cat}: {cnt}")
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="static_analysis",
+        description="Run Clang Static Analyzer on Z3 and log findings.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--build-dir", required=True,
+        help="path to the CMake build directory",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--output-dir", default=None,
+        help="directory for scan-build results (default: BUILD/scan-results)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--timeout", type=int, default=1200,
+        help="seconds allowed for the full analysis build",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--db", default=None, help="path to z3agent.db")
+    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true", help="verbose tracing")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    setup_logging(args.debug)
+
+    scan_build = find_scan_build()
+
+    build_dir = Path(args.build_dir).resolve()
+    build_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    output_dir = Path(args.output_dir) if args.output_dir else build_dir / "scan-results"
+    output_dir = output_dir.resolve()
+    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    db = Z3DB(args.db)
+    run_id = db.start_run("static-analysis", f"build_dir={build_dir}")
+    start = time.monotonic()
+
+    if not run_configure(scan_build, build_dir, output_dir, timeout=args.timeout):
+        elapsed = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+        db.finish_run(run_id, "error", elapsed, exit_code=1)
+        db.close()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if not run_build(scan_build, build_dir, output_dir, timeout=args.timeout):
+        elapsed = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+        db.finish_run(run_id, "error", elapsed, exit_code=1)
+        db.close()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    elapsed = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+
+    findings = collect_all_findings(output_dir)
+    log_findings(db, run_id, findings)
+
+    status = "clean" if len(findings) == 0 else "findings"
+    db.finish_run(run_id, status, elapsed, exit_code=0)
+
+    db.log(
+        f"static analysis complete: {len(findings)} finding(s) in {elapsed}ms",
+        run_id=run_id,
+    )
+
+    print_findings(findings)
+
+    db.close()
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.github/workflows/Windows.yml b/.github/workflows/Windows.yml
index 9441f99301..bf346b00a9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/Windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/Windows.yml
@@ -28,18 +28,19 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       - name: Add msbuild to PATH
-        uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
+        uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v3
       - run: |
           md build
           cd build
           ${{ matrix.cmd1 }}
           ${{ matrix.cmd2 }}
           ${{ matrix.cmd3 }}
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.arch }}
-          cmake ${{ matrix.bindings }} -G "NMake Makefiles" ../
-          nmake    
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.arch }} || exit /b 1
+          cmake ${{ matrix.bindings }} -G "NMake Makefiles" ../ || exit /b 1
+          nmake || exit /b 1
           cd ..
         shell: cmd
       - name: Run Regressions
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.test }}
         run: |
            pushd build
-           call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.arch }}
+           for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+           call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.arch }} || exit /b 1
            pushd build\python
            python z3test.py z3
            python z3test.py z3num
diff --git a/.github/workflows/a3-python-v2.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/a3-python-v2.lock.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index de6928e90d..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/a3-python-v2.lock.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1066 +0,0 @@
-#
-#    ___                   _   _      
-#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
-#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
-#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
-#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
-#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
-#          __/ |
-#  _    _ |___/ 
-# | |  | |                / _| |
-# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
-# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
-# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
-#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
-#
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.45.3). DO NOT EDIT.
-#
-# To update this file, edit z3prover/z3/a3/a3-python-v2.md@a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec and run:
-#   gh aw compile
-# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
-#
-# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
-#
-# Analyzes Python code using a3-python tool to identify bugs and issues
-#
-# Source: z3prover/z3/a3/a3-python-v2.md@a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec
-#
-# frontmatter-hash: 5c08cbd76fa7bc5348b225b554f64b9f461c79d3470ccc1af610550e9fd6bf84
-
-name: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-"on":
-  schedule:
-  - cron: "0 0 * * 0"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions: {}
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
-
-run-name: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-
-jobs:
-  activation:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    outputs:
-      comment_id: ""
-      comment_repo: ""
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: |
-            .github
-            .agents
-          fetch-depth: 1
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "a3-python-v2.lock.yml"
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Temporary IDs: Some safe output tools support a temporary ID field (usually named temporary_id) so you can reference newly-created items elsewhere in the SAME agent output (for example, using #aw_abc1 in a later body). 
-          
-          **IMPORTANT - temporary_id format rules:**
-          - If you DON'T need to reference the item later, OMIT the temporary_id field entirely (it will be auto-generated if needed)
-          - If you DO need cross-references/chaining, you MUST match this EXACT validation regex: /^aw_[A-Za-z0-9]{3,8}$/i
-          - Format: aw_ prefix followed by 3 to 8 alphanumeric characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, case-insensitive)
-          - Valid alphanumeric characters: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789
-          - INVALID examples: aw_ab (too short), aw_123456789 (too long), aw_test-id (contains hyphen), aw_id_123 (contains underscore)
-          - VALID examples: aw_abc, aw_abc1, aw_Test123, aw_A1B2C3D4, aw_12345678
-          - To generate valid IDs: use 3-8 random alphanumeric characters or omit the field to let the system auto-generate
-          
-          Do NOT invent other aw_* formats — downstream steps will reject them with validation errors matching against /^aw_[A-Za-z0-9]{3,8}$/i.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/a3-python-v2.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Upload prompt artifact
-        if: success()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: prompt
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          retention-days: 1
-
-  agent:
-    needs: activation
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      issues: read
-      pull-requests: read
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    env:
-      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
-      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: a3pythonv2
-    outputs:
-      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
-      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
-      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
-      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
-      - name: Checkout Python source files
-        run: |-
-          git sparse-checkout init --cone
-          git sparse-checkout set src
-          echo "Source files checked out for Python analysis"
-
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Checkout PR branch
-        id: checkout-pr
-        if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.410",
-              cli_version: "v0.45.3",
-              workflow_name: "A3 Python Code Analysis",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults","python"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.19.1",
-              awmg_version: "v0.1.4",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.410
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.19.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
-            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
-      - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.19.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.19.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_issue":{"max":1},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
-            {
-              "description": "Create a new GitHub issue for tracking bugs, feature requests, or tasks. Use this for actionable work items that need assignment, labeling, and status tracking. For reports, announcements, or status updates that don't require task tracking, use create_discussion instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[a3-python] \". Labels [bug automated-analysis a3-python] will be automatically added.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "body": {
-                    "description": "Detailed issue description in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the issue's h1. Include context, reproduction steps, or acceptance criteria as appropriate.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "labels": {
-                    "description": "Labels to categorize the issue (e.g., 'bug', 'enhancement'). Labels must exist in the repository.",
-                    "items": {
-                      "type": "string"
-                    },
-                    "type": "array"
-                  },
-                  "parent": {
-                    "description": "Parent issue number for creating sub-issues. This is the numeric ID from the GitHub URL (e.g., 42 in github.com/owner/repo/issues/42). Can also be a temporary_id (e.g., 'aw_abc123', 'aw_Test123') from a previously created issue in the same workflow run.",
-                    "type": [
-                      "number",
-                      "string"
-                    ]
-                  },
-                  "temporary_id": {
-                    "description": "Unique temporary identifier for referencing this issue before it's created. Format: 'aw_' followed by 3 to 8 alphanumeric characters (e.g., 'aw_abc1', 'aw_Test123'). Use '#aw_ID' in body text to reference other issues by their temporary_id; these are replaced with actual issue numbers after creation.",
-                    "pattern": "^aw_[A-Za-z0-9]{3,8}$",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise issue title summarizing the bug, feature, or task. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "create_issue"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_issue": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "labels": {
-                  "type": "array",
-                  "itemType": "string",
-                  "itemSanitize": true,
-                  "itemMaxLength": 128
-                },
-                "parent": {
-                  "issueOrPRNumber": true
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "temporary_id": {
-                  "type": "string"
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP Gateway
-        id: start-mcp-gateway
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
-          
-          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
-          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
-          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
-          export DEBUG="*"
-          
-          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
-          
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
-          {
-            "mcpServers": {
-              "github": {
-                "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
-                "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
-                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
-                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
-                }
-              },
-              "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "gateway": {
-              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
-              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
-              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
-              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
-            }
-          }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Download prompt artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
-        with:
-          name: prompt
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
-      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
-        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        timeout-minutes: 45
-        run: |
-          set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains '*.pythonhosted.org,anaconda.org,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,binstar.org,bootstrap.pypa.io,conda.anaconda.org,conda.binstar.org,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,files.pythonhosted.org,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,pip.pypa.io,ppa.launchpad.net,pypi.org,pypi.python.org,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,repo.anaconda.com,repo.continuum.io,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com' --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.19.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- /bin/bash -c '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
-        env:
-          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
-          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
-          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
-          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
-      - name: Redact secrets in logs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
-            await main();
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
-          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Ingest agent output
-        id: collect_output
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.pythonhosted.org,anaconda.org,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,binstar.org,bootstrap.pypa.io,conda.anaconda.org,conda.binstar.org,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,files.pythonhosted.org,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,pip.pypa.io,ppa.launchpad.net,pypi.org,pypi.python.org,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,repo.anaconda.com,repo.continuum.io,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
-          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Print firewall logs
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
-        run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
-          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
-          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
-            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          else
-            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
-          fi
-      - name: Upload agent artifacts
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
-            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
-            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-
-  conclusion:
-    needs:
-      - activation
-      - agent
-      - detection
-      - safe_outputs
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      issues: write
-    outputs:
-      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
-      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
-        id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "z3prover/z3/a3/a3-python-v2.md@a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/z3prover/z3/tree/a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec/a3/a3-python-v2.md"
-          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
-        id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "z3prover/z3/a3/a3-python-v2.md@a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/z3prover/z3/tree/a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec/a3/a3-python-v2.md"
-          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "z3prover/z3/a3/a3-python-v2.md@a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/z3prover/z3/tree/a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec/a3/a3-python-v2.md"
-          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "a3-python-v2"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
-          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "z3prover/z3/a3/a3-python-v2.md@a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/z3prover/z3/tree/a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec/a3/a3-python-v2.md"
-          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
-        env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
-        run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
-      - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Analyzes Python code using a3-python tool to identify bugs and issues"
-          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
-          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.410
-      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
-        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
-        timeout-minutes: 20
-        run: |
-          set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-        env:
-          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
-          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-
-  safe_outputs:
-    needs:
-      - agent
-      - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      issues: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
-    env:
-      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
-      GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "a3-python-v2"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "z3prover/z3/a3/a3-python-v2.md@a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/z3prover/z3/tree/a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec/a3/a3-python-v2.md"
-    outputs:
-      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
-      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
-      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
-      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process Safe Outputs
-        id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"bug\",\"automated-analysis\",\"a3-python\"],\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[a3-python] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
-            await main();
-
diff --git a/.github/workflows/a3-python-v2.md b/.github/workflows/a3-python-v2.md
deleted file mode 100644
index acc58e6f0d..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/a3-python-v2.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,568 +0,0 @@
----
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * 0"  # Weekly on Sundays at midnight UTC
-  workflow_dispatch:  # Allow manual trigger
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  issues: read
-  pull-requests: read
-network:
-  allowed: [defaults, python]
-safe-outputs:
-  create-issue:
-    labels:
-      - bug
-      - automated-analysis
-      - a3-python
-    title-prefix: "[a3-python] "
-description: Analyzes Python code using a3-python tool to identify bugs and issues
-name: A3 Python Code Analysis
-strict: true
-timeout-minutes: 45
-tracker-id: a3-python-analysis
-steps:
-  - name: Checkout Python source files
-    run: |
-      git sparse-checkout init --cone
-      git sparse-checkout set src
-      echo "Source files checked out for Python analysis"
-source: z3prover/z3/a3/a3-python-v2.md@a91c5c58bd975f336bf5b744885ffd4b36b2d2ec
----
-
-# A3 Python Code Analysis Agent
-
-You are an expert Python code analyst using the a3-python tool to identify bugs and code quality issues. Your mission is to analyze the Python codebase, identify true positives from the analysis output, and create GitHub issues when multiple likely issues are found.
-
-## Current Context
-
-- **Repository**: ${{ github.repository }}
-- **Workspace**: ${{ github.workspace }}
-
-## Phase 1: Install and Setup a3-python
-
-### 1.1 Install a3-python
-
-Install the a3-python tool from PyPI:
-
-```bash
-pip install a3-python
-```
-
-Verify installation:
-
-```bash
-a3 --version || python -m a3 --version || echo "a3 command not found in PATH"
-```
-
-### 1.2 Check Available Commands
-
-```bash
-a3 --help || python -m a3 --help
-```
-
-## Phase 2: Run Analysis on Python Source Files
-
-### 2.1 Identify Python Files
-
-Find and verify Python source files in the repository:
-
-```bash
-# Check common source directories 
-find ${{ github.workspace }} -name "*.py" -type f | grep -E "(src/|lib/|app/|project/)" | head -20
-
-# List all Python files in the repository
-find ${{ github.workspace }} -name "*.py" -type f | head -30
-```
-
-### 2.2 Run a3-python Analysis
-
-Run the a3 scan command on the repository to analyze all Python files:
-
-```bash
-cd ${{ github.workspace }}
-
-# Ensure PATH includes a3 command
-export PATH="$PATH:/home/runner/.local/bin"
-
-# Run a3 scan on the repository
-if command -v a3 &> /dev/null; then
-    # Run with multiple options for comprehensive analysis
-    a3 scan . --verbose --dse-verify --deduplicate --consolidate-variants > a3-python-output.txt 2>&1 || \
-    a3 scan . --verbose --functions --dse-verify > a3-python-output.txt 2>&1 || \
-    a3 scan . --verbose > a3-python-output.txt 2>&1 || \
-    echo "a3 scan command failed with all variations" > a3-python-output.txt
-elif python -m a3 --help &> /dev/null; then
-    python -m a3 scan . > a3-python-output.txt 2>&1 || \
-    echo "python -m a3 scan command failed" > a3-python-output.txt
-else
-    echo "ERROR: a3-python tool not available" > a3-python-output.txt
-fi
-
-# Verify output was generated
-ls -lh a3-python-output.txt
-cat a3-python-output.txt
-```
-
-**Important**: The a3-python tool will analyze all Python files found in the repository, focusing on source code directories.
-
-## Phase 3: Post-Process and Analyze Results
-
-### 3.1 Review the Output
-
-Read and analyze the contents of `a3-python-output.txt`:
-
-```bash
-cat a3-python-output.txt
-```
-
-### 3.2 Classify Findings
-
-For each issue reported in the output, determine:
-
-1. **True Positives (Likely Issues)**: Real bugs or code quality problems that should be addressed
-   - Logic errors or bugs
-   - Security vulnerabilities
-   - Performance issues
-   - Code quality problems
-   - Broken imports or dependencies
-   - Type mismatches or incorrect usage
-
-2. **False Positives**: Findings that are not real issues
-   - Style preferences without functional impact
-   - Intentional design decisions
-   - Test-related code patterns
-   - Generated code or third-party code
-   - Overly strict warnings without merit
-   - **Assertion violations at the beginning of functions** (these are pre-conditions and intentional design)
-   - Parameter validation checks in function entry points
-
-### 3.3 Extract Source Code Context
-
-For each true positive finding, extract the relevant source code context to make the report more readable:
-
-```bash
-# Function to extract source code context around a specific line
-extract_code_context() {
-    local file="$1"
-    local line_num="$2"
-    local context_lines="${3:-5}"  # Default to 5 lines before/after
-    
-    if [[ -f "$file" ]]; then
-        echo "```python"
-        # Show line numbers and context
-        sed -n "$((line_num - context_lines)),$((line_num + context_lines))p" "$file" | \
-        awk -v start=$((line_num - context_lines)) -v target=$line_num '{
-            line_number = NR + start - 1
-            if (line_number == target) {
-                printf "%4d:❌ %s\n", line_number, $0
-            } else {
-                printf "%4d:   %s\n", line_number, $0
-            }
-        }'
-        echo "```"
-    else
-        echo "File not found: $file"
-    fi
-}
-
-# Export the function for use in subshells
-export -f extract_code_context
-```
-
-For each true positive, collect the source code context:
-
-```bash
-# Example usage for each finding:
-# extract_code_context "path/to/file.py" "line_number" 5
-
-# Store contexts in a temporary file for later use in the issue
-echo "# Source Code Contexts" > source_contexts.md
-echo "" >> source_contexts.md
-
-# For each true positive finding, extract context and append to file
-# Example workflow:
-for finding in "${true_positives[@]}"; do
-    file=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'File: [^,]*' | cut -d' ' -f2)
-    line=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'Line: [0-9]*' | cut -d' ' -f2)
-    
-    if [[ -n "$file" && -n "$line" ]]; then
-        echo "## Finding in $file at line $line" >> source_contexts.md
-        extract_code_context "$file" "$line" 5 >> source_contexts.md
-        echo "" >> source_contexts.md
-    fi
-done
-```
-
-### 3.5 Enhanced Analysis Workflow
-
-Create an enhanced analysis workflow that automatically extracts source code context. **IMPORTANT**: Limit detailed examples to top 5 high-severity findings only.
-
-```bash
-# Parse a3-python output and extract file/line information
-parse_findings() {
-    local output_file="$1"
-    
-    # Create arrays to store findings
-    declare -a high_severity=()
-    declare -a medium_severity=()
-    declare -a false_positives=()
-    
-    # Parse the output file and extract findings with file/line info
-    # This is a template - adjust parsing based on actual a3-python output format
-    while IFS= read -r line; do
-        if [[ "$line" =~ ^.*\.py:[0-9]+:.* ]]; then
-            # Extract file and line number from the finding
-            file=$(echo "$line" | grep -oP '[\w/.-]+\.py')
-            line_num=$(echo "$line" | grep -oP '\.py:\K[0-9]+')
-            description=$(echo "$line" | cut -d':' -f3-)
-            
-            echo "Found potential issue: $file:$line_num - $description"
-            
-            # Classify by severity and type
-            # High severity: NULL_PTR, DIV_ZERO
-            # Medium severity: BOUNDS, ASSERT_FAIL (except pre-condition assertions)
-            # False positives: Assertion violations at function start (pre-conditions)
-            
-            if [[ "$description" =~ ASSERT_FAIL ]] && [[ $line_num -lt 10 ]]; then
-                # Likely a pre-condition assertion at start of function
-                false_positives+=("File: $file, Line: $line_num, Description: $description")
-            elif [[ "$description" =~ (NULL_PTR|DIV_ZERO) ]]; then
-                high_severity+=("File: $file, Line: $line_num, Description: $description")
-            else
-                medium_severity+=("File: $file, Line: $line_num, Description: $description")
-            fi
-        fi
-    done < "$output_file"
-    
-    # Generate enhanced report with TOP 5 HIGH-SEVERITY findings only in detail
-    echo "# Enhanced Analysis Report" > enhanced_report.md
-    echo "" >> enhanced_report.md
-    echo "## Sample High-Severity Findings (Top 5)" >> enhanced_report.md
-    echo "" >> enhanced_report.md
-    
-    local counter=1
-    local max_samples=5
-    for finding in "${high_severity[@]}"; do
-        if [ $counter -gt $max_samples ]; then
-            break
-        fi
-        
-        file=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'File: [^,]*' | cut -d' ' -f2)
-        line_num=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'Line: [^,]*' | cut -d' ' -f2)
-        desc=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'Description: .*' | cut -d' ' -f2-)
-        
-        echo "### $counter. $desc" >> enhanced_report.md
-        echo "**Location**: \`$file:$line_num\`" >> enhanced_report.md
-        echo "" >> enhanced_report.md
-        
-        if [[ -f "$file" ]]; then
-            extract_code_context "$file" "$line_num" 5 >> enhanced_report.md
-        else
-            echo "```" >> enhanced_report.md
-            echo "File not found: $file" >> enhanced_report.md
-            echo "```" >> enhanced_report.md
-        fi
-        
-        echo "" >> enhanced_report.md
-        ((counter++))
-    done
-    
-    # Add summary statistics
-    echo "## Summary Statistics" >> enhanced_report.md
-    echo "- High Severity: ${#high_severity[@]}" >> enhanced_report.md
-    echo "- Medium Severity: ${#medium_severity[@]}" >> enhanced_report.md
-    echo "- False Positives: ${#false_positives[@]}" >> enhanced_report.md
-    
-    # Display the enhanced report
-    echo "=== Enhanced Analysis Report ==="
-    cat enhanced_report.md
-}
-
-# Run the enhanced analysis
-parse_findings "a3-python-output.txt"
-```
-
-**Note**: The complete list of all findings should be added to a collapsible `<details>` section in the GitHub issue, not shown in full detail.
-
-### 3.4 Categorize and Count
-
-Create a structured analysis with source code context:
-
-```markdown
-## Analysis Results
-
-### 3.4 Categorize and Count
-
-Create a structured analysis with source code context:
-
-```markdown
-## Analysis Results
-
-### High-Severity Issues (for detailed examples):
-1. [Issue 1 Description] - File: path/to/file.py, Line: X
-   **Source Code Context:**
-   ```python
-   [Line numbers with context - error line marked with ❌]
-   ```
-
-2. [Issue 2 Description] - File: path/to/file.py, Line: Y
-   **Source Code Context:**
-   ```python
-   [Line numbers with context - error line marked with ❌]
-   ```
-
-(Limit to top 5 high-severity for detailed display)
-
-### False Positives:
-1. [FP 1 Description] - Reason: Pre-condition assertion at function start
-2. [FP 2 Description] - Reason for dismissal
-...
-
-### Summary:
-- Total findings: X
-- High severity (NULL_PTR, DIV_ZERO): Y
-- Medium severity (BOUNDS, ASSERT_FAIL): Z
-- False positives (including pre-conditions): W
-```
-
-## Phase 4: Create GitHub Issue (Conditional)
-
-### 4.1 Determine If Issue Creation Is Needed
-
-Create a GitHub issue **ONLY IF**:
-- ✅ There are **2 or more** true positives (likely issues)
-- ✅ The issues are actionable and specific
-- ✅ The analysis completed successfully
-
-**Do NOT create an issue if**:
-- ❌ Zero or one true positive found
-- ❌ Only false positives detected
-- ❌ Analysis failed to run
-- ❌ Output file is empty or contains only errors
-
-### 4.2 Generate Issue Description
-
-**Important**: Use the enhanced report generated in Phase 3.5 to populate the issue with source code context.
-
-If creating an issue, use this structure:
-
-```markdown
-## A3 Python Code Analysis - [Date]
-
-This issue reports **[number]** DSE-confirmed bugs identified by a3-python analysis tool across the Z3 Python API.
-
-### Executive Summary
-
-- **Total Findings**: X confirmed bugs
-- **High Severity**: Y (NULL_PTR: N1, DIV_ZERO: N2)
-- **Medium Severity**: Z (BOUNDS: N3, ASSERT_FAIL: N4)
-- **Analysis Method**: Deep Symbolic Execution (DSE) verification
-
-### Files Most Affected
-
-| File | Issues |
-|------|--------|
-| `path/to/file1.py` | X |
-| `path/to/file2.py` | Y |
-| `path/to/file3.py` | Z |
-
-(Show only top 3-5 files)
-
-### Sample High-Severity Findings
-
-#### 1. [BUG_TYPE] in `function_name`
-
-**Location**: `path/to/file.py:line_number`
-
-```python
-  10:   def some_function():
-  11:       value = None
-  12: ❌     return value.upper()  # Error: NoneType has no attribute 'upper'
-  13:   
-  14:   # Rest of function...
-```
-
-#### 2. [BUG_TYPE] in `function_name`
-
-**Location**: `path/to/file.py:line_number`
-
-```python
-  25:   if condition:
-  26:       result = process_data()
-  27: ❌     return result  # Error: 'result' may be undefined
-  28:   # Missing else clause
-```
-
-(Show only top 5 high-severity examples with code context)
-
-### Bug Type Analysis
-
-| Type | Count | Description |
-|------|-------|-------------|
-| NULL_PTR | X | Potential None/null dereferences |
-| BOUNDS | Y | Array/string index out of bounds |
-| ASSERT_FAIL | Z | Assertion violations |
-| DIV_ZERO | W | Division by zero errors |
-
-### Methodology
-
-This analysis used **a3-python** with:
-- ✅ **Deep Symbolic Execution (DSE)**: Confirms bug reachability via concrete paths
-- ✅ **Barrier Theory**: Attempts to prove safety before flagging
-- ✅ **Multi-strategy verification**: 7+ verification techniques
-
-All [number] issues are **DSE-confirmed**, meaning the tool verified these errors are reachable through real execution paths.
-
-### Recommended Actions
-
-**Immediate Priority** (High Severity - X issues):
-1. Add null/None checks before dereferences in core API functions
-2. Validate division denominators to prevent DIV_ZERO
-3. Focus on `most_affected_file.py` (N issues)
-
-**Medium Priority** (Y issues):
-1. Add bounds checking for array/string indexing
-2. Review and strengthen assertion conditions
-3. Add comprehensive error handling
-
-**Long-term**:
-1. Adopt comprehensive input validation across Python API
-2. Use Python type hints consistently (e.g., `Optional[T]`)
-3. Consider defensive programming patterns for C API wrappers
-
-### Complete Analysis Data
-
-<details>
-<summary>All [number] findings grouped by file (click to expand)</summary>
-
-**path/to/file1.py** (X issues)
-- BUG_TYPE: N issues
-  - Line Y: `function_name`
-  - Line Z: `function_name`
-  ...
-
-**path/to/file2.py** (X issues)
-- BUG_TYPE: N issues
-  - Line Y: `function_name`
-  ...
-
-(List ALL findings in collapsed section)
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary>Raw a3-python output excerpt (click to expand)</summary>
-
-```
-[PASTE FIRST 50-100 LINES OF a3-python-output.txt HERE FOR REFERENCE]
-```
-
-</details>
-
----
-
-*Note: All findings have been DSE-confirmed by a3-python's deep symbolic execution engine. For questions about specific findings, run `a3 scan` locally for detailed analysis.*
-```
-
-### 4.3 Use Safe Outputs
-
-Create the issue using the safe-outputs configuration:
-
-- Title will be prefixed with `[a3-python]`
-- Labeled with `bug`, `automated-analysis`, `a3-python`
-- Contains structured analysis with actionable findings
-
-## Important Guidelines
-
-### Analysis Quality
-- **Be thorough**: Review all findings carefully
-- **Be accurate**: Distinguish real issues from false positives
-- **Be specific**: Provide file names, line numbers, and descriptions
-- **Be actionable**: Include recommendations for fixes
-- **Be concise**: Focus on the most critical findings in the main issue body
-
-### Issue Formatting Best Practices
-- **Limit sample findings**: Show only top 5 high-severity examples with code context
-- **Use collapsible sections**: Put complete analysis data in `<details>` tags
-- **Prioritize readability**: Organize by severity and actionability, not just by file
-- **Avoid duplication**: Don't repeat the same information in multiple formats
-- **Keep it focused**: The issue should be scannable in under 2 minutes
-
-### Classification Criteria
-
-**True Positives** should meet these criteria:
-- The issue represents a real bug or problem
-- It could impact functionality, security, or performance
-- It's actionable with a clear fix
-- It's in code owned by the repository (not third-party)
-
-**False Positives** typically include:
-- Style preferences without functional impact
-- Intentional design decisions that are correct
-- Test code patterns that look unusual but are valid
-- Generated or vendored code
-- Overly pedantic warnings
-- **Assertion violations at the beginning of functions** (these are pre-conditions)
-- Parameter validation checks (assert statements checking input parameters)
-
-### Threshold for Issue Creation
-- **2+ true positives**: Create an issue with all findings
-- **1 true positive**: Do not create an issue (not enough to warrant it)
-- **0 true positives**: Exit gracefully without creating an issue
-
-### Exit Conditions
-
-Exit gracefully without creating an issue if:
-- Analysis tool failed to run or install
-- Python source files were not found or checked out properly
-- No Python files found in repository
-- Output file is empty or invalid
-- Zero or one true positive identified
-- All findings are false positives
-
-### Success Metrics
-
-A successful analysis:
-- ✅ Completes without errors
-- ✅ Generates comprehensive output with source code context
-- ✅ Accurately classifies findings
-- ✅ Creates actionable issue when appropriate
-- ✅ Provides clear recommendations with visual code examples
-- ✅ Shows error lines with surrounding context for better understanding
-
-## Output Requirements
-
-Your output MUST either:
-
-1. **If analysis fails or no findings**:
-   ```
-   ✅ A3 Python analysis completed.
-   No significant issues found - 0 or 1 true positive detected.
-   ```
-
-2. **If 2+ true positives found**: Create an issue with:
-   - Clear executive summary with statistics
-   - Files most affected table (top 3-5 only)
-   - **ONLY top 5 high-severity findings** with detailed source code context
-   - Bug type analysis summary table
-   - Methodology explanation
-   - Recommended actions (prioritized)
-   - **Complete findings list** in collapsed `<details>` section
-   - **Raw output excerpt** (first 50-100 lines) in collapsed `<details>` section
-   
-**Critical**: Do NOT list all findings in the main issue body. Keep sample findings to 5 maximum and put comprehensive data in collapsible sections.
-
-## Enhanced Workflow Summary
-
-The enhanced workflow now includes:
-
-1. **Automated Source Code Context Extraction**: The `extract_code_context` function automatically extracts 5 lines before and after each error location
-2. **Visual Error Highlighting**: Error lines are marked with ❌ for easy identification
-3. **Severity-Based Classification**: Automatically categorizes findings as high/medium severity
-4. **False Positive Detection**: Identifies pre-condition assertions at function entry points
-5. **Concise Reporting**: Limits detailed examples to top 5 high-severity findings
-6. **Progressive Disclosure**: Uses collapsible sections for complete data
-7. **Enhanced GitHub Issues**: Issues are scannable, actionable, and well-organized
-
-Begin the analysis now. Install a3-python, run analysis on the repository, save output to a3-python-output.txt, extract source code context for findings, classify by severity, and create a GitHub issue if 2 or more likely issues are found. **Remember to keep the main issue body concise with only top 5 examples and put complete findings in a collapsed section.**
diff --git a/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml
index 99c5beb1d5..e28e9c1384 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"dd63b4d66cd714e87c81488d3486e3a850e458a916995cdf5bc03156d94a72b3","body_hash":"665495c4ed6e3e1026d2af08b3c91602776ca76d61b3e2e02ea01e12e120261c","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
 #
 #    ___                   _   _      
 #   / _ \                 | | (_)     
@@ -13,7 +16,6 @@
 # \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
 #  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
 #
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.45.3). DO NOT EDIT.
 #
 # To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
 #   gh aw compile
@@ -23,13 +25,44 @@
 #
 # Analyzes Python code using a3-python tool to identify bugs and issues
 #
-# frontmatter-hash: f888b1dc3ab134d21d4f939aa04437af1351d089f930204b921154a18c887936
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
 
 name: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-"on":
+on:
   schedule:
-  - cron: "0 0 * * 0"
+  - cron: "11 14 * * 0"
+    # Friendly format: weekly on sunday (scattered)
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
 
 permissions: {}
 
@@ -42,180 +75,306 @@ jobs:
   activation:
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
+      actions: read
       contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
       comment_id: ""
       comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults","python"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-a3python-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-a3python-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "a3-python"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
+          persist-credentials: false
           sparse-checkout: |
             .github
             .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
           fetch-depth: 1
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "a3-python.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
       - name: Create prompt with built-in context
         env:
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
         run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_7d7c88a6ea2998b0_EOF'
           <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Temporary IDs: Some safe output tools support a temporary ID field (usually named temporary_id) so you can reference newly-created items elsewhere in the SAME agent output (for example, using #aw_abc1 in a later body). 
-          
-          **IMPORTANT - temporary_id format rules:**
-          - If you DON'T need to reference the item later, OMIT the temporary_id field entirely (it will be auto-generated if needed)
-          - If you DO need cross-references/chaining, you MUST match this EXACT validation regex: /^aw_[A-Za-z0-9]{3,8}$/i
-          - Format: aw_ prefix followed by 3 to 8 alphanumeric characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, case-insensitive)
-          - Valid alphanumeric characters: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789
-          - INVALID examples: aw_ab (too short), aw_123456789 (too long), aw_test-id (contains hyphen), aw_id_123 (contains underscore)
-          - VALID examples: aw_abc, aw_abc1, aw_Test123, aw_A1B2C3D4, aw_12345678
-          - To generate valid IDs: use 3-8 random alphanumeric characters or omit the field to let the system auto-generate
-          
-          Do NOT invent other aw_* formats — downstream steps will reject them with validation errors matching against /^aw_[A-Za-z0-9]{3,8}$/i.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_7d7c88a6ea2998b0_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_7d7c88a6ea2998b0_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_issue, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_7d7c88a6ea2998b0_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_7d7c88a6ea2998b0_EOF'
           <github-context>
           The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
+          {{#if github.actor}}
           - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
           {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
           - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
           {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
           - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
           {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
           {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
           {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
           {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
           {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
           - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
           {{/if}}
           </github-context>
           
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_7d7c88a6ea2998b0_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_7d7c88a6ea2998b0_EOF'
           </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
           {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/a3-python.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_7d7c88a6ea2998b0_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
       - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
           GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
             
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
             
             // Call the substitution function
             return await substitutePlaceholders({
               file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
               substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
                 GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
                 GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
                 GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
               }
             });
       - name: Validate prompt placeholders
         env:
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
       - name: Print prompt
         env:
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Upload prompt artifact
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
         if: success()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: prompt
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
           retention-days: 1
 
   agent:
     needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
       contents: read
@@ -223,403 +382,350 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: read
     concurrency:
       group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
     env:
       DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
       GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
       GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: a3python
     outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
       checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
       output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
       output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
-      - name: Checkout Python source files
-        run: |-
-          git sparse-checkout init --cone
-          git sparse-checkout set src
-          echo "Python source files checked out from src directory"
-
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Checkout PR branch
         id: checkout-pr
         if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.410",
-              cli_version: "v0.45.3",
-              workflow_name: "A3 Python Code Analysis",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults","python"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.19.1",
-              awmg_version: "v0.1.4",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.410
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.19.1
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
         id: determine-automatic-lockdown
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
         env:
           GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
             await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
       - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.19.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.19.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_issue":{"max":1},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_c0d6c77204b0c73e_EOF'
+          {"create_issue":{"labels":["bug","automated-analysis","a3-python"],"max":1,"title_prefix":"[a3-python] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_c0d6c77204b0c73e_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
             {
-              "description": "Create a new GitHub issue for tracking bugs, feature requests, or tasks. Use this for actionable work items that need assignment, labeling, and status tracking. For reports, announcements, or status updates that don't require task tracking, use create_discussion instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[a3-python] \". Labels [bug automated-analysis a3-python] will be automatically added.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_issue": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[a3-python] \". Labels [\"bug\" \"automated-analysis\" \"a3-python\"] will be automatically added."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_issue": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
                   "body": {
-                    "description": "Detailed issue description in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the issue's h1. Include context, reproduction steps, or acceptance criteria as appropriate.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 20
                   },
-                  "labels": {
-                    "description": "Labels to categorize the issue (e.g., 'bug', 'enhancement'). Labels must exist in the repository.",
-                    "items": {
-                      "type": "string"
-                    },
+                  "fields": {
                     "type": "array"
                   },
+                  "labels": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "itemType": "string",
+                    "itemSanitize": true,
+                    "itemMaxLength": 128
+                  },
                   "parent": {
-                    "description": "Parent issue number for creating sub-issues. This is the numeric ID from the GitHub URL (e.g., 42 in github.com/owner/repo/issues/42). Can also be a temporary_id (e.g., 'aw_abc123', 'aw_Test123') from a previously created issue in the same workflow run.",
-                    "type": [
-                      "number",
-                      "string"
-                    ]
+                    "issueOrPRNumber": true
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "temporary_id": {
-                    "description": "Unique temporary identifier for referencing this issue before it's created. Format: 'aw_' followed by 3 to 8 alphanumeric characters (e.g., 'aw_abc1', 'aw_Test123'). Use '#aw_ID' in body text to reference other issues by their temporary_id; these are replaced with actual issue numbers after creation.",
-                    "pattern": "^aw_[A-Za-z0-9]{3,8}$",
                     "type": "string"
                   },
                   "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise issue title summarizing the bug, feature, or task. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "create_issue"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
                   "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   },
                   "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_issue": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "labels": {
-                  "type": "array",
-                  "itemType": "string",
-                  "itemSanitize": true,
-                  "itemMaxLength": 128
-                },
-                "parent": {
-                  "issueOrPRNumber": true
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "temporary_id": {
-                  "type": "string"
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
                 }
               }
             }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
       - name: Start MCP Gateway
         id: start-mcp-gateway
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
           GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
           
           # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
           echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
           export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
           mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
           export DEBUG="*"
           
           export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
           
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
           {
             "mcpServers": {
               "github": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
                 "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
                   "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
                   "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
                 }
               },
               "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
                 }
               }
             },
@@ -630,68 +736,112 @@ jobs:
               "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
             }
           }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Download prompt artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
-        with:
-          name: prompt
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
         id: agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
         timeout-minutes: 45
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains '*.pythonhosted.org,anaconda.org,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,binstar.org,bootstrap.pypa.io,conda.anaconda.org,conda.binstar.org,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,files.pythonhosted.org,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,pip.pypa.io,ppa.launchpad.net,pypi.org,pypi.python.org,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,repo.anaconda.com,repo.continuum.io,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com' --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.19.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- /bin/bash -c '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"*.pythonhosted.org\",\"anaconda.org\",\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"binstar.org\",\"bootstrap.pypa.io\",\"conda.anaconda.org\",\"conda.binstar.org\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"files.pythonhosted.org\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"pip.pypa.io\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"pypi.org\",\"pypi.python.org\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"repo.anaconda.com\",\"repo.continuum.io\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 45
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
       - name: Stop MCP Gateway
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
@@ -700,15 +850,15 @@ jobs:
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
           GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
         run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
       - name: Redact secrets in logs
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
             await main();
         env:
           GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
@@ -716,62 +866,51 @@ jobs:
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
+      - name: Append agent step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Ingest agent output
         id: collect_output
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.pythonhosted.org,anaconda.org,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,binstar.org,bootstrap.pypa.io,conda.anaconda.org,conda.binstar.org,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,files.pythonhosted.org,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,pip.pypa.io,ppa.launchpad.net,pypi.org,pypi.python.org,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,repo.anaconda.com,repo.continuum.io,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.pythonhosted.org,anaconda.org,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,binstar.org,bootstrap.pypa.io,conda.anaconda.org,conda.binstar.org,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,files.pythonhosted.org,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,pip.pypa.io,ppa.launchpad.net,pypi.org,pypi.python.org,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,repo.anaconda.com,repo.continuum.io,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
           GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
           GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
       - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Print firewall logs
         if: always()
@@ -779,28 +918,65 @@ jobs:
         env:
           AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
         run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
           # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
           # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
           if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
             awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
           else
             echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
           fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
       - name: Upload agent artifacts
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
+          name: agent
           path: |
             /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
             /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
           if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   conclusion:
@@ -809,246 +985,598 @@ jobs:
       - agent
       - detection
       - safe_outputs
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-a3-python"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
       noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
       tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
       total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-a3python-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-a3python-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-a3python-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
         id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.md"
           GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "a3-python"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.md"
+          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
         id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.md"
           GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.md"
+          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.md"
           GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
           GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "a3-python"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
           GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "45"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
-          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
             await main();
 
   detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
           WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Analyzes Python code using a3-python tool to identify bugs and issues"
           HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
         run: |
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
           touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.410
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
         timeout-minutes: 20
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
+          name: detection
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
           if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
 
   safe_outputs:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       issues: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/a3-python"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
       GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "a3-python-analysis"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "a3-python"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.md"
     outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
       create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
       create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      created_issue_number: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_number }}
+      created_issue_url: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_url }}
       process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
       process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.3
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "A3 Python Code Analysis"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/a3-python.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Process Safe Outputs
         id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"bug\",\"automated-analysis\",\"a3-python\"],\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[a3-python] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.pythonhosted.org,anaconda.org,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,binstar.org,bootstrap.pypa.io,conda.anaconda.org,conda.binstar.org,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,files.pythonhosted.org,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,pip.pypa.io,ppa.launchpad.net,pypi.org,pypi.python.org,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,repo.anaconda.com,repo.continuum.io,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"bug\",\"automated-analysis\",\"a3-python\"],\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[a3-python] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/a3-python.md b/.github/workflows/a3-python.md
index 846022bb1e..9ff8ffc15d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/a3-python.md
+++ b/.github/workflows/a3-python.md
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ---
 on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * 0"  # Weekly on Sundays at midnight UTC
+  schedule: weekly on sunday
   workflow_dispatch:  # Allow manual trigger
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -10,23 +9,20 @@ permissions:
 network:
   allowed: [defaults, python]
 safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
   create-issue:
     labels:
       - bug
       - automated-analysis
       - a3-python
     title-prefix: "[a3-python] "
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
 description: Analyzes Python code using a3-python tool to identify bugs and issues
 name: A3 Python Code Analysis
 strict: true
 timeout-minutes: 45
 tracker-id: a3-python-analysis
-steps:
-  - name: Checkout Python source files
-    run: |
-      git sparse-checkout init --cone
-      git sparse-checkout set src
-      echo "Python source files checked out from src directory"
 ---
 
 # A3 Python Code Analysis Agent
diff --git a/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c82872929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1668 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"480bf21bcee3122e341b8d9cc8b19279eaa3c25109c5268eb353b9cf2a749663","body_hash":"05745b276b67f33e54e95f20396a0d79e1bf2384cd2d43bc3b31b6ca3ddae969","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Monthly Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker for Z3. Searches arXiv, Semantic Scholar, and GitHub for recent papers and projects using Z3, analyses which Z3 features they rely on, and identifies the functionality — features or performance — most important to address next.
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 6 1 * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults","export.arxiv.org","api.semanticscholar.org","github"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-academiccitationtracker-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-academiccitationtracker-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "academic-citation-tracker"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_4554d1c992d25282_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_4554d1c992d25282_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_4554d1c992d25282_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_4554d1c992d25282_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_4554d1c992d25282_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_4554d1c992d25282_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_4554d1c992d25282_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_4554d1c992d25282_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: academiccitationtracker
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
+      - name: Create cache-memory directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
+      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          restore-keys: |
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_7e525cb1d296e2bd_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":1440,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[Research Trends] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"max_bot_mentions":1,"mentions":{"enabled":false},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_7e525cb1d296e2bd_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Research Trends] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "mentions": {
+                "enabled": false
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"*.githubusercontent.com\",\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.semanticscholar.org\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"codeload.github.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"docs.github.com\",\"export.arxiv.org\",\"github-cloud.githubusercontent.com\",\"github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com\",\"github.blog\",\"github.com\",\"github.githubassets.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"lfs.github.com\",\"objects.githubusercontent.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"patch-diff.githubusercontent.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 60
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.githubusercontent.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.semanticscholar.org,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,codeload.github.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,docs.github.com,export.arxiv.org,github-cloud.githubusercontent.com,github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com,github.blog,github.com,github.githubassets.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,lfs.github.com,objects.githubusercontent.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,patch-diff.githubusercontent.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_GITHUB_REFS: ""
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
+      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+      - update_cache_memory
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-academic-citation-tracker"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-academiccitationtracker-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-academiccitationtracker-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-academiccitationtracker-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "academic-citation-tracker"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "academic-citation-tracker"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "60"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Monthly Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker for Z3. Searches arXiv, Semantic Scholar, and GitHub for recent papers and projects using Z3, analyses which Z3 features they rely on, and identifies the functionality — features or performance — most important to address next."
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/academic-citation-tracker"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "academic-citation-tracker"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.githubusercontent.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.semanticscholar.org,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,codeload.github.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,docs.github.com,export.arxiv.org,github-cloud.githubusercontent.com,github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com,github.blog,github.com,github.githubassets.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,lfs.github.com,objects.githubusercontent.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,patch-diff.githubusercontent.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":1440,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Research Trends] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"mentions\":{\"enabled\":false},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  update_cache_memory:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: academiccitationtracker
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md b/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60e15136e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.md
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+---
+description: >
+  Monthly Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker for Z3.
+  Searches arXiv, Semantic Scholar, and GitHub for recent papers and projects
+  using Z3, analyses which Z3 features they rely on, and identifies the
+  functionality — features or performance — most important to address next.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 6 1 * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+timeout-minutes: 60
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+network:
+  allowed:
+    - defaults
+    - export.arxiv.org
+    - api.semanticscholar.org
+    - github
+
+tools:
+  cache-memory: true
+  web-fetch: {}
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default, repos]
+  bash: [":*"]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  mentions: false
+  allowed-github-references: []
+  max-bot-mentions: 1
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[Research Trends] "
+    category: "Agentic Workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+    expires: 60d
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+---
+
+# Academic Citation & Research Trend Tracker
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert research analyst for the Z3
+theorem prover repository `${{ github.repository }}`. Your mission is to find recent
+academic papers and open-source projects that use Z3, understand *which Z3 features*
+they rely on, and synthesise what this reveals about the features and performance
+improvements that would have the greatest community impact.
+
+## Your Task
+
+### 1. Initialise or Resume Progress (Cache Memory)
+
+Check cache memory for:
+- Papers and projects already covered in the previous run (DOIs, arXiv IDs, GitHub repo URLs)
+- Feature-usage counts accumulated across runs
+- Date of the last run
+
+Use the cached data so this run focuses on **new** material (last 30 days by default; if no prior cache exists, cover the last 90 days).
+Initialise an empty tracking structure if the cache is absent.
+
+### 2. Collect Recent Papers
+
+#### 2.1 arXiv Search
+
+Fetch recent papers that mention Z3 as a core tool. Use the arXiv API.
+First compute the date 30 days ago (or 90 days for the initial run) in YYYYMMDD format,
+then pass it as the `submittedDate` range filter:
+
+```bash
+# Compute the start date (30 days ago)
+START_DATE=$(date -d "30 days ago" +%Y%m%d 2>/dev/null || date -v-30d +%Y%m%d)
+TODAY=$(date +%Y%m%d)
+
+# Papers mentioning Z3 in cs.PL, cs.LO, cs.SE, cs.CR, cs.FM categories
+curl -s "https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=all:Z3+solver+AND+(cat:cs.PL+OR+cat:cs.LO+OR+cat:cs.SE+OR+cat:cs.CR+OR+cat:cs.FM)&submittedDate=[${START_DATE}2359+TO+${TODAY}2359]&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending&max_results=40" \
+  -o /tmp/arxiv-results.xml
+```
+
+Parse the XML for: title, authors, abstract, arXiv ID, submission date, primary category.
+
+#### 2.2 Semantic Scholar Search
+
+Fetch recent papers via the Semantic Scholar API, filtering to the current year
+(or year-1 for the initial run) to surface only recent work:
+
+```bash
+CURRENT_YEAR=$(date +%Y)
+
+curl -s "https://api.semanticscholar.org/graph/v1/paper/search?query=Z3+theorem+prover&fields=title,authors,year,abstract,externalIds,citationCount,venue&limit=40&sort=relevance&year=${CURRENT_YEAR}" \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -o /tmp/s2-results.json
+```
+
+Merge with the arXiv results (de-duplicate by DOI / arXiv ID).
+
+#### 2.3 GitHub Projects
+
+Use the GitHub MCP server tools to find recently-active repositories that depend on
+or study Z3. Use these example search strategies:
+- Repos with the `z3` topic pushed in the last 30 days:
+  `topic:z3 pushed:>YYYY-MM-DD` (substitute the actual date)
+- Repos depending on z3 Python package with recent activity:
+  `z3-solver in:file filename:requirements.txt pushed:>YYYY-MM-DD`
+- Repos referencing Z3Prover in README:
+  `Z3Prover/z3 in:readme pushed:>YYYY-MM-DD`
+
+Limit to the 20 most-relevant results; filter out the Z3 repo itself (`Z3Prover/z3`).
+
+#### 2.4 Filter for Genuine Z3 Usage
+
+Keep only results where Z3 is used as a *core* component (not just a passing mention).
+Discard:
+- Papers that mention Z3 only in a reference list
+- Repos that list z3 as an optional or dev dependency only
+- Papers behind hard paywalls where the abstract cannot be fetched
+
+### 3. Analyse Feature Usage
+
+For each retained paper or project extract, from the abstract, full text (when
+accessible), README, or source code:
+
+**Z3 Feature / API Surface Used:**
+- SMT-LIB2 formula input (`check-sat`, `get-model`, theory declarations)
+- Python API (`z3py`) — which theories: Int/Real arithmetic, BitVectors, Arrays, Strings/Sequences, Uninterpreted Functions, Quantifiers
+- C/C++ API
+- Other language bindings (Java, C#, OCaml, JavaScript/WASM)
+- Fixedpoint / Datalog (`z3.Fixedpoint`)
+- Optimisation (`z3.Optimize`, MaxSMT)
+- Proofs / DRAT
+- Tactics and solvers (e.g., `qfbv`, `spacer`, `elim-quantifiers`, `nlsat`)
+- Incremental solving (`push`/`pop`, assumptions)
+- Model generation and evaluation
+- Interpolation / Horn clause solving (Spacer/PDR)
+- SMTCOMP/evaluation benchmarks
+
+**Application Domain:**
+- Program verification / deductive verification
+- Symbolic execution / concolic testing
+- Security (vulnerability discovery, protocol verification, exploit generation)
+- Type checking / language design
+- Hardware verification
+- Constraint solving / planning / scheduling
+- Formal specification / theorem proving assistance
+- Compiler correctness
+- Machine learning / neural network verification
+- Other
+
+**Pain Points Mentioned:**
+Note any explicit mentions of Z3 limitations, performance issues, missing features,
+workarounds, or comparisons where Z3 underperformed.
+
+### 4. Aggregate Trends
+
+Compute over all papers and projects collected (this run + cache history):
+- **Feature popularity ranking**: which APIs/theories appear most frequently
+- **Domain ranking**: which application areas use Z3 most
+- **Performance pain-point frequency**: mentions of timeouts, scalability, memory, or
+  regression across Z3 versions
+- **Feature gap signals**: features requested but absent, or workarounds applied
+- **New vs. returning features**: compare with previous month's top features to spot
+  rising or falling trends
+
+### 5. Correlate with Open Issues and PRs
+
+Use the GitHub MCP server to search the Z3 issue tracker and recent PRs for signals
+that align with the academic findings:
+- Are the performance pain-points also reflected in open issues?
+- Do any open feature requests map to high-demand research use-cases?
+- Are there recent PRs that address any of the identified gaps?
+
+This produces a prioritised list of development recommendations grounded in both
+community usage and academic demand.
+
+### 6. Generate the Discussion Report
+
+Create a GitHub Discussion. Use `###` or lower for all section headers.
+Wrap verbose tables or lists in `<details>` tags to keep the report scannable.
+
+Title: `[Research Trends] Academic Citation & Research Trend Report — [Month YYYY]`
+
+Suggested structure:
+
+```markdown
+**Period covered**: [start date] – [end date]
+**Papers analysed**: N (arXiv: N, Semantic Scholar: N, new this run: N)
+**GitHub projects analysed**: N (new this run: N)
+
+### Executive Summary
+
+2–3 sentences: headline finding about where Z3 is being used and what the
+community most needs.
+
+### Top Z3 Features Used
+
+| Rank | Feature / API | Papers | Projects | Trend vs. Last Month |
+|------|--------------|--------|----------|----------------------|
+| 1 | z3py – BitVectors | N | N | ↑ / ↓ / → |
+| … |
+
+### Application Domain Breakdown
+
+| Domain | Papers | % of Total |
+|--------|--------|------------|
+| Program verification | N | N% |
+| … |
+
+### Performance & Feature Pain-Points
+
+List the most-cited pain-points with representative quotes or paraphrases from
+abstracts/READMEs. Group by theme (scalability, string solver performance, API
+ergonomics, missing theories, etc.).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>All Pain-Point Mentions</b></summary>
+
+One entry per paper/project that mentions a pain-point.
+
+</details>
+
+### Recommended Development Priorities
+
+Ranked list of Z3 features or performance improvements most likely to have broad
+research impact, with rationale tied to specific evidence:
+
+1. **[Priority 1]** — evidence: N papers, N projects, N related issues
+2. …
+
+### Correlation with Open Issues / PRs
+
+Issues and PRs in Z3Prover/z3 that align with the identified research priorities.
+
+| Issue / PR | Title | Alignment |
+|-----------|-------|-----------|
+| #NNN | … | [feature / pain-point it addresses] |
+
+### Notable New Papers
+
+Brief description of 3–5 particularly interesting papers, their use of Z3, and
+any Z3-specific insights.
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>All Papers This Run</b></summary>
+
+| Source | Title | Authors | Date | Features Used | Domain |
+|--------|-------|---------|------|--------------|--------|
+| arXiv:XXXX.XXXXX | … | … | … | … | … |
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>All GitHub Projects This Run</b></summary>
+
+| Repository | Stars | Updated | Features Used | Domain |
+|-----------|-------|---------|--------------|--------|
+| owner/repo | N | YYYY-MM-DD | … | … |
+
+</details>
+
+### Methodology Note
+
+Brief description of the search strategy, sources, and filters used this run.
+```
+
+### 7. Update Cache Memory
+
+Store for next run:
+- Set of all paper IDs (DOIs, arXiv IDs) and GitHub repo URLs already covered
+- Feature-usage frequency counts (cumulative)
+- Domain frequency counts (cumulative)
+- Date of this run
+- Top-3 pain-point themes for trend comparison
+
+## Guidelines
+
+- **Be accurate**: Only attribute feature usage to Z3 when the paper/code makes it explicit.
+- **Be exhaustive within scope**: Cover all material found; don't cherry-pick.
+- **Be concise in headlines**: Lead with the most actionable finding.
+- **Respect academic citation norms**: Include arXiv IDs and DOIs; do not reproduce
+  full paper text — only titles, authors, and abstracts.
+- **Track trends**: The cache lets you show month-over-month changes.
+- **Stay Z3-specific**: Focus on insights relevant to Z3 development, not general SMT
+  or theorem-proving trends.
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- DO NOT create pull requests or modify source files.
+- DO NOT reproduce copyrighted paper text beyond short fair-use quotes.
+- DO close older Research Trends discussions automatically (configured).
+- DO always cite sources (arXiv ID, DOI, GitHub URL) so maintainers can verify.
+- DO use cache memory to track longitudinal trends across months.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/agentics-maintenance.yml b/.github/workflows/agentics-maintenance.yml
index c246d4b50e..139263fb9c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/agentics-maintenance.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/agentics-maintenance.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# This file was automatically generated by pkg/workflow/maintenance_workflow.go (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
 #
 #    ___                   _   _      
 #   / _ \                 | | (_)     
@@ -13,57 +14,601 @@
 # \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
 #  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
 #
-# This file was automatically generated by pkg/workflow/maintenance_workflow.go (v0.37.23). DO NOT EDIT.
 #
 # To regenerate this workflow, run:
 #   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/githubnext/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
 #
-# Alternative regeneration methods:
-# make recompile
-# 
-# Or use the gh-aw CLI directly:
-# ./gh-aw compile --validate --verbose
-# 
-# The workflow is generated when any workflow uses the 'expires' field
-# in create-discussions or create-issues safe-outputs configuration.
-# Schedule frequency is automatically determined by the shortest expiration time.
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# This file defines the generated agentic maintenance workflow for this repository.
+# It runs scheduled cleanup for expiring safe outputs and supports manual maintenance operations.
+#
+# This workflow is generated automatically when workflows use expiring safe outputs
+# or when repository maintenance features are enabled in .github/workflows/aw.json.
+#
+# To disable maintenance workflow generation, set in .github/workflows/aw.json:
+# {"maintenance": false}
+#
+# Agentic maintenance docs:
+# https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/ephemerals/#manual-maintenance-operations
 #
 name: Agentic Maintenance
 
 on:
   schedule:
-    - cron: "37 0 * * *"  # Daily (based on minimum expires: 7 days)
+    - cron: "37 */2 * * *"  # Every 2 hours (based on minimum expires: 1 days)
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      operation:
+        description: 'Optional maintenance operation to run'
+        required: false
+        type: choice
+        default: ''
+        options:
+          - ''
+          - 'disable'
+          - 'enable'
+          - 'update'
+          - 'upgrade'
+          - 'safe_outputs'
+          - 'create_labels'
+          - 'activity_report'
+          - 'close_agentic_workflows_issues'
+          - 'clean_cache_memories'
+          - 'update_pull_request_branches'
+          - 'validate'
+          - 'forecast'
+      run_url:
+        description: 'Run URL or run ID to replay safe outputs from (e.g. https://github.com/owner/repo/actions/runs/12345 or 12345). Required when operation is safe_outputs.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: ''
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      operation:
+        description: 'Optional maintenance operation to run (disable, enable, update, upgrade, safe_outputs, create_labels, activity_report, close_agentic_workflows_issues, clean_cache_memories, update_pull_request_branches, validate, forecast)'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: ''
+      run_url:
+        description: 'Run URL or run ID to replay safe outputs from (e.g. https://github.com/owner/repo/actions/runs/12345 or 12345). Required when operation is safe_outputs.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: ''
+    outputs:
+      operation_completed:
+        description: 'The maintenance operation that was completed (empty when none ran or a scheduled job ran)'
+        value: ${{ jobs.run_operation.outputs.operation || inputs.operation }}
+      applied_run_url:
+        description: 'The run URL that safe outputs were applied from'
+        value: ${{ jobs.apply_safe_outputs.outputs.run_url }}
 
 permissions: {}
 
 jobs:
   close-expired-entities:
+    if: ${{ (!(github.event.repository.fork)) && github.event_name != 'push' && (github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event_name != 'workflow_call' || inputs.operation == '') }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       discussions: write
       issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: githubnext/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.1
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
 
       - name: Close expired discussions
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/close_expired_discussions.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/close_expired_discussions.cjs');
             await main();
 
       - name: Close expired issues
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/close_expired_issues.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/close_expired_issues.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Close expired pull requests
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/close_expired_pull_requests.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  cleanup-cache-memory:
+    if: ${{ (!(github.event.repository.fork)) && github.event_name != 'push' && (github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event_name != 'workflow_call' || inputs.operation == '' || inputs.operation == 'clean_cache_memories') }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Cleanup outdated cache-memory entries
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/cleanup_cache_memory.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  run_operation:
+    if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'workflow_call') && inputs.operation != '' && inputs.operation != 'safe_outputs' && inputs.operation != 'create_labels' && inputs.operation != 'activity_report' && inputs.operation != 'close_agentic_workflows_issues' && inputs.operation != 'clean_cache_memories' && inputs.operation != 'update_pull_request_branches' && inputs.operation != 'validate' && inputs.operation != 'forecast' && (!(github.event.repository.fork)) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: write
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    outputs:
+      operation: ${{ steps.record.outputs.operation }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Check admin/maintainer permissions
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_team_member.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Install gh-aw
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup-cli@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          version: v0.81.6
+
+      - name: Run operation
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_OPERATION: ${{ inputs.operation }}
+          GH_AW_CMD_PREFIX: gh aw
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/run_operation_update_upgrade.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Record outputs
+        id: record
+        env:
+          GH_AW_OPERATION: ${{ inputs.operation }}
+        run: echo "operation=$GH_AW_OPERATION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  update_pull_request_branches:
+    if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'workflow_call') && inputs.operation == 'update_pull_request_branches' && (!(github.event.repository.fork)) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Check admin/maintainer permissions
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_team_member.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Update pull request branches
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/update_pull_request_branches.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  apply_safe_outputs:
+    if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'workflow_call') && inputs.operation == 'safe_outputs' && (!(github.event.repository.fork)) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: write
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    outputs:
+      run_url: ${{ steps.record.outputs.run_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout actions folder
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            actions
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Check admin/maintainer permissions
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_team_member.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Apply Safe Outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ inputs.run_url }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/apply_safe_outputs_replay.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Record outputs
+        id: record
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ inputs.run_url }}
+        run: echo "run_url=$GH_AW_RUN_URL" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  create_labels:
+    if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'workflow_call') && inputs.operation == 'create_labels' && (!(github.event.repository.fork)) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Check admin/maintainer permissions
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_team_member.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Install gh-aw
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup-cli@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          version: v0.81.6
+
+      - name: Create missing labels
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CMD_PREFIX: gh aw
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/create_labels.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  activity_report:
+    if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'workflow_call') && inputs.operation == 'activity_report' && (!(github.event.repository.fork)) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Check admin/maintainer permissions
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_team_member.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Install gh-aw
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup-cli@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          version: v0.81.6
+
+      - name: Restore activity report logs cache
+        id: activity_report_logs_cache
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          path: ./.cache/gh-aw/activity-report-logs
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-activity-report-logs-${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-activity-report-logs-${{ github.repository }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-activity-report-logs-
+      - name: Download activity report logs
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_CMD_PREFIX: gh aw
+        run: |
+          ${GH_AW_CMD_PREFIX} logs \
+            --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" \
+            --start-date -1w \
+            --count 500 \
+            --output ./.cache/gh-aw/activity-report-logs \
+            --format markdown \
+            --report-file ./.cache/gh-aw/activity-report-logs/report.md
+
+      - name: Save activity report logs cache
+        if: ${{ always() }}
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          path: ./.cache/gh-aw/activity-report-logs
+          key: ${{ steps.activity_report_logs_cache.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
+
+      - name: Generate activity report issue
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('node:fs');
+            const reportPath = './.cache/gh-aw/activity-report-logs/report.md';
+            if (!fs.existsSync(reportPath)) {
+              core.warning('Activity report markdown not found at ' + reportPath + '; skipping issue creation.');
+              return;
+            }
+            let reportBody = '';
+            try {
+              reportBody = fs.readFileSync(reportPath, 'utf8').trim();
+            } catch (error) {
+              core.warning('Failed to read activity report markdown at ' + reportPath + ': ' + error.message);
+              return;
+            }
+            if (!reportBody) {
+              core.warning('Activity report markdown is empty at ' + reportPath + '; skipping issue creation.');
+              return;
+            }
+            const repoSlug = context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo;
+            const body = [
+              '### Agentic workflow activity report',
+              '',
+              'Repository: ' + repoSlug,
+              'Generated at: ' + new Date().toISOString(),
+              '',
+              reportBody,
+            ].join('\n');
+            const createdIssue = await github.rest.issues.create({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              title: '[aw] agentic status report',
+              body,
+              labels: ['agentic-workflows'],
+            });
+            core.info('Created issue #' + createdIssue.data.number + ': ' + createdIssue.data.html_url);
+
+  forecast_report:
+    if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'workflow_call') && inputs.operation == 'forecast' && (!(github.event.repository.fork)) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Check admin/maintainer permissions
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_team_member.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Install gh-aw
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup-cli@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          version: v0.81.6
+
+      - name: Restore forecast report logs cache
+        id: forecast_report_logs_cache
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          path: ./.github/aw/logs
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-forecast-report-logs-${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-forecast-report-logs-${{ github.repository }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-forecast-report-logs-
+
+      - name: Generate forecast report
+        id: generate_forecast_report
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          DEBUG: "*"
+          GH_AW_CMD_PREFIX: gh aw
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p ./.cache/gh-aw/forecast
+          set +e
+          ${GH_AW_CMD_PREFIX} forecast --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" --timeout 30 --verbose --json > ./.cache/gh-aw/forecast/report.json
+          forecast_exit_code=$?
+          set -e
+          if [ "${forecast_exit_code}" -eq 124 ]; then
+            echo '{"outcome":"timeout","message":"Forecast computation timed out after 30 minutes."}' > ./.cache/gh-aw/forecast/error.json
+            echo "::error::Forecast computation timed out after 30 minutes."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          if [ "${forecast_exit_code}" -ne 0 ]; then
+            echo '{"outcome":"error","message":"Forecast computation failed before producing a report."}' > ./.cache/gh-aw/forecast/error.json
+            echo "::error::Forecast computation failed with exit code ${forecast_exit_code}."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Debug forecast logs folder
+        if: ${{ always() }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -d ./.github/aw/logs ]; then
+            echo "Logs directory not found: ./.github/aw/logs"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          echo "Files under ./.github/aw/logs:"
+          find ./.github/aw/logs -type f | sort
+
+      - name: Save forecast report logs cache
+        if: ${{ always() }}
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          path: ./.github/aw/logs
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-forecast-report-logs-${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+
+      - name: Generate forecast issue
+        if: ${{ always() }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          FORECAST_STEP_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.generate_forecast_report.outcome }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/create_forecast_issue.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  close_agentic_workflows_issues:
+    if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'workflow_call') && inputs.operation == 'close_agentic_workflows_issues' && (!(github.event.repository.fork)) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Check admin/maintainer permissions
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_team_member.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Close no-repro agentic-workflows issues
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/close_agentic_workflows_issues.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  validate_workflows:
+    if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'workflow_call') && inputs.operation == 'validate' && (!(github.event.repository.fork)) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+
+      - name: Check admin/maintainer permissions
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_team_member.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+      - name: Install gh-aw
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup-cli@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          version: v0.81.6
+
+      - name: Validate workflows and file issue on findings
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CMD_PREFIX: gh aw
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/run_validate_workflows.cjs');
             await main();
diff --git a/.github/workflows/android-build.yml b/.github/workflows/android-build.yml
index 90c174cf48..6eac0e3ab8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/android-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/android-build.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
     - name: Configure CMake and build
       run:  |
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
         tar -cvf z3-build-${{ matrix.android-abi }}.tar *.jar *.so
 
     - name: Archive production artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: android-build-${{ matrix.android-abi }}
         path: build/z3-build-${{ matrix.android-abi }}.tar
diff --git a/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml
index 071c6825e5..7bc2e90df9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"834e887ef6def1de97d035da77ac91ab4abdaa02e16edd0e7437f6df4fd4fdc7","body_hash":"a3ec39bff49a3afd8f6e9c2bfdb45095d580f2933ae084824133687c651fd10a","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
 #
 #    ___                   _   _      
 #   / _ \                 | | (_)     
@@ -13,7 +16,6 @@
 # \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
 #  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
 #
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.45.0). DO NOT EDIT.
 #
 # To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
 #   gh aw compile
@@ -21,16 +23,46 @@
 #
 # For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
 #
-# Daily API coherence checker across Z3's multi-language bindings
+# Daily API coherence checker across Z3's multi-language bindings including Rust
 #
-# frontmatter-hash: e53ce6f0cd7901bff40d3607d06003f74c529f9af3fc45ac457d8d2c4b5aebf3
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
 
 name: "API Coherence Checker"
-"on":
+on:
   schedule:
-  - cron: "4 15 * * *"
+  - cron: "35 3 * * *"
     # Friendly format: daily (scattered)
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
 
 permissions: {}
 
@@ -43,420 +75,674 @@ jobs:
   activation:
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
+      actions: read
       contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
       comment_id: ""
       comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.1
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
         env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "api-coherence-checker.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-apicoherencechecker-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-apicoherencechecker-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "api-coherence-checker"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "api-coherence-checker.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_99252b694f086c37_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_99252b694f086c37_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_99252b694f086c37_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_99252b694f086c37_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_99252b694f086c37_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_99252b694f086c37_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_99252b694f086c37_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_99252b694f086c37_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
 
   agent:
     needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions: read-all
     concurrency:
       group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
     env:
       DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
       GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
       GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: apicoherencechecker
     outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
       checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
       output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
       output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.1
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
       - name: Create cache-memory directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
       - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
-          key: memory-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
           restore-keys: |
-            memory-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Checkout PR branch
         id: checkout-pr
         if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.410",
-              cli_version: "v0.45.0",
-              workflow_name: "API Coherence Checker",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.18.0",
-              awmg_version: "v0.1.4",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.410
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.18.0
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
         id: determine-automatic-lockdown
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
         env:
           GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
             await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
       - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.18.0 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.18.0 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 ghcr.io/github/serena-mcp-server:latest node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_discussion":{"expires":168,"max":1},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_e235bb8262de69a6_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[API Coherence] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_e235bb8262de69a6_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
             {
-              "description": "Create a GitHub discussion for announcements, Q\u0026A, reports, status updates, or community conversations. Use this for content that benefits from threaded replies, doesn't require task tracking, or serves as documentation. For actionable work items that need assignment and status tracking, use create_issue instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[API Coherence] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\".",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[API Coherence] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
                   "body": {
-                    "description": "Discussion content in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the discussion's h1. Include all relevant context, findings, or questions.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
                   },
                   "category": {
-                    "description": "Discussion category by name (e.g., 'General'), slug (e.g., 'general'), or ID. If omitted, uses the first available category. Category must exist in the repository.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise discussion title summarizing the topic. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "create_discussion"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
                   "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   },
                   "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_discussion": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "category": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
                 }
               }
             }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
       - name: Start MCP Gateway
         id: start-mcp-gateway
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
           GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
           
           # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
           echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
           export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
           mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
           export DEBUG="*"
           
           export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
           
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
           {
             "mcpServers": {
               "github": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
                 "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
                   "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
                   "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
                 }
               },
               "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
-                }
-              },
-              "serena": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/serena-mcp-server:latest",
-                "args": ["--network", "host"],
-                "entrypoint": "serena",
-                "entrypointArgs": ["start-mcp-server", "--context", "codex", "--project", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
-                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw"]
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
               }
             },
             "gateway": {
@@ -466,207 +752,112 @@ jobs:
               "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
             }
           }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Temporary IDs: Some safe output tools support a temporary ID field (usually named temporary_id) so you can reference newly-created items elsewhere in the SAME agent output (for example, using #aw_abc1 in a later body). 
-          
-          **IMPORTANT - temporary_id format rules:**
-          - If you DON'T need to reference the item later, OMIT the temporary_id field entirely (it will be auto-generated if needed)
-          - If you DO need cross-references/chaining, you MUST match this EXACT validation regex: /^aw_[A-Za-z0-9]{3,8}$/i
-          - Format: aw_ prefix followed by 3 to 8 alphanumeric characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, case-insensitive)
-          - Valid alphanumeric characters: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789
-          - INVALID examples: aw_ab (too short), aw_123456789 (too long), aw_test-id (contains hyphen), aw_id_123 (contains underscore)
-          - VALID examples: aw_abc, aw_abc1, aw_Test123, aw_A1B2C3D4, aw_12345678
-          - To generate valid IDs: use 3-8 random alphanumeric characters or omit the field to let the system auto-generate
-          
-          Do NOT invent other aw_* formats — downstream steps will reject them with validation errors matching against /^aw_[A-Za-z0-9]{3,8}$/i.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
             setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
         id: agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
         timeout-minutes: 30
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.18.0 --skip-pull \
-            -- /bin/bash -c '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 30
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
       - name: Stop MCP Gateway
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
@@ -675,15 +866,15 @@ jobs:
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
           GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
         run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
       - name: Redact secrets in logs
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
             await main();
         env:
           GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
@@ -691,62 +882,51 @@ jobs:
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
+      - name: Append agent step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Ingest agent output
         id: collect_output
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
           GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
           GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
       - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Print firewall logs
         if: always()
@@ -754,34 +934,83 @@ jobs:
         env:
           AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
         run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
           # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
           # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
           if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
             awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
           else
             echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
           fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
       - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         if: always()
         with:
           name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
       - name: Upload agent artifacts
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
+          name: agent
           path: |
             /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
             /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
           if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   conclusion:
@@ -791,269 +1020,646 @@ jobs:
       - detection
       - safe_outputs
       - update_cache_memory
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       discussions: write
       issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-api-coherence-checker"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
       noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
       tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
       total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.1
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-apicoherencechecker-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-apicoherencechecker-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-apicoherencechecker-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
         id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "api-coherence-checker"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
         id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md"
           GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "api-coherence-checker"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
           GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
           GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
           GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "30"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
             await main();
 
   detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.1
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
-          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Daily API coherence checker across Z3's multi-language bindings"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Daily API coherence checker across Z3's multi-language bindings including Rust"
           HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
         run: |
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
           touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.410
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
         timeout-minutes: 20
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
+          name: detection
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
           if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
 
   safe_outputs:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       discussions: write
       issues: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/api-coherence-checker"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "api-coherence-checker"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md"
     outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
       create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
       create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
       process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
       process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.1
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Process Safe Outputs
         id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[API Coherence] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[API Coherence] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   update_cache_memory:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: always() && needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: apicoherencechecker
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@v0.45.1
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "API Coherence Checker"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         continue-on-error: true
         with:
           name: cache-memory
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
       - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
-        uses: actions/cache/save@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
-          key: memory-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md b/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md
index 344193a834..fc904822a4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md
+++ b/.github/workflows/api-coherence-checker.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-description: Daily API coherence checker across Z3's multi-language bindings
+description: Daily API coherence checker across Z3's multi-language bindings including Rust
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -13,24 +13,27 @@ network: defaults
 
 tools:
   cache-memory: true
-  serena: ["java", "python", "typescript", "csharp"]
   github:
     toolsets: [default]
   bash: [":*"]
   edit: {}
-  glob: {}
   web-search: {}
 
 safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
   create-discussion:
     title-prefix: "[API Coherence] "
     category: "Agentic Workflows"
     close-older-discussions: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
   github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
 steps:
   - name: Checkout repository
-    uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      persist-credentials: false
 
 ---
 
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ steps:
 
 Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert AI agent tasked with checking coherence between the APIs exposed for different programming languages in the Z3 theorem prover repository `${{ github.repository }}`.
 
-Z3 provides bindings for multiple languages: **Java**, **.NET (C#)**, **C++**, **Python**, **TypeScript/JavaScript**, **OCaml**, and **Go**. Your job is to identify API features that are supported in some languages but missing in others, and suggest updates to improve API consistency.
+Z3 provides bindings for multiple languages: **Java**, **.NET (C#)**, **C++**, **Python**, **TypeScript/JavaScript**, **OCaml**, **Go**, and **Rust** (via the external [`z3` crate](https://github.com/prove-rs/z3.rs)). Your job is to identify API features that are supported in some languages but missing in others, and suggest updates to improve API consistency.
 
 ## Your Task
 
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ The API implementations are located in:
 - **TypeScript/JavaScript**: `src/api/js/src/**/*.ts`
 - **OCaml**: `src/api/ml/*.ml` and `*.mli` (interface files)
 - **Go**: `src/api/go/*.go` (CGO bindings)
+- **Rust**: External repository [`prove-rs/z3.rs`](https://github.com/prove-rs/z3.rs). Clone it with `git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/prove-rs/z3.rs /tmp/z3.rs` and analyze the high-level `z3` crate in `/tmp/z3.rs/z3/src/`. The low-level `z3-sys` crate at `/tmp/z3.rs/z3-sys/` mirrors the C API and can be used to identify which C functions are exposed.
 
 ### 4. Analyze API Coherence
 
@@ -94,6 +98,7 @@ For each selected API family:
    - **C++**: Use grep/glob to search for function declarations in `z3++.h`
    - **OCaml**: Use grep/glob to search for function definitions in `.ml` and `.mli` files
    - **Go**: Use grep/glob to search for function and method definitions in `src/api/go/*.go` files
+   - **Rust**: Clone the external repo (`git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/prove-rs/z3.rs /tmp/z3.rs`) and use grep/glob to search for public types, methods, functions, traits, and trait implementations in `/tmp/z3.rs/z3/src/*.rs`. Note that trait implementations (`impl Trait for Type`) do not use the `pub` keyword in Rust but are as public as the type and trait themselves, so search for `impl ` patterns in addition to `pub ` patterns to find them.
 
 3. **Compare implementations** across languages:
    - Is the same functionality available in all languages?
@@ -170,7 +175,7 @@ Store in cache memory:
 ## Summary
 Analyzed: Solver APIs, BitVector operations, Context creation
 Total functions checked: 18
-Languages covered: 7
+Languages covered: 8
 Previously cached issues resolved: 2
 Inconsistencies found: 7
 
@@ -188,7 +193,7 @@ The following cached issues have been resolved since the last run:
 
 ### 1. Missing BitVector Sign Extension in TypeScript
 **What**: Bit sign extension function `Z3_mk_sign_ext` is not exposed in TypeScript
-**Available in**: C, C++, Python, .NET, Java, Go
+**Available in**: C, C++, Python, .NET, Java, Go, Rust
 **Missing in**: TypeScript
 **Fix**: Add `signExt(int i)` method to `BitVecExpr` class
 **File**: `src/api/js/src/high-level/`
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml
index a7c3038a2b..5c5ba17f62 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"8e86ba4261f8c71ab0e24c7d0bc7edf67727e4be5859ff2fdaf6678076207eab","body_hash":"8922ba3a21444e84982af2576e34d4b4ef553ca0655a384c58f9d05712e92a11","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_CI_TRIGGER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
 #
 #    ___                   _   _      
 #   / _ \                 | | (_)     
@@ -13,22 +16,54 @@
 # \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
 #  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
 #
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.43.15). DO NOT EDIT.
 #
 # To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
 #   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
 #
 # Automatically builds Z3 directly and fixes detected build warnings
 #
-# frontmatter-hash: 8b0dff2ea86746229278e436b3de6a4d6868c48ea5aecca3aad131d326a4c819
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_CI_TRIGGER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
 
 name: "Build Warning Fixer"
-"on":
+on:
   schedule:
-  - cron: "15 7 * * *"
+  - cron: "51 9 * * *"
     # Friendly format: daily (scattered)
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
 
 permissions: {}
 
@@ -41,411 +76,659 @@ jobs:
   activation:
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
+      actions: read
       contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
       comment_id: ""
       comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
         env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "build-warning-fixer.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-buildwarningfixer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-buildwarningfixer-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "build-warning-fixer"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "build-warning-fixer.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_pull_request, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_create_pull_request.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF'
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a12b000ae128b391_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
 
   agent:
     needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions: read-all
     concurrency:
       group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
     env:
       DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
       GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
       GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: buildwarningfixer
     outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
       checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
       output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
       output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Checkout PR branch
         id: checkout-pr
         if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.407",
-              cli_version: "v0.43.15",
-              workflow_name: "Build Warning Fixer",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.16.1",
-              awmg_version: "",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.16.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
         env:
-          TOKEN_CHECK: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TOKEN_CHECK != ''
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
             await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
       - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_missing_tool_issue":{"max":1,"title_prefix":"[missing tool]"},"create_pull_request":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_9662473be8d97bf8_EOF'
+          {"create_pull_request":{"if_no_changes":"ignore","max":1,"max_patch_files":100,"max_patch_size":4096,"protect_top_level_dot_folders":true,"protected_files":["package.json","bun.lockb","bunfig.toml","deno.json","deno.jsonc","deno.lock","global.json","NuGet.Config","Directory.Packages.props","mix.exs","mix.lock","go.mod","go.sum","stack.yaml","stack.yaml.lock","pom.xml","build.gradle","build.gradle.kts","settings.gradle","settings.gradle.kts","gradle.properties","package-lock.json","yarn.lock","pnpm-lock.yaml","npm-shrinkwrap.json","requirements.txt","Pipfile","Pipfile.lock","pyproject.toml","setup.py","setup.cfg","Gemfile","Gemfile.lock","uv.lock","CODEOWNERS","DESIGN.md","README.md","CONTRIBUTING.md","CHANGELOG.md","SECURITY.md","CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","AGENTS.md","CLAUDE.md","GEMINI.md"],"protected_files_policy":"request_review"},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_9662473be8d97bf8_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
             {
-              "description": "Create a new GitHub pull request to propose code changes. Use this after making file edits to submit them for review and merging. The PR will be created from the current branch with your committed changes. For code review comments on an existing PR, use create_pull_request_review_comment instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 pull request(s) can be created.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_pull_request": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 pull request(s) can be created."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_pull_request": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "base": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
                   "body": {
-                    "description": "Detailed PR description in Markdown. Include what changes were made, why, testing notes, and any breaking changes. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
                   },
                   "branch": {
-                    "description": "Source branch name containing the changes. If omitted, uses the current working branch.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "draft": {
+                    "type": "boolean"
                   },
                   "labels": {
-                    "description": "Labels to categorize the PR (e.g., 'enhancement', 'bugfix'). Labels must exist in the repository.",
-                    "items": {
-                      "type": "string"
-                    },
-                    "type": "array"
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "itemType": "string",
+                    "itemSanitize": true,
+                    "itemMaxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise PR title describing the changes. Follow repository conventions (e.g., conventional commits). The title appears as the main heading.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "create_pull_request"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
                   "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   },
                   "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_pull_request": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "branch": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "labels": {
-                  "type": "array",
-                  "itemType": "string",
-                  "itemSanitize": true,
-                  "itemMaxLength": 128
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
                 }
               }
             }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
         id: start-mcp-gateway
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
           GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
           
           # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
           echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
           export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
           mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
           export DEBUG="*"
           
           export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
           
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
           {
             "mcpServers": {
               "github": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
                 "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
                   "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
                   "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
                 }
               },
               "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
                 }
               }
             },
@@ -456,183 +739,113 @@ jobs:
               "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
             }
           }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
             setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
         id: agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
         timeout-minutes: 60
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.16.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' \
-            2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 60
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP gateway
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
         env:
@@ -640,15 +853,15 @@ jobs:
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
           GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
         run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
       - name: Redact secrets in logs
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
             await main();
         env:
           GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
@@ -656,61 +869,51 @@ jobs:
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
+      - name: Append agent step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Ingest agent output
         id: collect_output
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
           GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
           GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
       - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP gateway logs for step summary
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Print firewall logs
         if: always()
@@ -718,24 +921,65 @@ jobs:
         env:
           AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
         run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
           # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
       - name: Upload agent artifacts
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
+          name: agent
           path: |
             /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
             /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
           if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   conclusion:
@@ -744,305 +988,617 @@ jobs:
       - agent
       - detection
       - safe_outputs
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
-      contents: read
-      discussions: write
+      contents: write
       issues: write
       pull-requests: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-build-warning-fixer"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
       noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
       tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
       total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
-        id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-buildwarningfixer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-buildwarningfixer-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-buildwarningfixer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "build-warning-fixer"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
-        id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
           GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md"
           GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "build-warning-fixer"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
           GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CODE_PUSH_FAILURE_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CODE_PUSH_FAILURE_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "60"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle Create Pull Request Error
-        id: handle_create_pr_error
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_create_pr_error.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Update reaction comment with completion status
-        id: conclusion
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_REPO: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_repo }}
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.result }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/notify_comment_error.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
             await main();
 
   detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
           WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Automatically builds Z3 directly and fixes detected build warnings"
           HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
         run: |
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
           touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
         timeout-minutes: 20
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
+          name: detection
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
           if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
 
   safe_outputs:
     needs:
       - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: write
       issues: write
       pull-requests: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/build-warning-fixer"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "build-warning-fixer"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md"
     outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
       create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
       create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      created_pr_number: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_pr_number }}
+      created_pr_url: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_pr_url }}
       process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
       process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Build Warning Fixer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Download patch artifact
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
+          name: agent
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Checkout repository
-        if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (contains(needs.agent.outputs.output_types, 'create_pull_request'))
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v6.0.2
+        if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && contains(needs.agent.outputs.output_types, 'create_pull_request')
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
-          token: ${{ github.token }}
-          persist-credentials: false
-          fetch-depth: 1
+          persist-credentials: true
+          token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Configure Git credentials
-        if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (contains(needs.agent.outputs.output_types, 'create_pull_request'))
+        if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && contains(needs.agent.outputs.output_types, 'create_pull_request')
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-          GIT_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${GIT_TOKEN}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GIT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Process Safe Outputs
         id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_pull_request\":{\"base_branch\":\"${{ github.ref_name }}\",\"if_no_changes\":\"ignore\",\"max\":1,\"max_patch_size\":1024},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_pull_request\":{\"if_no_changes\":\"ignore\",\"max\":1,\"max_patch_files\":100,\"max_patch_size\":4096,\"protect_top_level_dot_folders\":true,\"protected_files\":[\"package.json\",\"bun.lockb\",\"bunfig.toml\",\"deno.json\",\"deno.jsonc\",\"deno.lock\",\"global.json\",\"NuGet.Config\",\"Directory.Packages.props\",\"mix.exs\",\"mix.lock\",\"go.mod\",\"go.sum\",\"stack.yaml\",\"stack.yaml.lock\",\"pom.xml\",\"build.gradle\",\"build.gradle.kts\",\"settings.gradle\",\"settings.gradle.kts\",\"gradle.properties\",\"package-lock.json\",\"yarn.lock\",\"pnpm-lock.yaml\",\"npm-shrinkwrap.json\",\"requirements.txt\",\"Pipfile\",\"Pipfile.lock\",\"pyproject.toml\",\"setup.py\",\"setup.cfg\",\"Gemfile\",\"Gemfile.lock\",\"uv.lock\",\"CODEOWNERS\",\"DESIGN.md\",\"README.md\",\"CONTRIBUTING.md\",\"CHANGELOG.md\",\"SECURITY.md\",\"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md\",\"AGENTS.md\",\"CLAUDE.md\",\"GEMINI.md\"],\"protected_files_policy\":\"request_review\"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_CI_TRIGGER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_CI_TRIGGER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md b/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md
index 3f23696097..12aa9841bf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-warning-fixer.md
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
 permissions: read-all
 tools:
-  view: {}
-  glob: {}
   edit:
   bash: true
 safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
   create-pull-request:
     if-no-changes: ignore
   missing-tool:
     create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
 timeout-minutes: 60
 ---
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-z3-cache.yml b/.github/workflows/build-z3-cache.yml
index 4f3ce7089f..74b91750a8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-z3-cache.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-z3-cache.yml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
     
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Restore or create cache
         id: cache-z3
-        uses: actions/cache@v5.0.3
+        uses: actions/cache@v6.1.0
         with:
           path: |
             build/z3
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 498658f31b..67ed3e4796 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
             runRegressions: false
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -e
           cd build
-          make -j3
-          make -j3 examples
-          make -j3 test-z3
+          make -j$(nproc)
+          make -j$(nproc) examples
+          make -j$(nproc) test-z3
           cd ..
 
       - name: Run unit tests
@@ -81,10 +81,18 @@ jobs:
     container: "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:latest"
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Select Python
+        run: |
+          # Use the first available manylinux interpreter for deterministic selection.
+          PYTHON=$(printf '%s\n' /opt/python/*/bin/python | sort -V | head -n1)
+          test -x "$PYTHON" || { echo "Error: no interpreter found under /opt/python/*/bin/python"; exit 1; }
+          echo "PYTHON=$PYTHON" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          "$PYTHON" --version
 
       - name: Setup Python virtual environment
-        run: "/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python -m venv $PWD/env"
+        run: "$PYTHON -m venv $PWD/env"
 
       - name: Install build dependencies
         run: |
@@ -113,7 +121,7 @@ jobs:
     container: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Download ARM toolchain
         run: curl -L -o /tmp/arm-toolchain.tar.xz 'https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu/13.3.rel1/binrel/arm-gnu-toolchain-13.3.rel1-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu.tar.xz'
@@ -123,8 +131,16 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p /tmp/arm-toolchain/
           tar xf /tmp/arm-toolchain.tar.xz -C /tmp/arm-toolchain/ --strip-components=1
 
+      - name: Select Python
+        run: |
+          # Use the first available manylinux interpreter for deterministic selection.
+          PYTHON=$(printf '%s\n' /opt/python/*/bin/python | sort -V | head -n1)
+          test -x "$PYTHON" || { echo "Error: no interpreter found under /opt/python/*/bin/python"; exit 1; }
+          echo "PYTHON=$PYTHON" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          "$PYTHON" --version
+
       - name: Setup Python virtual environment
-        run: "/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python -m venv $PWD/env"
+        run: "$PYTHON -m venv $PWD/env"
 
       - name: Install build dependencies
         run: |
@@ -149,7 +165,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup OCaml
         uses: ocaml/setup-ocaml@v3
@@ -171,9 +187,9 @@ jobs:
           set -e
           cd build
           eval `opam config env`
-          make -j3
-          make -j3 examples
-          make -j3 test-z3
+          make -j$(nproc)
+          make -j$(nproc) examples
+          make -j$(nproc) test-z3
           cd ..
 
       - name: Install Z3 OCaml package
@@ -204,7 +220,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup OCaml
         uses: ocaml/setup-ocaml@v3
@@ -226,21 +242,33 @@ jobs:
           set -e
           cd build
           eval `opam config env`
-          make -j3
-          make -j3 examples
-          make -j3 test-z3
+          make -j$(nproc)
+          make -j$(nproc) examples
+          make -j$(nproc) test-z3
           cd ..
 
       - name: Install Z3 OCaml package
-        run: eval `opam config env`; ocamlfind install z3-static build/api/ml/* build/libz3-static.a
+        run: |
+          eval `opam config env`
+          ocamlfind install z3-static build/api/ml/* build/libz3-static.a
+          # Ensure the stublibs directory where dllz3ml-static.so was installed is
+          # listed in ld.conf so the OCaml bytecode linker can find it.  When no
+          # explicit -dll flag is passed, ocamlfind installs dll* files to stublibs
+          # but may not update ld.conf, causing "Fatal error: exception End_of_file"
+          # in ocamlc when it cannot locate the stub shared library at link time.
+          STUBLIBS="$(ocamlfind printconf destdir)/stublibs"
+          LDCONF="$(ocamlfind printconf ldconf)"
+          if [ -d "$STUBLIBS" ] && ! grep -qF "$STUBLIBS" "$LDCONF" 2>/dev/null; then
+            echo "$STUBLIBS" >> "$LDCONF"
+          fi
 
       - name: Build and run OCaml examples
         run: |
           set -e
           cd build
           eval `opam config env`
-          make -j3
-          make -j3 _ex_ml_example_post_install
+          make -j$(nproc)
+          make -j$(nproc) _ex_ml_example_post_install
           ./ml_example_static.byte
           ./ml_example_static_custom.byte
           ./ml_example_static
@@ -298,7 +326,7 @@ jobs:
             runTests: false
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -309,13 +337,13 @@ jobs:
         run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build
 
       - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version: '1.20'
 
       - name: Setup Julia (if needed)
         if: matrix.name == 'debugClang'
-        uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@v2
+        uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@v3
         with:
           version: '1'
 
@@ -388,7 +416,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -402,9 +430,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -e
           cd build
-          make -j3
-          make -j3 examples
-          make -j3 test-z3
+          JOBS=$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN 2>/dev/null || sysctl -n hw.ncpu || echo 1)
+          make -j"$JOBS"
+          make -j"$JOBS" examples
+          make -j"$JOBS" test-z3
           ./cpp_example
           ./c_example
           cd ..
@@ -415,6 +444,79 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run regressions
         run: python z3test/scripts/test_benchmarks.py build/z3 z3test/regressions/smt2
 
+      - name: Validate JNI library architecture matches host
+        run: |
+          echo "Checking libz3java.dylib architecture..."
+          ARCH=$(lipo -archs build/libz3java.dylib)
+          HOST_ARCH=$(uname -m)
+          echo "libz3java.dylib arch: $ARCH  |  host arch: $HOST_ARCH"
+          if [ "$ARCH" != "$HOST_ARCH" ]; then
+            echo "ERROR: libz3java.dylib has arch '$ARCH' but host is '$HOST_ARCH'"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "OK: libz3java.dylib correctly built for $HOST_ARCH"
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # macOS JNI cross-compilation validation (ARM64 host -> x86_64 target)
+  # ============================================================================
+  macos-jni-cross-compile:
+    name: "MacOS JNI cross-compile (ARM64 -> x64) architecture validation"
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 90
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Configure (cross-compile ARM64 host -> x86_64 target)
+        run: |
+          CXXFLAGS="-arch x86_64" CFLAGS="-arch x86_64" LDFLAGS="-arch x86_64" \
+            python scripts/mk_make.py --java --arm64=false
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          cd build
+          NPROC=$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN 2>/dev/null || sysctl -n hw.ncpu 2>/dev/null || echo 1)
+          make -j"$NPROC" libz3java.dylib
+          cd ..
+
+      - name: Validate libz3java.dylib is x86_64
+        run: |
+          echo "Checking libz3java.dylib architecture..."
+          ARCH=$(lipo -archs build/libz3java.dylib)
+          echo "libz3java.dylib architecture: $ARCH"
+          if [ "$ARCH" != "x86_64" ]; then
+            echo "ERROR: Expected x86_64 (cross-compiled target), got: $ARCH"
+            echo "This is the regression fixed in: JNI bindings use wrong architecture in macOS cross-compilation"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "OK: libz3java.dylib correctly built for x86_64 target on ARM64 host"
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # Python script unit tests (build-script logic validation)
+  # ============================================================================
+  python-script-tests:
+    name: "Python build-script unit tests"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Run Python script unit tests
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: python -m unittest discover -s scripts/tests -p "test_*.py" -v
+
   # ============================================================================
   # macOS CMake Builds
   # ============================================================================
@@ -424,7 +526,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
diff --git a/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml
index f9aa6f61a5..73c5eb562e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"a1e7df27a986a57ddd77f861fa68976adbc3681d7cc69d0e43c810f7b792c2ce","body_hash":"786421ca60f296f148d0061dfa650e680d6fb50909bb376ab32449451f308862","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
 #
 #    ___                   _   _      
 #   / _ \                 | | (_)     
@@ -13,21 +16,53 @@
 # \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
 #  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
 #
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.43.15). DO NOT EDIT.
 #
 # To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
 #   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
 #
 # Analyzes Z3 codebase for consistent coding conventions and opportunities to use modern C++ features
 #
-# frontmatter-hash: d05f34786eaa2cdf9876afd0f2bd7862fe836d11831357c9f856528106549774
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
 
 name: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
-"on":
+on:
   schedule:
-  - cron: "0 0 * * *"
+  - cron: "8 3 * * *"
+    # Friendly format: daily (scattered)
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
 
 permissions: {}
 
@@ -40,484 +75,705 @@ jobs:
   activation:
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
+      actions: read
       contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
       comment_id: ""
       comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
         env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-codeconventionsanalyzer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-codeconventionsanalyzer-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "code-conventions-analyzer"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_0d9c44c568612b4f_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_0d9c44c568612b4f_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_0d9c44c568612b4f_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_issue(max:5), create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_0d9c44c568612b4f_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_0d9c44c568612b4f_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_0d9c44c568612b4f_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_0d9c44c568612b4f_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_0d9c44c568612b4f_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
 
   agent:
     needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions: read-all
     concurrency:
       group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
     env:
       DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
       GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
       GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: codeconventionsanalyzer
     outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
       checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
       output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
       output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
       # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
       - name: Create cache-memory directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
       - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
-          key: memory-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
           restore-keys: |
-            memory-${{ github.workflow }}-
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Checkout PR branch
         id: checkout-pr
         if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.407",
-              cli_version: "v0.43.15",
-              workflow_name: "Code Conventions Analyzer",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.16.1",
-              awmg_version: "",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.16.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
         env:
-          TOKEN_CHECK: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TOKEN_CHECK != ''
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
             await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
       - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_discussion":{"expires":168,"max":1},"create_issue":{"max":5},"create_missing_tool_issue":{"max":1,"title_prefix":"[missing tool]"},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_9657f5efa0269c9b_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"Code Conventions Analysis"},"create_issue":{"labels":["code-quality","automated"],"max":5,"title_prefix":"[Conventions] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_9657f5efa0269c9b_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
             {
-              "description": "Create a new GitHub issue for tracking bugs, feature requests, or tasks. Use this for actionable work items that need assignment, labeling, and status tracking. For reports, announcements, or status updates that don't require task tracking, use create_discussion instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 5 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Conventions] \". Labels [code-quality automated] will be automatically added.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "body": {
-                    "description": "Detailed issue description in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the issue's h1. Include context, reproduction steps, or acceptance criteria as appropriate.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "labels": {
-                    "description": "Labels to categorize the issue (e.g., 'bug', 'enhancement'). Labels must exist in the repository.",
-                    "items": {
-                      "type": "string"
-                    },
-                    "type": "array"
-                  },
-                  "parent": {
-                    "description": "Parent issue number for creating sub-issues. This is the numeric ID from the GitHub URL (e.g., 42 in github.com/owner/repo/issues/42). Can also be a temporary_id (e.g., 'aw_abc123def456') from a previously created issue in the same workflow run.",
-                    "type": [
-                      "number",
-                      "string"
-                    ]
-                  },
-                  "temporary_id": {
-                    "description": "Unique temporary identifier for referencing this issue before it's created. Format: 'aw_' followed by 12 hex characters (e.g., 'aw_abc123def456'). Use '#aw_ID' in body text to reference other issues by their temporary_id; these are replaced with actual issue numbers after creation.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise issue title summarizing the bug, feature, or task. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"Code Conventions Analysis\". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\".",
+                "create_issue": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 5 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Conventions] \". Labels [\"code-quality\" \"automated\"] will be automatically added."
               },
-              "name": "create_issue"
-            },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
             {
-              "description": "Create a GitHub discussion for announcements, Q\u0026A, reports, status updates, or community conversations. Use this for content that benefits from threaded replies, doesn't require task tracking, or serves as documentation. For actionable work items that need assignment and status tracking, use create_issue instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"Code Conventions Analysis\". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\".",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
                   "body": {
-                    "description": "Discussion content in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the discussion's h1. Include all relevant context, findings, or questions.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
                   },
                   "category": {
-                    "description": "Discussion category by name (e.g., 'General'), slug (e.g., 'general'), or ID. If omitted, uses the first available category. Category must exist in the repository.",
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "create_issue": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 20
+                  },
+                  "fields": {
+                    "type": "array"
+                  },
+                  "labels": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "itemType": "string",
+                    "itemSanitize": true,
+                    "itemMaxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "parent": {
+                    "issueOrPRNumber": true
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "temporary_id": {
                     "type": "string"
                   },
                   "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise discussion title summarizing the topic. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "create_discussion"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
                   "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   },
                   "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_discussion": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "category": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "create_issue": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "labels": {
-                  "type": "array",
-                  "itemType": "string",
-                  "itemSanitize": true,
-                  "itemMaxLength": 128
-                },
-                "parent": {
-                  "issueOrPRNumber": true
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "temporary_id": {
-                  "type": "string"
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
                 }
               }
             }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
         id: start-mcp-gateway
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
           GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
           
           # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
           echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
           export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
           mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
           export DEBUG="*"
           
           export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
           
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
           {
             "mcpServers": {
               "github": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
                 "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
                   "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
                   "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
                 }
               },
               "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
                 }
               }
             },
@@ -528,140 +784,28 @@ jobs:
               "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
             }
           }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
             setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
         id: agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
@@ -677,7 +821,9 @@ jobs:
         # --allow-tool shell(grep)
         # --allow-tool shell(head)
         # --allow-tool shell(ls)
+        # --allow-tool shell(printf)
         # --allow-tool shell(pwd)
+        # --allow-tool shell(safeoutputs:*)
         # --allow-tool shell(sort)
         # --allow-tool shell(tail)
         # --allow-tool shell(uniq)
@@ -687,50 +833,85 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 20
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.16.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool github --allow-tool safeoutputs --allow-tool '\''shell(cat)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(clang-format --version)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(date)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(echo)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git diff:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git log:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git show:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(grep)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(head)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(ls)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(pwd)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(sort)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(tail)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(uniq)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(wc)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(yq)'\'' --allow-tool write --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' \
-            2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-tool github --allow-tool safeoutputs --allow-tool '\''shell(cat)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(clang-format --version)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(date)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(echo)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git diff:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git log:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git show:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(grep)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(head)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(ls)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(printf)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(pwd)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(safeoutputs:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(sort)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(tail)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(uniq)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(wc)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(yq)'\'' --allow-tool write --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP gateway
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
         env:
@@ -738,15 +919,15 @@ jobs:
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
           GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
         run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
       - name: Redact secrets in logs
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
             await main();
         env:
           GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
@@ -754,61 +935,51 @@ jobs:
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
+      - name: Append agent step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Ingest agent output
         id: collect_output
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
           GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
           GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
       - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP gateway logs for step summary
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Print firewall logs
         if: always()
@@ -816,29 +987,83 @@ jobs:
         env:
           AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
         run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
           # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
       - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         if: always()
         with:
           name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
       - name: Upload agent artifacts
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
+          name: agent
           path: |
             /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
             /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
           if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   conclusion:
@@ -848,290 +1073,649 @@ jobs:
       - detection
       - safe_outputs
       - update_cache_memory
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       discussions: write
       issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-code-conventions-analyzer"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
       noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
       tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
       total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
-        id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-codeconventionsanalyzer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-codeconventionsanalyzer-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-codeconventionsanalyzer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "code-conventions-analyzer"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
-        id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
           GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md"
           GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "code-conventions-analyzer"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
           GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
           GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
           GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "20"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Update reaction comment with completion status
-        id: conclusion
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_REPO: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_repo }}
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.result }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/notify_comment_error.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
             await main();
 
   detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
           WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Analyzes Z3 codebase for consistent coding conventions and opportunities to use modern C++ features"
           HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
         run: |
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
           touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
         timeout-minutes: 20
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
+          name: detection
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
           if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
 
   safe_outputs:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       discussions: write
       issues: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/code-conventions-analyzer"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "code-conventions-analyzer"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md"
     outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
       create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
       create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      created_issue_number: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_number }}
+      created_issue_url: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_url }}
       process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
       process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Process Safe Outputs
         id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"Code Conventions Analysis\"},\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"code-quality\",\"automated\"],\"max\":5,\"title_prefix\":\"[Conventions] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"Code Conventions Analysis\"},\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"code-quality\",\"automated\"],\"max\":5,\"title_prefix\":\"[Conventions] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   update_cache_memory:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: always() && needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: codeconventionsanalyzer
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Conventions Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         continue-on-error: true
         with:
           name: cache-memory
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
       - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
-        uses: actions/cache/save@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
-          key: memory-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md b/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md
index 35f1f209ef..1cd9872cc4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md
+++ b/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 ---
 description: Analyzes Z3 codebase for consistent coding conventions and opportunities to use modern C++ features
 on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * *"  # Once daily at midnight UTC
+  schedule: daily
   workflow_dispatch:
 permissions: read-all
 tools:
   cache-memory: true
   github:
     toolsets: [default]
-  view: {}
-  glob: {}
   edit: {}
   bash:
     - "clang-format --version"
@@ -18,6 +15,7 @@ tools:
     - "git diff:*"
     - "git show:*"
 safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
   create-issue:
     title-prefix: "[Conventions] "
     labels: [code-quality, automated]
@@ -28,6 +26,8 @@ safe-outputs:
     close-older-discussions: true
   missing-tool:
     create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
 network: defaults
 timeout-minutes: 20
 ---
diff --git a/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml
index 92094c65cf..1152ef3637 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"43d46b9fb0525b484e4cd15d3251010e0b2b854cb91a250eb32c44c5402c5985","body_hash":"368645de189baaa1bf33102a20d4c9ea646e5ed15d3d2bffaf4b221f6c97b73b","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_CI_TRIGGER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
 #
 #    ___                   _   _      
 #   / _ \                 | | (_)     
@@ -13,24 +16,57 @@
 # \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
 #  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
 #
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.43.15). DO NOT EDIT.
 #
-# To update this file, edit github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b and run:
+# To update this file, edit github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404 and run:
 #   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
 #
 # Analyzes recently modified code and creates pull requests with simplifications that improve clarity, consistency, and maintainability while preserving functionality
 #
-# Source: github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b
+# Source: github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404
 #
-# frontmatter-hash: 1c0c4c191cbfebf7496722aa00bc84f536fa50dd93a9071c938661172f1d7f11
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_CI_TRIGGER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
 
 name: "Code Simplifier"
-"on":
+on:
   schedule:
-  - cron: "0 0 * * *"
+  - cron: "10 4 * * *"
+    # Friendly format: daily (scattered)
   # skip-if-match: is:pr is:open in:title "[code-simplifier]" # Skip-if-match processed as search check in pre-activation job
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
 
 permissions: {}
 
@@ -45,28 +81,316 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.pre_activation.outputs.activated == 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
+      actions: read
       contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
       comment_id: ""
       comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.pre_activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.pre_activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.pre_activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
         env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "code-simplifier.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_BODY_MODIFIED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["go"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_INFO_FRONTMATTER_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404"
+          GH_AW_INFO_BODY_MODIFIED: "false"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-codesimplifier-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-codesimplifier-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "code-simplifier"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "code-simplifier.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_pull_request, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_create_pull_request.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF'
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/code-simplifier.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_167a1d7db01aeead_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+          GH_AW_NEEDS_PRE_ACTIVATION_OUTPUTS_ACTIVATED: ${{ needs.pre_activation.outputs.activated }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST,
+                GH_AW_NEEDS_PRE_ACTIVATION_OUTPUTS_ACTIVATED: process.env.GH_AW_NEEDS_PRE_ACTIVATION_OUTPUTS_ACTIVATED
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
 
   agent:
     needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
       contents: read
@@ -74,396 +398,355 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: read
     concurrency:
       group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
     env:
       DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
       GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
       GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: codesimplifier
     outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
       checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
       output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
       output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_BODY_MODIFIED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Checkout PR branch
         id: checkout-pr
         if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.407",
-              cli_version: "v0.43.15",
-              workflow_name: "Code Simplifier",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.16.1",
-              awmg_version: "",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.16.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
         env:
-          TOKEN_CHECK: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TOKEN_CHECK != ''
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
             await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
       - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_issue":{"max":1},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_763c2ef752c48d79_EOF'
+          {"create_pull_request":{"expires":24,"labels":["refactoring","code-quality","automation"],"max":1,"max_patch_files":100,"max_patch_size":4096,"protect_top_level_dot_folders":true,"protected_files":["package.json","bun.lockb","bunfig.toml","deno.json","deno.jsonc","deno.lock","global.json","NuGet.Config","Directory.Packages.props","mix.exs","mix.lock","go.mod","go.sum","stack.yaml","stack.yaml.lock","pom.xml","build.gradle","build.gradle.kts","settings.gradle","settings.gradle.kts","gradle.properties","package-lock.json","yarn.lock","pnpm-lock.yaml","npm-shrinkwrap.json","requirements.txt","Pipfile","Pipfile.lock","pyproject.toml","setup.py","setup.cfg","Gemfile","Gemfile.lock","uv.lock","CODEOWNERS","DESIGN.md","README.md","CONTRIBUTING.md","CHANGELOG.md","SECURITY.md","CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","AGENTS.md","CLAUDE.md","GEMINI.md"],"protected_files_policy":"request_review","reviewers":["copilot"],"title_prefix":"[code-simplifier] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_763c2ef752c48d79_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
             {
-              "description": "Create a new GitHub issue for tracking bugs, feature requests, or tasks. Use this for actionable work items that need assignment, labeling, and status tracking. For reports, announcements, or status updates that don't require task tracking, use create_discussion instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[code-simplifier] \". Labels [refactoring code-quality automation] will be automatically added.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_pull_request": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 pull request(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[code-simplifier] \". Labels [\"refactoring\" \"code-quality\" \"automation\"] will be automatically added. Reviewers [\"copilot\"] will be assigned."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_pull_request": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "base": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
                   "body": {
-                    "description": "Detailed issue description in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the issue's h1. Include context, reproduction steps, or acceptance criteria as appropriate.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "branch": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "draft": {
+                    "type": "boolean"
                   },
                   "labels": {
-                    "description": "Labels to categorize the issue (e.g., 'bug', 'enhancement'). Labels must exist in the repository.",
-                    "items": {
-                      "type": "string"
-                    },
-                    "type": "array"
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "itemType": "string",
+                    "itemSanitize": true,
+                    "itemMaxLength": 128
                   },
-                  "parent": {
-                    "description": "Parent issue number for creating sub-issues. This is the numeric ID from the GitHub URL (e.g., 42 in github.com/owner/repo/issues/42). Can also be a temporary_id (e.g., 'aw_abc123def456') from a previously created issue in the same workflow run.",
-                    "type": [
-                      "number",
-                      "string"
-                    ]
-                  },
-                  "temporary_id": {
-                    "description": "Unique temporary identifier for referencing this issue before it's created. Format: 'aw_' followed by 12 hex characters (e.g., 'aw_abc123def456'). Use '#aw_ID' in body text to reference other issues by their temporary_id; these are replaced with actual issue numbers after creation.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise issue title summarizing the bug, feature, or task. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "create_issue"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
                   "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   },
                   "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_issue": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "labels": {
-                  "type": "array",
-                  "itemType": "string",
-                  "itemSanitize": true,
-                  "itemMaxLength": 128
-                },
-                "parent": {
-                  "issueOrPRNumber": true
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "temporary_id": {
-                  "type": "string"
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
                 }
               }
             }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
         id: start-mcp-gateway
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
           GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
           
           # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
           echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
           export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
           mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
           export DEBUG="*"
           
           export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
           
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
           {
             "mcpServers": {
               "github": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
                 "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
                   "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
                   "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
                 }
               },
               "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
                 }
               }
             },
@@ -474,185 +757,113 @@ jobs:
               "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
             }
           }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/code-simplifier.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
             setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
         id: agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
         timeout-minutes: 30
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.16.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' \
-            2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"go.dev\",\"golang.org\",\"goproxy.io\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"pkg.go.dev\",\"proxy.golang.org\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"storage.googleapis.com\",\"sum.golang.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 30
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP gateway
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
         env:
@@ -660,15 +871,15 @@ jobs:
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
           GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
         run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
       - name: Redact secrets in logs
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
             await main();
         env:
           GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
@@ -676,61 +887,51 @@ jobs:
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
+      - name: Append agent step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Ingest agent output
         id: collect_output
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,github.com,go.dev,golang.org,goproxy.io,host.docker.internal,pkg.go.dev,proxy.golang.org,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,storage.googleapis.com,sum.golang.org,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com"
           GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
           GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
       - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP gateway logs for step summary
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Print firewall logs
         if: always()
@@ -738,23 +939,65 @@ jobs:
         env:
           AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
         run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
           # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
       - name: Upload agent artifacts
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
+          name: agent
           path: |
             /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
             /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
           if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   conclusion:
@@ -763,312 +1006,681 @@ jobs:
       - agent
       - detection
       - safe_outputs
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
-      contents: read
-      discussions: write
+      contents: write
       issues: write
       pull-requests: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-code-simplifier"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
       noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
       tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
       total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_BODY_MODIFIED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-codesimplifier-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-codesimplifier-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-codesimplifier-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
         id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/tree/76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/blob/6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
           GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "code-simplifier"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "code-simplifier"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/blob/6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
+          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "code-simplifier"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
         id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/tree/76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/blob/6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
           GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "code-simplifier"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/tree/76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/blob/6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
+          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "code-simplifier"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/blob/6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
           GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "code-simplifier"
           GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "code-simplifier"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
           GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CODE_PUSH_FAILURE_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CODE_PUSH_FAILURE_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "30"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/tree/76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
-          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "code-simplifier"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Update reaction comment with completion status
-        id: conclusion
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_REPO: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_repo }}
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
-          GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "code-simplifier"
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.result }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/notify_comment_error.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
             await main();
 
   detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_BODY_MODIFIED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
           WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Analyzes recently modified code and creates pull requests with simplifications that improve clarity, consistency, and maintainability while preserving functionality"
           HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
         run: |
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
           touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
         timeout-minutes: 20
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
+          name: detection
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
           if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
 
   pre_activation:
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
-      activated: ${{ (steps.check_membership.outputs.is_team_member == 'true') && (steps.check_skip_if_match.outputs.skip_check_ok == 'true') }}
+      activated: ${{ steps.check_membership.outputs.is_team_member == 'true' && steps.check_skip_if_match.outputs.skip_check_ok == 'true' }}
+      matched_command: ''
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_BODY_MODIFIED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Check team membership for workflow
         id: check_membership
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_REQUIRED_ROLES: admin,maintainer,write
+          GH_AW_REQUIRED_ROLES: "admin,maintainer,write"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_membership.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_membership.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Check skip-if-match query
         id: check_skip_if_match
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_SKIP_QUERY: "is:pr is:open in:title \"[code-simplifier]\""
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
           GH_AW_SKIP_MAX_MATCHES: "1"
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_skip_if_match.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_skip_if_match.cjs');
             await main();
 
   safe_outputs:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
-      contents: read
+      contents: write
       issues: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+      pull-requests: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/code-simplifier"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
       GH_AW_TRACKER_ID: "code-simplifier"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "code-simplifier"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/tree/76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE: "github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/github/gh-aw/blob/6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md"
     outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
       create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
       create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      created_pr_number: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_pr_number }}
+      created_pr_url: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_pr_url }}
       process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
       process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Code Simplifier"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_BODY_MODIFIED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Download patch artifact
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && contains(needs.agent.outputs.output_types, 'create_pull_request')
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: true
+          token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && contains(needs.agent.outputs.output_types, 'create_pull_request')
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GIT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Process Safe Outputs
         id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"refactoring\",\"code-quality\",\"automation\"],\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[code-simplifier] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,github.com,go.dev,golang.org,goproxy.io,host.docker.internal,pkg.go.dev,proxy.golang.org,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,storage.googleapis.com,sum.golang.org,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_pull_request\":{\"expires\":24,\"labels\":[\"refactoring\",\"code-quality\",\"automation\"],\"max\":1,\"max_patch_files\":100,\"max_patch_size\":4096,\"protect_top_level_dot_folders\":true,\"protected_files\":[\"package.json\",\"bun.lockb\",\"bunfig.toml\",\"deno.json\",\"deno.jsonc\",\"deno.lock\",\"global.json\",\"NuGet.Config\",\"Directory.Packages.props\",\"mix.exs\",\"mix.lock\",\"go.mod\",\"go.sum\",\"stack.yaml\",\"stack.yaml.lock\",\"pom.xml\",\"build.gradle\",\"build.gradle.kts\",\"settings.gradle\",\"settings.gradle.kts\",\"gradle.properties\",\"package-lock.json\",\"yarn.lock\",\"pnpm-lock.yaml\",\"npm-shrinkwrap.json\",\"requirements.txt\",\"Pipfile\",\"Pipfile.lock\",\"pyproject.toml\",\"setup.py\",\"setup.cfg\",\"Gemfile\",\"Gemfile.lock\",\"uv.lock\",\"CODEOWNERS\",\"DESIGN.md\",\"README.md\",\"CONTRIBUTING.md\",\"CHANGELOG.md\",\"SECURITY.md\",\"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md\",\"AGENTS.md\",\"CLAUDE.md\",\"GEMINI.md\"],\"protected_files_policy\":\"request_review\",\"reviewers\":[\"copilot\"],\"title_prefix\":\"[code-simplifier] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_CI_TRIGGER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_CI_TRIGGER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md
index b10c54e9e9..58b64b595d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md
+++ b/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md
@@ -1,30 +1,41 @@
 ---
+name: Code Simplifier
+description: Analyzes recently modified code and creates pull requests with simplifications that improve clarity, consistency, and maintainability while preserving functionality
 on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * *"
-  skip-if-match: is:pr is:open in:title "[code-simplifier]"
+  schedule: daily
+  skip-if-match: 'is:pr is:open in:title "[code-simplifier]"'
+
 permissions:
   contents: read
   issues: read
   pull-requests: read
+
+tracker-id: code-simplifier
+
+
 safe-outputs:
-  create-issue:
-    labels:
-    - refactoring
-    - code-quality
-    - automation
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-pull-request:
     title-prefix: "[code-simplifier] "
-description: Analyzes recently modified code and creates pull requests with simplifications that improve clarity, consistency, and maintainability while preserving functionality
-name: Code Simplifier
-source: github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@76d37d925abd44fee97379206f105b74b91a285b
-strict: true
-timeout-minutes: 30
+    labels: [refactoring, code-quality, automation]
+    reviewers: [copilot]
+    expires: 1d
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+network:
+  allowed:
+    - go
+
 tools:
   github:
-    toolsets:
-    - default
-tracker-id: code-simplifier
+    toolsets: [default]
+
+timeout-minutes: 30
+strict: true
+source: github/gh-aw/.github/workflows/code-simplifier.md@6762bfba6ae426a03aac46e8f68701461c667404
 ---
+
 <!-- This prompt will be imported in the agentic workflow .github/workflows/code-simplifier.md at runtime. -->
 <!-- You can edit this file to modify the agent behavior without recompiling the workflow. -->
 
@@ -34,11 +45,12 @@ You are an expert code simplification specialist focused on enhancing code clari
 
 ## Your Mission
 
-Analyze recently modified code from the last 24 hours and apply refinements that improve code quality while preserving all functionality. Create a GitHub issue with a properly formatted diff if improvements are found.
+Analyze recently modified code from the last 24 hours and apply refinements that improve code quality while preserving all functionality. Create a pull request with the simplified code if improvements are found.
 
 ## Current Context
 
 - **Repository**: ${{ github.repository }}
+- **Analysis Date**: $(date +%Y-%m-%d)
 - **Workspace**: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
 ## Phase 1: Identify Recently Modified Code
@@ -65,7 +77,7 @@ Use GitHub tools to:
 For each merged PR or recent commit:
 - Use `pull_request_read` with `method: get_files` to list changed files
 - Use `get_commit` to see file changes in recent commits
-- Focus on source code files (`.go`, `.js`, `.ts`, `.tsx`, `.cjs`, `.py`, etc.)
+- Focus on source code files (`.go`, `.js`, `.ts`, `.tsx`, `.cjs`, `.py`, `.cs`, etc.)
 - Exclude test files, lock files, and generated files
 
 ### 1.3 Determine Scope
@@ -88,6 +100,7 @@ Before simplifying, review the project's coding standards from relevant document
 - For Go projects: Check `AGENTS.md`, `DEVGUIDE.md`, or similar files
 - For JavaScript/TypeScript: Look for `CLAUDE.md`, style guides, or coding conventions
 - For Python: Check for style guides, PEP 8 adherence, or project-specific conventions
+- For .NET/C#: Check `.editorconfig`, `Directory.Build.props`, or coding conventions in docs
 
 **Key Standards to Apply:**
 
@@ -112,6 +125,14 @@ For **Python** projects:
 - Prefer explicit over implicit code
 - Use list/dict comprehensions where they improve clarity (not complexity)
 
+For **.NET/C#** projects:
+- Follow Microsoft C# coding conventions
+- Use `var` only when the type is obvious from the right side
+- Use file-scoped namespaces (`namespace X;`) where supported
+- Prefer pattern matching over type casting
+- Use `async`/`await` consistently, avoid `.Result` or `.Wait()`
+- Use nullable reference types and annotate nullability
+
 ### 2.2 Simplification Principles
 
 Apply these refinements to the recently modified code:
@@ -196,6 +217,9 @@ npm test
 
 # For Python projects
 pytest
+
+# For .NET projects
+dotnet test
 ```
 
 If tests fail:
@@ -217,6 +241,9 @@ npm run lint
 
 # For Python projects
 flake8 . || pylint .
+
+# For .NET projects
+dotnet format --verify-no-changes
 ```
 
 Fix any linting issues introduced by the simplifications.
@@ -235,13 +262,16 @@ npm run build
 # For Python projects
 # (typically no build step, but check imports)
 python -m py_compile changed_files.py
+
+# For .NET projects
+dotnet build
 ```
 
-## Phase 4: Create GitHub Issue with Diff
+## Phase 4: Create Pull Request
 
-### 4.1 Determine If Issue Is Needed
+### 4.1 Determine If PR Is Needed
 
-Only create an issue if:
+Only create a PR if:
 - ✅ You made actual code simplifications
 - ✅ All tests pass
 - ✅ Linting is clean
@@ -255,42 +285,14 @@ If no improvements were made or changes broke tests, exit gracefully:
 No simplifications needed - code already meets quality standards.
 ```
 
-### 4.2 Generate Git Diff
+### 4.2 Generate PR Description
 
-Before creating the issue, generate a properly formatted git diff that can be used to create a pull request:
-
-```bash
-# Stage all changes if not already staged
-git add .
-
-# Generate a complete unified diff of all staged changes
-git diff --cached > /tmp/code-simplification.diff
-
-# Read the diff to include in the discussion
-cat /tmp/code-simplification.diff
-```
-
-**Important**: The diff must be in standard unified diff format (git unified diff) that includes:
-- File headers with `diff --git a/path b/path`
-- Index lines with git hashes
-- `---` and `+++` lines showing old and new file paths
-- `@@` lines showing line numbers
-- Actual code changes with `-` for removed lines and `+` for added lines
-
-This format is compatible with:
-- `git apply` command for direct application
-- GitHub's "Create PR from diff" functionality
-- GitHub Copilot for suggesting PR creation
-- Manual copy-paste into PR creation interface
-
-### 4.3 Generate Issue Description
-
-If creating an issue, use this structure:
+If creating a PR, use this structure:
 
 ```markdown
 ## Code Simplification - [Date]
 
-This discussion presents code simplifications that improve clarity, consistency, and maintainability while preserving all functionality.
+This PR simplifies recently modified code to improve clarity, consistency, and maintainability while preserving all functionality.
 
 ### Files Simplified
 
@@ -321,37 +323,11 @@ Recent changes from:
 
 ### Testing
 
-- ✅ All tests pass
-- ✅ Linting passes
-- ✅ Build succeeds
+- ✅ All tests pass (`make test-unit`)
+- ✅ Linting passes (`make lint`)
+- ✅ Build succeeds (`make build`)
 - ✅ No functional changes - behavior is identical
 
-### Git Diff
-
-Below is the complete diff that can be used to create a pull request. You can copy this diff and:
-- Use it with GitHub Copilot to create a PR
-- Apply it directly with `git apply`
-- Create a PR manually by copying the changes
-
-```diff
-[PASTE THE COMPLETE GIT DIFF HERE]
-```
-
-To apply this diff:
-
-```bash
-# Save the diff to a file
-cat > /tmp/code-simplification.diff << 'EOF'
-[PASTE DIFF CONTENT]
-EOF
-
-# Apply the diff
-git apply /tmp/code-simplification.diff
-
-# Or create a PR from the current branch
-gh pr create --title "[code-simplifier] Code Simplification" --body "See discussion #[NUMBER]"
-```
-
 ### Review Focus
 
 Please verify:
@@ -365,13 +341,14 @@ Please verify:
 *Automated by Code Simplifier Agent - analyzing code from the last 24 hours*
 ```
 
-### 4.4 Use Safe Outputs
+### 4.3 Use Safe Outputs
 
-Create the issue using the safe-outputs configuration:
+Create the pull request using the safe-outputs configuration:
 
 - Title will be prefixed with `[code-simplifier]`
 - Labeled with `refactoring`, `code-quality`, `automation`
-- Contains complete git diff for easy PR creation
+- Assigned to `copilot` for review
+- Set as ready for review (not draft)
 
 ## Important Guidelines
 
@@ -388,7 +365,7 @@ Create the issue using the safe-outputs configuration:
 - **Clear over clever**: Prioritize readability and maintainability
 
 ### Exit Conditions
-Exit gracefully without creating an issue if:
+Exit gracefully without creating a PR if:
 - No code was changed in the last 24 hours
 - No simplifications are beneficial
 - Tests fail after changes
@@ -420,9 +397,12 @@ Your output MUST either:
    No simplifications needed - code already meets quality standards.
    ```
 
-3. **If simplifications made**: Create an issue with the changes using safe-outputs, including:
-   - Clear description of improvements
-   - Complete git diff in proper format
-   - Instructions for applying the diff or creating a PR
+3. **If simplifications made**: Create a PR with the changes using safe-outputs
 
-Begin your code simplification analysis now. Find recently modified code, assess simplification opportunities, apply improvements while preserving functionality, validate changes, and create an issue with a git diff if beneficial.
+Begin your code simplification analysis now. Find recently modified code, assess simplification opportunities, apply improvements while preserving functionality, validate changes, and create a PR if beneficial.
+
+**Important**: If no action is needed after completing your analysis, you **MUST** call the `noop` safe-output tool with a brief explanation. Failing to call any safe-output tool is the most common cause of safe-output workflow failures.
+
+```json
+{"noop": {"message": "No action needed: [brief explanation of what was analyzed and why]"}}
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65f4744737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1574 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"e17bfc6c2c8616cac5f5715bd9b9b7969773b859cfc3496b9aede51ca7061d76","body_hash":"ae9e7f7b5dc15964bef5c1eff99e32d68349ddce23011669b2497881b2a5c58b","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Analyze benchmark statistics from the latest 30 hours and publish bug/crash/anomaly summary as a GitHub Discussion
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 */12 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults","mtzguido.tplinkdns.com"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "false"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Enforce strict mode policy
+        if: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_STRICT == 'true' }}
+        run: |
+          echo "::error::GH_AW_POLICY_STRICT=true but this workflow was not compiled in strict mode. Recompile with --strict or strict: true."
+          exit 1
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-comparestatsanomalyreporter-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-comparestatsanomalyreporter-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "compare-stats-anomaly-reporter"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_013194ab7e1365b3_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_013194ab7e1365b3_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_013194ab7e1365b3_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_013194ab7e1365b3_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_013194ab7e1365b3_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_013194ab7e1365b3_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_013194ab7e1365b3_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_013194ab7e1365b3_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: comparestatsanomalyreporter
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_cc34fe8ba6943424_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[Compare Stats] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_cc34fe8ba6943424_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Compare Stats] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 45
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"mtzguido.tplinkdns.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 45
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,mtzguido.tplinkdns.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-compare-stats-anomaly-reporter"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-comparestatsanomalyreporter-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-comparestatsanomalyreporter-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-comparestatsanomalyreporter-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "compare-stats-anomaly-reporter"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "compare-stats-anomaly-reporter"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "45"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Analyze benchmark statistics from the latest 30 hours and publish bug/crash/anomaly summary as a GitHub Discussion"
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "compare-stats-anomaly-reporter"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,mtzguido.tplinkdns.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Compare Stats] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md b/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2100dc5291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/compare-stats-anomaly-reporter.md
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+---
+description: Analyze benchmark statistics from the latest 30 hours and publish bug/crash/anomaly summary as a GitHub Discussion
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 */12 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+strict: false
+timeout-minutes: 45
+
+network:
+  allowed:
+    - defaults
+    - mtzguido.tplinkdns.com
+
+tools:
+  bash: [":*"]
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[Compare Stats] "
+    category: "agentic workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+---
+
+# Compare Stats Bug/Crash/Anomaly Reporter
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are a Z3 benchmarking analysis agent for `${{ github.repository }}`.
+
+Analyze the benchmark statistics page below, focusing on results from the last 30 hours, then create a GitHub Discussion with a concise but actionable summary of:
+
+- Bugs
+- Crashes
+- Anomalies
+
+Source URL:
+`http://mtzguido.tplinkdns.com:8081/z3/`
+
+Note: this endpoint is currently HTTP-only. Treat fetched data as non-sensitive benchmark telemetry and do not include secrets in requests or reports.
+Note: the workflow runs every 12 hours but analyzes 30 hours intentionally to provide overlap and avoid missing transient failures between runs.
+Overlapping windows are expected; `close-older-discussions: true` keeps only the latest report thread active.
+
+## Requirements
+
+### 1) Fetch and save the source page
+
+Use bash to fetch the page into `/tmp/gh-aw/agent/benchmark_stats.html`.
+
+Try this first:
+```bash
+curl -fsSL --max-time 60 "http://mtzguido.tplinkdns.com:8081/z3/" -o /tmp/gh-aw/agent/benchmark_stats.html
+```
+
+If that fails, retry once with:
+```bash
+wget -q -T 60 -O /tmp/gh-aw/agent/benchmark_stats.html "http://mtzguido.tplinkdns.com:8081/z3/"
+```
+
+If both fail, still create a discussion that explains the fetch failure, includes stderr output, and marks the report as incomplete.
+After a successful fetch, perform basic integrity checks before parsing:
+- file is non-empty
+- content includes `<html` and at least one `<table`
+- if checks fail, treat as suspicious/incomplete data and report this explicitly
+
+### 2) Parse tabular data
+
+Use Python to parse all tables from the HTML into normalized rows.
+
+Use resilient parsing:
+- Prefer `pandas.read_html` when available.
+- If pandas fails, parse with `html.parser`/regex fallback.
+
+Persist normalized JSON to `/tmp/gh-aw/agent/compare_stats_rows.json`.
+
+### 3) Detect time window (last 30 hours)
+
+Find candidate timestamp columns using case-insensitive column-name matches:
+- `time`, `timestamp`, `date`, `run`, `created`, `updated`
+
+Parse datetimes with timezone handling if present. Use current UTC time and filter to rows where timestamp is within the past 30 hours.
+Treat naive timestamps as UTC.
+
+If no timestamp can be extracted:
+- Report this limitation explicitly.
+- Continue analysis on all rows.
+- Mark the discussion as "time-window fallback".
+
+### 4) Classify bugs/crashes/anomalies
+
+Infer key columns using column-name heuristics:
+- status/result/outcome
+- benchmark/instance/file/name
+- set/suite/group/track/family
+- message/error/details/reason
+
+Normalize status strings to lowercase.
+
+#### Bugs / Crashes
+Classify a row as **crash/bug** if status/details contain terms like:
+- `crash`, `segfault`, `assert`, `abort`, `exception`, `error`, `failed`, `bug`
+
+#### Anomalies
+At minimum, detect:
+
+1. **Unknown-outlier anomaly** (required):
+   - Within the same benchmark set/suite/group, if most rows are in `{sat, unsat, timeout}` but a minority are `unknown`, flag the `unknown` rows as anomalies.
+   - Rationale: require enough samples for confidence and avoid flagging sets where `unknown` is common behavior. `0.4` caps unknown results to a minority, while `0.6` enforces a decisive majority of sat/unsat/timeout outcomes. Any remainder after those constraints is intentionally allowed for other statuses.
+   - Use this threshold: `total_rows >= 4`, `unknown_count / total_rows <= 0.4`, and `(sat_count + unsat_count + timeout_count) / total_rows >= 0.6`.
+   - If set/suite/group columns are missing, fallback grouping order is: directory prefix of benchmark path/name, then benchmark name prefix before first separator (`/`, `:`, `::`), then a single global group.
+
+2. **Status divergence anomaly**:
+   - Same benchmark name appears multiple times with conflicting non-timeout statuses (for example `sat` vs `unsat`).
+   - Ignore timeout-only disagreements here; timeout behavior is covered under the repeated hard-failure anomaly section to reduce noise from transient runtime variance.
+
+3. **Repeated hard-failure anomaly**:
+   - Same benchmark appears repeatedly with crash/error-like status in the time window.
+
+### 5) Generate discussion report
+
+Create a GitHub Discussion using `create-discussion` safe output.
+
+Use this structure:
+
+```markdown
+### Compare Stats Analysis Report
+
+**Source**: [benchmark statistics](http://mtzguido.tplinkdns.com:8081/z3/)
+**Workflow Run**: [#${{ github.run_id }}](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }})
+**Analysis Time (UTC)**: <timestamp>
+**Window**: last 30 hours (or fallback mode)
+
+### Executive Summary
+
+- Rows analyzed: N
+- Rows in 30h window: M (or "timestamp unavailable")
+- Bugs/crashes: B
+- Anomalies: A
+
+### Bugs and Crashes
+
+| Benchmark Set | Benchmark | Status | Details | Timestamp |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| ... |
+
+### Anomalies
+
+#### Unknown-Outlier Cases
+| Benchmark Set | Benchmark | Status | Peer Status Distribution | Timestamp |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| ... |
+
+#### Status Divergences
+| Benchmark | Observed Statuses | Benchmark Set(s) | Timestamp(s) |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| ... |
+
+#### Repeated Hard Failures
+| Benchmark | Failure Count | Representative Status/Details | Benchmark Set(s) |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| ... |
+
+### Notes and Limitations
+- Mention parsing assumptions
+- Mention missing columns/timestamps if any
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Raw Extraction Summary</b></summary>
+
+- Table count
+- Candidate columns used
+- Top status distribution
+- Up to 30 representative raw rows (sanitized)
+
+</details>
+```
+
+## Reporting Rules
+
+- Be factual and concise.
+- Do not claim certainty when column mapping is heuristic.
+- If no bugs/crashes/anomalies are found, still create the discussion and explicitly state "No issues detected in analyzed window."
+- Do not open PRs or modify repository files.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
index 8e2ab1675a..a2742f2d9f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       COV_DETAILS_PATH: ${{github.workspace}}/cov-details
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
     - name: Setup
       run: |
@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ jobs:
       id: date
       run: echo "date=$(date +'%Y-%m-%d')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: coverage-${{steps.date.outputs.date}}
         path: ${{github.workspace}}/coverage.html
         retention-days: 4
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: coverage-details-${{steps.date.outputs.date}}
         path: ${{env.COV_DETAILS_PATH}}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cross-build.yml b/.github/workflows/cross-build.yml
index f8213abced..49eb7f1819 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cross-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cross-build.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
     - name: Install cross build tools
       run:  apt update && apt install -y ninja-build cmake python3 g++-13-${{ matrix.arch }}-linux-gnu
diff --git a/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6029438fe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1666 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"921c82afd93af5f7d8ff2beb5cba8b71448c7fa58d4344906c25fdb5db93a6d2","body_hash":"7bd8b9447fe00aa65ec93cc2395383cc140747c7afce9a58d4f6f87e4d2c59a5","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Weekly Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) build and report for Z3, posting findings to GitHub Discussions
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "41 2 * * 0"
+    # Friendly format: weekly (scattered)
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-csaanalysis-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-csaanalysis-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "csa-analysis"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "csa-analysis.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_e52382799353105c_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_e52382799353105c_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_e52382799353105c_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_e52382799353105c_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_e52382799353105c_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_e52382799353105c_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_e52382799353105c_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/csa-analysis.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_e52382799353105c_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: csaanalysis
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
+      - name: Create cache-memory directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
+      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          restore-keys: |
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_87f251ffd6ed6533_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[CSA] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_87f251ffd6ed6533_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[CSA] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 180
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 180
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
+      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+      - update_cache_memory
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-csa-analysis"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-csaanalysis-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-csaanalysis-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-csaanalysis-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "csa-analysis"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "csa-analysis"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "180"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Weekly Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) build and report for Z3, posting findings to GitHub Discussions"
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/csa-analysis"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "csa-analysis"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[CSA] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  update_cache_memory:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: csaanalysis
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md b/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab9f41ce36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/csa-analysis.md
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+---
+description: Weekly Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) build and report for Z3, posting findings to GitHub Discussions
+
+on:
+  schedule: weekly
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+timeout-minutes: 180
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+network: defaults
+
+tools:
+  cache-memory: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default]
+  bash: [":*"]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[CSA] "
+    category: "Agentic Workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+steps:
+  - name: Checkout repository
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      persist-credentials: false
+
+---
+
+# Clang Static Analyzer (CSA) Report
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert static analysis agent for the Z3 theorem prover repository `${{ github.repository }}`. Your task is to build Z3 using the Clang Static Analyzer (`scan-build`) and produce a structured report of the findings in a GitHub Discussion.
+
+## Your Task
+
+### 1. Set Up the Build Environment
+
+Install required dependencies:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get update -y
+sudo apt-get install -y clang clang-tools cmake ninja-build python3
+```
+
+Verify that `scan-build` is available:
+
+```bash
+scan-build --version || clang --version
+which scan-build
+```
+
+### 2. Configure Z3 with CMake
+
+Run CMake inside a fresh `build` directory. Use `scan-build` to wrap the CMake configure step so that analysis starts from the configuration phase, then use it again during the actual build:
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p build
+cd build
+scan-build cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON -G Ninja ../
+```
+
+### 3. Build Z3 with scan-build
+
+Run the build under `scan-build`, directing the HTML report output to a well-known path. Capture both stdout and stderr:
+
+```bash
+cd build
+scan-build -o /tmp/csa-report --html-title "Z3 CSA Report" ninja 2>&1 | tee /tmp/csa-build.log
+cd ..
+```
+
+If `scan-build` is not available, try the `clang --analyze` approach via CMake flags as a fallback:
+
+```bash
+cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
+      -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="--analyze" \
+      -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="--analyze" \
+      -G Ninja ../ 2>&1 | tee /tmp/csa-configure.log
+ninja 2>&1 | tee /tmp/csa-build.log
+cd ..
+```
+
+### 4. Collect and Parse Results
+
+After the build, examine the scan-build HTML output directory and build log to extract findings:
+
+```bash
+# List generated report directories
+ls -la /tmp/csa-report/ 2>/dev/null || echo "No report directory found"
+
+# Find all HTML report files
+find /tmp/csa-report -name "*.html" 2>/dev/null | head -50
+
+# Count total number of bugs reported
+find /tmp/csa-report -name "report-*.html" 2>/dev/null | wc -l
+```
+
+Parse the `index.html` summary if it exists:
+
+```bash
+# Extract bug summary from index.html
+if [ -f /tmp/csa-report/*/index.html ]; then
+    cat /tmp/csa-report/*/index.html
+fi
+```
+
+Also scan the build log for warnings and errors:
+
+```bash
+grep -E "(warning|error|bug).*\[.*\]" /tmp/csa-build.log | head -100
+```
+
+### 4.5 Extract Report Content to Text
+
+Extract the full CSA report content into a plain-text file so it can be embedded directly in the GitHub Discussion:
+
+```bash
+python3 - << 'PYEOF' > /tmp/csa-extracted.txt 2>&1
+import os
+import re
+import glob
+import sys
+
+report_dir = '/tmp/csa-report'
+if not os.path.isdir(report_dir):
+    print('No CSA report directory found.')
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+subdirs = sorted([d for d in os.listdir(report_dir) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(report_dir, d))])
+if not subdirs:
+    print('No scan-build output subdirectory found.')
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+subdir = os.path.join(report_dir, subdirs[-1])
+index_path = os.path.join(subdir, 'index.html')
+
+if os.path.exists(index_path):
+    with open(index_path) as f:
+        content = f.read()
+    print('## Summary Table\n')
+    rows = re.findall(r'<tr[^>]*>(.*?)</tr>', content, re.DOTALL)
+    for row in rows:
+        cells = re.findall(r'<td[^>]*>(.*?)</td>', row, re.DOTALL)
+        if cells:
+            clean = [re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', '', c).strip() for c in cells]
+            line = ' | '.join(c for c in clean if c)
+            if line:
+                print(line)
+    print()
+
+report_files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(subdir, 'report-*.html')))
+if report_files:
+    print(f'## Individual Findings ({len(report_files)} total)\n')
+    for i, rfile in enumerate(report_files, 1):
+        with open(rfile) as f:
+            rcontent = f.read()
+        checker = re.search(r'<td class="CHECKER">(.*?)</td>', rcontent, re.DOTALL)
+        filename = re.search(r'<td class="FILENAME">(.*?)</td>', rcontent, re.DOTALL)
+        lineno = re.search(r'<td class="LINE">(.*?)</td>', rcontent, re.DOTALL)
+        desc = re.search(r'<td class="DESC">(.*?)</td>', rcontent, re.DOTALL)
+        c = re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', '', checker.group(1)).strip() if checker else 'unknown'
+        fn = re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', '', filename.group(1)).strip() if filename else 'unknown'
+        ln = re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', '', lineno.group(1)).strip() if lineno else '?'
+        d = re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', '', desc.group(1)).strip() if desc else ''
+        print(f'{i}. [{c}] {d}')
+        print(f'   File: {fn}, Line: {ln}')
+        print()
+else:
+    print('No individual report files found.')
+PYEOF
+cat /tmp/csa-extracted.txt
+```
+
+### 5. Categorize Findings
+
+Analyze the CSA findings and group them by:
+
+- **Bug type** (e.g., null pointer dereference, use after free, memory leak, uninitialized value, logic error)
+- **Severity** (categorize by CSA checker family: `core.*`, `cplusplus.*`, `deadcode.*`, `security.*`, `unix.*`)
+- **Source file** (relative path within the Z3 source tree)
+
+Build a structured summary:
+
+1. Total number of findings
+2. Breakdown by checker/bug type
+3. Top affected files (files with the most findings)
+4. Any high-severity issues (null dereferences, memory safety issues)
+5. Any new findings compared to cached results from a previous run
+
+### 6. Compare with Cached Results
+
+Check cache memory for results from the previous run:
+- Number of findings from the last run
+- List of previously reported high-severity issues
+- Any issues that have been resolved since the last run
+
+Update cache memory with the current run's results.
+
+### 7. Create GitHub Discussion
+
+Create a GitHub Discussion with a structured report. The discussion title should include the current date and a brief summary (e.g., "[CSA] Weekly Report - N findings").
+
+**Discussion Structure:**
+
+```markdown
+# Clang Static Analyzer Report
+
+**Date**: [YYYY-MM-DD]
+**Commit**: [Short SHA of HEAD]
+**Build type**: Debug (CMake + Ninja)
+**Analyzer**: scan-build / clang-analyzer
+
+## Summary
+
+| Metric | Count |
+|--------|-------|
+| Total findings | N |
+| High severity (core.*) | X |
+| Memory issues (unix.*, cplusplus.*) | Y |
+| Dead code / logic errors | Z |
+| Files affected | F |
+
+## Changes Since Last Run
+
+- Findings resolved since last run: [list or "none"]
+- New findings introduced: [list or "none"]
+
+## High-Priority Findings
+
+[List the top findings by severity with file paths and checker names]
+
+## Findings by Category
+
+### Core Checkers (Null Dereference, Division by Zero, etc.)
+[List findings]
+
+### C++ Specific (Memory Management, Object Lifetime)
+[List findings]
+
+### Dead Code and Logic Errors
+[List findings]
+
+### Security Checkers
+[List findings]
+
+## Top Affected Files
+
+[Table or list of files with the most findings]
+
+## Full CSA Report Content
+
+<details>
+<summary>Complete findings extracted from the CSA HTML report (click to expand)</summary>
+
+[PASTE THE ENTIRE CONTENTS OF /tmp/csa-extracted.txt HERE verbatim — do not summarize or paraphrase]
+
+</details>
+
+## Build Log Excerpt
+
+<details>
+<summary>Key warnings and errors from the build log (click to expand)</summary>
+
+```
+[Relevant excerpt from build log]
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## Notes
+
+- This report was generated automatically by the Z3 CSA Analysis workflow.
+- False positives may be present; human review is recommended before acting on findings.
+- To reproduce locally: `scan-build -o /tmp/csa-report cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -G Ninja . && scan-build ninja`
+```
+
+### 8. Handle Edge Cases
+
+- If `scan-build` is not installed, report the issue clearly and suggest installing `clang-tools` or `clang-analyzer`.
+- If the build fails entirely (not just with warnings), report the build failure and exit gracefully without creating a misleading discussion.
+- If zero findings are reported, still create the discussion celebrating the clean result.
+- If the discussion would be identical to the previous one (no changes), consider skipping creation unless it has been more than 2 weeks since the last run.
+
+## Guidelines
+
+- **Be thorough**: Parse all available output from scan-build, not just the summary.
+- **Be accurate**: Clearly distinguish between true positives and likely false positives.
+- **Be actionable**: For each high-priority finding, include the file, line number, and a brief description.
+- **Be concise**: The discussion should be readable; use collapsible sections for verbose output.
+- **Track progress**: Use cache memory to detect regressions (new findings) and improvements (resolved findings) over time.
+- **Respect build time**: The build may take 15-20 minutes; use ninja with available cores.
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- **DO NOT** create pull requests or modify source files.
+- **DO NOT** attempt to fix the findings automatically.
+- **DO** close older CSA discussions automatically (this is configured via `close-older-discussions: true`).
+- **DO** always report the commit SHA so findings can be correlated with specific code versions.
+- **DO** use cache memory to track trends over multiple runs.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/deeptest.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/deeptest.lock.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index b22b667eb8..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/deeptest.lock.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1153 +0,0 @@
-#
-#    ___                   _   _      
-#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
-#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
-#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
-#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
-#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
-#          __/ |
-#  _    _ |___/ 
-# | |  | |                / _| |
-# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
-# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
-# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
-#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
-#
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.43.15). DO NOT EDIT.
-#
-# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
-#   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
-#
-# Generate comprehensive test cases for Z3 source files
-#
-# frontmatter-hash: 240c075df4ec84df1e6fafc2758a9f3b774508d3124ad5937ff88d84f6face4c
-
-name: "Deeptest"
-"on":
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      file_path:
-        description: Path to the source file to generate tests for (e.g., src/util/vector.h)
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      issue_number:
-        description: Issue number to link the generated tests to (optional)
-        required: false
-        type: string
-
-permissions: {}
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
-
-run-name: "Deeptest"
-
-jobs:
-  activation:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    outputs:
-      comment_id: ""
-      comment_repo: ""
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "deeptest.lock.yml"
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  agent:
-    needs: activation
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: read-all
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    env:
-      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
-      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-    outputs:
-      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
-      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
-      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
-      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v5
-
-      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
-      - name: Create cache-memory directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh
-      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
-        with:
-          key: memory-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
-          restore-keys: |
-            memory-${{ github.workflow }}-
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Checkout PR branch
-        id: checkout-pr
-        if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.407",
-              cli_version: "v0.43.15",
-              workflow_name: "Deeptest",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.16.1",
-              awmg_version: "",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.16.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
-        env:
-          TOKEN_CHECK: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TOKEN_CHECK != ''
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
-            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
-      - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 ghcr.io/github/serena-mcp-server:latest node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"add_comment":{"max":2},"create_missing_tool_issue":{"max":1,"title_prefix":"[missing tool]"},"create_pull_request":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
-            {
-              "description": "Add a comment to an existing GitHub issue, pull request, or discussion. Use this to provide feedback, answer questions, or add information to an existing conversation. For creating new items, use create_issue, create_discussion, or create_pull_request instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 2 comment(s) can be added.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "body": {
-                    "description": "The comment text in Markdown format. This is the 'body' field - do not use 'comment_body' or other variations. Provide helpful, relevant information that adds value to the conversation.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "item_number": {
-                    "description": "The issue, pull request, or discussion number to comment on. This is the numeric ID from the GitHub URL (e.g., 123 in github.com/owner/repo/issues/123). If omitted, the tool will attempt to resolve the target from the current workflow context (triggering issue, PR, or discussion).",
-                    "type": "number"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "add_comment"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Create a new GitHub pull request to propose code changes. Use this after making file edits to submit them for review and merging. The PR will be created from the current branch with your committed changes. For code review comments on an existing PR, use create_pull_request_review_comment instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 pull request(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[DeepTest] \". Labels [automated-tests deeptest] will be automatically added.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "body": {
-                    "description": "Detailed PR description in Markdown. Include what changes were made, why, testing notes, and any breaking changes. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "branch": {
-                    "description": "Source branch name containing the changes. If omitted, uses the current working branch.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "labels": {
-                    "description": "Labels to categorize the PR (e.g., 'enhancement', 'bugfix'). Labels must exist in the repository.",
-                    "items": {
-                      "type": "string"
-                    },
-                    "type": "array"
-                  },
-                  "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise PR title describing the changes. Follow repository conventions (e.g., conventional commits). The title appears as the main heading.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "create_pull_request"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "add_comment": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "item_number": {
-                  "issueOrPRNumber": true
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "create_pull_request": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "branch": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "labels": {
-                  "type": "array",
-                  "itemType": "string",
-                  "itemSanitize": true,
-                  "itemMaxLength": 128
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP gateway
-        id: start-mcp-gateway
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
-          
-          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
-          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
-          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
-          export DEBUG="*"
-          
-          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
-          
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
-          {
-            "mcpServers": {
-              "github": {
-                "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
-                "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
-                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
-                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
-                }
-              },
-              "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
-                }
-              },
-              "serena": {
-                "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/serena-mcp-server:latest",
-                "args": ["--network", "host"],
-                "entrypoint": "serena",
-                "entrypointArgs": ["start-mcp-server", "--context", "codex", "--project", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
-                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw"]
-              }
-            },
-            "gateway": {
-              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
-              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
-              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
-              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
-            }
-          }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_FILE_PATH: ${{ github.event.inputs.file_path }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.inputs.issue_number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/deeptest.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_FILE_PATH: ${{ github.event.inputs.file_path }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.inputs.issue_number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_FILE_PATH: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_FILE_PATH,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_FILE_PATH: ${{ github.event.inputs.file_path }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_INPUTS_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.inputs.issue_number }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
-      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
-        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        timeout-minutes: 30
-        run: |
-          set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.16.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' \
-            2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
-        env:
-          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
-          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP gateway
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
-          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
-          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
-      - name: Redact secrets in logs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
-            await main();
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
-          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Ingest agent output
-        id: collect_output
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
-          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP gateway logs for step summary
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Print firewall logs
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
-        run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
-          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        if: always()
-        with:
-          name: cache-memory
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
-      - name: Upload agent artifacts
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
-            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
-            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw.patch
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-
-  conclusion:
-    needs:
-      - activation
-      - agent
-      - detection
-      - safe_outputs
-      - update_cache_memory
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      discussions: write
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    outputs:
-      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
-      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
-        id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Deeptest"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
-        id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
-          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Deeptest"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Deeptest"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "deeptest"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
-          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Deeptest"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle Create Pull Request Error
-        id: handle_create_pr_error
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Deeptest"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_create_pr_error.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Update reaction comment with completion status
-        id: conclusion
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_REPO: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_repo }}
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Deeptest"
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.result }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/notify_comment_error.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
-        env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
-        run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
-      - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Deeptest"
-          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Generate comprehensive test cases for Z3 source files"
-          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
-          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
-        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
-        timeout-minutes: 20
-        run: |
-          set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-        env:
-          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
-          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-
-  safe_outputs:
-    needs:
-      - activation
-      - agent
-      - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      discussions: write
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
-    env:
-      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "deeptest"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Deeptest"
-    outputs:
-      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
-      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
-      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
-      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Download patch artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (contains(needs.agent.outputs.output_types, 'create_pull_request'))
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v6.0.2
-        with:
-          token: ${{ github.token }}
-          persist-credentials: false
-          fetch-depth: 1
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (contains(needs.agent.outputs.output_types, 'create_pull_request'))
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-          GIT_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${GIT_TOKEN}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Process Safe Outputs
-        id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"add_comment\":{\"max\":2},\"create_pull_request\":{\"base_branch\":\"${{ github.ref_name }}\",\"draft\":false,\"labels\":[\"automated-tests\",\"deeptest\"],\"max\":1,\"max_patch_size\":1024,\"title_prefix\":\"[DeepTest] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  update_cache_memory:
-    needs:
-      - agent
-      - detection
-    if: always() && needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        continue-on-error: true
-        with:
-          name: cache-memory
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
-      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
-        uses: actions/cache/save@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
-        with:
-          key: memory-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
-
diff --git a/.github/workflows/deeptest.md b/.github/workflows/deeptest.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 14e560b810..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/deeptest.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Generate comprehensive test cases for Z3 source files
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      file_path:
-        description: 'Path to the source file to generate tests for (e.g., src/util/vector.h)'
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      issue_number:
-        description: 'Issue number to link the generated tests to (optional)'
-        required: false
-        type: string
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-network: defaults
-
-tools:
-  cache-memory: true
-  serena: ["python"]
-  github:
-    toolsets: [default]
-  bash: [":*"]
-  edit: {}
-  glob: {}
-safe-outputs:
-  create-pull-request:
-    title-prefix: "[DeepTest] "
-    labels: [automated-tests, deeptest]
-    draft: false
-  add-comment:
-    max: 2
-  missing-tool:
-    create-issue: true
-
-timeout-minutes: 30
-
-steps:
-  - name: Checkout repository
-    uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
----
-
-<!-- Edit the file linked below to modify the agent without recompilation. Feel free to move the entire markdown body to that file. -->
-{{#runtime-import agentics/deeptest.md}}
-
-## Context
-
-You are the DeepTest agent for the Z3 theorem prover repository.
-
-**Workflow dispatch file path**: ${{ github.event.inputs.file_path }}
-
-**Issue number** (if linked): ${{ github.event.inputs.issue_number }}
-
-## Instructions
-
-Follow the workflow steps defined in the imported prompt above to generate comprehensive test cases for the specified source file.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs.yml b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
index 7050f3590b..153a6ee5dc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
@@ -16,12 +16,37 @@ env:
   EM_VERSION: 3.1.73
 
 jobs:
-  build-docs:
-    name: Build Documentation
+  build-go-docs:
+    name: Build Go Documentation
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.21'
+
+      - name: Generate Go Documentation
+        working-directory: doc
+        run: |
+          python3 mk_go_doc.py --output-dir=api/html/go --go-api-path=../src/api/go
+
+      - name: Upload Go Documentation
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: go-docs
+          path: doc/api/html/go/
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  build-docs:
+    name: Build Documentation
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: build-go-docs
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup node
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
@@ -63,13 +88,13 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: doc
         run: |
            eval $(opam env)
-           python3 mk_api_doc.py --mld --output-dir=api --z3py-package-path=../build-x64/python/z3 --build=../build-x64
+           python3 mk_api_doc.py --mld --go --output-dir=api --z3py-package-path=../build-x64/python/z3 --build=../build-x64
            Z3BUILD=build-x64 python3 mk_params_doc.py 
            mkdir api/html/ml
            ocamldoc -html -d api/html/ml -sort -hide Z3 -I $( ocamlfind query zarith ) -I ../build-x64/api/ml ../build-x64/api/ml/z3enums.mli ../build-x64/api/ml/z3.mli
 
       - name: Setup emscripten
-        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
+        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v16
         with:
           no-install: true
           version: ${{env.EM_VERSION}}
@@ -97,7 +122,13 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: doc
         run: |
            eval $(opam env)
-           python3 mk_api_doc.py --js --output-dir=api --mld --z3py-package-path=../build-x64/python/z3 --build=../build-x64
+           python3 mk_api_doc.py --js --go --output-dir=api --mld --z3py-package-path=../build-x64/python/z3 --build=../build-x64
+
+      - name: Download Go Documentation
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: go-docs
+          path: doc/api/html/go/
 
       - name: Deploy to z3prover.github.io
         uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v4
diff --git a/.github/workflows/fstar-master-build.yml b/.github/workflows/fstar-master-build.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe229a153d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/fstar-master-build.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+name: Build FStar master with Z3 master
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "9 4 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      z3_ref:
+        description: Z3 ref to checkout and build
+        required: false
+        default: master
+      z3_cmake_args:
+        description: Extra CMake arguments for Z3 build
+        required: false
+        default: ""
+      z3_runtime_args:
+        description: "Extra Z3 runtime args (example: smt.ho_matching=true)"
+        required: false
+        default: "smt.ho_matching=true"
+      fstar_ref:
+        description: FStar ref to checkout and build
+        required: false
+        default: _nik_higher_order_smt
+      fstar_opam_switch:
+        description: OCaml switch for FStar build
+        required: false
+        default: "4.14.2"
+      fstar_otherflags:
+        description: "Extra FStar OTHERFLAGS"
+        required: false
+        default: "--split_queries on_failure --log_failing_queries --ext higher_order_smt --proof_recovery"
+      discussion_category:
+        description: Discussion category name
+        required: false
+        default: "Agentic Workflows"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  discussions: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-report:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 180
+    env:
+      Z3_REF: ${{ github.event.inputs.z3_ref || 'master' }}
+      Z3_CMAKE_ARGS: ${{ github.event.inputs.z3_cmake_args || '' }}
+      Z3_RUNTIME_ARGS: ${{ github.event.inputs.z3_runtime_args || 'smt.ho_matching=true' }}
+      FSTAR_REF: ${{ github.event.inputs.fstar_ref || 'master' }}
+      FSTAR_OPAM_SWITCH: ${{ github.event.inputs.fstar_opam_switch || '4.14.2' }}
+      FSTAR_OTHERFLAGS: ${{ github.event.inputs.fstar_otherflags || '' }}
+      DISCUSSION_CATEGORY: ${{ github.event.inputs.discussion_category || 'Agentic Workflows' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Z3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ env.Z3_REF }}
+          fetch-depth: 1
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          sudo apt-get update -y
+          sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build python3 git curl unzip opam m4 pkg-config libgmp-dev
+
+      - name: Build Z3
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent
+          cmake -S . -B build/release -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release $Z3_CMAKE_ARGS
+          ninja -C build/release z3
+          ./build/release/z3 --version | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-version.txt
+          printf '(check-sat)\n' | ./build/release/z3 $Z3_RUNTIME_ARGS -in | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-runtime-check.txt
+
+      - name: Prepare Z3 aliases for FStar
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-bin
+          ln -sf "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/build/release/z3" /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-bin/z3
+          ln -sf "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/build/release/z3" /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-bin/z3-4.8.5
+          ln -sf "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/build/release/z3" /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-bin/z3-4.13.3
+          /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-bin/z3 --version
+
+      - name: Build FStar
+        id: build_fstar
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar
+          git clone --depth=1 --recurse-submodules --branch "$FSTAR_REF" https://github.com/FStarLang/FStar.git /tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar
+          cd /tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar
+          echo "FStar commit: $(git rev-parse HEAD)" | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent/fstar-commit.txt
+
+          opam init --disable-sandboxing --yes
+          opam switch create "$FSTAR_OPAM_SWITCH" --yes || opam switch "$FSTAR_OPAM_SWITCH"
+          eval "$(opam env --switch="$FSTAR_OPAM_SWITCH")"
+          opam install --deps-only . --yes
+
+          Z3_VERSION="$(sed -E -n 's/^Z3 version ([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*/\1/p' /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-version.txt | head -1)"
+          test -n "$Z3_VERSION" || { echo "Error: Failed to extract Z3 version from /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-version.txt (expected: 'Z3 version X.Y.Z')"; cat /tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-version.txt || true; exit 1; }
+
+          PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-bin:$PATH" OTHERFLAGS="--z3version $Z3_VERSION $FSTAR_OTHERFLAGS" make -j"$(nproc)" -k
+          test -x /tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar/out/bin/fstar.exe || { echo "Error: FStar binary not found or not executable at /tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar/out/bin/fstar.exe"; exit 1; }
+          /tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar/out/bin/fstar.exe --version | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent/fstar-version.txt
+
+      - name: Collect generated SMT2 files
+        id: collect_smt2
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/agent/smt2-artifact
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/smt2-artifact
+          SMT2_PREVIEW=/tmp/gh-aw/agent/smt2-preview.md
+          SMT2_HEAD_LINES=1000
+          > "$SMT2_PREVIEW"
+
+          if [ -d /tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar ]; then
+            mapfile -t SMT2_FILES < <(find /tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar -type f -name '*.smt2' | sort)
+          else
+            SMT2_FILES=()
+          fi
+
+          if [ "${#SMT2_FILES[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
+            echo "has_files=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          for file in "${SMT2_FILES[@]}"; do
+            rel="${file#/tmp/gh-aw/agent/FStar/}"
+            target="/tmp/gh-aw/agent/smt2-artifact/${rel}"
+            mkdir -p "$(dirname "$target")"
+            cp "$file" "$target"
+            {
+              printf '#### `%s`\n\n' "$rel"
+              printf '```smt2\n'
+              head -n "$SMT2_HEAD_LINES" "$file"
+              printf '\n```\n\n'
+            } >> "$SMT2_PREVIEW"
+          done
+
+          echo "has_files=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload generated SMT2 artifact
+        id: upload_smt2
+        if: always() && steps.collect_smt2.outputs.has_files == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: fstar-generated-smt2-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agent/smt2-artifact
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 7
+
+      - name: Create discussion summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@v9
+        env:
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          FSTAR_BUILD_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.build_fstar.outcome }}
+          SMT2_ARTIFACT_ID: ${{ steps.upload_smt2.outputs.artifact-id }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+
+            const readIfExists = (path) => fs.existsSync(path) ? fs.readFileSync(path, 'utf8').trim() : null;
+            const z3VersionText = readIfExists('/tmp/gh-aw/agent/z3-version.txt') ?? 'unknown';
+            const fstarVersionFile = readIfExists('/tmp/gh-aw/agent/fstar-version.txt') ?? '';
+            const fstarVersionText = fstarVersionFile ? fstarVersionFile.split('\n')[0] : 'unknown';
+            const fstarCommitLine = readIfExists('/tmp/gh-aw/agent/fstar-commit.txt') ?? '';
+            const fstarCommit = fstarCommitLine ? fstarCommitLine.replace(/^FStar commit:\s*/, '') : 'unknown';
+            const fstarBuildOutcome = process.env.FSTAR_BUILD_OUTCOME || 'unknown';
+            const fstarBuildSucceeded = fstarBuildOutcome === 'success';
+            const fstarStatus = fstarBuildSucceeded
+              ? '✅ FStar build completed'
+              : `⚠️ FStar build ${fstarBuildOutcome} (pipeline continued)`;
+            const smt2ArtifactId = (process.env.SMT2_ARTIFACT_ID || '').trim();
+            const smt2ArtifactUrl = smt2ArtifactId ? `${process.env.RUN_URL}/artifacts/${smt2ArtifactId}` : '';
+            const smt2PreviewFile = '/tmp/gh-aw/agent/smt2-preview.md';
+            const maxPreviewChars = 55000; // Keep below GitHub's 65536-character discussion body limit, leaving room for non-preview sections.
+            let smt2Preview = readIfExists(smt2PreviewFile) ?? '';
+            const smt2PreviewChars = Array.from(smt2Preview);
+            if (smt2PreviewChars.length > maxPreviewChars) {
+              smt2Preview = `${smt2PreviewChars.slice(0, maxPreviewChars).join('')}\n\n... (truncated due to discussion size limits)`;
+            }
+            const smt2Section = smt2ArtifactId
+              ? [
+                  `### Generated SMT2 files`,
+                  `- Artifact: ${smt2ArtifactUrl}`,
+                  ``,
+                  `First 1000 lines per generated \`.smt2\` file:`,
+                  ``,
+                  smt2Preview || '_No preview content available._'
+                ].join('\n')
+              : [
+                  `### Generated SMT2 files`,
+                  `- No generated \`.smt2\` files were found.`
+                ].join('\n');
+            const date = new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+
+            const owner = context.repo.owner;
+            const repo = context.repo.repo;
+            const categoryName = process.env.DISCUSSION_CATEGORY;
+
+            const categoryQuery = await github.graphql(
+              `query($owner:String!, $repo:String!) {
+                repository(owner:$owner, name:$repo) {
+                  id
+                  discussionCategories(first:50) {
+                    nodes { id name }
+                  }
+                }
+              }`,
+              { owner, repo }
+            );
+
+            const categories = categoryQuery.repository.discussionCategories.nodes || [];
+            const normalized = categoryName.trim().toLowerCase();
+            const category = categories.find(c => c.name.toLowerCase() === normalized);
+            if (!category) {
+              throw new Error(`Discussion category '${categoryName}' not found`);
+            }
+
+            const body = [
+              `### Build status`,
+              `- ✅ Z3 build completed`,
+              `- ${fstarStatus}`,
+              ``,
+              `### Inputs used`,
+              `- z3_ref: \`${process.env.Z3_REF}\``,
+              `- z3_cmake_args: \`${process.env.Z3_CMAKE_ARGS}\``,
+              `- z3_runtime_args: \`${process.env.Z3_RUNTIME_ARGS}\``,
+              `- fstar_ref: \`${process.env.FSTAR_REF}\``,
+              `- fstar_opam_switch: \`${process.env.FSTAR_OPAM_SWITCH}\``,
+              `- fstar_otherflags: \`${process.env.FSTAR_OTHERFLAGS}\``,
+              ``,
+              `### Produced versions`,
+              `- Z3: \`${z3VersionText}\``,
+              `- FStar: \`${fstarVersionText}\``,
+              `- FStar commit: \`${fstarCommit}\``,
+              ``,
+              smt2Section,
+              ``,
+              `### Run`,
+              `- Workflow run: ${process.env.RUN_URL}`
+            ].join('\n');
+
+            await github.graphql(
+              `mutation($repositoryId:ID!, $categoryId:ID!, $title:String!, $body:String!) {
+                createDiscussion(input:{
+                  repositoryId:$repositoryId,
+                  categoryId:$categoryId,
+                  title:$title,
+                  body:$body
+                }) {
+                  discussion { url }
+                }
+              }`,
+              {
+                repositoryId: categoryQuery.repository.id,
+                categoryId: category.id,
+                title: `FStar build with configurable Z3 inputs — ${date}`,
+                body
+              }
+            );
diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e3ef8b588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1691 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"7671ab751a3f717291cd8f191c4619897acdb7e712fc38c87b9806d95f2b1e0f","body_hash":"0c085cd0722df29959ce10ad54f82dea6ecc84782a1f749d14ad8c1d000b7a6f","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Processes the backlog of open issues every second day, creates a discussion with findings, and comments on relevant issues
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 0 */2 * *"
+    # Friendly format: every 2 days
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-issuebacklogprocessor-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-issuebacklogprocessor-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "issue-backlog-processor"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_8b88b5ae6edae4f2_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_8b88b5ae6edae4f2_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_8b88b5ae6edae4f2_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: add_comment(max:20), create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_8b88b5ae6edae4f2_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_8b88b5ae6edae4f2_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_8b88b5ae6edae4f2_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_8b88b5ae6edae4f2_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_8b88b5ae6edae4f2_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: issuebacklogprocessor
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
+      - name: Create cache-memory directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
+      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          restore-keys: |
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_8442df28cc49687f_EOF'
+          {"add_comment":{"max":20},"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[Issue Backlog] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_8442df28cc49687f_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "add_comment": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 20 comment(s) can be added. Supports reply_to_id for discussion threading.",
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Issue Backlog] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "add_comment": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "item_number": {
+                    "issueOrPRNumber": true
+                  },
+                  "reply_to_id": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 60
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
+      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+      - update_cache_memory
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-issue-backlog-processor"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-issuebacklogprocessor-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-issuebacklogprocessor-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-issuebacklogprocessor-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "issue-backlog-processor"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "issue-backlog-processor"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "60"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Processes the backlog of open issues every second day, creates a discussion with findings, and comments on relevant issues"
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/issue-backlog-processor"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "issue-backlog-processor"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      comment_id: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.comment_id }}
+      comment_url: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.comment_url }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"add_comment\":{\"max\":20},\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Issue Backlog] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  update_cache_memory:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: issuebacklogprocessor
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Issue Backlog Processor"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md b/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..741dc3a2be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.md
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+---
+description: Processes the backlog of open issues every second day, creates a discussion with findings, and comments on relevant issues
+
+on:
+  schedule: every 2 days
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+tools:
+  cache-memory: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[Issue Backlog] "
+    category: "Agentic Workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+  add-comment:
+    max: 20
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+  github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+timeout-minutes: 60
+---
+
+# Issue Backlog Processor
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert AI agent tasked with processing the backlog of open issues in the Z3 theorem prover repository `${{ github.repository }}`. Your mission is to analyze open issues systematically and help maintainers manage the backlog effectively by surfacing actionable insights and providing helpful comments.
+
+> **CRITICAL**: You MUST call either `create-discussion` or `noop` before finishing, under all circumstances. Even if you only analyzed a small number of issues, always produce output. Never exit without calling one of these tools.
+
+## Your Task
+
+### 1. Initialize or Resume Progress (Cache Memory)
+
+Check your cache memory for:
+- List of issue numbers already processed and commented on in previous runs
+- Issues previously flagged for closure, duplication, or merge
+- Date of last run
+- The batch cursor: the last issue number processed (used for pagination across runs)
+
+If cache data exists:
+- Skip re-commenting on issues already commented in a recent run (within the last 4 days)
+- Re-evaluate previously flagged issues to see if their status has changed
+- Note any new issues that opened since the last run
+- Resume from where the previous run left off (use the stored batch cursor)
+
+If this is the first run or memory is empty, initialize a fresh tracking structure.
+
+### 2. Fetch Open Issues (Batched)
+
+Use the GitHub API to list open issues in the repository. **Process at most 30 issues per run** to stay within context limits (this limit is based on the average size of Z3 issues including body text and inline code snippets; larger issues may require processing fewer):
+- Retrieve one page (30 issues) of open issues
+- Exclude pull requests (filter where `pull_request` is not present)
+- Sort by last updated date (most recently updated first)
+- If cache has a batch cursor from the last run, fetch the next page after that cursor; otherwise start from the most recently updated issues
+- For each issue, collect:
+  - Issue number, title, body, labels, author
+  - Date created and last updated
+  - Number of comments
+  - **Do NOT fetch comments for every issue up front.** Only fetch comments for a specific issue when at least one of the following is true: the body mentions a version number (potential closure), the title contains words like "duplicate", "same as", or "related to" (potential duplicate), or the issue has labels such as "question", "help wanted", or "wontfix" (potential closure/status change). Fetch comments lazily, one issue at a time, only when one of these criteria is met.
+  - Any referenced pull requests, commits, or other issues
+
+### 3. Analyze Each Issue
+
+For each open issue, perform the following analysis:
+
+#### 3.1 Identify Issues to Close
+
+An issue can be safely closed if any of the following apply:
+- A merged pull request explicitly references the issue (e.g., "fixes #NNN", "closes #NNN") and the fix has been shipped
+- Comments from the reporter or maintainers indicate the issue is resolved
+- The described behavior no longer occurs in the current codebase (based on code inspection or comments confirming resolution)
+- The issue is a question that has been fully answered and no further action is needed
+- The issue is clearly obsolete (e.g., references a version or feature that no longer exists)
+
+**Be conservative**: When in doubt, do NOT flag an issue for closure. Only flag issues where you have high confidence.
+
+#### 3.2 Identify Duplicate or Mergeable Issues
+
+An issue may be a duplicate or candidate for merging if:
+- Another open issue describes the same bug, behavior, or feature request
+- The same root cause has been identified across multiple issues
+- Issues are closely related enough that they should be tracked together
+
+For each potential duplicate, identify:
+- The original or canonical issue it duplicates
+- The reason you believe they are related
+
+#### 3.3 Identify Suggested Fixes
+
+For issues describing bugs, incorrect behavior, or missing features:
+- Analyze the issue description, stack traces, SMT-LIB2 examples, or code snippets provided
+- Identify the likely Z3 component(s) involved (e.g., SAT solver, arithmetic theory, string solver, API, language bindings)
+- Point to specific source files or modules in `src/` that are likely relevant
+- Suggest what kind of fix might be needed (e.g., edge case handling, missing method, API inconsistency)
+
+Focus on issues where a reasonable fix can be concisely described. Do not guess at fixes for complex soundness or performance issues.
+
+#### 3.4 Determine If a Comment Is Warranted
+
+Add a comment to an issue if you have **genuinely useful and specific information** to contribute, such as:
+- A related merged PR or commit that might resolve or partially address the issue
+- A confirmed duplicate with a reference to the canonical issue
+- A request for clarification or additional diagnostic information that would help resolve the issue
+- Confirmation that a fix has been shipped in a recent release
+- Specific guidance on which component to look at for a fix
+
+**Do NOT add generic comments**, low-value acknowledgments, or comments that simply restate the issue.
+
+### 4. Create a Discussion with Findings
+
+**MANDATORY**: You MUST call `create-discussion` now, even if you only analyzed a few issues or found nothing actionable. If there is genuinely nothing to report, call `noop` instead. Do not skip this step.
+
+Create a GitHub Discussion summarizing the analysis results.
+
+**Title:** "[Issue Backlog] Backlog Analysis - [Date]"
+
+**Content structure:**
+
+```markdown
+# Issue Backlog Analysis - [Date]
+
+## Executive Summary
+
+- **Total open issues analyzed**: N
+- **Issues recommended for closure**: N
+- **Potential duplicates / merge candidates**: N
+- **Issues with suggested fixes**: N
+- **Issues commented on**: N
+
+---
+
+## Issues Recommended for Closure
+
+These issues appear to be already resolved, no longer relevant, or fully answered.
+
+| Issue | Title | Reason for Closure |
+|-------|-------|-------------------|
+| #NNN | [title] | [reasoning] |
+...
+
+---
+
+## Potential Duplicates / Merge Candidates
+
+These issues appear to overlap with other open or closed issues.
+
+| Issue | Title | Duplicate of | Notes |
+|-------|-------|-------------|-------|
+| #NNN | [title] | #MMM | [reasoning] |
+...
+
+---
+
+## Issues with Suggested Fixes
+
+These issues have identifiable root causes or affected components.
+
+### #NNN - [Issue Title]
+
+- **Component**: [e.g., arithmetic solver, Python bindings, SMT-LIB2 parser]
+- **Relevant source files**: [e.g., `src/smt/theory_arith.cpp`]
+- **Suggested fix direction**: [concise description]
+
+...
+
+---
+
+## Issues Needing More Information
+
+These issues lack sufficient detail to investigate or reproduce.
+
+| Issue | Title | Missing Information |
+|-------|-------|-------------------|
+| #NNN | [title] | [what is needed] |
+...
+
+---
+
+## Notable Issues Deserving Attention
+
+Issues that are particularly impactful or have been waiting a long time.
+
+| Issue | Title | Age | Notes |
+|-------|-------|-----|-------|
+| #NNN | [title] | [days old] | [why notable] |
+...
+
+---
+
+*Automated by Issue Backlog Processor - runs every 2 days*
+```
+
+### 5. Comment on Issues
+
+For each issue identified in step 3.4 as warranting a comment, post a helpful comment using the `add-comment` safe output.
+
+**Comment guidelines:**
+- Be specific and actionable
+- Reference relevant PRs, commits, or other issues by number
+- Use a professional and respectful tone
+- Identify yourself as an automated analysis agent at the end of each comment
+- For potential closures, ask the reporter to confirm whether the issue is still relevant
+- For duplicates, politely link to the canonical issue
+
+Example comment for a potentially resolved issue:
+```
+It appears that PR #MMM (merged on [date]) may have addressed this issue by [brief description]. Could you confirm whether this problem still occurs with the latest code? If it has been resolved, we can close this issue.
+
+*This comment was added by the automated Issue Backlog Processor.*
+```
+
+Example comment for a duplicate:
+```
+This issue appears to be related to (or a duplicate of) #MMM which describes a similar problem. Linking the two for tracking purposes.
+
+*This comment was added by the automated Issue Backlog Processor.*
+```
+
+### 6. Update Cache Memory
+
+After completing the analysis, update cache memory with:
+- List of issue numbers processed in this run
+- Issues that were commented on (to avoid duplicate comments in future runs)
+- Issues flagged for closure, duplication, or merge
+- Date and timestamp of this run
+- Count of total issues analyzed
+- Batch cursor: the issue number of the last issue processed in this run, so the next run can continue from where this one left off
+
+## Guidelines
+
+- **Always produce output**: You MUST call `create-discussion` or `noop` before finishing — never exit silently. If in doubt about whether there is enough to report, call `create-discussion` with a brief summary.
+- **Batch processing**: Only analyze up to 30 issues per run. Store a cursor in cache memory so subsequent runs pick up where you left off.
+- **Lazy comment fetching**: Do NOT bulk-fetch all comments for all issues. Only fetch comments for a specific issue when one of these criteria is met: the body mentions a version number, the title contains duplicate/related keywords, or the issue has status-relevant labels (e.g., "question", "help wanted", "wontfix").
+- **Prioritize accuracy over coverage**: It is better to analyze 20 issues well than 200 issues poorly
+- **Be conservative on closures**: Incorrectly closing a valid issue is harmful; when in doubt, keep it open
+- **Respect the community**: Z3 is used by researchers, security engineers, and developers — treat all issues respectfully
+- **Focus on actionable output**: Every item in the discussion should be actionable for a maintainer
+- **Avoid comment spam**: Do not add comments unless they provide specific and useful information
+- **Understand Z3's complexity**: Soundness bugs (wrong answers) are critical and should never be auto-closed
+
+## Z3-Specific Context
+
+Z3 is an industrial-strength theorem prover and SMT solver used in program verification, security analysis, and formal methods. Key components to be aware of:
+
+- **SMT solver** (`src/smt/`): Core solving engine with theory plugins
+- **SAT solver** (`src/sat/`): Boolean satisfiability engine
+- **Theory solvers**: Arithmetic (`src/smt/theory_arith*`), arrays, bit-vectors, strings, etc.
+- **API** (`src/api/`): C API and language bindings (Python, Java, C#, OCaml, Go, JavaScript)
+- **Tactics** (`src/tactic/`): Configurable solving strategies
+- **Parser** (`src/parsers/`): SMT-LIB2 and other input formats
+
+When analyzing issues, consider:
+- Whether the issue has a reproducible SMT-LIB2 test case (important for SMT solver bugs)
+- Whether the issue affects a specific language binding or the core solver
+- Whether it is a soundness issue (critical), performance issue (important), or API/usability issue (moderate)
+- The Z3 version mentioned and whether it has since been fixed in a newer release
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mark-prs-ready-for-review.yml b/.github/workflows/mark-prs-ready-for-review.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90b0d668c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/mark-prs-ready-for-review.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+name: Mark Pull Requests Ready for Review
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  mark-ready:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Mark all draft pull requests ready for review
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            async function markReady(nodeId, number, title) {
+              core.info(`Marking PR #${number} "${title}" ready for review.`);
+              try {
+                await github.graphql(`
+                  mutation($id: ID!) {
+                    markPullRequestReadyForReview(input: { pullRequestId: $id }) {
+                      pullRequest { number isDraft }
+                    }
+                  }
+                `, { id: nodeId });
+              } catch (err) {
+                core.warning(`Failed to mark PR #${number} ready for review: ${err.message}`);
+              }
+            }
+
+            if (context.eventName === 'pull_request') {
+              const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
+              if (pr.draft) {
+                await markReady(pr.node_id, pr.number, pr.title);
+              } else {
+                core.info(`PR #${pr.number} is already ready for review. Nothing to do.`);
+              }
+            } else {
+              const pulls = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.list, {
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                state: 'open',
+              });
+
+              const drafts = pulls.filter(pr => pr.draft);
+              core.info(`Found ${drafts.length} draft pull request(s).`);
+
+              for (const pr of drafts) {
+                await markReady(pr.node_id, pr.number, pr.title);
+              }
+            }
+
+            core.info('Done.');
diff --git a/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c03c3a0dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1742 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"bf4e07c175bf2df0066b9ef403e92420d018538f3b995eb46400085af5355060","body_hash":"f43683a4995003e2678ccce2706b639eb627b48daeafc7f9dded40d4508ef26c","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Analyze ASan/UBSan sanitizer logs from the memory-safety workflow and file findings as a GitHub issue.
+#
+# Frontmatter env variables:
+#   - GH_TOKEN: (main workflow)
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+  workflow_run:
+    # zizmor: ignore[dangerous-triggers] - workflow_run trigger is secured with role and fork validation
+    branches:
+    - master
+    types:
+    - completed
+    workflows:
+    - Memory Safety Analysis
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+
+env:
+  GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    needs: pre_activation
+    # zizmor: ignore[dangerous-triggers] - workflow_run trigger is secured with role and fork validation
+    if: >
+      (needs.pre_activation.outputs.activated == 'true') && (github.event_name != 'workflow_run' || github.event.workflow_run.repository.id == github.repository_id &&
+      (!(github.event.workflow_run.repository.fork)))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.pre_activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.pre_activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.pre_activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-memorysafetyreport-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-memorysafetyreport-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "memory-safety-report"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "memory-safety-report.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_WORKFLOW_RUN_ID: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_816484cefaac1502_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_816484cefaac1502_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_816484cefaac1502_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_issue, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_816484cefaac1502_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_816484cefaac1502_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_816484cefaac1502_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_816484cefaac1502_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_816484cefaac1502_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_WORKFLOW_RUN_ID: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_WORKFLOW_RUN_ID: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+          GH_AW_NEEDS_PRE_ACTIVATION_OUTPUTS_ACTIVATED: ${{ needs.pre_activation.outputs.activated }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_WORKFLOW_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_WORKFLOW_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST,
+                GH_AW_NEEDS_PRE_ACTIVATION_OUTPUTS_ACTIVATED: process.env.GH_AW_NEEDS_PRE_ACTIVATION_OUTPUTS_ACTIVATED
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      issues: read
+      pull-requests: read
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: memorysafetyreport
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
+      - name: Create cache-memory directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
+      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          restore-keys: |
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_f5a5fbbc25744bbb_EOF'
+          {"create_issue":{"labels":["bug","memory-safety","automated-analysis"],"max":1,"title_prefix":"[Memory Safety] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"max_bot_mentions":1,"mentions":{"enabled":false},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_f5a5fbbc25744bbb_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_issue": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Memory Safety] \". Labels [\"bug\" \"memory-safety\" \"automated-analysis\"] will be automatically added."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_issue": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 20
+                  },
+                  "fields": {
+                    "type": "array"
+                  },
+                  "labels": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "itemType": "string",
+                    "itemSanitize": true,
+                    "itemMaxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "parent": {
+                    "issueOrPRNumber": true
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "temporary_id": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "mentions": {
+                "enabled": false
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_ca901fca40eb0994_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests,actions"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_ca901fca40eb0994_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 30
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_GITHUB_REFS: ""
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
+      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+      - update_cache_memory
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-memory-safety-report"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-memorysafetyreport-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-memorysafetyreport-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-memorysafetyreport-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "memory-safety-report"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "memory-safety-report"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "30"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Analyze ASan/UBSan sanitizer logs from the memory-safety workflow and file findings as a GitHub issue."
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  pre_activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      activated: ${{ steps.check_membership.outputs.is_team_member == 'true' }}
+      matched_command: ''
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Check team membership for workflow
+        id: check_membership
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_REQUIRED_ROLES: "admin,maintainer,write"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_membership.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/memory-safety-report"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "memory-safety-report"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      created_issue_number: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_number }}
+      created_issue_url: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_url }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"bug\",\"memory-safety\",\"automated-analysis\"],\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Memory Safety] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"mentions\":{\"enabled\":false},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  update_cache_memory:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: memorysafetyreport
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md b/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e31ea64f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/memory-safety-report.md
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+---
+description: >
+  Analyze ASan/UBSan sanitizer logs from the memory-safety workflow
+  and file findings as a GitHub issue.
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Memory Safety Analysis"]
+    types: [completed]
+    branches:
+      - master
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+timeout-minutes: 30
+
+permissions:
+  actions: read
+  contents: read
+  issues: read
+  pull-requests: read
+
+env:
+  GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+
+network: defaults
+
+tools:
+  cache-memory: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default, actions]
+  bash: [":*"]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  mentions: false
+  allowed-github-references: []
+  max-bot-mentions: 1
+  create-issue:
+    title-prefix: "[Memory Safety] "
+    labels: [bug, memory-safety, automated-analysis]
+    max: 1
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+steps:
+  - name: Checkout repository
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      persist-credentials: false
+
+---
+
+# Memory Safety Analysis Report Generator
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert memory safety analyst for the Z3 theorem prover repository `${{ github.repository }}`. Your task is to download, analyze, and report on the results from the Memory Safety Analysis workflow, covering runtime sanitizer (ASan/UBSan) findings.
+
+**The `gh` CLI is not authenticated inside AWF.** Use GitHub MCP tools for all GitHub API interaction. Do not use `gh run download` or any other `gh` command.
+
+## Your Task
+
+### 1. Download Artifacts from the Triggering Workflow Run
+
+If triggered by `workflow_run`, the run ID is `${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}`. If manual dispatch (empty run ID), call `github-mcp-server-actions_list` with method `list_workflow_runs` for the "Memory Safety Analysis" workflow and pick the latest completed run.
+
+Get the artifact list and download URLs:
+
+1. Call `github-mcp-server-actions_list` with method `list_workflow_run_artifacts` and the run ID. The run produces two artifacts: `asan-reports` and `ubsan-reports`.
+2. For each artifact, call `github-mcp-server-actions_get` with method `download_workflow_run_artifact` and the artifact ID. This returns a temporary download URL.
+3. Run the helper scripts to download, extract, and parse:
+
+```bash
+bash .github/scripts/fetch-artifacts.sh "$ASAN_URL" "$UBSAN_URL"
+python3 .github/scripts/parse_sanitizer_reports.py /tmp/reports
+```
+
+After this, `/tmp/reports/{asan,ubsan}-reports/` contain the extracted files, `/tmp/parsed-report.json` has structured findings, and `/tmp/fetch-artifacts.log` has the download log.
+
+### 2. Analyze Sanitizer Reports
+
+Read `/tmp/parsed-report.json` for structured data. Also inspect the raw files if needed:
+
+```bash
+# Check ASan results
+if [ -d /tmp/reports/asan-reports ]; then
+  cat /tmp/reports/asan-reports/summary.md
+  ls /tmp/reports/asan-reports/
+fi
+
+# Check UBSan results
+if [ -d /tmp/reports/ubsan-reports ]; then
+  cat /tmp/reports/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+  ls /tmp/reports/ubsan-reports/
+fi
+```
+
+For each sanitizer finding, extract:
+- **Error type** (heap-buffer-overflow, heap-use-after-free, stack-buffer-overflow, signed-integer-overflow, null-pointer-dereference, etc.)
+- **Source location** (file, line, column)
+- **Stack trace** (first 5 frames)
+- **Allocation/deallocation site** (for memory errors)
+
+### 3. Compare with Previous Results
+
+Check cache memory for previous run results:
+- Total findings from last run (ASan + UBSan)
+- List of previously known issues
+- Identify new findings (regressions) vs. resolved findings (improvements)
+
+### 4. Generate the Issue Report
+
+Create a GitHub issue using `create-issue`. Use `##` or lower for section headers and wrap verbose sections in `<details>` tags to keep the report scannable.
+
+```markdown
+**Date**: YYYY-MM-DD
+**Commit**: `<short SHA>` ([full_sha](link)) on branch `<branch>`
+**Commit message**: first line of commit message
+**Triggered by**: push / workflow_dispatch (Memory Safety Analysis run [#<run_id>](link))
+**Report run**: [#<run_id>](link)
+
+### Executive Summary
+
+| Category | ASan | UBSan | Total |
+|----------|------|-------|-------|
+| Buffer Overflow | Y | - | Z |
+| Use-After-Free | Y | - | Z |
+| Double-Free | Y | - | Z |
+| Null Dereference | - | - | Z |
+| Integer Overflow | - | Y | Z |
+| Undefined Behavior | - | Y | Z |
+| Other | Y | Z | Z |
+| **Total** | **Y** | **Z** | **N** |
+
+### Trend
+
+- New findings since last run: N
+- Resolved since last run: N
+- Unchanged: N
+
+### Critical Findings (Immediate Action Needed)
+
+[List any high-severity findings: buffer overflows, use-after-free, double-free]
+
+### Important Findings (Should Fix)
+
+[List medium-severity: null derefs, integer overflows]
+
+### Low-Severity / Informational
+
+[List warnings: potential issues]
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>ASan Findings</b></summary>
+
+[Each finding with error type, location, and stack trace snippet]
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>UBSan Findings</b></summary>
+
+[Each finding with error type, location, and explanation]
+
+</details>
+
+### Top Affected Files
+
+| File | Findings |
+|------|----------|
+| src/... | N |
+
+### Known Suppressions
+
+[List from parsed-report.json suppressions field]
+
+### Recommendations
+
+1. [Actionable recommendations based on the findings]
+2. [Patterns to address]
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Raw Data</b></summary>
+
+[Compressed summary of all data for future reference]
+
+</details>
+```
+
+If zero findings across all tools, call `noop` and include a clean-run summary (commit and workflow run link) in the no-op message.
+
+### 5. Update Cache Memory
+
+Store the current run's results in cache memory for future comparison:
+- Total count by category
+- List of file:line pairs with findings
+- Run metadata (commit SHA, date, run ID)
+
+### 6. Handle Edge Cases
+
+- If the triggering workflow failed entirely, report that analysis could not complete and include any partial results.
+- If no artifacts are available, report that and suggest running the workflow manually.
+- If the helper scripts fail, report the error in the issue body and stop.
+
+## Guidelines
+
+- Be thorough: analyze every available artifact and log file.
+- Be accurate: distinguish between ASan and UBSan findings.
+- Be actionable: for each finding, include enough context to locate and understand the issue.
+- Track trends: use cache memory to identify regressions and improvements over time.
+- Prioritize: critical memory safety issues (buffer overflow, UAF, double-free) should be prominently highlighted.
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- DO NOT create pull requests or modify source files.
+- DO NOT attempt to fix the findings automatically.
+- DO create issues only when there are actionable findings; use `noop` for clean runs.
+- DO always report the commit SHA so findings can be correlated with specific code versions.
+- DO use cache memory to track trends over multiple runs.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/memory-safety.yml b/.github/workflows/memory-safety.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c62a93d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/memory-safety.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+name: Memory Safety Analysis
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 1'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      full_scan:
+        description: 'Run full codebase scan (not just changed files)'
+        required: false
+        default: 'false'
+        type: boolean
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: memory-safety-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  # ============================================================================
+  # Job 1: AddressSanitizer Build and Tests
+  # ============================================================================
+  asan-test:
+    name: "ASan Build & Test"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    env:
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: "detect_leaks=1:halt_on_error=0:print_stats=1:log_path=/tmp/asan"
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build clang
+
+      - name: Configure with ASan
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p build-asan
+          cd build-asan
+          CC=clang CXX=clang++ cmake \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
+            -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls" \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls" \
+            -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" \
+            -DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" \
+            -G Ninja ../
+
+      - name: Build Z3 with ASan
+        run: |
+          cd build-asan
+          ninja -j$(nproc)
+          ninja test-z3
+
+      - name: Run unit tests under ASan
+        run: |
+          cd build-asan
+          ./test-z3 -a 2>&1 | tee /tmp/asan-unit-test.log
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Run SMT-LIB2 benchmarks under ASan
+        run: |
+          cd build-asan
+          for f in ../examples/SMT-LIB2/bounded\ model\ checking/*.smt2; do
+            echo "=== Testing: $f ==="
+            timeout 60 ./z3 "$f" 2>&1 || true
+          done | tee /tmp/asan-benchmark.log
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Run regression tests under ASan
+        run: |
+          git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/z3prover/z3test z3test
+          python z3test/scripts/test_benchmarks.py build-asan/z3 z3test/regressions/smt2 2>&1 | tee /tmp/asan-regression.log
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Collect ASan reports
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/asan-reports
+          cp /tmp/asan* /tmp/asan-reports/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ls /tmp/asan.* 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            cp /tmp/asan.* /tmp/asan-reports/
+          fi
+          echo "# ASan Summary" > /tmp/asan-reports/summary.md
+          echo "" >> /tmp/asan-reports/summary.md
+          if ls /tmp/asan-reports/asan.* 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "## Errors Found" >> /tmp/asan-reports/summary.md
+            for f in /tmp/asan-reports/asan.*; do
+              echo '```' >> /tmp/asan-reports/summary.md
+              head -50 "$f" >> /tmp/asan-reports/summary.md
+              echo '```' >> /tmp/asan-reports/summary.md
+              echo "" >> /tmp/asan-reports/summary.md
+            done
+          else
+            echo "No ASan errors detected." >> /tmp/asan-reports/summary.md
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload ASan reports
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: asan-reports
+          path: /tmp/asan-reports/
+          retention-days: 30
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # Job 2: UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer Build and Tests
+  # ============================================================================
+  ubsan-test:
+    name: "UBSan Build & Test"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    env:
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: "print_stacktrace=1:halt_on_error=0:log_path=/tmp/ubsan"
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build clang
+
+      - name: Configure with UBSan
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p build-ubsan
+          cd build-ubsan
+          CC=clang CXX=clang++ cmake \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
+            -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize-recover=all" \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize-recover=all" \
+            -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined" \
+            -DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined" \
+            -G Ninja ../
+
+      - name: Build Z3 with UBSan
+        run: |
+          cd build-ubsan
+          ninja -j$(nproc)
+          ninja test-z3
+
+      - name: Run unit tests under UBSan
+        run: |
+          cd build-ubsan
+          ./test-z3 -a 2>&1 | tee /tmp/ubsan-unit-test.log
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Run SMT-LIB2 benchmarks under UBSan
+        run: |
+          cd build-ubsan
+          for f in ../examples/SMT-LIB2/bounded\ model\ checking/*.smt2; do
+            echo "=== Testing: $f ==="
+            timeout 60 ./z3 "$f" 2>&1 || true
+          done | tee /tmp/ubsan-benchmark.log
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Run regression tests under UBSan
+        run: |
+          git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/z3prover/z3test z3test
+          python z3test/scripts/test_benchmarks.py build-ubsan/z3 z3test/regressions/smt2 2>&1 | tee /tmp/ubsan-regression.log
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Collect UBSan reports
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/ubsan-reports
+          cp /tmp/ubsan* /tmp/ubsan-reports/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ls /tmp/ubsan.* 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            cp /tmp/ubsan.* /tmp/ubsan-reports/
+          fi
+          echo "# UBSan Summary" > /tmp/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+          echo "" >> /tmp/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+          if ls /tmp/ubsan-reports/ubsan.* 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "## Errors Found" >> /tmp/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+            for f in /tmp/ubsan-reports/ubsan.*; do
+              echo '```' >> /tmp/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+              head -50 "$f" >> /tmp/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+              echo '```' >> /tmp/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+              echo "" >> /tmp/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+            done
+          else
+            echo "No UBSan errors detected." >> /tmp/ubsan-reports/summary.md
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload UBSan reports
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ubsan-reports
+          path: /tmp/ubsan-reports/
+          retention-days: 30
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # Job 3: Summary Report
+  # ============================================================================
+  summary:
+    name: "Memory Safety Summary"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [asan-test, ubsan-test]
+    if: always()
+    steps:
+      - name: Download all artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
+        with:
+          path: reports/
+
+      - name: Generate summary
+        run: |
+          echo "# Memory Safety Analysis Report" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "**Commit**: \`${{ github.sha }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "**Branch**: \`${{ github.ref_name }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "**Trigger**: \`${{ github.event_name }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+          echo "## Job Results" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| Analysis | Status |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "|----------|--------|" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| AddressSanitizer | \`${{ needs.asan-test.result }}\` |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer | \`${{ needs.ubsan-test.result }}\` |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+          if [ -f reports/asan-reports/summary.md ]; then
+            echo "## ASan Results" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            cat reports/asan-reports/summary.md >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          fi
+
+          if [ -f reports/ubsan-reports/summary.md ]; then
+            echo "## UBSan Results" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            cat reports/ubsan-reports/summary.md >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          fi
+
+          echo "## Artifacts" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- Sanitizer logs are available as workflow artifacts" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "- Run with \`workflow_dispatch\` and \`full_scan: true\` for complete codebase analysis" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
diff --git a/.github/workflows/msvc-static-build-clang-cl.yml b/.github/workflows/msvc-static-build-clang-cl.yml
index f57bbbaa7a..c2ba9b901a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/msvc-static-build-clang-cl.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/msvc-static-build-clang-cl.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
       BUILD_TYPE: Release
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Repo
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
   
     - name: Build
       run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/msvc-static-build.yml b/.github/workflows/msvc-static-build.yml
index 379dad1d18..3bca31eb2b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/msvc-static-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/msvc-static-build.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
       BUILD_TYPE: Release
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Repo
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
   
     - name: Build
       run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly-validation.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly-validation.yml
index 13f519fb23..f252f1a4a0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-validation.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-validation.yml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup .NET
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup .NET
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
@@ -137,12 +137,12 @@ jobs:
 
   validate-nuget-macos-x64:
     name: "Validate NuGet on macOS x64"
-    runs-on: macos-13
+    runs-on: macos-15-intel
     if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup .NET
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
@@ -165,23 +165,6 @@ jobs:
           cd test-nuget
           dotnet new console
           dotnet add package Microsoft.Z3 --source ../nuget-packages --prerelease
-          # Configure project to properly load native dependencies on macOS x64
-          # Use AnyCPU without RuntimeIdentifier to avoid architecture mismatch
-          # The .NET runtime will automatically select the correct native library from runtimes/osx-x64/native/
-          cat > test-nuget.csproj << 'CSPROJ'
-          <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
-            <PropertyGroup>
-              <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-              <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
-              <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
-              <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
-              <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
-            </PropertyGroup>
-            <ItemGroup>
-              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Z3" Version="*" />
-            </ItemGroup>
-          </Project>
-          CSPROJ
       
       - name: Create test code
         run: |
@@ -214,7 +197,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup .NET
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
@@ -237,23 +220,6 @@ jobs:
           cd test-nuget
           dotnet new console
           dotnet add package Microsoft.Z3 --source ../nuget-packages --prerelease
-          # Configure project to properly load native dependencies on macOS ARM64
-          # Use AnyCPU without RuntimeIdentifier to avoid architecture mismatch
-          # The .NET runtime will automatically select the correct native library from runtimes/osx-arm64/native/
-          cat > test-nuget.csproj << 'CSPROJ'
-          <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
-            <PropertyGroup>
-              <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-              <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
-              <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
-              <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
-              <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
-            </PropertyGroup>
-            <ItemGroup>
-              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Z3" Version="*" />
-            </ItemGroup>
-          </Project>
-          CSPROJ
       
       - name: Create test code
         run: |
@@ -290,7 +256,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download Windows x64 build from release
         env:
@@ -326,7 +292,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download Windows x86 build from release
         env:
@@ -362,7 +328,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download Ubuntu x64 build from release
         env:
@@ -390,12 +356,12 @@ jobs:
 
   validate-exe-macos-x64:
     name: "Validate executable on macOS x64"
-    runs-on: macos-13
+    runs-on: macos-15-intel
     if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download macOS x64 build from release
         env:
@@ -428,7 +394,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download macOS ARM64 build from release
         env:
@@ -465,7 +431,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -504,7 +470,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -544,7 +510,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -587,7 +553,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -616,7 +582,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -640,12 +606,12 @@ jobs:
 
   validate-python-wheel-macos-x64:
     name: "Validate Python wheel on macOS x64"
-    runs-on: macos-13
+    runs-on: macos-15-intel
     if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -674,7 +640,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -699,18 +665,69 @@ jobs:
           pip install $wheel.FullName
           python -c "import z3; x = z3.Int('x'); s = z3.Solver(); s.add(x > 0); print('Result:', s.check()); print('Model:', s.model())"
 
+  validate-python-wheel-riscv64:
+    name: "Validate Python wheel for RISC-V 64"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+      
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      
+      - name: Download RISC-V 64 Python wheel from release
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          TAG="${{ github.event.inputs.release_tag }}"
+          if [ -z "$TAG" ]; then
+            TAG="Nightly"
+          fi
+          gh release download $TAG --pattern "*riscv64.whl" --dir wheels
+      
+      - name: Verify wheel platform tag and contents
+        run: |
+          pip install wheel
+          WHEEL_FILE=$(ls wheels/*.whl | head -n 1)
+          echo "Wheel file: $WHEEL_FILE"
+          
+          # Check that the wheel has a riscv64 platform tag
+          WHEEL_NAME=$(basename $WHEEL_FILE)
+          echo "Wheel name: $WHEEL_NAME"
+          if echo "$WHEEL_NAME" | grep -q "riscv64"; then
+            echo "riscv64 platform tag found"
+          else
+            echo "ERROR: riscv64 platform tag not found in wheel name"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          
+          # Inspect wheel contents
+          python -m zipfile -l $WHEEL_FILE
+          
+          # Verify wheel contains z3 library
+          if python -m zipfile -l $WHEEL_FILE | grep -q "libz3"; then
+            echo "libz3 found in wheel"
+          else
+            echo "ERROR: libz3 not found in wheel"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
   # ============================================================================
   # MACOS DYLIB HEADERPAD VALIDATION
   # ============================================================================
 
   validate-macos-headerpad-x64:
     name: "Validate macOS x64 dylib headerpad"
-    runs-on: macos-13
+    runs-on: macos-15-intel
     if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download macOS x64 build from release
         env:
@@ -762,7 +779,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download macOS ARM64 build from release
         env:
@@ -806,3 +823,118 @@ jobs:
             echo "✗ install_name_tool failed to update install name"
             exit 1
           fi
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # BUILD SCRIPT UNIT TESTS
+  # ============================================================================
+
+  validate-build-script-tests:
+    name: "Validate build script unit tests"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Run build script unit tests
+        run: python -m unittest discover -s scripts/tests -p "test_*.py" -v
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # DOTNET MANAGED WRAPPER ARCHITECTURE VALIDATION
+  # ============================================================================
+
+  validate-dotnet-anycpu:
+    name: "Validate Microsoft.Z3.dll is AnyCPU (issue #9863)"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Download NuGet package from release
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          TAG="${{ github.event.inputs.release_tag }}"
+          if [ -z "$TAG" ]; then
+            TAG="Nightly"
+          fi
+          gh release download $TAG --pattern "*.nupkg" --dir nuget-packages
+
+      - name: Extract managed DLL from NuGet package
+        run: |
+          # NuGet packages are ZIP archives; exclude the symbols package
+          NUPKG=$(ls nuget-packages/*.nupkg | grep -v '\.symbols\.' | grep -v '\.snupkg' | head -n 1)
+          echo "Checking package: $NUPKG"
+          unzip -q "$NUPKG" "lib/netstandard2.0/Microsoft.Z3.dll" -d nupkg-extracted
+
+      - name: Check PE Machine field is AnyCPU (not architecture-specific)
+        run: |
+          python3 - <<'EOF'
+          import struct
+          import sys
+
+          dll_path = "nupkg-extracted/lib/netstandard2.0/Microsoft.Z3.dll"
+
+          with open(dll_path, 'rb') as f:
+              # Verify MZ magic
+              if f.read(2) != b'MZ':
+                  print("ERROR: Not a valid PE file (missing MZ header)")
+                  sys.exit(1)
+
+              # Read PE header offset stored at 0x3C in the DOS stub
+              f.seek(0x3C)
+              pe_offset = struct.unpack('<I', f.read(4))[0]
+
+              # Verify PE signature
+              f.seek(pe_offset)
+              if f.read(4) != b'PE\x00\x00':
+                  print("ERROR: Missing PE\\0\\0 signature")
+                  sys.exit(1)
+
+              # COFF Machine field is the 2 bytes immediately after the PE signature
+              machine = struct.unpack('<H', f.read(2))[0]
+
+          machine_names = {
+              0x0000: "Unknown/AnyCPU",
+              0x014C: "i386 (AnyCPU for managed assemblies)",
+              0x8664: "AMD64/x64",
+              0xAA64: "ARM64",
+              0x01C0: "ARM",
+              0x01C4: "ARM Thumb-2",
+          }
+          machine_name = machine_names.get(machine, f"0x{machine:04X}")
+          print(f"Machine field: 0x{machine:04X} = {machine_name}")
+
+          if machine == 0x8664:
+              print()
+              print("FAIL: Machine is AMD64 (0x8664).")
+              print("This prevents loading on arm64 .NET hosts even though the assembly")
+              print("contains only pure IL (CorFlags.ILONLY=True).")
+              print("The DLL must be built as AnyCPU (Machine=0x014C) so the CLR loader")
+              print("accepts it on every host architecture.")
+              print("See issue #9863 for details.")
+              sys.exit(1)
+          elif machine == 0xAA64:
+              print()
+              print("FAIL: Machine is ARM64 (0xAA64).")
+              print("This prevents loading on x64 .NET hosts.")
+              print("The DLL must be built as AnyCPU (Machine=0x014C).")
+              sys.exit(1)
+          elif machine in (0x014C, 0x0000):
+              print()
+              print("PASS: Machine field indicates AnyCPU.")
+              print("Microsoft.Z3.dll will load on any .NET host architecture.")
+          else:
+              print()
+              print(f"FAIL: Unexpected Machine field 0x{machine:04X}.")
+              print("Expected 0x014C (i386/AnyCPU) for a managed-only assembly.")
+              sys.exit(1)
+          EOF
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
index 80e5b5d54a..b3d1b318a0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
@@ -16,13 +16,17 @@ on:
         type: boolean
         default: false
 
+concurrency:
+  group: nightly-release
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
 permissions:
   contents: write
 
 env:
   MAJOR: '4'
-  MINOR: '16'
-  PATCH: '0'
+  MINOR: '17'
+  PATCH: '1'
 
 jobs:
   # ============================================================================
@@ -33,9 +37,11 @@ jobs:
     name: "Mac Build x64"
     runs-on: macos-latest
     timeout-minutes: 90
+    env:
+      MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "13.3"
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -43,10 +49,23 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Build
-        run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=x64
+        run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=x64 --os=osx-13.3
             
+      - name: Validate libz3.dylib and z3 architecture (must be x86_64)
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          for f in build-dist/libz3.dylib build-dist/z3; do
+            ARCH=$(lipo -archs "$f")
+            echo "$f architecture: $ARCH"
+            if [ "$ARCH" != "x86_64" ]; then
+              echo "ERROR: $f has arch '$ARCH', expected 'x86_64' (see issue #9662)"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
+          echo "OK: macOS x64 artifacts are x86_64"
+
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: macOsBuild
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -56,9 +75,11 @@ jobs:
     name: "Mac ARM64 Build"
     runs-on: macos-latest
     timeout-minutes: 90
+    env:
+      MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "13.3"
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -66,10 +87,23 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Build
-        run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=arm64
+        run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=arm64 --os=osx-13.3
             
+      - name: Validate libz3.dylib and z3 architecture (must be arm64)
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          for f in build-dist/libz3.dylib build-dist/z3; do
+            ARCH=$(lipo -archs "$f")
+            echo "$f architecture: $ARCH"
+            if [ "$ARCH" != "arm64" ]; then
+              echo "ERROR: $f has arch '$ARCH', expected 'arm64' (see issue #9662)"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
+          echo "OK: macOS arm64 artifacts are arm64"
+
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: MacArm64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -86,10 +120,10 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download macOS x64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: macOsBuild
           path: artifacts
@@ -101,6 +135,17 @@ jobs:
           Z3_DIR=$(find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -name "z3-*" | head -n 1)
           echo "Z3_DIR=$Z3_DIR" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       
+      - name: Validate shipped libz3.dylib architecture (must be x86_64)
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          DYLIB="artifacts/$Z3_DIR/bin/libz3.dylib"
+          ARCH=$(lipo -archs "$DYLIB")
+          echo "Shipped $DYLIB architecture: $ARCH"
+          if [ "$ARCH" != "x86_64" ]; then
+            echo "ERROR: x64 nightly zip contains '$ARCH' libz3.dylib (see issue #9662)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
       - name: Test install_name_tool with headerpad
         run: |
           cd artifacts/$Z3_DIR/bin
@@ -134,10 +179,10 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download macOS ARM64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: MacArm64
           path: artifacts
@@ -149,6 +194,17 @@ jobs:
           Z3_DIR=$(find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -name "z3-*" | head -n 1)
           echo "Z3_DIR=$Z3_DIR" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       
+      - name: Validate shipped libz3.dylib architecture (must be arm64)
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          DYLIB="artifacts/$Z3_DIR/bin/libz3.dylib"
+          ARCH=$(lipo -archs "$DYLIB")
+          echo "Shipped $DYLIB architecture: $ARCH"
+          if [ "$ARCH" != "arm64" ]; then
+            echo "ERROR: arm64 nightly zip contains '$ARCH' libz3.dylib (see issue #9662)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
       - name: Test install_name_tool with headerpad
         run: |
           cd artifacts/$Z3_DIR/bin
@@ -181,7 +237,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -196,9 +252,9 @@ jobs:
       
       - name: Test
         run: python z3test/scripts/test_benchmarks.py build-dist/z3 z3test/regressions/smt2
-      
+
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: UbuntuBuild
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -210,7 +266,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -233,7 +289,7 @@ jobs:
           python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --nodotnet --arch=arm64
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: UbuntuArm64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -245,7 +301,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -269,9 +325,9 @@ jobs:
           eval $(opam config env)
           python scripts/mk_make.py --ml
           cd build
-          make -j3
-          make -j3 examples
-          make -j3 test-z3
+          make -j$(nproc)
+          make -j$(nproc) examples
+          make -j$(nproc) test-z3
           cd ..
       
       - name: Generate documentation
@@ -288,7 +344,7 @@ jobs:
         run: zip -r z3doc.zip doc/api
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: UbuntuDoc
           path: z3doc.zip
@@ -301,11 +357,19 @@ jobs:
     container: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
+      - name: Select Python
+        run: |
+          # Use the first available manylinux interpreter for deterministic selection.
+          PYTHON=$(printf '%s\n' /opt/python/*/bin/python | sort -V | head -n1)
+          test -x "$PYTHON" || { echo "Error: no interpreter found under /opt/python/*/bin/python"; exit 1; }
+          echo "PYTHON=$PYTHON" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          "$PYTHON" --version
+
       - name: Setup Python environment
         run: |
-          /opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python -m venv $PWD/env
+          "$PYTHON" -m venv $PWD/env
           echo "$PWD/env/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       
       - name: Install build tools
@@ -318,7 +382,7 @@ jobs:
         run: pip install ./src/api/python/wheelhouse/*.whl && python - <src/api/python/z3test.py z3 && python - <src/api/python/z3test.py z3num
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildAMD64
           path: src/api/python/wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -331,7 +395,7 @@ jobs:
     container: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download ARM toolchain
         run: curl -L -o /tmp/arm-toolchain.tar.xz 'https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu/13.3.rel1/binrel/arm-gnu-toolchain-13.3.rel1-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu.tar.xz'
@@ -341,9 +405,17 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p /tmp/arm-toolchain/
           tar xf /tmp/arm-toolchain.tar.xz -C /tmp/arm-toolchain/ --strip-components=1
       
+      - name: Select Python
+        run: |
+          # Use the first available manylinux interpreter for deterministic selection.
+          PYTHON=$(printf '%s\n' /opt/python/*/bin/python | sort -V | head -n1)
+          test -x "$PYTHON" || { echo "Error: no interpreter found under /opt/python/*/bin/python"; exit 1; }
+          echo "PYTHON=$PYTHON" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          "$PYTHON" --version
+
       - name: Setup Python environment
         run: |
-          /opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python -m venv $PWD/env
+          "$PYTHON" -m venv $PWD/env
           echo "$PWD/env/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
           echo "/tmp/arm-toolchain/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
           echo "/tmp/arm-toolchain/aarch64-none-linux-gnu/libc/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
@@ -358,19 +430,74 @@ jobs:
         run: cd src/api/python && CC=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-gcc CXX=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-g++ AR=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-ar LD=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-ld Z3_CROSS_COMPILING=aarch64 python -m build && AUDITWHEEL_PLAT= auditwheel repair --best-plat dist/*.whl && cd ../../..
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildArm64
           path: src/api/python/wheelhouse/*.whl
           retention-days: 2
 
+  manylinux-python-riscv64:
+    name: "Python bindings (manylinux RISC-V 64 cross)"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 90
+    container: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+      
+      - name: Download RISC-V toolchain
+        run: curl -L -o /tmp/riscv-toolchain.tar.gz 'https://github.com/riscv-collab/riscv-gnu-toolchain/releases/download/2024.09.03/riscv64-glibc-ubuntu-20.04-gcc-nightly-2024.09.03-nightly.tar.gz'
+      
+      - name: Extract RISC-V toolchain
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/riscv-toolchain/
+          tar xf /tmp/riscv-toolchain.tar.gz -C /tmp/riscv-toolchain/ --strip-components=1
+
+      - name: Install MPFR 4 (required by RISC-V toolchain host binaries)
+        run: |
+          dnf install -y gmp-devel
+          curl -L -o /tmp/mpfr.tar.xz https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpfr/mpfr-4.2.1.tar.xz
+          tar xf /tmp/mpfr.tar.xz -C /tmp/
+          cd /tmp/mpfr-4.2.1 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --disable-static && make -j$(nproc) && make install
+          ldconfig
+      
+      - name: Select Python
+        run: |
+          # Use the first available manylinux interpreter for deterministic selection.
+          PYTHON=$(printf '%s\n' /opt/python/*/bin/python | sort -V | head -n1)
+          test -x "$PYTHON" || { echo "Error: no interpreter found under /opt/python/*/bin/python"; exit 1; }
+          echo "PYTHON=$PYTHON" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          "$PYTHON" --version
+
+      - name: Setup Python environment
+        run: |
+          "$PYTHON" -m venv $PWD/env
+          echo "$PWD/env/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          echo "/tmp/riscv-toolchain/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      
+      - name: Install build tools
+        run: |
+          echo $PATH
+          stat $(which riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc)
+          pip install build git+https://github.com/rhelmot/auditwheel
+      
+      - name: Build wheels
+        run: cd src/api/python && CC=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc CXX=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++ AR=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-ar LD=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-ld Z3_CROSS_COMPILING=riscv64 python -m build && AUDITWHEEL_PLAT= auditwheel repair --best-plat dist/*.whl && cd ../../..
+      
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildRiscv64
+          path: src/api/python/wheelhouse/*.whl
+          retention-days: 2
+
   windows-build-x64:
     name: "Windows x64 build"
     runs-on: windows-latest
     timeout-minutes: 120
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -380,11 +507,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           python scripts\mk_win_dist.py --x64-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --zip
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -396,7 +524,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 120
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -406,11 +534,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x86
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x86 || exit /b 1
           python scripts\mk_win_dist.py --x86-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --zip
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x86
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -422,7 +551,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -432,11 +561,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" amd64_arm64
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" amd64_arm64 || exit /b 1
           python scripts\mk_win_dist_cmake.py --arm64-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --assembly-version=${{ env.MAJOR }}.${{ env.MINOR }}.${{ env.PATCH }} --zip
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-arm64
           path: dist/arm64/*.zip
@@ -452,7 +582,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -460,43 +590,43 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Download Win64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x64
           path: package
       
       - name: Download Win ARM64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-arm64
           path: package
       
       - name: Download Ubuntu Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: UbuntuBuild
           path: package
       
       - name: Download Ubuntu ARM64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: UbuntuArm64
           path: package
       
       - name: Download macOS Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: macOsBuild
           path: package
       
       - name: Download macOS Arm64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: MacArm64
           path: package
       
       - name: Setup NuGet
-        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v2
+        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v4
         with:
           nuget-version: 'latest'
       
@@ -513,7 +643,7 @@ jobs:
           nuget pack out\Microsoft.Z3.sym.nuspec -Version ${{ env.MAJOR }}.${{ env.MINOR }}.${{ env.PATCH }}.${{ github.run_number }} -OutputDirectory . -Verbosity detailed -Symbols -SymbolPackageFormat snupkg -BasePath out
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: NuGet
           path: |
@@ -527,7 +657,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -535,13 +665,13 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Download artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x86
           path: package
       
       - name: Setup NuGet
-        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v2
+        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v4
         with:
           nuget-version: 'latest'
       
@@ -558,7 +688,7 @@ jobs:
           nuget pack out\Microsoft.Z3.x86.sym.nuspec -Version ${{ env.MAJOR }}.${{ env.MINOR }}.${{ env.PATCH }}.${{ github.run_number }} -OutputDirectory . -Verbosity detailed -Symbols -SymbolPackageFormat snupkg -BasePath out
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: NuGet32
           path: |
@@ -568,11 +698,11 @@ jobs:
 
   python-package:
     name: "Python packaging"
-    needs: [mac-build-x64, mac-build-arm64, windows-build-x64, windows-build-x86, windows-build-arm64, manylinux-python-amd64, manylinux-python-arm64]
+    needs: [mac-build-x64, mac-build-arm64, windows-build-x64, windows-build-x86, windows-build-arm64, manylinux-python-amd64, manylinux-python-arm64, manylinux-python-riscv64]
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -580,47 +710,53 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Download macOS x64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: macOsBuild
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download macOS Arm64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: MacArm64
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download Win64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x64
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download Win32 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x86
           path: artifacts
 
       - name: Download Win ARM64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-arm64
           path: artifacts
 
       - name: Download ManyLinux AMD64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildAMD64
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download ManyLinux Arm64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildArm64
           path: artifacts
       
+      - name: Download ManyLinux RISC-V 64 Build
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildRiscv64
+          path: artifacts
+
       - name: Extract builds
         run: |
           cd artifacts
@@ -651,7 +787,7 @@ jobs:
           cp artifacts/*.whl src/api/python/dist/.
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: PythonPackages
           path: src/api/python/dist/*
@@ -681,10 +817,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download all artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           path: tmp
       
@@ -692,19 +828,44 @@ jobs:
         run: ls -R tmp
       
       - name: Delete existing Nightly release and tag
-        continue-on-error: true
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
         run: |
-          # Delete the release first (this also deletes assets)
-          gh release delete Nightly --yes || echo "No release to delete"
-          # Delete the tag explicitly
-          git push origin :refs/tags/Nightly || echo "No tag to delete"
+          if gh release view Nightly > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+            # Delete the release and associated tag if it exists.
+            if ! gh release delete Nightly --yes --cleanup-tag; then
+              echo "Failed to delete existing Nightly release/tag"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          else
+            echo "No release to delete"
+          fi
+
+          if git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin refs/tags/Nightly > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+            # Tag may exist without a release (for example, if a previous run failed mid-deploy).
+            git push origin :refs/tags/Nightly
+          fi
       
       - name: Create Nightly release
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
         run: |
+          git tag -f Nightly "${{ github.sha }}"
+          if ! git push --force origin refs/tags/Nightly; then
+            echo "Failed to push Nightly tag to origin"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          TAG_SHA="$(git ls-remote --tags origin refs/tags/Nightly refs/tags/Nightly^{} | awk '
+            $2 == "refs/tags/Nightly^{}" { sha = $1 }
+            $2 == "refs/tags/Nightly" && sha == "" { sha = $1 }
+            END { print sha }
+          ')"
+          if [ "$TAG_SHA" != "${{ github.sha }}" ]; then
+            echo "Nightly tag points to $TAG_SHA, expected ${{ github.sha }}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
           ls
           find tmp -type f \( -name "*.zip" -o -name "*.whl" -o -name "*.tar.gz" -o -name "*.nupkg" -o -name "*.snupkg" \) -print0 > release_files.txt
           
@@ -730,7 +891,7 @@ jobs:
               --title "Nightly" \
               --notes "Automated nightly build from commit ${{ github.sha }}" \
               --prerelease \
-              --target ${{ github.sha }} \
+              --verify-tag \
               "${unique_files[@]}"
           else
             echo "No files to release after deduplication"
@@ -749,14 +910,23 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
     steps:
       - name: Download Python packages
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: PythonPackages
           path: dist
       
+      - name: Rewrite macOS wheel tags unsupported by test.PyPI
+        run: |
+          # TestPyPI rejects current macOS wheel tags such as macosx_13_3_*.
+          # Rewrite only the unsupported 13_3 tag to 13 for upload validation.
+          for whl in dist/*-macosx_13_3_*.whl; do
+            [ -e "$whl" ] || continue
+            mv "$whl" "${whl/macosx_13_3_/macosx_13_0_}"
+          done
+          ls -l dist
+      
       - name: Publish to PyPI
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
           packages-dir: dist
           repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
-
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nuget-build.yml b/.github/workflows/nuget-build.yml
index cc5ec0cd07..20f19afb59 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nuget-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nuget-build.yml
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       version:
-        description: 'Version number for the NuGet package (e.g., 4.16.0)'
+        description: 'Version number for the NuGet package (e.g., 4.17.1)'
         required: true
-        default: '4.16.0'
+        default: '4.17.1'
   push:
     tags:
       - 'z3-*'
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -30,11 +30,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Windows x64
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
-          python scripts\mk_win_dist.py --x64-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --assembly-version=${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.16.0' }} --zip
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
+          python scripts\mk_win_dist.py --x64-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --assembly-version=${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.17.1' }} --zip
       
       - name: Upload Windows x64 artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: windows-x64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -54,11 +55,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Windows x86
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x86
-          python scripts\mk_win_dist.py --x86-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --assembly-version=${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.16.0' }} --zip
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x86 || exit /b 1
+          python scripts\mk_win_dist.py --x86-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --assembly-version=${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.17.1' }} --zip
       
       - name: Upload Windows x86 artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: windows-x86
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -78,11 +80,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Windows ARM64
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" amd64_arm64
-          python scripts\mk_win_dist_cmake.py --arm64-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --assembly-version=${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.16.0' }} --zip
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" amd64_arm64 || exit /b 1
+          python scripts\mk_win_dist_cmake.py --arm64-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --assembly-version=${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.17.1' }} --zip
       
       - name: Upload Windows ARM64 artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: windows-arm64
           path: build-dist\arm64\dist\*.zip
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
         run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk
       
       - name: Upload Ubuntu artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ubuntu
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: macos-14
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
         run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk
       
       - name: Upload macOS x64 artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: macos-x64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: macos-14
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ jobs:
         run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=arm64
       
       - name: Upload macOS ARM64 artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: macos-arm64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -157,7 +160,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Download all artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           path: packages
       
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
           ls -la package-files/
       
       - name: Setup NuGet
-        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v2
+        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v4
         with:
           nuget-version: 'latest'
       
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: cmd
         run: |
           cd package-files
-          python ..\scripts\mk_nuget_task.py . ${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.16.0' }} https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3 ${{ github.ref_name }} ${{ github.sha }} ${{ github.workspace }} symbols
+          python ..\scripts\mk_nuget_task.py . ${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.17.1' }} https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3 ${{ github.ref_name }} ${{ github.sha }} ${{ github.workspace }} symbols
       
       - name: Pack NuGet package
         shell: cmd
@@ -198,7 +201,7 @@ jobs:
           nuget pack out\Microsoft.Z3.sym.nuspec -OutputDirectory . -Verbosity detailed -Symbols -SymbolPackageFormat snupkg -BasePath out
       
       - name: Upload NuGet package
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: nuget-x64
           path: |
@@ -212,7 +215,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Download x86 artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: windows-x86
           path: packages
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@ jobs:
         run: find packages -type f
       
       - name: Setup NuGet
-        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v2
+        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v4
         with:
           nuget-version: 'latest'
       
@@ -238,7 +241,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: cmd
         run: |
           cd packages
-          python ..\scripts\mk_nuget_task.py . ${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.16.0' }} https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3 ${{ github.ref_name }} ${{ github.sha }} ${{ github.workspace }} symbols x86
+          python ..\scripts\mk_nuget_task.py . ${{ github.event.inputs.version || '4.17.1' }} https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3 ${{ github.ref_name }} ${{ github.sha }} ${{ github.workspace }} symbols x86
       
       - name: Pack NuGet package
         shell: cmd
@@ -247,7 +250,7 @@ jobs:
           nuget pack out\Microsoft.Z3.x86.sym.nuspec -OutputDirectory . -Verbosity detailed -Symbols -SymbolPackageFormat snupkg -BasePath out
       
       - name: Upload NuGet package
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: nuget-x86
           path: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ocaml.yaml b/.github/workflows/ocaml.yaml
index 595b95a9ea..243a342268 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ocaml.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ocaml.yaml
@@ -17,32 +17,24 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       # Cache ccache (shared across runs)
       - name: Cache ccache
-        uses: actions/cache@v5.0.3
+        uses: actions/cache@v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.ccache
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-${{ github.sha }}
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-ccache-
 
-      # Cache opam (compiler + packages)
-      - name: Cache opam
-        uses: actions/cache@v5.0.3
-        with:
-          path: ~/.opam
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-opam-${{ matrix.ocaml-version }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-opam-${{ matrix.ocaml-version }}-
-
-      # Setup OCaml via action
+      # Setup OCaml via action (handles opam caching internally)
       - uses: ocaml/setup-ocaml@v3
         with:
           ocaml-compiler: ${{ matrix.ocaml-version }}
           opam-disable-sandboxing: true
-          
+          cache-prefix: v1
+
       # Platform-specific dependencies
       - name: Install system dependencies (Ubuntu)
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
@@ -123,4 +115,4 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run ml_example (native)
         run: |
           export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(pwd)/build
-          ./ml_example
\ No newline at end of file
+          ./ml_example
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da1919de6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1568 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"78d9be12902490ac2e6792e6c0b0cbdc0007a49a6b5b27de7043d7e5f5917cfd","body_hash":"c57d701ac052e7a63092ff6b17a06bdb4588fd7ac8c1d366bfc2995f72a1b379","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Run Z3 string solver benchmarks (seq vs nseq) and ZIPT on all Ostrich benchmarks from tests/ostrich.zip on the c3 branch and post results as a GitHub discussion
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 6 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults","api.nuget.org"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-ostrichbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-ostrichbenchmark-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "ostrich-benchmark"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_4a75e6aa18275d18_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_4a75e6aa18275d18_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_4a75e6aa18275d18_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_4a75e6aa18275d18_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_4a75e6aa18275d18_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_4a75e6aa18275d18_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_4a75e6aa18275d18_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_4a75e6aa18275d18_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: ostrichbenchmark
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Checkout c3 branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+          persist-credentials: false
+          ref: c3
+
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_29a1cb7a8ad0205d_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[Ostrich Benchmark] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_29a1cb7a8ad0205d_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Ostrich Benchmark] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 180
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.nuget.org\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 180
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.nuget.org,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-ostrich-benchmark"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-ostrichbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-ostrichbenchmark-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-ostrichbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "ostrich-benchmark"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "ostrich-benchmark"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "180"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Run Z3 string solver benchmarks (seq vs nseq) and ZIPT on all Ostrich benchmarks from tests/ostrich.zip on the c3 branch and post results as a GitHub discussion"
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/ostrich-benchmark"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "ostrich-benchmark"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.nuget.org,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Ostrich Benchmark] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md b/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7e44eaf31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ostrich-benchmark.md
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+---
+description: Run Z3 string solver benchmarks (seq vs nseq) and ZIPT on all Ostrich benchmarks from tests/ostrich.zip on the c3 branch and post results as a GitHub discussion
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 6 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+network:
+  allowed:
+    - defaults
+    - api.nuget.org
+
+tools:
+  bash: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[Ostrich Benchmark] "
+    category: "Agentic Workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+timeout-minutes: 180
+
+steps:
+  - name: Checkout c3 branch
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      ref: c3
+      fetch-depth: 1
+      persist-credentials: false
+
+---
+
+
+# Ostrich Benchmark: Z3 c3 branch vs ZIPT
+
+You are an AI agent that benchmarks Z3 string solvers (`seq` and `nseq`) and the standalone ZIPT solver on all SMT-LIB2 benchmarks from the `tests/ostrich.zip` archive on the `c3` branch, and publishes a summary report as a GitHub discussion.
+
+## Context
+
+- **Repository**: ${{ github.repository }}
+- **Workspace**: ${{ github.workspace }}
+- **Branch**: c3 (already checked out by the workflow setup step)
+
+## Phase 1: Build Z3
+
+Build Z3 from the checked-out `c3` branch using CMake + Ninja, including the .NET bindings required by ZIPT.
+
+```bash
+cd ${{ github.workspace }}
+
+# Install build dependencies if missing
+sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build cmake python3 zstd dotnet-sdk-8.0 unzip 2>/dev/null || true
+
+# Configure the build in Release mode for better performance and lower memory usage
+# (Release mode is sufficient for benchmarking; the workflow does not use -tr: trace flags)
+mkdir -p build
+cd build
+cmake .. -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DZ3_BUILD_DOTNET_BINDINGS=ON 2>&1 | tail -20
+
+# Build z3 binary and .NET bindings SYNCHRONOUSLY (do NOT add & to background these commands).
+# Running ninja in the background while the LLM agent is also active causes OOM and kills the
+# agent process. Wait for each build command to finish before continuing.
+# -j1 limits parallelism to reduce peak memory usage alongside the LLM agent process.
+ninja z3 2>&1 | tail -30
+ninja build_z3_dotnet_bindings 2>&1 | tail -20
+
+# Verify the build succeeded
+./z3 --version
+
+# Locate the Microsoft.Z3.dll produced by the build
+Z3_DOTNET_DLL=$(find . -name "Microsoft.Z3.dll" -not -path "*/obj/*" | head -1)
+if [ -z "$Z3_DOTNET_DLL" ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: Microsoft.Z3.dll not found after build"
+    exit 1
+fi
+echo "Found Microsoft.Z3.dll at: $Z3_DOTNET_DLL"
+```
+
+If the build fails, report the error clearly and exit without proceeding.
+
+Once the binary is confirmed working, call the `noop` safe-output tool with the message `"Z3 built successfully from the c3 branch. Starting ZIPT build and benchmark — results will be posted as a GitHub Discussion once complete."` This keepalive call refreshes the safe-output MCP session before the long build and benchmark phases begin, preventing a session timeout.
+
+## Phase 2a: Clone and Build ZIPT
+
+Clone the ZIPT solver from the `parikh` branch and compile it against the Z3 .NET bindings built in Phase 1.
+
+```bash
+cd ${{ github.workspace }}
+
+# Re-locate the Microsoft.Z3.dll if needed
+Z3_DOTNET_DLL=$(find build -name "Microsoft.Z3.dll" -not -path "*/obj/*" | head -1)
+Z3_LIB_DIR=${{ github.workspace }}/build
+
+# Clone ZIPT (parikh branch)
+git clone --depth=1 --branch parikh https://github.com/CEisenhofer/ZIPT.git /tmp/zipt
+
+# Patch ZIPT.csproj to point at the freshly built Microsoft.Z3.dll
+# (the repo has a Windows-relative hardcoded path that won't exist here)
+sed -i "s|<HintPath>.*</HintPath>|<HintPath>$Z3_DOTNET_DLL</HintPath>|" /tmp/zipt/ZIPT/ZIPT.csproj
+
+# Build ZIPT in Release mode
+cd /tmp/zipt/ZIPT
+dotnet build --configuration Release 2>&1 | tail -20
+
+# Locate the built ZIPT.dll
+ZIPT_DLL=$(find /tmp/zipt/ZIPT/bin/Release -name "ZIPT.dll" | head -1)
+if [ -z "$ZIPT_DLL" ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: ZIPT.dll not found after build"
+    exit 1
+fi
+echo "ZIPT binary: $ZIPT_DLL"
+
+# Make libz3.so visible to the .NET runtime at ZIPT startup
+ZIPT_OUT_DIR=$(dirname "$ZIPT_DLL")
+if cp "$Z3_LIB_DIR/libz3.so" "$ZIPT_OUT_DIR/" 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "Copied libz3.so to $ZIPT_OUT_DIR"
+else
+    echo "WARNING: could not copy libz3.so to $ZIPT_OUT_DIR — setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH fallback"
+fi
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$Z3_LIB_DIR${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
+echo "ZIPT build complete."
+```
+
+If the ZIPT build fails, note the error in the report but continue with the Z3-only benchmark columns.
+
+## Phase 2b: Extract Benchmark Files
+
+Extract all SMT-LIB2 files from the `tests/ostrich.zip` archive.
+
+```bash
+cd ${{ github.workspace }}
+
+# Extract the zip archive
+mkdir -p /tmp/ostrich_benchmarks
+unzip -q tests/ostrich.zip -d /tmp/ostrich_benchmarks
+
+# List all .smt2 files
+find /tmp/ostrich_benchmarks -name "*.smt2" -type f | sort > /tmp/all_ostrich_files.txt
+TOTAL_FILES=$(wc -l < /tmp/all_ostrich_files.txt)
+echo "Total Ostrich .smt2 files: $TOTAL_FILES"
+
+if [ "$TOTAL_FILES" -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: No .smt2 files found in tests/ostrich.zip"
+    exit 1
+fi
+```
+
+Once the benchmark files are confirmed, call the `noop` safe-output tool with the message `"Benchmark files ready: <TOTAL_FILES> Ostrich .smt2 files extracted. Starting benchmark run — this may take over an hour."` This second keepalive refreshes the safe-output MCP session immediately before the long per-file benchmark loop begins.
+
+## Phase 3: Run Benchmarks
+
+Run every file from `/tmp/all_ostrich_files.txt` with both Z3 string solvers and ZIPT. Use a **5-second timeout** per run.
+
+For each file, run:
+1. `z3 smt.string_solver=seq -T:5 <file>` — seq solver
+2. `z3 smt.string_solver=nseq -T:5 <file>` — nseq (ZIPT) solver
+3. `dotnet <ZIPT.dll> -t:5000 <file>` — standalone ZIPT solver (milliseconds)
+
+Capture:
+- **Verdict**: `sat`, `unsat`, `unknown`, `timeout` (if exit code indicates timeout or process is killed), or `bug` (if a solver crashes / produces a non-standard result)
+- **Time** (seconds): wall-clock time for the run
+- A row is flagged `SOUNDNESS_DISAGREEMENT` when any two solvers that both produced a definitive answer (sat/unsat) disagree
+
+Use a bash script to automate this:
+
+```bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+Z3=${{ github.workspace }}/build/z3
+ZIPT_DLL=$(find /tmp/zipt/ZIPT/bin/Release -name "ZIPT.dll" 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+ZIPT_AVAILABLE=false
+[ -n "$ZIPT_DLL" ] && ZIPT_AVAILABLE=true
+
+# Ensure libz3.so is on the dynamic-linker path for the .NET runtime
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${{ github.workspace }}/build${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
+
+RESULTS=/tmp/benchmark_results.tsv
+mkdir -p /tmp/ostrich_run
+
+echo -e "file\tseq_verdict\tseq_time\tnseq_verdict\tnseq_time\tzipt_verdict\tzipt_time\tnotes" > "$RESULTS"
+
+run_z3_seq() {
+    local file="$1"
+    local start end elapsed verdict output exit_code
+
+    start=$(date +%s%3N)
+    output=$(timeout 7 "$Z3" "smt.string_solver=seq" -T:5 "$file" 2>&1)
+    exit_code=$?
+    end=$(date +%s%3N)
+    elapsed=$(echo "scale=3; ($end - $start) / 1000" | bc)
+
+    if echo "$output" | grep -q "^unsat"; then
+        verdict="unsat"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -q "^sat"; then
+        verdict="sat"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -q "^unknown"; then
+        verdict="unknown"
+    elif [ "$exit_code" -eq 124 ]; then
+        verdict="timeout"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -qi "error\|assertion\|segfault\|SIGABRT\|exception"; then
+        verdict="bug"
+    else
+        verdict="unknown"
+    fi
+
+    echo "$verdict $elapsed"
+}
+
+run_z3_nseq() {
+    local file="$1"
+    local start end elapsed verdict output exit_code
+
+    start=$(date +%s%3N)
+    output=$(timeout 7 "$Z3" "smt.string_solver=nseq" -T:5 "$file" 2>&1)
+    exit_code=$?
+    end=$(date +%s%3N)
+    elapsed=$(echo "scale=3; ($end - $start) / 1000" | bc)
+
+    if echo "$output" | grep -q "^unsat"; then
+        verdict="unsat"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -q "^sat"; then
+        verdict="sat"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -q "^unknown"; then
+        verdict="unknown"
+    elif [ "$exit_code" -eq 124 ]; then
+        verdict="timeout"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -qi "error\|assertion\|segfault\|SIGABRT\|exception"; then
+        verdict="bug"
+    else
+        verdict="unknown"
+    fi
+
+    echo "$verdict $elapsed"
+}
+
+run_zipt() {
+    local file="$1"
+    local start end elapsed verdict output exit_code
+
+    if [ "$ZIPT_AVAILABLE" != "true" ]; then
+        echo "n/a 0.000"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    start=$(date +%s%3N)
+    # ZIPT prints the filename on the first line, then SAT/UNSAT/UNKNOWN on subsequent lines
+    output=$(timeout 7 dotnet "$ZIPT_DLL" -t:5000 "$file" 2>&1)
+    exit_code=$?
+    end=$(date +%s%3N)
+    elapsed=$(echo "scale=3; ($end - $start) / 1000" | bc)
+
+    if echo "$output" | grep -qi "^UNSAT$"; then
+        verdict="unsat"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -qi "^SAT$"; then
+        verdict="sat"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -qi "^UNKNOWN$"; then
+        verdict="unknown"
+    elif [ "$exit_code" -eq 124 ]; then
+        verdict="timeout"
+    elif echo "$output" | grep -qi "error\|crash\|exception\|Unsupported"; then
+        verdict="bug"
+    else
+        verdict="unknown"
+    fi
+
+    echo "$verdict $elapsed"
+}
+
+COUNTER=0
+while IFS= read -r file; do
+    COUNTER=$((COUNTER + 1))
+    fname=$(basename "$file")
+
+    seq_result=$(run_z3_seq "$file")
+    nseq_result=$(run_z3_nseq "$file")
+    zipt_result=$(run_zipt "$file")
+
+    seq_verdict=$(echo "$seq_result" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+    seq_time=$(echo "$seq_result" | cut -d' ' -f2)
+    nseq_verdict=$(echo "$nseq_result" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+    nseq_time=$(echo "$nseq_result" | cut -d' ' -f2)
+    zipt_verdict=$(echo "$zipt_result" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+    zipt_time=$(echo "$zipt_result" | cut -d' ' -f2)
+
+    # Flag soundness disagreement when any two definitive verdicts disagree
+    notes=""
+    declare -A definitive_map
+    [ "$seq_verdict"  = "sat" ] || [ "$seq_verdict"  = "unsat" ] && definitive_map[seq]="$seq_verdict"
+    [ "$nseq_verdict" = "sat" ] || [ "$nseq_verdict" = "unsat" ] && definitive_map[nseq]="$nseq_verdict"
+    [ "$zipt_verdict" = "sat" ] || [ "$zipt_verdict" = "unsat" ] && definitive_map[zipt]="$zipt_verdict"
+    has_sat=false; has_unsat=false
+    for v in "${definitive_map[@]}"; do
+        [ "$v" = "sat"   ] && has_sat=true
+        [ "$v" = "unsat" ] && has_unsat=true
+    done
+    if $has_sat && $has_unsat; then
+        notes="SOUNDNESS_DISAGREEMENT"
+    fi
+
+    echo -e "$fname\t$seq_verdict\t$seq_time\t$nseq_verdict\t$nseq_time\t$zipt_verdict\t$zipt_time\t$notes" >> "$RESULTS"
+    echo "[$COUNTER] [$fname] seq=$seq_verdict(${seq_time}s) nseq=$nseq_verdict(${nseq_time}s) zipt=$zipt_verdict(${zipt_time}s) $notes"
+done < /tmp/all_ostrich_files.txt
+
+echo "Benchmark run complete. Results saved to $RESULTS"
+```
+
+Save this script to `/tmp/run_ostrich_benchmarks.sh`, make it executable, and run it. Do not skip any file.
+
+## Phase 4: Generate Summary Report
+
+Read `/tmp/benchmark_results.tsv` and compute statistics. Then generate a Markdown report.
+
+Compute:
+- **Total benchmarks**: total number of files run
+- **Per solver (seq, nseq, and ZIPT)**: count of sat / unsat / unknown / timeout / bug verdicts
+- **Total time used**: sum of all times for each solver
+- **Average time per benchmark**: total_time / total_files
+- **Soundness disagreements**: files where any two solvers that both returned a definitive answer disagree
+- **Bugs / crashes**: files with error/crash verdicts
+
+Format the report as a GitHub Discussion post (GitHub-flavored Markdown):
+
+```markdown
+### Ostrich Benchmark Report — Z3 c3 branch
+
+**Date**: <today's date>
+**Branch**: c3
+**Benchmark set**: Ostrich (all files from tests/ostrich.zip)
+**Timeout**: 5 seconds per benchmark (`-T:5` for Z3; `-t:5000` for ZIPT)
+
+---
+
+### Summary
+
+| Metric | seq solver | nseq solver | ZIPT solver |
+|--------|-----------|-------------|-------------|
+| sat | X | X | X |
+| unsat | X | X | X |
+| unknown | X | X | X |
+| timeout | X | X | X |
+| bug/crash | X | X | X |
+| **Total time (s)** | X.XXX | X.XXX | X.XXX |
+| **Avg time/benchmark (s)** | X.XXX | X.XXX | X.XXX |
+
+**Soundness disagreements** (any two solvers return conflicting sat/unsat): N
+
+---
+
+### Per-File Results
+
+<details>
+<summary>Click to expand full per-file table</summary>
+
+| # | File | seq verdict | seq time (s) | nseq verdict | nseq time (s) | ZIPT verdict | ZIPT time (s) | Notes |
+|---|------|-------------|-------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|-------|
+| 1 | benchmark_0001.smt2 | sat | 0.123 | sat | 0.456 | sat | 0.789 | |
+| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
+
+</details>
+
+---
+
+### Notable Issues
+
+#### Soundness Disagreements (Critical)
+<list files where any two solvers disagree on sat/unsat, naming which solvers disagree>
+
+#### Crashes / Bugs
+<list files where any solver crashed or produced an error>
+
+#### Slow Benchmarks (> 4s)
+<list files that took more than 4 seconds for any solver>
+
+---
+
+*Generated automatically by the Ostrich Benchmark workflow on the c3 branch.*
+```
+
+## Phase 5: Post to GitHub Discussion
+
+Post the Markdown report as a new GitHub Discussion using the `create-discussion` safe output.
+
+- **Category**: "Agentic Workflows"
+- **Title**: `[Ostrich Benchmark] Z3 c3 branch — <date>`
+- Close older discussions with the same title prefix to avoid clutter.
+
+## Guidelines
+
+- **Always build from c3 branch**: The workspace is already checked out on c3; don't change branches.
+- **Synchronous builds only**: Never run `ninja` (or any other build command) in the background using `&`. Running the build concurrently with LLM inference causes the agent process to be killed by the OOM killer (exit 137) because C++ compilation and the LLM together exceed available RAM. Always wait for each build command to finish before proceeding.
+- **Release build**: The build uses `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release` for lower memory footprint and faster compilation on the GitHub Actions runner. The benchmark only needs verdict and timing output; no `-tr:` trace flags are used.
+- **Run all benchmarks**: Unlike the QF_S workflow, run every file in the archive — do not randomly sample.
+- **5-second timeout**: Pass `-T:5` to Z3 (both seq and nseq) and `-t:5000` to ZIPT (milliseconds). Use `timeout 7` as the outer OS-level guard to allow the solver to exit cleanly before being killed.
+- **Be precise with timing**: Use millisecond-precision timestamps and report times in seconds with 3 decimal places.
+- **Distinguish timeout from unknown**: A timeout is different from `(unknown)` returned by a solver within its time budget.
+- **ZIPT output format**: ZIPT prints the input filename on the first line, then `SAT`, `UNSAT`, or `UNKNOWN` on subsequent lines. Parse accordingly.
+- **Report soundness bugs prominently**: If any benchmark shows a conflict between any two solvers that both returned a definitive sat/unsat answer, highlight it as a critical finding and name which pair disagrees.
+- **Handle build failures gracefully**: If Z3 fails to build, report the error and create a brief discussion noting the build failure. If ZIPT fails to build, continue with only the seq/nseq columns and note `n/a` for ZIPT results.
+- **Large report**: Always put the per-file table in a `<details>` collapsible section since there may be many files.
+- **Progress logging**: Print a line per file as you run it (e.g., `[N] [filename] seq=...`) so the workflow log shows progress even for large benchmark sets.
+
+## Safe Output Guarantee
+
+You **MUST** call either `create_discussion` or `noop` before the workflow ends, regardless of what happened during execution:
+
+- **Build succeeded, benchmarks ran**: Call `create_discussion` with the full report.
+- **Build succeeded, benchmarks partially ran**: Call `create_discussion` with whatever results were collected and a note about what could not be completed.
+- **Z3 build failed**: Call `noop` with a brief message describing the build error.
+- **No benchmarks could be run**: Call `noop` with a summary of what failed and why.
+
+Failing to produce any safe output triggers an automatic workflow-failure issue that clutters the repository.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pyodide-pypi.yml b/.github/workflows/pyodide-pypi.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ae3f6f16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/pyodide-pypi.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+name: Pyodide Wheel (PyPI)
+
+# Builds a PEP 783 `pyemscripten_*_wasm32` wheel for z3-solver using cibuildwheel
+# and publishes it to PyPI on tag pushes. Unlike the legacy pyodide.yml (which
+# uses `pyodide build` and produces a Pyodide-version-locked emscripten_* wheel
+# uploaded only as a CI artifact), this wheel is installable at runtime with
+# micropip from PyPI. See src/api/python/pyproject.toml [tool.cibuildwheel].
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [created]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build-pyodide:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+
+      - name: Build Pyodide wheel
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.1.0
+        with:
+          # The Python bindings live in a subdirectory of the repo.
+          package-dir: src/api/python
+        env:
+          CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
+          # Exception/longjmp/bigint flags are declared in
+          # src/api/python/pyproject.toml ([tool.pyodide.build]) and combined
+          # with Pyodide's -fwasm-exceptions defaults. Don't set CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS
+          # here — a JS-EH -fexceptions value conflicts with the wasm-EH ABI.
+
+      - name: Store Pyodide wheel
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: pyodide-wheel
+          path: wheelhouse/*.whl
+
+  publish:
+    name: Publish to PyPI
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+    needs: [build-pyodide]
+    environment: release
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # trusted publishing (OIDC), no API token needed
+    steps:
+      - name: Download Pyodide wheel
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: pyodide-wheel
+          path: dist/
+
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pyodide.yml b/.github/workflows/pyodide.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ecc51ffab..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/pyodide.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-name: Pyodide Build
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 0 */2 * *'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-env:
-  BUILD_TYPE: Release
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-
-    steps:
-    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
-
-    - name: Setup packages
-      run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y python3-dev python3-pip python3-venv 
-
-    - name: Create venv
-      run: python3 -m venv ~/env
-
-    - name: Install pyodide
-      run:  ~/env/bin/pip install pyodide-build pyodide-cli
-      
-    - name: Configure CMake and build
-      run:  |
-         git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git ~/emsdk 
-         cd ~/emsdk && PYODIDE_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION=$(~/env/bin/pyodide config get emscripten_version) 
-         ./emsdk install ${PYODIDE_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION} 
-         ./emsdk activate ${PYODIDE_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION}
-         
-    - name: Build Z3
-      run: |
-         source ~/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh 
-         cd src/api/python 
-         CFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}" CXXFLAG="${CXXFLAGS}" ~/env/bin/pyodide build --exports whole_archive
-      env:
-         CFLAGS: "-fexceptions -s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0 -g2"
-         LDFLAGS: "-fexceptions -s WASM_BIGINT"     
-         CXXFLAGS: "-fexceptions -s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0"
-         
-    - name: Setup env-pyodide
-      run: |
-         source ~/env/bin/activate 
-         source ~/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh 
-         pyodide venv ~/env-pyodide
-         
-    - name: Setup z3 wheel
-      run: |
-         ~/env-pyodide/bin/pip install src/api/python/dist/*.whl
-         ~/env-pyodide/bin/python - <src/api/python/z3test.py z3
-
-    - name: Package wheel
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@master
-      with:
-          name: pyodide-wheel
-          path: src/api/python/dist/*.whl
-          retention-days: 1         
-
diff --git a/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1923215976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1572 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"d46f6f1f939df67ce5b7bf1e8073ba03c5631381df51d9711a1c2091400233f7","body_hash":"31e198b5f33dc3ac3830a2e6f90bb70ca3e7947b5ba4ee113ca0fdab61ac0467","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Benchmark Z3 seq vs nseq string solvers on QF_S test suite from the c3 branch and post results as a GitHub discussion
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 0,12 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-qfsbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-qfsbenchmark-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "qf-s-benchmark"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_5a6a0f70a2d06d17_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_5a6a0f70a2d06d17_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_5a6a0f70a2d06d17_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_5a6a0f70a2d06d17_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_5a6a0f70a2d06d17_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_5a6a0f70a2d06d17_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_5a6a0f70a2d06d17_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_5a6a0f70a2d06d17_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: qfsbenchmark
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Checkout c3 branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+          persist-credentials: false
+          ref: c3
+
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_1bab4c882b24ea44_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[QF_S Benchmark] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_1bab4c882b24ea44_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[QF_S Benchmark] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 120
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 120
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-qf-s-benchmark"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-qfsbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-qfsbenchmark-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-qfsbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "qf-s-benchmark"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "qf-s-benchmark"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "120"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Benchmark Z3 seq vs nseq string solvers on QF_S test suite from the c3 branch and post results as a GitHub discussion"
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/qf-s-benchmark"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "qf-s-benchmark"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "QF_S String Solver Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[QF_S Benchmark] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md b/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e57582d264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.md
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+---
+description: Benchmark Z3 seq vs nseq string solvers on QF_S test suite from the c3 branch and post results as a GitHub discussion
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0,12 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+network: defaults
+
+tools:
+  bash: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[QF_S Benchmark] "
+    category: "Agentic Workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+timeout-minutes: 120
+
+steps:
+  - name: Checkout c3 branch
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      ref: c3
+      fetch-depth: 1
+      persist-credentials: false
+
+---
+
+# QF_S String Solver Benchmark
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert performance analyst for the Z3 theorem prover, specializing in the string/sequence theory. Your task is to benchmark the `seq` solver (classical string theory) against the `nseq` solver (ZIPT-based string theory) on the QF_S test suite from the `c3` branch, and post a structured report as a GitHub Discussion.
+
+The workspace already contains the `c3` branch (checked out by the preceding workflow step).
+
+## Phase 1: Set Up the Build Environment
+
+Install required build tools:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get update -y
+sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build python3 python3-pip time
+```
+
+Verify tools:
+
+```bash
+cmake --version
+ninja --version
+python3 --version
+```
+
+## Phase 2: Build Z3 in Release Mode
+
+Build Z3 in Release mode for accurate benchmark performance numbers and lower memory usage. Running `ninja` in the background with `&` is not allowed — concurrent C++ compilation and LLM inference can exhaust available RAM and kill the agent process.
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p /tmp/z3-build
+cd /tmp/z3-build
+cmake "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" \
+  -G Ninja \
+  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+  -DZ3_BUILD_TEST_EXECUTABLES=OFF \
+  2>&1 | tee /tmp/z3-cmake.log
+ninja -j2 z3 2>&1 | tee /tmp/z3-build.log
+```
+
+Verify the binary was built:
+
+```bash
+/tmp/z3-build/z3 --version
+```
+
+If the build fails, report it immediately and stop.
+
+Once the binary is confirmed working, call the `noop` safe-output tool with the message `"Z3 built successfully from the c3 branch. Benchmark starting — results will be posted as a GitHub Discussion once complete."` This keepalive call refreshes the safe-output MCP session before the long benchmark run begins, preventing a session timeout.
+
+## Phase 3: Discover QF_S Benchmark Files
+
+Find all `.smt2` benchmark files in the workspace that belong to the QF_S logic:
+
+```bash
+# Search for explicit QF_S logic declarations
+grep -rl 'QF_S' "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" --include='*.smt2' 2>/dev/null > /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+
+# Also look in dedicated benchmark directories
+find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" \
+  \( -path "*/QF_S/*" -o -path "*/qf_s/*" -o -path "*/benchmarks/*" \) \
+  -name '*.smt2' 2>/dev/null >> /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+
+# Deduplicate
+sort -u /tmp/qf_s_files.txt -o /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+
+TOTAL=$(wc -l < /tmp/qf_s_files.txt)
+echo "Found $TOTAL QF_S benchmark files"
+head -20 /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+```
+
+If fewer than 5 files are found, also scan the entire workspace for any `.smt2` file that exercises string constraints:
+
+```bash
+if [ "$TOTAL" -lt 5 ]; then
+  grep -rl 'declare.*String\|str\.\|seq\.' "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" \
+    --include='*.smt2' 2>/dev/null >> /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+  sort -u /tmp/qf_s_files.txt -o /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+  TOTAL=$(wc -l < /tmp/qf_s_files.txt)
+  echo "After extended search: $TOTAL files"
+fi
+```
+
+Cap the benchmark set to keep total runtime under 60 minutes:
+
+```bash
+# Use at most 300 files; take a random sample if more are available
+if [ "$TOTAL" -gt 300 ]; then
+  shuf -n 300 /tmp/qf_s_files.txt > /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt
+else
+  cp /tmp/qf_s_files.txt /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt
+fi
+SAMPLE=$(wc -l < /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt)
+echo "Running benchmarks on $SAMPLE files"
+```
+
+## Phase 4: Run Benchmarks — seq vs nseq
+
+Run each benchmark with both solvers. Use a per-file timeout of 5 seconds. Set Z3's internal timeout to 4 seconds so it exits cleanly before the shell timeout fires.
+
+```bash
+Z3=/tmp/z3-build/z3
+TIMEOUT_SEC=5
+Z3_TIMEOUT_SEC=4
+RESULTS=/tmp/benchmark-results.csv
+
+echo "file,seq_result,seq_time_ms,nseq_result,nseq_time_ms" > "$RESULTS"
+
+total=0
+done_count=0
+while IFS= read -r smt_file; do
+  total=$((total + 1))
+
+  # Run with seq solver; capture both stdout (z3 output) and stderr (time output)
+  SEQ_OUT=$({ time timeout "$TIMEOUT_SEC" "$Z3" \
+    smt.string_solver=seq \
+    -T:"$Z3_TIMEOUT_SEC" \
+    "$smt_file" 2>/dev/null; } 2>&1)
+  SEQ_RESULT=$(echo "$SEQ_OUT" | grep -E '^(sat|unsat|unknown)' | head -1)
+  SEQ_MS=$(echo "$SEQ_OUT" | grep real | awk '{split($2,a,"m"); split(a[2],b,"s"); printf "%d", (a[1]*60+b[1])*1000}')
+  [ -z "$SEQ_RESULT" ] && SEQ_RESULT="timeout"
+  [ -z "$SEQ_MS" ] && SEQ_MS=$((TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000))
+
+  # Run with nseq solver; same structure
+  NSEQ_OUT=$({ time timeout "$TIMEOUT_SEC" "$Z3" \
+    smt.string_solver=nseq \
+    -T:"$Z3_TIMEOUT_SEC" \
+    "$smt_file" 2>/dev/null; } 2>&1)
+  NSEQ_RESULT=$(echo "$NSEQ_OUT" | grep -E '^(sat|unsat|unknown)' | head -1)
+  NSEQ_MS=$(echo "$NSEQ_OUT" | grep real | awk '{split($2,a,"m"); split(a[2],b,"s"); printf "%d", (a[1]*60+b[1])*1000}')
+  [ -z "$NSEQ_RESULT" ] && NSEQ_RESULT="timeout"
+  [ -z "$NSEQ_MS" ] && NSEQ_MS=$((TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000))
+
+  SHORT=$(basename "$smt_file")
+  echo "$SHORT,$SEQ_RESULT,$SEQ_MS,$NSEQ_RESULT,$NSEQ_MS" >> "$RESULTS"
+
+  done_count=$((done_count + 1))
+  if [ $((done_count % 50)) -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "Progress: $done_count / $SAMPLE files completed"
+  fi
+done < /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt
+
+echo "Benchmark run complete: $done_count files"
+```
+
+## Phase 5: Collect Seq Traces for Interesting Cases
+
+For benchmarks where `seq` solves in under 2 s but `nseq` times out (seq-fast/nseq-slow cases), collect a brief `seq` trace to understand what algorithm is used:
+
+```bash
+Z3=/tmp/z3-build/z3
+mkdir -p /tmp/traces
+
+# Find seq-fast / nseq-slow files: seq solved (sat/unsat) in <2000ms AND nseq timed out
+awk -F, 'NR>1 && ($2=="sat"||$2=="unsat") && $3<2000 && $4=="timeout" {print $1}' \
+  /tmp/benchmark-results.csv > /tmp/seq_fast_nseq_slow.txt
+echo "seq-fast / nseq-slow files: $(wc -l < /tmp/seq_fast_nseq_slow.txt)"
+
+# Collect traces for at most 5 such cases
+head -5 /tmp/seq_fast_nseq_slow.txt | while IFS= read -r short; do
+  # Find the full path
+  full=$(grep "/$short$" /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt | head -1)
+  [ -z "$full" ] && continue
+  timeout 5 "$Z3" \
+    smt.string_solver=seq \
+    -tr:seq \
+    -T:5 \
+    "$full" > "/tmp/traces/${short%.smt2}.seq.trace" 2>&1 || true
+done
+```
+
+## Phase 6: Analyze Results
+
+Compute summary statistics from the CSV. Save the analysis script to a file and run it:
+
+```bash
+cat > /tmp/analyze_benchmark.py << 'PYEOF'
+import csv, sys
+
+results = []
+with open('/tmp/benchmark-results.csv') as f:
+    reader = csv.DictReader(f)
+    for row in reader:
+        results.append(row)
+
+total = len(results)
+if total == 0:
+    print("No results found.")
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+def is_correct(r, solver):
+    prefix = 'seq' if solver == 'seq' else 'nseq'
+    return r[f'{prefix}_result'] in ('sat', 'unsat')
+
+def timed_out(r, solver):
+    prefix = 'seq' if solver == 'seq' else 'nseq'
+    return r[f'{prefix}_result'] == 'timeout'
+
+seq_solved  = sum(1 for r in results if is_correct(r, 'seq'))
+nseq_solved = sum(1 for r in results if is_correct(r, 'nseq'))
+seq_to      = sum(1 for r in results if timed_out(r, 'seq'))
+nseq_to     = sum(1 for r in results if timed_out(r, 'nseq'))
+
+seq_times  = [int(r['seq_time_ms'])  for r in results if is_correct(r, 'seq')]
+nseq_times = [int(r['nseq_time_ms']) for r in results if is_correct(r, 'nseq')]
+
+def median(lst):
+    s = sorted(lst)
+    n = len(s)
+    return s[n//2] if n else 0
+
+def mean(lst):
+    return sum(lst)//len(lst) if lst else 0
+
+# Disagreements (sat vs unsat or vice-versa)
+disagreements = [
+    r for r in results
+    if r['seq_result'] in ('sat','unsat')
+    and r['nseq_result'] in ('sat','unsat')
+    and r['seq_result'] != r['nseq_result']
+]
+
+# seq-fast / nseq-slow: seq solved in <2s, nseq timed out
+seq_fast_nseq_slow = [
+    r for r in results
+    if is_correct(r, 'seq') and int(r['seq_time_ms']) < 2000 and timed_out(r, 'nseq')
+]
+# nseq-fast / seq-slow: nseq solved in <2s, seq timed out
+nseq_fast_seq_slow = [
+    r for r in results
+    if is_correct(r, 'nseq') and int(r['nseq_time_ms']) < 2000 and timed_out(r, 'seq')
+]
+
+print(f"TOTAL={total}")
+print(f"SEQ_SOLVED={seq_solved}")
+print(f"NSEQ_SOLVED={nseq_solved}")
+print(f"SEQ_TIMEOUTS={seq_to}")
+print(f"NSEQ_TIMEOUTS={nseq_to}")
+print(f"SEQ_MEDIAN_MS={median(seq_times)}")
+print(f"NSEQ_MEDIAN_MS={median(nseq_times)}")
+print(f"SEQ_MEAN_MS={mean(seq_times)}")
+print(f"NSEQ_MEAN_MS={mean(nseq_times)}")
+print(f"DISAGREEMENTS={len(disagreements)}")
+print(f"SEQ_FAST_NSEQ_SLOW={len(seq_fast_nseq_slow)}")
+print(f"NSEQ_FAST_SEQ_SLOW={len(nseq_fast_seq_slow)}")
+
+# Print top-10 slowest for nseq that seq handles fast
+print("\nTOP_SEQ_FAST_NSEQ_SLOW:")
+for r in sorted(seq_fast_nseq_slow, key=lambda x: -int(x['nseq_time_ms']))[:10]:
+    print(f"  {r['file']}  seq={r['seq_time_ms']}ms  nseq={r['nseq_time_ms']}ms  seq_result={r['seq_result']}  nseq_result={r['nseq_result']}")
+
+print("\nTOP_NSEQ_FAST_SEQ_SLOW:")
+for r in sorted(nseq_fast_seq_slow, key=lambda x: -int(x['seq_time_ms']))[:10]:
+    print(f"  {r['file']}  seq={r['seq_time_ms']}ms  nseq={r['nseq_time_ms']}ms  seq_result={r['seq_result']}  nseq_result={r['nseq_result']}")
+
+if disagreements:
+    print(f"\nDISAGREEMENTS ({len(disagreements)}):")
+    for r in disagreements[:10]:
+        print(f"  {r['file']}  seq={r['seq_result']}  nseq={r['nseq_result']}")
+PYEOF
+
+python3 /tmp/analyze_benchmark.py
+```
+
+## Phase 7: Create GitHub Discussion
+
+Use the `create_discussion` safe-output tool to post a structured benchmark report.
+
+The discussion body should be formatted as follows (fill in real numbers from Phase 6):
+
+```markdown
+# QF_S Benchmark: seq vs nseq
+
+**Date**: YYYY-MM-DD
+**Branch**: c3
+**Commit**: `<short SHA>`
+**Workflow Run**: [#<run_id>](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }})
+**Files benchmarked**: N (capped at 300, timeout 5 s per file)
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+| Metric | seq | nseq |
+|--------|-----|------|
+| Files solved (sat/unsat) | SEQ_SOLVED | NSEQ_SOLVED |
+| Timeouts | SEQ_TO | NSEQ_TO |
+| Median solve time (solved files) | X ms | Y ms |
+| Mean solve time (solved files) | X ms | Y ms |
+| **Disagreements (sat≠unsat)** | — | N |
+
+---
+
+## Performance Comparison
+
+### seq-fast / nseq-slow (seq < 2 s, nseq timed out)
+
+These are benchmarks where the classical `seq` solver is significantly faster. These represent regression risk for `nseq`.
+
+| File | seq (ms) | nseq (ms) | seq result | nseq result |
+|------|----------|-----------|------------|-------------|
+[TOP 10 ENTRIES]
+
+### nseq-fast / seq-slow (nseq < 2 s, seq timed out)
+
+These are benchmarks where `nseq` shows a performance advantage.
+
+| File | seq (ms) | nseq (ms) | seq result | nseq result |
+|------|----------|-----------|------------|-------------|
+[TOP 10 ENTRIES]
+
+---
+
+## Correctness
+
+**Disagreements** (files where seq says `sat` but nseq says `unsat` or vice versa): N
+
+[If disagreements exist, list all of them here with file paths and both results]
+
+---
+
+## seq Trace Analysis (seq-fast / nseq-slow cases)
+
+<details>
+<summary>Click to expand trace snippets for top seq-fast/nseq-slow cases</summary>
+
+[Insert trace snippet for each traced file, or "No traces collected" if section was skipped]
+
+</details>
+
+---
+
+## Raw Data
+
+<details>
+<summary>Full results CSV (click to expand)</summary>
+
+```csv
+[PASTE FIRST 200 LINES OF /tmp/benchmark-results.csv]
+```
+
+</details>
+
+---
+
+*Generated by the QF_S Benchmark workflow. To reproduce: build Z3 from the `c3` branch and run `z3 smt.string_solver=seq|nseq -T:10 <file.smt2>`.*
+```
+
+## Edge Cases
+
+- If the build fails, call `missing_data` explaining the build error and stop.
+- If no benchmark files are found at all, call `missing_data` explaining that no QF_S `.smt2` files were found in the `c3` branch.
+- If Z3 crashes (segfault) on a file with either solver, record the result as `crash` and continue.
+- If the total benchmark set is very small (< 5 files), note this prominently in the discussion and suggest adding more QF_S benchmarks to the `c3` branch.
+- If zero disagreements and both solvers time out on the same files, note that the solvers are in agreement.
+- If `create_discussion` fails (e.g., MCP session error), call `report_incomplete` with the reason and include the top-line statistics (files solved, timeouts, disagreement count) in the `details` field.
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- **DO NOT** modify any source files or create pull requests.
+- **DO NOT** run `ninja` or any build command in the background with `&` — concurrent C++ compilation and LLM inference can exhaust available RAM and kill the agent process. Always wait for build commands to complete before proceeding.
+- **DO NOT** run benchmarks for longer than 100 minutes total (leave buffer for posting).
+- **DO** always report the commit SHA so results can be correlated with specific code versions.
+- **DO** close older QF_S Benchmark discussions automatically (configured via `close-older-discussions: true`).
+- **DO** highlight disagreements prominently — these are potential correctness bugs.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml
index c707488761..5afd2a4ede 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"15c4ae64be59716639904f5e3fbb25659a02adf7cca65aacc55dce4b011c4e21","body_hash":"e70834c576df30bc480dabc2d1fd9b9135e45233dc68fc865a8e9f22795e4941","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
 #
 #    ___                   _   _      
 #   / _ \                 | | (_)     
@@ -13,22 +16,52 @@
 # \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
 #  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
 #
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.43.15). DO NOT EDIT.
 #
 # To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
 #   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
 #
 # Weekly release notes updater that generates updates based on changes since last release
 #
-# frontmatter-hash: ea00e3f06493e27d8163a18fbbbd37f5c9fdad4497869fcd70ca66c83b546a04
+# Secrets used:
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
 
 name: "Release Notes Updater"
-"on":
+on:
   schedule:
-  - cron: "24 20 * * 1"
+  - cron: "52 4 * * 5"
     # Friendly format: weekly (scattered)
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
 
 permissions: {}
 
@@ -41,402 +74,648 @@ jobs:
   activation:
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
+      actions: read
       contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
       comment_id: ""
       comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
         env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "release-notes-updater.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-releasenotesupdater-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-releasenotesupdater-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "release-notes-updater"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "release-notes-updater.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_f876b07579e01cc5_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_f876b07579e01cc5_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_f876b07579e01cc5_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_f876b07579e01cc5_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_f876b07579e01cc5_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_f876b07579e01cc5_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_f876b07579e01cc5_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_f876b07579e01cc5_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
 
   agent:
     needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: read-all
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      copilot-requests: write
+      discussions: read
+      issues: read
+      pull-requests: read
     concurrency:
       group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
     env:
       DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
       GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
       GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: releasenotesupdater
     outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
       checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
       output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
       output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Checkout PR branch
         id: checkout-pr
         if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.407",
-              cli_version: "v0.43.15",
-              workflow_name: "Release Notes Updater",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.16.1",
-              awmg_version: "",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.16.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
         env:
-          TOKEN_CHECK: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TOKEN_CHECK != ''
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
             await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
       - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_discussion":{"expires":168,"max":1},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_260488c444808ae0_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"announcements","close_older_discussions":false,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[Release Notes] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_260488c444808ae0_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
             {
-              "description": "Create a GitHub discussion for announcements, Q\u0026A, reports, status updates, or community conversations. Use this for content that benefits from threaded replies, doesn't require task tracking, or serves as documentation. For actionable work items that need assignment and status tracking, use create_issue instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Release Notes] \". Discussions will be created in category \"announcements\".",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Release Notes] \". Discussions will be created in category \"announcements\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
                   "body": {
-                    "description": "Discussion content in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the discussion's h1. Include all relevant context, findings, or questions.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
                   },
                   "category": {
-                    "description": "Discussion category by name (e.g., 'General'), slug (e.g., 'general'), or ID. If omitted, uses the first available category. Category must exist in the repository.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise discussion title summarizing the topic. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "create_discussion"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
                   "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   },
                   "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_discussion": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "category": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
                 }
               }
             }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
         id: start-mcp-gateway
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
           GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
           
           # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
           echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
           export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
           mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
           export DEBUG="*"
           
           export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
           
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
           {
             "mcpServers": {
               "github": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
                 "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
                   "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
                   "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
                 }
               },
               "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
                 }
               }
             },
@@ -447,188 +726,114 @@ jobs:
               "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
             }
           }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
             setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
         id: agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
         timeout-minutes: 30
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.16.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' \
-            2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 30
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          S2STOKENS: true
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP gateway
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
         env:
@@ -636,77 +841,66 @@ jobs:
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
           GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
         run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
       - name: Redact secrets in logs
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
             await main();
         env:
-          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
-          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
+      - name: Append agent step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Ingest agent output
         id: collect_output
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
           GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
           GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
       - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP gateway logs for step summary
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Print firewall logs
         if: always()
@@ -714,23 +908,65 @@ jobs:
         env:
           AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
         run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
           # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
       - name: Upload agent artifacts
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
+          name: agent
           path: |
             /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
             /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
           if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   conclusion:
@@ -739,264 +975,595 @@ jobs:
       - agent
       - detection
       - safe_outputs
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       discussions: write
       issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-release-notes-updater"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
       noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
       tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
       total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-releasenotesupdater-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-releasenotesupdater-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-releasenotesupdater-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
         id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "release-notes-updater"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
         id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md"
           GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "release-notes-updater"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
           GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
           GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
           GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "30"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Update reaction comment with completion status
-        id: conclusion
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_REPO: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_repo }}
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.result }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/notify_comment_error.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
             await main();
 
   detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      copilot-requests: write
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
           WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Weekly release notes updater that generates updates based on changes since last release"
           HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
         run: |
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
           touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
         timeout-minutes: 20
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          S2STOKENS: true
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
+          name: detection
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
           if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
 
   safe_outputs:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       discussions: write
       issues: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/release-notes-updater"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "release-notes-updater"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md"
     outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
       create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
       create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
       process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
       process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Release Notes Updater"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Process Safe Outputs
         id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"announcements\",\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Release Notes] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"announcements\",\"close_older_discussions\":false,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Release Notes] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md b/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md
index 3fadb2163c..238bac58c6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-notes-updater.md
@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@ on:
 
 timeout-minutes: 30
 
-permissions: read-all
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  issues: read
+  pull-requests: read
+  discussions: read
+  copilot-requests: write
 
 network: defaults
 
@@ -16,21 +21,23 @@ tools:
     toolsets: [default]
   bash: [":*"]
   edit: {}
-  glob: {}
-  view: {}
 
 safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
   create-discussion:
     title-prefix: "[Release Notes] "
     category: "Announcements"
     close-older-discussions: false
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
   github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
 steps:
   - name: Checkout repository
-    uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
     with:
       fetch-depth: 0  # Fetch full history for analyzing commits
+      persist-credentials: false
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 364bf579de..84614da7eb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ permissions:
   contents: write
 
 env:
-  RELEASE_VERSION: '4.16.0'
+  RELEASE_VERSION: '4.17.1'
 
 jobs:
   # ============================================================================
@@ -34,9 +34,11 @@ jobs:
     name: "Mac Build x64"
     runs-on: macos-15
     timeout-minutes: 90
+    env:
+      MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "13.3"
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -44,8 +46,21 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Build
-        run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=x64
+        run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=x64 --os=osx-13.3
       
+      - name: Validate libz3.dylib and z3 architecture (must be x86_64)
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          for f in build-dist/libz3.dylib build-dist/z3; do
+            ARCH=$(lipo -archs "$f")
+            echo "$f architecture: $ARCH"
+            if [ "$ARCH" != "x86_64" ]; then
+              echo "ERROR: $f has arch '$ARCH', expected 'x86_64' (see issue #9662)"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
+          echo "OK: macOS x64 artifacts are x86_64"
+
       - name: Clone z3test
         run: git clone https://github.com/z3prover/z3test z3test
       
@@ -53,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
         run: python z3test/scripts/test_benchmarks.py build-dist/z3 z3test/regressions/smt2
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: macOsBuild
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -63,9 +78,11 @@ jobs:
     name: "Mac ARM64 Build"
     runs-on: macos-15
     timeout-minutes: 90
+    env:
+      MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "13.3"
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -73,13 +90,26 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Build
-        run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=arm64
+        run: python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --dotnet-key=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/resources/z3.snk --arch=arm64 --os=osx-13.3
       
+      - name: Validate libz3.dylib and z3 architecture (must be arm64)
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          for f in build-dist/libz3.dylib build-dist/z3; do
+            ARCH=$(lipo -archs "$f")
+            echo "$f architecture: $ARCH"
+            if [ "$ARCH" != "arm64" ]; then
+              echo "ERROR: $f has arch '$ARCH', expected 'arm64' (see issue #9662)"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
+          echo "OK: macOS arm64 artifacts are arm64"
+
       - name: Clone z3test
         run: git clone https://github.com/z3prover/z3test z3test
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: MacArm64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -96,10 +126,10 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download macOS x64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: macOsBuild
           path: artifacts
@@ -111,6 +141,17 @@ jobs:
           Z3_DIR=$(find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -name "z3-*" | head -n 1)
           echo "Z3_DIR=$Z3_DIR" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       
+      - name: Validate shipped libz3.dylib architecture (must be x86_64)
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          DYLIB="artifacts/$Z3_DIR/bin/libz3.dylib"
+          ARCH=$(lipo -archs "$DYLIB")
+          echo "Shipped $DYLIB architecture: $ARCH"
+          if [ "$ARCH" != "x86_64" ]; then
+            echo "ERROR: x64 release zip contains '$ARCH' libz3.dylib (see issue #9662)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
       - name: Test install_name_tool with headerpad
         run: |
           cd artifacts/$Z3_DIR/bin
@@ -144,10 +185,10 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download macOS ARM64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: MacArm64
           path: artifacts
@@ -159,6 +200,17 @@ jobs:
           Z3_DIR=$(find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -name "z3-*" | head -n 1)
           echo "Z3_DIR=$Z3_DIR" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       
+      - name: Validate shipped libz3.dylib architecture (must be arm64)
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          DYLIB="artifacts/$Z3_DIR/bin/libz3.dylib"
+          ARCH=$(lipo -archs "$DYLIB")
+          echo "Shipped $DYLIB architecture: $ARCH"
+          if [ "$ARCH" != "arm64" ]; then
+            echo "ERROR: arm64 release zip contains '$ARCH' libz3.dylib (see issue #9662)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
       - name: Test install_name_tool with headerpad
         run: |
           cd artifacts/$Z3_DIR/bin
@@ -191,7 +243,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -208,7 +260,7 @@ jobs:
         run: python z3test/scripts/test_benchmarks.py build-dist/z3 z3test/regressions/smt2
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: UbuntuBuild
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -220,7 +272,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -243,7 +295,7 @@ jobs:
           python scripts/mk_unix_dist.py --nodotnet --arch=arm64
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: UbuntuArm64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -255,7 +307,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -279,9 +331,9 @@ jobs:
           eval $(opam config env)
           python scripts/mk_make.py --ml
           cd build
-          make -j3
-          make -j3 examples
-          make -j3 test-z3
+          make -j$(nproc)
+          make -j$(nproc) examples
+          make -j$(nproc) test-z3
           cd ..
       
       - name: Generate documentation
@@ -298,7 +350,7 @@ jobs:
         run: zip -r z3doc.zip doc/api
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: UbuntuDoc
           path: z3doc.zip
@@ -311,11 +363,19 @@ jobs:
     container: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
+      - name: Select Python
+        run: |
+          # Use the first available manylinux interpreter for deterministic selection.
+          PYTHON=$(printf '%s\n' /opt/python/*/bin/python | sort -V | head -n1)
+          test -x "$PYTHON" || { echo "Error: no interpreter found under /opt/python/*/bin/python"; exit 1; }
+          echo "PYTHON=$PYTHON" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          "$PYTHON" --version
+
       - name: Setup Python environment
         run: |
-          /opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python -m venv $PWD/env
+          "$PYTHON" -m venv $PWD/env
           echo "$PWD/env/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       
       - name: Install build tools
@@ -328,7 +388,7 @@ jobs:
         run: pip install ./src/api/python/wheelhouse/*.whl && python - <src/api/python/z3test.py z3 && python - <src/api/python/z3test.py z3num
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildAMD64
           path: src/api/python/wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -341,7 +401,7 @@ jobs:
     container: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download ARM toolchain
         run: curl -L -o /tmp/arm-toolchain.tar.xz 'https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu/13.3.rel1/binrel/arm-gnu-toolchain-13.3.rel1-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu.tar.xz'
@@ -351,9 +411,17 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p /tmp/arm-toolchain/
           tar xf /tmp/arm-toolchain.tar.xz -C /tmp/arm-toolchain/ --strip-components=1
       
+      - name: Select Python
+        run: |
+          # Use the first available manylinux interpreter for deterministic selection.
+          PYTHON=$(printf '%s\n' /opt/python/*/bin/python | sort -V | head -n1)
+          test -x "$PYTHON" || { echo "Error: no interpreter found under /opt/python/*/bin/python"; exit 1; }
+          echo "PYTHON=$PYTHON" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          "$PYTHON" --version
+
       - name: Setup Python environment
         run: |
-          /opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python -m venv $PWD/env
+          "$PYTHON" -m venv $PWD/env
           echo "$PWD/env/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
           echo "/tmp/arm-toolchain/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
           echo "/tmp/arm-toolchain/aarch64-none-linux-gnu/libc/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
@@ -368,19 +436,74 @@ jobs:
         run: cd src/api/python && CC=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-gcc CXX=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-g++ AR=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-ar LD=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-ld Z3_CROSS_COMPILING=aarch64 python -m build && AUDITWHEEL_PLAT= auditwheel repair --best-plat dist/*.whl && cd ../../..
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildArm64
           path: src/api/python/wheelhouse/*.whl
           retention-days: 7
 
+  manylinux-python-riscv64:
+    name: "Python bindings (manylinux RISC-V 64 cross)"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 90
+    container: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
+      
+      - name: Download RISC-V toolchain
+        run: curl -L -o /tmp/riscv-toolchain.tar.gz 'https://github.com/riscv-collab/riscv-gnu-toolchain/releases/download/2024.09.03/riscv64-glibc-ubuntu-20.04-gcc-nightly-2024.09.03-nightly.tar.gz'
+      
+      - name: Extract RISC-V toolchain
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/riscv-toolchain/
+          tar xf /tmp/riscv-toolchain.tar.gz -C /tmp/riscv-toolchain/ --strip-components=1
+
+      - name: Install MPFR 4 (required by RISC-V toolchain host binaries)
+        run: |
+          dnf install -y gmp-devel
+          curl -L -o /tmp/mpfr.tar.xz https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpfr/mpfr-4.2.1.tar.xz
+          tar xf /tmp/mpfr.tar.xz -C /tmp/
+          cd /tmp/mpfr-4.2.1 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --disable-static && make -j$(nproc) && make install
+          ldconfig
+      
+      - name: Select Python
+        run: |
+          # Use the first available manylinux interpreter for deterministic selection.
+          PYTHON=$(printf '%s\n' /opt/python/*/bin/python | sort -V | head -n1)
+          test -x "$PYTHON" || { echo "Error: no interpreter found under /opt/python/*/bin/python"; exit 1; }
+          echo "PYTHON=$PYTHON" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          "$PYTHON" --version
+
+      - name: Setup Python environment
+        run: |
+          "$PYTHON" -m venv $PWD/env
+          echo "$PWD/env/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          echo "/tmp/riscv-toolchain/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      
+      - name: Install build tools
+        run: |
+          echo $PATH
+          stat $(which riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc)
+          pip install build git+https://github.com/rhelmot/auditwheel
+      
+      - name: Build wheels
+        run: cd src/api/python && CC=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc CXX=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++ AR=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-ar LD=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-ld Z3_CROSS_COMPILING=riscv64 python -m build && AUDITWHEEL_PLAT= auditwheel repair --best-plat dist/*.whl && cd ../../..
+      
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildRiscv64
+          path: src/api/python/wheelhouse/*.whl
+          retention-days: 7
+
   windows-build-x64:
     name: "Windows x64 build"
     runs-on: windows-latest
     timeout-minutes: 120
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -390,11 +513,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 || exit /b 1
           python scripts\mk_win_dist.py --x64-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --zip
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x64
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -406,7 +530,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 120
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -416,11 +540,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x86
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x86 || exit /b 1
           python scripts\mk_win_dist.py --x86-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --zip
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x86
           path: dist/*.zip
@@ -432,7 +557,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 90
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -442,11 +567,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" amd64_arm64
+          for /f "usebackq delims=" %%i in (`"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -prerelease -products * -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 -property installationPath`) do set "VSPATH=%%i"
+          call "%VSPATH%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" amd64_arm64 || exit /b 1
           python scripts\mk_win_dist_cmake.py --arm64-only --dotnet-key=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\resources\z3.snk --assembly-version=${{ env.RELEASE_VERSION }} --zip
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-arm64
           path: dist/arm64/*.zip
@@ -462,7 +588,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -470,43 +596,43 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Download Win64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x64
           path: package
       
       - name: Download Win ARM64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-arm64
           path: package
       
       - name: Download Ubuntu Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: UbuntuBuild
           path: package
       
       - name: Download Ubuntu ARM64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: UbuntuArm64
           path: package
       
       - name: Download macOS Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: macOsBuild
           path: package
       
       - name: Download macOS Arm64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: MacArm64
           path: package
       
       - name: Setup NuGet
-        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v2
+        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v4
         with:
           nuget-version: 'latest'
       
@@ -523,7 +649,7 @@ jobs:
           nuget pack out\Microsoft.Z3.sym.nuspec -OutputDirectory . -Verbosity detailed -Symbols -SymbolPackageFormat snupkg -BasePath out
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: NuGet
           path: |
@@ -537,7 +663,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -545,13 +671,13 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Download artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x86
           path: package
       
       - name: Setup NuGet
-        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v2
+        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v4
         with:
           nuget-version: 'latest'
       
@@ -568,7 +694,7 @@ jobs:
           nuget pack out\Microsoft.Z3.x86.sym.nuspec -OutputDirectory . -Verbosity detailed -Symbols -SymbolPackageFormat snupkg -BasePath out
       
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: NuGet32
           path: |
@@ -578,11 +704,11 @@ jobs:
 
   python-package:
     name: "Python packaging"
-    needs: [mac-build-x64, mac-build-arm64, windows-build-x64, windows-build-x86, windows-build-arm64, manylinux-python-amd64, manylinux-python-arm64]
+    needs: [mac-build-x64, mac-build-arm64, windows-build-x64, windows-build-x86, windows-build-arm64, manylinux-python-amd64, manylinux-python-arm64, manylinux-python-riscv64]
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -590,47 +716,53 @@ jobs:
           python-version: '3.x'
       
       - name: Download macOS x64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: macOsBuild
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download macOS Arm64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: MacArm64
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download Win64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x64
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download Win32 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-x86
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download Win ARM64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: WindowsBuild-arm64
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download ManyLinux AMD64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildAMD64
           path: artifacts
       
       - name: Download ManyLinux Arm64 Build
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildArm64
           path: artifacts
       
+      - name: Download ManyLinux RISC-V 64 Build
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: ManyLinuxPythonBuildRiscv64
+          path: artifacts
+
       - name: Extract builds
         run: |
           cd artifacts
@@ -658,7 +790,7 @@ jobs:
           cp artifacts/*.whl src/api/python/dist/.
             
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: PythonPackage
           path: src/api/python/dist/*
@@ -689,10 +821,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download all artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           path: tmp
       
@@ -745,22 +877,22 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
       
       - name: Download NuGet packages
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: NuGet
           path: packages
       
       - name: Download NuGet32 packages
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: NuGet32
           path: packages
       
       - name: Setup NuGet
-        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v2
+        uses: nuget/setup-nuget@v4
         with:
           nuget-version: 'latest'
       
@@ -781,10 +913,20 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
     steps:
       - name: Download Python packages
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8.0.1
         with:
           name: PythonPackage
           path: dist
+
+      - name: Rewrite macOS wheel tags unsupported by test.PyPI
+        run: |
+          # TestPyPI rejects current macOS wheel tags such as macosx_13_3_*.
+          # Rewrite only the unsupported 13_3 tag to 13 for upload validation.
+          for whl in dist/*-macosx_13_3_*.whl; do
+            [ -e "$whl" ] || continue
+            mv "$whl" "${whl/macosx_13_3_/macosx_13_0_}"
+          done
+          ls -l dist      
       
       - name: Publish to PyPI
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..770d98036b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1668 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"bbc490b217ed529ee9f58d7645e34c9b2bb9d46b3742bce1621e666a6d52d8c0","body_hash":"2b472570491bb4767575994e73f38198393c52deaed2b2751f8146309ad22843","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Monthly SMTLIB Benchmark Finder. Searches GitHub for repositories containing SMT-LIB benchmarks (.smt2 files), excludes repositories that belong to the official SMT-LIB benchmark sets (linked from smtlib.org and hosted on Zenodo), and posts a curated summary of community-contributed benchmark links as a GitHub Discussion.
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 8 1 * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults","github","smtlib.cs.uiowa.edu","zenodo.org"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-smtlibbenchmarkfinder-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-smtlibbenchmarkfinder-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "smtlib-benchmark-finder"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_96263cb66af600ac_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_96263cb66af600ac_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_96263cb66af600ac_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_96263cb66af600ac_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_96263cb66af600ac_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_96263cb66af600ac_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_96263cb66af600ac_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_96263cb66af600ac_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: smtlibbenchmarkfinder
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
+      - name: Create cache-memory directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
+      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          restore-keys: |
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_94a28b58aa03d136_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":2160,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[SMT-LIB Benchmarks] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"max_bot_mentions":1,"mentions":{"enabled":false},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_94a28b58aa03d136_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[SMT-LIB Benchmarks] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "mentions": {
+                "enabled": false
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"*.githubusercontent.com\",\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"codeload.github.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"docs.github.com\",\"github-cloud.githubusercontent.com\",\"github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com\",\"github.blog\",\"github.com\",\"github.githubassets.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"lfs.github.com\",\"objects.githubusercontent.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"patch-diff.githubusercontent.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"smtlib.cs.uiowa.edu\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\",\"zenodo.org\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 60
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.githubusercontent.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,codeload.github.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,docs.github.com,github-cloud.githubusercontent.com,github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com,github.blog,github.com,github.githubassets.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,lfs.github.com,objects.githubusercontent.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,patch-diff.githubusercontent.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,smtlib.cs.uiowa.edu,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com,zenodo.org"
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_GITHUB_REFS: ""
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
+      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+      - update_cache_memory
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-smtlib-benchmark-finder"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-smtlibbenchmarkfinder-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-smtlibbenchmarkfinder-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-smtlibbenchmarkfinder-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "smtlib-benchmark-finder"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "smtlib-benchmark-finder"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "60"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Monthly SMTLIB Benchmark Finder. Searches GitHub for repositories containing SMT-LIB benchmarks (.smt2 files), excludes repositories that belong to the official SMT-LIB benchmark sets (linked from smtlib.org and hosted on Zenodo), and posts a curated summary of community-contributed benchmark links as a GitHub Discussion."
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/smtlib-benchmark-finder"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "smtlib-benchmark-finder"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.githubusercontent.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,codeload.github.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,docs.github.com,github-cloud.githubusercontent.com,github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com,github.blog,github.com,github.githubassets.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,lfs.github.com,objects.githubusercontent.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,patch-diff.githubusercontent.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,smtlib.cs.uiowa.edu,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com,zenodo.org"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":2160,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[SMT-LIB Benchmarks] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"mentions\":{\"enabled\":false},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  update_cache_memory:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: smtlibbenchmarkfinder
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "SMTLIB Benchmark Finder"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md b/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b773af064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.md
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+---
+description: >
+  Monthly SMTLIB Benchmark Finder.
+  Searches GitHub for repositories containing SMT-LIB benchmarks (.smt2 files),
+  excludes repositories that belong to the official SMT-LIB benchmark sets
+  (linked from smtlib.org and hosted on Zenodo), and posts a curated summary
+  of community-contributed benchmark links as a GitHub Discussion.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 8 1 * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+timeout-minutes: 60
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+network:
+  allowed:
+    - defaults
+    - github
+    - smtlib.cs.uiowa.edu
+    - zenodo.org
+
+tools:
+  cache-memory: true
+  web-fetch: {}
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default, repos]
+  bash: [":*"]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  mentions: false
+  allowed-github-references: []
+  max-bot-mentions: 1
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[SMT-LIB Benchmarks] "
+    category: "Agentic Workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+    expires: 90d
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+---
+
+# SMTLIB Benchmark Finder
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are a research analyst for the Z3 theorem
+prover repository `${{ github.repository }}`. Your mission is to discover GitHub
+repositories that host SMT-LIB benchmarks, exclude the ones that are already part
+of the official SMT-LIB benchmark distribution (linked from smtlib.org and published
+on Zenodo), and post a curated summary of community-contributed benchmark links as a
+GitHub Discussion.
+
+## Step 1: Load Cache and Determine Run Mode
+
+Check cache memory for:
+- `official_repos`: set of GitHub repository full names (`owner/repo`) and Zenodo
+  record IDs already identified as official SMT-LIB benchmark sets
+- `known_community_repos`: set of repo full names already listed in a previous report
+- `last_run_date`: ISO-8601 date string of the previous run
+
+Use the cache to skip repos already classified. On the very first run (no cache),
+perform a full discovery pass. On subsequent runs focus on repos pushed or created
+since `last_run_date`.
+
+## Step 2: Collect Official SMT-LIB Benchmark Sets to Exclude
+
+### 2.1 Scrape smtlib.org
+
+Fetch the SMT-LIB benchmarks page and extract all linked Zenodo DOIs and GitHub URLs:
+
+```bash
+curl -s "https://smtlib.cs.uiowa.edu/benchmarks.shtml" -o /tmp/smtlib-benchmarks.html
+# Also try the main page and any mirror
+curl -s "https://smtlib.cs.uiowa.edu/" -o /tmp/smtlib-home.html
+```
+
+Parse both files for:
+- Zenodo DOI links (`doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.*` or `zenodo.org/record/*`)
+- GitHub repository URLs (`github.com/...`)
+- Any other hosted benchmark archive links
+
+### 2.2 Enumerate Zenodo SMT-LIB Community Records
+
+Query the Zenodo API for all records in the SMT-LIB community:
+
+```bash
+curl -s "https://zenodo.org/api/records?communities=smt-lib&size=100&page=1" \
+  -o /tmp/zenodo-smtlib-page1.json
+
+# Check if there are more pages (paginate until empty)
+curl -s "https://zenodo.org/api/records?communities=smt-lib&size=100&page=2" \
+  -o /tmp/zenodo-smtlib-page2.json 2>/dev/null || true
+
+curl -s "https://zenodo.org/api/records?communities=smt-lib&size=100&page=3" \
+  -o /tmp/zenodo-smtlib-page3.json 2>/dev/null || true
+```
+
+For each Zenodo record extract:
+- Record ID (e.g. `5827900`)
+- Title
+- Any GitHub repository URLs listed in the description or related identifiers
+
+```bash
+python3 - <<'PYEOF'
+import json, re
+
+def extract_github_repos(text):
+    pattern = r'github\.com/([A-Za-z0-9_.-]+/[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)'
+    return set(re.findall(pattern, text or ''))
+
+official_repos = set()
+official_zenodo_ids = set()
+
+for fname in ['/tmp/zenodo-smtlib-page1.json', '/tmp/zenodo-smtlib-page2.json',
+              '/tmp/zenodo-smtlib-page3.json']:
+    try:
+        data = json.load(open(fname))
+    except Exception:
+        continue
+    for hit in data.get('hits', {}).get('hits', []):
+        rid = str(hit.get('id', ''))
+        official_zenodo_ids.add(rid)
+        metadata = hit.get('metadata', {})
+        description = metadata.get('description', '')
+        related = ' '.join(
+            r.get('identifier', '')
+            for r in metadata.get('related_identifiers', [])
+        )
+        title = metadata.get('title', '')
+        for repo in extract_github_repos(description + ' ' + related + ' ' + title):
+            official_repos.add(repo.lower().rstrip('.'))
+
+with open('/tmp/smtlib-benchmarks.html') as f:
+    html = f.read()
+for repo in extract_github_repos(html):
+    official_repos.add(repo.lower().rstrip('.'))
+
+print("OFFICIAL_ZENODO_IDS:", ','.join(sorted(official_zenodo_ids)) or '(none)')
+print("OFFICIAL_GITHUB_REPOS:", ','.join(sorted(official_repos)) or '(none)')
+PYEOF
+```
+
+### 2.3 Well-Known Official Repository Patterns
+
+Regardless of the above scrape, always exclude:
+- Any repo under the `SMT-LIB` GitHub organization (`SMT-LIB/*`)
+- Any repo whose name matches `smt-comp-*` that is under `SMT-Competition` org
+- The Z3 repo itself (`Z3Prover/z3`) and its forks
+
+Combine all official sources into a single exclusion set stored at
+`/tmp/official_exclusions.txt` (one `owner/repo` pattern per line, lowercase).
+
+## Step 3: Search GitHub for Community SMT-LIB Benchmark Repositories
+
+Use multiple GitHub search strategies to find repos containing `.smt2` benchmark
+files that are NOT part of the official distribution. Search for repos updated
+since the last run date (or the last 90 days for the initial run).
+
+Compute the cutoff date first:
+```bash
+CUTOFF=$(date -d "90 days ago" +%Y-%m-%d 2>/dev/null || date -v-90d +%Y-%m-%d)
+echo "Using cutoff date: $CUTOFF"
+```
+
+### Search Strategies
+
+Use the GitHub MCP server tools to run these searches:
+
+1. **Topic search**: `topic:smtlib pushed:>$CUTOFF`
+2. **Topic search variant**: `topic:smt-lib pushed:>$CUTOFF`
+3. **Topic search variant**: `topic:smt2 pushed:>$CUTOFF`
+4. **Benchmark filename pattern**: `filename:*.smt2 pushed:>$CUTOFF` (limit to top results)
+5. **Benchmarks directory pattern**: `path:benchmarks *.smt2 in:path pushed:>$CUTOFF`
+6. **README mention**: `SMT-LIB benchmarks in:readme stars:>2 pushed:>$CUTOFF`
+7. **Organization-level search**: repos under `SMT-Competition` org, if any are not already excluded
+
+For each search, collect: `full_name`, `html_url`, `description`, `stargazers_count`,
+`updated_at`, `pushed_at`, `default_branch`, `topics`.
+
+Deduplicate by `full_name`. Limit to 200 total candidates before filtering.
+
+## Step 4: Filter Out Official Benchmark Sets
+
+For each candidate repo:
+
+1. Check if `full_name.lower()` is in the exclusion set from Step 2.
+2. Check if the repo is owned by `SMT-LIB` or `SMT-Competition` org (case-insensitive).
+3. Check if the repo is a fork of a known official repo (if `fork: true` and parent is
+   in the exclusion set).
+
+Discard repos that match any of the above. Keep the rest as community benchmarks.
+
+Also apply quality filters to reduce noise — skip repos that:
+- Have 0 stars and fewer than 3 `.smt2` files (likely a student homework or test repo
+  with minimal public value); use your judgement — if the repo description clearly
+  describes a research benchmark, keep it regardless of star count.
+- Were created but never pushed after creation (empty repos).
+- Have names that are clearly course assignment repositories
+  (e.g. contain `homework`, `assignment`, `hw[0-9]`, `cs[0-9]{3}`).
+
+## Step 5: Classify Remaining Repos
+
+For each repo that survives filtering, classify it into one of these categories:
+
+| Category | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| **Solver evaluation** | Benchmarks used to evaluate or compare SMT solvers |
+| **Verification** | Benchmarks from program verification or model checking |
+| **Security / CTF** | Benchmarks from security research or CTF challenges |
+| **Theory / logic** | Benchmarks exploring specific SMT theories or logics |
+| **Tool output** | Benchmarks generated by another tool (e.g. a compiler, fuzzer) |
+| **Education** | Course materials or tutorials with benchmark examples |
+| **Other / unknown** | Does not fit another category |
+
+Base the classification on: repo description, README (fetch if web-fetch is available),
+topics, and directory structure. A single brief `web-fetch` of the repo's README is
+sufficient; do not fetch individual `.smt2` files.
+
+Note the dominant SMT logic(s) present, if discernible from the description or topics
+(e.g. QF_BV, QF_LIA, QF_S, NIA, …).
+
+## Step 6: Generate the Discussion Report
+
+Create a GitHub Discussion. Use heading level 3 or deeper (`###`, `####`, …) for all
+section headers; never use `##` or `#` in the body.
+Wrap long tables in `<details>` tags to keep the report scannable.
+
+Title: `[SMT-LIB Benchmarks] Community Benchmark Repository Survey — [Month YYYY]`
+
+Structure the report as follows:
+
+```markdown
+**Period covered**: [cutoff date] – [today's date]
+**Repositories found**: N community repos (after excluding M official sets)
+**New this run**: N (not listed in previous report)
+
+### Overview
+
+1–2 sentences summarising the breadth of community SMT-LIB benchmarks found.
+
+### Community Benchmark Repositories
+
+Use `###` for category headers. Within each category, list repos as a markdown table.
+For each repo include:
+- Repo link (`[owner/repo](html_url)`)
+- Stars
+- Last pushed date
+- Dominant logic(s) (if known)
+- Brief description (from repo description or README, max 120 chars)
+
+#### Solver Evaluation
+
+| Repository | ⭐ | Last pushed | Logic(s) | Description |
+|------------|-----|------------|---------|-------------|
+| [owner/repo](url) | N | YYYY-MM-DD | QF_BV, QF_LIA | … |
+
+#### Verification
+
+[same table structure]
+
+#### Security / CTF
+
+[same table structure]
+
+#### Theory / Logic
+
+[same table structure]
+
+#### Tool Output
+
+[same table structure]
+
+#### Education
+
+[same table structure]
+
+#### Other / Unknown
+
+[same table structure]
+
+---
+
+### Exclusions Applied
+
+<details>
+<summary>Official SMT-LIB sets excluded from this report</summary>
+
+List Zenodo record IDs and GitHub repos identified as official distributions.
+
+| Source | Identifier | Notes |
+|--------|-----------|-------|
+| Zenodo | [10.5281/zenodo.XXXXXXX](https://zenodo.org/record/XXXXXXX) | Official QF_BV benchmark set |
+| GitHub | [SMT-LIB/benchmarks-non-incremental](https://github.com/SMT-LIB/benchmarks-non-incremental) | |
+
+</details>
+
+---
+
+### Methodology
+
+Brief note on search queries used, cutoff date, and any quality filters applied.
+```
+
+## Step 7: Update Cache Memory
+
+After posting the discussion, update cache memory with:
+- `official_repos`: updated exclusion set (union of previous + newly found)
+- `known_community_repos`: union of previous + repos listed in this report
+- `last_run_date`: today's ISO-8601 date
+- `report_url`: URL of the GitHub Discussion created
+
+## Guidelines
+
+- **Be conservative with exclusions**: when in doubt whether a repo is "official",
+  keep it in the community list rather than silently dropping it.
+- **Be accurate**: only include repos that genuinely contain SMT-LIB `.smt2` files
+  or clearly describe themselves as SMT-LIB benchmark collections.
+- **Avoid noise**: student homework repos and trivially small repos add clutter;
+  apply the quality filters from Step 4 judiciously.
+- **No source code changes**: DO NOT create pull requests or modify any source files.
+- **No copyrighted content**: DO NOT reproduce benchmark file contents; only post
+  links and metadata.
+- **Always cite sources**: include the full GitHub URL for every listed repository.
+- **Use cache**: skip repos already classified in a previous run to keep runtime short.
+- **Fail gracefully**: if GitHub search rate-limits the workflow, post whatever was
+  collected so far with a note that the search was incomplete.
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- DO NOT create pull requests or modify source files.
+- DO close older SMT-LIB Benchmarks discussions automatically (configured).
+- DO always call `create_discussion` or `noop` before the workflow ends.
+  Failing to produce any safe output triggers an automatic failure issue.
+- DO use cache memory to avoid re-processing repos already surveyed.
+- DO limit individual `web-fetch` calls (README fetches) to repos where the
+  description alone is insufficient for classification.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.lock.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d82bc1296..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.lock.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1081 +0,0 @@
-#
-#    ___                   _   _      
-#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
-#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
-#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
-#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
-#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
-#          __/ |
-#  _    _ |___/ 
-# | |  | |                / _| |
-# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
-# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
-# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
-#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
-#
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.43.15). DO NOT EDIT.
-#
-# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
-#   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
-#
-# Automatically validate and reproduce reported soundness bugs
-#
-# frontmatter-hash: 783107eb6fc853164b9c3f3fbf3db97fffc2f287bba5ef752f01f631327ef320
-
-name: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-"on":
-  issues:
-    types:
-    - opened
-    - labeled
-  schedule:
-  - cron: "51 20 * * *"
-    # Friendly format: daily (scattered)
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions: {}
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.issue.number }}"
-
-run-name: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-
-jobs:
-  activation:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    outputs:
-      comment_id: ""
-      comment_repo: ""
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "soundness-bug-detector.lock.yml"
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  agent:
-    needs: activation
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: read-all
-    env:
-      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
-      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-    outputs:
-      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
-      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
-      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
-      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v5
-
-      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
-      - name: Create cache-memory directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh
-      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
-        with:
-          key: memory-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
-          restore-keys: |
-            memory-${{ github.workflow }}-
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Checkout PR branch
-        id: checkout-pr
-        if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.407",
-              cli_version: "v0.43.15",
-              workflow_name: "Soundness Bug Detector",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.16.1",
-              awmg_version: "",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.16.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
-        env:
-          TOKEN_CHECK: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TOKEN_CHECK != ''
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
-            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
-      - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"add_comment":{"max":2},"create_discussion":{"expires":168,"max":1},"create_missing_tool_issue":{"max":1,"title_prefix":"[missing tool]"},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
-            {
-              "description": "Create a GitHub discussion for announcements, Q\u0026A, reports, status updates, or community conversations. Use this for content that benefits from threaded replies, doesn't require task tracking, or serves as documentation. For actionable work items that need assignment and status tracking, use create_issue instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Soundness] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\".",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "body": {
-                    "description": "Discussion content in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the discussion's h1. Include all relevant context, findings, or questions.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "category": {
-                    "description": "Discussion category by name (e.g., 'General'), slug (e.g., 'general'), or ID. If omitted, uses the first available category. Category must exist in the repository.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise discussion title summarizing the topic. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "create_discussion"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Add a comment to an existing GitHub issue, pull request, or discussion. Use this to provide feedback, answer questions, or add information to an existing conversation. For creating new items, use create_issue, create_discussion, or create_pull_request instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 2 comment(s) can be added.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "body": {
-                    "description": "The comment text in Markdown format. This is the 'body' field - do not use 'comment_body' or other variations. Provide helpful, relevant information that adds value to the conversation.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "item_number": {
-                    "description": "The issue, pull request, or discussion number to comment on. This is the numeric ID from the GitHub URL (e.g., 123 in github.com/owner/repo/issues/123). If omitted, the tool will attempt to resolve the target from the current workflow context (triggering issue, PR, or discussion).",
-                    "type": "number"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "add_comment"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "add_comment": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "item_number": {
-                  "issueOrPRNumber": true
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "create_discussion": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "category": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP gateway
-        id: start-mcp-gateway
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
-          
-          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
-          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
-          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
-          export DEBUG="*"
-          
-          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
-          
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
-          {
-            "mcpServers": {
-              "github": {
-                "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
-                "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
-                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
-                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
-                }
-              },
-              "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "gateway": {
-              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
-              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
-              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
-              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
-            }
-          }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
-      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
-        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        timeout-minutes: 30
-        run: |
-          set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.16.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' \
-            2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
-        env:
-          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
-          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP gateway
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
-          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
-          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
-      - name: Redact secrets in logs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
-            await main();
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
-          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Ingest agent output
-        id: collect_output
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
-          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP gateway logs for step summary
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Print firewall logs
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
-        run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
-          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        if: always()
-        with:
-          name: cache-memory
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
-      - name: Upload agent artifacts
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
-            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
-            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-
-  conclusion:
-    needs:
-      - activation
-      - agent
-      - detection
-      - safe_outputs
-      - update_cache_memory
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      discussions: write
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    outputs:
-      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
-      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
-        id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
-        id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
-          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "soundness-bug-detector"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
-          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
-          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
-          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Update reaction comment with completion status
-        id: conclusion
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_REPO: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_repo }}
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.result }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/notify_comment_error.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
-        env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
-        run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
-      - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Automatically validate and reproduce reported soundness bugs"
-          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
-          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
-        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
-        timeout-minutes: 20
-        run: |
-          set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-        env:
-          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
-          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-
-  safe_outputs:
-    needs:
-      - agent
-      - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      discussions: write
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
-    env:
-      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "soundness-bug-detector"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Soundness Bug Detector"
-    outputs:
-      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
-      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
-      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
-      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process Safe Outputs
-        id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"add_comment\":{\"max\":2},\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Soundness] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  update_cache_memory:
-    needs:
-      - agent
-      - detection
-    if: always() && needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        continue-on-error: true
-        with:
-          name: cache-memory
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
-      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
-        uses: actions/cache/save@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
-        with:
-          key: memory-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
-
diff --git a/.github/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.md b/.github/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.md
deleted file mode 100644
index fc2d7e30a6..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Automatically validate and reproduce reported soundness bugs
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [opened, labeled]
-  schedule: daily
-
-roles: all
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-network: defaults
-
-tools:
-  cache-memory: true
-  github:
-    toolsets: [default]
-  bash: [":*"]
-  web-fetch: {}
-
-safe-outputs:
-  add-comment:
-    max: 2
-  create-discussion:
-    title-prefix: "[Soundness] "
-    category: "Agentic Workflows"
-    close-older-discussions: true
-  missing-tool:
-    create-issue: true
-
-timeout-minutes: 30
-
-steps:
-  - name: Checkout repository
-    uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
----
-
-<!-- Edit the file linked below to modify the agent without recompilation. Feel free to move the entire markdown body to that file. -->
-@./agentics/soundness-bug-detector.md
diff --git a/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28885f9ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1704 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"e23cf8d980312a03d7f04c460f390cef7137d7995a701661e6c6fce74df245e9","body_hash":"7030f1fac5beec9af23f992361435bd8fc32966ed8d1711e73e230a8f71aaf39","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Build Z3 in debug mode from the c3 branch, compile and run the specbot tests, identify root causes for any crashes, and post findings as a GitHub Discussion.
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-specbotcrashanalyzer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-specbotcrashanalyzer-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "specbot-crash-analyzer"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a2b6b8b2fc7de20f_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a2b6b8b2fc7de20f_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a2b6b8b2fc7de20f_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a2b6b8b2fc7de20f_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a2b6b8b2fc7de20f_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a2b6b8b2fc7de20f_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_a2b6b8b2fc7de20f_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_a2b6b8b2fc7de20f_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: specbotcrashanalyzer
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Checkout c3 branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          ref: c3
+      - name: Install build dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -y
+          sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build python3 gcc g++ 2>&1 | tail -5
+      - continue-on-error: true
+        id: build-z3
+        name: Build Z3 in debug mode
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p build/debug specbot-results
+          cd build/debug
+          cmake -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ../.. 2>&1 | tee ../../specbot-results/cmake.log
+          ninja 2>&1 | tee ../../specbot-results/build.log
+          BUILD_EXIT=$?
+          cd ../..
+          echo "build_exit=${BUILD_EXIT}" >> specbot-results/build-status.txt
+          ls -la build/debug/libz3* build/debug/*.so* 2>/dev/null >> specbot-results/build-status.txt || echo "Library not found" >> specbot-results/build-status.txt
+          exit $BUILD_EXIT
+      - continue-on-error: true
+        name: Compile specbot tests
+        run: "mkdir -p specbot-results\ngcc -g -O0 \\\n    -I src/api \\\n    specbot/test_specbot_seq.c \\\n    -L build/debug \\\n    -lz3 \\\n    -Wl,-rpath,\"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/debug\" \\\n    -o specbot-results/test_specbot_seq \\\n    2>&1 | tee specbot-results/compile_specbot_seq.log\necho \"compile_specbot_seq_exit=$?\" >> specbot-results/compile-status.txt\n\ngcc -g -O0 \\\n    -I src/api \\\n    specbot/test_deeptest_seq.c \\\n    -L build/debug \\\n    -lz3 \\\n    -Wl,-rpath,\"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/debug\" \\\n    -o specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq \\\n    2>&1 | tee specbot-results/compile_deeptest_seq.log\necho \"compile_deeptest_seq_exit=$?\" >> specbot-results/compile-status.txt\n"
+      - continue-on-error: true
+        name: Run specbot tests
+        run: |-
+          mkdir -p specbot-results
+          if [ -f specbot-results/test_specbot_seq ]; then
+            LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/debug" timeout 120 specbot-results/test_specbot_seq > specbot-results/test_specbot_seq.log 2>&1
+            SPECBOT_EXIT=$?
+            echo "specbot_seq_exit=${SPECBOT_EXIT}" >> specbot-results/test-status.txt
+          else
+            echo "Binary not compiled" > specbot-results/test_specbot_seq.log
+            echo "specbot_seq_exit=127" >> specbot-results/test-status.txt
+          fi
+
+          if [ -f specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq ]; then
+            LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/debug" timeout 120 specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq > specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq.log 2>&1
+            DEEPTEST_EXIT=$?
+            echo "deeptest_seq_exit=${DEEPTEST_EXIT}" >> specbot-results/test-status.txt
+          else
+            echo "Binary not compiled" > specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq.log
+            echo "deeptest_seq_exit=127" >> specbot-results/test-status.txt
+          fi
+
+      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
+      - name: Create cache-memory directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
+      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          restore-keys: |
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_415cb03cfffd6980_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[Specbot] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_415cb03cfffd6980_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Specbot] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_d64d4c5cd00e4ffe_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests,discussions"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_d64d4c5cd00e4ffe_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 120
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 120
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
+      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+      - update_cache_memory
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-specbot-crash-analyzer"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-specbotcrashanalyzer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-specbotcrashanalyzer-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-specbotcrashanalyzer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "specbot-crash-analyzer"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "specbot-crash-analyzer"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "120"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Build Z3 in debug mode from the c3 branch, compile and run the specbot tests, identify root causes for any crashes, and post findings as a GitHub Discussion."
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/specbot-crash-analyzer"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "specbot-crash-analyzer"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Specbot] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  update_cache_memory:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: specbotcrashanalyzer
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot Crash Analyzer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md b/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..104dc5b3a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+---
+description: >
+  Build Z3 in debug mode from the c3 branch, compile and run the specbot tests,
+  identify root causes for any crashes, and post findings as a GitHub Discussion.
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+timeout-minutes: 120
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+network: defaults
+
+tools:
+  cache-memory: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default, discussions]
+  bash: [":*"]
+  edit: {}
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[Specbot] "
+    category: "Agentic Workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+steps:
+  - name: Checkout c3 branch
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      ref: c3
+      persist-credentials: false
+
+  - name: Install build dependencies
+    run: |
+      sudo apt-get update -y
+      sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build python3 gcc g++ 2>&1 | tail -5
+
+  - name: Build Z3 in debug mode
+    id: build-z3
+    continue-on-error: true
+    run: |
+      mkdir -p build/debug specbot-results
+      cd build/debug
+      cmake -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ../.. 2>&1 | tee ../../specbot-results/cmake.log
+      ninja 2>&1 | tee ../../specbot-results/build.log
+      BUILD_EXIT=$?
+      cd ../..
+      echo "build_exit=${BUILD_EXIT}" >> specbot-results/build-status.txt
+      ls -la build/debug/libz3* build/debug/*.so* 2>/dev/null >> specbot-results/build-status.txt || echo "Library not found" >> specbot-results/build-status.txt
+      exit $BUILD_EXIT
+
+  - name: Compile specbot tests
+    continue-on-error: true
+    run: |
+      mkdir -p specbot-results
+      gcc -g -O0 \
+          -I src/api \
+          specbot/test_specbot_seq.c \
+          -L build/debug \
+          -lz3 \
+          -Wl,-rpath,"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/debug" \
+          -o specbot-results/test_specbot_seq \
+          2>&1 | tee specbot-results/compile_specbot_seq.log
+      echo "compile_specbot_seq_exit=$?" >> specbot-results/compile-status.txt
+
+      gcc -g -O0 \
+          -I src/api \
+          specbot/test_deeptest_seq.c \
+          -L build/debug \
+          -lz3 \
+          -Wl,-rpath,"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/debug" \
+          -o specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq \
+          2>&1 | tee specbot-results/compile_deeptest_seq.log
+      echo "compile_deeptest_seq_exit=$?" >> specbot-results/compile-status.txt
+
+  - name: Run specbot tests
+    continue-on-error: true
+    run: |
+      mkdir -p specbot-results
+      if [ -f specbot-results/test_specbot_seq ]; then
+        LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/debug" timeout 120 specbot-results/test_specbot_seq > specbot-results/test_specbot_seq.log 2>&1
+        SPECBOT_EXIT=$?
+        echo "specbot_seq_exit=${SPECBOT_EXIT}" >> specbot-results/test-status.txt
+      else
+        echo "Binary not compiled" > specbot-results/test_specbot_seq.log
+        echo "specbot_seq_exit=127" >> specbot-results/test-status.txt
+      fi
+
+      if [ -f specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq ]; then
+        LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/build/debug" timeout 120 specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq > specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq.log 2>&1
+        DEEPTEST_EXIT=$?
+        echo "deeptest_seq_exit=${DEEPTEST_EXIT}" >> specbot-results/test-status.txt
+      else
+        echo "Binary not compiled" > specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq.log
+        echo "deeptest_seq_exit=127" >> specbot-results/test-status.txt
+      fi
+
+---
+
+# Specbot Crash Analyzer
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert C/C++ and SMT solver analyst for the Z3 theorem prover
+repository `${{ github.repository }}`. The pre-steps above have already built Z3 in debug mode from the `c3`
+branch, compiled and run the specbot test suite, and saved all output to the `specbot-results/` directory in
+the workspace (`${{ github.workspace }}/specbot-results/`). Your task is to analyze those results, diagnose
+any crash root causes by reading the relevant source files, and publish a structured findings report as a
+GitHub Discussion.
+
+**Do not try to build Z3 or run tests yourself.** All build and test output is already in `specbot-results/`.
+
+## Your Task
+
+### 1. Read the Pre-Generated Results
+
+All build and test outputs are in `specbot-results/` (relative to the workspace root). Read each file:
+
+```bash
+# Build status
+cat specbot-results/build-status.txt 2>/dev/null || echo "No build status"
+
+# Compile status
+cat specbot-results/compile-status.txt 2>/dev/null || echo "No compile status"
+
+# Test status
+cat specbot-results/test-status.txt 2>/dev/null || echo "No test status"
+
+# Test output from test_specbot_seq
+cat specbot-results/test_specbot_seq.log 2>/dev/null || echo "No test_specbot_seq output"
+
+# Test output from test_deeptest_seq
+cat specbot-results/test_deeptest_seq.log 2>/dev/null || echo "No test_deeptest_seq output"
+
+# Last 30 lines of the build log
+tail -30 specbot-results/build.log 2>/dev/null || echo "No build log"
+```
+
+If `specbot-results/build-status.txt` shows `build_exit=0`, the build succeeded.
+If it shows a non-zero exit, include the last 50 lines of `specbot-results/build.log` in the report
+under a "Build Failure" section.
+
+If `specbot-results/compile-status.txt` shows a non-zero exit for a test, include the compile error
+from `specbot-results/compile_specbot_seq.log` or `specbot-results/compile_deeptest_seq.log`.
+
+Collect every line containing `CRASH` or `ABORT` from the test log files — these are the crashes to analyze.
+
+### 2. Diagnose Each Crash
+
+For each crashed test function, perform the following analysis:
+
+1. **Identify the test body**: read `specbot/test_specbot_seq.c` or `specbot/test_deeptest_seq.c`
+   to understand what Z3 API calls the test makes and what invariants it exercises.
+
+2. **Find the likely crash site**: the test exercises the Z3 Nielsen/nseq string solver. Relevant source files are:
+   - `src/smt/seq_solver.h` and `src/smt/seq_solver.cpp` (or nearby files)
+   - `src/smt/seq_axioms.cpp`, `src/smt/seq_eq_solver.cpp`, `src/smt/seq_regex.cpp`
+   - `src/math/lp/` for length-arithmetic paths
+   - `src/api/z3_api.h` for the public API entry points
+
+   Use `grep` and `view` to locate assertion macros, `UNREACHABLE()`, `SASSERT`, or `throw` statements
+   in the code paths exercised by the failing test. Example:
+   ```bash
+   grep -rn "SASSERT\|UNREACHABLE\|Z3_CATCH" src/smt/seq_solver.cpp 2>/dev/null | head -30
+   ```
+
+3. **Hypothesize root cause**: based on the Z3 API calls in the test and the assertion/throw sites in
+   the solver source, state the most likely root cause. Common categories include:
+   - Violated invariant (SASSERT/UNREACHABLE hit due to unexpected solver state)
+   - Use-after-free or dangling reference during push/pop
+   - Unhandled edge case in Nielsen graph construction
+   - Missing theory-combination lemma between string length and integer arithmetic
+
+4. **Suggest a fix**: propose a minimal, concrete fix — e.g., a guard condition, an additional lemma,
+   a missing reference-count increment, or a missing case in a switch/match.
+
+### 3. Generate the Report
+
+After analyzing all crashes, produce a structured GitHub Discussion in the "Agentic Workflows" category
+using `create-discussion`.
+
+The discussion body must follow this structure (use `###` and lower for headers):
+
+```
+### Summary
+
+- Build: Debug (CMake + Ninja, c3 branch)
+- Tests compiled: N
+- Tests run: N  
+- Tests passed: N
+- Tests crashed: N
+- Tests timed out: N
+
+### Crash Findings
+
+For each crash, one subsection:
+
+#### <test function name>
+
+**Test file**: `specbot/test_specbot_seq.c` or `specbot/test_deeptest_seq.c`
+
+**Observed failure**: ABORT/CRASH — one-line description of what was caught
+
+**Root cause hypothesis**: explanation of which assertion or code path was hit and why
+
+**Suggested fix**: concrete proposed change (file, function, what to add/change)
+
+---
+
+### Tests Passed
+
+List of test names that passed.
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Full Test Output</b></summary>
+
+Raw stdout/stderr from both test binaries.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Build Log</b></summary>
+
+Last 30 lines of the ninja build output.
+
+</details>
+```
+
+If there are no crashes at all, write a "No Crashes Found" summary celebrating that all tests passed,
+and include the full test output in a collapsible section.
+
+Use `mentions: false` behavior — do not mention any GitHub usernames in the report.
+
+Format workflow run references as: `[§${{ github.run_id }}](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }})`.
+
+## Usage
+
+Trigger via **Actions → Specbot Crash Analyzer → Run workflow** on any branch. The pre-steps
+always check out the `c3` branch where `specbot/test_specbot_seq.c` and
+`specbot/test_deeptest_seq.c` live, build Z3, run the tests, and save results to `specbot-results/`.
+The agent then analyzes the results and posts a discussion to the "Agentic Workflows" category.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/specbot.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/specbot.lock.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c87fff97c..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/specbot.lock.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1020 +0,0 @@
-#
-#    ___                   _   _      
-#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
-#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
-#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
-#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
-#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
-#          __/ |
-#  _    _ |___/ 
-# | |  | |                / _| |
-# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
-# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
-# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
-#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
-#
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.43.15). DO NOT EDIT.
-#
-# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
-#   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
-#
-# Automatically annotate code with assertions capturing class invariants, pre-conditions, and post-conditions using LLM-based specification mining
-#
-# frontmatter-hash: 375828e8a6e53eff88da442a8f8ab3894d7977dc514fce1046ff05bb53acc1b9
-
-name: "Specbot"
-"on":
-  schedule:
-  - cron: "3 7 * * 4"
-    # Friendly format: weekly (scattered)
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      target_class:
-        default: ""
-        description: Specific class name to analyze (optional)
-        required: false
-      target_path:
-        default: ""
-        description: Target directory or file to analyze (e.g., src/ast/, src/smt/smt_context.cpp)
-        required: false
-
-permissions: {}
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
-
-run-name: "Specbot"
-
-env:
-  GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.BOT_PAT }}
-
-jobs:
-  activation:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    outputs:
-      comment_id: ""
-      comment_repo: ""
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "specbot.lock.yml"
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  agent:
-    needs: activation
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      issues: read
-      pull-requests: read
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    env:
-      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
-      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
-      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-    outputs:
-      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
-      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
-      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
-      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v5
-
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Checkout PR branch
-        id: checkout-pr
-        if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.407",
-              cli_version: "v0.43.15",
-              workflow_name: "Specbot",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.16.1",
-              awmg_version: "",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.16.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
-        env:
-          TOKEN_CHECK: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TOKEN_CHECK != ''
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
-            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
-      - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 ghcr.io/github/serena-mcp-server:latest ghcr.io/githubnext/serena-mcp-server:latest node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_discussion":{"expires":168,"max":1},"create_missing_tool_issue":{"max":1,"title_prefix":"[missing tool]"},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
-            {
-              "description": "Create a GitHub discussion for announcements, Q\u0026A, reports, status updates, or community conversations. Use this for content that benefits from threaded replies, doesn't require task tracking, or serves as documentation. For actionable work items that need assignment and status tracking, use create_issue instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[SpecBot] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\".",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "body": {
-                    "description": "Discussion content in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the discussion's h1. Include all relevant context, findings, or questions.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "category": {
-                    "description": "Discussion category by name (e.g., 'General'), slug (e.g., 'general'), or ID. If omitted, uses the first available category. Category must exist in the repository.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise discussion title summarizing the topic. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "create_discussion"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_discussion": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "category": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP gateway
-        id: start-mcp-gateway
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
-          
-          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
-          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
-          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
-          export DEBUG="*"
-          
-          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
-          
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
-          {
-            "mcpServers": {
-              "github": {
-                "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
-                "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
-                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
-                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
-                }
-              },
-              "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
-                }
-              },
-              "serena": {
-                "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/serena-mcp-server:latest",
-                "args": ["--network", "host"],
-                "entrypoint": "serena",
-                "entrypointArgs": ["start-mcp-server", "--context", "codex", "--project", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
-                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw"]
-              }
-            },
-            "gateway": {
-              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
-              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
-              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
-              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
-            }
-          }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/specbot.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
-      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
-        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        timeout-minutes: 45
-        run: |
-          set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.16.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' \
-            2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
-        env:
-          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
-          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Configure Git credentials
-        env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
-      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP gateway
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
-          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
-          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
-      - name: Redact secrets in logs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
-            await main();
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
-          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Ingest agent output
-        id: collect_output
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
-          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP gateway logs for step summary
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Print firewall logs
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        env:
-          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
-        run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
-          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-      - name: Upload agent artifacts
-        if: always()
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
-            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
-            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-
-  conclusion:
-    needs:
-      - activation
-      - agent
-      - detection
-      - safe_outputs
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      discussions: write
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    outputs:
-      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
-      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
-        id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
-        id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
-          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "specbot"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
-          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
-          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
-          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Update reaction comment with completion status
-        id: conclusion
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_REPO: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_repo }}
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot"
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.result }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/notify_comment_error.cjs');
-            await main();
-
-  detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
-        env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
-        run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
-      - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot"
-          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Automatically annotate code with assertions capturing class invariants, pre-conditions, and post-conditions using LLM-based specification mining"
-          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
-          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
-        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
-        timeout-minutes: 20
-        run: |
-          set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-        env:
-          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
-          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
-          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-
-  safe_outputs:
-    needs:
-      - agent
-      - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      discussions: write
-      issues: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
-    env:
-      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "specbot"
-      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Specbot"
-    outputs:
-      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
-      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
-      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
-      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
-        with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process Safe Outputs
-        id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[SpecBot] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
-            await main();
-
diff --git a/.github/workflows/specbot.md b/.github/workflows/specbot.md
deleted file mode 100644
index a8eff8ee57..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/specbot.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Automatically annotate code with assertions capturing class invariants, pre-conditions, and post-conditions using LLM-based specification mining
-
-on:
-  schedule: weekly
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      target_path:
-        description: 'Target directory or file to analyze (e.g., src/ast/, src/smt/smt_context.cpp)'
-        required: false
-        default: ''
-      target_class:
-        description: 'Specific class name to analyze (optional)'
-        required: false
-        default: ''
-
-roles: [write, maintain, admin]
-
-env:
-  GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.BOT_PAT }}
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  issues: read
-  pull-requests: read
-
-tools:
-  github:
-    toolsets: [default]
-  view: {}
-  glob: {}
-  edit: {}
-  bash:
-    - ":*"
-
-mcp-servers:
-  serena:
-    container: "ghcr.io/githubnext/serena-mcp-server"
-    version: "latest"
-
-safe-outputs:
-  create-discussion:
-    title-prefix: "[SpecBot] "
-    category: "Agentic Workflows"
-    close-older-discussions: true
-  missing-tool:
-    create-issue: true
-
-timeout-minutes: 45
-
-steps:
-  - name: Checkout repository
-    uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
----
-
-<!-- Edit the file linked below to modify the agent without recompilation. Feel free to move the entire markdown body to that file. -->
-@./agentics/specbot.md
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d70eaf19fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1672 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"2ea4f1dabdfaa25670c4eea9c5869bcd1f55b1632124b12a5532760620e3929e","body_hash":"d737b5a4fc4e883ee954743239f36f47a253f2d731d5cfdf409c3311fcf69a83","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Compares exposed tactics and simplifiers in Z3, and creates issues for tactics that can be converted to simplifiers
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "20 22 * * 4"
+    # Friendly format: weekly (scattered)
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-tactictosimplifier-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-tactictosimplifier-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "tactic-to-simplifier"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_2a00e11d8f2b77a4_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_2a00e11d8f2b77a4_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_2a00e11d8f2b77a4_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_issue(max:3), missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_2a00e11d8f2b77a4_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_2a00e11d8f2b77a4_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_2a00e11d8f2b77a4_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_2a00e11d8f2b77a4_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_2a00e11d8f2b77a4_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: read
+      pull-requests: read
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: tactictosimplifier
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
+      - name: Create cache-memory directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
+      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          restore-keys: |
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_e38fe26b830f6cc3_EOF'
+          {"create_issue":{"labels":["enhancement","refactoring","tactic-to-simplifier"],"max":3,"title_prefix":"[tactic-to-simplifier] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_e38fe26b830f6cc3_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_issue": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 3 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[tactic-to-simplifier] \". Labels [\"enhancement\" \"refactoring\" \"tactic-to-simplifier\"] will be automatically added."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_issue": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 20
+                  },
+                  "fields": {
+                    "type": "array"
+                  },
+                  "labels": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "itemType": "string",
+                    "itemSanitize": true,
+                    "itemMaxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "parent": {
+                    "issueOrPRNumber": true
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "temporary_id": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 30
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
+      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+      - update_cache_memory
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-tactic-to-simplifier"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-tactictosimplifier-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-tactictosimplifier-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-tactictosimplifier-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "tactic-to-simplifier"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "tactic-to-simplifier"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "30"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Compares exposed tactics and simplifiers in Z3, and creates issues for tactics that can be converted to simplifiers"
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/tactic-to-simplifier"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "tactic-to-simplifier"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      created_issue_number: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_number }}
+      created_issue_url: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_url }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"enhancement\",\"refactoring\",\"tactic-to-simplifier\"],\"max\":3,\"title_prefix\":\"[tactic-to-simplifier] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  update_cache_memory:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: tactictosimplifier
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md b/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48d24ae9bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tactic-to-simplifier.md
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+---
+description: Compares exposed tactics and simplifiers in Z3, and creates issues for tactics that can be converted to simplifiers
+
+on:
+  schedule: weekly
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+timeout-minutes: 30
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  issues: read
+  pull-requests: read
+
+network: defaults
+
+tools:
+  cache-memory: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default]
+  bash: [":*"]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-issue:
+    labels:
+      - enhancement
+      - refactoring
+      - tactic-to-simplifier
+    title-prefix: "[tactic-to-simplifier] "
+    max: 3
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+  github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+steps:
+  - name: Checkout repository
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      persist-credentials: false
+
+---
+
+# Tactic-to-Simplifier Comparison Agent
+
+You are an expert Z3 theorem prover developer. Your task is to compare the tactics and simplifiers exposed in the Z3 codebase, identify tactics that could be converted into simplifiers, and create GitHub issues with the proposed code changes.
+
+## Background
+
+Z3 has two related but distinct abstraction layers:
+
+- **Tactics** (`tactic` base class in `src/tactic/tactic.h`): Operate on *goals* (sets of formulas). Registered with `ADD_TACTIC` macros.
+- **Simplifiers** (`dependent_expr_simplifier` base class in `src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h`): Operate on individual `dependent_expr` objects in a `dependent_expr_state`. Registered with `ADD_SIMPLIFIER` macros.
+
+The preferred modern pattern wraps a simplifier as a tactic using `dependent_expr_state_tactic` (see `src/tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h`). Example from `src/tactic/core/propagate_values2_tactic.h`:
+
+```cpp
+inline tactic * mk_propagate_values2_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+                 [](auto& m, auto& p, auto &s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* { return alloc(propagate_values, m, p, s); });
+}
+
+/*
+  ADD_TACTIC("propagate-values2", "propagate constants.", "mk_propagate_values2_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("propagate-values", "propagate constants.", "alloc(propagate_values, m, p, s)")
+*/
+```
+
+## Your Task
+
+### Step 1: Collect All Tactics
+
+Scan all header files in `src/` to extract every `ADD_TACTIC` registration:
+
+```bash
+grep -rn "ADD_TACTIC(" src/ --include="*.h" | grep -v "^Binary"
+```
+
+Parse each line to extract:
+- Tactic name (first quoted string)
+- Description (second quoted string)
+- Factory expression (third quoted string)
+- File path
+
+### Step 2: Collect All Simplifiers
+
+Scan all header files to extract every `ADD_SIMPLIFIER` registration:
+
+```bash
+grep -rn "ADD_SIMPLIFIER(" src/ --include="*.h" | grep -v "^Binary"
+```
+
+Parse each line to extract:
+- Simplifier name
+- Description
+- Factory expression
+- File path
+
+### Step 3: Compare and Find Gaps
+
+Build a comparison table. For each tactic, check if there is a corresponding simplifier with the same or a closely related name.
+
+Key rules for matching:
+- Exact name match: tactic `simplify` ↔ simplifier `simplify`
+- Version suffix: tactic `propagate-values2` corresponds to simplifier `propagate-values` (the "2" suffix indicates the tactic wraps the simplifier)
+- Suffix `2`: tactics with `2` suffix (e.g., `elim-uncnstr2`, `propagate-bv-bounds2`) typically already have a simplifier counterpart
+
+Identify tactics that have **no corresponding simplifier**.
+
+### Step 4: Evaluate Convertibility
+
+For each tactic without a corresponding simplifier, assess whether it is a good candidate for conversion by examining its implementation:
+
+```bash
+# Read the tactic's header file to understand its implementation
+grep -rn "mk_<tactic_name>_tactic\|class <tactic_name>" src/ --include="*.h" --include="*.cpp"
+```
+
+A tactic is a **good conversion candidate** if:
+1. It transforms formulas in a formula-by-formula way (no goal splitting/branching)
+2. It does not produce multiple goals from one
+3. It is a pure simplification (rewrites terms without adding new conjuncts that split the goal)
+4. It doesn't require global goal analysis beyond what `dependent_expr_state` provides
+
+A tactic is **not suitable** for conversion if:
+- It splits goals into multiple subgoals
+- It requires tight coupling to the goal infrastructure
+- It depends on features unavailable in `dependent_expr_simplifier` (e.g., `goal_num_occurs`)
+- It only makes sense in a tactic pipeline (e.g., `fail`, `skip`, `sat`, `smt`, solver tactics)
+- It is a portfolio tactic (combines multiple tactics)
+
+### Step 5: Check for Existing Issues
+
+Before creating any issue, search for existing open issues to avoid duplicates:
+
+Use GitHub tools to search: `repo:${{ github.repository }} is:issue is:open label:tactic-to-simplifier "<tactic-name>"`
+
+Also check cache memory for previously created issues.
+
+### Step 6: Create Issues for Convertible Tactics
+
+For each convertible tactic that does not already have an open issue:
+
+1. Read the tactic's existing implementation carefully (header + cpp files)
+2. Design the corresponding `dependent_expr_simplifier` subclass
+3. Draft the code for the new simplifier
+
+Use `create-issue` to create a GitHub issue with:
+
+**Title**: `Convert tactic '<tactic-name>' to a simplifier`
+
+**Body**:
+
+```markdown
+## Summary
+
+The `<tactic-name>` tactic (described as: "<description>") currently only exists as a `tactic`
+and has no corresponding `dependent_expr_simplifier`. This issue proposes converting it to
+expose it as both a tactic (via the `dependent_expr_state_tactic` wrapper) and a simplifier.
+
+## Background
+
+Z3 provides two abstraction layers for formula transformation:
+- **Tactics** (`tactic` base class): Operate on goals
+- **Simplifiers** (`dependent_expr_simplifier` base class): Operate on individual formulas in a `dependent_expr_state`
+
+The modern pattern wraps a simplifier inside a tactic using `dependent_expr_state_tactic`.
+
+## Current Implementation
+
+File: `<path/to/tactic/header.h>`
+
+```cpp
+// Existing tactic registration
+ADD_TACTIC("<tactic-name>", "<description>", "mk_<tactic_name>_tactic(m, p)")
+```
+
+## Proposed Change
+
+### 1. Create a new simplifier class in `src/ast/simplifiers/<name>_simplifier.h`:
+
+```cpp
+#pragma once
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+// ... other includes
+
+class <name>_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+    // ... internal state
+public:
+    <name>_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s)
+        : dependent_expr_simplifier(m, s) { }
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "<simplifier-name>"; }
+
+    void reduce() override {
+        for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+            auto& d = m_fmls[idx];
+            // ... transform d.fml() ...
+            expr_ref new_fml(m);
+            // apply simplification
+            m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_fml, nullptr, d.dep()));
+        }
+    }
+};
+```
+
+### 2. Update `<path/to/existing/tactic_header.h>` to add the simplifier registration and new tactic factory:
+
+```cpp
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/<name>_simplifier.h"
+
+inline tactic* mk_<name>2_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+        [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* {
+            return alloc(<name>_simplifier, m, p, s);
+        });
+}
+
+/*
+  ADD_TACTIC("<tactic-name>2", "<description>", "mk_<name>2_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("<tactic-name>", "<description>", "alloc(<name>_simplifier, m, p, s)")
+*/
+```
+
+## Benefits
+
+- Enables use of `<tactic-name>` in Z3's simplifier pipeline (used by the new solver engine)
+- Follows the established modern pattern for formula simplification in Z3
+- No behavioral change for existing tactic users
+
+## Notes
+
+- The original `mk_<tactic_name>_tactic` should remain for backward compatibility
+- The simplifier should implement `supports_proofs()` if proof generation is relevant
+```
+
+**Important instructions for issue body**:
+- Replace all placeholders (`<tactic-name>`, `<name>`, `<description>`, `<path>`, etc.) with **real, specific values** from the actual source code
+- Provide **actual code** based on reading the tactic's implementation, not generic templates
+- Include the real factory expression, include paths, and class names from the existing implementation
+- If the tactic has parameters, include them in the simplifier
+- If the tactic wraps another component (rewriter, solver, etc.), include that in the simplifier too
+
+### Step 7: Update Cache Memory
+
+Store in cache memory:
+- The list of all tactics analyzed in this run
+- The list of issues created (tactic name → issue number)
+- Tactics determined to be non-convertible and why
+- Tactics with existing issues (to skip in future runs)
+
+## Conversion Criteria Reference
+
+### Likely Convertible (if no simplifier exists)
+- Pure term rewriting tactics (apply rewriting rules)
+- Bound propagation tactics
+- Variable elimination tactics that work formula-by-formula
+- Normalization tactics (NNF, SNF) that apply local transformations
+- Tactics that simplify based on syntactic structure
+
+### Not Convertible (skip these)
+- Solver-based tactics (`ctx-solver-simplify`, `sat`, `smt`, etc.) — require a solver
+- Portfolio/combinator tactics (`then`, `or-else`, `repeat`, etc.)
+- Decision procedure tactics (`qfbv`, `qflra`, etc.)
+- Tactics that split goals (`split-clause`, `tseitin-cnf`, `occf`)
+- Tactics that only make sense in goal context (`fail`, `skip`)
+- Tactics using `goal_num_occurs` for occurrence counting (the simplifier doesn't have this)
+- Tactics that produce multiple result goals
+
+## Guidelines
+
+- **Be specific**: Provide actual file paths, class names, and factory expressions — no generic placeholders
+- **Be careful**: Only create issues for tactics that are genuinely good candidates
+- **Avoid duplicates**: Always check existing issues before creating new ones
+- **One issue per tactic**: Create separate issues for each convertible tactic
+- **Read the code**: Examine the actual tactic implementation before proposing code for the simplifier
+- **Be incremental**: If there are many candidates, focus on the most impactful ones first
+- **Limit per run**: Create at most 3 new issues per run to avoid flooding the issue tracker
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0b20c0bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1577 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"a9a6e78bc70c14e8aa4a23ed548ef66ec02caeaae87a8d731b29f69c61526ab2","body_hash":"c8dc70436710705ec44e1f6b0236a2e5b314b3aec02708ef192cab1bb4099dce","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Weekly benchmark of Z3's TPTP front-end against 500 random TPTP problems. Downloads TPTP benchmarks from tptp.org, resolves axiom dependencies, skips large problems, runs each with a 5-second timeout, and posts a discrepancy/crash report as a GitHub discussion.
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 6 * * 1"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults","tptp.org"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-tptpbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-tptpbenchmark-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "tptp-benchmark"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "tptp-benchmark.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_93a00b92db3cfdba_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_93a00b92db3cfdba_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_93a00b92db3cfdba_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_93a00b92db3cfdba_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_93a00b92db3cfdba_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_93a00b92db3cfdba_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_93a00b92db3cfdba_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_93a00b92db3cfdba_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: tptpbenchmark
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Install build dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -y -q
+          sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build python3 wget curl bc
+      - name: Build Z3
+        run: "mkdir -p /tmp/z3-build\ncd /tmp/z3-build\ncmake \"$GITHUB_WORKSPACE\" \\\n  -G Ninja \\\n  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \\\n  -DZ3_BUILD_TEST_EXECUTABLES=OFF\nninja -j$(nproc) z3\n./z3 --version\n"
+
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_784cc762b36517a2_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":336,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[TPTP Benchmark] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_784cc762b36517a2_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[TPTP Benchmark] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
+                  },
+                  "category": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 300
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"tptp.org\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 300
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,tptp.org,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-tptp-benchmark"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-tptpbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-tptpbenchmark-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-tptpbenchmark-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "tptp-benchmark"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "tptp-benchmark"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+          GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "300"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Weekly benchmark of Z3's TPTP front-end against 500 random TPTP problems. Downloads TPTP benchmarks from tptp.org, resolves axiom dependencies, skips large problems, runs each with a 5-second timeout, and posts a discrepancy/crash report as a GitHub discussion."
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      discussions: write
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/tptp-benchmark"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "tptp-benchmark"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "TPTP Front-End Benchmark"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,tptp.org,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":336,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[TPTP Benchmark] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md b/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d12252c98c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tptp-benchmark.md
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+---
+description: >
+  Weekly benchmark of Z3's TPTP front-end against 500 random TPTP problems.
+  Downloads TPTP benchmarks from tptp.org, resolves axiom dependencies,
+  skips large problems, runs each with a 5-second timeout, and posts a
+  discrepancy/crash report as a GitHub discussion.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 6 * * 1"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+network:
+  allowed:
+    - defaults
+    - tptp.org
+
+tools:
+  bash: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default]
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-discussion:
+    title-prefix: "[TPTP Benchmark] "
+    category: "Agentic Workflows"
+    close-older-discussions: true
+    expires: 14d
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+timeout-minutes: 300
+
+steps:
+  - name: Checkout repository
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      persist-credentials: false
+
+  - name: Install build dependencies
+    run: |
+      sudo apt-get update -y -q
+      sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build python3 wget curl bc
+
+  - name: Build Z3
+    run: |
+      mkdir -p /tmp/z3-build
+      cd /tmp/z3-build
+      cmake "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" \
+        -G Ninja \
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+        -DZ3_BUILD_TEST_EXECUTABLES=OFF
+      ninja -j$(nproc) z3
+      ./z3 --version
+
+---
+
+# TPTP Front-End Benchmark
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert testing engineer for the Z3 theorem prover. Your task is to:
+
+1. Verify the Z3 binary built by the pre-flight step is available
+2. Download the TPTP benchmark library from tptp.org
+3. Select 500 random small-to-medium problems (with their axiom dependencies)
+4. Run each problem through Z3's TPTP front-end with a 5-second timeout
+5. Compare Z3's output against the expected SZS status declared in each problem file
+6. Post a detailed report as a GitHub Discussion summarising discrepancies and crashes
+
+**Repository**: ${{ github.repository }}
+**Workspace**: ${{ github.workspace }}
+
+## Phase 1: Verify Z3 Binary
+
+Z3 was built by the workflow pre-flight step and is available at `/tmp/z3-build/z3`.
+Confirm the binary is present and functional:
+
+```bash
+/tmp/z3-build/z3 --version
+```
+
+If the binary is missing or returns an error, call the `noop` safe-output with a message describing the problem and stop.
+
+Once confirmed, call `noop` with `"Z3 binary verified. Downloading TPTP benchmark library — this may take a few minutes."` to keep the safe-output session alive.
+
+## Phase 2: Download the TPTP Problem Library
+
+Find the latest TPTP release and download the full archive.
+
+```bash
+# Find the latest TPTP distribution version by fetching the directory listing
+TPTP_DIST_URL="https://tptp.org/TPTP/Distribution/"
+LATEST_TGZ=$(curl -sL "$TPTP_DIST_URL" \
+  | grep -oP 'TPTP-v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.tgz' \
+  | sort -V | tail -1)
+
+if [ -z "$LATEST_TGZ" ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: Could not determine latest TPTP version from $TPTP_DIST_URL"
+  # Fall back to a known stable version
+  LATEST_TGZ="TPTP-v9.0.0.tgz"
+fi
+
+echo "Downloading $LATEST_TGZ ..."
+mkdir -p /tmp/tptp_download
+wget -q --show-progress \
+  "${TPTP_DIST_URL}${LATEST_TGZ}" \
+  -O /tmp/tptp_download/tptp.tgz
+
+echo "Extracting TPTP library..."
+mkdir -p /tmp/tptp
+tar -xzf /tmp/tptp_download/tptp.tgz -C /tmp/tptp --strip-components=1 2>&1 | tail -5
+
+# Verify extraction
+if [ ! -d /tmp/tptp/Problems ] || [ ! -d /tmp/tptp/Axioms ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: TPTP extraction failed — Problems/ or Axioms/ directory not found"
+  ls /tmp/tptp/
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+TPTP_ROOT=/tmp/tptp
+echo "TPTP library extracted to $TPTP_ROOT"
+echo "Problem domains available:"
+ls "$TPTP_ROOT/Problems/" | wc -l
+echo "Axiom files available:"
+ls "$TPTP_ROOT/Axioms/" | wc -l
+```
+
+If the download or extraction fails, call `noop` with the error details and stop.
+
+Call `noop` with `"TPTP library downloaded and extracted. Selecting 500 benchmark problems — filtering by size."` to keep the session alive.
+
+## Phase 3: Select 500 Benchmark Problems
+
+Filter out large problems and problems that depend on large axiom files, then take a random sample of 500.
+
+Save this script to `/tmp/select_benchmarks.py` and run it:
+
+```python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Select 500 random TPTP problems that:
+  - Have a known, conclusive expected status (Theorem, Unsatisfiable,
+    CounterSatisfiable, Satisfiable) OR Unknown/Open status.
+  - Are not "large" (problem file <= 50 KB).
+  - Do not include any axiom file larger than 100 KB.
+"""
+import os
+import re
+import random
+import sys
+
+TPTP_ROOT = "/tmp/tptp"
+PROBLEMS_DIR = os.path.join(TPTP_ROOT, "Problems")
+AXIOMS_DIR = os.path.join(TPTP_ROOT, "Axioms")
+MAX_PROBLEM_SIZE = 50 * 1024      # 50 KB
+MAX_AXIOM_SIZE   = 100 * 1024     # 100 KB
+SAMPLE_SIZE = 500
+OUTPUT_FILE = "/tmp/selected_benchmarks.txt"
+
+include_re = re.compile(r"include\s*\(\s*['\"]([^'\"]+)['\"]", re.IGNORECASE)
+status_re  = re.compile(r"%\s*Status\s*:\s*(\S+)", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+def axiom_sizes_ok(problem_path):
+    """Return True if all included axiom files exist and are <= MAX_AXIOM_SIZE."""
+    try:
+        with open(problem_path, encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
+            content = f.read(4096)   # header is in first few KB
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+    for m in include_re.finditer(content):
+        axiom_rel = m.group(1)        # e.g. "Axioms/AGT001+0.ax"
+        axiom_path = os.path.join(TPTP_ROOT, axiom_rel)
+        if not os.path.exists(axiom_path):
+            return False              # axiom missing — skip
+        if os.path.getsize(axiom_path) > MAX_AXIOM_SIZE:
+            return False              # axiom too large — skip
+    return True
+
+candidates = []
+skipped_size = 0
+skipped_axiom = 0
+
+for domain in sorted(os.listdir(PROBLEMS_DIR)):
+    domain_dir = os.path.join(PROBLEMS_DIR, domain)
+    if not os.path.isdir(domain_dir):
+        continue
+    for fname in os.listdir(domain_dir):
+        if not fname.endswith(".p"):
+            continue
+        fpath = os.path.join(domain_dir, fname)
+        size = os.path.getsize(fpath)
+        if size > MAX_PROBLEM_SIZE:
+            skipped_size += 1
+            continue
+        if not axiom_sizes_ok(fpath):
+            skipped_axiom += 1
+            continue
+        candidates.append(fpath)
+
+print(f"Total candidates (after filtering): {len(candidates)}", flush=True)
+print(f"  Skipped — problem too large : {skipped_size}", flush=True)
+print(f"  Skipped — axiom too large   : {skipped_axiom}", flush=True)
+
+if len(candidates) == 0:
+    print("ERROR: No suitable benchmark problems found.", file=sys.stderr)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+if len(candidates) > SAMPLE_SIZE:
+    random.seed(42)
+    selected = random.sample(candidates, SAMPLE_SIZE)
+else:
+    selected = candidates
+
+selected.sort()
+with open(OUTPUT_FILE, "w") as f:
+    f.write("\n".join(selected) + "\n")
+
+print(f"Selected {len(selected)} problems → {OUTPUT_FILE}", flush=True)
+```
+
+Run the script:
+
+```bash
+python3 /tmp/select_benchmarks.py
+SELECTED=$(wc -l < /tmp/selected_benchmarks.txt)
+echo "Benchmark set: $SELECTED problems"
+```
+
+If no problems are found, call `noop` with an error message and stop.
+
+Call `noop` with `"$SELECTED problems selected. Starting benchmark run with 5-second timeout per problem — this will take approximately $(( SELECTED * 7 / 60 )) minutes."` to keep the session alive.
+
+## Phase 4: Run Benchmarks
+
+Save the following script to `/tmp/run_tptp_benchmarks.sh`, make it executable, and run it.
+
+```bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+Z3=/tmp/z3-build/z3
+TPTP_ROOT=/tmp/tptp
+TIMEOUT_HARD=8        # outer OS-level guard (seconds; 3 s beyond Z3's -T:5)
+Z3_TIMEOUT=5          # Z3 internal timeout: -T:N sets N-second limit (uppercase -T is seconds)
+
+RESULTS=/tmp/tptp_results.tsv
+PROBLEM_LIST=/tmp/selected_benchmarks.txt
+
+echo -e "file\texpected\tactual\ttime_s\tnotes" > "$RESULTS"
+
+# Helper: extract the expected SZS status from the TPTP problem header.
+get_expected_status() {
+    local file="$1"
+    # Look for lines like: "% Status   : Theorem"
+    grep -m1 -iP '%\s*Status\s*:\s*\K\S+' "$file" 2>/dev/null || echo "Unknown"
+}
+
+# Helper: run z3 on a single TPTP problem with timeout.
+run_benchmark() {
+    local file="$1"
+    local start end elapsed output exit_code verdict
+
+    start=$(date +%s%3N)    # milliseconds since epoch
+    output=$(TPTP="$TPTP_ROOT" timeout "$TIMEOUT_HARD" \
+        "$Z3" -tptp -T:"$Z3_TIMEOUT" "$file" 2>&1) || exit_code=$?
+    exit_code=${exit_code:-0}
+    end=$(date +%s%3N)
+    elapsed=$(echo "scale=3; ($end - $start) / 1000" | bc)
+
+    # Extract SZS status line from output
+    szs_line=$(echo "$output" | grep -m1 "% SZS status" || true)
+
+    if [ -n "$szs_line" ]; then
+        # Parse the status keyword (e.g. "Theorem", "CounterSatisfiable", "GaveUp")
+        verdict=$(echo "$szs_line" | grep -oP '% SZS status \K\S+' || echo "Unknown")
+    elif [ "$exit_code" -eq 124 ]; then
+        verdict="Timeout"
+    elif [ "$exit_code" -ne 0 ]; then
+        verdict="Crash"
+    else
+        verdict="NoOutput"
+    fi
+
+    echo "$verdict $elapsed"
+}
+
+COUNTER=0
+TOTAL=$(wc -l < "$PROBLEM_LIST")
+
+while IFS= read -r problem_file; do
+    COUNTER=$((COUNTER + 1))
+
+    expected=$(get_expected_status "$problem_file")
+    result_line=$(run_benchmark "$problem_file")
+    actual=$(echo "$result_line" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+    elapsed=$(echo "$result_line" | cut -d' ' -f2)
+    fname=$(basename "$problem_file")
+
+    # Classify notes
+    notes=""
+    # Soundness discrepancy: both answers are conclusive but conflict
+    conclusive_expected=false
+    conclusive_actual=false
+    case "$expected" in
+        Theorem|Unsatisfiable)     conclusive_expected=true ;;
+        Satisfiable|CounterSatisfiable) conclusive_expected=true ;;
+    esac
+    case "$actual" in
+        Theorem|Unsatisfiable)     conclusive_actual=true ;;
+        Satisfiable|CounterSatisfiable) conclusive_actual=true ;;
+    esac
+
+    if $conclusive_expected && $conclusive_actual; then
+        # Map expected to the Z3 output equivalents for comparison
+        # Theorem (has-conjecture unsat) matches "Theorem"
+        # Unsatisfiable (no-conjecture unsat) matches "Unsatisfiable"
+        # Satisfiable (no-conjecture sat) matches "Satisfiable"
+        # CounterSatisfiable (has-conjecture sat) matches "CounterSatisfiable"
+        if [ "$expected" != "$actual" ]; then
+            # Check for sat/unsat polarity conflict
+            sat_expected=false; sat_actual=false
+            case "$expected" in Satisfiable|CounterSatisfiable) sat_expected=true ;; esac
+            case "$actual"   in Satisfiable|CounterSatisfiable) sat_actual=true   ;; esac
+            if [ "$sat_expected" != "$sat_actual" ]; then
+                notes="SOUNDNESS_ERROR"
+            else
+                notes="STATUS_MISMATCH"
+            fi
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$actual" = "Crash" ]; then
+        notes="CRASH"
+    fi
+
+    echo -e "$fname\t$expected\t$actual\t$elapsed\t$notes" >> "$RESULTS"
+
+    if [ -n "$notes" ]; then
+        echo "[$COUNTER/$TOTAL] $fname  expected=$expected  actual=$actual  time=${elapsed}s  *** $notes ***"
+    elif [ $((COUNTER % 50)) -eq 0 ]; then
+        echo "[$COUNTER/$TOTAL] Progress checkpoint  last=$fname  actual=$actual  time=${elapsed}s"
+    fi
+
+done < "$PROBLEM_LIST"
+
+echo "Benchmark run complete: $COUNTER problems processed. Results → $RESULTS"
+```
+
+Run it:
+
+```bash
+chmod +x /tmp/run_tptp_benchmarks.sh
+/tmp/run_tptp_benchmarks.sh
+```
+
+Do not skip any file in the list.
+
+## Phase 5: Analyze Results
+
+Save the following script to `/tmp/analyze_tptp.py` and run it:
+
+```python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Compute summary statistics from the TPTP benchmark TSV."""
+import csv
+
+RESULTS_FILE = "/tmp/tptp_results.tsv"
+
+rows = []
+with open(RESULTS_FILE, newline="") as f:
+    reader = csv.DictReader(f, delimiter="\t")
+    for row in reader:
+        rows.append(row)
+
+total = len(rows)
+
+# Verdict counts
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+actual_counts = Counter(r["actual"] for r in rows)
+expected_counts = Counter(r["expected"] for r in rows)
+
+# Flagged rows
+soundness_errors = [r for r in rows if r["notes"] == "SOUNDNESS_ERROR"]
+status_mismatches = [r for r in rows if r["notes"] == "STATUS_MISMATCH"]
+crashes           = [r for r in rows if r["notes"] == "CRASH"]
+timeouts          = [r for r in rows if r["actual"] == "Timeout"]
+gave_up           = [r for r in rows if r["actual"] == "GaveUp"]
+
+# Solved correctly (expected matches actual for conclusive verdicts)
+conclusive_expected = {"Theorem", "Unsatisfiable", "Satisfiable", "CounterSatisfiable"}
+correct = [r for r in rows
+           if r["expected"] in conclusive_expected
+           and r["actual"] == r["expected"]]
+
+print(f"TOTAL={total}")
+print(f"CORRECT={len(correct)}")
+print(f"TIMEOUTS={len(timeouts)}")
+print(f"GAVE_UP={len(gave_up)}")
+print(f"CRASHES={len(crashes)}")
+print(f"SOUNDNESS_ERRORS={len(soundness_errors)}")
+print(f"STATUS_MISMATCHES={len(status_mismatches)}")
+
+print("\n--- Actual verdict breakdown ---")
+for v, c in sorted(actual_counts.items()):
+    print(f"  {v}: {c}")
+
+print("\n--- Expected status breakdown ---")
+for v, c in sorted(expected_counts.items()):
+    print(f"  {v}: {c}")
+
+if soundness_errors:
+    print(f"\n--- SOUNDNESS ERRORS ({len(soundness_errors)}) ---")
+    for r in soundness_errors:
+        print(f"  {r['file']}  expected={r['expected']}  actual={r['actual']}")
+
+if crashes:
+    print(f"\n--- CRASHES ({len(crashes)}) ---")
+    for r in crashes:
+        print(f"  {r['file']}  expected={r['expected']}")
+
+if status_mismatches:
+    print(f"\n--- STATUS MISMATCHES ({len(status_mismatches)}) ---")
+    for r in status_mismatches[:20]:
+        print(f"  {r['file']}  expected={r['expected']}  actual={r['actual']}")
+```
+
+Run the analysis:
+
+```bash
+python3 /tmp/analyze_tptp.py
+```
+
+## Phase 6: Generate and Post the Discussion Report
+
+Read the TSV at `/tmp/tptp_results.tsv` and the analysis output, then compose a Markdown report and call `create_discussion`.
+
+The report should use `###` or lower for all headers (never `#` or `##`). Use collapsible `<details>` sections for large tables.
+
+Use this structure:
+
+```markdown
+**Date**: <today's date>
+**Branch**: master
+**Commit**: `<short SHA>` (run `git rev-parse --short HEAD` in ${{ github.workspace }} to get the SHA)
+**Workflow Run**: [${{ github.run_id }}](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }})
+**TPTP version**: <downloaded version>
+**Problems benchmarked**: <N> (random sample, timeout 5 s per problem)
+
+---
+
+### Summary
+
+| Metric | Count |
+|--------|-------|
+| Total problems run | N |
+| Correct (expected = actual) | N |
+| Timeouts | N |
+| GaveUp (within time budget) | N |
+| Crashes / errors | N |
+| Soundness errors (sat↔unsat conflict) | N |
+| Status mismatches (Theorem vs Unsatisfiable etc.) | N |
+
+### Expected Status Distribution
+
+| Expected Status | Count |
+|----------------|-------|
+| Theorem | N |
+| Unsatisfiable | N |
+| Satisfiable | N |
+| CounterSatisfiable | N |
+| Unknown / Open | N |
+
+---
+
+### ⚠️ Critical: Soundness Errors
+
+[List ALL files where Z3 returned a conclusive answer that contradicts the expected answer
+(e.g., expected Theorem but got CounterSatisfiable). If none, write "None detected."]
+
+### 💥 Crashes
+
+[List ALL files where Z3 crashed (non-zero exit, no SZS output, not a timeout).
+Include filename and expected status. If none, write "None detected."]
+
+### Status Mismatches
+
+[Files where both answers are conclusive but differ in Theorem vs Unsatisfiable polarity
+(e.g., expected Theorem but actual Unsatisfiable). These may indicate conjecture-handling
+differences rather than soundness bugs. If none, write "None detected."]
+
+---
+
+<details>
+<summary>View all Timeouts (problems where Z3 exceeded the 5-second limit)</summary>
+
+| # | File | Expected Status |
+|---|------|----------------|
+[First 100 timeout rows]
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary>View full per-problem results table</summary>
+
+| # | File | Expected | Actual | Time (s) | Notes |
+|---|------|----------|--------|----------|-------|
+[All rows, or first 500 if over limit]
+
+</details>
+
+---
+
+### Recommendations
+
+[Based on the findings, list actionable items. E.g.: investigate soundness errors,
+file crash bugs, note domains where Z3 consistently times out.]
+```
+
+Post the discussion using the `create_discussion` safe output. The title should be
+`[TPTP Benchmark] master — <date>`.
+
+## Safe Output Guarantee
+
+You **MUST** call either `create_discussion` or `noop` before the workflow ends:
+
+- **Full success**: Call `create_discussion` with the complete report.
+- **Partial results** (some problems ran): Call `create_discussion` with whatever results are available and a note about incomplete execution.
+- **Download failure**: Call `noop` with the download error details.
+- **No problems selected**: Call `noop` explaining why no problems were found.
+- **Binary missing**: If `/tmp/z3-build/z3` is unexpectedly absent, call `noop` with that detail and stop.
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- **Build failure handling**: Z3 was built before the agent loaded. If the binary is missing or non-functional, call `noop` with the error and stop.
+- **TPTP environment variable**: Set `TPTP=/tmp/tptp` when invoking `z3 -tptp` so that `include()` directives in problem files resolve correctly against the downloaded Axioms directory.
+- **Timeout detection**: Use `timeout 8` as the outer OS-level guard (3 seconds beyond Z3's `-T:5`) to allow Z3 to exit cleanly before the shell kills it. If the exit code from `timeout` is 124, record the verdict as `Timeout`.
+- **Crash detection**: A crash is a non-zero exit code with no `% SZS status` line in the output and no timeout. Record it separately from `GaveUp`.
+- **SZS status semantics**: Z3 outputs `Theorem` (not `Unsatisfiable`) when it proves a conjecture; `CounterSatisfiable` (not `Satisfiable`) when it finds a counterexample to a conjecture. A status mismatch between `Theorem` and `Unsatisfiable` for the same problem may be innocuous and depends on whether the problem file uses a conjecture formula.
+- **Report soundness bugs prominently**: Any case where the polarity of the answer conflicts (expected Theorem/Unsatisfiable but got CounterSatisfiable/Satisfiable, or vice versa) is a potential soundness bug and must be highlighted as critical.
+- **Keep progress log**: Print a line for every flagged result and every 50th problem so the workflow log shows progress.
+- **Close older discussions**: Configured via `close-older-discussions: true`. Only the latest weekly report remains open.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wasm-release.yml b/.github/workflows/wasm-release.yml
index 2fb04d49f8..a34346a4f6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wasm-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wasm-release.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup node
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
           cp ../../../LICENSE.txt .
 
       - name: Setup emscripten
-        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
+        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v16
         with:
           no-install: true
           version: ${{env.EM_VERSION}}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wasm.yml b/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
index 0eaa8f863e..740b3b7b1a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
       - name: Setup node
         uses: actions/setup-node@v6
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
           node-version: "lts/*"
 
       - name: Setup emscripten
-        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
+        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v16
         with:
           no-install: true
           version: ${{env.EM_VERSION}}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wip.yml b/.github/workflows/wip.yml
index edb4ec8124..6ed1a79287 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wip.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wip.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.0
 
     - name: Configure CMake
       run: cmake -B ${{github.workspace}}/build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{env.BUILD_TYPE}}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml
index be4ba9f3fb..cfa671ba5b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"bc4d6c4f7653b2efc986f8098b4a23c0aaf455d6d7fa17516aece23a2ef7cee2","body_hash":"01aef2e3410178a2ec9fa4a4731b68504136f16d352e3498deb2b9a6da385733","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
 #
 #    ___                   _   _      
 #   / _ \                 | | (_)     
@@ -13,22 +16,53 @@
 # \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
 #  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
 #
-# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.43.15). DO NOT EDIT.
 #
 # To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
 #   gh aw compile
-# For more information: https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
 #
-# Daily agent that suggests which agentic workflow agents should be added to the Z3 repository
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
 #
-# frontmatter-hash: e843fd2471b755f0e55b763d050dbdc764bee11d999fb91914bd1ac46c73cfc5
+# Weekly agent that suggests which agentic workflow agents should be added to the Z3 repository
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
 
 name: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
-"on":
+on:
   schedule:
-  - cron: "27 5 * * *"
-    # Friendly format: daily (scattered)
+  - cron: "23 2 * * 0"
+    # Friendly format: weekly (scattered)
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
 
 permissions: {}
 
@@ -41,419 +75,674 @@ jobs:
   activation:
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
+      actions: read
       contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
       comment_id: ""
       comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Check workflow file timestamps
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
         env:
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-workflowsuggestionagent-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-workflowsuggestionagent-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "workflow-suggestion-agent"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_54b3079f04485818_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_54b3079f04485818_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_54b3079f04485818_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_discussion, missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_54b3079f04485818_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_54b3079f04485818_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_54b3079f04485818_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_54b3079f04485818_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_54b3079f04485818_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
 
   agent:
     needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions: read-all
     concurrency:
       group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
     env:
       DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
       GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
       GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
       GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-      GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: workflowsuggestionagent
     outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
       checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
-      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
       output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
       output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
-      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
       - name: Create cache-memory directory
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
       - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
-          key: memory-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
           restore-keys: |
-            memory-${{ github.workflow }}-
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Checkout PR branch
         id: checkout-pr
         if: |
-          github.event.pull_request
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Generate agentic run info
-        id: generate_aw_info
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            
-            const awInfo = {
-              engine_id: "copilot",
-              engine_name: "GitHub Copilot CLI",
-              model: process.env.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || "",
-              version: "",
-              agent_version: "0.0.407",
-              cli_version: "v0.43.15",
-              workflow_name: "Workflow Suggestion Agent",
-              experimental: false,
-              supports_tools_allowlist: true,
-              supports_http_transport: true,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              run_number: context.runNumber,
-              run_attempt: process.env.GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT,
-              repository: context.repo.owner + '/' + context.repo.repo,
-              ref: context.ref,
-              sha: context.sha,
-              actor: context.actor,
-              event_name: context.eventName,
-              staged: false,
-              allowed_domains: ["defaults"],
-              firewall_enabled: true,
-              awf_version: "v0.16.1",
-              awmg_version: "",
-              steps: {
-                firewall: "squid"
-              },
-              created_at: new Date().toISOString()
-            };
-            
-            // Write to /tmp/gh-aw directory to avoid inclusion in PR
-            const tmpPath = '/tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json';
-            fs.writeFileSync(tmpPath, JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            console.log('Generated aw_info.json at:', tmpPath);
-            console.log(JSON.stringify(awInfo, null, 2));
-            
-            // Set model as output for reuse in other steps/jobs
-            core.setOutput('model', awInfo.model);
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
-      - name: Install awf binary
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh v0.16.1
-      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP server
-        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
         env:
-          TOKEN_CHECK: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TOKEN_CHECK != ''
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
             await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
       - name: Download container images
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.16.1 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4 ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3 ghcr.io/github/serena-mcp-server:latest node:lts-alpine
-      - name: Write Safe Outputs Config
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF'
-          {"create_discussion":{"expires":168,"max":1},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1}}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF'
-          [
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_991c28a9a92d9116_EOF'
+          {"create_discussion":{"category":"agentic workflows","close_older_discussions":true,"expires":168,"fallback_to_issue":true,"max":1,"title_prefix":"[Workflow Suggestions] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_991c28a9a92d9116_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
             {
-              "description": "Create a GitHub discussion for announcements, Q\u0026A, reports, status updates, or community conversations. Use this for content that benefits from threaded replies, doesn't require task tracking, or serves as documentation. For actionable work items that need assignment and status tracking, use create_issue instead. CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Workflow Suggestions] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\".",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_discussion": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 1 discussion(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[Workflow Suggestions] \". Discussions will be created in category \"agentic workflows\"."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_discussion": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
                   "body": {
-                    "description": "Discussion content in Markdown. Do NOT repeat the title as a heading since it already appears as the discussion's h1. Include all relevant context, findings, or questions.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 64
                   },
                   "category": {
-                    "description": "Discussion category by name (e.g., 'General'), slug (e.g., 'general'), or ID. If omitted, uses the first available category. Category must exist in the repository.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "title": {
-                    "description": "Concise discussion title summarizing the topic. The title appears as the main heading, so keep it brief and descriptive.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "title",
-                  "body"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "create_discussion"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that a tool or capability needed to complete the task is not available, or share any information you deem important about missing functionality or limitations. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because the required functionality is missing or access is restricted.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
                   "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this tool is needed or what information you want to share about the limitation (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  },
-                  "tool": {
-                    "description": "Optional: Name or description of the missing tool or capability (max 128 characters). Be specific about what functionality is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "reason"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "missing_tool"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Log a transparency message when no significant actions are needed. Use this to confirm workflow completion and provide visibility when analysis is complete but no changes or outputs are required (e.g., 'No issues found', 'All checks passed'). This ensures the workflow produces human-visible output even when no other actions are taken.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "message": {
-                    "description": "Status or completion message to log. Should explain what was analyzed and the outcome (e.g., 'Code review complete - no issues found', 'Analysis complete - all tests passing').",
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": [
-                  "message"
-                ],
-                "type": "object"
-              },
-              "name": "noop"
-            },
-            {
-              "description": "Report that data or information needed to complete the task is not available. Use this when you cannot accomplish what was requested because required data, context, or information is missing.",
-              "inputSchema": {
-                "additionalProperties": false,
-                "properties": {
-                  "alternatives": {
-                    "description": "Any workarounds, manual steps, or alternative approaches the user could take (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "context": {
-                    "description": "Additional context about the missing data or where it should come from (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   },
                   "data_type": {
-                    "description": "Type or description of the missing data or information (max 128 characters). Be specific about what data is needed.",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
                   },
                   "reason": {
-                    "description": "Explanation of why this data is needed to complete the task (max 256 characters).",
-                    "type": "string"
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
                   }
-                },
-                "required": [],
-                "type": "object"
+                }
               },
-              "name": "missing_data"
-            }
-          ]
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_EOF
-          cat > /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/validation.json << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF'
-          {
-            "create_discussion": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "body": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
-                },
-                "category": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
-                },
-                "repo": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "title": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "missing_tool": {
-              "defaultMax": 20,
-              "fields": {
-                "alternatives": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 512
-                },
-                "reason": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 256
-                },
-                "tool": {
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 128
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
                 }
-              }
-            },
-            "noop": {
-              "defaultMax": 1,
-              "fields": {
-                "message": {
-                  "required": true,
-                  "type": "string",
-                  "sanitize": true,
-                  "maxLength": 65000
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
                 }
               }
             }
-          }
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_VALIDATION_EOF
-      - name: Generate Safe Outputs MCP Server Config
-        id: safe-outputs-config
-        run: |
-          # Generate a secure random API key (360 bits of entropy, 40+ chars)
-          # Mask immediately to prevent timing vulnerabilities
-          API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
-          echo "::add-mask::${API_KEY}"
-          
-          PORT=3001
-          
-          # Set outputs for next steps
-          {
-            echo "safe_outputs_api_key=${API_KEY}"
-            echo "safe_outputs_port=${PORT}"
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          
-          echo "Safe Outputs MCP server will run on port ${PORT}"
-          
-      - name: Start Safe Outputs MCP HTTP Server
-        id: safe-outputs-start
-        env:
-          DEBUG: '*'
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_port }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-config.outputs.safe_outputs_api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: /opt/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json
-          GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
-        run: |
-          # Environment variables are set above to prevent template injection
-          export DEBUG
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH
-          export GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH
-          export GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR
-          
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_safe_outputs_server.sh
-          
-      - name: Start MCP gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
         id: start-mcp-gateway
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.api_key }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT: ${{ steps.safe-outputs-start.outputs.port }}
-          GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.lockdown == 'true' && '1' || '0' }}
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
           GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-config
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
           
           # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="80"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
           echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
           export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
           export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
           mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
           export DEBUG="*"
           
           export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
-          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.1.4'
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
           
-          mkdir -p /home/runner/.copilot
-          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF | bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.sh
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
           {
             "mcpServers": {
               "github": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v0.30.3",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
                 "env": {
-                  "GITHUB_LOCKDOWN_MODE": "$GITHUB_MCP_LOCKDOWN",
-                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
                   "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
                   "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
                 }
               },
               "safeoutputs": {
-                "type": "http",
-                "url": "http://host.docker.internal:$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_PORT",
-                "headers": {
-                  "Authorization": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_API_KEY}"
-                }
-              },
-              "serena": {
                 "type": "stdio",
-                "container": "ghcr.io/github/serena-mcp-server:latest",
-                "args": ["--network", "host"],
-                "entrypoint": "serena",
-                "entrypointArgs": ["start-mcp-server", "--context", "codex", "--project", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
-                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw"]
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
               }
             },
             "gateway": {
@@ -463,195 +752,113 @@ jobs:
               "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
             }
           }
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_EOF
-      - name: Generate workflow overview
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { generateWorkflowOverview } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/generate_workflow_overview.cjs');
-            await generateWorkflowOverview(core);
-      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat "/opt/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md" >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          <safe-outputs>
-          <description>GitHub API Access Instructions</description>
-          <important>
-          The gh CLI is NOT authenticated. Do NOT use gh commands for GitHub operations.
-          </important>
-          <instructions>
-          To create or modify GitHub resources (issues, discussions, pull requests, etc.), you MUST call the appropriate safe output tool. Simply writing content will NOT work - the workflow requires actual tool calls.
-          
-          Discover available tools from the safeoutputs MCP server.
-          
-          **Critical**: Tool calls write structured data that downstream jobs process. Without tool calls, follow-up actions will be skipped.
-          
-          **Note**: If you made no other safe output tool calls during this workflow execution, call the "noop" tool to provide a status message indicating completion or that no actions were needed.
-          </instructions>
-          </safe-outputs>
-          <github-context>
-          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__ }}
-          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__ }}
-          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__ }}
-          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__ }}
-          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__ }}
-          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          {{#if __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__ }}
-          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
-          {{/if}}
-          </github-context>
-          
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          </system>
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
-          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md}}
-          GH_AW_PROMPT_EOF
-      - name: Substitute placeholders
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
-          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: ${{ github.event.comment.id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.discussion.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const substitutePlaceholders = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
-            
-            // Call the substitution function
-            return await substitutePlaceholders({
-              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
-              substitutions: {
-                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
-                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_COMMENT_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_DISCUSSION_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_ISSUE_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_EVENT_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW,
-                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-              }
-            });
-      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
             setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh
-      - name: Print prompt
-        env:
-          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh
-      - name: Clean git credentials
-        run: bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
         id: agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
         timeout-minutes: 30
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          sudo -E awf --env-all --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --allow-domains api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --enable-host-access --image-tag 0.16.1 --skip-pull \
-            -- '/usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"${GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT"}' \
-            2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG: /home/runner/.copilot/mcp-config.json
-          GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 30
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
       - name: Configure Git credentials
         env:
-          REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
-          SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
-        run: |
-          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          # Re-authenticate git with GitHub token
-          SERVER_URL_STRIPPED="${SERVER_URL#https://}"
-          git remote set-url origin "https://x-access-token:${{ github.token }}@${SERVER_URL_STRIPPED}/${REPO_NAME}.git"
-          echo "Git configured with standard GitHub Actions identity"
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
       - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          # Copy Copilot session state files to logs folder for artifact collection
-          # This ensures they are in /tmp/gh-aw/ where secret redaction can scan them
-          SESSION_STATE_DIR="$HOME/.copilot/session-state"
-          LOGS_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs"
-          
-          if [ -d "$SESSION_STATE_DIR" ]; then
-            echo "Copying Copilot session state files from $SESSION_STATE_DIR to $LOGS_DIR"
-            mkdir -p "$LOGS_DIR"
-            cp -v "$SESSION_STATE_DIR"/*.jsonl "$LOGS_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-            echo "Session state files copied successfully"
-          else
-            echo "No session-state directory found at $SESSION_STATE_DIR"
-          fi
-      - name: Stop MCP gateway
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
         env:
@@ -659,15 +866,15 @@ jobs:
           MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
           GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
         run: |
-          bash /opt/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh "$GATEWAY_PID"
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
       - name: Redact secrets in logs
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
             await main();
         env:
           GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
@@ -675,61 +882,51 @@ jobs:
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Upload Safe Outputs
+      - name: Append agent step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: safe-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Ingest agent output
         id: collect_output
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ env.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
-          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com"
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
           GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
           GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Upload sanitized agent output
-        if: always() && env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-      - name: Upload engine output files
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent_outputs
-          path: |
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
       - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Parse MCP gateway logs for step summary
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Print firewall logs
         if: always()
@@ -737,29 +934,83 @@ jobs:
         env:
           AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
         run: |
-          # Fix permissions on firewall logs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
           # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
-          sudo chmod -R a+r /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs 2>/dev/null || true
-          awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
       - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         if: always()
         with:
           name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
       - name: Upload agent artifacts
         if: always()
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
+          name: agent
           path: |
             /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
-            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
             /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
-            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
             /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
           if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   conclusion:
@@ -769,288 +1020,646 @@ jobs:
       - detection
       - safe_outputs
       - update_cache_memory
-    if: (always()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       discussions: write
       issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-workflow-suggestion-agent"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
       noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
       tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
       total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Process No-Op Messages
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-workflowsuggestionagent-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-workflowsuggestionagent-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-workflowsuggestionagent-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
         id: noop
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: 1
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "workflow-suggestion-agent"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/noop.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Record Missing Tool
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
         id: missing_tool
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
             await main();
-      - name: Handle Agent Failure
-        id: handle_agent_failure
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md"
           GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
           GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
           GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "workflow-suggestion-agent"
-          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
           GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
           GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERRORS: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
           GH_AW_CREATE_DISCUSSION_ERROR_COUNT: ${{ needs.safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "30"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Handle No-Op Message
-        id: handle_noop_message
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
-          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "true"
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
-            await main();
-      - name: Update reaction comment with completion status
-        id: conclusion
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
-        env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
-          GH_AW_COMMENT_REPO: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_repo }}
-          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
-          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
-          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.result }}
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/notify_comment_error.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
             await main();
 
   detection:
-    needs: agent
-    if: needs.agent.outputs.output_types != '' || needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: {}
-    concurrency:
-      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
     outputs:
-      success: ${{ steps.parse_results.outputs.success }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
-      - name: Download agent artifacts
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-artifacts
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Download agent output artifact
-        continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
-      - name: Echo agent output types
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
         env:
-          AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          echo "Agent output-types: $AGENT_OUTPUT_TYPES"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
       - name: Setup threat detection
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
-          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Daily agent that suggests which agentic workflow agents should be added to the Z3 repository"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Weekly agent that suggests which agentic workflow agents should be added to the Z3 repository"
           HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
         run: |
           mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
           touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
-      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
-        id: validate-secret
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
-        env:
-          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
       - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
-        run: /opt/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh 0.0.407
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
       - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
-        id: agentic_execution
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
         # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
-        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
-        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
-        # --allow-tool shell(head)
-        # --allow-tool shell(jq)
-        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
-        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
-        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
         timeout-minutes: 20
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION="$(cat /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt)"
-          mkdir -p /tmp/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
-          copilot --add-dir /tmp/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/agent/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --allow-tool 'shell(cat)' --allow-tool 'shell(grep)' --allow-tool 'shell(head)' --allow-tool 'shell(jq)' --allow-tool 'shell(ls)' --allow-tool 'shell(tail)' --allow-tool 'shell(wc)' --share /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/conversation.md --prompt "$COPILOT_CLI_INSTRUCTION"${GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT:+ --model "$GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT"} 2>&1 | tee /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
         env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
           COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
           COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || '' }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
           GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
           GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
           GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: ${{ env.GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
           GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: /home/runner
-      - name: Parse threat detection results
-        id: parse_results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
         with:
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
             await main();
       - name: Upload threat detection log
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: threat-detection.log
+          name: detection
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
           if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
 
   safe_outputs:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: ((!cancelled()) && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped')) && (needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true')
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: read
       discussions: write
       issues: write
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/workflow-suggestion-agent"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
       GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "workflow-suggestion-agent"
       GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md"
     outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
       create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
       create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
       process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
       process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: agent-output
-          path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
       - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
         run: |
-          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
-          find "/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/" -type f -print
-          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Process Safe Outputs
         id: process_safe_outputs
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
-          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ env.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
-          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Workflow Suggestions] \"},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{}}"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,github.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_discussion\":{\"category\":\"agentic workflows\",\"close_older_discussions\":true,\"expires\":168,\"fallback_to_issue\":true,\"max\":1,\"title_prefix\":\"[Workflow Suggestions] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |
-            const { setupGlobals } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
-            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
-            const { main } = require('/opt/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
             await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
 
   update_cache_memory:
     needs:
+      - activation
       - agent
       - detection
-    if: always() && needs.detection.outputs.success == 'true'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: workflowsuggestionagent
     steps:
       - name: Setup Scripts
-        uses: github/gh-aw/actions/setup@8b790ca92a8884583608b0d5b45cefc143b58e35 # v0.43.15
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
         with:
-          destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "Workflow Suggestion Agent"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
       - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         continue-on-error: true
         with:
           name: cache-memory
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
       - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
-        uses: actions/cache/save@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
-          key: memory-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md b/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md
index 809ea278f0..1990ba95f1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md
+++ b/.github/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ---
-description: Daily agent that suggests which agentic workflow agents should be added to the Z3 repository
+description: Weekly agent that suggests which agentic workflow agents should be added to the Z3 repository
 
 on:
-  schedule: daily
+  schedule: weekly
 
 timeout-minutes: 30
 
@@ -12,22 +12,25 @@ network: defaults
 
 tools:
   cache-memory: true
-  serena: ["python", "java", "csharp"]
   github:
     toolsets: [default]
   bash: [":*"]
-  glob: {}
 
 safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
   create-discussion:
     title-prefix: "[Workflow Suggestions] "
     category: "Agentic Workflows"
     close-older-discussions: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
   github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
 steps:
   - name: Checkout repository
-    uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      persist-credentials: false
 
 ---
 
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ If a very recent discussion exists:
 
 Create a GitHub Discussion with:
 
-**Title:** "[Workflow Suggestions] Daily Report - [Date]"
+**Title:** "[Workflow Suggestions] Weekly Report - [Date]"
 
 **Content Structure:**
 - **Executive Summary:** Number of suggestions, priority breakdown
diff --git a/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4784de574c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1693 @@
+# gh-aw-metadata: {"schema_version":"v4","frontmatter_hash":"c6b62191efdd0d5825930d7812d694eacc699a27a1cf91f03bee4416d314bf7d","body_hash":"8d42996a836cf572c7768349b6475e3d79f2631d070a31d31ac4f7522d617e33","compiler_version":"v0.81.6","strict":true,"agent_id":"copilot","engine_versions":{"copilot":"1.0.65"}}
+# gh-aw-manifest: {"version":1,"secrets":["COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN","GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN","GITHUB_TOKEN"],"actions":[{"repo":"actions/cache/restore","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/cache/save","sha":"27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae","version":"v5.0.5"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0","version":"v7.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/checkout","sha":"de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd","version":"v6.0.2"},{"repo":"actions/download-artifact","sha":"3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c","version":"v8.0.1"},{"repo":"actions/github-script","sha":"3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3","version":"v9.0.0"},{"repo":"actions/setup-node","sha":"48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e","version":"v6.4.0"},{"repo":"actions/upload-artifact","sha":"043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a","version":"v7.0.1"},{"repo":"github/gh-aw-actions/setup","sha":"v0.81.6","version":"v0.81.6"}],"containers":[{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11","digest":"sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30","digest":"sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node","digest":"sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b"},{"image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0","digest":"sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036","pinned_image":"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036"}]}
+# This file was automatically generated by gh-aw (v0.81.6). DO NOT EDIT. To debug this workflow, load the skill at https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/debug.md
+#
+#    ___                   _   _      
+#   / _ \                 | | (_)     
+#  | |_| | __ _  ___ _ __ | |_ _  ___ 
+#  |  _  |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ \| __| |/ __|
+#  | | | | (_| |  __/ | | | |_| | (__ 
+#  \_| |_/\__, |\___|_| |_|\__|_|\___|
+#          __/ |
+#  _    _ |___/ 
+# | |  | |                / _| |
+# | |  | | ___ _ __ _  __| |_| | _____      ____
+# | |/\| |/ _ \ '__| |/ /|  _| |/ _ \ \ /\ / / ___|
+# \  /\  / (_) | | | | ( | | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
+#  \/  \/ \___/|_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
+#
+#
+# To update this file, edit the corresponding .md file and run:
+#   gh aw compile
+# Not all edits will cause changes to this file.
+#
+# For more information: https://github.github.com/gh-aw/introduction/overview/
+#
+# Reviews Z3 string/sequence graph implementation (euf_sgraph, euf_seq_plugin, src/smt/seq) by comparing with the ZIPT reference implementation and reporting improvements as git diffs in GitHub issues
+#
+# Secrets used:
+#   - COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN
+#   - GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN
+#   - GITHUB_TOKEN
+#
+# Custom actions used:
+#   - actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+#   - actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+#   - actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+#   - actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+#   - actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+#   - actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+#   - actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+#   - github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+#
+# Container images used:
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be
+#   - ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b
+#   - ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+
+name: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 0,6,12,18 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      aw_context:
+        default: ""
+        description: "Agent caller context (used internally by Agentic Workflows)."
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "gh-aw-${{ github.workflow }}"
+
+run-name: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+
+jobs:
+  activation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      comment_id: ""
+      comment_repo: ""
+      daily_ai_credits_exceeded: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_threshold: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold || '' }}
+      daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens: ${{ steps.daily-effective-workflow-guardrail.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens || '' }}
+      engine_id: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.engine_id }}
+      lockdown_check_failed: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' }}
+      model: ${{ steps.generate_aw_info.outputs.model }}
+      secret_verification_result: ${{ steps.validate-secret.outputs.verification_result }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      stale_lock_file_failed: ${{ steps.check-lock-file.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          safe-output-artifact-client: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Generate agentic run info
+        id: generate_aw_info
+        env:
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_NAME: "GitHub Copilot CLI"
+          GH_AW_INFO_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AGENT_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_CLI_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+          GH_AW_INFO_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_INFO_EXPERIMENTAL: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_SUPPORTS_TOOLS_ALLOWLIST: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_STAGED: "false"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: '["defaults","github"]'
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWMG_VERSION: ""
+          GH_AW_INFO_FIREWALL_TYPE: "squid"
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_STRICT: "true"
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_aw_info.cjs');
+            await main(core, context);
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-ziptcodereviewer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-ziptcodereviewer-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache (artifact fallback)
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-fallback
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+          GH_AW_RESTORE_DAILY_AIC_CACHE_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ steps.restore-daily-aic-cache.outputs.cache-matched-key }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/restore_aic_usage_cache_fallback.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check daily workflow token guardrail
+        id: daily-effective-workflow-guardrail
+        if: ${{ env.GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS != '' }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "zipt-code-reviewer"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_DISPATCH_AW_CONTEXT: ${{ github.event.inputs.aw_context || '' }}
+          GH_AW_HAS_SLASH_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_HAS_LABEL_COMMAND: "false"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_DAILY_AI_CREDITS || '5000' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_daily_aic_workflow_guardrail.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Validate COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN secret
+        id: validate-secret
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_multi_secret.sh" COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN 'GitHub Copilot CLI' https://github.github.com/gh-aw/reference/engines/#github-copilot-default
+        env:
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Checkout .github and .agents folders
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            .agents
+            .antigravity
+            .claude
+            .codex
+            .crush
+            .gemini
+            .opencode
+            .pi
+          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Save agent config folders for base branch restoration
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/save_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Check workflow lock file
+        id: check-lock-file
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_FILE: "zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml"
+          GH_AW_CONTEXT_WORKFLOW_REF: "${{ github.workflow_ref }}"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_workflow_timestamp_api.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Check compile-agentic version
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_COMPILED_VERSION: "v0.81.6"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/check_version_updates.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log runtime features
+        if: ${{ contains(toJSON(vars), '"GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES":') }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/log_runtime_features_summary.sh"
+      - name: Create prompt with built-in context
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_prompt_first.sh"
+          {
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_b225e3779bc1701a_EOF'
+          <system>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_b225e3779bc1701a_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/xpia.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/temp_folder_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/markdown.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/cache_memory_prompt.md"
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/safe_outputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_b225e3779bc1701a_EOF'
+          <safe-output-tools>
+          Tools: create_issue(max:3), missing_tool, missing_data, noop
+          </safe-output-tools>
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_b225e3779bc1701a_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/mcp_cli_tools_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_b225e3779bc1701a_EOF'
+          <github-context>
+          The following GitHub context information is available for this workflow:
+          {{#if github.actor}}
+          - **actor**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.repository}}
+          - **repository**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.workspace}}
+          - **workspace**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.issue.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'issue' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **issue-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.discussion.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'discussion' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **discussion-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.pull_request.number || (github.aw.context.item_type == 'pull_request' && github.aw.context.item_number)}}
+          - **pull-request-number**: #__GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.event.comment.id || github.aw.context.comment_id}}
+          - **comment-id**: __GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE__
+          {{/if}}
+          {{#if github.run_id}}
+          - **workflow-run-id**: __GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID__
+          {{/if}}
+          </github-context>
+          
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_b225e3779bc1701a_EOF
+          cat "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/prompts/github_mcp_tools_with_safeoutputs_prompt.md"
+          cat << 'GH_AW_PROMPT_b225e3779bc1701a_EOF'
+          </system>
+          {{#runtime-import .github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md}}
+          GH_AW_PROMPT_b225e3779bc1701a_EOF
+          } > "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+      - name: Interpolate variables and render templates
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/interpolate_prompt.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Substitute placeholders
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: ''
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: '/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/'
+          GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: ${{ github.event.discussion.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'discussion' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: ${{ github.event.issue.number || (fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'issue' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').item_number) }}
+          GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: ${{ github.event.comment.id || fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || github.event.client_payload.aw_context || '{}').comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: ${{ github.actor }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: '- `safeoutputs` — run `safeoutputs --help` to see available tools'
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            
+            const substitutePlaceholders = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/substitute_placeholders.cjs');
+            
+            // Call the substitution function
+            return await substitutePlaceholders({
+              file: process.env.GH_AW_PROMPT,
+              substitutions: {
+                GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS: process.env.GH_AW_ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DESCRIPTION,
+                GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: process.env.GH_AW_CACHE_DIR,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_1A3A194A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_463A214A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_802A9F6A,
+                GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE: process.env.GH_AW_EXPR_FF1D34CE,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_ACTOR,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_REPOSITORY,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_RUN_ID,
+                GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE: process.env.GH_AW_GITHUB_WORKSPACE,
+                GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST: process.env.GH_AW_MCP_CLI_SERVERS_LIST
+              }
+            });
+      - name: Validate prompt placeholders
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/validate_prompt_placeholders.sh"
+      - name: Print prompt
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        # poutine:ignore untrusted_checkout_exec
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/print_prompt_summary.sh"
+      - name: Upload activation artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/models.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-template.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt-import-tree.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/base
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/agents
+            /tmp/gh-aw/.github/skills
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  agent:
+    needs: activation
+    if: needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded != 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: read-all
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-copilot-${{ github.workflow }}"
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH: ""
+      GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB: 0
+      GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: ziptcodereviewer
+    outputs:
+      agentic_engine_timeout: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout || 'false' }}
+      ai_credits_rate_limit_error: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.aic }}
+      ambient_context: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-hit || 'false' }}
+      cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key: ${{ steps.restore_cache_memory_0.outputs.cache-matched-key || '' }}
+      checkout_pr_success: ${{ steps.checkout-pr.outputs.checkout_pr_success || 'true' }}
+      effective_tokens: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      has_patch: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.has_patch }}
+      inference_access_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.inference_access_error || 'false' }}
+      mcp_policy_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.mcp_policy_error || 'false' }}
+      model: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.model }}
+      model_not_supported_error: ${{ steps.detect-agent-errors.outputs.model_not_supported_error || 'false' }}
+      output: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output }}
+      output_types: ${{ steps.collect_output.outputs.output_types }}
+      setup-parent-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.parent-span-id || steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-span-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.span-id }}
+      setup-trace-id: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.trace-id }}
+      unknown_model_ai_credits: ${{ steps.parse-mcp-gateway.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Set runtime paths
+        id: set-runtime-paths
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/outputs.jsonl"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json"
+            echo "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH=${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/tools.json"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_gh_aw_tmp_dir.sh"
+      - name: Configure gh CLI for GitHub Enterprise
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_gh_for_ghe.sh"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      # Cache memory file share configuration from frontmatter processed below
+      - name: Create cache-memory directory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/create_cache_memory_dir.sh"
+      - name: Restore cache-memory file share data
+        id: restore_cache_memory_0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          restore-keys: |
+            memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-
+      - name: Setup cache-memory git repository
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+          GH_AW_MIN_INTEGRITY: none
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/setup_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        id: checkout-pr
+        if: |
+          github.event.pull_request || github.event.issue.pull_request || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && fromJSON(github.event.inputs.aw_context || '{}').item_type == 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/checkout_pr_branch.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Determine automatic lockdown mode for GitHub MCP Server
+        id: determine-automatic-lockdown
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0 (source v9)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const determineAutomaticLockdown = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/determine_automatic_lockdown.cjs');
+            await determineAutomaticLockdown(github, context, core);
+      - name: Download activation artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: activation
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw
+      - name: Restore agent config folders from base branch
+        if: steps.checkout-pr.outcome == 'success'
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FOLDERS: ".agents .antigravity .claude .codex .crush .gemini .github .opencode .pi"
+          GH_AW_AGENT_FILES: ".crush.json AGENTS.md ANTIGRAVITY.md CLAUDE.md GEMINI.md PI.md opencode.jsonc"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_base_github_folders.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline sub-agents from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_DIR: ".github/agents"
+          GH_AW_SUB_AGENT_EXT: ".agent.md"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_sub_agents.sh"
+      - name: Restore inline skills from activation artifact
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SKILL_DIR: ".github/skills"
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/restore_inline_skills.sh"
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30@sha256:35625d1a2269b1238606078c879f59a91cffc4ac33eb54bf39c6418822c1a8be ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node@sha256:529d02eb970b1161aa25c593a9c3df57fdfad5a8add328cb3b6eccef66f3183b ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0@sha256:2afb26356481d1a350e14544a6e160f7f7ec1561a1ea309b823665abf0309036
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Config
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs"
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/safeoutputs
+          cat > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/config.json" << 'GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_f579d8ba423d2ca7_EOF'
+          {"create_issue":{"labels":["code-quality","automated","string-solver"],"max":3,"title_prefix":"[zipt-review] "},"create_report_incomplete_issue":{},"missing_data":{},"missing_tool":{},"noop":{"max":1,"report-as-issue":"false"},"report_incomplete":{}}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_f579d8ba423d2ca7_EOF
+      - name: Generate Safe Outputs Tools
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOOLS_META_JSON: |
+            {
+              "description_suffixes": {
+                "create_issue": " CONSTRAINTS: Maximum 3 issue(s) can be created. Title will be prefixed with \"[zipt-review] \". Labels [\"code-quality\" \"automated\" \"string-solver\"] will be automatically added."
+              },
+              "repo_params": {},
+              "dynamic_tools": []
+            }
+          GH_AW_VALIDATION_JSON: |
+            {
+              "create_issue": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "body": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000,
+                    "minLength": 20
+                  },
+                  "fields": {
+                    "type": "array"
+                  },
+                  "labels": {
+                    "type": "array",
+                    "itemType": "string",
+                    "itemSanitize": true,
+                    "itemMaxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "parent": {
+                    "issueOrPRNumber": true
+                  },
+                  "repo": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "temporary_id": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "title": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_data": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "context": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "data_type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "missing_tool": {
+                "defaultMax": 20,
+                "fields": {
+                  "alternatives": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 512
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 256
+                  },
+                  "tool": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 128
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "noop": {
+                "defaultMax": 1,
+                "fields": {
+                  "message": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "report_incomplete": {
+                "defaultMax": 5,
+                "fields": {
+                  "details": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 65000
+                  },
+                  "reason": {
+                    "required": true,
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "sanitize": true,
+                    "maxLength": 1024
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_safe_outputs_tools.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Start MCP Gateway
+        id: start-mcp-gateway
+        env:
+          GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST: ${{ vars.GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST || 'true' }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.min_integrity }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS: ${{ steps.determine-automatic-lockdown.outputs.repos }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -eo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config"
+          
+          # Export gateway environment variables for MCP config and gateway script
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PORT="8080"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN="host.docker.internal"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_HOST_DOMAIN="localhost"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 45 | tr -d '/+=')
+          echo "::add-mask::${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR="/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads"
+          mkdir -p "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD="524288"
+          export DEBUG="*"
+          
+          export GH_AW_ENGINE="copilot"
+          MCP_GATEWAY_UID=$(id -u 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          MCP_GATEWAY_GID=$(id -g 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          case "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" in
+            unix://* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="${DOCKER_HOST#unix://}" ;;
+            /* ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH="$DOCKER_HOST" ;;
+            * ) DOCKER_SOCK_PATH=/var/run/docker.sock ;;
+          esac
+          DOCKER_SOCK_GID=$(stat -c '%g' "$DOCKER_SOCK_PATH" 2>/dev/null || echo '0')
+          export MCP_GATEWAY_DOCKER_COMMAND='docker run -i --rm --network host --name awmg-mcpg --add-host host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1 --user '"${MCP_GATEWAY_UID}"':'"${MCP_GATEWAY_GID}"' --group-add '"${DOCKER_SOCK_GID}"' -v '"${DOCKER_SOCK_PATH}"':/var/run/docker.sock -e MCP_GATEWAY_PORT -e MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN -e MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR -e MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE_THRESHOLD -e DOCKER_HOST=unix:///var/run/docker.sock -e DEBUG -e MCP_GATEWAY_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH -e GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH -e GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST -e GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH -e GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB -e GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS -e DEFAULT_BRANCH -e GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY -e GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS -e GITHUB_REPOSITORY -e GITHUB_SERVER_URL -e GITHUB_SHA -e GITHUB_WORKSPACE -e GITHUB_TOKEN -e GITHUB_RUN_ID -e GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER -e GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT -e GITHUB_JOB -e GITHUB_ACTION -e GITHUB_EVENT_NAME -e GITHUB_EVENT_PATH -e GITHUB_ACTOR -e GITHUB_ACTOR_ID -e GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF -e GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA -e GITHUB_REF -e GITHUB_REF_NAME -e GITHUB_REF_TYPE -e GITHUB_HEAD_REF -e GITHUB_BASE_REF -e RUNNER_TEMP -v /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:/tmp/gh-aw/mcp-payloads:rw -v /opt:/opt:ro -v /tmp:/tmp:rw -v '"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':'"${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"':rw -v '"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:'"${RUNNER_TEMP}"'/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-mcpg:v0.3.30'
+          
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          GH_AW_NODE=$(which node 2>/dev/null || command -v node 2>/dev/null || echo node)
+          cat << GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF | "$GH_AW_NODE" "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/start_mcp_gateway.cjs"
+          {
+            "mcpServers": {
+              "github": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server:v1.4.0",
+                "env": {
+                  "GITHUB_HOST": "${GITHUB_SERVER_URL}",
+                  "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_READ_ONLY": "1",
+                  "GITHUB_TOOLSETS": "context,repos,issues,pull_requests"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "allow-only": {
+                    "min-integrity": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_MIN_INTEGRITY",
+                    "repos": "$GITHUB_MCP_GUARD_REPOS"
+                  }
+                }
+              },
+              "safeoutputs": {
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "container": "ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-node",
+                "mounts": ["\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}:rw", "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs:rw", "/tmp/gh-aw:/tmp/gh-aw:rw"],
+                "args": ["-w", "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"],
+                "entrypoint": "sh",
+                "entrypointArgs": ["-c", "sh ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/safeoutputs/start_safe_outputs_mcp.sh"],
+                "env": {
+                  "DEBUG": "*",
+                  "DEFAULT_BRANCH": "\${DEFAULT_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_ALLOWED_EXTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_BRANCH}",
+                  "GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB": "\${GH_AW_ASSETS_MAX_SIZE_KB}",
+                  "GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR": "\${GH_AW_MCP_LOG_DIR}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_CONFIG_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH": "\${GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_TOOLS_PATH}",
+                  "GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST": "\${GH_AW_POLICY_ALLOW_CREATE_PULL_REQUEST}",
+                  "GITHUB_REPOSITORY": "\${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}",
+                  "GITHUB_TOKEN": "\${GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+                  "GITHUB_WORKSPACE": "\${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}",
+                  "RUNNER_TEMP": "\${RUNNER_TEMP}"
+                },
+                "guard-policies": {
+                  "write-sink": {
+                    "accept": [
+                      "*"
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "gateway": {
+              "port": $MCP_GATEWAY_PORT,
+              "domain": "${MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN}",
+              "apiKey": "${MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY}",
+              "payloadDir": "${MCP_GATEWAY_PAYLOAD_DIR}"
+            }
+          }
+          GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG_f014db59cae17bc3_EOF
+      - name: Mount MCP servers as CLIs
+        id: mount-mcp-clis
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_DOMAIN: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-domain }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/mount_mcp_as_cli.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Clean credentials
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/clean_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Audit pre-agent workspace
+        id: pre_agent_audit
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/audit_pre_agent_workspace.sh"
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        id: agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        # --allow-tool github
+        # --allow-tool safeoutputs
+        # --allow-tool shell(cat)
+        # --allow-tool shell(clang-format:*)
+        # --allow-tool shell(date)
+        # --allow-tool shell(echo)
+        # --allow-tool shell(git diff:*)
+        # --allow-tool shell(git log:*)
+        # --allow-tool shell(git show:*)
+        # --allow-tool shell(git status)
+        # --allow-tool shell(grep)
+        # --allow-tool shell(head)
+        # --allow-tool shell(ls)
+        # --allow-tool shell(printf)
+        # --allow-tool shell(pwd)
+        # --allow-tool shell(safeoutputs:*)
+        # --allow-tool shell(sort)
+        # --allow-tool shell(tail)
+        # --allow-tool shell(uniq)
+        # --allow-tool shell(wc)
+        # --allow-tool shell(yq)
+        # --allow-tool web_fetch
+        # --allow-tool write
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          export GH_AW_MCP_CONFIG="$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-1000}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"*.githubusercontent.com\",\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.snapcraft.io\",\"archive.ubuntu.com\",\"azure.archive.ubuntu.com\",\"codeload.github.com\",\"crl.geotrust.com\",\"crl.globalsign.com\",\"crl.identrust.com\",\"crl.sectigo.com\",\"crl.thawte.com\",\"crl.usertrust.com\",\"crl.verisign.com\",\"crl3.digicert.com\",\"crl4.digicert.com\",\"crls.ssl.com\",\"docs.github.com\",\"github-cloud.githubusercontent.com\",\"github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com\",\"github.blog\",\"github.com\",\"github.githubassets.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"json-schema.org\",\"json.schemastore.org\",\"keyserver.ubuntu.com\",\"lfs.github.com\",\"objects.githubusercontent.com\",\"ocsp.digicert.com\",\"ocsp.geotrust.com\",\"ocsp.globalsign.com\",\"ocsp.identrust.com\",\"ocsp.sectigo.com\",\"ocsp.ssl.com\",\"ocsp.thawte.com\",\"ocsp.usertrust.com\",\"ocsp.verisign.com\",\"packagecloud.io\",\"packages.cloud.google.com\",\"packages.microsoft.com\",\"patch-diff.githubusercontent.com\",\"ppa.launchpad.net\",\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"s.symcb.com\",\"s.symcd.com\",\"security.ubuntu.com\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"ts-crl.ws.symantec.com\",\"ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com\",\"www.googleapis.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5,\"models\":{\"agent\":[\"sonnet-6x\",\"gpt-5.5\",\"gpt-5.4\",\"gpt-5.3\",\"gemini-pro\",\"any\"],\"antigravity\":[\"copilot/antigravity*\",\"google/antigravity*\",\"gemini/antigravity*\"],\"any\":[\"copilot/*\",\"anthropic/*\",\"openai/*\",\"google/*\",\"gemini/*\"],\"claude\":[\"agent\"],\"codex\":[\"agent\"],\"coding\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\",\"gpt-5-codex\"],\"computer-use\":[\"copilot/*computer-use*\",\"google/*computer-use*\",\"gemini/*computer-use*\",\"openai/*computer-use*\"],\"copilot\":[\"agent\"],\"deep-research\":[\"copilot/deep-research*\",\"copilot/o3-deep-research*\",\"copilot/o4-mini-deep-research*\",\"google/deep-research*\",\"gemini/deep-research*\",\"openai/o3-deep-research*\",\"openai/o4-mini-deep-research*\"],\"gemini\":[\"agent\"],\"gemini-3-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*flash*\"],\"gemini-3-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3*pro*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/gemini-3*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.1-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*flash*\"],\"gemini-3.1-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"google/gemini-3.1*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.1*pro*\"],\"gemini-3.5-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"google/gemini-3.5*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-3.5*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"],\"gemini-flash-lite\":[\"copilot/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*lite*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*lite*\"],\"gemini-pro\":[\"copilot/gemini-*pro*\",\"google/gemini-*pro*\",\"gemini/gemini-*pro*\"],\"gemma\":[\"copilot/gemma*\",\"google/gemma*\",\"gemini/gemma*\"],\"gpt-5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*\",\"openai/gpt-5*\"],\"gpt-5-codex\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*codex*\",\"openai/gpt-5*codex*\"],\"gpt-5-mini\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*mini*\",\"openai/gpt-5*mini*\"],\"gpt-5-nano\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*nano*\",\"openai/gpt-5*nano*\"],\"gpt-5-pro\":[\"copilot/gpt-5*pro*\",\"openai/gpt-5*pro*\"],\"gpt-5.1\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.1*\",\"openai/gpt-5.1*\"],\"gpt-5.2\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.2*\",\"openai/gpt-5.2*\"],\"gpt-5.3\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.3*\",\"openai/gpt-5.3*\"],\"gpt-5.4\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.4*\",\"openai/gpt-5.4*\"],\"gpt-5.5\":[\"copilot/gpt-5.5*\",\"openai/gpt-5.5*\"],\"haiku\":[\"copilot/*haiku*\",\"anthropic/*haiku*\"],\"image-generation\":[\"copilot/gpt-image*\",\"openai/gpt-image*\",\"openai/chatgpt-image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"google/imagen*\"],\"large\":[\"sonnet\",\"gpt-5-pro\",\"gpt-5\",\"gemini-pro\"],\"mai-code\":[\"copilot/MAI-Code*\",\"copilot/mai-code*\",\"openai/MAI-Code*\"],\"mini\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gpt-5-nano\",\"gemini-flash-lite\"],\"nano-banana\":[\"copilot/nano-banana*\",\"google/nano-banana*\",\"gemini/nano-banana*\"],\"opus\":[\"copilot/*opus*\",\"anthropic/*opus*\"],\"opusplan\":[\"opus?effort=high\"],\"reasoning\":[\"copilot/o1*\",\"copilot/o3*\",\"copilot/o4*\",\"openai/o1*\",\"openai/o3*\",\"openai/o4*\"],\"robotics\":[\"copilot/*robotics*\",\"google/*robotics*\",\"gemini/*robotics*\"],\"small\":[\"mini\"],\"small-agent\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash\"],\"sonnet\":[\"copilot/*sonnet*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet*\"],\"sonnet-6x\":[\"copilot/*sonnet-4.5*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4.6*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-5-*\",\"copilot/*sonnet-4-6*\",\"anthropic/*sonnet-4-6*\"],\"summarization\":[\"haiku\",\"gpt-5-mini\",\"gemini-flash-lite\",\"mini\"],\"vision\":[\"copilot/gemini-*image*\",\"google/gemini-*image*\",\"gemini/gemini-*image*\",\"copilot/gemini-*flash*\",\"google/gemini-*flash*\",\"gemini/gemini-*flash*\"]}},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            GH_AW_CHROOT_BINARIES_SOURCE_PATH=/tmp/gh-aw GH_AW_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME=/tmp/gh-aw/home node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/patch_awf_chroot_config.cjs"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --exclude-env GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN --exclude-env MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; export PATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-cli/bin:$PATH" && : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-tool github --allow-tool safeoutputs --allow-tool '\''shell(cat)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(clang-format:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(date)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(echo)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git diff:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git log:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git show:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(git status)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(grep)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(head)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(ls)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(printf)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(pwd)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(safeoutputs:*)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(sort)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(tail)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(uniq)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(wc)'\'' --allow-tool '\''shell(yq)'\'' --allow-tool web_fetch --allow-tool write --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory/ --allow-all-paths --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_AGENT_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: agent
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 30
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN || secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Detect agent errors
+        if: always()
+        id: detect-agent-errors
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: node "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/detect_agent_errors.cjs"
+      - name: Configure Git credentials
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/configure_git_credentials.sh"
+      - name: Copy Copilot session state files to logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copy_copilot_session_state.sh"
+      - name: Stop MCP Gateway
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          MCP_GATEWAY_PORT: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-port }}
+          MCP_GATEWAY_API_KEY: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-api-key }}
+          GATEWAY_PID: ${{ steps.start-mcp-gateway.outputs.gateway-pid }}
+        run: |
+          bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/stop_mcp_gateway.sh" "$GATEWAY_PID"
+      - name: Redact secrets in logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/redact_secrets.cjs');
+            await main();
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SECRET_NAMES: 'COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN,GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN,GITHUB_TOKEN'
+          SECRET_COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_MCP_SERVER_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SECRET_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Append agent step summary
+        if: always()
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/append_agent_step_summary.sh"
+      - name: Copy Safe Outputs
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw
+          cp "$GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS" /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Ingest agent output
+        id: collect_output
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS: ${{ steps.set-runtime-paths.outputs.GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.githubusercontent.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,codeload.github.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,docs.github.com,github-cloud.githubusercontent.com,github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com,github.blog,github.com,github.githubassets.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,lfs.github.com,objects.githubusercontent.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,patch-diff.githubusercontent.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/collect_ndjson_output.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse agent logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_copilot_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Parse MCP Gateway logs for step summary
+        if: always()
+        id: parse-mcp-gateway
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_mcp_gateway_log.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print firewall logs
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          AWF_LOGS_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+        run: |
+          # Fix permissions on firewall logs/audit dirs so they can be uploaded as artifacts
+          # AWF runs with sudo, creating files owned by root
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall 2>/dev/null || true
+          # Only run awf logs summary if awf command exists (it may not be installed if workflow failed before install step)
+          if command -v awf &> /dev/null; then
+            awf logs summary | tee -a "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          else
+            echo 'AWF binary not installed, skipping firewall log summary'
+          fi
+      - name: Parse token usage for step summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Print AWF reflect summary
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/awf_reflect_summary.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Write agent output placeholder if missing
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json ]; then
+            echo '{"items":[]}' > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+          fi
+      - name: Commit cache-memory changes
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/commit_cache_memory_git.sh"
+      - name: Check cache-memory git integrity
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_AW_CACHE_DIR: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/check_cache_memory_git_integrity.sh"
+      - name: Upload cache-memory data as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Upload agent artifacts
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/redacted-urls.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/mcp-logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent-stdio.log
+            /tmp/gh-aw/pre-agent-audit.txt
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch
+            /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle
+            /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/
+            /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/awf-reflect.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  conclusion:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+      - safe_outputs
+      - update_cache_memory
+    if: >
+      always() && (needs.agent.result != 'skipped' || needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed == 'true' ||
+      needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed == 'true' || needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded == 'true')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: "gh-aw-conclusion-zipt-code-reviewer"
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+      queue: max
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      incomplete_count: ${{ steps.report_incomplete.outputs.incomplete_count }}
+      noop_message: ${{ steps.noop.outputs.noop_message }}
+      tools_reported: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.tools_reported }}
+      total_count: ${{ steps.missing_tool.outputs.total_count }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Collect usage artifact files
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection
+          echo "Usage artifact source file status:"
+          for file in /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl; do
+            [ -f "$file" ] && echo "FOUND: $file" || echo "MISSING: $file"
+          done
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw_info.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-info.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/detection_usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/github_rate_limits.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall-audit-logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/audit/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl ] && cp /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/sandbox/firewall/logs/api-proxy-logs/token-usage.jsonl /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl || true
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+          [ -f /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl ] || : > /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity
+          node ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/generate_usage_activity_summary.cjs
+          find /tmp/gh-aw/usage -type f -print | sort
+      - name: Upload usage artifact
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: usage
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw_info.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/aw-info.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.json
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/github_rate_limits.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/agent/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/detection/token_usage.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/usage/activity/summary.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Restore daily AIC usage cache
+        id: restore-daily-aic-cache-conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-ziptcodereviewer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: agentic-workflow-usage-ziptcodereviewer-
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Write daily AIC usage cache entry
+        id: write-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/write_daily_aic_usage_cache.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Save daily AIC usage cache
+        id: save-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: agentic-workflow-usage-ziptcodereviewer-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+      - name: Upload daily AIC usage cache artifact
+        id: upload-daily-aic-cache
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: aic-usage-cache
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/agentic-workflow-usage-cache.jsonl
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
+      - name: Process no-op messages
+        id: noop
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_MAX: "1"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_NOOP_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "zipt-code-reviewer"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_noop_message.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Log detection run
+        id: detection_runs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_detection_runs.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record missing tool
+        id: missing_tool
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_TITLE_PREFIX: "[missing tool]"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/missing_tool.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Record incomplete
+        id: report_incomplete
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_REPORT_INCOMPLETE_CREATE_ISSUE: "true"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/report_incomplete_handler.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Handle agent failure
+        id: handle_agent_failure
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md"
+          GH_AW_RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          GH_AW_AGENT_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.agent.result }}
+          GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "zipt-code-reviewer"
+          GH_AW_ACTION_FAILURE_ISSUE_EXPIRES_HOURS: "168"
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+          GH_AW_SECRET_VERIFICATION_RESULT: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.secret_verification_result }}
+          GH_AW_CHECKOUT_PR_SUCCESS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.checkout_pr_success }}
+          GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens || '' }}
+          GH_AW_AI_CREDITS_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ai_credits_rate_limit_error || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_UNKNOWN_MODEL_AI_CREDITS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.unknown_model_ai_credits || 'false' }}
+          GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '1000' }}
+          GH_AW_INFERENCE_ACCESS_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.inference_access_error }}
+          GH_AW_MCP_POLICY_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.mcp_policy_error }}
+          GH_AW_AGENTIC_ENGINE_TIMEOUT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.agentic_engine_timeout }}
+          GH_AW_MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model_not_supported_error }}
+          GH_AW_ENGINE_API_HOSTS: "api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+          GH_AW_LOCKDOWN_CHECK_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.lockdown_check_failed }}
+          GH_AW_STALE_LOCK_FILE_FAILED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.stale_lock_file_failed }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_EXCEEDED: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_exceeded }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_TOTAL_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_total_effective_tokens }}
+          GH_AW_DAILY_AI_CREDITS_THRESHOLD: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.daily_ai_credits_threshold }}
+          GH_AW_GROUP_REPORTS: "false"
+          GH_AW_FAILURE_REPORT_AS_ISSUE: "false"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_TOOL_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_MISSING_DATA_REPORT_AS_FAILURE: "true"
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: "30"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_ENABLED: "true"
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_MATCHED_KEY: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_matched_key || '' }}
+          GH_AW_CACHE_MEMORY_RESTORE_0_CACHE_HIT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.cache_memory_restore_0_cache_hit || 'false' }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/handle_agent_failure.cjs');
+            await main();
+
+  detection:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+    if: always() && needs.agent.result != 'skipped'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+    outputs:
+      aic: ${{ steps.parse_detection_token_usage.outputs.aic }}
+      detection_conclusion: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.conclusion }}
+      detection_reason: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.reason }}
+      detection_success: ${{ steps.detection_conclusion.outputs.success }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Checkout repository for patch context
+        if: needs.agent.outputs.has_patch == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # --- Threat Detection ---
+      - name: Clean stale firewall files from agent artifact
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs
+          rm -rf /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit
+      - name: Download container images
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/download_docker_images.sh" ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/agent:0.27.11@sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7 ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/api-proxy:0.27.11@sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d ghcr.io/github/gh-aw-firewall/squid:0.27.11@sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d
+      - name: Check if detection needed
+        id: detection_guard
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          OUTPUT_TYPES: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.output_types }}
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPES" || "$HAS_PATCH" == "true" ]]; then
+            echo "run_detection=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection will run: output_types=$OUTPUT_TYPES, has_patch=$HAS_PATCH"
+          else
+            echo "run_detection=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Detection skipped: no agent outputs or patches to analyze"
+          fi
+      - name: Clear MCP Config for detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          rm -f "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/mcp-config/mcp-servers.json"
+          rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/mcp-config.json"
+          rm -f "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.gemini/settings.json"
+      - name: Prepare threat detection files
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts
+          rm -f /tmp/gh-aw/agent_usage.json
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt 2>/dev/null || true
+          if [ ! -s /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt ]; then
+            echo "::warning::ERR_VALIDATION: Missing or empty detection context prompt at /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Ensure the agent artifact includes /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt. Detection will continue with fallback workflow context."
+          fi
+          cp /tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/agent_output.json 2>/dev/null || true
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.patch; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          for f in /tmp/gh-aw/aw-*.bundle; do
+            [ -f "$f" ] && cp "$f" /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          done
+          echo "Prepared threat detection files:"
+          ls -la /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/ 2>/dev/null || true
+      - name: Setup threat detection
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          WORKFLOW_DESCRIPTION: "Reviews Z3 string/sequence graph implementation (euf_sgraph, euf_seq_plugin, src/smt/seq) by comparing with the ZIPT reference implementation and reporting improvements as git diffs in GitHub issues"
+          HAS_PATCH: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.has_patch }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_threat_detection.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Ensure threat-detection directory and log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          package-manager-cache: false
+      - name: Install GitHub Copilot CLI
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_copilot_cli.sh" 1.0.65
+        env:
+          GH_HOST: github.com
+      - name: Install AWF binary
+        run: bash "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/install_awf_binary.sh" v0.27.11
+      - name: Execute GitHub Copilot CLI
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        continue-on-error: true
+        id: detection_agentic_execution
+        # Copilot CLI tool arguments (sorted):
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          printf '%s' "$(date +%s%3N)" > /tmp/gh-aw/agent_cli_start_ms.txt
+          trap 'rm -f "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.copilot"
+          printf '%s' '{"builtInAgents":{"rubberDuck":false}}' > "$HOME/.copilot/settings.json"
+          export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"
+          touch /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GH_AW_NODE_BIN=$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)
+          export GH_AW_NODE_BIN
+          export COPILOT_API_KEY="$COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK"
+          (umask 177 && touch /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log)
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS="${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS:-400}"
+          printf '%s\n' "{\"\$schema\":\"https://github.com/github/gh-aw-firewall/releases/download/v0.27.11/awf-config.schema.json\",\"network\":{\"allowDomains\":[\"api.business.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.github.com\",\"api.githubcopilot.com\",\"api.individual.githubcopilot.com\",\"github.com\",\"host.docker.internal\",\"registry.npmjs.org\",\"telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com\"]},\"apiProxy\":{\"enabled\":true,\"enableTokenSteering\":true,\"maxRuns\":500,\"maxAiCredits\":${GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS},\"maxCacheMisses\":5},\"container\":{\"imageTag\":\"0.27.11,squid=sha256:ff27ea0525ad953a6adee28a5fbe9d2e22be47dbec755c15767af4ea3f91df7d,agent=sha256:979723c628182da7729333f2208bb249fd25ddee579645cf9a3892d681a929c7,api-proxy=sha256:807e4831999b44513b0a66e5859d478dc4da7ae74ab1918cec967d513f95bf9d\"}}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          cp "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" /tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json
+          export GH_AW_MODELS_JSON_PATH="/tmp/gh-aw/models.json"
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST="${DOCKER_HOST}"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS=""
+          if [[ "${DOCKER_HOST:-}" =~ ^tcp:// ]]; then
+            GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS="--docker-host-path-prefix /tmp/gh-aw"
+            _GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON=$(jq -c --arg src /tmp/gh-aw --arg user "$(id -un)" --argjson uid "$(id -u)" --argjson gid "$(id -g)" --arg home /tmp/gh-aw/home '.chroot={"binariesSourcePath":$src,"identity":{"user":$user,"uid":$uid,"gid":$gid,"home":$home}}' "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json") || { echo "chroot config patch failed" >&2; exit 1; }
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+            printf '%s\n' "$_GH_AW_CHROOT_JSON" > "/tmp/gh-aw/awf-config.json"
+          fi
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT=""
+          GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"
+          if [ -d "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" ]; then
+            if [[ "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" != /opt/* ]]; then
+              GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT="$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE:ro"
+            fi
+          fi
+          # shellcheck disable=SC1003,SC2086
+          sudo -E awf --config "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/awf-config.json" --container-workdir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" --mount "${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:/host${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw:ro" ${GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT:+--mount "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE_MOUNT"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST:+--docker-host "$GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST"} ${GH_AW_DOCKER_HOST_PATH_PREFIX_ARGS} --env-all --exclude-env COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN --log-level info --proxy-logs-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/logs --audit-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/firewall/audit --enable-host-access --allow-host-ports 80,443,8080 --skip-pull \
+            -- /bin/bash -c 'set +o histexpand; : "${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE:?RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE must be set}"; GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE="$RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"; export PATH="$(find "$GH_AW_TOOL_CACHE" -maxdepth 5 -type d -name bin 2>/dev/null | tr '\''\n'\'' '\'':'\'')$PATH"; [ -n "$GOROOT" ] && export PATH="$GOROOT/bin:$PATH" || true && GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="${GH_AW_NODE_BIN:-}"; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ] || [ ! -x "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then GH_AW_NODE_EXEC="$(command -v node 2>/dev/null || true)"; fi; if [ -z "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ]; then echo "node runtime missing on this runner — check runtimes.node in workflow YAML" >&2; exit 127; fi; GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT="$(npm root -g 2>/dev/null || true)"; if [ -n "$GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT" ]; then export NODE_PATH="${GH_AW_NPM_GLOBAL_ROOT}${NODE_PATH:+:${NODE_PATH}}"; fi; "$GH_AW_NODE_EXEC" ${RUNNER_TEMP}/gh-aw/actions/copilot_harness.cjs /usr/local/bin/copilot --add-dir /tmp/gh-aw/ --log-level all --log-dir /tmp/gh-aw/sandbox/agent/logs/ --disable-builtin-mcps --no-ask-user --allow-all-tools --add-dir "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}" --prompt-file /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt' 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+        env:
+          AWF_REFLECT_ENABLED: 1
+          COPILOT_AGENT_RUNNER_TYPE: STANDALONE
+          COPILOT_DUMMY_BYOK: dummy-byok-key-for-offline-mode
+          COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          COPILOT_MODEL: ${{ vars.GH_AW_MODEL_DETECTION_COPILOT || vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MODEL_COPILOT || 'claude-sonnet-4.6' }}
+          GH_AW_LLM_PROVIDER: github
+          GH_AW_MAX_AI_CREDITS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_DETECTION_MAX_AI_CREDITS || '400' }}
+          GH_AW_MAX_TURNS: ${{ vars.GH_AW_DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS || '' }}
+          GH_AW_PHASE: detection
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+          GH_AW_TIMEOUT_MINUTES: 20
+          GH_AW_VERSION: v0.81.6
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GITHUB_AW: true
+          GITHUB_COPILOT_INTEGRATION_ID: agentic-workflows
+          GITHUB_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          GITHUB_REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY: /tmp/gh-aw/agent-step-summary.md
+          GITHUB_WORKSPACE: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: github-actions[bot]
+          RUNNER_TEMP: ${{ runner.temp }}
+          TRACEPARENT: ${{ env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID != '' && env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID != '' && format('00-{0}-{1}-01', env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_TRACE_ID, env.GITHUB_AW_OTEL_PARENT_SPAN_ID) || '' }}
+      - name: Parse threat detection token usage for step summary
+        id: parse_detection_token_usage
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_TOKEN_USAGE_SUMMARY_TITLE: Threat Detection Token Usage
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_token_usage.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload threat detection log
+        if: always() && steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: detection
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/detection.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+      - name: Parse and conclude threat detection
+        id: detection_conclusion
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RUN_DETECTION: ${{ steps.detection_guard.outputs.run_detection }}
+          DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.detection_agentic_execution.outcome }}
+          GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR: "true"
+        with:
+          script: |
+            try {
+              const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+              setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+              const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/parse_threat_detection_results.cjs');
+              await main();
+            } catch (loadErr) {
+              const continueOnError = process.env.GH_AW_DETECTION_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR !== 'false';
+              const detectionExecutionFailed = process.env.DETECTION_AGENTIC_EXECUTION_OUTCOME === 'failure';
+              const msg = 'ERR_SYSTEM: \u274C Unexpected error loading threat detection module: ' + (loadErr && loadErr.message ? loadErr.message : String(loadErr));
+              core.error(msg);
+              core.setOutput('reason', 'parse_error');
+              if (continueOnError && !detectionExecutionFailed) {
+                core.warning('\u26A0\uFE0F ' + msg);
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'warning');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+              } else {
+                core.setOutput('conclusion', 'failure');
+                core.setOutput('success', 'false');
+                core.setFailed(msg);
+              }
+            }
+
+  safe_outputs:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: (!cancelled()) && needs.agent.result != 'skipped' && needs.detection.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    env:
+      GH_AW_AGENT_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AIC: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_AMBIENT_CONTEXT: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.ambient_context }}
+      GH_AW_CALLER_WORKFLOW_ID: "${{ github.repository }}/zipt-code-reviewer"
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_CONCLUSION: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_conclusion }}
+      GH_AW_DETECTION_REASON: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.detection_reason }}
+      GH_AW_EFFECTIVE_TOKENS: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.effective_tokens }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_MODEL: ${{ needs.agent.outputs.model }}
+      GH_AW_ENGINE_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_THREAT_DETECTION_AIC: ${{ needs.detection.outputs.aic }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID: "zipt-code-reviewer"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_SOURCE_URL: "${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/blob/${{ github.ref_name }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md"
+    outputs:
+      code_push_failure_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_count }}
+      code_push_failure_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.code_push_failure_errors }}
+      create_discussion_error_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_error_count }}
+      create_discussion_errors: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.create_discussion_errors }}
+      created_issue_number: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_number }}
+      created_issue_url: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.created_issue_url }}
+      process_safe_outputs_processed_count: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.processed_count }}
+      process_safe_outputs_temporary_id_map: ${{ steps.process_safe_outputs.outputs.temporary_id_map }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download agent output artifact
+        id: download-agent-output
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: agent
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/
+      - name: Setup agent output environment variable
+        id: setup-agent-output-env
+        if: steps.download-agent-output.outcome == 'success'
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/gh-aw/
+          find "/tmp/gh-aw/" -type f -print
+          echo "GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT=/tmp/gh-aw/agent_output.json" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: Configure GH_HOST for enterprise compatibility
+        id: ghes-host-config
+        shell: bash
+        run: | # zizmor: ignore[github-env] - GITHUB_SERVER_URL is set by GitHub Actions, not user input.
+          # Derive GH_HOST from GITHUB_SERVER_URL so the gh CLI targets the correct
+          # GitHub instance (GHES/GHEC). On github.com this is a harmless no-op.
+          GH_HOST="${GITHUB_SERVER_URL#https://}"
+          GH_HOST="${GH_HOST#http://}"
+          echo "GH_HOST=${GH_HOST}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Process Safe Outputs
+        id: process_safe_outputs
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT: ${{ steps.setup-agent-output-env.outputs.GH_AW_AGENT_OUTPUT }}
+          GH_AW_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.comment_id }}
+          GH_AW_ALLOWED_DOMAINS: "*.githubusercontent.com,api.business.githubcopilot.com,api.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,api.github.com,api.githubcopilot.com,api.individual.githubcopilot.com,api.snapcraft.io,archive.ubuntu.com,azure.archive.ubuntu.com,codeload.github.com,crl.geotrust.com,crl.globalsign.com,crl.identrust.com,crl.sectigo.com,crl.thawte.com,crl.usertrust.com,crl.verisign.com,crl3.digicert.com,crl4.digicert.com,crls.ssl.com,docs.github.com,github-cloud.githubusercontent.com,github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com,github.blog,github.com,github.githubassets.com,host.docker.internal,json-schema.org,json.schemastore.org,keyserver.ubuntu.com,lfs.github.com,objects.githubusercontent.com,ocsp.digicert.com,ocsp.geotrust.com,ocsp.globalsign.com,ocsp.identrust.com,ocsp.sectigo.com,ocsp.ssl.com,ocsp.thawte.com,ocsp.usertrust.com,ocsp.verisign.com,packagecloud.io,packages.cloud.google.com,packages.microsoft.com,patch-diff.githubusercontent.com,ppa.launchpad.net,raw.githubusercontent.com,registry.npmjs.org,s.symcb.com,s.symcd.com,security.ubuntu.com,telemetry.enterprise.githubcopilot.com,ts-crl.ws.symantec.com,ts-ocsp.ws.symantec.com,www.googleapis.com"
+          GITHUB_SERVER_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}
+          GITHUB_API_URL: ${{ github.api_url }}
+          GH_AW_SAFE_OUTPUTS_HANDLER_CONFIG: "{\"create_issue\":{\"labels\":[\"code-quality\",\"automated\",\"string-solver\"],\"max\":3,\"title_prefix\":\"[zipt-review] \"},\"create_report_incomplete_issue\":{},\"missing_data\":{},\"missing_tool\":{},\"noop\":{\"max\":1,\"report-as-issue\":\"false\"},\"report_incomplete\":{}}"
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GH_AW_GITHUB_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const { setupGlobals } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/setup_globals.cjs');
+            setupGlobals(core, github, context, exec, io, getOctokit);
+            const { main } = require('${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions/safe_output_handler_manager.cjs');
+            await main();
+      - name: Upload Safe Outputs Items
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: safe-outputs-items
+          path: |
+            /tmp/gh-aw/safe-output-items.jsonl
+            /tmp/gh-aw/temporary-id-map.json
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  update_cache_memory:
+    needs:
+      - activation
+      - agent
+      - detection
+    if: always() && needs.detection.result == 'success' && needs.agent.result == 'success'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions: {}
+    env:
+      GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES: ${{ vars.GH_AW_RUNTIME_FEATURES }}
+      GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED: ziptcodereviewer
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Scripts
+        id: setup
+        uses: github/gh-aw-actions/setup@v0.81.6
+        with:
+          destination: ${{ runner.temp }}/gh-aw/actions
+          job-name: ${{ github.job }}
+          trace-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-trace-id }}
+          parent-span-id: ${{ needs.activation.outputs.setup-parent-span-id || needs.activation.outputs.setup-span-id }}
+        env:
+          GH_AW_SETUP_WORKFLOW_NAME: "ZIPT Code Reviewer"
+          GH_AW_CURRENT_WORKFLOW_REF: ${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.lock.yml@${{ github.ref }}
+          GH_AW_INFO_VERSION: "1.0.65"
+          GH_AW_INFO_AWF_VERSION: "v0.27.11"
+          GH_AW_INFO_ENGINE_ID: "copilot"
+      - name: Download cache-memory artifact (default)
+        id: download_cache_default
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        continue-on-error: true
+        with:
+          name: cache-memory
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+      - name: Check if cache-memory folder has content (default)
+        id: check_cache_default
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ -d "/tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory" ] && [ "$(ls -A /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "has_content=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "has_content=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - name: Save cache-memory to cache (default)
+        if: steps.check_cache_default.outputs.has_content == 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          key: memory-none-nopolicy-${{ env.GH_AW_WORKFLOW_ID_SANITIZED }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: /tmp/gh-aw/cache-memory
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md b/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..788b9cadc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/zipt-code-reviewer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+---
+description: Reviews Z3 string/sequence graph implementation (euf_sgraph, euf_seq_plugin, src/smt/seq) by comparing with the ZIPT reference implementation and reporting improvements as git diffs in GitHub issues
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0,6,12,18 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+network:
+  allowed:
+    - defaults
+    - github
+
+tools:
+  cache-memory: true
+  github:
+    toolsets: [default]
+  edit: {}
+  web-fetch: {}
+  bash:
+    - "git diff:*"
+    - "git log:*"
+    - "git show:*"
+    - "git status"
+    - "clang-format:*"
+
+safe-outputs:
+  report-failure-as-issue: false
+  create-issue:
+    title-prefix: "[zipt-review] "
+    labels: [code-quality, automated, string-solver]
+    max: 3
+  missing-tool:
+    create-issue: true
+  noop:
+    report-as-issue: false
+
+timeout-minutes: 30
+
+steps:
+  - name: Checkout repository
+    uses: actions/checkout@v6.0.2
+    with:
+      persist-credentials: false
+
+---
+
+# ZIPT Code Reviewer
+
+You are an expert C++ code reviewer specializing in string constraint solvers and the Z3 theorem prover. Your mission is to compare Z3's string/sequence graph implementation with the reference ZIPT implementation, identify concrete code improvements, and present them as git diffs in a GitHub issue.
+
+## Current Context
+
+- **Repository**: ${{ github.repository }}
+- **Workspace**: ${{ github.workspace }}
+- **ZIPT Reference**: https://github.com/CEisenhofer/ZIPT/tree/parikh/ZIPT
+
+## Phase 1: Read Z3 Source Files
+
+Read each of the following Z3 source files in full:
+
+### String Graph (euf_sgraph / euf_snode)
+- `src/ast/euf/euf_snode.h`
+- `src/ast/euf/euf_sgraph.h`
+- `src/ast/euf/euf_sgraph.cpp`
+
+### Sequence Plugin (euf_seq_plugin)
+- `src/ast/euf/euf_seq_plugin.h`
+- `src/ast/euf/euf_seq_plugin.cpp`
+
+### SMT Sequence Theory (src/smt/seq*)
+Use the glob tool to find all relevant files:
+```
+src/smt/seq*.h
+src/smt/seq*.cpp
+```
+Read each matched file.
+
+## Phase 2: Fetch ZIPT Reference Implementation
+
+The ZIPT project (https://github.com/CEisenhofer/ZIPT/tree/parikh/ZIPT) is the reference C# implementation that the Z3 string solver is ported from. Fetch the relevant source files to understand the reference algorithms.
+
+### Step 2.1: Discover ZIPT File Structure
+
+Fetch the ZIPT repository tree to understand the structure:
+
+```
+https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CEisenhofer/ZIPT/parikh/ZIPT/
+```
+
+Try fetching these likely ZIPT source directories and files:
+
+1. Repository root listing: `https://api.github.com/repos/CEisenhofer/ZIPT/git/trees/parikh?recursive=1`
+2. Key ZIPT source files (fetch the ones you find relevant from the tree):
+   - Look for files related to: string graphs, sequence plugins, Nielsen graph, Parikh constraints, polynomial hashing, substitution caching
+   - The ZIPT project is written in C#; the Z3 implementation is a C++ port
+
+When fetching files, use the raw content URL pattern:
+```
+https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CEisenhofer/ZIPT/parikh/ZIPT/<path>
+```
+
+### Step 2.2: Identify Corresponding ZIPT Files
+
+For each Z3 file you read in Phase 1, identify the ZIPT file(s) that implement the same functionality. Focus on:
+- String/sequence graph data structures (snode, sgraph equivalents)
+- Concat associativity propagation
+- Nullable computation
+- Kleene star / regex handling
+- Polynomial hash matrix computation
+- Substitution caching
+
+## Phase 3: Analyze and Identify Improvements
+
+Compare the Z3 C++ implementation against the ZIPT C# reference. For each file pair, look for:
+
+### 3.1 Algorithmic Improvements
+- Missing algorithms or edge cases present in ZIPT but absent from Z3
+- More efficient data structures used in ZIPT
+- Better asymptotic complexity in ZIPT for key operations
+- Missing optimizations (e.g., short-circuit evaluations, caching strategies)
+
+### 3.2 Correctness Issues
+- Logic discrepancies between Z3 and ZIPT for the same algorithm
+- Missing null/empty checks present in ZIPT
+- Incorrect handling of edge cases (empty strings, epsilon, absorbing elements)
+- Off-by-one errors or boundary condition mistakes
+
+### 3.3 Code Quality Improvements
+- Functions in ZIPT that are cleaner or more modular than the Z3 port
+- Missing early-exit conditions
+- Redundant computations that ZIPT avoids
+- Better naming or structure in ZIPT that could improve Z3 readability
+
+### 3.4 Missing Features
+- ZIPT functionality not yet ported to Z3
+- Incomplete ports where only part of the ZIPT logic was transferred
+
+## Phase 4: Implement Improvements as Code Changes
+
+For each improvement identified in Phase 3:
+
+1. **Assess feasibility**: Only implement improvements that are:
+   - Self-contained (don't require large architectural changes)
+   - Verifiable (you can confirm correctness by reading the code)
+   - Safe (don't change public API signatures)
+
+2. **Apply the change** using the edit tool to modify the Z3 source file
+
+3. **Track each change**: Note the file, line range, and rationale
+
+Focus on at most **5 concrete, high-value improvements** per run to keep changes focused and reviewable.
+
+## Phase 5: Generate Git Diff
+
+After applying all changes:
+
+```bash
+# Check what was modified
+git status
+
+# Generate a unified diff of all changes
+git diff > /tmp/zipt-improvements.diff
+
+# Read the diff
+cat /tmp/zipt-improvements.diff
+```
+
+If no changes were made because no improvements were found or all were too risky, call the `noop` safe-output tool:
+
+```
+noop: "ZIPT code review complete. No concrete improvements found in this run. Files examined: [list files]. ZIPT files compared: [list files]."
+```
+
+## Phase 6: Create GitHub Issue
+
+If improvements were found and changes were applied, create a GitHub issue using the safe-outputs configuration.
+
+Structure the issue body as follows:
+
+```markdown
+## ZIPT Code Review: Improvements from Reference Implementation
+
+**Date**: [today's date]  
+**Files Reviewed**: [list of Z3 files examined]  
+**ZIPT Reference**: https://github.com/CEisenhofer/ZIPT/tree/parikh/ZIPT
+
+### Summary
+
+[2-3 sentence summary of what was found and changed]
+
+### Improvements Applied
+
+For each improvement:
+
+#### Improvement N: [Short title]
+
+**File**: `path/to/z3/file.cpp`  
+**Rationale**: [Why this improves the code, with reference to the ZIPT equivalent]  
+**ZIPT Reference**: [URL or file path of the corresponding ZIPT code]
+
+### Git Diff
+
+The following diff can be applied with `git apply`:
+
+```diff
+[FULL GIT DIFF OUTPUT HERE]
+```
+
+To apply:
+```bash
+git apply - << 'EOF'
+[FULL GIT DIFF OUTPUT HERE]
+EOF
+```
+
+### Testing
+
+After applying this diff, build and test with:
+```bash
+mkdir -p build && cd build
+cmake ..
+make -j$(nproc)
+make test-z3
+./test-z3 euf_sgraph
+./test-z3 euf_seq_plugin
+```
+
+---
+*Generated by ZIPT Code Reviewer agent — comparing Z3 implementation with CEisenhofer/ZIPT@parikh*
+```
+
+## Important: Always Call a Safe Output Tool
+
+**You MUST always call at least one safe-output tool before finishing.** Failing to do so is reported as a workflow failure.
+
+- If you found and applied improvements → call `create_issue`
+- If ZIPT is unreachable, no improvements were found, or all improvements are out of scope → call `noop` with a brief explanation
+
+### Scope
+- **Only** examine the files listed in Phase 1
+- **Only** compare against the ZIPT reference at https://github.com/CEisenhofer/ZIPT/tree/parikh/ZIPT
+- Do **not** modify test files
+- Do **not** change public API signatures
+
+### Quality Bar
+- Every change must be demonstrably better than the current code
+- Cite the specific ZIPT file and function for each improvement
+- Prefer small, surgical changes over large refactors
+
+### Exit Conditions
+Call `noop` (instead of creating an issue) if:
+- ZIPT repository is unreachable
+- No concrete, safe improvements can be identified
+- All identified improvements require architectural changes beyond the scope of a single diff
+
+Example noop call:
+```
+noop: "ZIPT code review complete. No improvements applied: [brief reason, e.g. ZIPT unreachable / no safe changes identified]. Files reviewed: [list]."
+```
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index ee5df58ff1..8e5bd7294d 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 *~
 rebase.cmd
+reports/
+crashes/
 *.pyc
 *.pyo
 # Ignore callgrind files
 callgrind.out.*
+gmon.out
 # .hpp files are automatically generated
 *.hpp
 .env
@@ -117,3 +120,10 @@ genaisrc/genblogpost.genai.mts
 bazel-*
 # Local issue tracking
 .beads
+.z3-agent/
+.playwright*/
+.atomic/
+.deepscan/
+.deeptest/
+tptp_test/
+tptp_benchmarks/
diff --git a/BUILD.bazel b/BUILD.bazel
index f4d69a747e..ab99f75e5f 100644
--- a/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/BUILD.bazel
@@ -16,17 +16,30 @@ filegroup(
     srcs = glob(["**"]),
 )
 
+_DEFAULT_CMAKE_GENERATE_ARGS = [
+    "-G Ninja",
+    "-D CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib",  # Matches rules_foreign_cc's default out_lib_dir.
+]
+
 cmake(
     name = "z3_dynamic",
-    generate_args = [
-        "-G Ninja", 
+    generate_args = _DEFAULT_CMAKE_GENERATE_ARGS + [
         "-D Z3_EXPORTED_TARGETS=",  # prevents installation, leaving symlinks between dylibs intact on copy
     ],
     lib_source = ":all_files",
     out_binaries = ["z3"],
     out_shared_libs = select({
-        "@platforms//os:linux": ["libz3.so"],
-        # "@platforms//os:osx": ["libz3.dylib"],    # FIXME: this is not working, libz3<version>.dylib is not copied
+        # NOTE: These will need to be manually bumped along side the version in MODULE.bazel/VERSION.txt/CMake
+        "@platforms//os:linux": [
+            "libz3.so",
+            "libz3.so.4.17",
+            "libz3.so.4.17.0.0",
+        ],
+        "@platforms//os:osx": [
+            "libz3.dylib",
+            "libz3.4.17.dylib",
+            "libz3.4.17.0.0.dylib",
+        ],
         "@platforms//os:windows": ["libz3.dll"],
         "//conditions:default": ["@platforms//:incompatible"],
     }),
@@ -35,8 +48,7 @@ cmake(
 
 cmake(
     name = "z3_static",
-    generate_args = [
-        "-G Ninja", 
+    generate_args = _DEFAULT_CMAKE_GENERATE_ARGS + [
         "-D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF",
         "-D Z3_BUILD_LIBZ3_SHARED=OFF",
     ],
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 1ff592e0e9..ae57d5b2f4 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -204,7 +204,12 @@ elseif (EMSCRIPTEN)
     "-Os"
     "-s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1"
     "-s ASSERTIONS=0"
-    "-s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0"
+    # Use native wasm exception handling + wasm longjmp to match the ABI of the
+    # Pyodide / modern-emscripten main module. The legacy JS-based EH (which the
+    # removed "-s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0" selected) makes libz3 import
+    # invoke_* trampolines the Pyodide runtime no longer provides.
+    "-fwasm-exceptions"
+    "-s SUPPORT_LONGJMP=wasm"
     "-s ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=1"
   )
 endif()
@@ -253,6 +258,9 @@ option(Z3_SINGLE_THREADED
   OFF
 )
 if (Z3_SINGLE_THREADED)
+  if (Z3_API_LOG_SYNC)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Z3_API_LOG_SYNC requires threading support and cannot be combined with Z3_SINGLE_THREADED")
+  endif()
   list(APPEND Z3_COMPONENT_CXX_DEFINES "-DSINGLE_THREAD")
   message(STATUS "Non-thread-safe build")
 else()
diff --git a/MODULE.bazel b/MODULE.bazel
index c368221dac..0d4d442ffc 100644
--- a/MODULE.bazel
+++ b/MODULE.bazel
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module(
     name = "z3",
-    version = "4.16.0",  # TODO: Read from VERSION.txt - currently manual sync required
+    version = "4.17.1",  # TODO: Read from VERSION.txt - currently manual sync required
     bazel_compatibility = [">=7.0.0"],
 )
 
diff --git a/README-CMake.md b/README-CMake.md
index c9edb93783..f2ffca30fc 100644
--- a/README-CMake.md
+++ b/README-CMake.md
@@ -441,6 +441,8 @@ The following useful options can be passed to CMake whilst configuring.
     fail on other compilers. This does not require link time optimization. Control Flow Guard is enabled by default for MSVC builds.
     Note: Control Flow Guard is incompatible with ``/ZI`` (Edit and Continue debug information) and ``/clr`` (Common Language Runtime compilation).
 * ``Z3_API_LOG_SYNC`` - BOOL. If set to ``TRUE`` will enable experimental API log sync feature.
+    This uses locking to allow concurrent API log access across multiple threads. This option is
+    incompatible with ``Z3_SINGLE_THREADED``.
 * ``WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS`` - STRING. If set to ``ON`` compiler warnings will be treated as errors. If set to ``OFF`` compiler warnings will not be treated as errors.
     If set to ``SERIOUS_ONLY`` a subset of compiler warnings will be treated as errors.
 * ``Z3_C_EXAMPLES_FORCE_CXX_LINKER`` - BOOL. If set to ``TRUE`` the C API examples will request that the C++ linker is used rather than the C linker.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 04fe821ec0..ec8342772a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ See the [release notes](RELEASE_NOTES.md) for notes on various stable releases o
 | [![WASM Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/wasm.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/wasm.yml) | [![Windows](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/Windows.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/Windows.yml) | [![CI](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/ci.yml) | [![OCaml Binding CI](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/ocaml.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/ocaml.yaml) |
 
 ### Scheduled Workflows
-| Open Bugs | Android Build | Pyodide Build | Nightly Build | Code Coverage | Cross Build |
-| -----------|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|-------------|
-| [![Open Issues](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/wip.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/wip.yml) | [![Android Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/android-build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/android-build.yml) | [![Pyodide Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/pyodide.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/pyodide.yml) | [![Nightly Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/nightly.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/nightly.yml) | [![Code Coverage](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/coverage.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/coverage.yml) | [![RISC V and PowerPC 64](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/cross-build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/cross-build.yml) |
+| Open Bugs | Android Build | Pyodide Wheel (PyPI) | Nightly Build | Cross Build |
+| -----------|---------------|---------------|---------------|-------------|
+| [![Open Issues](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/wip.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/wip.yml) | [![Android Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/android-build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/android-build.yml) | [![Pyodide Wheel (PyPI)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/pyodide-pypi.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/pyodide-pypi.yml) | [![Nightly Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/nightly.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/nightly.yml) | [![RISC V and PowerPC 64](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/cross-build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/cross-build.yml) |
 
-| MSVC Static | MSVC Clang-CL | Build Z3 Cache |
-|-------------|---------------|----------------|
-| [![MSVC Static Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/msvc-static-build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/msvc-static-build.yml) | [![MSVC Clang-CL Static Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/msvc-static-build-clang-cl.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/msvc-static-build-clang-cl.yml) | [![Build and Cache Z3](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/build-z3-cache.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/build-z3-cache.yml) |
+| MSVC Static | MSVC Clang-CL | Build Z3 Cache | Memory Safety | Mark PRs Ready |
+|-------------|---------------|----------------|---------------|----------------|
+| [![MSVC Static Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/msvc-static-build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/msvc-static-build.yml) | [![MSVC Clang-CL Static Build](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/msvc-static-build-clang-cl.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/msvc-static-build-clang-cl.yml) | [![Build and Cache Z3](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/build-z3-cache.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/build-z3-cache.yml) | [![Memory Safety Analysis](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/memory-safety.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/memory-safety.yml) | [![Mark PRs Ready for Review](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/mark-prs-ready-for-review.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/mark-prs-ready-for-review.yml) |
 
 ### Manual & Release Workflows
 | Documentation | Release Build | WASM Release | NuGet Build |
@@ -42,9 +42,17 @@ See the [release notes](RELEASE_NOTES.md) for notes on various stable releases o
 | [![Nightly Build Validation](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/nightly-validation.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/nightly-validation.yml) | [![Copilot Setup Steps](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/copilot-setup-steps.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/copilot-setup-steps.yml) | [![Agentics Maintenance](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/agentics-maintenance.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/agentics-maintenance.yml) |
 
 ### Agentic Workflows
-| API Coherence | Build Warning Fixer | Code Conventions | Code Simplifier | Deeptest | Release Notes | Soundness Bug | Specbot | Workflow Suggestion |
-| --------------|---------------------|------------------|------------------|----------|---------------|---------------|---------|---------------------|
-| [![API Coherence Checker](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml) | [![Build Warning Fixer](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/build-warning-fixer.lock.yml) | [![Code Conventions Analyzer](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml) | [![Code Simplifier](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml) | [![Deeptest](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/deeptest.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/deeptest.lock.yml) | [![Release Notes Updater](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml) | [![Soundness Bug Detector](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/soundness-bug-detector.lock.yml) | [![Specbot](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/specbot.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/specbot.lock.yml) | [![Workflow Suggestion Agent](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml) |
+| API Coherence | Code Simplifier | Release Notes | Workflow Suggestion | Academic Citation |
+| -------------|-----------------|---------------|---------------------|-------------------|
+| [![API Coherence Checker](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/api-coherence-checker.lock.yml) | [![Code Simplifier](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/code-simplifier.lock.yml) | [![Release Notes Updater](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/release-notes-updater.lock.yml) | [![Workflow Suggestion Agent](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/workflow-suggestion-agent.lock.yml) | [![Academic Citation Tracker](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/academic-citation-tracker.lock.yml) |
+
+| Issue Backlog | Memory Safety Report | QF-S Benchmark | Specbot Crash Analyzer | SMTLIB Benchmark Finder |
+| --------------|----------------------|----------------|------------------------|-------------------------|
+| [![Issue Backlog Processor](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/issue-backlog-processor.lock.yml) | [![Memory Safety Report](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/memory-safety-report.lock.yml) | [![ZIPT String Solver Benchmark](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/qf-s-benchmark.lock.yml) | [![Specbot Crash Analyzer](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/specbot-crash-analyzer.lock.yml) | [![SMTLIB Benchmark Finder](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/smtlib-benchmark-finder.lock.yml) |
+
+| TPTP Benchmark |
+|----------------|
+| [![TPTP Front-End Benchmark](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/actions/workflows/tptp-benchmark.lock.yml) |
 
 [1]: #building-z3-on-windows-using-visual-studio-command-prompt
 [2]: #building-z3-using-make-and-gccclang
@@ -291,4 +299,3 @@ to Z3's C API. For more information, see [MachineArithmetic/README.md](https://g
 ## Power Tools
 * The [Axiom Profiler](https://github.com/viperproject/axiom-profiler-2) currently developed by ETH Zurich
 
-
diff --git a/RELEASE_NOTES.md b/RELEASE_NOTES.md
index 1b2ead337e..669dfec8a2 100644
--- a/RELEASE_NOTES.md
+++ b/RELEASE_NOTES.md
@@ -1,11 +1,212 @@
 RELEASE NOTES
 
-Version 4.next
-================
-- Planned features
-  - sat.euf 
-    - CDCL core for SMT queries. It extends the SAT engine with theory solver plugins.
-  - add global incremental pre-processing for the legacy core.
+
+Version 4.17.0
+==============
+- A FiniteSets theory solver
+  FiniteSets is a theory with a sort (FiniteSet S) for base sort S.
+  Inhabitants of (FiniteSet S) are finite sets of elements over S.
+  The main operations are creating empty sets, singleton sets, union, intersection, set difference, ranges of integers, subset modulo a predicate.
+  Constraints are: membership, subset.
+  The size of a set is obtained using set.size.
+  It is possible to map a function over elements of a set using set.map.
+  Support for set.range, set.map is partial.
+  Support for set.size exists, but is without any optimization. The source code contains comments on ways to make it more efficient. File a GitHub issue if you want to contribute.s
+- Add Python API convenience methods for improved usability. Thanks to Daniel Tang.
+  - Solver.solutions(t) method for finding all solutions to constraints, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8633
+  - ArithRef.__abs__ alias to integrate with Python's abs() builtin, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8623
+  - Improved error message in ModelRef.__getitem__ to suggest using eval(), https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8626
+  - Documentation example for Solver.sexpr(), https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8631
+- Performance improvements by replacing unnecessary copy operations with std::move semantics for better efficiency.
+  Thanks to Nuno Lopes, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8583
+- Fix spurious sort error with nested quantifiers in model finder. `Fixes #8563`
+- NLSAT optimizations including improvements to handle_nullified_poly and levelwise algorithm. Thanks to Lev Nachmanson.
+- Add ASan/UBSan memory safety CI workflow for continuous runtime safety checking. Thanks to Angelica Moreira.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8856
+- Add missing API bindings across multiple languages:
+  - Python: BvNand, BvNor, BvXnor operations, Optimize.translate()
+  - Go: MkAsArray, MkRecFuncDecl, AddRecDef, Model.Translate, MkBVRotateLeft, MkBVRotateRight, MkRepeat, and 8 BV overflow/underflow check functions
+  - TypeScript: Array.fromFunc, Model.translate
+  - OCaml: Model.translate, mk_re_allchar (thanks to Filipe Marques, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8785)
+  - Java: as-array method (thanks to Ruijie Fang, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8762)
+- Fix #7507: simplify (>= product_of_consecutive_ints 0) to true
+- Fix #7951: add cancellation checks to polynomial gcd_prs and HNF computation
+- Fix #7677: treat FC_CONTINUE from check_nla as FEASIBLE in maximize
+- Fix assertion violation in q_mbi diagnostic output
+- Fix memory leaks in model_based_opt def ref-counting
+- Fix NoSuchFieldError in JNI for BoolPtr: use Z field descriptor and SetBooleanField
+- Fix TypeScript Array.fromFunc to use f.ptr instead of f.ast for Z3_func_decl type
+- Fix intblast ubv_to_int bug: add bv2int axioms for compound expressions
+- Fix static analysis findings: uninitialized variables, bitwise shift undefined behavior, and null pointer dereferences
+- Convert bv1-blast and blast-term-ite tactics to also expose as simplifiers for more flexible integration
+- Change default of param lws_subs_witness_disc to true for improved NLSAT performance. Thanks to Lev Nachmanson.
+- Nl2Lin integrates a linear under-approximation of a CAD cell by Valentin Promies for improved NLSAT performance on nonlinear arithmetic problems.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8982
+- Fix incorrect optimization of mod in box mode. Fixes #9012
+- Fix inconsistent optimization with scaled objectives in the LP optimizer when nonlinear constraints prevent exploration of the full feasible region.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8998
+- Fix NLA optimization regression and improve LP restore_x handling.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8944
+- Enable sum of monomials simplification in the optimizer for improved nonlinear arithmetic optimization.
+- Convert injectivity and special-relations tactics to simplifier-based implementations for better integration with the simplifier pipeline.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8954, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8955
+- Fix assertion violation in mpz.cpp when running with -tr:arith tracing.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8945
+- Additional API improvements:
+  - Java: numeral extraction helpers (getInt, getLong, getDouble for ArithExpr and BitVecNum). Thanks to Angelica Moreira, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8978
+  - Java: missing AST query methods (isTrue, isFalse, isNot, isOr, isAnd, isDistinct, getBoolValue, etc.). Thanks to Angelica Moreira, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8977
+  - Go: Goal, FuncEntry, Model APIs; TypeScript: Seq higher-order operations (map, fold). https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9006
+- Fix API coherence issues across Go, Java, C++, and TypeScript bindings.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8983
+- Fix deep API bugs in Z3 C API (null pointer handling, error propagation).
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/8972
+- Implement multivariate polynomial factorization via Hensel lifting. Replaces the prior stub
+  implementation (factor_n_sqf_pp) with a working algorithm: evaluate away extra variables to
+  reduce to bivariate, factor the univariate specialization, lift via linear Hensel lifting in
+  Zp[x], and verify the result over Z[x,y]. For more than two variables, bivariate factors are
+  checked against the original polynomial. Thanks to Lev Nachmanson.
+- Add riscv64 Python wheel builds to nightly and release PyPI publishing.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9153
+- Fix nlsat clear() crash: reset polynomial cache and root-atom assignments during solver
+  destruction to prevent use-after-free heap corruption. Also fix scoped_numeral_vector copy
+  constructor to read from the source operand instead of uninitialized self.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9150
+- Fix #9030: in box mode optimization (opt.priority=box), each objective is now optimized
+  independently using push/pop scopes, so adding or removing one objective no longer changes
+  the optimal values of others.
+- Fix assertion violation in isolate_roots for nested nlsat calls. Fixes #6871.
+- Fix #9036: expand bounded integer quantifiers in qe-light when Fourier-Motzkin elimination
+  fails due to non-unit coefficients. When all remaining quantified integers have explicit
+  finite bounds and the product of domain sizes is at most 10000, the quantifier is unrolled
+  into an explicit disjunction.
+- Fix #8023: only skip adding an axiom clause when its satisfying literal is assigned at base
+  level (scope 0). The previous optimization was unsound: literals can be retracted by
+  backtracking, causing the string solver to miss propagations such as indexof(a,s) = -1 when
+  contains(a,s) becomes false after backtracking.
+- Fix lock contention in theory_diff_logic and theory_dense_diff_logic when using multi-threaded
+  solving (smt.threads > 1). A diagnostic IF_VERBOSE(0,...) call was always acquiring the global
+  verbose mutex, causing catastrophic contention when multiple threads internalized atoms.
+  Fixes #8019.
+- Fix string solver: move m_fixed insertion after check_long_strings guard to prevent premature
+  marking of string variables with length > 20 as processed.
+- Fix documentation for Z3_solver_to_dimacs_string: corrected the function name in the API
+  comment. Thanks to Mark DenHoed, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9053
+- Add global backbones to parallel architecture for smt.threads > 1. Backbone literals learned
+  by any worker thread are broadcast to all others, improving search pruning in the shared search
+  tree. Thanks to Ilana Shapiro.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9343
+- Terminate on Demand and algorithmic bugfixes in the parallel search tree, including improved
+  worker termination signaling and fixes to node-state management. Thanks to Ilana Shapiro.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9336
+- Add adaptive growth knobs for Gröbner basis computation under arith.nl.grobner_adaptive.
+  Allows tuning of Gröbner basis expansion rate for better NLA performance. Thanks to Arie.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9390
+- Improvements to NLA lemmas for better nonlinear arithmetic solving. Thanks to Arie.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9391
+- Throttle lia2card tactic in QF_NIA preamble to avoid combinatorial explosion on large instances.
+  Thanks to Arie, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9362
+- Fix smt: reset give-up state when escalating final_check level to prevent solver from
+  incorrectly abandoning solvable instances. Thanks to Lev Nachmanson.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9408
+- Fix double-free crash in anum by giving anum move semantics to prevent sort-triggered
+  double-free. Thanks to Arie, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9320
+- Fix lar_term equality operator to correctly compare terms. Thanks to Arie.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9284
+- Prevent unsound solve-eqs elimination across recursive-function definitions.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9358
+- Fix inverted logic of is-linear check in solve-eqs, #9311.
+- Fix #9293: disable elim-uncnstr simplification under quantifiers to prevent unsound
+  eliminations. Also fix #9234, #9309.
+- Add exception protection for nlsat_tactic and try_for tactic to correctly handle cancellation
+  and ensure robust exception propagation.
+- Add smt.solve_eqs.linear parameter (default false). When set to true, restricts variable
+  eliminations in solve-eqs to only use linear substitutions, avoiding cross-multiplication
+  of nested substitutions.
+- Fix null dereference in linearise_multi_pattern: reorder null check before side effect.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9427
+- Add Go and OCaml API coverage: substitution, AST introspection, Spacer, and Goal completion
+  APIs. https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9277
+- Fix two bugs in Python examples. Thanks to Guangyu (Gary) HU.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9303
+- Add fold-unfold tactic as an alternative to solve-eqs for variable elimination using
+  fold-unfold transformations. Also exposed as a simplifier.
+- Handle SIGXCPU (OS timeout) like a regular `-T` timeout.  Users should make sure to set the soft limit below the hard one, as in `ulimit -S -t 30 -H -t 31` for a 30s soft limit, so SIGXCPU is delivered before SIGKILL.
+- Add `z3regex` Python module to translate Python `re` module regex syntax into Z3 regular expression ASTs, bridging Python regex and Z3 string/regex solving.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10095
+- Add `OP_RE_XOR` operator and union-find bisimulation algorithm for deciding ground regex equivalence. Thanks to Margus Veanes.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9804
+- Improve regex NFA representation: treat each transition-regex leaf as a single bisimulation state for more precise equivalence checking. Thanks to Margus Veanes.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9871
+- Port seq_split rule to master branch, improving sequence solver completeness. Thanks to Clemens Eisenhofer.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9840
+- Add linear divisibility closure lemma for lp/nla solver: derive divisibility constraints from LP solutions to improve nonlinear arithmetic solving.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10107
+- Add `bv_divrem_bounds_tactic`: new tactic for handling bounded bitvector division and remainder constraints (Issue 438).
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10085
+- Improve higher-order matching (ho_matching): fix imitation curry-order, instance-assembly ordering, variable shift bugs, and callback scope nesting. Defer ho-matching to lazy MAM and add throttle configurations.
+- Improve pattern inference to handle binders correctly, support patterns with variables outside of scope, and fix variable shift.
+- Improve generation accounting for quantifier instantiation.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10009
+- Mark quantifier instances that lead to conflicts as relevant to improve solver pruning. Thanks to Can Cebeci.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10064
+- Add constant-bound contradiction shortcut for string `<` (str.lt) constraints in `theory_seq` to quickly detect unsatisfiable string ordering constraints.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10112
+- Add rlimit (resource limit) support in fixedpoint (Horn clause) parameters. Thanks to Eric Astor.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9798
+- Support building a PyPI-publishable Pyodide (PEP 783) wheel for running Z3 in browser environments (WebAssembly). Thanks to Alcides Fonseca.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9891
+- Add versioned shared object names in Bazel build rules for better ABI compatibility management. Thanks to Shantanu Gontia.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9838
+- Go bindings: enable concurrent dec_ref for GC-driven finalizers, improving memory management in multi-goroutine use.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10002
+- LP performance: batch fixed-column bound-witness linearization per row in `lar_solver` for improved arithmetic solving throughput.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10029
+- LP performance: hoist loop-invariant pivot reads in HNF `pivot_column_non_fractional`.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10073
+- Fix optimization soundness: validate strict optimization optima faithfully with delta-rational bounds.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10059
+- Fix optimization soundness: preserve strict supremum/infimum optima with infinitesimal component.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10052
+- Fix inconsistent optimization result with unvalidated LP bound.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10040
+- Fix `elim_uncnstr` simplification disabled by manager-wide `has_type_vars()` flag (issue #6260).
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10063
+- Fix segfault in Horn clause solver on formulas with unused quantified variables.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10091
+- Fix .NET API memory leak: NativeContext finalizer, delegate lifetime, and GC memory pressure registration.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10090
+- Fix unsigned overflow in parallel solver conflict budget escalation.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10076
+- Fix Spacer quantifier elimination: avoid assertion failure on extended arithmetic model values.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10096
+- Fix non-termination in mod rewriter for symbolic modulus expressions.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10105
+- Fix assertion violation in `bv2int_translator` when using `smt.bv.solver=2`.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10109
+- Fix `seq_rewriter`: `re.range` with a provably-empty bound must produce the empty language.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10047
+- Fix soundness regression in symbolic `re.range`: keep non-empty; fix range membership checking.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10017
+- Fix `bv_rewriter`: keep `(= var concat)` intact so DER can eliminate the bound variable (issue #4525).
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10034
+- Fix `psmt` and `smt_parallel` infinite loops on theory-incomplete cubes; report unknown instead of hanging.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9983, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9999
+- Fix `qsat`: decide quantifier-free goals so `qe2` returns `sat` instead of `unknown`.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9970
+- Fix MBQI timeout regression: bound ho_var term enumeration and honor cancellation/timeout in bottom-up term enumeration.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9939, https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9956
+- Java API: `Sort.create()` now returns `EnumSort` instead of `DatatypeSort` for enumeration sorts, fixing the return type.
+  https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10104
+- Thanks to several pull requests improving code quality and build compatibility. Thanks to David Detlefs, Nuno Lopes, Can Cebeci, and others.
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9800
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9879
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9883
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9892
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9903
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9906
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9923
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/9933
+  - https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/pull/10020
 
 Version 4.16.0
 ==============
diff --git a/Z3-AGENT.md b/Z3-AGENT.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40990153e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Z3-AGENT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+# Z3 Agent
+
+A Copilot agent for the Z3 theorem prover. It wraps 9 skills that cover
+SMT solving and code quality analysis.
+
+## What it does
+
+The agent handles two kinds of requests:
+
+1. **SMT solving**: formulate constraints, check satisfiability, prove
+   properties, optimize objectives, simplify expressions.
+2. **Code quality**: run sanitizers (ASan, UBSan) and Clang Static Analyzer
+   against the Z3 codebase to catch memory bugs and logic errors.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+You need a built Z3 binary. The scripts look for it in this order:
+
+1. Explicit `--z3 path/to/z3`
+2. `build/z3`, `build/release/z3`, `build/debug/z3` (relative to repo root)
+3. `z3` on your PATH
+
+For code quality skills you also need:
+
+- **memory-safety**: cmake, make, and a compiler with sanitizer support
+  (gcc or clang). The script checks at startup and tells you what is missing.
+- **static-analysis**: scan-build (part of clang-tools). Same early check
+  with install instructions if absent.
+
+## Using the agent in Copilot Chat
+
+Mention `@z3` and describe what you want in plain language.
+The agent figures out which skill to use, builds the formula if needed,
+runs Z3, and gives you the result.
+
+### solve: check satisfiability
+
+```
+@z3 is (x > 0 and y > 0 and x + y < 5) satisfiable over the integers?
+```
+
+Expected response: **sat** with a model like `x = 1, y = 1`.
+
+```
+@z3 can x + y = 10 and x - y = 4 both hold at the same time?
+```
+
+Expected response: **sat** with `x = 7, y = 3`.
+
+```
+@z3 is there an integer x where x > 0, x < 0?
+```
+
+Expected response: **unsat** (no such integer exists).
+
+### prove: check if something is always true
+
+```
+@z3 prove that x * x >= 0 for all integers x
+```
+
+Expected response: **valid** (the negation is unsatisfiable, so the property holds).
+
+```
+@z3 is it true that (a + b)^2 >= 0 for all real a and b?
+```
+
+Expected response: **valid**.
+
+```
+@z3 prove that if x > y and y > z then x > z, for integers
+```
+
+Expected response: **valid** (transitivity of >).
+
+### optimize: find the best value
+
+```
+@z3 maximize 3x + 2y where x >= 1, y >= 1, and x + y <= 20
+```
+
+Expected response: **sat** with `x = 19, y = 1` (objective = 59).
+
+```
+@z3 minimize x + y where x >= 5, y >= 3, and x + y >= 10
+```
+
+Expected response: **sat** with `x = 5, y = 5` or similar (objective = 10).
+
+### simplify: reduce an expression
+
+```
+@z3 simplify x + 0 + 1*x
+```
+
+Expected response: `2*x`.
+
+```
+@z3 simplify (a and true) or (a and false)
+```
+
+Expected response: `a`.
+
+### encode: translate a problem to SMT-LIB2
+
+```
+@z3 encode this as SMT-LIB2: find integers x and y where x + y = 10 and x > y
+```
+
+Expected response: the SMT-LIB2 formula:
+```
+(declare-const x Int)
+(declare-const y Int)
+(assert (= (+ x y) 10))
+(assert (> x y))
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)
+```
+
+### explain: interpret Z3 output
+
+```
+@z3 what does this Z3 output mean?
+sat
+(
+  (define-fun x () Int 7)
+  (define-fun y () Int 3)
+)
+```
+
+Expected response: a readable summary like "satisfying assignment: x = 7, y = 3".
+
+```
+@z3 Z3 returned unknown, what does that mean?
+```
+
+Expected response: an explanation of common causes (timeout, incomplete theory, quantifiers).
+
+### benchmark: measure performance
+
+```
+@z3 how fast can Z3 solve (x > 0 and y > 0 and x + y < 100)? run it 5 times
+```
+
+Expected response: timing stats like min/median/max in milliseconds and the result.
+
+### memory-safety: find memory bugs in Z3
+
+```
+@z3 run AddressSanitizer on the Z3 test suite
+```
+
+Expected response: builds Z3 with ASan, runs the tests, reports any findings
+with category, file, and line number. If clean, reports no findings.
+
+```
+@z3 check for undefined behavior in Z3
+```
+
+Expected response: runs UBSan, same format.
+
+```
+@z3 run both sanitizers
+```
+
+Expected response: runs ASan and UBSan, aggregates findings from both.
+
+### static-analysis: find bugs without running the code
+
+```
+@z3 run static analysis on the Z3 source
+```
+
+Expected response: runs Clang Static Analyzer, reports findings grouped by
+category (null dereference, dead store, memory leak, etc.) with file and line.
+
+### multi-skill: the agent chains skills when needed
+
+```
+@z3 prove that for all integers, if x^2 is even then x is even
+```
+
+The agent uses **encode** to formalize and negate the statement, then
+**prove** to check it, then **explain** to present the result.
+
+```
+@z3 full verification pass before the release
+```
+
+The agent runs **memory-safety** (ASan + UBSan) and **static-analysis**
+in parallel, then aggregates and deduplicates findings sorted by severity.
+
+## Using the scripts directly
+
+Every skill lives under `.github/skills/<name>/scripts/`. All scripts
+accept `--debug` for full tracing and `--db path` to specify where the
+SQLite log goes (defaults to `z3agent.db` in the current directory).
+
+### solve
+
+Check whether a set of constraints has a solution.
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/solve/scripts/solve.py \
+  --z3 build/release/z3 \
+  --formula '
+(declare-const x Int)
+(declare-const y Int)
+(assert (> x 0))
+(assert (> y 0))
+(assert (< (+ x y) 5))
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)'
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+sat
+  x = 1
+  y = 1
+```
+
+### prove
+
+Check whether a property holds for all values. The script negates your
+conjecture and asks Z3 if the negation is satisfiable. If it is not,
+the property is valid.
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/prove/scripts/prove.py \
+  --z3 build/release/z3 \
+  --conjecture '(>= (* x x) 0)' \
+  --vars 'x:Int'
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+valid
+```
+
+If Z3 finds a counterexample, it prints `invalid` followed by the
+counterexample values.
+
+### optimize
+
+Find the best value of an objective subject to constraints.
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/optimize/scripts/optimize.py \
+  --z3 build/release/z3 \
+  --formula '
+(declare-const x Int)
+(declare-const y Int)
+(assert (>= x 1))
+(assert (>= y 1))
+(assert (<= (+ x y) 20))
+(maximize (+ (* 3 x) (* 2 y)))
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)'
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+sat
+  x = 19
+  y = 1
+```
+
+Here Z3 maximizes `3x + 2y` under the constraint `x + y <= 20`, so it
+pushes x as high as possible (19) and keeps y at its minimum (1),
+giving `3*19 + 2*1 = 59`.
+
+### simplify
+
+Reduce expressions using Z3 tactic chains.
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/simplify/scripts/simplify.py \
+  --z3 build/release/z3 \
+  --formula '(declare-const x Int)(simplify (+ x 0 (* 1 x)))'
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+(* 2 x)
+(goals
+(goal
+  :precision precise :depth 1)
+)
+```
+
+Z3 simplified `x + 0 + 1*x` down to `2*x`.
+
+### benchmark
+
+Measure solving time over multiple runs.
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/benchmark/scripts/benchmark.py \
+  --z3 build/release/z3 \
+  --runs 5 \
+  --formula '
+(declare-const x Int)
+(declare-const y Int)
+(assert (> x 0))
+(assert (> y 0))
+(assert (< (+ x y) 100))
+(check-sat)'
+```
+
+Output (times will vary on your machine):
+
+```
+runs: 5
+min: 27ms
+median: 28ms
+max: 30ms
+result: sat
+```
+
+### explain
+
+Interpret Z3 output in readable form. It reads from stdin:
+
+```
+echo 'sat
+(
+  (define-fun x () Int
+    19)
+  (define-fun y () Int
+    1)
+)' | python3 .github/skills/explain/scripts/explain.py --stdin --type model
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+satisfying assignment:
+  x = 19
+  y = 1
+```
+
+### encode
+
+Validate that an SMT-LIB2 file is well-formed by running it through Z3:
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/encode/scripts/encode.py \
+  --z3 build/release/z3 \
+  --validate problem.smt2
+```
+
+If the file parses and runs without errors, it prints the formula back.
+If there are syntax or sort errors, it prints the Z3 error message.
+
+### memory-safety
+
+Build Z3 with AddressSanitizer or UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer, run the
+test suite, and collect any findings.
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/memory-safety/scripts/memory_safety.py --sanitizer asan
+python3 .github/skills/memory-safety/scripts/memory_safety.py --sanitizer ubsan
+python3 .github/skills/memory-safety/scripts/memory_safety.py --sanitizer both
+```
+
+Use `--skip-build` to reuse a previous instrumented build. Use
+`--build-dir path` to control where the build goes (defaults to
+`build/sanitizer-asan` or `build/sanitizer-ubsan` under the repo root).
+
+If cmake, make, or a C compiler is not found, the script prints what
+you need to install and exits.
+
+### static-analysis
+
+Run Clang Static Analyzer over the Z3 source tree.
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/static-analysis/scripts/static_analysis.py \
+  --build-dir build/scan
+```
+
+Results go to `build/scan/scan-results/` by default. Findings are
+printed grouped by category with file and line number.
+
+If `scan-build` is not on your PATH, the script prints install
+instructions for Ubuntu, macOS, and Fedora.
+
+## Debug tracing
+
+Add `--debug` to any command to see the full trace: run IDs, z3 binary
+path, the exact command and stdin sent to Z3, stdout/stderr received,
+timing, and database logging. Example:
+
+```
+python3 .github/skills/solve/scripts/solve.py \
+  --z3 build/release/z3 --debug \
+  --formula '
+(declare-const x Int)
+(declare-const y Int)
+(assert (> x 0))
+(assert (> y 0))
+(assert (< (+ x y) 5))
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)'
+```
+
+```
+[DEBUG] started run 31 (skill=solve, hash=d64beb5a61842362)
+[DEBUG] found z3: build/release/z3
+[DEBUG] cmd: build/release/z3 -in
+[DEBUG] stdin:
+(declare-const x Int)
+(declare-const y Int)
+(assert (> x 0))
+(assert (> y 0))
+(assert (< (+ x y) 5))
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)
+[DEBUG] exit_code=0 duration=28ms
+[DEBUG] stdout:
+sat
+(
+  (define-fun x () Int
+    1)
+  (define-fun y () Int
+    1)
+)
+[DEBUG] finished run 31: sat (28ms)
+sat
+  x = 1
+  y = 1
+```
+
+## Logging
+
+Every run is logged to a SQLite database (`z3agent.db` by default).
+You can query it directly:
+
+```
+sqlite3 z3agent.db "SELECT id, skill, status, duration_ms FROM runs ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 10;"
+```
+
+Use `--db /path/to/file.db` on any script to put the database somewhere
+else.
+
+## Skill list
+
+| Skill | What it does |
+|-------|-------------|
+| solve | check satisfiability, extract models or unsat cores |
+| prove | prove validity by negating and checking unsatisfiability |
+| optimize | minimize or maximize objectives under constraints |
+| simplify | reduce formulas with Z3 tactic chains |
+| encode | translate problems into SMT-LIB2, validate syntax |
+| explain | interpret Z3 output (models, cores, stats, errors) |
+| benchmark | measure solving time, collect statistics |
+| memory-safety | run ASan/UBSan on Z3 test suite |
+| static-analysis | run Clang Static Analyzer on Z3 source |
diff --git a/a3/a3-python-v2.md b/a3/a3-python.md
similarity index 51%
rename from a3/a3-python-v2.md
rename to a3/a3-python.md
index c86f83896e..0433197e42 100644
--- a/a3/a3-python-v2.md
+++ b/a3/a3-python.md
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 ---
 on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * 0"  # Weekly on Sundays at midnight UTC
+  schedule: weekly on sunday
   workflow_dispatch:  # Allow manual trigger
 permissions:
   contents: read
   issues: read
   pull-requests: read
 network:
-  allowed: [default, python]
+  allowed: [defaults, python]
 safe-outputs:
   create-issue:
     labels:
@@ -21,11 +20,6 @@ name: A3 Python Code Analysis
 strict: true
 timeout-minutes: 45
 tracker-id: a3-python-analysis
-steps:
-  - name: Checkout Python source files
-    run: |
-      git sparse-checkout add src
-      echo "Source files checked out for Python analysis"
 ---
 
 # A3 Python Code Analysis Agent
@@ -35,7 +29,6 @@ You are an expert Python code analyst using the a3-python tool to identify bugs
 ## Current Context
 
 - **Repository**: ${{ github.repository }}
-- **Analysis Date**: $(date +%Y-%m-%d)
 - **Workspace**: ${{ github.workspace }}
 
 ## Phase 1: Install and Setup a3-python
@@ -64,14 +57,14 @@ a3 --help || python -m a3 --help
 
 ### 2.1 Identify Python Files
 
-Find and verify Python source files in the repository:
+Discover Python source files in the repository:
 
 ```bash
-# Check common source directories 
-find ${{ github.workspace }} -name "*.py" -type f | grep -E "(src/|lib/|app/|project/)" | head -20
-
-# List all Python files in the repository
+# Check for Python files in common locations
 find ${{ github.workspace }} -name "*.py" -type f | head -30
+
+# Count total Python files
+echo "Total Python files found: $(find ${{ github.workspace }} -name "*.py" -type f | wc -l)"
 ```
 
 ### 2.2 Run a3-python Analysis
@@ -103,7 +96,7 @@ ls -lh a3-python-output.txt
 cat a3-python-output.txt
 ```
 
-**Important**: The a3-python tool will analyze all Python files found in the repository, focusing on source code directories.
+**Important**: The a3-python tool should analyze the Python files in the repository, which may include various Python modules and packages depending on the project structure.
 
 ## Phase 3: Post-Process and Analyze Results
 
@@ -134,163 +127,7 @@ For each issue reported in the output, determine:
    - Generated code or third-party code
    - Overly strict warnings without merit
 
-### 3.3 Extract Source Code Context
-
-For each true positive finding, extract the relevant source code context to make the report more readable:
-
-```bash
-# Function to extract source code context around a specific line
-extract_code_context() {
-    local file="$1"
-    local line_num="$2"
-    local context_lines="${3:-5}"  # Default to 5 lines before/after
-    
-    if [[ -f "$file" ]]; then
-        echo "```python"
-        # Show line numbers and context
-        sed -n "$((line_num - context_lines)),$((line_num + context_lines))p" "$file" | \
-        awk -v start=$((line_num - context_lines)) -v target=$line_num '{
-            line_number = NR + start - 1
-            if (line_number == target) {
-                printf "%4d:❌ %s\n", line_number, $0
-            } else {
-                printf "%4d:   %s\n", line_number, $0
-            }
-        }'
-        echo "```"
-    else
-        echo "File not found: $file"
-    fi
-}
-
-# Export the function for use in subshells
-export -f extract_code_context
-```
-
-For each true positive, collect the source code context:
-
-```bash
-# Example usage for each finding:
-# extract_code_context "path/to/file.py" "line_number" 5
-
-# Store contexts in a temporary file for later use in the issue
-echo "# Source Code Contexts" > source_contexts.md
-echo "" >> source_contexts.md
-
-# For each true positive finding, extract context and append to file
-# Example workflow:
-for finding in "${true_positives[@]}"; do
-    file=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'File: [^,]*' | cut -d' ' -f2)
-    line=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'Line: [0-9]*' | cut -d' ' -f2)
-    
-    if [[ -n "$file" && -n "$line" ]]; then
-        echo "## Finding in $file at line $line" >> source_contexts.md
-        extract_code_context "$file" "$line" 5 >> source_contexts.md
-        echo "" >> source_contexts.md
-    fi
-done
-```
-
-### 3.5 Enhanced Analysis Workflow
-
-Create an enhanced analysis workflow that automatically extracts source code context:
-
-```bash
-# Parse a3-python output and extract file/line information
-parse_findings() {
-    local output_file="$1"
-    
-    # Create arrays to store findings
-    declare -a true_positives=()
-    declare -a false_positives=()
-    
-    # Parse the output file and extract findings with file/line info
-    # This is a template - adjust parsing based on actual a3-python output format
-    while IFS= read -r line; do
-        if [[ "$line" =~ ^.*\.py:[0-9]+:.* ]]; then
-            # Extract file and line number from the finding
-            file=$(echo "$line" | grep -oP '[\w/.-]+\.py')
-            line_num=$(echo "$line" | grep -oP '\.py:\K[0-9]+')
-            description=$(echo "$line" | cut -d':' -f3-)
-            
-            echo "Found potential issue: $file:$line_num - $description"
-            
-            # Add logic here to classify as true positive or false positive
-            # For now, store all as potential true positives for manual review
-            true_positives+=("File: $file, Line: $line_num, Description: $description")
-        fi
-    done < "$output_file"
-    
-    # Generate contexts for all true positives
-    echo "# Enhanced Analysis Report" > enhanced_report.md
-    echo "" >> enhanced_report.md
-    echo "## True Positives with Source Context" >> enhanced_report.md
-    echo "" >> enhanced_report.md
-    
-    local counter=1
-    for finding in "${true_positives[@]}"; do
-        file=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'File: [^,]*' | cut -d' ' -f2)
-        line_num=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'Line: [^,]*' | cut -d' ' -f2)
-        desc=$(echo "$finding" | grep -o 'Description: .*' | cut -d' ' -f2-)
-        
-        echo "### Issue $counter: $desc" >> enhanced_report.md
-        echo "- **File**: \`$file\`" >> enhanced_report.md
-        echo "- **Line**: $line_num" >> enhanced_report.md
-        echo "" >> enhanced_report.md
-        echo "**Source Code Context:**" >> enhanced_report.md
-        
-        if [[ -f "$file" ]]; then
-            extract_code_context "$file" "$line_num" 5 >> enhanced_report.md
-        else
-            echo "```" >> enhanced_report.md
-            echo "File not found: $file" >> enhanced_report.md
-            echo "```" >> enhanced_report.md
-        fi
-        
-        echo "" >> enhanced_report.md
-        ((counter++))
-    done
-    
-    # Display the enhanced report
-    echo "=== Enhanced Analysis Report ==="
-    cat enhanced_report.md
-}
-
-# Run the enhanced analysis
-parse_findings "a3-python-output.txt"
-```
-
-### 3.4 Categorize and Count
-
-Create a structured analysis with source code context:
-
-```markdown
-## Analysis Results
-
-### True Positives (Likely Issues):
-1. [Issue 1 Description] - File: path/to/file.py, Line: X
-   **Source Code Context:**
-   ```python
-   [Line numbers with context - error line marked with ❌]
-   ```
-
-2. [Issue 2 Description] - File: path/to/file.py, Line: Y
-   **Source Code Context:**
-   ```python
-   [Line numbers with context - error line marked with ❌]
-   ```
-....
-
-### False Positives:
-1. [FP 1 Description] - Reason for dismissal
-2. [FP 2 Description] - Reason for dismissal
-....
-
-### Summary:
-- Total findings: X
-- True positives: Y
-- False positives: Z
-```
+### 3.3 Categorize and Count
 
 Create a structured analysis:
 
@@ -330,8 +167,6 @@ Create a GitHub issue **ONLY IF**:
 
 ### 4.2 Generate Issue Description
 
-**Important**: Use the enhanced report generated in Phase 3.5 to populate the issue with source code context.
-
 If creating an issue, use this structure:
 
 ```markdown
@@ -353,16 +188,6 @@ This issue reports bugs and code quality issues identified by the a3-python anal
 - **Line**: X
 - **Severity**: [High/Medium/Low]
 - **Description**: [Detailed description of the issue]
-
-**Source Code Context:**
-```python
-  10:   def some_function():
-  11:       value = None
-  12: ❌     return value.upper()  # Error: NoneType has no attribute 'upper'
-  13:   
-  14:   # Rest of function...
-```
-
 - **Recommendation**: [How to fix it]
 
 #### Issue 2: [Short Description]
@@ -370,16 +195,6 @@ This issue reports bugs and code quality issues identified by the a3-python anal
 - **Line**: Y
 - **Severity**: [High/Medium/Low]
 - **Description**: [Detailed description of the issue]
-
-**Source Code Context:**
-```python
-  25:   if condition:
-  26:       result = process_data()
-  27: ❌     return result  # Error: 'result' may be undefined
-  28:   # Missing else clause
-  29:   
-```
-
 - **Recommendation**: [How to fix it]
 
 [Continue for all true positives]
@@ -459,7 +274,7 @@ Create the issue using the safe-outputs configuration:
 
 Exit gracefully without creating an issue if:
 - Analysis tool failed to run or install
-- Python source files were not found or checked out properly
+- Python source files were not checked out (sparse checkout issue)
 - No Python files found in repository
 - Output file is empty or invalid
 - Zero or one true positive identified
@@ -469,11 +284,10 @@ Exit gracefully without creating an issue if:
 
 A successful analysis:
 - ✅ Completes without errors
-- ✅ Generates comprehensive output with source code context
+- ✅ Generates comprehensive output
 - ✅ Accurately classifies findings
 - ✅ Creates actionable issue when appropriate
-- ✅ Provides clear recommendations with visual code examples
-- ✅ Shows error lines with surrounding context for better understanding
+- ✅ Provides clear recommendations
 
 ## Output Requirements
 
@@ -487,19 +301,9 @@ Your output MUST either:
 
 2. **If 2+ true positives found**: Create an issue with:
    - Clear summary of findings
-   - Detailed breakdown of each true positive with source code context
-   - Visual representation of error lines with surrounding code
+   - Detailed breakdown of each true positive
    - Severity classifications
    - Actionable recommendations
    - Complete raw output in collapsible section
 
-## Enhanced Workflow Summary
-
-The enhanced workflow now includes:
-
-1. **Automated Source Code Context Extraction**: The `extract_code_context` function automatically extracts 5 lines before and after each error location
-2. **Visual Error Highlighting**: Error lines are marked with ❌ for easy identification
-3. **Structured Reporting**: Each finding includes the actual source code with line numbers for better understanding
-4. **Enhanced GitHub Issues**: Issues now contain source code snippets making them much more readable and actionable
-
-Begin the analysis now. Install a3-python, run analysis on the repository, save output to a3-python-output.txt, extract source code context for findings, and create a GitHub issue if 2 or more likely issues are found.
+Begin the analysis now. Install a3-python, run analysis on the repository, save output to a3-python-output.txt, post-process to identify true positives, and create a GitHub issue if 2 or more likely issues are found.
diff --git a/agentics/qf-s-benchmark.md b/agentics/qf-s-benchmark.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ceb8f58e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agentics/qf-s-benchmark.md
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+# QF_S String Solver Benchmark
+
+## Job Description
+
+Your name is ${{ github.workflow }}. You are an expert performance analyst for the Z3 theorem prover, specializing in the string/sequence theory. Your task is to benchmark the `seq` solver (classical string theory) against the `nseq` solver (ZIPT-based string theory) on the QF_S test suite from the `c3` branch, and post a structured report as a GitHub Discussion.
+
+The workspace already contains the `c3` branch (checked out by the preceding workflow step).
+
+## Phase 1: Set Up the Build Environment
+
+Install required build tools:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get update -y
+sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build python3 python3-pip time
+```
+
+Verify tools:
+
+```bash
+cmake --version
+ninja --version
+python3 --version
+```
+
+## Phase 2: Build Z3 in Debug Mode with Seq Tracing
+
+Build Z3 with debug symbols so that tracing and timing data are meaningful.
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p /tmp/z3-build
+cd /tmp/z3-build
+cmake "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" \
+  -G Ninja \
+  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
+  -DZ3_BUILD_TEST_EXECUTABLES=OFF \
+  2>&1 | tee /tmp/z3-cmake.log
+ninja z3 2>&1 | tee /tmp/z3-build.log
+```
+
+Verify the binary was built:
+
+```bash
+/tmp/z3-build/z3 --version
+```
+
+If the build fails, report it immediately and stop.
+
+## Phase 3: Discover QF_S Benchmark Files
+
+Find all `.smt2` benchmark files in the workspace that belong to the QF_S logic:
+
+```bash
+# Search for explicit QF_S logic declarations
+grep -rl 'QF_S' "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" --include='*.smt2' 2>/dev/null > /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+
+# Also look in dedicated benchmark directories
+find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" \
+  \( -path "*/QF_S/*" -o -path "*/qf_s/*" -o -path "*/benchmarks/*" \) \
+  -name '*.smt2' 2>/dev/null >> /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+
+# Deduplicate
+sort -u /tmp/qf_s_files.txt -o /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+
+TOTAL=$(wc -l < /tmp/qf_s_files.txt)
+echo "Found $TOTAL QF_S benchmark files"
+head -20 /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+```
+
+If fewer than 5 files are found, also scan the entire workspace for any `.smt2` file that exercises string constraints:
+
+```bash
+if [ "$TOTAL" -lt 5 ]; then
+  grep -rl 'declare.*String\|str\.\|seq\.' "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" \
+    --include='*.smt2' 2>/dev/null >> /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+  sort -u /tmp/qf_s_files.txt -o /tmp/qf_s_files.txt
+  TOTAL=$(wc -l < /tmp/qf_s_files.txt)
+  echo "After extended search: $TOTAL files"
+fi
+```
+
+Cap the benchmark set to keep total runtime under 60 minutes:
+
+```bash
+# Use at most 500 files; take a random sample if more are available
+if [ "$TOTAL" -gt 500 ]; then
+  shuf -n 500 /tmp/qf_s_files.txt > /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt
+else
+  cp /tmp/qf_s_files.txt /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt
+fi
+SAMPLE=$(wc -l < /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt)
+echo "Running benchmarks on $SAMPLE files"
+```
+
+## Phase 4: Run Benchmarks — seq vs nseq
+
+Run each benchmark with both solvers. Use a per-file timeout of 10 seconds. Set Z3's internal timeout to 9 seconds so it exits cleanly before the shell timeout fires.
+
+```bash
+Z3=/tmp/z3-build/z3
+TIMEOUT_SEC=10
+Z3_TIMEOUT_SEC=9
+RESULTS=/tmp/benchmark-results.csv
+
+echo "file,seq_result,seq_time_ms,nseq_result,nseq_time_ms" > "$RESULTS"
+
+total=0
+done_count=0
+while IFS= read -r smt_file; do
+  total=$((total + 1))
+
+  # Run with seq solver; capture both stdout (z3 output) and stderr (time output)
+  SEQ_OUT=$({ time timeout "$TIMEOUT_SEC" "$Z3" \
+    smt.string_solver=seq \
+    -T:"$Z3_TIMEOUT_SEC" \
+    "$smt_file" 2>/dev/null; } 2>&1)
+  SEQ_RESULT=$(echo "$SEQ_OUT" | grep -E '^(sat|unsat|unknown)' | head -1)
+  SEQ_MS=$(echo "$SEQ_OUT" | grep real | awk '{split($2,a,"m"); split(a[2],b,"s"); printf "%d", (a[1]*60+b[1])*1000}')
+  [ -z "$SEQ_RESULT" ] && SEQ_RESULT="timeout"
+  [ -z "$SEQ_MS" ] && SEQ_MS=$((TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000))
+
+  # Run with nseq solver; same structure
+  NSEQ_OUT=$({ time timeout "$TIMEOUT_SEC" "$Z3" \
+    smt.string_solver=nseq \
+    -T:"$Z3_TIMEOUT_SEC" \
+    "$smt_file" 2>/dev/null; } 2>&1)
+  NSEQ_RESULT=$(echo "$NSEQ_OUT" | grep -E '^(sat|unsat|unknown)' | head -1)
+  NSEQ_MS=$(echo "$NSEQ_OUT" | grep real | awk '{split($2,a,"m"); split(a[2],b,"s"); printf "%d", (a[1]*60+b[1])*1000}')
+  [ -z "$NSEQ_RESULT" ] && NSEQ_RESULT="timeout"
+  [ -z "$NSEQ_MS" ] && NSEQ_MS=$((TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000))
+
+  SHORT=$(basename "$smt_file")
+  echo "$SHORT,$SEQ_RESULT,$SEQ_MS,$NSEQ_RESULT,$NSEQ_MS" >> "$RESULTS"
+
+  done_count=$((done_count + 1))
+  if [ $((done_count % 50)) -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "Progress: $done_count / $SAMPLE files completed"
+  fi
+done < /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt
+
+echo "Benchmark run complete: $done_count files"
+```
+
+## Phase 5: Collect Seq Traces for Interesting Cases
+
+For benchmarks where `seq` solves in under 2 s but `nseq` times out (seq-fast/nseq-slow cases), collect a brief `seq` trace to understand what algorithm is used:
+
+```bash
+Z3=/tmp/z3-build/z3
+mkdir -p /tmp/traces
+
+# Find seq-fast / nseq-slow files: seq solved (sat/unsat) in <2000ms AND nseq timed out
+awk -F, 'NR>1 && ($2=="sat"||$2=="unsat") && $3<2000 && $4=="timeout" {print $1}' \
+  /tmp/benchmark-results.csv > /tmp/seq_fast_nseq_slow.txt
+echo "seq-fast / nseq-slow files: $(wc -l < /tmp/seq_fast_nseq_slow.txt)"
+
+# Collect traces for at most 5 such cases
+head -5 /tmp/seq_fast_nseq_slow.txt | while IFS= read -r short; do
+  # Find the full path
+  full=$(grep "/$short$" /tmp/qf_s_sample.txt | head -1)
+  [ -z "$full" ] && continue
+  timeout 5 "$Z3" \
+    smt.string_solver=seq \
+    -tr:seq \
+    -T:5 \
+    "$full" > "/tmp/traces/${short%.smt2}.seq.trace" 2>&1 || true
+done
+```
+
+## Phase 6: Analyze Results
+
+Compute summary statistics from the CSV:
+
+```bash
+Save the analysis script to a file and run it:
+
+```bash
+cat > /tmp/analyze_benchmark.py << 'PYEOF'
+import csv, sys
+
+results = []
+with open('/tmp/benchmark-results.csv') as f:
+    reader = csv.DictReader(f)
+    for row in reader:
+        results.append(row)
+
+total = len(results)
+if total == 0:
+    print("No results found.")
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+def is_correct(r, solver):
+    prefix = 'seq' if solver == 'seq' else 'nseq'
+    return r[f'{prefix}_result'] in ('sat', 'unsat')
+
+def timed_out(r, solver):
+    prefix = 'seq' if solver == 'seq' else 'nseq'
+    return r[f'{prefix}_result'] == 'timeout'
+
+seq_solved  = sum(1 for r in results if is_correct(r, 'seq'))
+nseq_solved = sum(1 for r in results if is_correct(r, 'nseq'))
+seq_to      = sum(1 for r in results if timed_out(r, 'seq'))
+nseq_to     = sum(1 for r in results if timed_out(r, 'nseq'))
+
+seq_times  = [int(r['seq_time_ms'])  for r in results if is_correct(r, 'seq')]
+nseq_times = [int(r['nseq_time_ms']) for r in results if is_correct(r, 'nseq')]
+
+def median(lst):
+    s = sorted(lst)
+    n = len(s)
+    return s[n//2] if n else 0
+
+def mean(lst):
+    return sum(lst)//len(lst) if lst else 0
+
+# Disagreements (sat vs unsat or vice-versa)
+disagreements = [
+    r for r in results
+    if r['seq_result'] in ('sat','unsat')
+    and r['nseq_result'] in ('sat','unsat')
+    and r['seq_result'] != r['nseq_result']
+]
+
+# seq-fast / nseq-slow: seq solved in <2s, nseq timed out
+seq_fast_nseq_slow = [
+    r for r in results
+    if is_correct(r, 'seq') and int(r['seq_time_ms']) < 2000 and timed_out(r, 'nseq')
+]
+# nseq-fast / seq-slow: nseq solved in <2s, seq timed out
+nseq_fast_seq_slow = [
+    r for r in results
+    if is_correct(r, 'nseq') and int(r['nseq_time_ms']) < 2000 and timed_out(r, 'seq')
+]
+
+print(f"TOTAL={total}")
+print(f"SEQ_SOLVED={seq_solved}")
+print(f"NSEQ_SOLVED={nseq_solved}")
+print(f"SEQ_TIMEOUTS={seq_to}")
+print(f"NSEQ_TIMEOUTS={nseq_to}")
+print(f"SEQ_MEDIAN_MS={median(seq_times)}")
+print(f"NSEQ_MEDIAN_MS={median(nseq_times)}")
+print(f"SEQ_MEAN_MS={mean(seq_times)}")
+print(f"NSEQ_MEAN_MS={mean(nseq_times)}")
+print(f"DISAGREEMENTS={len(disagreements)}")
+print(f"SEQ_FAST_NSEQ_SLOW={len(seq_fast_nseq_slow)}")
+print(f"NSEQ_FAST_SEQ_SLOW={len(nseq_fast_seq_slow)}")
+
+# Print top-10 slowest for nseq that seq handles fast
+print("\nTOP_SEQ_FAST_NSEQ_SLOW:")
+for r in sorted(seq_fast_nseq_slow, key=lambda x: -int(x['nseq_time_ms']))[:10]:
+    print(f"  {r['file']}  seq={r['seq_time_ms']}ms  nseq={r['nseq_time_ms']}ms  seq_result={r['seq_result']}  nseq_result={r['nseq_result']}")
+
+print("\nTOP_NSEQ_FAST_SEQ_SLOW:")
+for r in sorted(nseq_fast_seq_slow, key=lambda x: -int(x['seq_time_ms']))[:10]:
+    print(f"  {r['file']}  seq={r['seq_time_ms']}ms  nseq={r['nseq_time_ms']}ms  seq_result={r['seq_result']}  nseq_result={r['nseq_result']}")
+
+if disagreements:
+    print(f"\nDISAGREEMENTS ({len(disagreements)}):")
+    for r in disagreements[:10]:
+        print(f"  {r['file']}  seq={r['seq_result']}  nseq={r['nseq_result']}")
+PYEOF
+
+python3 /tmp/analyze_benchmark.py
+```
+
+## Phase 7: Create GitHub Discussion
+
+Use the `create_discussion` safe-output tool to post a structured benchmark report.
+
+The discussion body should be formatted as follows (fill in real numbers from Phase 6):
+
+```markdown
+# QF_S Benchmark: seq vs nseq
+
+**Date**: YYYY-MM-DD
+**Branch**: c3
+**Commit**: `<short SHA>`
+**Workflow Run**: [#<run_id>](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }})
+**Files benchmarked**: N (capped at 500, timeout 10 s per file)
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+| Metric | seq | nseq |
+|--------|-----|------|
+| Files solved (sat/unsat) | SEQ_SOLVED | NSEQ_SOLVED |
+| Timeouts | SEQ_TO | NSEQ_TO |
+| Median solve time (solved files) | X ms | Y ms |
+| Mean solve time (solved files) | X ms | Y ms |
+| **Disagreements (sat≠unsat)** | — | N |
+
+---
+
+## Performance Comparison
+
+### seq-fast / nseq-slow (seq < 2 s, nseq timed out)
+
+These are benchmarks where the classical `seq` solver is significantly faster. These represent regression risk for `nseq`.
+
+| File | seq (ms) | nseq (ms) | seq result | nseq result |
+|------|----------|-----------|------------|-------------|
+[TOP 10 ENTRIES]
+
+### nseq-fast / seq-slow (nseq < 2 s, seq timed out)
+
+These are benchmarks where `nseq` shows a performance advantage.
+
+| File | seq (ms) | nseq (ms) | seq result | nseq result |
+|------|----------|-----------|------------|-------------|
+[TOP 10 ENTRIES]
+
+---
+
+## Correctness
+
+**Disagreements** (files where seq says `sat` but nseq says `unsat` or vice versa): N
+
+[If disagreements exist, list all of them here with file paths and both results]
+
+---
+
+## seq Trace Analysis (seq-fast / nseq-slow cases)
+
+<details>
+<summary>Click to expand trace snippets for top seq-fast/nseq-slow cases</summary>
+
+[Insert trace snippet for each traced file, or "No traces collected" if section was skipped]
+
+</details>
+
+---
+
+## Raw Data
+
+<details>
+<summary>Full results CSV (click to expand)</summary>
+
+```csv
+[PASTE FIRST 200 LINES OF /tmp/benchmark-results.csv]
+```
+
+</details>
+
+---
+
+*Generated by the QF_S Benchmark workflow. To reproduce: build Z3 from the `c3` branch and run `z3 smt.string_solver=seq|nseq -T:10 <file.smt2>`.*
+```
+
+## Edge Cases
+
+- If the build fails, call `missing_data` explaining the build error and stop.
+- If no benchmark files are found at all, call `missing_data` explaining that no QF_S `.smt2` files were found in the `c3` branch.
+- If Z3 crashes (segfault) on a file with either solver, record the result as `crash` and continue.
+- If the total benchmark set is very small (< 5 files), note this prominently in the discussion and suggest adding more QF_S benchmarks to the `c3` branch.
+- If zero disagreements and both solvers time out on the same files, note that the solvers are in agreement.
+
+## Important Notes
+
+- **DO NOT** modify any source files or create pull requests.
+- **DO NOT** run benchmarks for longer than 80 minutes total (leave buffer for posting).
+- **DO** always report the commit SHA so results can be correlated with specific code versions.
+- **DO** close older ZIPT Benchmark discussions automatically (configured via `close-older-discussions: true`).
+- **DO** highlight disagreements prominently — these are potential correctness bugs.
diff --git a/cmake/check_link_atomic.cmake b/cmake/check_link_atomic.cmake
index d462191a0b..aef5cd63fe 100644
--- a/cmake/check_link_atomic.cmake
+++ b/cmake/check_link_atomic.cmake
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+if (EMSCRIPTEN OR Z3_SINGLE_THREADED)
+  # Emscripten (Pyodide/WASM) and single-threaded builds do not use
+  # libatomic; skip the check to avoid a spurious configure failure.
+  message(STATUS "Skipping std::atomic link check (EMSCRIPTEN or Z3_SINGLE_THREADED)")
+else()
 set(ATOMIC_TEST_SOURCE "
 #include <atomic>
 std::atomic<int> x;
@@ -21,3 +26,4 @@ if (NOT BUILTIN_ATOMIC)
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Host compiler must support std::atomic!")
   endif()
 endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/cmake/compiler_warnings.cmake b/cmake/compiler_warnings.cmake
index ddd96c047d..9e11d9082b 100644
--- a/cmake/compiler_warnings.cmake
+++ b/cmake/compiler_warnings.cmake
@@ -9,10 +9,24 @@ set(GCC_ONLY_WARNINGS "")
 # Disable C++98 compatibility warnings to prevent excessive warning output
 # when building with clang-cl or when -Weverything is enabled.
 # These warnings are not useful for Z3 since it requires C++20.
+#
+# The "-Wno-zero-length-array" is for cases where Z3 is fetched by a CMake build
+# to serve as a component in another system.  Z3 has many classes whose last member
+# is a zero-length array of some type T, indicating a variable-length array of T.
+# If the including system compiles with "-Wzero-length-array", there will be
+# many warnings.  Overriding this prevents such warnings in the Z3 portion of the
+# build of the including system.
 set(CLANG_ONLY_WARNINGS
   "-Wno-c++98-compat"
   "-Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic"
+  "-Wno-zero-length-array"
+  "-Wc99-extensions"
+  "-Wsuggest-override"
+  "-Winconsistent-missing-override"
+  "-Wno-missing-field-initializers"
+  "-Wcast-qual"
 )
+
 set(MSVC_WARNINGS "/W3")
 
 ################################################################################
diff --git a/cmake/modules/FindDotnet.cmake b/cmake/modules/FindDotnet.cmake
index c73cbd605c..ccaf24eb83 100644
--- a/cmake/modules/FindDotnet.cmake
+++ b/cmake/modules/FindDotnet.cmake
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ FUNCTION(DOTNET_GET_DEPS _DN_PROJECT arguments)
     ENDIF()
 
     IF(_DN_NETCOREAPP)
-        SET(_DN_BUILD_OPTIONS -f netcoreapp2.0)
-        SET(_DN_PACK_OPTIONS /p:TargetFrameworks=netcoreapp2.0)
+        SET(_DN_BUILD_OPTIONS -f net8.0)
+        SET(_DN_PACK_OPTIONS /p:TargetFrameworks=net8.0)
     ELSEIF(UNIX)
         # Unix builds default to netstandard2.0
         SET(_DN_BUILD_OPTIONS -f netstandard2.0)
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ FUNCTION(RUN_DOTNET DOTNET_PROJECT)
         COMMAND ${DOTNET_EXE} clean ${DOTNET_PROJPATH} ${DOTNET_BUILD_PROPERTIES}
         COMMAND ${DOTNET_EXE} build --no-restore ${DOTNET_PROJPATH} -c ${DOTNET_CONFIG} ${DOTNET_BUILD_PROPERTIES} ${DOTNET_BUILD_OPTIONS}
         # XXX tfm
-        COMMAND ${DOTNET_EXE} ${DOTNET_OUTPUT_PATH}/netcoreapp2.0/${DOTNET_PROJNAME}.dll ${DOTNET_ARGUMENTS}
+        COMMAND ${DOTNET_EXE} ${DOTNET_OUTPUT_PATH}/net8.0/${DOTNET_PROJNAME}.dll ${DOTNET_ARGUMENTS}
         COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E touch ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${DOTNET_PROJNAME}.runtimestamp
         WORKING_DIRECTORY ${DOTNET_OUTPUT_PATH})
     ADD_CUSTOM_TARGET(
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ FUNCTION(TEST_DOTNET DOTNET_PROJECT)
     IF(WIN32)
         SET(test_framework_args "")
     ELSE()
-        SET(test_framework_args -f netcoreapp2.0)
+        SET(test_framework_args -f net8.0)
     ENDIF()
 
     ADD_TEST(NAME              ${DOTNET_PROJNAME}
diff --git a/cmake/z3_add_component.cmake b/cmake/z3_add_component.cmake
index 962b02f684..e3dc2dd80c 100644
--- a/cmake/z3_add_component.cmake
+++ b/cmake/z3_add_component.cmake
@@ -273,7 +273,19 @@ macro(z3_add_install_tactic_rule)
   unset(_component_tactic_header_files)
 
   string(REPLACE ";" "\n" _tactic_header_files "${_tactic_header_files}")
-  file(WRITE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/install_tactic.deps" ${_tactic_header_files})
+  # Only write the deps file if content has changed to avoid unnecessary rebuilds
+  # (file(WRITE) always updates the timestamp even if content is unchanged)
+  set(_install_tactic_deps_file "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/install_tactic.deps")
+  if (EXISTS "${_install_tactic_deps_file}")
+    file(READ "${_install_tactic_deps_file}" _install_tactic_deps_old)
+  else()
+    set(_install_tactic_deps_old "")
+  endif()
+  if (NOT _install_tactic_deps_old STREQUAL "${_tactic_header_files}")
+    file(WRITE "${_install_tactic_deps_file}" "${_tactic_header_files}")
+  endif()
+  unset(_install_tactic_deps_old)
+  unset(_install_tactic_deps_file)
   add_custom_command(OUTPUT "install_tactic.cpp"
     COMMAND "${Python3_EXECUTABLE}"
     "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/mk_install_tactic_cpp.py"
diff --git a/doc/mk_api_doc.py b/doc/mk_api_doc.py
index ae3d6c9315..d27cee3684 100644
--- a/doc/mk_api_doc.py
+++ b/doc/mk_api_doc.py
@@ -464,95 +464,9 @@ try:
         print("Generated Javascript documentation.")
 
     if GO_ENABLED:
-        go_output_dir = os.path.join(OUTPUT_DIRECTORY, 'html', 'go')
-        mk_dir(go_output_dir)
-        go_api_abs_path = os.path.abspath(GO_API_PATH)
-        
-        # Check if godoc is available
-        godoc_available = False
-        try:
-            subprocess.check_output(['go', 'version'], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-            godoc_available = True
-        except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError):
-            print("WARNING: Go is not installed. Skipping godoc generation.")
-            godoc_available = False
-        
-        if godoc_available:
-            # Generate godoc HTML for each Go file
-            go_files = [
-                'z3.go', 'solver.go', 'tactic.go', 'bitvec.go', 
-                'fp.go', 'seq.go', 'datatype.go', 'optimize.go'
-            ]
-            
-            # Create a simple HTML index
-            index_html = os.path.join(go_output_dir, 'index.html')
-            with open(index_html, 'w') as f:
-                f.write('<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n')
-                f.write('<title>Z3 Go API Documentation</title>\n')
-                f.write('<style>\n')
-                f.write('body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 40px; }\n')
-                f.write('h1 { color: #333; }\n')
-                f.write('ul { list-style-type: none; padding: 0; }\n')
-                f.write('li { margin: 10px 0; }\n')
-                f.write('a { color: #0066cc; text-decoration: none; font-size: 18px; }\n')
-                f.write('a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\n')
-                f.write('.description { color: #666; margin-left: 20px; }\n')
-                f.write('</style>\n')
-                f.write('</head>\n<body>\n')
-                f.write('<h1>Z3 Go API Documentation</h1>\n')
-                f.write('<p>Go bindings for the Z3 Theorem Prover.</p>\n')
-                f.write('<h2>Package: github.com/Z3Prover/z3/src/api/go</h2>\n')
-                f.write('<ul>\n')
-                
-                # Add links to the README
-                readme_path = os.path.join(go_api_abs_path, 'README.md')
-                if os.path.exists(readme_path):
-                    # Copy README as index documentation
-                    readme_html_path = os.path.join(go_output_dir, 'README.html')
-                    try:
-                        # Try to convert markdown to HTML if markdown module is available
-                        with open(readme_path, 'r') as rf:
-                            readme_content = rf.read()
-                        with open(readme_html_path, 'w') as wf:
-                            wf.write('<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n')
-                            wf.write('<title>Z3 Go API - README</title>\n')
-                            wf.write('<style>body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 40px; max-width: 900px; }</style>\n')
-                            wf.write('</head>\n<body>\n<pre>\n')
-                            wf.write(readme_content)
-                            wf.write('</pre>\n</body>\n</html>\n')
-                        f.write('<li><a href="README.html">README - Getting Started</a></li>\n')
-                    except Exception as e:
-                        print(f"Warning: Could not process README.md: {e}")
-                
-                # Add module descriptions
-                f.write('<li><a href="#core">z3.go</a> - Core types (Context, Config, Symbol, Sort, Expr, FuncDecl)</li>\n')
-                f.write('<li><a href="#solver">solver.go</a> - Solver and Model API</li>\n')
-                f.write('<li><a href="#tactic">tactic.go</a> - Tactics, Goals, Probes, and Parameters</li>\n')
-                f.write('<li><a href="#bitvec">bitvec.go</a> - Bit-vector operations</li>\n')
-                f.write('<li><a href="#fp">fp.go</a> - Floating-point operations</li>\n')
-                f.write('<li><a href="#seq">seq.go</a> - Sequences, strings, and regular expressions</li>\n')
-                f.write('<li><a href="#datatype">datatype.go</a> - Algebraic datatypes, tuples, enumerations</li>\n')
-                f.write('<li><a href="#optimize">optimize.go</a> - Optimization with maximize/minimize objectives</li>\n')
-                f.write('</ul>\n')
-                
-                f.write('<h2>Usage</h2>\n')
-                f.write('<pre>\n')
-                f.write('import "github.com/Z3Prover/z3/src/api/go"\n\n')
-                f.write('ctx := z3.NewContext()\n')
-                f.write('solver := ctx.NewSolver()\n')
-                f.write('x := ctx.MkIntConst("x")\n')
-                f.write('solver.Assert(ctx.MkGt(x, ctx.MkInt(0, ctx.MkIntSort())))\n')
-                f.write('if solver.Check() == z3.Satisfiable {\n')
-                f.write('    fmt.Println("sat")\n')
-                f.write('}\n')
-                f.write('</pre>\n')
-                
-                f.write('<h2>Installation</h2>\n')
-                f.write('<p>See <a href="README.html">README</a> for build instructions.</p>\n')
-                f.write('<p>Go back to <a href="../index.html">main API documentation</a>.</p>\n')
-                f.write('</body>\n</html>\n')
-            
-            print("Generated Go documentation.")
+        # Go documentation is generated by mk_go_doc.py separately and downloaded as an artifact
+        # We just need to register that it exists for the link in the index
+        print("Go documentation link will be included in index.")
 
     print("Documentation was successfully generated at subdirectory '{}'.".format(OUTPUT_DIRECTORY))
 except Exception:
diff --git a/examples/dotnet/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/dotnet/CMakeLists.txt
index b07ae42196..98398f9453 100644
--- a/examples/dotnet/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/dotnet/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
 
     add_custom_target(
         z3_dotnet_test_manual_copy_assembly_hack ALL
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${z3_dotnet_test_manual_copy_deps} ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/dotnet/netcoreapp2.0/
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${z3_dotnet_test_manual_copy_deps} ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/dotnet/net8.0/
         # hack the libz3 entry in deps so it's easy enough for dotnet to reach it...
-        COMMAND sed \"s/runtimes\\/.*libz3\\.so/libz3.so/\" -i ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/dotnet/netcoreapp2.0/dotnet.deps.json
+        COMMAND sed \"s/runtimes\\/.*libz3\\.so/libz3.so/\" -i ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/dotnet/net8.0/dotnet.deps.json
         )
 
     add_dependencies(z3_dotnet_test_manual_copy_assembly_hack BUILD_dotnet)
diff --git a/examples/dotnet/dotnet.csproj b/examples/dotnet/dotnet.csproj
index 7776259ead..2084e36786 100644
--- a/examples/dotnet/dotnet.csproj
+++ b/examples/dotnet/dotnet.csproj
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/examples/java/JavaExample.java b/examples/java/JavaExample.java
index a27a607219..c999a74d87 100644
--- a/examples/java/JavaExample.java
+++ b/examples/java/JavaExample.java
@@ -2277,6 +2277,200 @@ class JavaExample
 	
     }    
 
+    void numeralDoubleExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("NumeralDoubleExample");
+        Log.append("NumeralDoubleExample");
+
+        IntNum n42 = ctx.mkInt(42);
+        if (n42.getNumeralDouble() != 42.0)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        RatNum half = ctx.mkReal(1, 2);
+        if (Math.abs(half.getNumeralDouble() - 0.5) > 1e-10)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("NumeralDoubleExample passed.");
+    }
+
+    void unsignedNumeralExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("UnsignedNumeralExample");
+        Log.append("UnsignedNumeralExample");
+
+        IntNum n100 = ctx.mkInt(100);
+        if (n100.getUint() != 100)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        IntNum big = ctx.mkInt(3000000000L);
+        if (big.getUint64() != 3000000000L)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("UnsignedNumeralExample passed.");
+    }
+
+    void rationalExtractionExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("RationalExtractionExample");
+        Log.append("RationalExtractionExample");
+
+        RatNum r34 = ctx.mkReal(3, 4);
+
+        // getSmall returns [numerator, denominator]
+        long[] small = r34.getSmall();
+        if (small[0] != 3 || small[1] != 4)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // getRationalInt64 returns [numerator, denominator] or null
+        long[] ri64 = r34.getRationalInt64();
+        if (ri64 == null || ri64[0] != 3 || ri64[1] != 4)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // integer as rational: 7/1
+        RatNum r71 = ctx.mkReal(7, 1);
+        long[] small71 = r71.getSmall();
+        if (small71[0] != 7 || small71[1] != 1)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("RationalExtractionExample passed.");
+    }
+
+    void isGroundExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("IsGroundExample");
+        Log.append("IsGroundExample");
+
+        // a constant integer is ground
+        IntExpr five = ctx.mkInt(5);
+        if (!five.isGround())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // an uninterpreted constant is also ground (no bound variables)
+        IntExpr x = ctx.mkIntConst("x");
+        if (!x.isGround())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // an addition of constants is ground
+        Expr sum = ctx.mkAdd(ctx.mkInt(1), ctx.mkInt(2));
+        if (!sum.isGround())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("IsGroundExample passed.");
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    void astDepthExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("AstDepthExample");
+        Log.append("AstDepthExample");
+
+        // a plain integer constant has depth 1
+        IntExpr five = ctx.mkInt(5);
+        if (five.getDepth() != 1)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // (x + 1) should have depth 2
+        IntExpr x = ctx.mkIntConst("x");
+        Expr sum = ctx.mkAdd(x, ctx.mkInt(1));
+        if (sum.getDepth() != 2)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // nested: (x + 1) * y should have depth 3
+        IntExpr y = ctx.mkIntConst("y");
+        Expr prod = ctx.mkMul(sum, y);
+        if (prod.getDepth() != 3)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("AstDepthExample passed.");
+    }
+
+    void arrayArityExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("ArrayArityExample");
+        Log.append("ArrayArityExample");
+
+        // Array Int -> Int has arity 1
+        ArraySort<IntSort, IntSort> arr1 = ctx.mkArraySort(ctx.getIntSort(), ctx.getIntSort());
+        if (arr1.getArity() != 1)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // Array (Int, Bool) -> Int has arity 2
+        ArraySort arr2 = ctx.mkArraySort(new Sort[]{ctx.getIntSort(), ctx.getBoolSort()}, ctx.getIntSort());
+        if (arr2.getArity() != 2)
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("ArrayArityExample passed.");
+    }
+
+    void recursiveDatatypeExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("RecursiveDatatypeExample");
+        Log.append("RecursiveDatatypeExample");
+
+        // a list sort is recursive (cons refers back to the list)
+        Constructor<Sort> nil = ctx.mkConstructor("nil", "is_nil", null, null, null);
+        Constructor<Sort> cons = ctx.mkConstructor("cons", "is_cons",
+                new String[]{"head", "tail"},
+                new Sort[]{ctx.getIntSort(), null},
+                new int[]{0, 0});
+        DatatypeSort<Sort> intList = ctx.mkDatatypeSort("intlist", new Constructor[]{nil, cons});
+        if (!intList.isRecursive())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // a simple pair sort is not recursive
+        Constructor<Sort> mkPair = ctx.mkConstructor("mkpair", "is_pair",
+                new String[]{"fst", "snd"},
+                new Sort[]{ctx.getIntSort(), ctx.getBoolSort()},
+                null);
+        DatatypeSort<Sort> pair = ctx.mkDatatypeSort("Pair", new Constructor[]{mkPair});
+        if (pair.isRecursive())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("RecursiveDatatypeExample passed.");
+    }
+
+    void fpNumeralExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("FpNumeralExample");
+        Log.append("FpNumeralExample");
+
+        FPSort fpsort = ctx.mkFPSort32();
+
+        // a floating point numeral
+        FPExpr fpval = (FPExpr) ctx.mkFP(3.14, fpsort);
+        if (!fpval.isNumeral())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // a symbolic FP variable is not a numeral
+        FPExpr fpvar = (FPExpr) ctx.mkConst("fpx", fpsort);
+        if (fpvar.isNumeral())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("FpNumeralExample passed.");
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    void isLambdaExample(Context ctx) throws TestFailedException
+    {
+        System.out.println("IsLambdaExample");
+        Log.append("IsLambdaExample");
+
+        // build lambda x : Int . x + 1
+        IntExpr x = (IntExpr) ctx.mkBound(0, ctx.getIntSort());
+        Expr body = ctx.mkAdd(x, ctx.mkInt(1));
+        Expr lam = ctx.mkLambda(new Sort[]{ctx.getIntSort()},
+                new Symbol[]{ctx.mkSymbol("x")}, body);
+        if (!lam.isLambda())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        // a regular expression is not a lambda
+        IntExpr y = ctx.mkIntConst("y");
+        if (y.isLambda())
+            throw new TestFailedException();
+
+        System.out.println("IsLambdaExample passed.");
+    }
+
     public static void main(String[] args)
     {
         JavaExample p = new JavaExample();
@@ -2328,6 +2522,15 @@ class JavaExample
                 p.finiteDomainExample(ctx);
                 p.floatingPointExample1(ctx);
                 // core dumps: p.floatingPointExample2(ctx);
+                p.numeralDoubleExample(ctx);
+                p.unsignedNumeralExample(ctx);
+                p.rationalExtractionExample(ctx);
+                p.isGroundExample(ctx);
+                p.astDepthExample(ctx);
+                p.arrayArityExample(ctx);
+                p.recursiveDatatypeExample(ctx);
+                p.fpNumeralExample(ctx);
+                p.isLambdaExample(ctx);
             }
 
             { // These examples need proof generation turned on.
diff --git a/examples/python/bincover.py b/examples/python/bincover.py
index d8a81c25a8..72b7699823 100644
--- a/examples/python/bincover.py
+++ b/examples/python/bincover.py
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class BinCoverSolver(UserPropagateBase):
         assert isinstance(value, BitVecNumRef)
         bin_index = value.as_long()
         if bin_index >= len(self.bins):
-            return NOne
+            return None
         return self.bins[bin_index]
 
     def _add_item2bin(self, item, bin):
diff --git a/examples/python/complex/complex.py b/examples/python/complex/complex.py
index aa9adeef84..051641808c 100644
--- a/examples/python/complex/complex.py
+++ b/examples/python/complex/complex.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ComplexExpr:
         other = _to_complex(other)
         return And(self.r == other.r, self.i == other.i)
 
-    def __neq__(self, other):
+    def __ne__(self, other):
         return Not(self.__eq__(other))
 
     def simplify(self):
diff --git a/examples/python/mini_ic3.py b/examples/python/mini_ic3.py
index 31d3c595be..13056d3853 100644
--- a/examples/python/mini_ic3.py
+++ b/examples/python/mini_ic3.py
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ class Horn2Transitions:
         pred, inv0 = self.is_body(body)
         if pred is None:
             return False
+        if inv0 is None:
+            return False
         inv1 = self.is_inv(head)
         if inv1 is None:
             return False
@@ -335,7 +337,7 @@ class MiniIC3:
         s = self.states[f - 1].solver
         if unsat == s.check(cube):
             core = s.unsat_core()
-            if not check_disjoint(self.init, self.prev(And(core))):
+            if len(core) > 0 and check_disjoint(self.init, self.prev(And(core))):
                 return core, f
         return cube, f
 
diff --git a/examples/python/mini_quip.py b/examples/python/mini_quip.py
index a10d5a3345..d25abe9afb 100644
--- a/examples/python/mini_quip.py
+++ b/examples/python/mini_quip.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import heapq
 import numpy
 import time
 import random
+import sys
+import copy
 
 verbose = True
 
@@ -78,6 +80,8 @@ class Horn2Transitions:
         pred, inv0 = self.is_body(body)
         if pred is None:
             return False
+        if inv0 is None:
+            return False
         inv1 = self.is_inv(head)
         if inv1 is None:
             return False
@@ -349,12 +353,12 @@ class Quip:
     def next(self, f):
         if is_seq(f):
            return [self.next(f1) for f1 in f]
-        return substitute(f, zip(self.x0, self.xn))
+        return substitute(f, list(zip(self.x0, self.xn)))
 
     def prev(self, f):
         if is_seq(f):
            return [self.prev(f1) for f1 in f]
-        return substitute(f, zip(self.xn, self.x0))
+        return substitute(f, list(zip(self.xn, self.x0)))
 
     def add_solver(self):
         s = fd_solver()
@@ -423,7 +427,8 @@ class Quip:
             s.push()
             r = self.reachable.state2cube(state)
             s.add(And(self.prev(r)))
-            s.add(self.prev(cube))
+            if len(cube) > 0:
+                s.add(And(self.prev(list(cube))))
             is_sat = s.check()
             s.pop()
             if is_sat == sat:
@@ -441,7 +446,7 @@ class Quip:
         s = self.states[f - 1].solver
         if unsat == s.check(cube):
             core = s.unsat_core()
-            if self.check_reachable(core):
+            if len(core) > 0 and self.check_reachable(core):
                 return core, f
         return cube, f
 
@@ -454,8 +459,8 @@ class Quip:
         for state in self.reachable.states:
             s.push()
             s.add(And(self.next(self.reachable.state2cube(state))))
-            print self.reachable.state2cube(state)
-            print s.check()
+            print(self.reachable.state2cube(state))
+            print(s.check())
             s.pop()
 
     def lemmas(self, level):
@@ -553,7 +558,7 @@ class Quip:
                     s.add(self.init)
                     s.add(self.prev(g.cube))
                     # since init is a complete assignment, so g.cube must equal to init in sat solver
-                    assert is_sat == s.check()
+                    assert sat == s.check()
                     if verbose:
                         print("")
                     return g
@@ -564,7 +569,7 @@ class Quip:
             if r0 is not None:
                 if g.must:
                     if verbose:
-                        print ""
+                        print("")
                     s = fd_solver()
                     s.add(self.trans)
                     # make it as a concrete reachable state
@@ -573,9 +578,16 @@ class Quip:
                     while True:
                         is_sat = s.check(self.next(g.cube))
                         assert is_sat == sat
-                        r = self.next(self.project0(s.model()))
+                        m = s.model()
+                        r = self.next(self.project0(m))
                         r = self.reachable.intersect(self.prev(r))
-                        child = QGoal(self.next(r.children()), g, 0, g.must, 0)
+                        if r is None:
+                            # reachable intersect failed: fall back to the raw
+                            # model projection so we still get a concrete
+                            # predecessor and avoid crashing on r.children()
+                            child = QGoal(self.next(self.project0(m)), g, 0, g.must, 0)
+                        else:
+                            child = QGoal(self.next(r.children()), g, 0, g.must, 0)
                         g = child
                         if not check_disjoint(self.init, self.prev(g.cube)):
                             # g is init, break the loop
@@ -596,7 +608,7 @@ class Quip:
                 for l in self.frames[f_1]:
                     if not l.bad and len(l.cube) > 0 and set(l.cube).issubset(g.cube):
                         cube = l.cube
-                        is_sat == unsat
+                        is_sat = unsat
                         break
                 f_1 -= 1
             if cube is None:
@@ -707,7 +719,7 @@ def test(file):
     h2t = Horn2Transitions()
     h2t.parse(file)
     if verbose:
-        print("Test file: %s") % file
+        print("Test file: %s" % file)
     mp = Quip(h2t.init, h2t.trans, h2t.goal, h2t.xs, h2t.inputs, h2t.xns)
     start_time = time.time()
     result = mp.run()
@@ -744,7 +756,7 @@ def validate(var, result, trans):
             s.pop()
             g = g.parent
         if verbose:
-            print "--- validation succeed ----"
+            print("--- validation succeed ----")
         return
     if isinstance(result, ExprRef):
         inv = result
@@ -762,7 +774,7 @@ def validate(var, result, trans):
             # too many steps to reach invariant
             if step > 1000:
                 if verbose:
-                    print "--- validation failed --"
+                    print("--- validation failed --")
                 return
             if not check_disjoint(var.prev(cube), var.prev(inv)):
                 # reach invariant
@@ -773,7 +785,7 @@ def validate(var, result, trans):
             cube = var.projectN(s.model())
             s.pop()
         if verbose:
-            print "--- validation succeed ----"
+            print("--- validation succeed ----")
         return
 
 
diff --git a/scripts/VERSION.txt b/scripts/VERSION.txt
index 88c137b163..e7887e717e 100644
--- a/scripts/VERSION.txt
+++ b/scripts/VERSION.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-4.16.0.0
+4.17.1.0
diff --git a/scripts/mk_genfile_common.py b/scripts/mk_genfile_common.py
index 3be314a53b..e5f33aa536 100644
--- a/scripts/mk_genfile_common.py
+++ b/scripts/mk_genfile_common.py
@@ -58,12 +58,17 @@ def sorted_headers_by_component(l):
         _logger.debug("get_key({})".format(path))
         path_components = []
         stripped_path = path
-        assert 'src' in stripped_path.split(os.path.sep) or 'src' in stripped_path.split('/')
+        if not ('src' in stripped_path.split(os.path.sep) or 'src' in stripped_path.split('/')):
+            raise ValueError(f"Path '{path}' does not contain 'src' directory component")
         # Keep stripping off directory components until we hit ``src``
         while os.path.basename(stripped_path) != 'src':
             path_components.append(os.path.basename(stripped_path))
             stripped_path = os.path.dirname(stripped_path)
-        assert len(path_components) > 0
+            # Prevent infinite loop if 'src' is never found
+            if not stripped_path or stripped_path == os.path.dirname(stripped_path):
+                raise ValueError(f"Could not find 'src' directory in path '{path}'")
+        if len(path_components) == 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Path '{path}' has no components after 'src' directory")
         path_components.reverse()
         # For consistency across platforms use ``/`` rather than ``os.sep``.
         # This is a sorting key so it doesn't need to a platform suitable
@@ -136,9 +141,10 @@ def mk_z3consts_py_internal(api_files, output_dir):
                     decls = {}
                     idx   = 0
                 else:
-                    assert False, "Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum)
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum))
             else:
-                assert mode == IN_ENUM
+                if mode != IN_ENUM:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Expected IN_ENUM mode, got mode {mode} in {api_file}, line: {linenum}")
                 words = re.split('[^-a-zA-Z0-9_]+', line)
                 m = closebrace_pat.match(line)
                 if m:
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ def mk_z3consts_py_internal(api_files, output_dir):
                     z3consts.write('\n')
                     mode = SEARCHING
                 elif len(words) <= 2:
-                    assert False, "Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum)
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum))
                 else:
                     if words[2] != '':
                         if len(words[2]) > 1 and words[2][1] == 'x':
@@ -224,9 +230,10 @@ def mk_z3consts_dotnet_internal(api_files, output_dir):
                     decls = {}
                     idx   = 0
                 else:
-                    assert False, "Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum)
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum))
             else:
-                assert mode == IN_ENUM
+                if mode != IN_ENUM:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Expected IN_ENUM mode, got mode {mode} in {api_file}, line: {linenum}")
                 words = re.split('[^-a-zA-Z0-9_]+', line)
                 m = closebrace_pat.match(line)
                 if m:
@@ -241,7 +248,7 @@ def mk_z3consts_dotnet_internal(api_files, output_dir):
                         z3consts.write('  }\n\n')
                     mode = SEARCHING
                 elif len(words) <= 2:
-                    assert False, "Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum)
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum))
                 else:
                     if words[2] != '':
                         if len(words[2]) > 1 and words[2][1] == 'x':
@@ -312,9 +319,10 @@ def mk_z3consts_java_internal(api_files, package_name, output_dir):
                     decls = {}
                     idx   = 0
                 else:
-                    assert False, "Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum)
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum))
             else:
-                assert mode == IN_ENUM
+                if mode != IN_ENUM:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Expected IN_ENUM mode, got mode {mode} in {api_file}, line: {linenum}")
                 words = re.split('[^-a-zA-Z0-9_]+', line)
                 m = closebrace_pat.match(line)
                 if m:
@@ -438,9 +446,10 @@ def mk_z3consts_ml_internal(api_files, output_dir):
                     decls = {}
                     idx   = 0
                 else:
-                    assert False, "Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum)
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum))
             else:
-                assert mode == IN_ENUM
+                if mode != IN_ENUM:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Expected IN_ENUM mode, got mode {mode} in {api_file}, line: {linenum}")
                 words = re.split('[^-a-zA-Z0-9_]+', line)
                 m = closebrace_pat.match(line)
                 if m:
@@ -518,9 +527,10 @@ def mk_z3consts_ml_internal(api_files, output_dir):
     #                 decls = {}
     #                 idx   = 0
     #             else:
-    #                 assert False, "Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum)
+    #                 raise ValueError("Invalid %s, line: %s" % (api_file, linenum))
     #         else:
-    #             assert mode == IN_ENUM
+    #             if mode != IN_ENUM:
+    #                 raise ValueError(f"Expected IN_ENUM mode, got mode {mode} in {api_file}, line: {linenum}")
     #             words = re.split('[^\-a-zA-Z0-9_]+', line)
     #             m = closebrace_pat.match(line)
     #             if m:
@@ -610,7 +620,8 @@ def mk_gparams_register_modules_internal(h_files_full_path, path):
         This procedure is invoked by gparams::init()
     """
     assert isinstance(h_files_full_path, list)
-    assert check_dir_exists(path)
+    if not check_dir_exists(path):
+        raise ValueError(f"Output directory '{path}' does not exist")
     cmds = []    
     mod_cmds = []
     mod_descrs = []
@@ -690,7 +701,8 @@ def mk_install_tactic_cpp_internal(h_files_full_path, path):
     }
 
     assert isinstance(h_files_full_path, list)
-    assert check_dir_exists(path)
+    if not check_dir_exists(path):
+        raise ValueError(f"Output directory '{path}' does not exist")
     fullname = os.path.join(path, 'install_tactic.cpp')
     fout  = open(fullname, 'w')
     fout.write('// Automatically generated file.\n')
@@ -774,7 +786,8 @@ def mk_mem_initializer_cpp_internal(h_files_full_path, path):
        These procedures are invoked by the Z3 memory_manager
     """
     assert isinstance(h_files_full_path, list)
-    assert check_dir_exists(path)
+    if not check_dir_exists(path):
+        raise ValueError(f"Output directory '{path}' does not exist")
     initializer_cmds = []
     finalizer_cmds   = []
     fullname = os.path.join(path, 'mem_initializer.cpp')
diff --git a/scripts/mk_project.py b/scripts/mk_project.py
index 7b4d444ea2..8227473bb4 100644
--- a/scripts/mk_project.py
+++ b/scripts/mk_project.py
@@ -125,5 +125,3 @@ def init_project_def():
     add_ml_example('ml_example', 'ml')
     add_z3py_example('py_example', 'python')
     return API_files
-
-
diff --git a/scripts/mk_unix_dist.py b/scripts/mk_unix_dist.py
index 4df68d4c72..4ec98db056 100644
--- a/scripts/mk_unix_dist.py
+++ b/scripts/mk_unix_dist.py
@@ -140,6 +140,10 @@ def mk_build_dir(path):
             opts.append('--python')
         if mk_util.IS_ARCH_ARM64:
             opts.append('--arm64=true')
+        elif HOST_IS_ARM64:
+            # Explicitly disable arm64 when cross-compiling from ARM64 host to x64;
+            # without this, mk_make.py detects the ARM64 host and adds -arch arm64 flags
+            opts.append('--arm64=false')
         if mk_util.IS_ARCH_ARM64 and LINUX_X64:
             # we are on x64 machine but build for arm64
             # so we have to do cross compiling on Linux
diff --git a/scripts/mk_util.py b/scripts/mk_util.py
index aa1069a5ec..89d82303a1 100644
--- a/scripts/mk_util.py
+++ b/scripts/mk_util.py
@@ -1804,6 +1804,7 @@ class DotNetDLLComponent(Component):
     <Description>Z3 is a satisfiability modulo theories solver from Microsoft Research.</Description>
     <Copyright>Copyright Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.</Copyright>
     <PackageTags>smt constraint solver theorem prover</PackageTags>
+    <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
     %s
   </PropertyGroup>
 
@@ -1919,11 +1920,11 @@ class JavaDLLComponent(Component):
             if IS_WINDOWS: # On Windows, CL creates a .lib file to link against.
                 out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) %s$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(LIB_EXT)\n' %
                           os.path.join('api', 'java', 'Native'))
-            elif IS_OSX and IS_ARCH_ARM64:
-                out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) -arch arm64 %s$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(SO_EXT)\n' %
+            elif IS_OSX:
+                out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) %s$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(SO_EXT) -Wl,-rpath,@loader_path $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)\n' %
                           os.path.join('api', 'java', 'Native'))
             else:
-                out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) %s$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(SO_EXT)\n' %
+                out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) %s$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)\n' %
                           os.path.join('api', 'java', 'Native'))
             out.write('%s.jar: libz3java$(SO_EXT) ' % self.package_name)
             deps = ''
@@ -2317,7 +2318,7 @@ class DotNetExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
             dotnet_proj_str = r"""<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <PlatformTarget>%s</PlatformTarget>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -2756,6 +2757,11 @@ def mk_config():
             CXXFLAGS = '%s -arch arm64' % CXXFLAGS
             LDFLAGS = '%s -arch arm64' % LDFLAGS
             SLIBEXTRAFLAGS = '%s -arch arm64' % SLIBEXTRAFLAGS
+        elif IS_OSX and os.uname()[4] == 'arm64':
+            # Cross-compiling from ARM64 host to x86_64: ensure the shared library
+            # linker also targets x86_64 (LDFLAGS already contains -arch x86_64
+            # from the environment, but SLIBEXTRAFLAGS is independent)
+            SLIBEXTRAFLAGS = '%s -arch x86_64' % SLIBEXTRAFLAGS
         if IS_OSX:
             SLIBFLAGS += ' -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names'
 
@@ -3594,10 +3600,11 @@ class MakeRuleCmd(object):
 def strip_path_prefix(path, prefix):
     if path.startswith(prefix):
         stripped_path = path[len(prefix):]
-        stripped_path.replace('//','/')
-        if stripped_path[0] == '/':
+        stripped_path = stripped_path.replace('//','/')
+        if len(stripped_path) > 0 and stripped_path[0] == '/':
             stripped_path = stripped_path[1:]
-        assert not os.path.isabs(stripped_path)
+        if os.path.isabs(stripped_path):
+            raise ValueError(f"Path '{path}' after stripping prefix '{prefix}' is still absolute: '{stripped_path}'")
         return stripped_path
     else:
         return path
diff --git a/scripts/tests/test_jni_arch_flags.py b/scripts/tests/test_jni_arch_flags.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e60285eecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/tests/test_jni_arch_flags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+############################################
+# Copyright (c) 2024 Microsoft Corporation
+#
+# Unit tests for JNI architecture flags in Makefile generation.
+#
+# Regression tests for:
+#   "JNI bindings use wrong architecture in macOS cross-compilation (arm64 to x64)"
+#
+# The fix ensures that libz3java.dylib (and the JNI link step) uses
+# $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) instead of a hardcoded -arch arm64.
+# $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) is populated correctly in mk_config() for:
+#   - Native ARM64 builds:      SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS contains -arch arm64
+#   - Cross-compile to x86_64:  SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS contains -arch x86_64
+#   - Other platforms:          SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS has no -arch flag
+############################################
+import io
+import os
+import sys
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+# Add the scripts directory to the path so we can import mk_util
+_SCRIPTS_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+if _SCRIPTS_DIR not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, _SCRIPTS_DIR)
+
+import mk_util
+
+
+class TestJNIArchitectureFlagsInMakefile(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests that JavaDLLComponent.mk_makefile() generates a JNI link command
+    that uses $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) rather than hardcoding -arch arm64.
+
+    $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) is set by mk_config() to contain the correct -arch
+    flag for the TARGET architecture (not the host), so using it ensures
+    cross-compilation works correctly.
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """Save mk_util global state before each test."""
+        self._saved_components = list(mk_util._Components)
+        self._saved_names = set(mk_util._ComponentNames)
+        self._saved_name2component = dict(mk_util._Name2Component)
+        self._saved_id = mk_util._Id
+        self._saved_javac = mk_util.JAVAC
+        self._saved_jar = mk_util.JAR
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        """Restore mk_util global state after each test."""
+        mk_util._Components[:] = self._saved_components
+        mk_util._ComponentNames.clear()
+        mk_util._ComponentNames.update(self._saved_names)
+        mk_util._Name2Component.clear()
+        mk_util._Name2Component.update(self._saved_name2component)
+        mk_util._Id = self._saved_id
+        mk_util.JAVAC = self._saved_javac
+        mk_util.JAR = self._saved_jar
+
+    def _make_java_dll_component(self):
+        """
+        Create a JavaDLLComponent instance bypassing the registry check so
+        that tests remain independent of each other.
+        """
+        # Register a stub 'api' component that provides to_src_dir
+        api_stub = MagicMock()
+        api_stub.to_src_dir = '../src/api'
+        mk_util._Name2Component['api'] = api_stub
+        mk_util._ComponentNames.add('api')
+
+        # Build the component without going through the full Component.__init__
+        # registration path (which enforces uniqueness globally).
+        comp = mk_util.JavaDLLComponent.__new__(mk_util.JavaDLLComponent)
+        comp.name = 'java'
+        comp.dll_name = 'libz3java'
+        comp.package_name = 'com.microsoft.z3'
+        comp.manifest_file = None
+        comp.to_src_dir = '../src/api/java'
+        comp.src_dir = 'src/api/java'
+        comp.deps = []
+        comp.install = True
+        return comp
+
+    def _generate_makefile(self, comp, *, is_windows, is_osx, is_arch_arm64):
+        """
+        Call mk_makefile() with the given platform flags and return the
+        generated Makefile text.
+        """
+        buf = io.StringIO()
+        with patch.object(mk_util, 'JAVA_ENABLED', True), \
+             patch.object(mk_util, 'IS_WINDOWS', is_windows), \
+             patch.object(mk_util, 'IS_OSX', is_osx), \
+             patch.object(mk_util, 'IS_ARCH_ARM64', is_arch_arm64), \
+             patch.object(mk_util, 'JNI_HOME', '/path/to/jni'), \
+             patch.object(mk_util, 'JAVAC', 'javac'), \
+             patch.object(mk_util, 'JAR', 'jar'), \
+             patch.object(mk_util, 'BUILD_DIR', '/tmp/test_build'), \
+             patch('mk_util.mk_dir'), \
+             patch('mk_util.get_java_files', return_value=[]):
+            comp.mk_makefile(buf)
+        return buf.getvalue()
+
+    def _find_jni_link_lines(self, makefile_text):
+        """Return lines that contain the JNI library link command."""
+        return [
+            line for line in makefile_text.splitlines()
+            if 'libz3java$(SO_EXT)' in line and 'SLINK' in line
+        ]
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Tests for non-Windows platforms (where SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS matters)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def test_macos_arm64_native_uses_slink_extra_flags(self):
+        """
+        On native ARM64 macOS builds, the JNI link command must use
+        $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) so that the -arch arm64 flag added to
+        SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS by mk_config() is respected.
+        """
+        comp = self._make_java_dll_component()
+        text = self._generate_makefile(
+            comp, is_windows=False, is_osx=True, is_arch_arm64=True
+        )
+        link_lines = self._find_jni_link_lines(text)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            link_lines,
+            "Expected at least one JNI link line in the generated Makefile",
+        )
+        for line in link_lines:
+            self.assertIn(
+                '$(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)', line,
+                "JNI link command must use $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) so the "
+                "correct target architecture flag is applied",
+            )
+
+    def test_macos_arm64_native_no_hardcoded_arch_arm64(self):
+        """
+        The JNI link command must NOT hardcode -arch arm64.
+        Hardcoding -arch arm64 breaks cross-compilation from an ARM64 host
+        to an x86_64 target, which is the bug this fix addresses.
+        """
+        comp = self._make_java_dll_component()
+        text = self._generate_makefile(
+            comp, is_windows=False, is_osx=True, is_arch_arm64=True
+        )
+        link_lines = self._find_jni_link_lines(text)
+        self.assertTrue(link_lines, "Expected at least one JNI link line")
+        for line in link_lines:
+            self.assertNotIn(
+                '-arch arm64', line,
+                "JNI link command must not hardcode '-arch arm64'. "
+                "Use $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) instead so that cross-compilation "
+                "from ARM64 host to x86_64 target works correctly.",
+            )
+
+    def test_macos_x86_64_uses_slink_extra_flags(self):
+        """
+        When building for x86_64 on macOS (e.g. cross-compiling from ARM64
+        host), the JNI link command must still use $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) so
+        that the -arch x86_64 flag set by mk_config() is applied.
+        """
+        comp = self._make_java_dll_component()
+        text = self._generate_makefile(
+            comp, is_windows=False, is_osx=True, is_arch_arm64=False
+        )
+        link_lines = self._find_jni_link_lines(text)
+        self.assertTrue(link_lines, "Expected at least one JNI link line")
+        for line in link_lines:
+            self.assertIn(
+                '$(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)', line,
+                "JNI link command must use $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)",
+            )
+
+    def test_linux_uses_slink_extra_flags(self):
+        """On Linux, the JNI link command must use $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)."""
+        comp = self._make_java_dll_component()
+        text = self._generate_makefile(
+            comp, is_windows=False, is_osx=False, is_arch_arm64=False
+        )
+        link_lines = self._find_jni_link_lines(text)
+        self.assertTrue(link_lines, "Expected at least one JNI link line")
+        for line in link_lines:
+            self.assertIn(
+                '$(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)', line,
+                "JNI link command must use $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) on Linux",
+            )
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Tests for Windows (different codepath - links against LIB_EXT)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def test_windows_links_against_lib_ext(self):
+        """
+        On Windows the JNI library is linked against the import library
+        (libz3$(LIB_EXT)), not the shared library, and SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS is
+        handled differently by the VS build system.
+        """
+        comp = self._make_java_dll_component()
+        text = self._generate_makefile(
+            comp, is_windows=True, is_osx=False, is_arch_arm64=False
+        )
+        link_lines = self._find_jni_link_lines(text)
+        self.assertTrue(link_lines, "Expected at least one JNI link line")
+        for line in link_lines:
+            self.assertIn(
+                '$(LIB_EXT)', line,
+                "Windows JNI link command must link against LIB_EXT "
+                "(the import library)",
+            )
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Tests for macOS rpath, so libz3java.dylib can find libz3.dylib
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def test_macos_uses_loader_path_rpath(self):
+        """
+        On macOS, the JNI link command must include -Wl,-rpath,@loader_path
+        so that libz3java.dylib can find libz3.dylib in the same directory
+        at runtime. Without this, Java fails with UnsatisfiedLinkError.
+        """
+        comp = self._make_java_dll_component()
+        text = self._generate_makefile(
+            comp, is_windows=False, is_osx=True, is_arch_arm64=True
+        )
+        link_lines = self._find_jni_link_lines(text)
+        self.assertTrue(link_lines, "Expected at least one JNI link line")
+        for line in link_lines:
+            self.assertIn(
+                '-Wl,-rpath,@loader_path', line,
+                "macOS JNI link command must set rpath to @loader_path "
+                "so libz3java.dylib finds libz3.dylib at runtime",
+            )
+
+    def test_linux_does_not_use_loader_path(self):
+        """
+        On Linux, @loader_path is a macOS concept and must not appear.
+        """
+        comp = self._make_java_dll_component()
+        text = self._generate_makefile(
+            comp, is_windows=False, is_osx=False, is_arch_arm64=False
+        )
+        link_lines = self._find_jni_link_lines(text)
+        self.assertTrue(link_lines, "Expected at least one JNI link line")
+        for line in link_lines:
+            self.assertNotIn(
+                '@loader_path', line,
+                "@loader_path is macOS-specific and must not appear on Linux",
+            )
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Consistency check: SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS in mk_config for cross-compile
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def test_slibextraflags_contains_x86_64_when_cross_compiling(self):
+        """
+        When mk_config() runs on an ARM64 macOS host with IS_ARCH_ARM64=False
+        (i.e. cross-compiling to x86_64), SLIBEXTRAFLAGS must contain
+        '-arch x86_64' so that $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) carries the right flag.
+
+        This validates the mk_config() logic that feeds into $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS).
+        """
+        # We verify the condition in mk_config() directly by checking the
+        # relevant code path.  The cross-compile path in mk_config() is:
+        #
+        #   elif IS_OSX and os.uname()[4] == 'arm64':
+        #       SLIBEXTRAFLAGS = '%s -arch x86_64' % SLIBEXTRAFLAGS
+        #
+        # We test this by simulating the condition:
+        import platform
+        if platform.system() != 'Darwin' or platform.machine() != 'arm64':
+            self.skipTest(
+                "Cross-compilation architecture test only runs on ARM64 macOS"
+            )
+
+        # On a real ARM64 macOS machine with IS_ARCH_ARM64=False we should get
+        # -arch x86_64 in SLIBEXTRAFLAGS.  Simulate the mk_config() logic:
+        slibextraflags = ''
+        is_arch_arm64 = False
+        is_osx = True
+        host_machine = platform.machine()  # 'arm64'
+
+        if is_arch_arm64 and is_osx:
+            slibextraflags = '%s -arch arm64' % slibextraflags
+        elif is_osx and host_machine == 'arm64':
+            slibextraflags = '%s -arch x86_64' % slibextraflags
+
+        self.assertIn(
+            '-arch x86_64', slibextraflags,
+            "When cross-compiling from ARM64 macOS to x86_64, "
+            "SLIBEXTRAFLAGS must contain '-arch x86_64'",
+        )
+
+    def test_slibextraflags_contains_arm64_for_native_arm64_build(self):
+        """
+        When mk_config() runs on a native ARM64 macOS build (IS_ARCH_ARM64=True),
+        SLIBEXTRAFLAGS must contain '-arch arm64'.
+        """
+        import platform
+        if platform.system() != 'Darwin':
+            self.skipTest("Architecture flag test only relevant on macOS")
+
+        slibextraflags = ''
+        is_arch_arm64 = True
+        is_osx = True
+
+        if is_arch_arm64 and is_osx:
+            slibextraflags = '%s -arch arm64' % slibextraflags
+
+        self.assertIn(
+            '-arch arm64', slibextraflags,
+            "For a native ARM64 macOS build, SLIBEXTRAFLAGS must contain "
+            "'-arch arm64' so that $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS) carries the correct flag",
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/scripts/update_api.py b/scripts/update_api.py
index b74203e3f4..b539165a39 100755
--- a/scripts/update_api.py
+++ b/scripts/update_api.py
@@ -561,9 +561,7 @@ def param2java(p):
         elif param_type(p) == BOOL:
             return "BoolPtr"
         else:
-            print("ERROR: unreachable code")
-            assert(False)
-            exit(1)
+            raise ValueError(f"ERROR: unreachable code - unexpected param_type: {param_type(p)}")
     elif k == IN_ARRAY or k == INOUT_ARRAY or k == OUT_ARRAY:
         return "%s[]" % type2java(param_type(p))
     elif k == OUT_MANAGED_ARRAY:
@@ -633,7 +631,16 @@ def mk_java(java_src, java_dir, package_name):
     java_native.write('      try {\n')
     java_native.write('        System.loadLibrary("z3java");\n')
     java_native.write('      } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError ex) {\n')
-    java_native.write('        System.loadLibrary("libz3java");\n')
+    java_native.write('        try {\n')
+    java_native.write('          System.loadLibrary("libz3java");\n')
+    java_native.write('        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError ex2) {\n')
+    java_native.write('          throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError(\n')
+    java_native.write('            "Failed to load z3java native library. "\n')
+    java_native.write('            + "Tried z3java: " + ex.getMessage() + "; "\n')
+    java_native.write('            + "Tried libz3java: " + ex2.getMessage() + ". "\n')
+    java_native.write('            + "Make sure both the JNI library and libz3 are in java.library.path "\n')
+    java_native.write('            + "or set DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH (macOS) / LD_LIBRARY_PATH (Linux).");\n')
+    java_native.write('        }\n')
     java_native.write('      }\n')
     java_native.write('    }\n')
     java_native.write('  }\n')
@@ -649,6 +656,8 @@ def mk_java(java_src, java_dir, package_name):
   public static native boolean propagateConsequence(Object o, long ctx, long solver, long javainfo, int num_fixed, long[] fixed, long num_eqs, long[] eq_lhs, long[] eq_rhs, long conseq);
   public static native boolean propagateNextSplit(Object o, long ctx, long solver, long javainfo, long e, long idx, int phase);
   public static native void propagateDestroy(Object o, long ctx, long solver, long javainfo);
+  public static native long onClauseInit(Object o, long ctx, long solver);
+  public static native void onClauseDestroy(long javainfo);
 
   public static abstract class UserPropagatorBase implements AutoCloseable {
     protected long ctx;
@@ -852,12 +861,18 @@ def mk_java(java_src, java_dir, package_name):
                     java_wrapper.write('  RELEASELONGAELEMS(a%s, _a%s);\n' % (i, i))
 
             elif k == OUT or k == INOUT:
-                if param_type(param) == INT or param_type(param) == UINT or param_type(param) == BOOL:
+                if param_type(param) == INT or param_type(param) == UINT:
                     java_wrapper.write('  {\n')
                     java_wrapper.write('     jclass mc    = jenv->GetObjectClass(a%s);\n' % i)
                     java_wrapper.write('     jfieldID fid = jenv->GetFieldID(mc, "value", "I");\n')
                     java_wrapper.write('     jenv->SetIntField(a%s, fid, (jint) _a%s);\n' % (i, i))
                     java_wrapper.write('  }\n')
+                elif param_type(param) == BOOL:
+                    java_wrapper.write('  {\n')
+                    java_wrapper.write('     jclass mc    = jenv->GetObjectClass(a%s);\n' % i)
+                    java_wrapper.write('     jfieldID fid = jenv->GetFieldID(mc, "value", "Z");\n')
+                    java_wrapper.write('     jenv->SetBooleanField(a%s, fid, (jboolean) _a%s);\n' % (i, i))
+                    java_wrapper.write('  }\n')
                 elif param_type(param) == STRING:
                     java_wrapper.write('  {\n')
                     java_wrapper.write('     jclass mc    = jenv->GetObjectClass(a%s);\n' % i)
@@ -2024,7 +2039,8 @@ def generate_files(api_files,
   # existing code is designed to always emit these files.
   def mk_file_or_temp(output_dir, file_name, mode='w'):
     if output_dir != None:
-      assert os.path.exists(output_dir) and os.path.isdir(output_dir)
+      if not (os.path.exists(output_dir) and os.path.isdir(output_dir)):
+        raise ValueError(f"Output directory '{output_dir}' does not exist or is not a directory")
       return open(os.path.join(output_dir, file_name), mode)
     else:
       # Return a file that we can write to without caring
diff --git a/src/ackermannization/ackermannize_bv_tactic.cpp b/src/ackermannization/ackermannize_bv_tactic.cpp
index 4a79f1dc62..61368c58a7 100644
--- a/src/ackermannization/ackermannize_bv_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/ackermannization/ackermannize_bv_tactic.cpp
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ public:
         TRACE(goal, g->display(tout << "in\n"););
 
         ptr_vector<expr> flas;
-        const unsigned sz = g->size();
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) flas.push_back(g->form(i));
+        for (auto [f, dep, pr] : *g) flas.push_back(f);
         lackr lackr(m, m_p, m_st, flas, nullptr);
 
         // mk result
diff --git a/src/ackermannization/ackr_bound_probe.cpp b/src/ackermannization/ackr_bound_probe.cpp
index 0c74337612..a1c8d43aaf 100644
--- a/src/ackermannization/ackr_bound_probe.cpp
+++ b/src/ackermannization/ackr_bound_probe.cpp
@@ -62,10 +62,9 @@ class ackr_bound_probe : public probe {
 public:
     result operator()(goal const & g) override {
         proc p(g.m());
-        unsigned sz = g.size();
         expr_fast_mark1 visited;
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
-            for_each_expr_core<proc, expr_fast_mark1, true, true>(p, visited, g.form(i));
+        for (auto [curr, dep, pr] : g) {
+            for_each_expr_core<proc, expr_fast_mark1, true, true>(p, visited, curr);
         }
         p.prune_non_select();
         double total = ackr_helper::calculate_lemma_bound(p.m_fun2terms, p.m_sel2terms);
diff --git a/src/ackermannization/ackr_helper.cpp b/src/ackermannization/ackr_helper.cpp
index 079782b312..7fecc3d8c5 100644
--- a/src/ackermannization/ackr_helper.cpp
+++ b/src/ackermannization/ackr_helper.cpp
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 
 double ackr_helper::calculate_lemma_bound(fun2terms_map const& occs1, sel2terms_map const& occs2) {
     double total = 0;
-    for (auto const& kv : occs1) {
-        total += n_choose_2_chk(kv.m_value->var_args.size());
-        total += kv.m_value->const_args.size() * kv.m_value->var_args.size();
+    for (auto const &[k, v] : occs1) {
+        total += n_choose_2_chk(v->var_args.size());
+        total += v->const_args.size() * v->var_args.size();
     }
-    for (auto const& kv : occs2) {
-        total += n_choose_2_chk(kv.m_value->var_args.size());
-        total += kv.m_value->const_args.size() * kv.m_value->var_args.size();
+    for (auto const &[k, v] : occs2) {
+        total += n_choose_2_chk(v->var_args.size());
+        total += v->const_args.size() * v->var_args.size();
     }
     return total;
 }
diff --git a/src/ackermannization/ackr_helper.h b/src/ackermannization/ackr_helper.h
index 5499e7d3a0..9c7c5fc1fc 100644
--- a/src/ackermannization/ackr_helper.h
+++ b/src/ackermannization/ackr_helper.h
@@ -52,14 +52,26 @@ public:
         return m_autil.is_select(a) && is_uninterp_const(a->get_arg(0));
     }
 
+    void mark_non_select_rec(expr* t, expr_mark& visited, expr_mark& non_select) {
+        if (visited.is_marked(t))
+            return;
+        visited.mark(t, true);
+        non_select.mark(t, true);
+        if (is_app(t)) {
+            for (expr *arg : *to_app(t))
+                mark_non_select_rec(arg, visited,non_select);
+        }
+    }
+
     void mark_non_select(app* a, expr_mark& non_select) {
         if (m_autil.is_select(a)) {
             bool first = true;
+            expr_mark visited;
             for (expr* arg : *a) {
                 if (first) 
                     first = false; 
                 else 
-                    non_select.mark(arg, true);
+                    mark_non_select_rec(arg, visited, non_select);
             }
         }
         else {
@@ -70,10 +82,10 @@ public:
 
     void prune_non_select(obj_map<app, app_set*> & sels, expr_mark& non_select) {
         ptr_vector<app> nons;
-        for (auto& kv : sels) {
-            if (non_select.is_marked(kv.m_key)) {
-                nons.push_back(kv.m_key);
-                dealloc(kv.m_value);
+        for (auto &[k, v] : sels) {
+            if (non_select.is_marked(k)) {
+                nons.push_back(k);
+                dealloc(v);
             }
         }
         for (app* s : nons) {
diff --git a/src/ackermannization/ackr_model_converter.cpp b/src/ackermannization/ackr_model_converter.cpp
index 47308e7c28..57d4144645 100644
--- a/src/ackermannization/ackr_model_converter.cpp
+++ b/src/ackermannization/ackr_model_converter.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void ackr_model_converter::convert_constants(model * source, model * destination
     evaluator.set_model_completion(true);
     array_util autil(m);
 
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < source->get_num_constants(); ++i) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0, n = source->get_num_constants(); i < n; ++i) {
         func_decl * const c = source->get_constant(i);
         app * const term = info->find_term(c);
         expr * value = source->get_const_interp(c);
diff --git a/src/ackermannization/lackr.cpp b/src/ackermannization/lackr.cpp
index b438302b65..04e91970b8 100644
--- a/src/ackermannization/lackr.cpp
+++ b/src/ackermannization/lackr.cpp
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ void lackr::eager_enc() {
         checkpoint();
         ackr(v);
     }
-    for (auto const& kv : m_sel2terms) {
+    for (auto const &[k, v] : m_sel2terms) {
         checkpoint();
-        ackr(kv.get_value());
+        ackr(v);
     }
 }
 
@@ -190,13 +190,13 @@ void lackr::abstract_fun(fun2terms_map const& apps) {
 }
 
 void lackr::abstract_sel(sel2terms_map const& apps) {
-    for (auto const& kv : apps) {
-        func_decl * fd = kv.m_key->get_decl();
-        for (app * t : kv.m_value->const_args) {
+    for (auto const &[k, v] : apps) {
+        func_decl * fd = k->get_decl();
+        for (app * t : v->const_args) {
             app * fc = m.mk_fresh_const(fd->get_name(), t->get_sort());
             m_info->set_abstr(t, fc);
         }
-        for (app * t : kv.m_value->var_args) {
+        for (app * t : v->var_args) {
             app * fc = m.mk_fresh_const(fd->get_name(), t->get_sort());
             m_info->set_abstr(t, fc);
         }
diff --git a/src/api/CMakeLists.txt b/src/api/CMakeLists.txt
index a537bb3b96..c6ad57c70f 100644
--- a/src/api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ z3_add_component(api
     api_context.cpp
     api_datalog.cpp
     api_datatype.cpp
+    api_finite_set.cpp
     api_fpa.cpp
     api_goal.cpp
     api_log.cpp
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ z3_add_component(api
     z3_replayer.cpp
     ${full_path_generated_files}
   COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES
-    opt
+    z3_opt
     euf
     portfolio
     realclosure
diff --git a/src/api/api_algebraic.cpp b/src/api/api_algebraic.cpp
index c35d3aa5b6..34a16789ca 100644
--- a/src/api/api_algebraic.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_algebraic.cpp
@@ -447,4 +447,4 @@ extern "C" {
         return _am.get_i(av);
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_arith.cpp b/src/api/api_arith.cpp
index 17810a4947..806f720b32 100644
--- a/src/api/api_arith.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_arith.cpp
@@ -235,4 +235,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_array.cpp b/src/api/api_array.cpp
index e0f71f2b7e..6b454530ea 100644
--- a/src/api/api_array.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_array.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_mk_array_sort_n(c, n, domain, range);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        if (n == 0) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "array sort requires at least one domain sort");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
+        }
         vector<parameter> params;
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) params.push_back(parameter(to_sort(domain[i])));
         params.push_back(parameter(to_sort(range)));
@@ -354,4 +358,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_ast.cpp b/src/api/api_ast.cpp
index ded8b70896..f33f93e29f 100644
--- a/src/api/api_ast.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_ast.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,6 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_mk_rec_func_decl(c, s, domain_size, domain, range);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
-        // 
         recfun::promise_def def = 
             mk_c(c)->recfun().get_plugin().mk_def(
                 to_symbol(s), domain_size, to_sorts(domain), to_sort(range), false);
@@ -898,6 +897,10 @@ extern "C" {
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
         ast_manager & m = mk_c(c)->m();
         expr * a = to_expr(_a);
+        if (num_exprs > 0 && (!_from || !_to)) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "null from/to arrays with non-zero num_exprs");
+            RETURN_Z3(of_expr(nullptr));
+        }
         expr * const * from = to_exprs(num_exprs, _from);
         expr * const * to   = to_exprs(num_exprs, _to);
         expr * r = nullptr;
@@ -1084,388 +1087,425 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN("");
     }
 
+    // Helper functions to reduce instruction cache pressure in Z3_get_decl_kind.
+    // Each theory gets its own function to avoid loading the entire switch table.
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_basic(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_TRUE:     return Z3_OP_TRUE;
+        case OP_FALSE:    return Z3_OP_FALSE;
+        case OP_EQ:       return Z3_OP_EQ;
+        case OP_DISTINCT: return Z3_OP_DISTINCT;
+        case OP_ITE:      return Z3_OP_ITE;
+        case OP_AND:      return Z3_OP_AND;
+        case OP_OR:       return Z3_OP_OR;
+        case OP_XOR:      return Z3_OP_XOR;
+        case OP_NOT:      return Z3_OP_NOT;
+        case OP_IMPLIES:  return Z3_OP_IMPLIES;
+        case OP_OEQ:      return Z3_OP_OEQ;
+        case PR_UNDEF:    return Z3_OP_PR_UNDEF;
+        case PR_TRUE:     return Z3_OP_PR_TRUE;
+        case PR_ASSERTED: return Z3_OP_PR_ASSERTED;
+        case PR_GOAL:     return Z3_OP_PR_GOAL;
+        case PR_MODUS_PONENS: return Z3_OP_PR_MODUS_PONENS;
+        case PR_REFLEXIVITY: return Z3_OP_PR_REFLEXIVITY;
+        case PR_SYMMETRY: return Z3_OP_PR_SYMMETRY;
+        case PR_TRANSITIVITY: return Z3_OP_PR_TRANSITIVITY;
+        case PR_TRANSITIVITY_STAR: return Z3_OP_PR_TRANSITIVITY_STAR;
+        case PR_MONOTONICITY: return Z3_OP_PR_MONOTONICITY;
+        case PR_QUANT_INTRO: return Z3_OP_PR_QUANT_INTRO;
+        case PR_BIND: return Z3_OP_PR_BIND;
+        case PR_DISTRIBUTIVITY: return Z3_OP_PR_DISTRIBUTIVITY;
+        case PR_AND_ELIM: return Z3_OP_PR_AND_ELIM;
+        case PR_NOT_OR_ELIM: return Z3_OP_PR_NOT_OR_ELIM;
+        case PR_REWRITE: return Z3_OP_PR_REWRITE;
+        case PR_REWRITE_STAR: return Z3_OP_PR_REWRITE_STAR;
+        case PR_PULL_QUANT: return Z3_OP_PR_PULL_QUANT;
+        case PR_PUSH_QUANT: return Z3_OP_PR_PUSH_QUANT;
+        case PR_ELIM_UNUSED_VARS: return Z3_OP_PR_ELIM_UNUSED_VARS;
+        case PR_DER: return Z3_OP_PR_DER;
+        case PR_QUANT_INST: return Z3_OP_PR_QUANT_INST;
+        case PR_HYPOTHESIS: return Z3_OP_PR_HYPOTHESIS;
+        case PR_LEMMA: return Z3_OP_PR_LEMMA;
+        case PR_UNIT_RESOLUTION: return Z3_OP_PR_UNIT_RESOLUTION;
+        case PR_IFF_TRUE: return Z3_OP_PR_IFF_TRUE;
+        case PR_IFF_FALSE: return Z3_OP_PR_IFF_FALSE;
+        case PR_COMMUTATIVITY: return Z3_OP_PR_COMMUTATIVITY;
+        case PR_DEF_AXIOM: return Z3_OP_PR_DEF_AXIOM;
+        case PR_ASSUMPTION_ADD: return Z3_OP_PR_ASSUMPTION_ADD;
+        case PR_LEMMA_ADD: return Z3_OP_PR_LEMMA_ADD;
+        case PR_REDUNDANT_DEL: return Z3_OP_PR_REDUNDANT_DEL;
+        case PR_CLAUSE_TRAIL: return Z3_OP_PR_CLAUSE_TRAIL;
+        case PR_DEF_INTRO: return Z3_OP_PR_DEF_INTRO;
+        case PR_APPLY_DEF: return Z3_OP_PR_APPLY_DEF;
+        case PR_IFF_OEQ: return Z3_OP_PR_IFF_OEQ;
+        case PR_NNF_POS: return Z3_OP_PR_NNF_POS;
+        case PR_NNF_NEG: return Z3_OP_PR_NNF_NEG;
+        case PR_SKOLEMIZE:  return Z3_OP_PR_SKOLEMIZE;
+        case PR_MODUS_PONENS_OEQ: return Z3_OP_PR_MODUS_PONENS_OEQ;
+        case PR_TH_LEMMA: return Z3_OP_PR_TH_LEMMA;
+        case PR_HYPER_RESOLVE: return Z3_OP_PR_HYPER_RESOLVE;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_arith(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_NUM: return Z3_OP_ANUM;
+        case OP_IRRATIONAL_ALGEBRAIC_NUM: return Z3_OP_AGNUM;
+        case OP_LE: return Z3_OP_LE;
+        case OP_GE: return Z3_OP_GE;
+        case OP_LT: return Z3_OP_LT;
+        case OP_GT: return Z3_OP_GT;
+        case OP_ADD: return Z3_OP_ADD;
+        case OP_SUB: return Z3_OP_SUB;
+        case OP_UMINUS: return Z3_OP_UMINUS;
+        case OP_MUL: return Z3_OP_MUL;
+        case OP_DIV: return Z3_OP_DIV;
+        case OP_IDIV: return Z3_OP_IDIV;
+        case OP_REM: return Z3_OP_REM;
+        case OP_MOD: return Z3_OP_MOD;
+        case OP_POWER: return Z3_OP_POWER;
+        case OP_ABS: return Z3_OP_ABS;
+        case OP_TO_REAL: return Z3_OP_TO_REAL;
+        case OP_TO_INT: return Z3_OP_TO_INT;
+        case OP_IS_INT: return Z3_OP_IS_INT;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_array(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_STORE: return Z3_OP_STORE;
+        case OP_SELECT: return Z3_OP_SELECT;
+        case OP_CONST_ARRAY: return Z3_OP_CONST_ARRAY;
+        case OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT: return Z3_OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT;
+        case OP_ARRAY_MAP: return Z3_OP_ARRAY_MAP;
+        case OP_SET_UNION: return Z3_OP_SET_UNION;
+        case OP_SET_INTERSECT: return Z3_OP_SET_INTERSECT;
+        case OP_SET_DIFFERENCE: return Z3_OP_SET_DIFFERENCE;
+        case OP_SET_COMPLEMENT: return Z3_OP_SET_COMPLEMENT;
+        case OP_SET_SUBSET: return Z3_OP_SET_SUBSET;
+        case OP_AS_ARRAY: return Z3_OP_AS_ARRAY;
+        case OP_ARRAY_EXT: return Z3_OP_ARRAY_EXT;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_special_relations(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_LO : return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_LO;
+        case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_PO : return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_PO;
+        case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_PLO: return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_PLO;
+        case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TO : return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TO;
+        case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TC : return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TC;
+        default: UNREACHABLE(); return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_bv(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_BV_NUM: return Z3_OP_BNUM;
+        case OP_BIT1: return Z3_OP_BIT1;
+        case OP_BIT0: return Z3_OP_BIT0;
+        case OP_BNEG: return Z3_OP_BNEG;
+        case OP_BADD: return Z3_OP_BADD;
+        case OP_BSUB: return Z3_OP_BSUB;
+        case OP_BMUL: return Z3_OP_BMUL;
+        case OP_BSDIV: return Z3_OP_BSDIV;
+        case OP_BUDIV: return Z3_OP_BUDIV;
+        case OP_BSREM: return Z3_OP_BSREM;
+        case OP_BUREM: return Z3_OP_BUREM;
+        case OP_BSMOD: return Z3_OP_BSMOD;
+        case OP_BSDIV0: return Z3_OP_BSDIV0;
+        case OP_BUDIV0: return Z3_OP_BUDIV0;
+        case OP_BSREM0: return Z3_OP_BSREM0;
+        case OP_BUREM0: return Z3_OP_BUREM0;
+        case OP_BSMOD0: return Z3_OP_BSMOD0;
+        case OP_ULEQ:   return Z3_OP_ULEQ;
+        case OP_SLEQ:   return Z3_OP_SLEQ;
+        case OP_UGEQ:   return Z3_OP_UGEQ;
+        case OP_SGEQ:   return Z3_OP_SGEQ;
+        case OP_ULT:  return Z3_OP_ULT;
+        case OP_SLT:  return Z3_OP_SLT;
+        case OP_UGT:  return Z3_OP_UGT;
+        case OP_SGT:  return Z3_OP_SGT;
+        case OP_BAND:     return Z3_OP_BAND;
+        case OP_BOR:      return Z3_OP_BOR;
+        case OP_BNOT:     return Z3_OP_BNOT;
+        case OP_BXOR:     return Z3_OP_BXOR;
+        case OP_BNAND:    return Z3_OP_BNAND;
+        case OP_BNOR:     return Z3_OP_BNOR;
+        case OP_BXNOR:    return Z3_OP_BXNOR;
+        case OP_CONCAT:   return Z3_OP_CONCAT;
+        case OP_SIGN_EXT: return Z3_OP_SIGN_EXT;
+        case OP_ZERO_EXT: return Z3_OP_ZERO_EXT;
+        case OP_EXTRACT:  return Z3_OP_EXTRACT;
+        case OP_REPEAT:       return Z3_OP_REPEAT;
+        case OP_BREDOR:       return Z3_OP_BREDOR;
+        case OP_BREDAND:      return Z3_OP_BREDAND;
+        case OP_BCOMP:        return Z3_OP_BCOMP;
+        case OP_BSHL:         return Z3_OP_BSHL;
+        case OP_BLSHR:        return Z3_OP_BLSHR;
+        case OP_BASHR:        return Z3_OP_BASHR;
+        case OP_ROTATE_LEFT:  return Z3_OP_ROTATE_LEFT;
+        case OP_ROTATE_RIGHT: return Z3_OP_ROTATE_RIGHT;
+        case OP_EXT_ROTATE_LEFT:  return Z3_OP_EXT_ROTATE_LEFT;
+        case OP_EXT_ROTATE_RIGHT: return Z3_OP_EXT_ROTATE_RIGHT;
+        case OP_INT2BV:    return Z3_OP_INT2BV;
+        case OP_UBV2INT:    return Z3_OP_BV2INT;
+        case OP_SBV2INT:    return Z3_OP_SBV2INT;
+        case OP_CARRY:     return Z3_OP_CARRY;
+        case OP_XOR3:      return Z3_OP_XOR3;
+        case OP_BIT2BOOL: return Z3_OP_BIT2BOOL;
+        case OP_BSMUL_NO_OVFL: return Z3_OP_BSMUL_NO_OVFL;
+        case OP_BUMUL_NO_OVFL: return Z3_OP_BUMUL_NO_OVFL;
+        case OP_BSMUL_NO_UDFL: return Z3_OP_BSMUL_NO_UDFL;
+        case OP_BSDIV_I: return Z3_OP_BSDIV_I;
+        case OP_BUDIV_I: return Z3_OP_BUDIV_I;
+        case OP_BSREM_I: return Z3_OP_BSREM_I;
+        case OP_BUREM_I: return Z3_OP_BUREM_I;
+        case OP_BSMOD_I: return Z3_OP_BSMOD_I;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_dt(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR:  return Z3_OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR;
+        case OP_DT_RECOGNISER:   return Z3_OP_DT_RECOGNISER;
+        case OP_DT_IS:           return Z3_OP_DT_IS;
+        case OP_DT_ACCESSOR:     return Z3_OP_DT_ACCESSOR;
+        case OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD: return Z3_OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_datalog(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case datalog::OP_RA_STORE: return Z3_OP_RA_STORE;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_RA_EMPTY;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_IS_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_RA_IS_EMPTY;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_JOIN: return Z3_OP_RA_JOIN;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_UNION: return Z3_OP_RA_UNION;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_WIDEN: return Z3_OP_RA_WIDEN;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_PROJECT: return Z3_OP_RA_PROJECT;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_FILTER: return Z3_OP_RA_FILTER;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_NEGATION_FILTER: return Z3_OP_RA_NEGATION_FILTER;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_RENAME: return Z3_OP_RA_RENAME;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_COMPLEMENT: return Z3_OP_RA_COMPLEMENT;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_SELECT: return Z3_OP_RA_SELECT;
+        case datalog::OP_RA_CLONE:  return Z3_OP_RA_CLONE;
+        case datalog::OP_DL_CONSTANT: return Z3_OP_FD_CONSTANT;
+        case datalog::OP_DL_LT: return Z3_OP_FD_LT;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_seq(decl_kind k) {
+        switch (k) {
+        case OP_SEQ_UNIT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_UNIT;
+        case OP_SEQ_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_SEQ_EMPTY;
+        case OP_SEQ_CONCAT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_CONCAT;
+        case OP_SEQ_PREFIX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_PREFIX;
+        case OP_SEQ_SUFFIX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_SUFFIX;
+        case OP_SEQ_CONTAINS: return Z3_OP_SEQ_CONTAINS;
+        case OP_SEQ_EXTRACT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_EXTRACT;
+        case OP_SEQ_REPLACE: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE;
+        case OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE;
+        case OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE_ALL: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE_ALL;
+        case OP_SEQ_REPLACE_ALL: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE_ALL;
+        case OP_SEQ_AT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_AT;
+        case OP_SEQ_NTH: return Z3_OP_SEQ_NTH;
+        case OP_SEQ_LENGTH: return Z3_OP_SEQ_LENGTH;
+        case OP_SEQ_INDEX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_INDEX;
+        case OP_SEQ_TO_RE: return Z3_OP_SEQ_TO_RE;
+        case OP_SEQ_IN_RE: return Z3_OP_SEQ_IN_RE;
+        case OP_SEQ_MAP: return Z3_OP_SEQ_MAP;
+        case OP_SEQ_MAPI: return Z3_OP_SEQ_MAPI;
+        case OP_SEQ_FOLDL: return Z3_OP_SEQ_FOLDL;
+        case OP_SEQ_FOLDLI: return Z3_OP_SEQ_FOLDLI;
+        case _OP_STRING_STRREPL: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE;
+        case _OP_STRING_CONCAT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_CONCAT;
+        case _OP_STRING_LENGTH: return Z3_OP_SEQ_LENGTH;
+        case _OP_STRING_STRCTN: return Z3_OP_SEQ_CONTAINS;
+        case _OP_STRING_PREFIX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_PREFIX;
+        case _OP_STRING_SUFFIX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_SUFFIX;
+        case _OP_STRING_IN_REGEXP: return Z3_OP_SEQ_IN_RE;
+        case _OP_STRING_TO_REGEXP: return Z3_OP_SEQ_TO_RE;
+        case _OP_STRING_CHARAT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_AT;
+        case _OP_STRING_SUBSTR: return Z3_OP_SEQ_EXTRACT;
+        case _OP_STRING_STRIDOF: return Z3_OP_SEQ_INDEX;
+        case _OP_REGEXP_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_RE_EMPTY_SET;
+        case _OP_REGEXP_FULL_CHAR: return Z3_OP_RE_FULL_SET;
+        case OP_STRING_STOI: return Z3_OP_STR_TO_INT;
+        case OP_STRING_ITOS: return Z3_OP_INT_TO_STR;
+        case OP_STRING_TO_CODE: return Z3_OP_STR_TO_CODE;
+        case OP_STRING_FROM_CODE: return Z3_OP_STR_FROM_CODE;
+        case OP_STRING_UBVTOS: return Z3_OP_UBV_TO_STR;
+        case OP_STRING_SBVTOS: return Z3_OP_SBV_TO_STR;
+        case OP_STRING_LT: return Z3_OP_STRING_LT;
+        case OP_STRING_LE: return Z3_OP_STRING_LE;
+        case OP_RE_PLUS: return Z3_OP_RE_PLUS;
+        case OP_RE_STAR: return Z3_OP_RE_STAR;
+        case OP_RE_OPTION: return Z3_OP_RE_OPTION;
+        case OP_RE_RANGE: return Z3_OP_RE_RANGE;
+        case OP_RE_CONCAT: return Z3_OP_RE_CONCAT;
+        case OP_RE_UNION: return Z3_OP_RE_UNION;
+        case OP_RE_DIFF: return Z3_OP_RE_DIFF;
+        case OP_RE_INTERSECT: return Z3_OP_RE_INTERSECT;
+        case OP_RE_LOOP: return Z3_OP_RE_LOOP;
+        case OP_RE_POWER: return Z3_OP_RE_POWER;
+        case OP_RE_COMPLEMENT: return Z3_OP_RE_COMPLEMENT;
+        case OP_RE_EMPTY_SET: return Z3_OP_RE_EMPTY_SET;
+        case OP_RE_FULL_SEQ_SET: return Z3_OP_RE_FULL_SET;
+        case OP_RE_FULL_CHAR_SET: return Z3_OP_RE_FULL_CHAR_SET;
+        case OP_RE_OF_PRED: return Z3_OP_RE_OF_PRED;
+        case OP_RE_REVERSE: return Z3_OP_RE_REVERSE;
+        case OP_RE_DERIVATIVE: return Z3_OP_RE_DERIVATIVE;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_char(decl_kind k) {
+        switch (k) {
+        case OP_CHAR_CONST: return Z3_OP_CHAR_CONST;
+        case OP_CHAR_LE: return Z3_OP_CHAR_LE;
+        case OP_CHAR_TO_INT: return Z3_OP_CHAR_TO_INT;
+        case OP_CHAR_TO_BV: return Z3_OP_CHAR_TO_BV;
+        case OP_CHAR_FROM_BV: return Z3_OP_CHAR_FROM_BV;
+        case OP_CHAR_IS_DIGIT: return Z3_OP_CHAR_IS_DIGIT;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_fpa(decl_kind k) {
+        switch (k) {
+        case OP_FPA_RM_NEAREST_TIES_TO_EVEN: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_NEAREST_TIES_TO_EVEN;
+        case OP_FPA_RM_NEAREST_TIES_TO_AWAY: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_NEAREST_TIES_TO_AWAY;
+        case OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_POSITIVE: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_POSITIVE;
+        case OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_NEGATIVE: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_NEGATIVE;
+        case OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_ZERO: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_ZERO;
+        case OP_FPA_NUM: return Z3_OP_FPA_NUM;
+        case OP_FPA_PLUS_INF: return Z3_OP_FPA_PLUS_INF;
+        case OP_FPA_MINUS_INF: return Z3_OP_FPA_MINUS_INF;
+        case OP_FPA_NAN: return Z3_OP_FPA_NAN;
+        case OP_FPA_MINUS_ZERO: return Z3_OP_FPA_MINUS_ZERO;
+        case OP_FPA_PLUS_ZERO: return Z3_OP_FPA_PLUS_ZERO;
+        case OP_FPA_ADD: return Z3_OP_FPA_ADD;
+        case OP_FPA_SUB: return Z3_OP_FPA_SUB;
+        case OP_FPA_NEG: return Z3_OP_FPA_NEG;
+        case OP_FPA_MUL: return Z3_OP_FPA_MUL;
+        case OP_FPA_DIV: return Z3_OP_FPA_DIV;
+        case OP_FPA_REM: return Z3_OP_FPA_REM;
+        case OP_FPA_ABS: return Z3_OP_FPA_ABS;
+        case OP_FPA_MIN: return Z3_OP_FPA_MIN;
+        case OP_FPA_MAX: return Z3_OP_FPA_MAX;
+        case OP_FPA_FMA: return Z3_OP_FPA_FMA;
+        case OP_FPA_SQRT: return Z3_OP_FPA_SQRT;
+        case OP_FPA_EQ: return Z3_OP_FPA_EQ;
+        case OP_FPA_ROUND_TO_INTEGRAL: return Z3_OP_FPA_ROUND_TO_INTEGRAL;
+        case OP_FPA_LT: return Z3_OP_FPA_LT;
+        case OP_FPA_GT: return Z3_OP_FPA_GT;
+        case OP_FPA_LE: return Z3_OP_FPA_LE;
+        case OP_FPA_GE: return Z3_OP_FPA_GE;
+        case OP_FPA_IS_NAN: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_NAN;
+        case OP_FPA_IS_INF: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_INF;
+        case OP_FPA_IS_ZERO: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_ZERO;
+        case OP_FPA_IS_NORMAL: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_NORMAL;
+        case OP_FPA_IS_SUBNORMAL: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_SUBNORMAL;
+        case OP_FPA_IS_NEGATIVE: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_NEGATIVE;
+        case OP_FPA_IS_POSITIVE: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_POSITIVE;
+        case OP_FPA_FP: return Z3_OP_FPA_FP;
+        case OP_FPA_TO_FP: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_FP;
+        case OP_FPA_TO_FP_UNSIGNED: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_FP_UNSIGNED;
+        case OP_FPA_TO_UBV: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_UBV;
+        case OP_FPA_TO_SBV: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_SBV;
+        case OP_FPA_TO_REAL: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_REAL;
+        case OP_FPA_TO_IEEE_BV: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_IEEE_BV;
+        case OP_FPA_BVWRAP: return Z3_OP_FPA_BVWRAP;
+        case OP_FPA_BV2RM: return Z3_OP_FPA_BV2RM;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_label(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_LABEL: return Z3_OP_LABEL;
+        case OP_LABEL_LIT: return Z3_OP_LABEL_LIT;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_pb(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_PB_LE: return Z3_OP_PB_LE;
+        case OP_PB_GE: return Z3_OP_PB_GE;
+        case OP_PB_EQ: return Z3_OP_PB_EQ;
+        case OP_AT_MOST_K: return Z3_OP_PB_AT_MOST;
+        case OP_AT_LEAST_K: return Z3_OP_PB_AT_LEAST;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Z3_decl_kind get_decl_kind_finite_set(decl_kind k) {
+        switch(k) {
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_UNION: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_UNION;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_IN: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_IN;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_MAP: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_MAP;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_EXT: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_EXT;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE: return Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE;
+        default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
     Z3_decl_kind Z3_API Z3_get_decl_kind(Z3_context c, Z3_func_decl d) {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_get_decl_kind(c, d);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
         func_decl* _d = to_func_decl(d);
 
-        if (d == nullptr || null_family_id == _d->get_family_id()) {
+        if (d == nullptr || null_family_id == _d->get_family_id())
             return Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED;
-        }
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_basic_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_TRUE:     return Z3_OP_TRUE;
-            case OP_FALSE:    return Z3_OP_FALSE;
-            case OP_EQ:       return Z3_OP_EQ;
-            case OP_DISTINCT: return Z3_OP_DISTINCT;
-            case OP_ITE:      return Z3_OP_ITE;
-            case OP_AND:      return Z3_OP_AND;
-            case OP_OR:       return Z3_OP_OR;
-            case OP_XOR:      return Z3_OP_XOR;
-            case OP_NOT:      return Z3_OP_NOT;
-            case OP_IMPLIES:  return Z3_OP_IMPLIES;
-            case OP_OEQ:      return Z3_OP_OEQ;
 
-            case PR_UNDEF:    return Z3_OP_PR_UNDEF;
-            case PR_TRUE:     return Z3_OP_PR_TRUE;
-            case PR_ASSERTED: return Z3_OP_PR_ASSERTED;
-            case PR_GOAL:     return Z3_OP_PR_GOAL;
-            case PR_MODUS_PONENS: return Z3_OP_PR_MODUS_PONENS;
-            case PR_REFLEXIVITY: return Z3_OP_PR_REFLEXIVITY;
-            case PR_SYMMETRY: return Z3_OP_PR_SYMMETRY;
-            case PR_TRANSITIVITY: return Z3_OP_PR_TRANSITIVITY;
-            case PR_TRANSITIVITY_STAR: return Z3_OP_PR_TRANSITIVITY_STAR;
-            case PR_MONOTONICITY: return Z3_OP_PR_MONOTONICITY;
-            case PR_QUANT_INTRO: return Z3_OP_PR_QUANT_INTRO;
-            case PR_BIND: return Z3_OP_PR_BIND;
-            case PR_DISTRIBUTIVITY: return Z3_OP_PR_DISTRIBUTIVITY;
-            case PR_AND_ELIM: return Z3_OP_PR_AND_ELIM;
-            case PR_NOT_OR_ELIM: return Z3_OP_PR_NOT_OR_ELIM;
-            case PR_REWRITE: return Z3_OP_PR_REWRITE;
-            case PR_REWRITE_STAR: return Z3_OP_PR_REWRITE_STAR;
-            case PR_PULL_QUANT: return Z3_OP_PR_PULL_QUANT;
-            case PR_PUSH_QUANT: return Z3_OP_PR_PUSH_QUANT;
-            case PR_ELIM_UNUSED_VARS: return Z3_OP_PR_ELIM_UNUSED_VARS;
-            case PR_DER: return Z3_OP_PR_DER;
-            case PR_QUANT_INST: return Z3_OP_PR_QUANT_INST;
-            case PR_HYPOTHESIS: return Z3_OP_PR_HYPOTHESIS;
-            case PR_LEMMA: return Z3_OP_PR_LEMMA;
-            case PR_UNIT_RESOLUTION: return Z3_OP_PR_UNIT_RESOLUTION;
-            case PR_IFF_TRUE: return Z3_OP_PR_IFF_TRUE;
-            case PR_IFF_FALSE: return Z3_OP_PR_IFF_FALSE;
-            case PR_COMMUTATIVITY: return Z3_OP_PR_COMMUTATIVITY;
-            case PR_DEF_AXIOM: return Z3_OP_PR_DEF_AXIOM;
-            case PR_ASSUMPTION_ADD: return Z3_OP_PR_ASSUMPTION_ADD;
-            case PR_LEMMA_ADD: return Z3_OP_PR_LEMMA_ADD;
-            case PR_REDUNDANT_DEL: return Z3_OP_PR_REDUNDANT_DEL;
-            case PR_CLAUSE_TRAIL: return Z3_OP_PR_CLAUSE_TRAIL;
-            case PR_DEF_INTRO: return Z3_OP_PR_DEF_INTRO;
-            case PR_APPLY_DEF: return Z3_OP_PR_APPLY_DEF;
-            case PR_IFF_OEQ: return Z3_OP_PR_IFF_OEQ;
-            case PR_NNF_POS: return Z3_OP_PR_NNF_POS;
-            case PR_NNF_NEG: return Z3_OP_PR_NNF_NEG;
-            case PR_SKOLEMIZE:  return Z3_OP_PR_SKOLEMIZE;
-            case PR_MODUS_PONENS_OEQ: return Z3_OP_PR_MODUS_PONENS_OEQ;
-            case PR_TH_LEMMA: return Z3_OP_PR_TH_LEMMA;
-            case PR_HYPER_RESOLVE: return Z3_OP_PR_HYPER_RESOLVE;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_arith_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_NUM: return Z3_OP_ANUM;
-            case OP_IRRATIONAL_ALGEBRAIC_NUM: return Z3_OP_AGNUM;
-            case OP_LE: return Z3_OP_LE;
-            case OP_GE: return Z3_OP_GE;
-            case OP_LT: return Z3_OP_LT;
-            case OP_GT: return Z3_OP_GT;
-            case OP_ADD: return Z3_OP_ADD;
-            case OP_SUB: return Z3_OP_SUB;
-            case OP_UMINUS: return Z3_OP_UMINUS;
-            case OP_MUL: return Z3_OP_MUL;
-            case OP_DIV: return Z3_OP_DIV;
-            case OP_IDIV: return Z3_OP_IDIV;
-            case OP_REM: return Z3_OP_REM;
-            case OP_MOD: return Z3_OP_MOD;
-            case OP_POWER: return Z3_OP_POWER;
-            case OP_ABS: return Z3_OP_ABS;
-            case OP_TO_REAL: return Z3_OP_TO_REAL;
-            case OP_TO_INT: return Z3_OP_TO_INT;
-            case OP_IS_INT: return Z3_OP_IS_INT;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_array_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_STORE: return Z3_OP_STORE;
-            case OP_SELECT: return Z3_OP_SELECT;
-            case OP_CONST_ARRAY: return Z3_OP_CONST_ARRAY;
-            case OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT: return Z3_OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT;
-            case OP_ARRAY_MAP: return Z3_OP_ARRAY_MAP;
-            case OP_SET_UNION: return Z3_OP_SET_UNION;
-            case OP_SET_INTERSECT: return Z3_OP_SET_INTERSECT;
-            case OP_SET_DIFFERENCE: return Z3_OP_SET_DIFFERENCE;
-            case OP_SET_COMPLEMENT: return Z3_OP_SET_COMPLEMENT;
-            case OP_SET_SUBSET: return Z3_OP_SET_SUBSET;
-            case OP_AS_ARRAY: return Z3_OP_AS_ARRAY;
-            case OP_ARRAY_EXT: return Z3_OP_ARRAY_EXT;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
+        family_id fid = _d->get_family_id();
+        decl_kind k = _d->get_decl_kind();
 
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_special_relations_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_LO : return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_LO;
-            case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_PO : return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_PO;
-            case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_PLO: return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_PLO;
-            case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TO : return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TO;
-            case OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TC : return Z3_OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TC;
-            default: UNREACHABLE();
-            }
-        }
-
-
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_bv_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_BV_NUM: return Z3_OP_BNUM;
-            case OP_BIT1: return Z3_OP_BIT1;
-            case OP_BIT0: return Z3_OP_BIT0;
-            case OP_BNEG: return Z3_OP_BNEG;
-            case OP_BADD: return Z3_OP_BADD;
-            case OP_BSUB: return Z3_OP_BSUB;
-            case OP_BMUL: return Z3_OP_BMUL;
-            case OP_BSDIV: return Z3_OP_BSDIV;
-            case OP_BUDIV: return Z3_OP_BUDIV;
-            case OP_BSREM: return Z3_OP_BSREM;
-            case OP_BUREM: return Z3_OP_BUREM;
-            case OP_BSMOD: return Z3_OP_BSMOD;
-            case OP_BSDIV0: return Z3_OP_BSDIV0;
-            case OP_BUDIV0: return Z3_OP_BUDIV0;
-            case OP_BSREM0: return Z3_OP_BSREM0;
-            case OP_BUREM0: return Z3_OP_BUREM0;
-            case OP_BSMOD0: return Z3_OP_BSMOD0;
-            case OP_ULEQ:   return Z3_OP_ULEQ;
-            case OP_SLEQ:   return Z3_OP_SLEQ;
-            case OP_UGEQ:   return Z3_OP_UGEQ;
-            case OP_SGEQ:   return Z3_OP_SGEQ;
-            case OP_ULT:  return Z3_OP_ULT;
-            case OP_SLT:  return Z3_OP_SLT;
-            case OP_UGT:  return Z3_OP_UGT;
-            case OP_SGT:  return Z3_OP_SGT;
-            case OP_BAND:     return Z3_OP_BAND;
-            case OP_BOR:      return Z3_OP_BOR;
-            case OP_BNOT:     return Z3_OP_BNOT;
-            case OP_BXOR:     return Z3_OP_BXOR;
-            case OP_BNAND:    return Z3_OP_BNAND;
-            case OP_BNOR:     return Z3_OP_BNOR;
-            case OP_BXNOR:    return Z3_OP_BXNOR;
-            case OP_CONCAT:   return Z3_OP_CONCAT;
-            case OP_SIGN_EXT: return Z3_OP_SIGN_EXT;
-            case OP_ZERO_EXT: return Z3_OP_ZERO_EXT;
-            case OP_EXTRACT:  return Z3_OP_EXTRACT;
-            case OP_REPEAT:       return Z3_OP_REPEAT;
-            case OP_BREDOR:       return Z3_OP_BREDOR;
-            case OP_BREDAND:      return Z3_OP_BREDAND;
-            case OP_BCOMP:        return Z3_OP_BCOMP;
-            case OP_BSHL:         return Z3_OP_BSHL;
-            case OP_BLSHR:        return Z3_OP_BLSHR;
-            case OP_BASHR:        return Z3_OP_BASHR;
-            case OP_ROTATE_LEFT:  return Z3_OP_ROTATE_LEFT;
-            case OP_ROTATE_RIGHT: return Z3_OP_ROTATE_RIGHT;
-            case OP_EXT_ROTATE_LEFT:  return Z3_OP_EXT_ROTATE_LEFT;
-            case OP_EXT_ROTATE_RIGHT: return Z3_OP_EXT_ROTATE_RIGHT;
-            case OP_INT2BV:    return Z3_OP_INT2BV;
-            case OP_UBV2INT:    return Z3_OP_BV2INT;
-            case OP_SBV2INT:    return Z3_OP_SBV2INT;
-            case OP_CARRY:     return Z3_OP_CARRY;
-            case OP_XOR3:      return Z3_OP_XOR3;
-            case OP_BIT2BOOL: return Z3_OP_BIT2BOOL;
-            case OP_BSMUL_NO_OVFL: return Z3_OP_BSMUL_NO_OVFL;
-            case OP_BUMUL_NO_OVFL: return Z3_OP_BUMUL_NO_OVFL;
-            case OP_BSMUL_NO_UDFL: return Z3_OP_BSMUL_NO_UDFL;
-            case OP_BSDIV_I: return Z3_OP_BSDIV_I;
-            case OP_BUDIV_I: return Z3_OP_BUDIV_I;
-            case OP_BSREM_I: return Z3_OP_BSREM_I;
-            case OP_BUREM_I: return Z3_OP_BUREM_I;
-            case OP_BSMOD_I: return Z3_OP_BSMOD_I;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_dt_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR:  return Z3_OP_DT_CONSTRUCTOR;
-            case OP_DT_RECOGNISER:   return Z3_OP_DT_RECOGNISER;
-            case OP_DT_IS:           return Z3_OP_DT_IS;
-            case OP_DT_ACCESSOR:     return Z3_OP_DT_ACCESSOR;
-            case OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD: return Z3_OP_DT_UPDATE_FIELD;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_datalog_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case datalog::OP_RA_STORE: return Z3_OP_RA_STORE;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_RA_EMPTY;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_IS_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_RA_IS_EMPTY;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_JOIN: return Z3_OP_RA_JOIN;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_UNION: return Z3_OP_RA_UNION;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_WIDEN: return Z3_OP_RA_WIDEN;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_PROJECT: return Z3_OP_RA_PROJECT;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_FILTER: return Z3_OP_RA_FILTER;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_NEGATION_FILTER: return Z3_OP_RA_NEGATION_FILTER;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_RENAME: return Z3_OP_RA_RENAME;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_COMPLEMENT: return Z3_OP_RA_COMPLEMENT;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_SELECT: return Z3_OP_RA_SELECT;
-            case datalog::OP_RA_CLONE:  return Z3_OP_RA_CLONE;
-            case datalog::OP_DL_CONSTANT: return Z3_OP_FD_CONSTANT;
-            case datalog::OP_DL_LT: return Z3_OP_FD_LT;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_seq_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch (_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_SEQ_UNIT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_UNIT;
-            case OP_SEQ_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_SEQ_EMPTY;
-            case OP_SEQ_CONCAT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_CONCAT;
-            case OP_SEQ_PREFIX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_PREFIX;
-            case OP_SEQ_SUFFIX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_SUFFIX;
-            case OP_SEQ_CONTAINS: return Z3_OP_SEQ_CONTAINS;
-            case OP_SEQ_EXTRACT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_EXTRACT;
-            case OP_SEQ_REPLACE: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE;
-            case OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE;
-            case OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE_ALL: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE_ALL;
-            case OP_SEQ_REPLACE_ALL: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE_ALL;
-            case OP_SEQ_AT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_AT;
-            case OP_SEQ_NTH: return Z3_OP_SEQ_NTH;
-            case OP_SEQ_LENGTH: return Z3_OP_SEQ_LENGTH;
-            case OP_SEQ_INDEX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_INDEX;
-            case OP_SEQ_TO_RE: return Z3_OP_SEQ_TO_RE;
-            case OP_SEQ_IN_RE: return Z3_OP_SEQ_IN_RE;
-            case OP_SEQ_MAP: return Z3_OP_SEQ_MAP;
-            case OP_SEQ_MAPI: return Z3_OP_SEQ_MAPI;
-            case OP_SEQ_FOLDL: return Z3_OP_SEQ_FOLDL;
-            case OP_SEQ_FOLDLI: return Z3_OP_SEQ_FOLDLI;
-
-            case _OP_STRING_STRREPL: return Z3_OP_SEQ_REPLACE;
-            case _OP_STRING_CONCAT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_CONCAT;
-            case _OP_STRING_LENGTH: return Z3_OP_SEQ_LENGTH;
-            case _OP_STRING_STRCTN: return Z3_OP_SEQ_CONTAINS;
-            case _OP_STRING_PREFIX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_PREFIX;
-            case _OP_STRING_SUFFIX: return Z3_OP_SEQ_SUFFIX;
-            case _OP_STRING_IN_REGEXP: return Z3_OP_SEQ_IN_RE;
-            case _OP_STRING_TO_REGEXP: return Z3_OP_SEQ_TO_RE;
-            case _OP_STRING_CHARAT: return Z3_OP_SEQ_AT;
-            case _OP_STRING_SUBSTR: return Z3_OP_SEQ_EXTRACT;
-            case _OP_STRING_STRIDOF: return Z3_OP_SEQ_INDEX;
-            case _OP_REGEXP_EMPTY: return Z3_OP_RE_EMPTY_SET;
-            case _OP_REGEXP_FULL_CHAR: return Z3_OP_RE_FULL_SET;
-
-            case OP_STRING_STOI: return Z3_OP_STR_TO_INT;
-            case OP_STRING_ITOS: return Z3_OP_INT_TO_STR;
-            case OP_STRING_TO_CODE: return Z3_OP_STR_TO_CODE;
-            case OP_STRING_FROM_CODE: return Z3_OP_STR_FROM_CODE;
-
-            case OP_STRING_UBVTOS: return Z3_OP_UBV_TO_STR;
-            case OP_STRING_SBVTOS: return Z3_OP_SBV_TO_STR;
-            case OP_STRING_LT: return Z3_OP_STRING_LT;
-            case OP_STRING_LE: return Z3_OP_STRING_LE;
-
-            case OP_RE_PLUS: return Z3_OP_RE_PLUS;
-            case OP_RE_STAR: return Z3_OP_RE_STAR;
-            case OP_RE_OPTION: return Z3_OP_RE_OPTION;
-            case OP_RE_RANGE: return Z3_OP_RE_RANGE;
-            case OP_RE_CONCAT: return Z3_OP_RE_CONCAT;
-            case OP_RE_UNION: return Z3_OP_RE_UNION;
-            case OP_RE_DIFF: return Z3_OP_RE_DIFF;
-            case OP_RE_INTERSECT: return Z3_OP_RE_INTERSECT;
-            case OP_RE_LOOP: return Z3_OP_RE_LOOP;
-            case OP_RE_POWER: return Z3_OP_RE_POWER;
-            case OP_RE_COMPLEMENT: return Z3_OP_RE_COMPLEMENT;
-            case OP_RE_EMPTY_SET: return Z3_OP_RE_EMPTY_SET;
-
-            case OP_RE_FULL_SEQ_SET: return Z3_OP_RE_FULL_SET;
-            case OP_RE_FULL_CHAR_SET: return Z3_OP_RE_FULL_CHAR_SET;
-            case OP_RE_OF_PRED: return Z3_OP_RE_OF_PRED;
-            case OP_RE_REVERSE: return Z3_OP_RE_REVERSE;
-            case OP_RE_DERIVATIVE: return Z3_OP_RE_DERIVATIVE;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_char_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch (_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_CHAR_CONST: return Z3_OP_CHAR_CONST;
-            case OP_CHAR_LE: return Z3_OP_CHAR_LE;
-            case OP_CHAR_TO_INT: return Z3_OP_CHAR_TO_INT;
-            case OP_CHAR_TO_BV: return Z3_OP_CHAR_TO_BV;
-            case OP_CHAR_FROM_BV: return Z3_OP_CHAR_FROM_BV;
-            case OP_CHAR_IS_DIGIT: return Z3_OP_CHAR_IS_DIGIT;
-            default: 
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_fpa_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch (_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_FPA_RM_NEAREST_TIES_TO_EVEN: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_NEAREST_TIES_TO_EVEN;
-            case OP_FPA_RM_NEAREST_TIES_TO_AWAY: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_NEAREST_TIES_TO_AWAY;
-            case OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_POSITIVE: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_POSITIVE;
-            case OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_NEGATIVE: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_NEGATIVE;
-            case OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_ZERO: return Z3_OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_ZERO;
-            case OP_FPA_NUM: return Z3_OP_FPA_NUM;
-            case OP_FPA_PLUS_INF: return Z3_OP_FPA_PLUS_INF;
-            case OP_FPA_MINUS_INF: return Z3_OP_FPA_MINUS_INF;
-            case OP_FPA_NAN: return Z3_OP_FPA_NAN;
-            case OP_FPA_MINUS_ZERO: return Z3_OP_FPA_MINUS_ZERO;
-            case OP_FPA_PLUS_ZERO: return Z3_OP_FPA_PLUS_ZERO;
-            case OP_FPA_ADD: return Z3_OP_FPA_ADD;
-            case OP_FPA_SUB: return Z3_OP_FPA_SUB;
-            case OP_FPA_NEG: return Z3_OP_FPA_NEG;
-            case OP_FPA_MUL: return Z3_OP_FPA_MUL;
-            case OP_FPA_DIV: return Z3_OP_FPA_DIV;
-            case OP_FPA_REM: return Z3_OP_FPA_REM;
-            case OP_FPA_ABS: return Z3_OP_FPA_ABS;
-            case OP_FPA_MIN: return Z3_OP_FPA_MIN;
-            case OP_FPA_MAX: return Z3_OP_FPA_MAX;
-            case OP_FPA_FMA: return Z3_OP_FPA_FMA;
-            case OP_FPA_SQRT: return Z3_OP_FPA_SQRT;
-            case OP_FPA_EQ: return Z3_OP_FPA_EQ;
-            case OP_FPA_ROUND_TO_INTEGRAL: return Z3_OP_FPA_ROUND_TO_INTEGRAL;
-            case OP_FPA_LT: return Z3_OP_FPA_LT;
-            case OP_FPA_GT: return Z3_OP_FPA_GT;
-            case OP_FPA_LE: return Z3_OP_FPA_LE;
-            case OP_FPA_GE: return Z3_OP_FPA_GE;
-            case OP_FPA_IS_NAN: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_NAN;
-            case OP_FPA_IS_INF: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_INF;
-            case OP_FPA_IS_ZERO: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_ZERO;
-            case OP_FPA_IS_NORMAL: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_NORMAL;
-            case OP_FPA_IS_SUBNORMAL: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_SUBNORMAL;
-            case OP_FPA_IS_NEGATIVE: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_NEGATIVE;
-            case OP_FPA_IS_POSITIVE: return Z3_OP_FPA_IS_POSITIVE;
-            case OP_FPA_FP: return Z3_OP_FPA_FP;
-            case OP_FPA_TO_FP: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_FP;
-            case OP_FPA_TO_FP_UNSIGNED: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_FP_UNSIGNED;
-            case OP_FPA_TO_UBV: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_UBV;
-            case OP_FPA_TO_SBV: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_SBV;
-            case OP_FPA_TO_REAL: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_REAL;
-            case OP_FPA_TO_IEEE_BV: return Z3_OP_FPA_TO_IEEE_BV;
-            case OP_FPA_BVWRAP: return Z3_OP_FPA_BVWRAP;
-            case OP_FPA_BV2RM: return Z3_OP_FPA_BV2RM;
-                return Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mk_c(c)->m().get_label_family_id() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_LABEL: return Z3_OP_LABEL;
-            case OP_LABEL_LIT: return Z3_OP_LABEL_LIT;
-            default:
-                return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mk_c(c)->get_pb_fid() == _d->get_family_id()) {
-            switch(_d->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_PB_LE: return Z3_OP_PB_LE;
-            case OP_PB_GE: return Z3_OP_PB_GE;
-            case OP_PB_EQ: return Z3_OP_PB_EQ;
-            case OP_AT_MOST_K: return Z3_OP_PB_AT_MOST;
-            case OP_AT_LEAST_K: return Z3_OP_PB_AT_LEAST;
-            default: return Z3_OP_INTERNAL;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mk_c(c)->recfun().get_family_id() == _d->get_family_id())
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_basic_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_basic(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_arith_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_arith(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_bv_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_bv(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_array_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_array(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_dt_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_dt(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_seq_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_seq(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_fpa_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_fpa(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_datalog_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_datalog(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_pb_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_pb(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_special_relations_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_special_relations(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->get_char_fid() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_char(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->m().get_label_family_id() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_label(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->fsutil().get_family_id() == fid)
+            return get_decl_kind_finite_set(k);
+        if (mk_c(c)->recfun().get_family_id() == fid)
             return Z3_OP_RECURSIVE;
 
         return Z3_OP_UNINTERPRETED;
@@ -1482,11 +1522,7 @@ extern "C" {
             return 0;
         }
         var* va = to_var(_a);
-        if (va) {
-            return va->get_idx();
-        }
-        SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, nullptr);
-        return 0;
+        return va->get_idx();
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
     }
 
@@ -1495,6 +1531,10 @@ extern "C" {
         LOG_Z3_translate(c, a, target);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
         CHECK_VALID_AST(a, nullptr);
+        if (!target) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "null target context");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
+        }
         if (c == target) {
             SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, nullptr);
             RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
@@ -1507,4 +1547,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_ast_map.cpp b/src/api/api_ast_map.cpp
index 1ebb51fcce..dead361cf7 100644
--- a/src/api/api_ast_map.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_ast_map.cpp
@@ -161,4 +161,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_ast_vector.cpp b/src/api/api_ast_vector.cpp
index 46a8894387..b74fecef3b 100644
--- a/src/api/api_ast_vector.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_ast_vector.cpp
@@ -135,4 +135,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_ast_vector.h b/src/api/api_ast_vector.h
index dc1fcb8e6a..f661b8d8d2 100644
--- a/src/api/api_ast_vector.h
+++ b/src/api/api_ast_vector.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Revision History:
 
 namespace api {
     class context;
-};
+}
 
 struct Z3_ast_vector_ref : public api::object {
     ast_ref_vector  m_ast_vector;
diff --git a/src/api/api_bv.cpp b/src/api/api_bv.cpp
index 5b627944c7..77e7bfbc29 100644
--- a/src/api/api_bv.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_bv.cpp
@@ -399,4 +399,4 @@ Z3_ast Z3_API NAME(Z3_context c, unsigned i, Z3_ast n) {                \
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_config_params.cpp b/src/api/api_config_params.cpp
index 02bcde2a93..ba926a967f 100644
--- a/src/api/api_config_params.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_config_params.cpp
@@ -121,4 +121,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_context.cpp b/src/api/api_context.cpp
index ce1eed52cd..624980d507 100644
--- a/src/api/api_context.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_context.cpp
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ namespace api {
         m_fpa_util(m()),
         m_sutil(m()),
         m_recfun(m()),
+        m_finite_set_util(m()),
         m_ast_trail(m()),
         m_pmanager(m_limit) {
 
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ namespace api {
         return *(m_rcf_manager.get());
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
 // ------------------------
@@ -530,4 +531,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH;
     }
     
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_context.h b/src/api/api_context.h
index e570daca38..80fc90569e 100644
--- a/src/api/api_context.h
+++ b/src/api/api_context.h
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast/fpa_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/recfun_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/special_relations_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
 #include "params/smt_params.h"
 #include "smt/smt_kernel.h"
@@ -44,16 +45,16 @@ Revision History:
 
 namespace smtlib {
     class parser;
-};
+}
 
 namespace realclosure {
     class manager;
-};
+}
 
 namespace smt2 {
     class parser;
     void free_parser(parser*);
-};
+}
 
 namespace api {
        
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ namespace api {
         fpa_util                   m_fpa_util;
         seq_util                   m_sutil;
         recfun::util               m_recfun;
+        finite_set_util            m_finite_set_util;
 
         // Support for old solver API
         smt_params                 m_fparams;
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ namespace api {
         datatype_util& dtutil() { return m_dt_plugin->u(); }
         seq_util& sutil() { return m_sutil; }
         recfun::util& recfun() { return m_recfun; }
+        finite_set_util& fsutil() { return m_finite_set_util; }
         family_id get_basic_fid() const { return basic_family_id; }
         family_id get_array_fid() const { return m_array_fid; }
         family_id get_arith_fid() const { return arith_family_id; }
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@ namespace api {
         
     };
     
-};
+}
 
 inline api::context * mk_c(Z3_context c) { return reinterpret_cast<api::context*>(c); }
 #define RESET_ERROR_CODE() { mk_c(c)->reset_error_code(); }
diff --git a/src/api/api_datalog.cpp b/src/api/api_datalog.cpp
index 61d4aa9fda..072b5c8fff 100644
--- a/src/api/api_datalog.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_datalog.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ namespace api {
         void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & p) { m_context.collect_params(p); }
         void updt_params(params_ref const& p) { m_context.updt_params(p); }
     };         
-};
+}
 
 extern "C" {
     
@@ -705,4 +705,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_datalog.h b/src/api/api_datalog.h
index 7f1ceb9bbf..11fbf7e119 100644
--- a/src/api/api_datalog.h
+++ b/src/api/api_datalog.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ typedef void (*reduce_assign_callback_fptr)(void*, func_decl*, unsigned, expr*co
 namespace api {
     class fixedpoint_context;
     class context;
-};
+}
 
 
 struct Z3_fixedpoint_ref : public api::object {
diff --git a/src/api/api_datatype.cpp b/src/api/api_datatype.cpp
index ee381e3e78..8d9d0dd206 100644
--- a/src/api/api_datatype.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_datatype.cpp
@@ -687,4 +687,4 @@ extern "C" {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_finite_set.cpp b/src/api/api_finite_set.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..922ffe3f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/api_finite_set.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    api_finite_set.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    API for finite sets.
+
+Author:
+
+    Copilot 2025-01-21
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+#include "api/z3.h"
+#include "api/api_log_macros.h"
+#include "api/api_context.h"
+#include "api/api_util.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+
+    Z3_sort Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_sort(Z3_context c, Z3_sort elem_sort) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_sort(c, elem_sort);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        parameter param(to_sort(elem_sort));
+        sort* ty = mk_c(c)->m().mk_sort(mk_c(c)->fsutil().get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &param);
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(ty);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_sort(ty));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    bool Z3_API Z3_is_finite_set_sort(Z3_context c, Z3_sort s) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_is_finite_set_sort(c, s);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        return mk_c(c)->fsutil().is_finite_set(to_sort(s));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(false);
+    }
+
+    Z3_sort Z3_API Z3_get_finite_set_sort_basis(Z3_context c, Z3_sort s) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_get_finite_set_sort_basis(c, s);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        sort* elem_sort = nullptr;
+        if (!mk_c(c)->fsutil().is_finite_set(to_sort(s), elem_sort)) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "expected finite set sort");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
+        }
+        RETURN_Z3(of_sort(elem_sort));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_empty(Z3_context c, Z3_sort set_sort) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_empty(c, set_sort);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_empty(to_sort(set_sort));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_singleton(Z3_context c, Z3_ast elem) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_singleton(c, elem);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(elem, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_singleton(to_expr(elem));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_union(Z3_context c, Z3_ast s1, Z3_ast s2) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_union(c, s1, s2);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(s1, nullptr);
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(s2, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_union(to_expr(s1), to_expr(s2));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_intersect(Z3_context c, Z3_ast s1, Z3_ast s2) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_intersect(c, s1, s2);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(s1, nullptr);
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(s2, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_intersect(to_expr(s1), to_expr(s2));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_difference(Z3_context c, Z3_ast s1, Z3_ast s2) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_difference(c, s1, s2);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(s1, nullptr);
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(s2, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_difference(to_expr(s1), to_expr(s2));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_member(Z3_context c, Z3_ast elem, Z3_ast set) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_member(c, elem, set);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(elem, nullptr);
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(set, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_in(to_expr(elem), to_expr(set));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_size(Z3_context c, Z3_ast set) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_size(c, set);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(set, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_size(to_expr(set));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_subset(Z3_context c, Z3_ast s1, Z3_ast s2) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_subset(c, s1, s2);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(s1, nullptr);
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(s2, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_subset(to_expr(s1), to_expr(s2));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_map(Z3_context c, Z3_ast f, Z3_ast set) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_map(c, f, set);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(f, nullptr);
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(set, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_map(to_expr(f), to_expr(set));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_filter(Z3_context c, Z3_ast f, Z3_ast set) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_filter(c, f, set);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(f, nullptr);
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(set, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_filter(to_expr(f), to_expr(set));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_range(Z3_context c, Z3_ast low, Z3_ast high) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_mk_finite_set_range(c, low, high);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(low, nullptr);
+        CHECK_IS_EXPR(high, nullptr);
+        app* a = mk_c(c)->fsutil().mk_range(to_expr(low), to_expr(high));
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_fpa.cpp b/src/api/api_fpa.cpp
index c0cfcd079b..8ffbd4f13e 100644
--- a/src/api/api_fpa.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_fpa.cpp
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ extern "C" {
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
         if (ebits < 2 || sbits < 3) {
             SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "ebits should be at least 2, sbits at least 3");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
         }
         api::context * ctx = mk_c(c);
         sort * s = ctx->fpautil().mk_float_sort(ebits, sbits);
@@ -1336,4 +1337,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(false);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_goal.cpp b/src/api/api_goal.cpp
index 7ef619c9b3..ae7d832a93 100644
--- a/src/api/api_goal.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_goal.cpp
@@ -213,4 +213,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN("");
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_model.cpp b/src/api/api_model.cpp
index ce9c1c85cc..500cbce37e 100644
--- a/src/api/api_model.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_model.cpp
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ extern "C" {
         LOG_Z3_model_get_const_interp(c, m, a);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
         CHECK_NON_NULL(m, nullptr);
+        CHECK_NON_NULL(a, nullptr);
         expr * r = to_model_ref(m)->get_const_interp(to_func_decl(a));
         if (!r) {
             RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ extern "C" {
         model::scoped_model_completion _scm(*_m, model_completion);
         result = (*_m)(to_expr(t));
         mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(result.get());
-        *v = of_ast(result.get());
+        if (v) *v = of_ast(result.get());
         RETURN_Z3_model_eval true;
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(false);
     }
@@ -212,6 +213,10 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_model_translate(c, m, target);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        if (!target) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "null target context");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
+        }
         Z3_model_ref* dst = alloc(Z3_model_ref, *mk_c(target));
         ast_translation tr(mk_c(c)->m(), mk_c(target)->m());
         dst->m_model = to_model_ref(m)->translate(tr);
@@ -246,7 +251,8 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_add_func_interp(c, m, f, else_val);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
-		CHECK_NON_NULL(f, nullptr);
+        CHECK_NON_NULL(m, nullptr);
+        CHECK_NON_NULL(f, nullptr);
         func_decl* d = to_func_decl(f);
         model* mdl = to_model_ref(m);
         Z3_func_interp_ref * f_ref = alloc(Z3_func_interp_ref, *mk_c(c), mdl); 
@@ -442,4 +448,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_numeral.cpp b/src/api/api_numeral.cpp
index cee60272ef..d6cc5afbcb 100644
--- a/src/api/api_numeral.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_numeral.cpp
@@ -489,4 +489,4 @@ extern "C" {
     }
 #endif
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_opt.cpp b/src/api/api_opt.cpp
index 68c4844c3a..47f9dba6c0 100644
--- a/src/api/api_opt.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_opt.cpp
@@ -94,7 +94,11 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_optimize_assert_soft(c, o, a, weight, id);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
-        CHECK_FORMULA(a,0);        
+        CHECK_FORMULA(a,0);
+        if (!weight) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "null weight string");
+            return 0;
+        }
         rational w(weight);
         return to_optimize_ptr(o)->add_soft_constraint(to_expr(a), w, to_symbol(id));
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
@@ -499,4 +503,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_params.cpp b/src/api/api_params.cpp
index efd33cc057..acc3ab7c7a 100644
--- a/src/api/api_params.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_params.cpp
@@ -212,4 +212,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN("");
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_pb.cpp b/src/api/api_pb.cpp
index a51a7c0696..963fe7fa00 100644
--- a/src/api/api_pb.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_pb.cpp
@@ -106,4 +106,4 @@ extern "C" {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_polynomial.cpp b/src/api/api_polynomial.cpp
index 55d4a43a8e..ba8345aeeb 100644
--- a/src/api/api_polynomial.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_polynomial.cpp
@@ -80,4 +80,4 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_quant.cpp b/src/api/api_quant.cpp
index c495f253e0..de1c6ff48d 100644
--- a/src/api/api_quant.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_quant.cpp
@@ -321,6 +321,10 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_mk_pattern(c, num_patterns, terms);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        if (num_patterns == 0) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "pattern requires at least one term");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
+        }
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_patterns; ++i) {
             if (!is_app(to_expr(terms[i]))) {
                 SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, nullptr);
@@ -579,5 +583,5 @@ extern "C" {
         return Z3_ast_to_string(c, reinterpret_cast<Z3_ast>(p));
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/api/api_rcf.cpp b/src/api/api_rcf.cpp
index efbeea2e6c..49bc218f3a 100644
--- a/src/api/api_rcf.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_rcf.cpp
@@ -437,4 +437,4 @@ extern "C" {
         return from_rcnumeral(rcfm(c).get_sign_condition_coefficient(to_rcnumeral(a), i, j));
         Z3_CATCH_RETURN(nullptr);
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_seq.cpp b/src/api/api_seq.cpp
index cf199af411..94756cc584 100644
--- a/src/api/api_seq.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_seq.cpp
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_mk_string(c, str);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        if (!str) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "null string");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
+        }
         zstring s(str);
         app* a = mk_c(c)->sutil().str.mk_string(s);
         mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
@@ -59,6 +63,10 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_mk_lstring(c, sz, str);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        if (sz > 0 && !str) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "null string buffer");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
+        }
         unsigned_vector chs;
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) chs.push_back((unsigned char)str[i]);
         zstring s(sz, chs.data());
@@ -314,6 +322,10 @@ extern "C" {
         Z3_TRY;
         LOG_Z3_mk_re_loop(c, r, lo, hi);
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        if (hi != 0 && lo > hi) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG, "loop lower bound must not exceed upper bound");
+            RETURN_Z3(nullptr);
+        }
         app* a = hi == 0 ? mk_c(c)->sutil().re.mk_loop(to_expr(r), lo) : mk_c(c)->sutil().re.mk_loop(to_expr(r), lo, hi);
         mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(a);
         RETURN_Z3(of_ast(a));
@@ -357,4 +369,4 @@ extern "C" {
     MK_FOURARY(Z3_mk_seq_foldli, mk_c(c)->get_seq_fid(), OP_SEQ_FOLDLI, SKIP);
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_solver.cpp b/src/api/api_solver.cpp
index 1eb194b71a..2d39e3287a 100644
--- a/src/api/api_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_solver.cpp
@@ -379,14 +379,15 @@ extern "C" {
         LOG_Z3_solver_from_file(c, s, file_name);
         char const* ext = get_extension(file_name);
         std::ifstream is(file_name);
-        init_solver(c, s);
         if (!is) {
             SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR, nullptr);
         }
         else if (ext && (std::string("dimacs") == ext || std::string("cnf") == ext)) {
+            init_solver(c, s);
             solver_from_dimacs_stream(c, s, is);
         }
         else {
+            init_solver(c, s);
             solver_from_stream(c, s, is);
         }
         Z3_CATCH;
@@ -1153,24 +1154,24 @@ extern "C" {
     void Z3_API Z3_solver_propagate_created(Z3_context c, Z3_solver s, Z3_created_eh created_eh) {
         Z3_TRY;
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
-        user_propagator::created_eh_t c = (void(*)(void*, user_propagator::callback*, expr*))created_eh;
-        to_solver_ref(s)->user_propagate_register_created(c);
+        user_propagator::created_eh_t created_fn = (void(*)(void*, user_propagator::callback*, expr*))created_eh;
+        to_solver_ref(s)->user_propagate_register_created(created_fn);
         Z3_CATCH;
     }
 
     void Z3_API Z3_solver_propagate_decide(Z3_context c, Z3_solver s, Z3_decide_eh decide_eh) {
         Z3_TRY;
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
-        user_propagator::decide_eh_t c = (void(*)(void*, user_propagator::callback*, expr*, unsigned, bool))decide_eh;
-        to_solver_ref(s)->user_propagate_register_decide(c);
+        user_propagator::decide_eh_t decide_fn = (void(*)(void*, user_propagator::callback*, expr*, unsigned, bool))decide_eh;
+        to_solver_ref(s)->user_propagate_register_decide(decide_fn);
         Z3_CATCH;
     }
 
     void Z3_API Z3_solver_propagate_on_binding(Z3_context c, Z3_solver s, Z3_on_binding_eh binding_eh) {
         Z3_TRY;
         RESET_ERROR_CODE();
-        user_propagator::binding_eh_t c = (bool(*)(void*, user_propagator::callback*, expr*, expr*))binding_eh;
-        to_solver_ref(s)->user_propagate_register_on_binding(c);
+        user_propagator::binding_eh_t binding_fn = (bool(*)(void*, user_propagator::callback*, expr*, expr*))binding_eh;
+        to_solver_ref(s)->user_propagate_register_on_binding(binding_fn);
         Z3_CATCH;
     }
 
@@ -1217,4 +1218,4 @@ extern "C" {
 
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_special_relations.cpp b/src/api/api_special_relations.cpp
index f29254cba2..0063fe7863 100644
--- a/src/api/api_special_relations.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_special_relations.cpp
@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ extern "C" {
 }
 
     MK_DECL(Z3_mk_transitive_closure, OP_SPECIAL_RELATION_TC);
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_stats.cpp b/src/api/api_stats.cpp
index a3b8bacf07..b4f97716b7 100644
--- a/src/api/api_stats.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_stats.cpp
@@ -133,4 +133,4 @@ extern "C" {
         return memory::get_allocation_size();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_tactic.cpp b/src/api/api_tactic.cpp
index e0038d8b75..8a639727f5 100644
--- a/src/api/api_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/api/api_tactic.cpp
@@ -669,4 +669,4 @@ extern "C" {
 
     
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/api/api_util.h b/src/api/api_util.h
index ee38c4f275..a1715eaa09 100644
--- a/src/api/api_util.h
+++ b/src/api/api_util.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace api {
         void inc_ref();
         void dec_ref();
     };
-};
+}
 
 inline ast * to_ast(Z3_ast a) { return reinterpret_cast<ast *>(a); }
 inline Z3_ast of_ast(ast* a) { return reinterpret_cast<Z3_ast>(a); }
diff --git a/src/api/c++/z3++.h b/src/api/c++/z3++.h
index 08dc1489f8..9e8cc6796f 100644
--- a/src/api/c++/z3++.h
+++ b/src/api/c++/z3++.h
@@ -323,6 +323,10 @@ namespace z3 {
            \brief Return a regular expression sort over sequences \c seq_sort.
          */
         sort re_sort(sort& seq_sort);
+        /**
+           \brief Return a finite set sort over element sort \c s.
+         */
+        sort finite_set_sort(sort& s);
         /**
            \brief Return an array sort for arrays from \c d to \c r.
 
@@ -864,6 +868,44 @@ namespace z3 {
 
     };
 
+    class parser_context : public object {
+        Z3_parser_context m_pc;
+    public:
+        explicit parser_context(context & c):object(c), m_pc(Z3_mk_parser_context(c)) { Z3_parser_context_inc_ref(ctx(), m_pc); }
+        ~parser_context() override { if (m_pc) Z3_parser_context_dec_ref(ctx(), m_pc); }
+        explicit operator bool() const { return m_pc; }
+        operator Z3_parser_context() const { return m_pc; }
+        parser_context(const parser_context &o):object(o), m_pc(o.m_pc) { Z3_parser_context_inc_ref(ctx(), m_pc); }
+        parser_context &operator=(const parser_context &o) {
+            if (this != &o) {
+                if (m_pc) Z3_parser_context_dec_ref(*m_ctx, m_pc);
+                Z3_parser_context_inc_ref(*o.m_ctx, o.m_pc);
+                object::operator=(o);
+                m_pc = o.m_pc;
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+            \brief Add a sort declaration.
+         */
+        void add_sort(const sort & s) { Z3_parser_context_add_sort(ctx(), m_pc, s); check_error(); }
+
+        /**
+            \brief Add a function declaration.
+         */
+        void add_sort(const func_decl & f) { Z3_parser_context_add_decl(ctx(), m_pc, f); check_error(); }
+
+        /**
+            \brief Parse a string of SMTLIB2 commands. Return assertions.
+         */
+        expr_vector parse_string(const char * s) {
+            auto result = Z3_parser_context_from_string(ctx(), m_pc, s);
+            m_ctx->check_error();
+            return expr_vector(ctx(), result);
+        }
+    };
+
     /**
        \brief forward declarations
      */
@@ -1491,6 +1533,8 @@ namespace z3 {
         
         expr rotate_left(unsigned i) const { Z3_ast r = Z3_mk_rotate_left(ctx(), i, *this); ctx().check_error(); return expr(ctx(), r); }
         expr rotate_right(unsigned i) const { Z3_ast r = Z3_mk_rotate_right(ctx(), i, *this); ctx().check_error(); return expr(ctx(), r); }
+        expr ext_rotate_left(expr const& n) const { Z3_ast r = Z3_mk_ext_rotate_left(ctx(), *this, n); ctx().check_error(); return expr(ctx(), r); }
+        expr ext_rotate_right(expr const& n) const { Z3_ast r = Z3_mk_ext_rotate_right(ctx(), *this, n); ctx().check_error(); return expr(ctx(), r); }
         expr repeat(unsigned i) const { Z3_ast r = Z3_mk_repeat(ctx(), i, *this); ctx().check_error(); return expr(ctx(), r); }
 
         friend expr bvredor(expr const & a);
@@ -3663,6 +3707,7 @@ namespace z3 {
     inline sort context::char_sort() { Z3_sort s = Z3_mk_char_sort(m_ctx); check_error(); return sort(*this, s); }
     inline sort context::seq_sort(sort& s) { Z3_sort r = Z3_mk_seq_sort(m_ctx, s); check_error(); return sort(*this, r); }
     inline sort context::re_sort(sort& s) { Z3_sort r = Z3_mk_re_sort(m_ctx, s); check_error(); return sort(*this, r); }
+    inline sort context::finite_set_sort(sort& s) { Z3_sort r = Z3_mk_finite_set_sort(m_ctx, s); check_error(); return sort(*this, r); }
     inline sort context::fpa_sort(unsigned ebits, unsigned sbits) { Z3_sort s = Z3_mk_fpa_sort(m_ctx, ebits, sbits); check_error(); return sort(*this, s); }
 
     template<>
@@ -4264,6 +4309,54 @@ namespace z3 {
         MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_set_subset, a, b);
     }
 
+    // finite set operations
+
+    inline expr finite_set_empty(sort const& s) {
+        Z3_ast r = Z3_mk_finite_set_empty(s.ctx(), s);
+        s.check_error();
+        return expr(s.ctx(), r);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_singleton(expr const& e) {
+        MK_EXPR1(Z3_mk_finite_set_singleton, e);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_union(expr const& a, expr const& b) {
+        MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_finite_set_union, a, b);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_intersect(expr const& a, expr const& b) {
+        MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_finite_set_intersect, a, b);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_difference(expr const& a, expr const& b) {
+        MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_finite_set_difference, a, b);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_member(expr const& e, expr const& s) {
+        MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_finite_set_member, e, s);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_size(expr const& s) {
+        MK_EXPR1(Z3_mk_finite_set_size, s);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_subset(expr const& a, expr const& b) {
+        MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_finite_set_subset, a, b);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_map(expr const& f, expr const& s) {
+        MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_finite_set_map, f, s);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_filter(expr const& f, expr const& s) {
+        MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_finite_set_filter, f, s);
+    }
+
+    inline expr finite_set_range(expr const& low, expr const& high) {
+        MK_EXPR2(Z3_mk_finite_set_range, low, high);
+    }
+
     // sequence and regular expression operations.
     // union is +
     // concat is overloaded to handle sequences and regular expressions
@@ -4832,7 +4925,7 @@ namespace z3 {
         
         void check_context(rcf_num const& other) const {
             if (m_ctx != other.m_ctx) {
-                throw exception("rcf_num objects from different contexts");
+                Z3_THROW(exception("rcf_num objects from different contexts"));
             }
         }
         
@@ -5012,9 +5105,9 @@ namespace z3 {
     */
     inline std::vector<rcf_num> rcf_roots(context& c, std::vector<rcf_num> const& coeffs) {
         if (coeffs.empty()) {
-            throw exception("polynomial coefficients cannot be empty");
+            Z3_THROW(exception("polynomial coefficients cannot be empty"));
         }
-        
+
         unsigned n = static_cast<unsigned>(coeffs.size());
         std::vector<Z3_rcf_num> a(n);
         std::vector<Z3_rcf_num> roots(n);
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/CMakeLists.txt b/src/api/dotnet/CMakeLists.txt
index d3cb87bc71..3d3864139b 100644
--- a/src/api/dotnet/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ set(Z3_DOTNET_ASSEMBLY_SOURCES_IN_SRC_TREE
     FiniteDomainExpr.cs
     FiniteDomainNum.cs
     FiniteDomainSort.cs
+    FiniteSetSort.cs
     Fixedpoint.cs
     FPExpr.cs
     FPNum.cs
@@ -146,8 +147,13 @@ endforeach()
 set(Z3_DOTNET_NUPKG_VERSION "${VER_MAJOR}.${VER_MINOR}.${VER_BUILD}")
 if(TARGET_ARCHITECTURE STREQUAL "i686")
     set(Z3_DOTNET_PLATFORM "x86")
+    set(Z3_DOTNET_WIN_RID "win-x86")
+elseif(TARGET_ARCHITECTURE STREQUAL "arm64")
+    set(Z3_DOTNET_PLATFORM "AnyCPU")
+    set(Z3_DOTNET_WIN_RID "win-arm64")
 else()
     set(Z3_DOTNET_PLATFORM "AnyCPU")
+    set(Z3_DOTNET_WIN_RID "win-x64")
 endif()
 
 # TODO conditional for signing. we can then enable the ``Release_delaysign`` configuration
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/Context.cs b/src/api/dotnet/Context.cs
index 8ea4d70bcf..715c81626c 100644
--- a/src/api/dotnet/Context.cs
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/Context.cs
@@ -562,6 +562,63 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a type variable sort for use as a parameter in polymorphic datatypes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">name of the type variable</param>
+        public Sort MkTypeVariable(Symbol name)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(name != null);
+            CheckContextMatch(name);
+            return new Sort(this, Native.Z3_mk_type_variable(nCtx, name.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a type variable sort for use as a parameter in polymorphic datatypes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">name of the type variable</param>
+        public Sort MkTypeVariable(string name)
+        {
+            using var symbol = MkSymbol(name);
+            return MkTypeVariable(symbol);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a polymorphic datatype sort with explicit type parameters.
+        /// Type parameters should be sorts created with <see cref="MkTypeVariable(string)"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">name of the datatype sort</param>
+        /// <param name="typeParams">array of type variable sorts</param>
+        /// <param name="constructors">array of constructors</param>
+        public DatatypeSort MkPolymorphicDatatypeSort(Symbol name, Sort[] typeParams, Constructor[] constructors)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(name != null);
+            Debug.Assert(typeParams != null);
+            Debug.Assert(constructors != null);
+            Debug.Assert(constructors.All(c => c != null));
+
+            CheckContextMatch(name);
+            CheckContextMatch<Sort>(typeParams);
+            CheckContextMatch<Constructor>(constructors);
+            return new DatatypeSort(this,
+                Native.Z3_mk_polymorphic_datatype(nCtx, name.NativeObject,
+                    (uint)typeParams.Length, AST.ArrayToNative(typeParams),
+                    (uint)constructors.Length, Z3Object.ArrayToNative(constructors)));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a polymorphic datatype sort with explicit type parameters.
+        /// Type parameters should be sorts created with <see cref="MkTypeVariable(string)"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">name of the datatype sort</param>
+        /// <param name="typeParams">array of type variable sorts</param>
+        /// <param name="constructors">array of constructors</param>
+        public DatatypeSort MkPolymorphicDatatypeSort(string name, Sort[] typeParams, Constructor[] constructors)
+        {
+            using var symbol = MkSymbol(name);
+            return MkPolymorphicDatatypeSort(symbol, typeParams, constructors);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Update a datatype field at expression t with value v.
         /// The function performs a record update at t. The field
@@ -2442,6 +2499,180 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
 
         #endregion
 
+        #region Finite Sets
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a finite set sort over the given element sort.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FiniteSetSort MkFiniteSetSort(Sort elemSort)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(elemSort != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(elemSort);
+            return new FiniteSetSort(this, elemSort);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check if a sort is a finite set sort.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsFiniteSetSort(Sort s)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(s != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(s);
+            return Native.Z3_is_finite_set_sort(nCtx, s.NativeObject) != 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the element sort (basis) of a finite set sort.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Sort GetFiniteSetSortBasis(Sort s)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(s != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(s);
+            return Sort.Create(this, Native.Z3_get_finite_set_sort_basis(nCtx, s.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create an empty finite set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetEmpty(Sort setSort)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(setSort != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(setSort);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_empty(nCtx, setSort.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a singleton finite set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetSingleton(Expr elem)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(elem != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(elem);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_singleton(nCtx, elem.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create the union of two finite sets.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetUnion(Expr s1, Expr s2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(s1 != null);
+            Debug.Assert(s2 != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(s1);
+            CheckContextMatch(s2);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_union(nCtx, s1.NativeObject, s2.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create the intersection of two finite sets.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetIntersect(Expr s1, Expr s2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(s1 != null);
+            Debug.Assert(s2 != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(s1);
+            CheckContextMatch(s2);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_intersect(nCtx, s1.NativeObject, s2.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create the difference of two finite sets.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetDifference(Expr s1, Expr s2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(s1 != null);
+            Debug.Assert(s2 != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(s1);
+            CheckContextMatch(s2);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_difference(nCtx, s1.NativeObject, s2.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check for membership in a finite set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BoolExpr MkFiniteSetMember(Expr elem, Expr set)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(elem != null);
+            Debug.Assert(set != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(elem);
+            CheckContextMatch(set);
+            return (BoolExpr)Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_member(nCtx, elem.NativeObject, set.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the cardinality of a finite set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetSize(Expr set)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(set != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(set);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_size(nCtx, set.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check if one finite set is a subset of another.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BoolExpr MkFiniteSetSubset(Expr s1, Expr s2)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(s1 != null);
+            Debug.Assert(s2 != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(s1);
+            CheckContextMatch(s2);
+            return (BoolExpr)Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_subset(nCtx, s1.NativeObject, s2.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Map a function over all elements in a finite set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetMap(Expr f, Expr set)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(f != null);
+            Debug.Assert(set != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(f);
+            CheckContextMatch(set);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_map(nCtx, f.NativeObject, set.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Filter a finite set with a predicate.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetFilter(Expr f, Expr set)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(f != null);
+            Debug.Assert(set != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(f);
+            CheckContextMatch(set);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_filter(nCtx, f.NativeObject, set.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a finite set containing integers in the range [low, high].
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expr MkFiniteSetRange(Expr low, Expr high)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(low != null);
+            Debug.Assert(high != null);
+
+            CheckContextMatch(low);
+            CheckContextMatch(high);
+            return Expr.Create(this, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_range(nCtx, low.NativeObject, high.NativeObject));
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
         #region Sequence, string and regular expressions
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -5025,6 +5256,11 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         internal IntPtr nCtx { get { return m_ctx; } }
         private Z3_ast_print_mode m_print_mode = Z3_ast_print_mode.Z3_PRINT_SMTLIB2_COMPLIANT;
 
+        // Estimated native memory used per context, for GC memory pressure hints.
+        // The value is a conservative lower bound; actual usage may exceed this.
+        private const long NativeMemoryPressureEstimate = 8 * 1024 * 1024; // 8 MB
+        private bool m_memPressureAdded = false;
+
         internal void NativeErrorHandler(IntPtr ctx, Z3_error_code errorCode)
         {
             // Do-nothing error handler. The wrappers in Z3.Native will throw exceptions upon errors.
@@ -5035,6 +5271,11 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             PrintMode = Z3_ast_print_mode.Z3_PRINT_SMTLIB2_COMPLIANT;
             m_n_err_handler = new Native.Z3_error_handler(NativeErrorHandler); // keep reference so it doesn't get collected.
             Native.Z3_set_error_handler(m_ctx, m_n_err_handler);
+            if (!is_external)
+            {
+                GC.AddMemoryPressure(NativeMemoryPressureEstimate);
+                m_memPressureAdded = true;
+            }
         }
 
         internal void CheckContextMatch(Z3Object other)
@@ -5124,17 +5365,38 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             m_charSort = null;
             if (m_ctx != IntPtr.Zero)
             {
-                IntPtr ctx = m_ctx;
+                // Suppress the finalizer before performing cleanup so that it cannot
+                // run concurrently or redundantly if cleanup raises an exception.
+                GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+                IntPtr ctx;
+                // Keep a local reference to the error handler delegate to ensure it stays
+                // alive throughout Z3_del_context. Setting m_n_err_handler = null releases
+                // the field reference; without the local variable the GC could collect the
+                // delegate before the native destructor finishes using the handler.
+                Native.Z3_error_handler errHandler;
                 lock (this)
                 {
+                    ctx = m_ctx;
+                    errHandler = m_n_err_handler;
                     m_n_err_handler = null;
                     m_ctx = IntPtr.Zero;
                 }
-                if (!is_external)
-                    Native.Z3_del_context(ctx);
+                // ctx is non-zero only for the thread that wins the lock and zeros m_ctx,
+                // preventing double-free when Dispose() is called concurrently.
+                if (ctx != IntPtr.Zero)
+                {
+                    if (!is_external)
+                    {
+                        Native.Z3_del_context(ctx);
+                        GC.KeepAlive(errHandler);
+                    }
+                    if (m_memPressureAdded)
+                    {
+                        GC.RemoveMemoryPressure(NativeMemoryPressureEstimate);
+                        m_memPressureAdded = false;
+                    }
+                }
             }
-
-            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
         }
 
 
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/FiniteSetSort.cs b/src/api/dotnet/FiniteSetSort.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dda981cf90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/FiniteSetSort.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2024 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    FiniteSetSort.cs
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Z3 Managed API: Finite Set Sorts
+
+Author:
+
+    GitHub Copilot
+
+Notes:
+    
+--*/
+
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Z3
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Finite set sorts.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class FiniteSetSort : Sort
+    {
+        #region Internal
+        internal FiniteSetSort(Context ctx, IntPtr obj)
+            : base(ctx, obj)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ctx != null);
+        }
+
+        internal FiniteSetSort(Context ctx, Sort elemSort)
+            : base(ctx, Native.Z3_mk_finite_set_sort(ctx.nCtx, elemSort.NativeObject))
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ctx != null);
+            Debug.Assert(elemSort != null);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the element sort (basis) of this finite set sort.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Sort Basis
+        {
+            get { return Sort.Create(Context, Native.Z3_get_finite_set_sort_basis(Context.nCtx, NativeObject)); }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.csproj.in b/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.csproj.in
index ec136809d4..55cb100be3 100644
--- a/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.csproj.in
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.csproj.in
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
     <Warn>4</Warn>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
     <DocumentationFile>$(OutputPath)\Microsoft.Z3.xml</DocumentationFile>
+    <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <!-- Compilation items -->
@@ -84,10 +85,10 @@ ${Z3_DOTNET_COMPILE_ITEMS}
 
   <!-- TODO we may want to pack x64 and x86 native assemblies into a single nupkg -->
 
-  <!-- Native binaries x64 -->
+  <!-- Native binaries x64/arm64 -->
   <ItemGroup Condition="'$(Platform)' != 'x86'">
-    <Content Include="${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/$(_DN_CMAKE_CONFIG)/libz3.dll" Condition="Exists('${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/$(_DN_CMAKE_CONFIG)/libz3.dll')">
-      <PackagePath>runtimes\win-x64\native</PackagePath>
+    <Content Include="${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libz3.dll" Condition="Exists('${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libz3.dll')">
+      <PackagePath>runtimes\${Z3_DOTNET_WIN_RID}\native</PackagePath>
     </Content>
     <Content Include="${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libz3.so" Condition="Exists('${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libz3.so')">
       <PackagePath>runtimes\linux-x64\native</PackagePath>
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ ${Z3_DOTNET_COMPILE_ITEMS}
 
   <!-- Native binaries for x86; currently only Windows is supported. -->
   <ItemGroup Condition="'$(Platform)' == 'x86'">
-    <Content Include="${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/$(_DN_CMAKE_CONFIG)/libz3.dll" Condition="Exists('${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/$(_DN_CMAKE_CONFIG)/libz3.dll')">
+    <Content Include="${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libz3.dll" Condition="Exists('${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}/libz3.dll')">
       <PackagePath>runtimes\win-x86\native</PackagePath>
     </Content>
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.props b/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.props
index a5db71359c..4625fdd180 100644
--- a/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.props
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.props
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 
     <!-- Probe the package root path -->
     <Z3_PACKAGE_PATH Condition="('$(Z3_PACKAGE_PATH)' == '')">$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\</Z3_PACKAGE_PATH>
-    <Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH Condition="'$(IsWindows)' == 'true' and '$(Platform)' != 'x86'">$(Z3_PACKAGE_PATH)runtimes\win-x64\native\libz3.dll</Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH>
+    <Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH Condition="'$(IsWindows)' == 'true' and '$(Platform)' == 'arm64'">$(Z3_PACKAGE_PATH)runtimes\win-arm64\native\libz3.dll</Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH>
+    <Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH Condition="'$(IsWindows)' == 'true' and '$(Platform)' != 'x86' and '$(Platform)' != 'arm64'">$(Z3_PACKAGE_PATH)runtimes\win-x64\native\libz3.dll</Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH>
     <Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH Condition="'$(IsWindows)' == 'true' and '$(Platform)' == 'x86'">$(Z3_PACKAGE_PATH)runtimes\win-x86\native\libz3.dll</Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH>
     <Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH Condition="'$(IsLinux)' == 'true'">$(Z3_PACKAGE_PATH)runtimes\linux-x64\native\libz3.so</Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH>
   </PropertyGroup>
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.targets b/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.targets
index 38e56b350b..a1436242cf 100644
--- a/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.targets
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/Microsoft.Z3.targets
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
 
-  <ItemGroup Condition="!$(TargetFramework.Contains('netstandard')) and !$(TargetFramework.Contains('netcoreapp'))">
+  <ItemGroup Condition="!$(TargetFramework.Contains('netstandard')) and !$(TargetFramework.Contains('netcoreapp')) and !$(TargetFramework.Contains('.'))">
     <None Include="$(Z3_NATIVE_LIB_PATH)">
       <Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(FileName)%(Extension)</Link>
       <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/NativeContext.cs b/src/api/dotnet/NativeContext.cs
index afae66e468..0b0b71f73f 100644
--- a/src/api/dotnet/NativeContext.cs
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/NativeContext.cs
@@ -1334,6 +1334,11 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         internal Native.Z3_error_handler m_n_err_handler = null;
         internal IntPtr nCtx { get { return m_ctx; } }
 
+        // Estimated native memory used per context, for GC memory pressure hints.
+        // The value is a conservative lower bound; actual usage may exceed this.
+        private const long NativeMemoryPressureEstimate = 8 * 1024 * 1024; // 8 MB
+        private bool m_memPressureAdded = false;
+
         internal void NativeErrorHandler(IntPtr ctx, Z3_error_code errorCode)
         {
             // Do-nothing error handler. The wrappers in Z3.Native will throw exceptions upon errors.
@@ -1344,8 +1349,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             PrintMode = Z3_ast_print_mode.Z3_PRINT_SMTLIB2_COMPLIANT;
             m_n_err_handler = new Native.Z3_error_handler(NativeErrorHandler); // keep reference so it doesn't get collected.
             Native.Z3_set_error_handler(m_ctx, m_n_err_handler);
-
-            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+            GC.AddMemoryPressure(NativeMemoryPressureEstimate);
+            m_memPressureAdded = true;
         }
 
         #endregion
@@ -1365,20 +1370,39 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
 
         #region Dispose
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finalizer.
+        /// </summary>
+        ~NativeContext()
+        {
+            Dispose();
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Disposes of the context.
         /// </summary>
         public void Dispose()
         {
-            if (m_ctx != IntPtr.Zero)
+            IntPtr ctx = System.Threading.Interlocked.Exchange(ref m_ctx, IntPtr.Zero);
+            if (ctx != IntPtr.Zero)
             {
+                // Suppress the finalizer before performing cleanup so that it cannot
+                // run concurrently or redundantly if cleanup raises an exception.
+                GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+                // Keep a local reference to the error handler delegate to ensure it stays
+                // alive throughout Z3_del_context. Setting m_n_err_handler = null releases
+                // the field reference; without the local variable the GC could collect the
+                // delegate before the native destructor finishes using the handler.
+                var errHandler = m_n_err_handler;
                 m_n_err_handler = null;
-                IntPtr ctx = m_ctx;
-                m_ctx = IntPtr.Zero;
                 Native.Z3_del_context(ctx);
+                GC.KeepAlive(errHandler);
+                if (m_memPressureAdded)
+                {
+                    GC.RemoveMemoryPressure(NativeMemoryPressureEstimate);
+                    m_memPressureAdded = false;
+                }
             }
-            else
-                GC.ReRegisterForFinalize(this);
         }
         #endregion
 
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/Optimize.cs b/src/api/dotnet/Optimize.cs
index 3a54df5d9b..da3b1eb521 100644
--- a/src/api/dotnet/Optimize.cs
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/Optimize.cs
@@ -437,6 +437,16 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
         }
 
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set an initial value for a variable to guide the optimizer's search heuristics.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SetInitialValue(Expr var, Expr value)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(var != null);
+            Debug.Assert(value != null);
+            Native.Z3_optimize_set_initial_value(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, var.NativeObject, value.NativeObject);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Optimize statistics.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/src/api/dotnet/Solver.cs b/src/api/dotnet/Solver.cs
index 4b57257d87..f716301e48 100644
--- a/src/api/dotnet/Solver.cs
+++ b/src/api/dotnet/Solver.cs
@@ -650,6 +650,17 @@ namespace Microsoft.Z3
             return Context.BenchmarkToSmtlibString("", "", status, "", assumptions, formula);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Convert the solver's Boolean formula to DIMACS CNF format.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="includeNames">If true, include variable names in the DIMACS output. Default is true.</param>
+        /// <returns>A string containing the DIMACS CNF representation.</returns>
+        public string ToDimacs(bool includeNames = true)
+        {
+            byte includeNamesByte = includeNames ? (byte)1 : (byte)0;
+            return Native.Z3_solver_to_dimacs_string(Context.nCtx, NativeObject, includeNamesByte);
+        }
+
         #region Internal
         internal Solver(Context ctx, IntPtr obj)
             : base(ctx, obj)
diff --git a/src/api/go/README.md b/src/api/go/README.md
index 8814b72a1e..e499cea244 100644
--- a/src/api/go/README.md
+++ b/src/api/go/README.md
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ go run basic_example.go
 
 ## Memory Management
 
-The Go bindings use `runtime.SetFinalizer` to automatically manage Z3 reference counts. You don't need to manually call inc_ref/dec_ref. However, be aware that finalizers run during garbage collection, so resources may not be freed immediately.
+The Go bindings use `runtime.SetFinalizer` to automatically manage Z3 reference counts. You don't need to manually call inc_ref/dec_ref. However, be aware that finalizers run during garbage collection, so resources may not be freed immediately. The bindings enable `Z3_enable_concurrent_dec_ref` when creating contexts so finalizer-driven decref operations are safe with concurrent GC.
 
 ## Thread Safety
 
diff --git a/src/api/go/arith.go b/src/api/go/arith.go
index 12c01e195b..927d828bca 100644
--- a/src/api/go/arith.go
+++ b/src/api/go/arith.go
@@ -124,3 +124,33 @@ func (c *Context) MkGt(lhs, rhs *Expr) *Expr {
 func (c *Context) MkGe(lhs, rhs *Expr) *Expr {
 	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_ge(c.ptr, lhs.ptr, rhs.ptr))
 }
+
+// MkPower creates an exponentiation expression (base^exp).
+func (c *Context) MkPower(base, exp *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_power(c.ptr, base.ptr, exp.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkAbs creates an absolute value expression.
+func (c *Context) MkAbs(arg *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_abs(c.ptr, arg.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkInt2Real coerces an integer expression to a real.
+func (c *Context) MkInt2Real(arg *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_int2real(c.ptr, arg.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkReal2Int converts a real expression to an integer (floor).
+func (c *Context) MkReal2Int(arg *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_real2int(c.ptr, arg.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkIsInt creates a predicate that checks whether a real expression is an integer.
+func (c *Context) MkIsInt(arg *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_is_int(c.ptr, arg.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkDivides creates an integer divisibility predicate (t1 divides t2).
+func (c *Context) MkDivides(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_divides(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/array.go b/src/api/go/array.go
index 98e947301d..6a0017457d 100644
--- a/src/api/go/array.go
+++ b/src/api/go/array.go
@@ -27,3 +27,60 @@ func (c *Context) MkStore(array, index, value *Expr) *Expr {
 func (c *Context) MkConstArray(sort *Sort, value *Expr) *Expr {
 	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_const_array(c.ptr, sort.ptr, value.ptr))
 }
+
+// MkSelectN creates a multi-index array read (select) operation.
+func (c *Context) MkSelectN(array *Expr, indices []*Expr) *Expr {
+	idxs := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(indices))
+	for i, idx := range indices {
+		idxs[i] = idx.ptr
+	}
+	var idxsPtr *C.Z3_ast
+	if len(idxs) > 0 {
+		idxsPtr = &idxs[0]
+	}
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_select_n(c.ptr, array.ptr, C.uint(len(idxs)), idxsPtr))
+}
+
+// MkStoreN creates a multi-index array write (store) operation.
+func (c *Context) MkStoreN(array *Expr, indices []*Expr, value *Expr) *Expr {
+	idxs := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(indices))
+	for i, idx := range indices {
+		idxs[i] = idx.ptr
+	}
+	var idxsPtr *C.Z3_ast
+	if len(idxs) > 0 {
+		idxsPtr = &idxs[0]
+	}
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_store_n(c.ptr, array.ptr, C.uint(len(idxs)), idxsPtr, value.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkArrayDefault returns the default value of an array.
+func (c *Context) MkArrayDefault(array *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_array_default(c.ptr, array.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkArrayExt returns the extensionality witness for two arrays.
+// Two arrays are equal if and only if they are equal on the index returned by MkArrayExt.
+func (c *Context) MkArrayExt(a1, a2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_array_ext(c.ptr, a1.ptr, a2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkAsArray creates an array from a function declaration.
+// The resulting array maps each input to the output of the function.
+func (c *Context) MkAsArray(f *FuncDecl) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_as_array(c.ptr, f.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkMap applies a function to the elements of one or more arrays, returning a new array.
+// The function f is applied element-wise to the given arrays.
+func (c *Context) MkMap(f *FuncDecl, arrays ...*Expr) *Expr {
+	cArrays := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(arrays))
+	for i, a := range arrays {
+		cArrays[i] = a.ptr
+	}
+	var cArraysPtr *C.Z3_ast
+	if len(cArrays) > 0 {
+		cArraysPtr = &cArrays[0]
+	}
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_map(c.ptr, f.ptr, C.uint(len(arrays)), cArraysPtr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/bitvec.go b/src/api/go/bitvec.go
index 9ffd220ac7..89eb340399 100644
--- a/src/api/go/bitvec.go
+++ b/src/api/go/bitvec.go
@@ -158,3 +158,88 @@ func (c *Context) MkSignExt(i uint, expr *Expr) *Expr {
 func (c *Context) MkZeroExt(i uint, expr *Expr) *Expr {
 	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_zero_ext(c.ptr, C.uint(i), expr.ptr))
 }
+
+// MkBVRotateLeft rotates the bits of t to the left by i positions.
+func (c *Context) MkBVRotateLeft(i uint, t *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_rotate_left(c.ptr, C.uint(i), t.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVRotateRight rotates the bits of t to the right by i positions.
+func (c *Context) MkBVRotateRight(i uint, t *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_rotate_right(c.ptr, C.uint(i), t.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkRepeat repeats the given bit-vector t a total of i times.
+func (c *Context) MkRepeat(i uint, t *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_repeat(c.ptr, C.uint(i), t.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVAddNoOverflow creates a predicate that checks that the bit-wise addition
+// of t1 and t2 does not overflow. If isSigned is true, checks for signed overflow.
+func (c *Context) MkBVAddNoOverflow(t1, t2 *Expr, isSigned bool) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvadd_no_overflow(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr, C.bool(isSigned)))
+}
+
+// MkBVAddNoUnderflow creates a predicate that checks that the bit-wise signed addition
+// of t1 and t2 does not underflow.
+func (c *Context) MkBVAddNoUnderflow(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvadd_no_underflow(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVSubNoOverflow creates a predicate that checks that the bit-wise signed subtraction
+// of t1 and t2 does not overflow.
+func (c *Context) MkBVSubNoOverflow(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvsub_no_overflow(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVSubNoUnderflow creates a predicate that checks that the bit-wise subtraction
+// of t1 and t2 does not underflow. If isSigned is true, checks for signed underflow.
+func (c *Context) MkBVSubNoUnderflow(t1, t2 *Expr, isSigned bool) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvsub_no_underflow(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr, C.bool(isSigned)))
+}
+
+// MkBVSdivNoOverflow creates a predicate that checks that the bit-wise signed division
+// of t1 and t2 does not overflow.
+func (c *Context) MkBVSdivNoOverflow(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvsdiv_no_overflow(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVNegNoOverflow creates a predicate that checks that bit-wise negation does not overflow
+// when t1 is interpreted as a signed bit-vector.
+func (c *Context) MkBVNegNoOverflow(t1 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvneg_no_overflow(c.ptr, t1.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVMulNoOverflow creates a predicate that checks that the bit-wise multiplication
+// of t1 and t2 does not overflow. If isSigned is true, checks for signed overflow.
+func (c *Context) MkBVMulNoOverflow(t1, t2 *Expr, isSigned bool) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvmul_no_overflow(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr, C.bool(isSigned)))
+}
+
+// MkBVMulNoUnderflow creates a predicate that checks that the bit-wise signed multiplication
+// of t1 and t2 does not underflow.
+func (c *Context) MkBVMulNoUnderflow(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvmul_no_underflow(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVRedAnd computes the bitwise AND reduction of a bit-vector, returning a 1-bit vector.
+func (c *Context) MkBVRedAnd(t *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvredand(c.ptr, t.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVRedOr computes the bitwise OR reduction of a bit-vector, returning a 1-bit vector.
+func (c *Context) MkBVRedOr(t *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_bvredor(c.ptr, t.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVExtRotateLeft rotates the bits of t1 to the left by the number of bits given by t2.
+// Both t1 and t2 must be bit-vectors of the same width.
+func (c *Context) MkBVExtRotateLeft(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_ext_rotate_left(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkBVExtRotateRight rotates the bits of t1 to the right by the number of bits given by t2.
+// Both t1 and t2 must be bit-vectors of the same width.
+func (c *Context) MkBVExtRotateRight(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_ext_rotate_right(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/char.go b/src/api/go/char.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..846101f96b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/char.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package z3
+
+/*
+#include "z3.h"
+*/
+import "C"
+
+// Char operations
+
+// MkCharSort creates the character sort (Unicode characters).
+func (c *Context) MkCharSort() *Sort {
+	return newSort(c, C.Z3_mk_char_sort(c.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkChar creates a character literal from a Unicode code point.
+func (c *Context) MkChar(ch uint) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_char(c.ptr, C.uint(ch)))
+}
+
+// MkCharLe creates a character less-than-or-equal predicate (ch1 ≤ ch2).
+func (c *Context) MkCharLe(ch1, ch2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_char_le(c.ptr, ch1.ptr, ch2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkCharToInt converts a character to its integer (Unicode code point) value.
+func (c *Context) MkCharToInt(ch *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_char_to_int(c.ptr, ch.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkCharToBV converts a character to a bit-vector.
+func (c *Context) MkCharToBV(ch *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_char_to_bv(c.ptr, ch.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkCharFromBV converts a bit-vector to a character.
+func (c *Context) MkCharFromBV(bv *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_char_from_bv(c.ptr, bv.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkCharIsDigit creates a predicate that is true if the character is a decimal digit.
+func (c *Context) MkCharIsDigit(ch *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_char_is_digit(c.ptr, ch.ptr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/datatype.go b/src/api/go/datatype.go
index f4ae8a4d45..fc5e1c187e 100644
--- a/src/api/go/datatype.go
+++ b/src/api/go/datatype.go
@@ -127,6 +127,41 @@ func (c *Context) MkDatatypeSort(name string, constructors []*Constructor) *Sort
 	return newSort(c, C.Z3_mk_datatype(c.ptr, sym.ptr, C.uint(numCons), &cons[0]))
 }
 
+// MkPolymorphicDatatypeSort creates a polymorphic datatype sort with explicit type parameters.
+// typeParams should be sorts created with MkTypeVariable.
+// Self-recursive field sorts should be passed as nil; use the fieldSortRefs parameter in
+// MkConstructor to indicate the recursive reference by index.
+func (c *Context) MkPolymorphicDatatypeSort(name string, typeParams []*Sort, constructors []*Constructor) *Sort {
+	sym := c.MkStringSymbol(name)
+
+	numParams := len(typeParams)
+	numCons := len(constructors)
+
+	var paramPtr *C.Z3_sort
+	if numParams > 0 {
+		paramPtrs := make([]C.Z3_sort, numParams)
+		for i, p := range typeParams {
+			paramPtrs[i] = p.ptr
+		}
+		paramPtr = &paramPtrs[0]
+	}
+
+	var consPtr *C.Z3_constructor
+	if numCons > 0 {
+		consPtrs := make([]C.Z3_constructor, numCons)
+		for i, cons := range constructors {
+			consPtrs[i] = cons.ptr
+		}
+		consPtr = &consPtrs[0]
+	}
+
+	return newSort(c, C.Z3_mk_polymorphic_datatype(
+		c.ptr, sym.ptr,
+		C.uint(numParams), paramPtr,
+		C.uint(numCons), consPtr,
+	))
+}
+
 // MkDatatypeSorts creates multiple mutually recursive datatype sorts.
 func (c *Context) MkDatatypeSorts(names []string, constructorLists [][]*Constructor) []*Sort {
 	numTypes := uint(len(names))
diff --git a/src/api/go/finiteset.go b/src/api/go/finiteset.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffecef8c48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/finiteset.go
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package z3
+
+/*
+#include "z3.h"
+*/
+import "C"
+
+// Finite set operations
+
+// MkFiniteSetSort creates a finite set sort with the given element sort.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetSort(elemSort *Sort) *Sort {
+	return newSort(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_sort(c.ptr, elemSort.ptr))
+}
+
+// IsFiniteSetSort returns true if the given sort is a finite set sort.
+func (c *Context) IsFiniteSetSort(s *Sort) bool {
+	return bool(C.Z3_is_finite_set_sort(c.ptr, s.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetFiniteSetSortBasis returns the element sort of a finite set sort.
+func (c *Context) GetFiniteSetSortBasis(s *Sort) *Sort {
+	return newSort(c, C.Z3_get_finite_set_sort_basis(c.ptr, s.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetEmpty creates an empty finite set of the given sort.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetEmpty(setSort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_empty(c.ptr, setSort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetSingleton creates a singleton finite set containing the given element.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetSingleton(elem *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_singleton(c.ptr, elem.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetUnion creates the union of two finite sets.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetUnion(s1, s2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_union(c.ptr, s1.ptr, s2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetIntersect creates the intersection of two finite sets.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetIntersect(s1, s2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_intersect(c.ptr, s1.ptr, s2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetDifference creates the set difference of two finite sets (s1 \ s2).
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetDifference(s1, s2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_difference(c.ptr, s1.ptr, s2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetMember creates a membership predicate: elem ∈ set.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetMember(elem, set *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_member(c.ptr, elem.ptr, set.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetSize creates an expression for the cardinality of a finite set.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetSize(set *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_size(c.ptr, set.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetSubset creates a subset predicate: s1 ⊆ s2.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetSubset(s1, s2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_subset(c.ptr, s1.ptr, s2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetMap applies a function to all elements of a finite set.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetMap(f, set *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_map(c.ptr, f.ptr, set.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetFilter filters a finite set using a predicate function.
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetFilter(f, set *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_filter(c.ptr, f.ptr, set.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFiniteSetRange creates a finite set of integers in the range [low, high].
+func (c *Context) MkFiniteSetRange(low, high *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_finite_set_range(c.ptr, low.ptr, high.ptr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/fixedpoint.go b/src/api/go/fixedpoint.go
index ab28569fc5..55db062f47 100644
--- a/src/api/go/fixedpoint.go
+++ b/src/api/go/fixedpoint.go
@@ -218,6 +218,59 @@ func (f *Fixedpoint) FromFile(filename string) {
 	C.Z3_fixedpoint_from_file(f.ctx.ptr, f.ptr, cstr)
 }
 
+// QueryFromLvl poses a query against the asserted rules at the given level.
+// This is a Spacer-specific function.
+func (f *Fixedpoint) QueryFromLvl(query *Expr, lvl uint) Status {
+	result := C.Z3_fixedpoint_query_from_lvl(f.ctx.ptr, f.ptr, query.ptr, C.uint(lvl))
+	switch result {
+	case C.Z3_L_TRUE:
+		return Satisfiable
+	case C.Z3_L_FALSE:
+		return Unsatisfiable
+	default:
+		return Unknown
+	}
+}
+
+// GetGroundSatAnswer retrieves a bottom-up sequence of ground facts.
+// The previous call to Query or QueryFromLvl must have returned Satisfiable.
+// This is a Spacer-specific function.
+func (f *Fixedpoint) GetGroundSatAnswer() *Expr {
+	ptr := C.Z3_fixedpoint_get_ground_sat_answer(f.ctx.ptr, f.ptr)
+	if ptr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return newExpr(f.ctx, ptr)
+}
+
+// GetRulesAlongTrace returns the list of rules along the counterexample trace.
+// This is a Spacer-specific function.
+func (f *Fixedpoint) GetRulesAlongTrace() *ASTVector {
+	return newASTVector(f.ctx, C.Z3_fixedpoint_get_rules_along_trace(f.ctx.ptr, f.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetRuleNamesAlongTrace returns the list of rule names along the counterexample trace.
+// This is a Spacer-specific function.
+func (f *Fixedpoint) GetRuleNamesAlongTrace() *Symbol {
+	return newSymbol(f.ctx, C.Z3_fixedpoint_get_rule_names_along_trace(f.ctx.ptr, f.ptr))
+}
+
+// AddInvariant adds an assumed invariant for the predicate pred.
+// This is a Spacer-specific function.
+func (f *Fixedpoint) AddInvariant(pred *FuncDecl, property *Expr) {
+	C.Z3_fixedpoint_add_invariant(f.ctx.ptr, f.ptr, pred.ptr, property.ptr)
+}
+
+// GetReachable retrieves the reachable states of a predicate.
+// This is a Spacer-specific function.
+func (f *Fixedpoint) GetReachable(pred *FuncDecl) *Expr {
+	ptr := C.Z3_fixedpoint_get_reachable(f.ctx.ptr, f.ptr, pred.ptr)
+	if ptr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return newExpr(f.ctx, ptr)
+}
+
 // Statistics represents statistics for Z3 solvers
 type Statistics struct {
 	ctx *Context
diff --git a/src/api/go/fp.go b/src/api/go/fp.go
index 116d681aab..4db2d847e5 100644
--- a/src/api/go/fp.go
+++ b/src/api/go/fp.go
@@ -137,3 +137,148 @@ func (c *Context) MkFPIsInf(expr *Expr) *Expr {
 func (c *Context) MkFPIsZero(expr *Expr) *Expr {
 	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_is_zero(c.ptr, expr.ptr))
 }
+
+// MkFPIsNormal creates a predicate checking if a floating-point number is normal.
+func (c *Context) MkFPIsNormal(expr *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_is_normal(c.ptr, expr.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPIsSubnormal creates a predicate checking if a floating-point number is subnormal.
+func (c *Context) MkFPIsSubnormal(expr *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_is_subnormal(c.ptr, expr.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPIsNegative creates a predicate checking if a floating-point number is negative.
+func (c *Context) MkFPIsNegative(expr *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_is_negative(c.ptr, expr.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPIsPositive creates a predicate checking if a floating-point number is positive.
+func (c *Context) MkFPIsPositive(expr *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_is_positive(c.ptr, expr.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPToIEEEBV converts a floating-point number to its IEEE 754 bit-vector representation.
+func (c *Context) MkFPToIEEEBV(expr *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_ieee_bv(c.ptr, expr.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPToReal converts a floating-point number to a real number.
+func (c *Context) MkFPToReal(expr *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_real(c.ptr, expr.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPRNE creates the round-nearest-ties-to-even rounding mode.
+func (c *Context) MkFPRNE() *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_rne(c.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPRNA creates the round-nearest-ties-to-away rounding mode.
+func (c *Context) MkFPRNA() *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_rna(c.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPRTP creates the round-toward-positive rounding mode.
+func (c *Context) MkFPRTP() *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_rtp(c.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPRTN creates the round-toward-negative rounding mode.
+func (c *Context) MkFPRTN() *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_rtn(c.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPRTZ creates the round-toward-zero rounding mode.
+func (c *Context) MkFPRTZ() *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_rtz(c.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPFP creates a floating-point number from a sign bit (1-bit BV), exponent BV, and significand BV.
+func (c *Context) MkFPFP(sgn, exp, sig *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_fp(c.ptr, sgn.ptr, exp.ptr, sig.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPNumeralFloat creates a floating-point numeral from a float32 value.
+func (c *Context) MkFPNumeralFloat(v float32, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_numeral_float(c.ptr, C.float(v), sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPNumeralDouble creates a floating-point numeral from a float64 value.
+func (c *Context) MkFPNumeralDouble(v float64, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_numeral_double(c.ptr, C.double(v), sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPNumeralInt creates a floating-point numeral from a signed integer.
+func (c *Context) MkFPNumeralInt(v int, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_numeral_int(c.ptr, C.int(v), sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPNumeralIntUint creates a floating-point numeral from a sign, signed exponent, and unsigned significand.
+func (c *Context) MkFPNumeralIntUint(sgn bool, exp int, sig uint, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_numeral_int_uint(c.ptr, C.bool(sgn), C.int(exp), C.uint(sig), sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPNumeralInt64Uint64 creates a floating-point numeral from a sign, int64 exponent, and uint64 significand.
+func (c *Context) MkFPNumeralInt64Uint64(sgn bool, exp int64, sig uint64, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_numeral_int64_uint64(c.ptr, C.bool(sgn), C.int64_t(exp), C.uint64_t(sig), sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPFMA creates a floating-point fused multiply-add: round((t1 * t2) + t3, rm).
+func (c *Context) MkFPFMA(rm, t1, t2, t3 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_fma(c.ptr, rm.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr, t3.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPRem creates a floating-point remainder.
+func (c *Context) MkFPRem(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_rem(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPMin creates the minimum of two floating-point values.
+func (c *Context) MkFPMin(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_min(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPMax creates the maximum of two floating-point values.
+func (c *Context) MkFPMax(t1, t2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_max(c.ptr, t1.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPRoundToIntegral creates a floating-point round-to-integral operation.
+func (c *Context) MkFPRoundToIntegral(rm, t *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_round_to_integral(c.ptr, rm.ptr, t.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPToFPBV converts a bit-vector to a floating-point number (reinterpretation of IEEE 754 bits).
+func (c *Context) MkFPToFPBV(bv *Expr, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_fp_bv(c.ptr, bv.ptr, sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPToFPFloat converts a floating-point number to another floating-point sort with rounding.
+func (c *Context) MkFPToFPFloat(rm, t *Expr, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_fp_float(c.ptr, rm.ptr, t.ptr, sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPToFPReal converts a real number to a floating-point number with rounding.
+func (c *Context) MkFPToFPReal(rm, t *Expr, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_fp_real(c.ptr, rm.ptr, t.ptr, sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPToFPSigned converts a signed bit-vector to a floating-point number with rounding.
+func (c *Context) MkFPToFPSigned(rm, t *Expr, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_fp_signed(c.ptr, rm.ptr, t.ptr, sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPToFPUnsigned converts an unsigned bit-vector to a floating-point number with rounding.
+func (c *Context) MkFPToFPUnsigned(rm, t *Expr, sort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_fp_unsigned(c.ptr, rm.ptr, t.ptr, sort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFPToSBV converts a floating-point number to a signed bit-vector with rounding.
+func (c *Context) MkFPToSBV(rm, t *Expr, sz uint) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_sbv(c.ptr, rm.ptr, t.ptr, C.uint(sz)))
+}
+
+// MkFPToUBV converts a floating-point number to an unsigned bit-vector with rounding.
+func (c *Context) MkFPToUBV(rm, t *Expr, sz uint) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_fpa_to_ubv(c.ptr, rm.ptr, t.ptr, C.uint(sz)))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/optimize.go b/src/api/go/optimize.go
index 4aead73cd9..ead936ed77 100644
--- a/src/api/go/optimize.go
+++ b/src/api/go/optimize.go
@@ -193,3 +193,15 @@ func (o *Optimize) FromString(s string) {
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cStr))
 	C.Z3_optimize_from_string(o.ctx.ptr, o.ptr, cStr)
 }
+
+// Translate creates a copy of the optimize context in the target context.
+// This is useful when working with multiple Z3 contexts.
+func (o *Optimize) Translate(target *Context) *Optimize {
+	ptr := C.Z3_optimize_translate(o.ctx.ptr, o.ptr, target.ptr)
+	newOpt := &Optimize{ctx: target, ptr: ptr}
+	C.Z3_optimize_inc_ref(target.ptr, ptr)
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(newOpt, func(opt *Optimize) {
+		C.Z3_optimize_dec_ref(opt.ctx.ptr, opt.ptr)
+	})
+	return newOpt
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/propagator.go b/src/api/go/propagator.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2a230dde8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/propagator.go
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+package z3
+
+/*
+#include "z3.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// Declarations for C helper functions defined in propagator_bridge.c
+extern void z3go_solver_propagate_init(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s, uintptr_t user_ctx);
+extern void z3go_solver_propagate_fixed(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s);
+extern void z3go_solver_propagate_final(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s);
+extern void z3go_solver_propagate_eq(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s);
+extern void z3go_solver_propagate_diseq(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s);
+extern void z3go_solver_propagate_created(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s);
+extern void z3go_solver_propagate_decide(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s);
+extern void z3go_solver_propagate_on_binding(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s);
+extern void z3go_solver_register_on_clause(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s, uintptr_t user_ctx);
+*/
+import "C"
+import (
+	"runtime/cgo"
+)
+
+// UserPropagator implements a custom theory propagator for Z3.
+// Embed this type and override callback methods to implement a propagator.
+//
+// Example usage:
+//
+//	type MyPropagator struct {
+//	    z3.UserPropagator
+//	}
+//
+//	func (p *MyPropagator) Push() { ... }
+//	func (p *MyPropagator) Pop(n uint) { ... }
+//	func (p *MyPropagator) Fresh(ctx *z3.Context) z3.UserPropagatorCallbacks { return &MyPropagator{} }
+type UserPropagator struct {
+	ctx    *Context
+	solver *Solver
+	cb     C.Z3_solver_callback // current callback context, valid only during a callback
+	handle cgo.Handle           // handle for passing to C as void* context
+	iface  UserPropagatorCallbacks
+}
+
+// UserPropagatorCallbacks is the interface that a user propagator must implement.
+// Push, Pop, and Fresh are mandatory. The other callbacks are optional.
+type UserPropagatorCallbacks interface {
+	// Push is called when the solver creates a new backtracking scope.
+	Push()
+	// Pop is called when the solver backtracks n scopes.
+	Pop(n uint)
+	// Fresh is called when the solver spawns a new internal solver instance.
+	// Return a propagator for the new context. The callbacks registered on the
+	// original propagator will also be registered on the fresh one.
+	Fresh(ctx *Context) UserPropagatorCallbacks
+}
+
+// FixedHandler is implemented by propagators that handle fixed-value assignments.
+type FixedHandler interface {
+	Fixed(term *Expr, value *Expr)
+}
+
+// FinalHandler is implemented by propagators that handle the final check.
+// The final check is invoked when all decision variables have been assigned.
+type FinalHandler interface {
+	Final()
+}
+
+// EqHandler is implemented by propagators that handle expression equalities.
+type EqHandler interface {
+	Eq(a *Expr, b *Expr)
+}
+
+// DiseqHandler is implemented by propagators that handle expression disequalities.
+type DiseqHandler interface {
+	Diseq(a *Expr, b *Expr)
+}
+
+// CreatedHandler is implemented by propagators that handle term creation events.
+// Terms are created when they use a function declared with PropagatorDeclare.
+type CreatedHandler interface {
+	Created(t *Expr)
+}
+
+// DecideHandler is implemented by propagators that handle solver decision events.
+type DecideHandler interface {
+	Decide(t *Expr, idx uint, phase bool)
+}
+
+// OnBindingHandler is implemented by propagators that handle quantifier binding events.
+// Return false to block the instantiation.
+type OnBindingHandler interface {
+	OnBinding(q *Expr, inst *Expr) bool
+}
+
+// newUserPropagator creates a new UserPropagator wrapping the given callbacks.
+func newUserPropagator(ctx *Context, solver *Solver, iface UserPropagatorCallbacks) *UserPropagator {
+	p := &UserPropagator{
+		ctx:    ctx,
+		solver: solver,
+		iface:  iface,
+	}
+	p.handle = cgo.NewHandle(p)
+	C.z3go_solver_propagate_init(ctx.ptr, solver.ptr, C.uintptr_t(p.handle))
+	return p
+}
+
+// Close releases the resources associated with this propagator.
+// It must be called when the propagator is no longer needed.
+func (p *UserPropagator) Close() {
+	if p.handle != 0 {
+		p.handle.Delete()
+		p.handle = 0
+	}
+}
+
+// RegisterFixed registers the fixed-value callback.
+// The propagator's iface must implement FixedHandler.
+func (p *UserPropagator) RegisterFixed() {
+	C.z3go_solver_propagate_fixed(p.ctx.ptr, p.solver.ptr)
+}
+
+// RegisterFinal registers the final-check callback.
+// The propagator's iface must implement FinalHandler.
+func (p *UserPropagator) RegisterFinal() {
+	C.z3go_solver_propagate_final(p.ctx.ptr, p.solver.ptr)
+}
+
+// RegisterEq registers the equality callback.
+// The propagator's iface must implement EqHandler.
+func (p *UserPropagator) RegisterEq() {
+	C.z3go_solver_propagate_eq(p.ctx.ptr, p.solver.ptr)
+}
+
+// RegisterDiseq registers the disequality callback.
+// The propagator's iface must implement DiseqHandler.
+func (p *UserPropagator) RegisterDiseq() {
+	C.z3go_solver_propagate_diseq(p.ctx.ptr, p.solver.ptr)
+}
+
+// RegisterCreated registers the term-creation callback.
+// The propagator's iface must implement CreatedHandler.
+func (p *UserPropagator) RegisterCreated() {
+	C.z3go_solver_propagate_created(p.ctx.ptr, p.solver.ptr)
+}
+
+// RegisterDecide registers the decision callback.
+// The propagator's iface must implement DecideHandler.
+func (p *UserPropagator) RegisterDecide() {
+	C.z3go_solver_propagate_decide(p.ctx.ptr, p.solver.ptr)
+}
+
+// RegisterOnBinding registers the quantifier-binding callback.
+// The propagator's iface must implement OnBindingHandler.
+func (p *UserPropagator) RegisterOnBinding() {
+	C.z3go_solver_propagate_on_binding(p.ctx.ptr, p.solver.ptr)
+}
+
+// Add registers an expression for propagation.
+// Only Bool and BitVector expressions can be registered.
+// May be called during a callback (uses the solver callback) or outside (uses the solver directly).
+func (p *UserPropagator) Add(e *Expr) {
+	if p.cb != nil {
+		C.Z3_solver_propagate_register_cb(p.ctx.ptr, p.cb, e.ptr)
+	} else {
+		C.Z3_solver_propagate_register(p.ctx.ptr, p.solver.ptr, e.ptr)
+	}
+}
+
+// Consequence propagates a consequence based on fixed terms.
+// fixed is the list of fixed terms used as premises.
+// Returns true if the propagation was accepted.
+func (p *UserPropagator) Consequence(fixed []*Expr, consequence *Expr) bool {
+	return p.ConsequenceWithEqs(fixed, nil, nil, consequence)
+}
+
+// ConsequenceWithEqs propagates a consequence based on fixed values and equalities.
+// fixed are the premise fixed terms, lhs/rhs are equality premises, consequence is the result.
+// Returns true if the propagation was accepted.
+func (p *UserPropagator) ConsequenceWithEqs(fixed []*Expr, lhs []*Expr, rhs []*Expr, consequence *Expr) bool {
+	numFixed := C.uint(len(fixed))
+	numEqs := C.uint(len(lhs))
+	var fixedPtr *C.Z3_ast
+	var lhsPtr *C.Z3_ast
+	var rhsPtr *C.Z3_ast
+	if numFixed > 0 {
+		cFixed := make([]C.Z3_ast, numFixed)
+		for i, e := range fixed {
+			cFixed[i] = e.ptr
+		}
+		fixedPtr = &cFixed[0]
+	}
+	if numEqs > 0 {
+		cLhs := make([]C.Z3_ast, numEqs)
+		cRhs := make([]C.Z3_ast, numEqs)
+		for i := range lhs {
+			cLhs[i] = lhs[i].ptr
+			cRhs[i] = rhs[i].ptr
+		}
+		lhsPtr = &cLhs[0]
+		rhsPtr = &cRhs[0]
+	}
+	result := C.Z3_solver_propagate_consequence(p.ctx.ptr, p.cb,
+		numFixed, fixedPtr,
+		numEqs, lhsPtr, rhsPtr,
+		consequence.ptr)
+	return result == C.bool(true)
+}
+
+// NextSplit overrides the solver's next variable to split on.
+// This should be called during the Decide callback to override the decision.
+// phase: -1 for false, 0 for default, 1 for true (as Z3_lbool values).
+func (p *UserPropagator) NextSplit(e *Expr, idx uint, phase int) bool {
+	result := C.Z3_solver_next_split(p.ctx.ptr, p.cb, e.ptr, C.uint(idx), C.Z3_lbool(phase))
+	return result == C.bool(true)
+}
+
+// PropagatorDeclare creates an uninterpreted function declaration for the user propagator.
+// When expressions using this function are created, the Created callback is invoked.
+func (ctx *Context) PropagatorDeclare(name string, domain []*Sort, rangeSort *Sort) *FuncDecl {
+	sym := ctx.MkStringSymbol(name)
+	n := C.uint(len(domain))
+	var domainPtr *C.Z3_sort
+	if n > 0 {
+		cDomain := make([]C.Z3_sort, n)
+		for i, s := range domain {
+			cDomain[i] = s.ptr
+		}
+		domainPtr = &cDomain[0]
+	}
+	result := C.Z3_solver_propagate_declare(ctx.ptr, sym.ptr, n, domainPtr, rangeSort.ptr)
+	return newFuncDecl(ctx, result)
+}
+
+// NewUserPropagator attaches a user propagator to the solver.
+// The callbacks object must implement UserPropagatorCallbacks (Push, Pop, Fresh).
+// Optional callbacks (Fixed, Final, Eq, Diseq, Created, Decide, OnBinding)
+// are registered by calling the corresponding Register* methods on the returned propagator.
+//
+// The propagator must be closed by calling Close() when no longer needed.
+func (s *Solver) NewUserPropagator(callbacks UserPropagatorCallbacks) *UserPropagator {
+	return newUserPropagator(s.ctx, s, callbacks)
+}
+
+// OnClauseHandler is the callback function type for clause inference events.
+// proofHint is a partial derivation justifying the inference (may be nil).
+// deps contains dependency indices.
+// literals is the inferred clause as an AST vector.
+// The lifetime of proofHint and literals is limited to the callback scope.
+type OnClauseHandler func(proofHint *Expr, deps []uint, literals *ASTVector)
+
+// OnClause registers a callback for clause inferences during solving.
+// Useful for observing learned clauses, custom learning strategies,
+// clause sharing in parallel solvers, and proof extraction.
+// Call Close when the callback is no longer needed.
+type OnClause struct {
+	handle  cgo.Handle
+	ctx     *Context
+	handler OnClauseHandler
+}
+
+// NewOnClause registers a callback for clause inferences on the given solver.
+// The returned OnClause must be closed by calling Close() when done.
+func (s *Solver) NewOnClause(handler OnClauseHandler) *OnClause {
+	oc := &OnClause{
+		ctx:     s.ctx,
+		handler: handler,
+	}
+	oc.handle = cgo.NewHandle(oc)
+	C.z3go_solver_register_on_clause(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, C.uintptr_t(oc.handle))
+	return oc
+}
+
+// Close releases the resources associated with this on-clause callback.
+func (oc *OnClause) Close() {
+	if oc.handle != 0 {
+		oc.handle.Delete()
+		oc.handle = 0
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/propagator_bridge.c b/src/api/go/propagator_bridge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3c6c215ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/propagator_bridge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#include "z3.h"
+#include "_cgo_export.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* Bridge functions that adapt C callback signatures to exported Go functions.
+ * The user context (void*) is stored/received as uintptr_t to avoid unsafe pointer
+ * conversion warnings in Go. */
+
+static void propagator_push_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb) {
+    goPushCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb);
+}
+
+static void propagator_pop_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb, unsigned num_scopes) {
+    goPopCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb, num_scopes);
+}
+
+static void* propagator_fresh_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_context new_context) {
+    return (void*)goFreshCb((uintptr_t)ctx, new_context);
+}
+
+static void propagator_fixed_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast t, Z3_ast value) {
+    goFixedCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb, t, value);
+}
+
+static void propagator_eq_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast s, Z3_ast t) {
+    goEqCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb, s, t);
+}
+
+static void propagator_diseq_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast s, Z3_ast t) {
+    goDiseqCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb, s, t);
+}
+
+static void propagator_final_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb) {
+    goFinalCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb);
+}
+
+static void propagator_created_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast t) {
+    goCreatedCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb, t);
+}
+
+static void propagator_decide_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast t, unsigned idx, bool phase) {
+    goDecideCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb, t, idx, phase);
+}
+
+static bool propagator_on_binding_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast q, Z3_ast inst) {
+    return goOnBindingCb((uintptr_t)ctx, cb, q, inst);
+}
+
+static void on_clause_bridge(void* ctx, Z3_ast proof_hint, unsigned n, unsigned const* deps, Z3_ast_vector literals) {
+    goOnClauseCb((uintptr_t)ctx, proof_hint, n, (unsigned*)deps, literals);
+}
+
+/* C helper functions that Go calls to register callbacks.
+ * These take uintptr_t for the user context and cast it to void* internally. */
+
+void z3go_solver_propagate_init(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s, uintptr_t user_ctx) {
+    Z3_solver_propagate_init(ctx, s, (void*)user_ctx,
+        propagator_push_bridge,
+        propagator_pop_bridge,
+        propagator_fresh_bridge);
+}
+
+void z3go_solver_propagate_fixed(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s) {
+    Z3_solver_propagate_fixed(ctx, s, propagator_fixed_bridge);
+}
+
+void z3go_solver_propagate_final(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s) {
+    Z3_solver_propagate_final(ctx, s, propagator_final_bridge);
+}
+
+void z3go_solver_propagate_eq(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s) {
+    Z3_solver_propagate_eq(ctx, s, propagator_eq_bridge);
+}
+
+void z3go_solver_propagate_diseq(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s) {
+    Z3_solver_propagate_diseq(ctx, s, propagator_diseq_bridge);
+}
+
+void z3go_solver_propagate_created(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s) {
+    Z3_solver_propagate_created(ctx, s, propagator_created_bridge);
+}
+
+void z3go_solver_propagate_decide(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s) {
+    Z3_solver_propagate_decide(ctx, s, propagator_decide_bridge);
+}
+
+void z3go_solver_propagate_on_binding(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s) {
+    Z3_solver_propagate_on_binding(ctx, s, propagator_on_binding_bridge);
+}
+
+void z3go_solver_register_on_clause(Z3_context ctx, Z3_solver s, uintptr_t user_ctx) {
+    Z3_solver_register_on_clause(ctx, s, (void*)user_ctx, on_clause_bridge);
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/propagator_callbacks.go b/src/api/go/propagator_callbacks.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8653f7fcbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/propagator_callbacks.go
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package z3
+
+/*
+#include "z3.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+*/
+import "C"
+import (
+	"runtime/cgo"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// withCallback temporarily sets the callback context, calls fn, and restores the old context.
+func (p *UserPropagator) withCallback(cb C.Z3_solver_callback, fn func()) {
+	old := p.cb
+	p.cb = cb
+	defer func() { p.cb = old }()
+	fn()
+}
+
+// goPushCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_push_eh.
+//
+//export goPushCb
+func goPushCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback) {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	p.withCallback(cb, p.iface.Push)
+}
+
+// goPopCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_pop_eh.
+//
+//export goPopCb
+func goPopCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback, numScopes C.uint) {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	p.withCallback(cb, func() {
+		p.iface.Pop(uint(numScopes))
+	})
+}
+
+// goFreshCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_fresh_eh.
+//
+//export goFreshCb
+func goFreshCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, newContext C.Z3_context) C.uintptr_t {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	freshCtx := &Context{ptr: newContext}
+	freshIface := p.iface.Fresh(freshCtx)
+	freshProp := &UserPropagator{
+		ctx:   freshCtx,
+		iface: freshIface,
+	}
+	freshProp.handle = cgo.NewHandle(freshProp)
+	return C.uintptr_t(freshProp.handle)
+}
+
+// goFixedCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_fixed_eh.
+//
+//export goFixedCb
+func goFixedCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback, t C.Z3_ast, value C.Z3_ast) {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	if h, ok := p.iface.(FixedHandler); ok {
+		p.withCallback(cb, func() {
+			h.Fixed(newExpr(p.ctx, t), newExpr(p.ctx, value))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// goEqCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_eq_eh (equality).
+//
+//export goEqCb
+func goEqCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback, s C.Z3_ast, t C.Z3_ast) {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	if h, ok := p.iface.(EqHandler); ok {
+		p.withCallback(cb, func() {
+			h.Eq(newExpr(p.ctx, s), newExpr(p.ctx, t))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// goDiseqCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_eq_eh (disequality).
+//
+//export goDiseqCb
+func goDiseqCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback, s C.Z3_ast, t C.Z3_ast) {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	if h, ok := p.iface.(DiseqHandler); ok {
+		p.withCallback(cb, func() {
+			h.Diseq(newExpr(p.ctx, s), newExpr(p.ctx, t))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// goFinalCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_final_eh.
+//
+//export goFinalCb
+func goFinalCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback) {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	if h, ok := p.iface.(FinalHandler); ok {
+		p.withCallback(cb, h.Final)
+	}
+}
+
+// goCreatedCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_created_eh.
+//
+//export goCreatedCb
+func goCreatedCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback, t C.Z3_ast) {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	if h, ok := p.iface.(CreatedHandler); ok {
+		p.withCallback(cb, func() {
+			h.Created(newExpr(p.ctx, t))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// goDecideCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_decide_eh.
+//
+//export goDecideCb
+func goDecideCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback, t C.Z3_ast, idx C.uint, phase C.bool) {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	if h, ok := p.iface.(DecideHandler); ok {
+		p.withCallback(cb, func() {
+			h.Decide(newExpr(p.ctx, t), uint(idx), phase == C.bool(true))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// goOnBindingCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_on_binding_eh.
+//
+//export goOnBindingCb
+func goOnBindingCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, cb C.Z3_solver_callback, q C.Z3_ast, inst C.Z3_ast) C.bool {
+	p := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*UserPropagator)
+	result := C.bool(true) // default: allow binding when handler is not implemented
+	if h, ok := p.iface.(OnBindingHandler); ok {
+		p.withCallback(cb, func() {
+			if !h.OnBinding(newExpr(p.ctx, q), newExpr(p.ctx, inst)) {
+				result = C.bool(false)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// goOnClauseCb is exported to C as a callback for Z3_on_clause_eh.
+//
+//export goOnClauseCb
+func goOnClauseCb(ctx C.uintptr_t, proofHint C.Z3_ast, n C.uint, deps *C.uint, literals C.Z3_ast_vector) {
+	oc := cgo.Handle(ctx).Value().(*OnClause)
+	var ph *Expr
+	if proofHint != nil {
+		ph = newExpr(oc.ctx, proofHint)
+	}
+	goDepSlice := make([]uint, uint(n))
+	if n > 0 {
+		depSlice := (*[1 << 28]C.uint)(unsafe.Pointer(deps))[:n:n]
+		for i := uint(0); i < uint(n); i++ {
+			goDepSlice[i] = uint(depSlice[i])
+		}
+	}
+	vec := newASTVector(oc.ctx, literals)
+	oc.handler(ph, goDepSlice, vec)
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/relations.go b/src/api/go/relations.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..637c6ab5b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/relations.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package z3
+
+/*
+#include "z3.h"
+*/
+import "C"
+
+// Special relation constructors
+
+// MkLinearOrder creates a linear (total) order relation over the given sort.
+// The id parameter distinguishes multiple linear orders over the same sort.
+func (c *Context) MkLinearOrder(s *Sort, id uint) *FuncDecl {
+	return newFuncDecl(c, C.Z3_mk_linear_order(c.ptr, s.ptr, C.uint(id)))
+}
+
+// MkPartialOrder creates a partial order relation over the given sort.
+// The id parameter distinguishes multiple partial orders over the same sort.
+func (c *Context) MkPartialOrder(s *Sort, id uint) *FuncDecl {
+	return newFuncDecl(c, C.Z3_mk_partial_order(c.ptr, s.ptr, C.uint(id)))
+}
+
+// MkPiecewiseLinearOrder creates a piecewise linear order relation over the given sort.
+// The id parameter distinguishes multiple piecewise linear orders over the same sort.
+func (c *Context) MkPiecewiseLinearOrder(s *Sort, id uint) *FuncDecl {
+	return newFuncDecl(c, C.Z3_mk_piecewise_linear_order(c.ptr, s.ptr, C.uint(id)))
+}
+
+// MkTreeOrder creates a tree order relation over the given sort.
+// The id parameter distinguishes multiple tree orders over the same sort.
+func (c *Context) MkTreeOrder(s *Sort, id uint) *FuncDecl {
+	return newFuncDecl(c, C.Z3_mk_tree_order(c.ptr, s.ptr, C.uint(id)))
+}
+
+// MkTransitiveClosure creates the transitive closure of a binary relation.
+// The resulting relation is recursive.
+func (c *Context) MkTransitiveClosure(f *FuncDecl) *FuncDecl {
+	return newFuncDecl(c, C.Z3_mk_transitive_closure(c.ptr, f.ptr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/seq.go b/src/api/go/seq.go
index 3da8a716a5..e3e9152ee4 100644
--- a/src/api/go/seq.go
+++ b/src/api/go/seq.go
@@ -230,3 +230,58 @@ func (c *Context) MkSeqReplaceRe(seq, re, replacement *Expr) *Expr {
 func (c *Context) MkSeqReplaceReAll(seq, re, replacement *Expr) *Expr {
 	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_seq_replace_re_all(c.ptr, seq.ptr, re.ptr, replacement.ptr))
 }
+
+// MkSeqReplaceAll replaces all occurrences of src with dst in seq.
+func (c *Context) MkSeqReplaceAll(seq, src, dst *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_seq_replace_all(c.ptr, seq.ptr, src.ptr, dst.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSeqNth retrieves the n-th element of a sequence as a single-element expression.
+func (c *Context) MkSeqNth(seq, index *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_seq_nth(c.ptr, seq.ptr, index.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSeqLastIndex returns the last index of substr in seq.
+func (c *Context) MkSeqLastIndex(seq, substr *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_seq_last_index(c.ptr, seq.ptr, substr.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSeqMap applies a function to each element of a sequence, returning a new sequence.
+func (c *Context) MkSeqMap(f, seq *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_seq_map(c.ptr, f.ptr, seq.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSeqMapi applies an indexed function to each element of a sequence, returning a new sequence.
+func (c *Context) MkSeqMapi(f, i, seq *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_seq_mapi(c.ptr, f.ptr, i.ptr, seq.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSeqFoldl applies a fold-left operation to a sequence.
+func (c *Context) MkSeqFoldl(f, a, seq *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_seq_foldl(c.ptr, f.ptr, a.ptr, seq.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSeqFoldli applies an indexed fold-left operation to a sequence.
+func (c *Context) MkSeqFoldli(f, i, a, seq *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_seq_foldli(c.ptr, f.ptr, i.ptr, a.ptr, seq.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkStrLt creates a string less-than comparison.
+func (c *Context) MkStrLt(s1, s2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_str_lt(c.ptr, s1.ptr, s2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkStrLe creates a string less-than-or-equal comparison.
+func (c *Context) MkStrLe(s1, s2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_str_le(c.ptr, s1.ptr, s2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkStringToCode converts a single-character string to its Unicode code point.
+func (c *Context) MkStringToCode(s *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_string_to_code(c.ptr, s.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkStringFromCode converts a Unicode code point to a single-character string.
+func (c *Context) MkStringFromCode(code *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_string_from_code(c.ptr, code.ptr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/set.go b/src/api/go/set.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53b1be672d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/set.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package z3
+
+/*
+#include "z3.h"
+*/
+import "C"
+
+// Regular (array-encoded) Set operations
+
+// MkSetSort creates a set sort with the given element sort.
+func (c *Context) MkSetSort(elemSort *Sort) *Sort {
+	return newSort(c, C.Z3_mk_set_sort(c.ptr, elemSort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkEmptySet creates an empty set of the given element sort.
+func (c *Context) MkEmptySet(elemSort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_empty_set(c.ptr, elemSort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkFullSet creates the full set (universe) of the given element sort.
+func (c *Context) MkFullSet(elemSort *Sort) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_full_set(c.ptr, elemSort.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSetAdd adds an element to a set.
+func (c *Context) MkSetAdd(set, elem *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_set_add(c.ptr, set.ptr, elem.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSetDel removes an element from a set.
+func (c *Context) MkSetDel(set, elem *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_set_del(c.ptr, set.ptr, elem.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSetUnion creates the union of two or more sets.
+func (c *Context) MkSetUnion(sets ...*Expr) *Expr {
+	if len(sets) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cSets := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(sets))
+	for i, s := range sets {
+		cSets[i] = s.ptr
+	}
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_set_union(c.ptr, C.uint(len(sets)), &cSets[0]))
+}
+
+// MkSetIntersect creates the intersection of two or more sets.
+func (c *Context) MkSetIntersect(sets ...*Expr) *Expr {
+	if len(sets) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cSets := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(sets))
+	for i, s := range sets {
+		cSets[i] = s.ptr
+	}
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_set_intersect(c.ptr, C.uint(len(sets)), &cSets[0]))
+}
+
+// MkSetDifference creates the set difference (set1 \ set2).
+func (c *Context) MkSetDifference(set1, set2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_set_difference(c.ptr, set1.ptr, set2.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSetComplement creates the complement of a set.
+func (c *Context) MkSetComplement(set *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_set_complement(c.ptr, set.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSetMember creates a membership predicate: elem ∈ set.
+func (c *Context) MkSetMember(elem, set *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_set_member(c.ptr, elem.ptr, set.ptr))
+}
+
+// MkSetSubset creates a subset predicate: set1 ⊆ set2.
+func (c *Context) MkSetSubset(set1, set2 *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_set_subset(c.ptr, set1.ptr, set2.ptr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/simplifier.go b/src/api/go/simplifier.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..888d0ea61e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/simplifier.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package z3
+
+/*
+#include "z3.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+*/
+import "C"
+import (
+	"runtime"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// Simplifier represents a Z3 simplifier for pre-processing solver assertions.
+type Simplifier struct {
+	ctx *Context
+	ptr C.Z3_simplifier
+}
+
+// newSimplifier creates a new Simplifier and manages its reference count.
+func newSimplifier(ctx *Context, ptr C.Z3_simplifier) *Simplifier {
+	s := &Simplifier{ctx: ctx, ptr: ptr}
+	C.Z3_simplifier_inc_ref(ctx.ptr, ptr)
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(s, func(simp *Simplifier) {
+		C.Z3_simplifier_dec_ref(simp.ctx.ptr, simp.ptr)
+	})
+	return s
+}
+
+// MkSimplifier creates a simplifier with the given name.
+func (c *Context) MkSimplifier(name string) *Simplifier {
+	cName := C.CString(name)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cName))
+	return newSimplifier(c, C.Z3_mk_simplifier(c.ptr, cName))
+}
+
+// AndThen creates a simplifier that applies s followed by s2.
+func (s *Simplifier) AndThen(s2 *Simplifier) *Simplifier {
+	return newSimplifier(s.ctx, C.Z3_simplifier_and_then(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, s2.ptr))
+}
+
+// UsingParams creates a simplifier that uses the given parameters.
+func (s *Simplifier) UsingParams(params *Params) *Simplifier {
+	return newSimplifier(s.ctx, C.Z3_simplifier_using_params(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, params.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetHelp returns help information for the simplifier.
+func (s *Simplifier) GetHelp() string {
+	return C.GoString(C.Z3_simplifier_get_help(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetParamDescrs returns parameter descriptions for the simplifier.
+func (s *Simplifier) GetParamDescrs() *ParamDescrs {
+	return newParamDescrs(s.ctx, C.Z3_simplifier_get_param_descrs(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetSimplifierDescr returns a description of the simplifier with the given name.
+func (c *Context) GetSimplifierDescr(name string) string {
+	cName := C.CString(name)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cName))
+	return C.GoString(C.Z3_simplifier_get_descr(c.ptr, cName))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/solver.go b/src/api/go/solver.go
index dc5a0e5fea..6e2a1f019e 100644
--- a/src/api/go/solver.go
+++ b/src/api/go/solver.go
@@ -195,6 +195,209 @@ func (s *Solver) Interrupt() {
 	C.Z3_solver_interrupt(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr)
 }
 
+// Units returns the unit clauses (literals) learned by the solver.
+// Unit clauses are assertions that have been simplified to single literals.
+// This is useful for debugging and understanding solver behavior.
+func (s *Solver) Units() []*Expr {
+	vec := C.Z3_solver_get_units(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr)
+	return astVectorToExprs(s.ctx, vec)
+}
+
+// NonUnits returns the non-unit clauses in the solver's current state.
+// These are clauses that have not been reduced to unit clauses.
+// This is useful for debugging and understanding solver behavior.
+func (s *Solver) NonUnits() []*Expr {
+	vec := C.Z3_solver_get_non_units(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr)
+	return astVectorToExprs(s.ctx, vec)
+}
+
+// Trail returns the decision trail of the solver.
+// The trail contains the sequence of literals assigned during search.
+// This is useful for understanding the solver's decision history.
+// Note: This function works primarily with SimpleSolver. For solvers created
+// using tactics (e.g., NewSolver()), it may return an error.
+func (s *Solver) Trail() []*Expr {
+	vec := C.Z3_solver_get_trail(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr)
+	return astVectorToExprs(s.ctx, vec)
+}
+
+// TrailLevels returns the decision levels for each literal in the trail.
+// The returned slice has the same length as the trail, where each element
+// indicates the decision level at which the corresponding trail literal was assigned.
+// This is useful for understanding the structure of the search tree.
+// Note: This function works primarily with SimpleSolver. For solvers created
+// using tactics (e.g., NewSolver()), it may return an error.
+func (s *Solver) TrailLevels() []uint {
+	// Get the trail vector directly from the C API
+	trailVec := C.Z3_solver_get_trail(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, trailVec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(s.ctx.ptr, trailVec)
+
+	n := uint(C.Z3_ast_vector_size(s.ctx.ptr, trailVec))
+	if n == 0 {
+		return []uint{}
+	}
+
+	// Allocate the levels array
+	levels := make([]C.uint, n)
+
+	// Get the levels using the trail vector directly
+	// Safe to pass &levels[0] because we checked n > 0 above
+	C.Z3_solver_get_levels(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, trailVec, C.uint(n), &levels[0])
+
+	// Convert to Go slice
+	result := make([]uint, n)
+	for i := uint(0); i < n; i++ {
+		result[i] = uint(levels[i])
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// CongruenceRoot returns the congruence class representative of the given expression.
+// This returns the root element in the congruence closure for the term.
+// Note: This function works primarily with SimpleSolver. Terms and variables that
+// are eliminated during pre-processing are not visible to the congruence closure.
+func (s *Solver) CongruenceRoot(expr *Expr) *Expr {
+	ast := C.Z3_solver_congruence_root(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, expr.ptr)
+	return newExpr(s.ctx, ast)
+}
+
+// CongruenceNext returns the next element in the congruence class of the given expression.
+// This allows iteration through all elements in a congruence class.
+// Note: This function works primarily with SimpleSolver. Terms and variables that
+// are eliminated during pre-processing are not visible to the congruence closure.
+func (s *Solver) CongruenceNext(expr *Expr) *Expr {
+	ast := C.Z3_solver_congruence_next(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, expr.ptr)
+	return newExpr(s.ctx, ast)
+}
+
+// CongruenceExplain returns an explanation for why two expressions are congruent.
+// The result is an expression that justifies the congruence between a and b.
+// Note: This function works primarily with SimpleSolver. Terms and variables that
+// are eliminated during pre-processing are not visible to the congruence closure.
+func (s *Solver) CongruenceExplain(a, b *Expr) *Expr {
+	ast := C.Z3_solver_congruence_explain(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, a.ptr, b.ptr)
+	return newExpr(s.ctx, ast)
+}
+
+// SetInitialValue provides an initial value hint for a variable to the solver.
+// This can help guide the solver to find solutions more efficiently.
+// The variable must be a constant or function application, and the value must be
+// compatible with the variable's sort.
+func (s *Solver) SetInitialValue(variable, value *Expr) {
+	C.Z3_solver_set_initial_value(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, variable.ptr, value.ptr)
+}
+
+// Cube extracts a cube (conjunction of literals) from the solver state.
+// vars is an optional list of variables to use as cube variables; if nil, the solver decides.
+// cutoff specifies the backtrack level cutoff for cube generation.
+// Returns a slice of expressions representing the cube, or nil when the search space is exhausted.
+func (s *Solver) Cube(vars []*Expr, cutoff uint) []*Expr {
+	varVec := C.Z3_mk_ast_vector(s.ctx.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, varVec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(s.ctx.ptr, varVec)
+	for _, v := range vars {
+		C.Z3_ast_vector_push(s.ctx.ptr, varVec, v.ptr)
+	}
+	result := C.Z3_solver_cube(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, varVec, C.uint(cutoff))
+	return astVectorToExprs(s.ctx, result)
+}
+
+// GetConsequences retrieves fixed assignments for variables given assumptions.
+// Returns the status and the set of consequences as implications.
+func (s *Solver) GetConsequences(assumptions []*Expr, variables []*Expr) (Status, []*Expr) {
+	asmVec := C.Z3_mk_ast_vector(s.ctx.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, asmVec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(s.ctx.ptr, asmVec)
+	varVec := C.Z3_mk_ast_vector(s.ctx.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, varVec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(s.ctx.ptr, varVec)
+	consVec := C.Z3_mk_ast_vector(s.ctx.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, consVec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(s.ctx.ptr, consVec)
+	for _, a := range assumptions {
+		C.Z3_ast_vector_push(s.ctx.ptr, asmVec, a.ptr)
+	}
+	for _, v := range variables {
+		C.Z3_ast_vector_push(s.ctx.ptr, varVec, v.ptr)
+	}
+	r := Status(C.Z3_solver_get_consequences(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, asmVec, varVec, consVec))
+	return r, astVectorToExprs(s.ctx, consVec)
+}
+
+// SolveFor solves constraints treating given variables symbolically.
+// variables are the variables to solve for, terms are the substitution terms,
+// and guards are the Boolean guards for the substitutions.
+func (s *Solver) SolveFor(variables []*Expr, terms []*Expr, guards []*Expr) {
+	varVec := C.Z3_mk_ast_vector(s.ctx.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, varVec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(s.ctx.ptr, varVec)
+	termVec := C.Z3_mk_ast_vector(s.ctx.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, termVec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(s.ctx.ptr, termVec)
+	guardVec := C.Z3_mk_ast_vector(s.ctx.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, guardVec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(s.ctx.ptr, guardVec)
+	for _, v := range variables {
+		C.Z3_ast_vector_push(s.ctx.ptr, varVec, v.ptr)
+	}
+	for _, t := range terms {
+		C.Z3_ast_vector_push(s.ctx.ptr, termVec, t.ptr)
+	}
+	for _, g := range guards {
+		C.Z3_ast_vector_push(s.ctx.ptr, guardVec, g.ptr)
+	}
+	C.Z3_solver_solve_for(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, varVec, termVec, guardVec)
+}
+
+// ImportModelConverter imports the model converter from src into this solver.
+// This transfers model simplifications from one solver instance to another,
+// useful when combining results from multiple solver instances.
+func (dst *Solver) ImportModelConverter(src *Solver) {
+	C.Z3_solver_import_model_converter(dst.ctx.ptr, src.ptr, dst.ptr)
+}
+
+// Translate creates a copy of the solver in the target context.
+// This is useful when working with multiple Z3 contexts.
+func (s *Solver) Translate(target *Context) *Solver {
+	ptr := C.Z3_solver_translate(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, target.ptr)
+	newSolver := &Solver{ctx: target, ptr: ptr}
+	C.Z3_solver_inc_ref(target.ptr, ptr)
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(newSolver, func(solver *Solver) {
+		C.Z3_solver_dec_ref(solver.ctx.ptr, solver.ptr)
+	})
+	return newSolver
+}
+
+// GetProof returns the proof of unsatisfiability from the last check.
+// Returns nil if no proof is available (e.g. the result was not UNSAT,
+// or proof production is disabled).
+func (s *Solver) GetProof() *Expr {
+	result := C.Z3_solver_get_proof(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr)
+	if result == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return newExpr(s.ctx, result)
+}
+
+// AddSimplifier creates a new solver with the given simplifier attached for
+// pre-processing assertions before solving.
+func (s *Solver) AddSimplifier(simplifier *Simplifier) *Solver {
+	ptr := C.Z3_solver_add_simplifier(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, simplifier.ptr)
+	newSolver := &Solver{ctx: s.ctx, ptr: ptr}
+	C.Z3_solver_inc_ref(s.ctx.ptr, ptr)
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(newSolver, func(solver *Solver) {
+		C.Z3_solver_dec_ref(solver.ctx.ptr, solver.ptr)
+	})
+	return newSolver
+}
+
+// Dimacs converts the solver's Boolean formula to DIMACS CNF format.
+// If includeNames is true, variable names are included in the output.
+func (s *Solver) Dimacs(includeNames bool) string {
+	return C.GoString(C.Z3_solver_to_dimacs_string(s.ctx.ptr, s.ptr, C.bool(includeNames)))
+}
+
 // Model represents a Z3 model (satisfying assignment).
 type Model struct {
 	ctx *Context
@@ -297,3 +500,78 @@ func (fi *FuncInterp) GetElse() *Expr {
 func (fi *FuncInterp) GetArity() uint {
 	return uint(C.Z3_func_interp_get_arity(fi.ctx.ptr, fi.ptr))
 }
+
+// FuncEntry represents a single entry in a FuncInterp finite map.
+type FuncEntry struct {
+	ctx *Context
+	ptr C.Z3_func_entry
+}
+
+// newFuncEntry creates a new FuncEntry and manages its reference count.
+func newFuncEntry(ctx *Context, ptr C.Z3_func_entry) *FuncEntry {
+	e := &FuncEntry{ctx: ctx, ptr: ptr}
+	C.Z3_func_entry_inc_ref(ctx.ptr, ptr)
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(e, func(entry *FuncEntry) {
+		C.Z3_func_entry_dec_ref(entry.ctx.ptr, entry.ptr)
+	})
+	return e
+}
+
+// GetEntry returns the i-th entry in the function interpretation.
+func (fi *FuncInterp) GetEntry(i uint) *FuncEntry {
+	return newFuncEntry(fi.ctx, C.Z3_func_interp_get_entry(fi.ctx.ptr, fi.ptr, C.uint(i)))
+}
+
+// SetElse sets the else value of the function interpretation.
+func (fi *FuncInterp) SetElse(val *Expr) {
+	C.Z3_func_interp_set_else(fi.ctx.ptr, fi.ptr, val.ptr)
+}
+
+// AddEntry adds a new entry to the function interpretation.
+// The args slice provides the argument values and val is the return value.
+func (fi *FuncInterp) AddEntry(args []*Expr, val *Expr) {
+	vec := C.Z3_mk_ast_vector(fi.ctx.ptr)
+	C.Z3_ast_vector_inc_ref(fi.ctx.ptr, vec)
+	defer C.Z3_ast_vector_dec_ref(fi.ctx.ptr, vec)
+	for _, a := range args {
+		C.Z3_ast_vector_push(fi.ctx.ptr, vec, a.ptr)
+	}
+	C.Z3_func_interp_add_entry(fi.ctx.ptr, fi.ptr, vec, val.ptr)
+}
+
+// GetValue returns the return value of the function entry.
+func (e *FuncEntry) GetValue() *Expr {
+	return newExpr(e.ctx, C.Z3_func_entry_get_value(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetNumArgs returns the number of arguments in the function entry.
+func (e *FuncEntry) GetNumArgs() uint {
+	return uint(C.Z3_func_entry_get_num_args(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetArg returns the i-th argument of the function entry.
+func (e *FuncEntry) GetArg(i uint) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(e.ctx, C.Z3_func_entry_get_arg(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr, C.uint(i)))
+}
+
+// HasInterp reports whether the model contains an interpretation for the given declaration.
+func (m *Model) HasInterp(decl *FuncDecl) bool {
+	return bool(C.Z3_model_has_interp(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr, decl.ptr))
+}
+
+// SortUniverse returns the universe of values for an uninterpreted sort in the model.
+// The universe is represented as a list of distinct expressions.
+// Returns nil if the sort is not an uninterpreted sort in this model.
+func (m *Model) SortUniverse(sort *Sort) []*Expr {
+	vec := C.Z3_model_get_sort_universe(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr, sort.ptr)
+	if vec == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return astVectorToExprs(m.ctx, vec)
+}
+
+// Translate creates a copy of the model in the target context.
+func (m *Model) Translate(target *Context) *Model {
+	ptr := C.Z3_model_translate(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr, target.ptr)
+	return newModel(target, ptr)
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/spacer.go b/src/api/go/spacer.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b79c8ce6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/go/spacer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation 2025
+// Z3 Go API: Spacer quantifier elimination and model projection functions
+
+package z3
+
+/*
+#include "z3.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+*/
+import "C"
+import "runtime"
+
+// ASTMap represents a mapping from Z3 ASTs to Z3 ASTs.
+type ASTMap struct {
+	ctx *Context
+	ptr C.Z3_ast_map
+}
+
+// newASTMap creates a new ASTMap and manages its reference count.
+func newASTMap(ctx *Context, ptr C.Z3_ast_map) *ASTMap {
+	m := &ASTMap{ctx: ctx, ptr: ptr}
+	C.Z3_ast_map_inc_ref(ctx.ptr, ptr)
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(m, func(am *ASTMap) {
+		C.Z3_ast_map_dec_ref(am.ctx.ptr, am.ptr)
+	})
+	return m
+}
+
+// MkASTMap creates a new empty AST map.
+func (c *Context) MkASTMap() *ASTMap {
+	return newASTMap(c, C.Z3_mk_ast_map(c.ptr))
+}
+
+// Contains returns true if the map contains the key k.
+func (m *ASTMap) Contains(k *Expr) bool {
+	return bool(C.Z3_ast_map_contains(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr, k.ptr))
+}
+
+// Find returns the value associated with key k.
+func (m *ASTMap) Find(k *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(m.ctx, C.Z3_ast_map_find(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr, k.ptr))
+}
+
+// Insert associates key k with value v in the map.
+func (m *ASTMap) Insert(k, v *Expr) {
+	C.Z3_ast_map_insert(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr, k.ptr, v.ptr)
+}
+
+// Erase removes the entry with key k from the map.
+func (m *ASTMap) Erase(k *Expr) {
+	C.Z3_ast_map_erase(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr, k.ptr)
+}
+
+// Reset removes all entries from the map.
+func (m *ASTMap) Reset() {
+	C.Z3_ast_map_reset(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr)
+}
+
+// Size returns the number of entries in the map.
+func (m *ASTMap) Size() uint {
+	return uint(C.Z3_ast_map_size(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr))
+}
+
+// Keys returns all keys in the map as an ASTVector.
+func (m *ASTMap) Keys() *ASTVector {
+	return newASTVector(m.ctx, C.Z3_ast_map_keys(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr))
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the map.
+func (m *ASTMap) String() string {
+	return C.GoString(C.Z3_ast_map_to_string(m.ctx.ptr, m.ptr))
+}
+
+// ModelExtrapolate extrapolates a model of a formula.
+// Given a model m and formula fml, returns an expression that is implied by fml
+// and is consistent with the model. This is a Spacer-specific function.
+func (c *Context) ModelExtrapolate(m *Model, fml *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_model_extrapolate(c.ptr, m.ptr, fml.ptr))
+}
+
+// QeLite performs best-effort quantifier elimination.
+// vars is a vector of variables to eliminate, body is the formula.
+func (c *Context) QeLite(vars *ASTVector, body *Expr) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_qe_lite(c.ptr, vars.ptr, body.ptr))
+}
+
+// QeModelProject projects variables given a model.
+// bound is a slice of application expressions representing the variables to project.
+func (c *Context) QeModelProject(m *Model, bound []*Expr, body *Expr) *Expr {
+	n := len(bound)
+	cBound := make([]C.Z3_app, n)
+	for i, b := range bound {
+		cBound[i] = C.Z3_to_app(c.ptr, b.ptr)
+	}
+	var boundPtr *C.Z3_app
+	if n > 0 {
+		boundPtr = &cBound[0]
+	}
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_qe_model_project(c.ptr, m.ptr, C.uint(n), boundPtr, body.ptr))
+}
+
+// QeModelProjectSkolem projects variables given a model, storing the skolem witnesses in map_.
+// bound is a slice of application expressions representing the variables to project.
+func (c *Context) QeModelProjectSkolem(m *Model, bound []*Expr, body *Expr, map_ *ASTMap) *Expr {
+	n := len(bound)
+	cBound := make([]C.Z3_app, n)
+	for i, b := range bound {
+		cBound[i] = C.Z3_to_app(c.ptr, b.ptr)
+	}
+	var boundPtr *C.Z3_app
+	if n > 0 {
+		boundPtr = &cBound[0]
+	}
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_qe_model_project_skolem(c.ptr, m.ptr, C.uint(n), boundPtr, body.ptr, map_.ptr))
+}
+
+// QeModelProjectWithWitness projects variables given a model and extracts witnesses.
+// The map_ is populated with bindings of projected variables to witness terms.
+// bound is a slice of application expressions representing the variables to project.
+func (c *Context) QeModelProjectWithWitness(m *Model, bound []*Expr, body *Expr, map_ *ASTMap) *Expr {
+	n := len(bound)
+	cBound := make([]C.Z3_app, n)
+	for i, b := range bound {
+		cBound[i] = C.Z3_to_app(c.ptr, b.ptr)
+	}
+	var boundPtr *C.Z3_app
+	if n > 0 {
+		boundPtr = &cBound[0]
+	}
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_qe_model_project_with_witness(c.ptr, m.ptr, C.uint(n), boundPtr, body.ptr, map_.ptr))
+}
diff --git a/src/api/go/tactic.go b/src/api/go/tactic.go
index 1678501465..e3b37622d3 100644
--- a/src/api/go/tactic.go
+++ b/src/api/go/tactic.go
@@ -78,6 +78,72 @@ func (c *Context) TacticSkip() *Tactic {
 	return newTactic(c, C.Z3_tactic_skip(c.ptr))
 }
 
+// TryFor returns a tactic that applies t for at most ms milliseconds.
+// If t does not terminate in ms milliseconds, then it fails.
+func (t *Tactic) TryFor(ms uint) *Tactic {
+	return newTactic(t.ctx, C.Z3_tactic_try_for(t.ctx.ptr, t.ptr, C.uint(ms)))
+}
+
+// UsingParams returns a tactic that applies t using the given parameters.
+func (t *Tactic) UsingParams(params *Params) *Tactic {
+	return newTactic(t.ctx, C.Z3_tactic_using_params(t.ctx.ptr, t.ptr, params.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetParamDescrs returns parameter descriptions for the tactic.
+func (t *Tactic) GetParamDescrs() *ParamDescrs {
+	return newParamDescrs(t.ctx, C.Z3_tactic_get_param_descrs(t.ctx.ptr, t.ptr))
+}
+
+// ApplyEx applies the tactic to a goal with the given parameters.
+func (t *Tactic) ApplyEx(g *Goal, params *Params) *ApplyResult {
+	return newApplyResult(t.ctx, C.Z3_tactic_apply_ex(t.ctx.ptr, t.ptr, g.ptr, params.ptr))
+}
+
+// TacticFailIf creates a tactic that fails if the probe p evaluates to false.
+func (c *Context) TacticFailIf(p *Probe) *Tactic {
+	return newTactic(c, C.Z3_tactic_fail_if(c.ptr, p.ptr))
+}
+
+// TacticFailIfNotDecided creates a tactic that fails if the goal is not
+// trivially satisfiable (empty) or trivially unsatisfiable (contains false).
+func (c *Context) TacticFailIfNotDecided() *Tactic {
+	return newTactic(c, C.Z3_tactic_fail_if_not_decided(c.ptr))
+}
+
+// ParOr creates a tactic that applies the given tactics in parallel.
+func (c *Context) ParOr(tactics []*Tactic) *Tactic {
+	cTactics := make([]C.Z3_tactic, len(tactics))
+	for i, t := range tactics {
+		cTactics[i] = t.ptr
+	}
+	return newTactic(c, C.Z3_tactic_par_or(c.ptr, C.uint(len(tactics)), &cTactics[0]))
+}
+
+// ParAndThen creates a tactic that applies t to a goal and then t2 to every
+// subgoal produced by t, processing subgoals in parallel.
+func (t *Tactic) ParAndThen(t2 *Tactic) *Tactic {
+	return newTactic(t.ctx, C.Z3_tactic_par_and_then(t.ctx.ptr, t.ptr, t2.ptr))
+}
+
+// GetTacticDescr returns a description of the tactic with the given name.
+func (c *Context) GetTacticDescr(name string) string {
+	cName := C.CString(name)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cName))
+	return C.GoString(C.Z3_tactic_get_descr(c.ptr, cName))
+}
+
+// NewSolverFromTactic creates a solver from the given tactic.
+// The solver uses the tactic to solve goals.
+func (c *Context) NewSolverFromTactic(t *Tactic) *Solver {
+	ptr := C.Z3_mk_solver_from_tactic(c.ptr, t.ptr)
+	s := &Solver{ctx: c, ptr: ptr}
+	C.Z3_solver_inc_ref(c.ptr, ptr)
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(s, func(solver *Solver) {
+		C.Z3_solver_dec_ref(solver.ctx.ptr, solver.ptr)
+	})
+	return s
+}
+
 // Goal represents a set of formulas that can be solved or transformed.
 type Goal struct {
 	ctx *Context
@@ -134,11 +200,45 @@ func (g *Goal) Reset() {
 	C.Z3_goal_reset(g.ctx.ptr, g.ptr)
 }
 
+// Depth returns the depth of the goal.
+// It tracks how many times the goal was transformed by a tactic.
+func (g *Goal) Depth() uint {
+	return uint(C.Z3_goal_depth(g.ctx.ptr, g.ptr))
+}
+
+// Precision returns the precision of the goal as a uint.
+// Possible values: 0 = precise, 1 = under-approximation, 2 = over-approximation, 3 = under+over.
+func (g *Goal) Precision() uint {
+	return uint(C.Z3_goal_precision(g.ctx.ptr, g.ptr))
+}
+
+// Translate creates a copy of the goal in the target context.
+func (g *Goal) Translate(target *Context) *Goal {
+	return newGoal(target, C.Z3_goal_translate(g.ctx.ptr, g.ptr, target.ptr))
+}
+
+// ConvertModel converts a model from the original goal into a model for this goal.
+// Use this when a tactic has transformed the goal and you need a model for the original.
+func (g *Goal) ConvertModel(m *Model) *Model {
+	return newModel(g.ctx, C.Z3_goal_convert_model(g.ctx.ptr, g.ptr, m.ptr))
+}
+
 // String returns the string representation of the goal.
 func (g *Goal) String() string {
 	return C.GoString(C.Z3_goal_to_string(g.ctx.ptr, g.ptr))
 }
 
+// IsInconsistent returns true if the goal contains the formula false.
+func (g *Goal) IsInconsistent() bool {
+	return bool(C.Z3_goal_inconsistent(g.ctx.ptr, g.ptr))
+}
+
+// ToDimacsString converts the goal to a string in DIMACS format.
+// If includeNames is true, formula names are included as comments.
+func (g *Goal) ToDimacsString(includeNames bool) string {
+	return C.GoString(C.Z3_goal_to_dimacs_string(g.ctx.ptr, g.ptr, C.bool(includeNames)))
+}
+
 // ApplyResult represents the result of applying a tactic to a goal.
 type ApplyResult struct {
 	ctx *Context
@@ -243,6 +343,13 @@ func (p *Probe) Not() *Probe {
 	return newProbe(p.ctx, C.Z3_probe_not(p.ctx.ptr, p.ptr))
 }
 
+// GetProbeDescr returns a description of the probe with the given name.
+func (c *Context) GetProbeDescr(name string) string {
+	cName := C.CString(name)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cName))
+	return C.GoString(C.Z3_probe_get_descr(c.ptr, cName))
+}
+
 // Params represents a parameter set.
 type Params struct {
 	ctx *Context
diff --git a/src/api/go/z3.go b/src/api/go/z3.go
index 10e3d2a3f0..7c37b31332 100644
--- a/src/api/go/z3.go
+++ b/src/api/go/z3.go
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ type Context struct {
 // NewContext creates a new Z3 context with default configuration.
 func NewContext() *Context {
 	ctx := &Context{ptr: C.Z3_mk_context_rc(C.Z3_mk_config())}
+	C.Z3_enable_concurrent_dec_ref(ctx.ptr)
 	runtime.SetFinalizer(ctx, func(c *Context) {
 		C.Z3_del_context(c.ptr)
 	})
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ func NewContext() *Context {
 // NewContextWithConfig creates a new Z3 context with the given configuration.
 func NewContextWithConfig(cfg *Config) *Context {
 	ctx := &Context{ptr: C.Z3_mk_context_rc(cfg.ptr)}
+	C.Z3_enable_concurrent_dec_ref(ctx.ptr)
 	runtime.SetFinalizer(ctx, func(c *Context) {
 		C.Z3_del_context(c.ptr)
 	})
@@ -240,6 +242,45 @@ func newExpr(ctx *Context, ptr C.Z3_ast) *Expr {
 	return expr
 }
 
+// intsToCs converts a []int slice to []C.int, returning the slice and
+// a pointer to its first element (nil if empty).
+func intsToCs(ints []int) ([]C.int, *C.int) {
+	if len(ints) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	cInts := make([]C.int, len(ints))
+	for i, v := range ints {
+		cInts[i] = C.int(v)
+	}
+	return cInts, &cInts[0]
+}
+
+// exprsToASTs converts a []*Expr slice to []C.Z3_ast, returning the slice and
+// a pointer to its first element (nil if empty).
+func exprsToASTs(exprs []*Expr) ([]C.Z3_ast, *C.Z3_ast) {
+	if len(exprs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	cExprs := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(exprs))
+	for i, e := range exprs {
+		cExprs[i] = e.ptr
+	}
+	return cExprs, &cExprs[0]
+}
+
+// sortsToCSorts converts a []*Sort slice to []C.Z3_sort, returning the slice and
+// a pointer to its first element (nil if empty).
+func sortsToCSorts(sorts []*Sort) ([]C.Z3_sort, *C.Z3_sort) {
+	if len(sorts) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	cSorts := make([]C.Z3_sort, len(sorts))
+	for i, s := range sorts {
+		cSorts[i] = s.ptr
+	}
+	return cSorts, &cSorts[0]
+}
+
 // String returns the string representation of the expression.
 func (e *Expr) String() string {
 	return C.GoString(C.Z3_ast_to_string(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr))
@@ -291,6 +332,21 @@ func newASTVector(ctx *Context, ptr C.Z3_ast_vector) *ASTVector {
 	return v
 }
 
+// Size returns the number of ASTs in the vector.
+func (v *ASTVector) Size() uint {
+	return uint(C.Z3_ast_vector_size(v.ctx.ptr, v.ptr))
+}
+
+// Get returns the i-th AST in the vector.
+func (v *ASTVector) Get(i uint) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(v.ctx, C.Z3_ast_vector_get(v.ctx.ptr, v.ptr, C.uint(i)))
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the AST vector.
+func (v *ASTVector) String() string {
+	return C.GoString(C.Z3_ast_vector_to_string(v.ctx.ptr, v.ptr))
+}
+
 // ParamDescrs represents parameter descriptions for Z3 objects.
 type ParamDescrs struct {
 	ctx *Context
@@ -353,11 +409,8 @@ func (c *Context) MkAnd(exprs ...*Expr) *Expr {
 	if len(exprs) == 1 {
 		return exprs[0]
 	}
-	cExprs := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(exprs))
-	for i, e := range exprs {
-		cExprs[i] = e.ptr
-	}
-	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_and(c.ptr, C.uint(len(exprs)), &cExprs[0]))
+	_, cExprsPtr := exprsToASTs(exprs)
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_and(c.ptr, C.uint(len(exprs)), cExprsPtr))
 }
 
 // MkOr creates a disjunction.
@@ -368,11 +421,8 @@ func (c *Context) MkOr(exprs ...*Expr) *Expr {
 	if len(exprs) == 1 {
 		return exprs[0]
 	}
-	cExprs := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(exprs))
-	for i, e := range exprs {
-		cExprs[i] = e.ptr
-	}
-	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_or(c.ptr, C.uint(len(exprs)), &cExprs[0]))
+	_, cExprsPtr := exprsToASTs(exprs)
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_or(c.ptr, C.uint(len(exprs)), cExprsPtr))
 }
 
 // MkNot creates a negation.
@@ -407,11 +457,52 @@ func (c *Context) MkDistinct(exprs ...*Expr) *Expr {
 	if len(exprs) <= 1 {
 		return c.MkTrue()
 	}
-	cExprs := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(exprs))
-	for i, e := range exprs {
-		cExprs[i] = e.ptr
+	_, cExprsPtr := exprsToASTs(exprs)
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_distinct(c.ptr, C.uint(len(exprs)), cExprsPtr))
+}
+
+// Pseudo-Boolean / cardinality constraints
+
+// MkAtMost encodes p1 + p2 + ... + pn <= k.
+func (c *Context) MkAtMost(args []*Expr, k uint) *Expr {
+	_, cArgsPtr := exprsToASTs(args)
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_atmost(c.ptr, C.uint(len(args)), cArgsPtr, C.uint(k)))
+}
+
+// MkAtLeast encodes p1 + p2 + ... + pn >= k.
+func (c *Context) MkAtLeast(args []*Expr, k uint) *Expr {
+	_, cArgsPtr := exprsToASTs(args)
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_atleast(c.ptr, C.uint(len(args)), cArgsPtr, C.uint(k)))
+}
+
+// MkPBLe encodes k1*p1 + k2*p2 + ... + kn*pn <= k.
+func (c *Context) MkPBLe(args []*Expr, coeffs []int, k int) *Expr {
+	if len(args) != len(coeffs) {
+		panic("MkPBLe: args and coeffs must have the same length")
 	}
-	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_distinct(c.ptr, C.uint(len(exprs)), &cExprs[0]))
+	_, cArgsPtr := exprsToASTs(args)
+	_, cCoeffsPtr := intsToCs(coeffs)
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_pble(c.ptr, C.uint(len(args)), cArgsPtr, cCoeffsPtr, C.int(k)))
+}
+
+// MkPBGe encodes k1*p1 + k2*p2 + ... + kn*pn >= k.
+func (c *Context) MkPBGe(args []*Expr, coeffs []int, k int) *Expr {
+	if len(args) != len(coeffs) {
+		panic("MkPBGe: args and coeffs must have the same length")
+	}
+	_, cArgsPtr := exprsToASTs(args)
+	_, cCoeffsPtr := intsToCs(coeffs)
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_pbge(c.ptr, C.uint(len(args)), cArgsPtr, cCoeffsPtr, C.int(k)))
+}
+
+// MkPBEq encodes k1*p1 + k2*p2 + ... + kn*pn = k.
+func (c *Context) MkPBEq(args []*Expr, coeffs []int, k int) *Expr {
+	if len(args) != len(coeffs) {
+		panic("MkPBEq: args and coeffs must have the same length")
+	}
+	_, cArgsPtr := exprsToASTs(args)
+	_, cCoeffsPtr := intsToCs(coeffs)
+	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_pbeq(c.ptr, C.uint(len(args)), cArgsPtr, cCoeffsPtr, C.int(k)))
 }
 
 // FuncDecl represents a function declaration.
@@ -460,27 +551,26 @@ func (f *FuncDecl) GetRange() *Sort {
 
 // MkFuncDecl creates a function declaration.
 func (c *Context) MkFuncDecl(name *Symbol, domain []*Sort, range_ *Sort) *FuncDecl {
-	cDomain := make([]C.Z3_sort, len(domain))
-	for i, s := range domain {
-		cDomain[i] = s.ptr
-	}
-	var domainPtr *C.Z3_sort
-	if len(domain) > 0 {
-		domainPtr = &cDomain[0]
-	}
+	_, domainPtr := sortsToCSorts(domain)
 	return newFuncDecl(c, C.Z3_mk_func_decl(c.ptr, name.ptr, C.uint(len(domain)), domainPtr, range_.ptr))
 }
 
+// MkRecFuncDecl creates a recursive function declaration.
+// After creating, use AddRecDef to provide the function body.
+func (c *Context) MkRecFuncDecl(name *Symbol, domain []*Sort, range_ *Sort) *FuncDecl {
+	_, domainPtr := sortsToCSorts(domain)
+	return newFuncDecl(c, C.Z3_mk_rec_func_decl(c.ptr, name.ptr, C.uint(len(domain)), domainPtr, range_.ptr))
+}
+
+// AddRecDef adds the definition (body) for a recursive function created with MkRecFuncDecl.
+func (c *Context) AddRecDef(f *FuncDecl, args []*Expr, body *Expr) {
+	_, argsPtr := exprsToASTs(args)
+	C.Z3_add_rec_def(c.ptr, f.ptr, C.uint(len(args)), argsPtr, body.ptr)
+}
+
 // MkApp creates a function application.
 func (c *Context) MkApp(decl *FuncDecl, args ...*Expr) *Expr {
-	cArgs := make([]C.Z3_ast, len(args))
-	for i, a := range args {
-		cArgs[i] = a.ptr
-	}
-	var argsPtr *C.Z3_ast
-	if len(args) > 0 {
-		argsPtr = &cArgs[0]
-	}
+	_, argsPtr := exprsToASTs(args)
 	return newExpr(c, C.Z3_mk_app(c.ptr, decl.ptr, C.uint(len(args)), argsPtr))
 }
 
@@ -519,6 +609,66 @@ func (e *Expr) Simplify() *Expr {
 	return newExpr(e.ctx, C.Z3_simplify(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr))
 }
 
+// GetDecl returns the function declaration of an application expression.
+func (e *Expr) GetDecl() *FuncDecl {
+	return newFuncDecl(e.ctx, C.Z3_get_app_decl(e.ctx.ptr, C.Z3_to_app(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr)))
+}
+
+// NumArgs returns the number of arguments of an application expression.
+func (e *Expr) NumArgs() uint {
+	return uint(C.Z3_get_app_num_args(e.ctx.ptr, C.Z3_to_app(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr)))
+}
+
+// Arg returns the i-th argument of an application expression.
+func (e *Expr) Arg(i uint) *Expr {
+	return newExpr(e.ctx, C.Z3_get_app_arg(e.ctx.ptr, C.Z3_to_app(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr), C.uint(i)))
+}
+
+// Substitute replaces every occurrence of from[i] in the expression with to[i].
+// The from and to slices must have the same length.
+func (e *Expr) Substitute(from, to []*Expr) *Expr {
+	n := len(from)
+	cFrom := make([]C.Z3_ast, n)
+	cTo := make([]C.Z3_ast, n)
+	for i := range from {
+		cFrom[i] = from[i].ptr
+		cTo[i] = to[i].ptr
+	}
+	var fromPtr, toPtr *C.Z3_ast
+	if n > 0 {
+		fromPtr = &cFrom[0]
+		toPtr = &cTo[0]
+	}
+	return newExpr(e.ctx, C.Z3_substitute(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr, C.uint(n), fromPtr, toPtr))
+}
+
+// SubstituteVars replaces free variables in the expression with the expressions in to.
+// Variable with de-Bruijn index i is replaced with to[i].
+func (e *Expr) SubstituteVars(to []*Expr) *Expr {
+	_, toPtr := exprsToASTs(to)
+	return newExpr(e.ctx, C.Z3_substitute_vars(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr, C.uint(len(to)), toPtr))
+}
+
+// SubstituteFuns replaces every occurrence of from[i] applied to arguments
+// with to[i] in the expression.
+// The from and to slices must have the same length.
+func (e *Expr) SubstituteFuns(from []*FuncDecl, to []*Expr) *Expr {
+	n := len(from)
+	cFrom := make([]C.Z3_func_decl, n)
+	cTo := make([]C.Z3_ast, n)
+	for i := range from {
+		cFrom[i] = from[i].ptr
+		cTo[i] = to[i].ptr
+	}
+	var fromPtr *C.Z3_func_decl
+	var toPtr *C.Z3_ast
+	if n > 0 {
+		fromPtr = &cFrom[0]
+		toPtr = &cTo[0]
+	}
+	return newExpr(e.ctx, C.Z3_substitute_funs(e.ctx.ptr, e.ptr, C.uint(n), fromPtr, toPtr))
+}
+
 // MkTypeVariable creates a type variable sort for use in polymorphic functions and datatypes
 func (c *Context) MkTypeVariable(name *Symbol) *Sort {
 	return newSort(c, C.Z3_mk_type_variable(c.ptr, name.ptr))
@@ -612,12 +762,7 @@ func (q *Quantifier) String() string {
 
 // MkQuantifier creates a quantifier with patterns
 func (c *Context) MkQuantifier(isForall bool, weight int, sorts []*Sort, names []*Symbol, body *Expr, patterns []*Pattern) *Quantifier {
-	var forallInt C.bool
-	if isForall {
-		forallInt = true
-	} else {
-		forallInt = false
-	}
+	forallInt := C.bool(isForall)
 
 	numBound := len(sorts)
 	if numBound != len(names) {
@@ -660,12 +805,7 @@ func (c *Context) MkQuantifier(isForall bool, weight int, sorts []*Sort, names [
 
 // MkQuantifierConst creates a quantifier using constant bound variables
 func (c *Context) MkQuantifierConst(isForall bool, weight int, bound []*Expr, body *Expr, patterns []*Pattern) *Quantifier {
-	var forallInt C.bool
-	if isForall {
-		forallInt = true
-	} else {
-		forallInt = false
-	}
+	forallInt := C.bool(isForall)
 
 	numBound := len(bound)
 	var cBound []C.Z3_app
@@ -788,6 +928,33 @@ func (c *Context) MkLambdaConst(bound []*Expr, body *Expr) *Lambda {
 	return newLambda(c, ptr)
 }
 
+// SetGlobalParam sets a global Z3 parameter.
+func SetGlobalParam(id, value string) {
+	cID := C.CString(id)
+	cValue := C.CString(value)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cID))
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cValue))
+	C.Z3_global_param_set(cID, cValue)
+}
+
+// GetGlobalParam retrieves the value of a global Z3 parameter.
+// Returns the value and true if the parameter exists, or empty string and false otherwise.
+func GetGlobalParam(id string) (string, bool) {
+	cID := C.CString(id)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cID))
+	var cValue C.Z3_string
+	ok := C.Z3_global_param_get(cID, &cValue)
+	if ok == C.bool(false) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return C.GoString(cValue), true
+}
+
+// ResetAllGlobalParams resets all global Z3 parameters to their default values.
+func ResetAllGlobalParams() {
+	C.Z3_global_param_reset_all()
+}
+
 // astVectorToExprs converts a Z3_ast_vector to a slice of Expr.
 // This function properly manages the reference count of the vector by
 // incrementing it on entry and decrementing it on exit.
diff --git a/src/api/java/AST.java b/src/api/java/AST.java
index 0257f52940..a31e5ea3bf 100644
--- a/src/api/java/AST.java
+++ b/src/api/java/AST.java
@@ -80,6 +80,16 @@ public class AST extends Z3Object implements Comparable<AST>
         return Native.getAstId(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The depth of the AST (max nodes on any root-to-leaf path).
+     * @throws Z3Exception on error
+     * @return an int
+     **/
+    public int getDepth()
+    {
+        return Native.getDepth(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Translates (copies) the AST to the Context {@code ctx}. 
      * @param ctx A context
diff --git a/src/api/java/ArraySort.java b/src/api/java/ArraySort.java
index 3d3ef30411..c52f178663 100644
--- a/src/api/java/ArraySort.java
+++ b/src/api/java/ArraySort.java
@@ -59,6 +59,16 @@ public class ArraySort<D extends Sort, R extends Sort> extends Sort
                 Native.getArraySortRange(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject()));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The number of dimensions of the array sort.
+     * @throws Z3Exception on error
+     * @return an int
+     **/
+    public int getArity()
+    {
+        return Native.getArrayArity(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     ArraySort(Context ctx, long obj)
     {
         super(ctx, obj);
diff --git a/src/api/java/CMakeLists.txt b/src/api/java/CMakeLists.txt
index 9bde1bb20e..774a293bc4 100644
--- a/src/api/java/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/api/java/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -48,17 +48,18 @@ target_include_directories(z3java PRIVATE
   "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src/api"
   ${JNI_INCLUDE_DIRS}
 )
-# Add header padding for macOS to allow install_name_tool to modify the dylib
+# On macOS, set rpath so libz3java.dylib can find libz3.dylib in the same directory,
+# and add header padding to allow install_name_tool to modify the dylib.
 if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
+  set_target_properties(z3java PROPERTIES
+    MACOSX_RPATH TRUE
+    INSTALL_RPATH "@loader_path"
+    BUILD_RPATH "@loader_path"
+  )
   target_link_options(z3java PRIVATE "-Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names")
 endif()
 # FIXME: Should this library have SONAME and VERSION set?
 
-# On macOS, add headerpad for install_name_tool compatibility
-if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
-  target_link_options(z3java PRIVATE "-Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names")
-endif()
-
 # This prevents CMake from automatically defining ``z3java_EXPORTS``
 set_property(TARGET z3java PROPERTY DEFINE_SYMBOL "")
 
@@ -124,6 +125,7 @@ set(Z3_JAVA_JAR_SOURCE_FILES
   FiniteDomainExpr.java
   FiniteDomainNum.java
   FiniteDomainSort.java
+  FiniteSetSort.java
   Fixedpoint.java
   FPExpr.java
   FPNum.java
diff --git a/src/api/java/Context.java b/src/api/java/Context.java
index 2833916f21..d02f4f2874 100644
--- a/src/api/java/Context.java
+++ b/src/api/java/Context.java
@@ -1152,6 +1152,27 @@ public class Context implements AutoCloseable {
         return new BoolExpr(this, Native.mkIsInt(nCtx(), t.getNativeObject()));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates the absolute value of an arithmetic expression.
+     * Remarks: The argument must have integer or real sort.
+     **/
+    public <R extends ArithSort> ArithExpr<R> mkAbs(Expr<? extends R> arg)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(arg);
+        return (ArithExpr<R>) Expr.create(this, Native.mkAbs(nCtx(), arg.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an integer divisibility predicate (t1 divides t2).
+     * Remarks: Both arguments must have integer sort.
+     **/
+    public BoolExpr mkDivides(Expr<IntSort> t1, Expr<IntSort> t2)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(t1);
+        checkContextMatch(t2);
+        return new BoolExpr(this, Native.mkDivides(nCtx(), t1.getNativeObject(), t2.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Bitwise negation.
      * Remarks: The argument must have a bit-vector
@@ -1999,6 +2020,19 @@ public class Context implements AutoCloseable {
                 Native.mkArrayDefault(nCtx(), array.getNativeObject()));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Create an as-array expression from a function declaration.
+     * @param f the function declaration to lift into an array.
+     *          Must have exactly one domain sort.
+     * @see #mkTermArray(Expr)
+     * @see #mkMap(FuncDecl, Expr[])
+     **/
+    public final <D extends Sort, R extends Sort> ArrayExpr<D, R> mkAsArray(FuncDecl<R> f)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(f);
+        return (ArrayExpr<D, R>) Expr.create(this, Native.mkAsArray(nCtx(), f.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create Extentionality index. Two arrays are equal if and only if they are equal on the index returned by MkArrayExt.
      **/
@@ -2134,6 +2168,145 @@ public class Context implements AutoCloseable {
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Finite Sets
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Create a finite set sort over the given element sort.
+     **/
+    public final FiniteSetSort mkFiniteSetSort(Sort elemSort)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(elemSort);
+        return new FiniteSetSort(this, elemSort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if a sort is a finite set sort.
+     **/
+    public final boolean isFiniteSetSort(Sort s)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(s);
+        return Native.isFiniteSetSort(nCtx(), s.getNativeObject());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the element sort (basis) of a finite set sort.
+     **/
+    public final Sort getFiniteSetSortBasis(Sort s)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(s);
+        return Sort.create(this, Native.getFiniteSetSortBasis(nCtx(), s.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an empty finite set.
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetEmpty(Sort setSort)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(setSort);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetEmpty(nCtx(), setSort.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a singleton finite set.
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetSingleton(Expr elem)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(elem);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetSingleton(nCtx(), elem.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create the union of two finite sets.
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetUnion(Expr s1, Expr s2)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(s1);
+        checkContextMatch(s2);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetUnion(nCtx(), s1.getNativeObject(), s2.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create the intersection of two finite sets.
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetIntersect(Expr s1, Expr s2)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(s1);
+        checkContextMatch(s2);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetIntersect(nCtx(), s1.getNativeObject(), s2.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create the difference of two finite sets.
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetDifference(Expr s1, Expr s2)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(s1);
+        checkContextMatch(s2);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetDifference(nCtx(), s1.getNativeObject(), s2.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check for membership in a finite set.
+     **/
+    public final BoolExpr mkFiniteSetMember(Expr elem, Expr set)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(elem);
+        checkContextMatch(set);
+        return (BoolExpr) Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetMember(nCtx(), elem.getNativeObject(), set.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the cardinality of a finite set.
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetSize(Expr set)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(set);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetSize(nCtx(), set.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if one finite set is a subset of another.
+     **/
+    public final BoolExpr mkFiniteSetSubset(Expr s1, Expr s2)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(s1);
+        checkContextMatch(s2);
+        return (BoolExpr) Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetSubset(nCtx(), s1.getNativeObject(), s2.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map a function over all elements in a finite set.
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetMap(Expr f, Expr set)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(f);
+        checkContextMatch(set);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetMap(nCtx(), f.getNativeObject(), set.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filter a finite set with a predicate.
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetFilter(Expr f, Expr set)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(f);
+        checkContextMatch(set);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetFilter(nCtx(), f.getNativeObject(), set.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a finite set containing integers in the range [low, high].
+     **/
+    public final Expr mkFiniteSetRange(Expr low, Expr high)
+    {
+        checkContextMatch(low);
+        checkContextMatch(high);
+        return Expr.create(this, Native.mkFiniteSetRange(nCtx(), low.getNativeObject(), high.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Sequences, Strings and regular expressions.
      */
@@ -4443,6 +4616,38 @@ public class Context implements AutoCloseable {
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a piecewise linear order.
+     * @param index The index of the order.
+     * @param sort The sort of the order.
+     */
+    public final <R extends Sort> FuncDecl<BoolSort> mkPiecewiseLinearOrder(R sort, int index) {
+        return (FuncDecl<BoolSort>) FuncDecl.create(
+                this,
+                Native.mkPiecewiseLinearOrder(
+                    nCtx(),
+                    sort.getNativeObject(),
+                    index
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a tree order.
+     * @param index The index of the order.
+     * @param sort The sort of the order.
+     */
+    public final <R extends Sort> FuncDecl<BoolSort> mkTreeOrder(R sort, int index) {
+        return (FuncDecl<BoolSort>) FuncDecl.create(
+                this,
+                Native.mkTreeOrder(
+                    nCtx(),
+                    sort.getNativeObject(),
+                    index
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Return the nonzero subresultants of p and q with respect to the "variable" x.
      * Note that any subterm that cannot be viewed as a polynomial is assumed to be a variable.
diff --git a/src/api/java/DatatypeSort.java b/src/api/java/DatatypeSort.java
index 8d7f53c246..92601a4f15 100644
--- a/src/api/java/DatatypeSort.java
+++ b/src/api/java/DatatypeSort.java
@@ -33,6 +33,17 @@ public class DatatypeSort<R> extends Sort
                 getNativeObject());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the datatype sort is recursive.
+     * @throws Z3Exception on error
+     * @return a boolean
+     **/
+    public boolean isRecursive()
+    {
+        return Native.isRecursiveDatatypeSort(getContext().nCtx(),
+                getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     /**
      * The constructors.
      * 
diff --git a/src/api/java/EnumSort.java b/src/api/java/EnumSort.java
index 5cd11ba08b..6dcbee519e 100644
--- a/src/api/java/EnumSort.java
+++ b/src/api/java/EnumSort.java
@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ public class EnumSort<R> extends Sort
         return new FuncDecl<>(getContext(), Native.getDatatypeSortRecognizer(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), inx));
     }
 
+    EnumSort(Context ctx, long obj)
+    {
+        super(ctx, obj);
+    }
+
     EnumSort(Context ctx, Symbol name, Symbol[] enumNames)
     {
         super(ctx, Native.mkEnumerationSort(ctx.nCtx(),
diff --git a/src/api/java/Expr.java b/src/api/java/Expr.java
index b15624871d..58491eb7a8 100644
--- a/src/api/java/Expr.java
+++ b/src/api/java/Expr.java
@@ -244,6 +244,15 @@ public class Expr<R extends Sort> extends AST
         return Native.isNumeralAst(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Return the numeral value as a double.
+     * The expression must be a numeral or an algebraic number.
+     **/
+    public double getNumeralDouble()
+    {
+        return Native.getNumeralDouble(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Indicates whether the term is well-sorted.
      * 
@@ -306,6 +315,26 @@ public class Expr<R extends Sort> extends AST
         return Native.isAlgebraicNumber(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the term is ground (contains no free variables).
+     * @throws Z3Exception on error
+     * @return a boolean
+     **/
+    public boolean isGround()
+    {
+        return Native.isGround(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the term is a lambda expression.
+     * @throws Z3Exception on error
+     * @return a boolean
+     **/
+    public boolean isLambda()
+    {
+        return Native.isLambda(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Indicates whether the term has Boolean sort.
      * @throws Z3Exception on error
diff --git a/src/api/java/FPExpr.java b/src/api/java/FPExpr.java
index c348e64204..660619ac23 100644
--- a/src/api/java/FPExpr.java
+++ b/src/api/java/FPExpr.java
@@ -32,7 +32,17 @@ public class FPExpr extends Expr<FPSort>
      * @throws Z3Exception 
      */
     public int getSBits() { return ((FPSort)getSort()).getSBits(); }
-    
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the floating-point expression is a numeral.
+     * @throws Z3Exception on error
+     * @return a boolean
+     **/
+    public boolean isNumeral()
+    {
+        return Native.fpaIsNumeral(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     public FPExpr(Context ctx, long obj)
     {
         super(ctx, obj); 
diff --git a/src/api/java/FiniteSetSort.java b/src/api/java/FiniteSetSort.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0311995394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/java/FiniteSetSort.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+Copyright (c) 2024 Microsoft Corporation
+   
+Module Name:
+
+    FiniteSetSort.java
+
+Abstract:
+
+Author:
+
+    GitHub Copilot
+
+Notes:
+    
+**/ 
+
+package com.microsoft.z3;
+
+/**
+ * Finite set sorts.
+ **/
+public class FiniteSetSort extends Sort
+{
+    FiniteSetSort(Context ctx, long obj)
+    {
+        super(ctx, obj);
+    }
+
+    FiniteSetSort(Context ctx, Sort elemSort)
+    {
+        super(ctx, Native.mkFiniteSetSort(ctx.nCtx(), elemSort.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the element sort (basis) of this finite set sort.
+     **/
+    public Sort getBasis()
+    {
+        return Sort.create(getContext(), Native.getFiniteSetSortBasis(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/api/java/IntNum.java b/src/api/java/IntNum.java
index d3a5b456fa..3dda557142 100644
--- a/src/api/java/IntNum.java
+++ b/src/api/java/IntNum.java
@@ -52,6 +52,33 @@ public class IntNum extends IntExpr
         return res.value;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the unsigned 32-bit value.
+     * The returned Java {@code int} holds the raw bit pattern;
+     * use {@code Integer.toUnsignedLong(v)} for unsigned interpretation.
+     **/
+    public int getUint()
+    {
+        Native.IntPtr res = new Native.IntPtr();
+        if (!Native.getNumeralUint(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), res))
+            throw new Z3Exception("Numeral is not a uint");
+        return res.value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the unsigned 64-bit value.
+     * The returned Java {@code long} holds the raw bit pattern;
+     * use {@code Long.toUnsignedString(v)} or {@link #getBigInteger()}
+     * for values exceeding {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}.
+     **/
+    public long getUint64()
+    {
+        Native.LongPtr res = new Native.LongPtr();
+        if (!Native.getNumeralUint64(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), res))
+            throw new Z3Exception("Numeral is not a uint64");
+        return res.value;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Retrieve the BigInteger value.
      **/
diff --git a/src/api/java/NativeStatic.txt b/src/api/java/NativeStatic.txt
index ac456f926b..c8bd267b5c 100644
--- a/src/api/java/NativeStatic.txt
+++ b/src/api/java/NativeStatic.txt
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ static void decide_eh(void* _p, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast _val, unsigned bit
   info->jenv->CallVoidMethod(info->jobj, info->decide, (jlong)_val, bit, is_pos);
 }
 
-static jboolean on_binding_eh(void* _p, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast _q, Z3_ast _inst) {
+[[maybe_unused]] static jboolean on_binding_eh(void* _p, Z3_solver_callback cb, Z3_ast _q, Z3_ast _inst) {
   JavaInfo *info = static_cast<JavaInfo*>(_p);
   ScopedCB scoped(info, cb);
   return info->jenv->CallBooleanMethod(info->jobj, info->on_binding, (jlong)_q, (jlong)_inst);
@@ -241,3 +241,40 @@ DLL_VIS JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL Java_com_microsoft_z3_Native_propagateNextSpl
   Z3_solver_callback cb = info->cb;
   return (jboolean) Z3_solver_next_split((Z3_context)ctx, cb, (Z3_ast)e, idx, Z3_lbool(phase));
 }
+
+struct JavaOnClauseInfo {
+  JNIEnv *jenv = nullptr;
+  jobject jobj = nullptr;
+  jmethodID on_clause = nullptr;
+};
+
+static void java_on_clause_eh(void* _p, Z3_ast proof_hint, unsigned n, unsigned const* deps, Z3_ast_vector literals) {
+  JavaOnClauseInfo *info = static_cast<JavaOnClauseInfo*>(_p);
+  jintArray jdeps = info->jenv->NewIntArray((jsize)n);
+  info->jenv->SetIntArrayRegion(jdeps, 0, (jsize)n, (jint*)deps);
+  info->jenv->CallVoidMethod(info->jobj, info->on_clause, (jlong)proof_hint, jdeps, (jlong)literals);
+  info->jenv->DeleteLocalRef(jdeps);
+}
+
+DLL_VIS JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_microsoft_z3_Native_onClauseInit(JNIEnv *jenv, jclass cls, jobject jobj, jlong ctx, jlong solver) {
+  JavaOnClauseInfo *info = new JavaOnClauseInfo;
+  info->jenv = jenv;
+  info->jobj = jenv->NewGlobalRef(jobj);
+  jclass jcls = jenv->GetObjectClass(info->jobj);
+  info->on_clause = jenv->GetMethodID(jcls, "onClauseWrapper", "(J[IJ)V");
+  if (!info->on_clause) {
+    jenv->DeleteGlobalRef(info->jobj);
+    delete info;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  Z3_solver_register_on_clause((Z3_context)ctx, (Z3_solver)solver, info, java_on_clause_eh);
+  return (jlong)info;
+}
+
+DLL_VIS JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_microsoft_z3_Native_onClauseDestroy(JNIEnv *jenv, jclass cls, jlong javainfo) {
+  JavaOnClauseInfo *info = (JavaOnClauseInfo*)javainfo;
+  if (info) {
+    info->jenv->DeleteGlobalRef(info->jobj);
+    delete info;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/api/java/OnClause.java b/src/api/java/OnClause.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8a3e0cc23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/java/OnClause.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Microsoft Corporation
+   
+Module Name:
+
+    OnClause.java
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Callback on clause inferences
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2022-10-19
+
+Notes:
+
+**/
+
+package com.microsoft.z3;
+
+/**
+ * Clause inference callback.
+ * <p>
+ * Allows users to observe clauses learned during solving.
+ * Useful for custom learning strategies, clause sharing in parallel solvers,
+ * debugging, and proof extraction.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Usage: create an instance, override {@link #onClause(Expr, int[], ASTVector)},
+ * and close the instance when done.
+ * </p>
+ **/
+public class OnClause implements AutoCloseable {
+
+    private long javainfo;
+    private final Context ctx;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an on-clause callback for the given solver.
+     *
+     * @param ctx    The Z3 context
+     * @param solver The solver to register the callback with
+     * @throws Z3Exception
+     **/
+    public OnClause(Context ctx, Solver solver) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        javainfo = Native.onClauseInit(this, ctx.nCtx(), solver.getNativeObject());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a clause is inferred during solving.
+     * <p>
+     * The life-time of {@code proof_hint} and {@code literals} is limited to
+     * the scope of this callback. If you want to store them, you must duplicate
+     * the expressions or extract the literals before returning.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param proof_hint A partial or comprehensive derivation justifying the inference (may be null)
+     * @param deps       Dependency indices
+     * @param literals   The inferred clause as a vector of literals
+     **/
+    public void onClause(Expr<?> proof_hint, int[] deps, ASTVector literals) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Internal wrapper called from JNI. Do not override.
+     **/
+    final void onClauseWrapper(long proofHintPtr, int[] deps, long literalsPtr) {
+        Expr<?> proof_hint = proofHintPtr != 0 ? (Expr<?>) Expr.create(ctx, proofHintPtr) : null;
+        ASTVector literals = new ASTVector(ctx, literalsPtr);
+        onClause(proof_hint, deps, literals);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the callback and frees associated resources.
+     * Must be called when the callback is no longer needed.
+     **/
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (javainfo != 0) {
+            Native.onClauseDestroy(javainfo);
+            javainfo = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/api/java/Optimize.java b/src/api/java/Optimize.java
index 391cf943c9..9364b8dff6 100644
--- a/src/api/java/Optimize.java
+++ b/src/api/java/Optimize.java
@@ -397,6 +397,22 @@ public class Optimize extends Z3Object {
         return objectives.ToExprArray();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set an initial value for a variable to guide the optimizer's search heuristics.
+     * This can improve performance when a good initial value is known for the variable.
+     *
+     * @param var The variable to set an initial value for
+     * @param value The initial value for the variable
+     * @throws Z3Exception
+     **/
+    public void setInitialValue(Expr<?> var, Expr<?> value)
+    {
+        getContext().checkContextMatch(var);
+        getContext().checkContextMatch(value);
+        Native.optimizeSetInitialValue(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(),
+            var.getNativeObject(), value.getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     /**
      *  Optimize statistics.
      **/
diff --git a/src/api/java/RatNum.java b/src/api/java/RatNum.java
index 2bf1b28ddb..cde3a8bd8a 100644
--- a/src/api/java/RatNum.java
+++ b/src/api/java/RatNum.java
@@ -60,6 +60,34 @@ public class RatNum extends RealExpr
         return new BigInteger(n.toString());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the numerator and denominator as 64-bit integers.
+     * Throws if the value does not fit in 64-bit integers.
+     * @return a two-element array [numerator, denominator]
+     **/
+    public long[] getSmall()
+    {
+        Native.LongPtr num = new Native.LongPtr();
+        Native.LongPtr den = new Native.LongPtr();
+        if (!Native.getNumeralSmall(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), num, den))
+            throw new Z3Exception("Numeral does not fit in int64");
+        return new long[] { num.value, den.value };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the numerator and denominator as 64-bit integers.
+     * Returns null if the value does not fit in 64-bit integers.
+     * @return a two-element array [numerator, denominator], or null
+     **/
+    public long[] getRationalInt64()
+    {
+        Native.LongPtr num = new Native.LongPtr();
+        Native.LongPtr den = new Native.LongPtr();
+        if (!Native.getNumeralRationalInt64(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), num, den))
+            return null;
+        return new long[] { num.value, den.value };
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns a string representation in decimal notation.
      * Remarks: The result
diff --git a/src/api/java/Solver.java b/src/api/java/Solver.java
index adeeb62340..0f3023b505 100644
--- a/src/api/java/Solver.java
+++ b/src/api/java/Solver.java
@@ -464,6 +464,74 @@ public class Solver extends Z3Object {
         };
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Return the congruence class representative of the given expression.
+     * This is useful for querying the equality reasoning performed by the solver.
+     *
+     * @param t The expression to find the congruence root for
+     * @return The root expression of the congruence class
+     * @throws Z3Exception
+     **/
+    public Expr<?> congruenceRoot(Expr<?> t)
+    {
+        getContext().checkContextMatch(t);
+        return Expr.create(getContext(),
+            Native.solverCongruenceRoot(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), t.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the next element in the congruence class of the given expression.
+     * The congruence class forms a circular linked list.
+     *
+     * @param t The expression to find the next congruent expression for
+     * @return The next expression in the congruence class
+     * @throws Z3Exception
+     **/
+    public Expr<?> congruenceNext(Expr<?> t)
+    {
+        getContext().checkContextMatch(t);
+        return Expr.create(getContext(),
+            Native.solverCongruenceNext(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), t.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return an explanation for why two expressions are congruent.
+     *
+     * @param a First expression
+     * @param b Second expression
+     * @return An expression explaining the congruence between a and b
+     * @throws Z3Exception
+     **/
+    public Expr<?> congruenceExplain(Expr<?> a, Expr<?> b)
+    {
+        getContext().checkContextMatch(a);
+        getContext().checkContextMatch(b);
+        return Expr.create(getContext(),
+            Native.solverCongruenceExplain(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(),
+                a.getNativeObject(), b.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Solve constraints for given variables, replacing their occurrences by terms.
+     * Guards are used to guard substitutions.
+     *
+     * @param variables Array of variables to solve for
+     * @param terms Array of terms to substitute for the variables
+     * @param guards Array of Boolean guards for the substitutions
+     * @throws Z3Exception
+     **/
+    public void solveFor(Expr<?>[] variables, Expr<?>[] terms, BoolExpr[] guards)
+    {
+        ASTVector vars = new ASTVector(getContext());
+        ASTVector termVec = new ASTVector(getContext());
+        ASTVector guardVec = new ASTVector(getContext());
+        for (Expr<?> v : variables) vars.push(v);
+        for (Expr<?> t : terms) termVec.push(t);
+        for (BoolExpr g : guards) guardVec.push(g);
+        Native.solverSolveFor(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(),
+            vars.getNativeObject(), termVec.getNativeObject(), guardVec.getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Set an initial value for a variable to guide the solver's search heuristics.
      * This can improve performance when good initial values are known for the problem domain.
@@ -480,6 +548,16 @@ public class Solver extends Z3Object {
                                      var.getNativeObject(), value.getNativeObject());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Import model converter from other solver.
+     *
+     * @param src The solver to import the model converter from
+     **/
+    public void importModelConverter(Solver src)
+    {
+        Native.solverImportModelConverter(getContext().nCtx(), src.getNativeObject(), getNativeObject());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create a clone of the current solver with respect to{@code ctx}.
      */
@@ -488,6 +566,29 @@ public class Solver extends Z3Object {
         return new Solver(ctx, Native.solverTranslate(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), ctx.nCtx()));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Create a new solver with pre-processing simplification attached.
+     *
+     * @param simplifier The simplifier to attach for pre-processing
+     * @return A new solver with the simplifier applied
+     **/
+    public Solver addSimplifier(Simplifier simplifier)
+    {
+        return new Solver(getContext(), Native.solverAddSimplifier(
+                getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), simplifier.getNativeObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert the solver's Boolean formula to DIMACS CNF format.
+     *
+     * @param includeNames If true, include variable names in the DIMACS output
+     * @return A string containing the DIMACS CNF representation
+     **/
+    public String toDimacs(boolean includeNames)
+    {
+        return Native.solverToDimacsString(getContext().nCtx(), getNativeObject(), includeNames);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Solver statistics.
      * 
diff --git a/src/api/java/Sort.java b/src/api/java/Sort.java
index 4910338f35..8be2cda7b8 100644
--- a/src/api/java/Sort.java
+++ b/src/api/java/Sort.java
@@ -125,6 +125,17 @@ public class Sort extends AST
         case Z3_BV_SORT:
             return new BitVecSort(ctx, obj);
         case Z3_DATATYPE_SORT:
+            int n = Native.getDatatypeSortNumConstructors(ctx.nCtx(), obj);
+            boolean isEnum = true;
+            for (int i = 0; i < n && isEnum; i++) {
+                long ctor = Native.getDatatypeSortConstructor(ctx.nCtx(), obj, i);
+                if (Native.getDomainSize(ctx.nCtx(), ctor) != 0) {
+                    isEnum = false;
+                }
+            }
+            if (isEnum) {
+                return new EnumSort<>(ctx, obj);
+            }
             return new DatatypeSort<>(ctx, obj);
         case Z3_INT_SORT:
             return new IntSort(ctx, obj);
diff --git a/src/api/js/PUBLISHED_README.md b/src/api/js/PUBLISHED_README.md
index 42d58a916b..85987ba7a2 100644
--- a/src/api/js/PUBLISHED_README.md
+++ b/src/api/js/PUBLISHED_README.md
@@ -16,6 +16,17 @@ const {
 
 This package has different initialization for browser and node. Your bundler and node should choose good version automatically, but you can import the one you need manually - `const { init } = require('z3-solver/node');` or `const { init } = require('z3-solver/browser');`.
 
+The `init` function also accepts an optional Emscripten module overrides object. This is useful in runtimes such as Deno where you may want to provide a wasm load path explicitly instead of relying on filesystem reads. In Deno 2.1+, `import.meta.resolve(...)` returns a string synchronously, so it can be used directly in `locateFile`. For example:
+
+```typescript
+import { init } from 'npm:z3-solver';
+
+const api = await init({
+  locateFile: (file, _prefix): string =>
+    import.meta.resolve(`npm:z3-solver/build/${file}`), // _prefix is unused here
+});
+```
+
 ### Limitations
 
 The package requires threads, which means you'll need to be running in an environment which supports `SharedArrayBuffer`. In browsers, in addition to ensuring the browser has implemented `SharedArrayBuffer`, you'll need to serve your page with [special headers](https://web.dev/coop-coep/). There's a [neat trick](https://github.com/gzuidhof/coi-serviceworker) for doing that client-side on e.g. Github Pages, though you shouldn't use that trick in more complex applications.
diff --git a/src/api/js/package-lock.json b/src/api/js/package-lock.json
index a93b8c8a87..be36753542 100644
--- a/src/api/js/package-lock.json
+++ b/src/api/js/package-lock.json
@@ -5400,10 +5400,20 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/linkify-it": {
-      "version": "5.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/linkify-it/-/linkify-it-5.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5aHCbzQRADcdP+ATqnDuhhJ/MRIqDkZX5pyjFHRRysS8vZ5AbqGEoFIb6pYHPZ+L/OC2Lc+xT8uHVVR5CAK/wQ==",
+      "version": "5.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/linkify-it/-/linkify-it-5.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wVoTjP4Q6R0NW5hiZkVJaFZPWgtXfoGF+6LucL3/FtiNjmcHhYjEr5f1Kqjirc1nBW07J/ZuRFumqr2oqccEWg==",
       "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/puzrin"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/markdown-it"
+        }
+      ],
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "uc.micro": "^2.0.0"
@@ -5501,15 +5511,25 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/markdown-it": {
-      "version": "14.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/markdown-it/-/markdown-it-14.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-a54IwgWPaeBCAAsv13YgmALOF1elABB08FxO9i+r4VFk5Vl4pKokRPeX8u5TCgSsPi6ec1otfLjdOpVcgbpshg==",
+      "version": "14.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/markdown-it/-/markdown-it-14.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1TGiQiJVRQ3NPmZH6sx5Cfnmg6GQm9jvC1ch4TK511NjSJvjzKLzn5pPfZRNZkRPZP0HqCioSndqH8v2nRaWVQ==",
       "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/puzrin"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/markdown-it"
+        }
+      ],
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "argparse": "^2.0.1",
         "entities": "^4.4.0",
-        "linkify-it": "^5.0.0",
+        "linkify-it": "^5.0.1",
         "mdurl": "^2.0.0",
         "punycode.js": "^2.3.1",
         "uc.micro": "^2.1.0"
@@ -5571,10 +5591,11 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/minimatch": {
-      "version": "3.1.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-J7p63hRiAjw1NDEww1W7i37+ByIrOWO5XQQAzZ3VOcL0PNybwpfmV/N05zFAzwQ9USyEcX6t3UO+K5aqBQOIHw==",
+      "version": "3.1.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VgjWUsnnT6n+NUk6eZq77zeFdpW2LWDzP6zFGrCbHXiYNul5Dzqk2HHQ5uFH2DNW5Xbp8+jVzaeNt94ssEEl4w==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
         "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
       },
@@ -5841,10 +5862,11 @@
       "license": "ISC"
     },
     "node_modules/picomatch": {
-      "version": "2.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-2.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JU3teHTNjmE2VCGFzuY8EXzCDVwEqB2a8fsIvwaStHhAWJEeVd1o1QD80CU6+ZdEXXSLbSsuLwJjkCBWqRQUVA==",
+      "version": "2.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-2.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-V7+vQEJ06Z+c5tSye8S+nHUfI51xoXIXjHQ99cQtKUkQqqO1kO/KCJUfZXuB47h/YBlDhah2H3hdUGXn8ie0oA==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8.6"
       },
@@ -6110,10 +6132,17 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/shell-quote": {
-      "version": "1.7.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shell-quote/-/shell-quote-1.7.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Vpfqwm4EnqGdlsBFNmHhxhElJYrdfcxPThu+ryKS5J8L/fhAwLazFZtq+S+TWZ9ANj2piSQLGj6NQg+lKPmxrw==",
-      "dev": true
+      "version": "1.8.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shell-quote/-/shell-quote-1.8.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VsC6n6vz1ihYYyZZwX7YZSF5l5x36ca17OC+a69h94YqB7X6XLwf+5MOgynYir2SLFUbl8gIYvBo8K8RoNQ6bQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.4"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
+      }
     },
     "node_modules/side-channel": {
       "version": "1.0.4",
@@ -6638,13 +6667,13 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/typedoc/node_modules/minimatch": {
-      "version": "9.0.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-9.0.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-G6T0ZX48xgozx7587koeX9Ys2NYy6Gmv//P89sEte9V9whIapMNF4idKxnW2QtCcLiTWlb/wfCabAtAFWhhBow==",
+      "version": "9.0.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-9.0.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OBwBN9AL4dqmETlpS2zasx+vTeWclWzkblfZk7KTA5j3jeOONz/tRCnZomUyvNg83wL5Zv9Ss6HMJXAgL8R2Yg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
-        "brace-expansion": "^2.0.1"
+        "brace-expansion": "^2.0.2"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=16 || 14 >=14.17"
diff --git a/src/api/js/scripts/build-wasm.ts b/src/api/js/scripts/build-wasm.ts
index 970ed06f01..0e01abfbf5 100644
--- a/src/api/js/scripts/build-wasm.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/scripts/build-wasm.ts
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(ccWrapperPath), { recursive: true });
 fs.writeFileSync(ccWrapperPath, makeCCWrapper());
 
 const fns = JSON.stringify(exportedFuncs());
-const methods = '["PThread","ccall","FS","UTF8ToString","intArrayFromString"]';
+const methods = '["PThread","ccall","FS","UTF8ToString","intArrayFromString","addFunction","removeFunction"]';
 const libz3a = path.normalize('../../../build/libz3.a');
 spawnSync(
-  `emcc build/async-fns.cc ${libz3a} --std=c++20 --pre-js src/low-level/async-wrapper.js -g2 -pthread -fexceptions -s WASM_BIGINT -s USE_PTHREADS=1 -s PTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=0 -s PTHREAD_POOL_SIZE_STRICT=0 -s MODULARIZE=1 -s 'EXPORT_NAME="initZ3"' -s EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=${methods} -s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=${fns} -s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0 -s SAFE_HEAP=0 -s TOTAL_MEMORY=2GB -s TOTAL_STACK=20MB -I z3/src/api/ -o build/z3-built.js`,
+  `emcc build/async-fns.cc ${libz3a} --std=c++20 --pre-js src/low-level/async-wrapper.js -g2 -pthread -fexceptions -s WASM_BIGINT -s USE_PTHREADS=1 -s PTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=0 -s PTHREAD_POOL_SIZE_STRICT=0 -s MODULARIZE=1 -s 'EXPORT_NAME="initZ3"' -s EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=${methods} -s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=${fns} -s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0 -s SAFE_HEAP=0 -s TOTAL_MEMORY=2GB -s TOTAL_STACK=20MB -s ALLOW_TABLE_GROWTH=1 -I z3/src/api/ -o build/z3-built.js`,
 );
 
 fs.rmSync(ccWrapperPath);
diff --git a/src/api/js/scripts/make-ts-wrapper.ts b/src/api/js/scripts/make-ts-wrapper.ts
index d193072432..560ad292e3 100644
--- a/src/api/js/scripts/make-ts-wrapper.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/scripts/make-ts-wrapper.ts
@@ -444,8 +444,8 @@ ${Object.entries(primitiveTypes)
   .map(e => `type ${e[0]} = ${e[1]};`)
   .join('\n')}
 
-export async function init(initModule: any) {
-  let Mod = await initModule();
+export async function init(initModule: any, moduleOverrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  let Mod = await initModule(moduleOverrides);
 
   // this works for both signed and unsigned, because JS will wrap for you when constructing the Uint32Array
   function intArrayToByteArr(ints: number[]) {
@@ -461,13 +461,13 @@ export async function init(initModule: any) {
   }
 
   let outAddress = Mod._malloc(${BYTES_TO_ALLOCATE_FOR_OUT_PARAMS});
-  let outUintArray = (new Uint32Array(Mod.HEAPU32.buffer, outAddress, 4));
+  let outUintArray = (new Uint32Array(Mod.HEAPU32.buffer, outAddress, ${BYTES_TO_ALLOCATE_FOR_OUT_PARAMS / 4}));
   let getOutUint = (i: ${getValidOutArrayIndexes(4)}) => outUintArray[i];
-  let outIntArray = (new Int32Array(Mod.HEAPU32.buffer, outAddress, 4));
+  let outIntArray = (new Int32Array(Mod.HEAPU32.buffer, outAddress, ${BYTES_TO_ALLOCATE_FOR_OUT_PARAMS / 4}));
   let getOutInt = (i: ${getValidOutArrayIndexes(4)}) => outIntArray[i];
-  let outUint64Array = (new BigUint64Array(Mod.HEAPU32.buffer, outAddress, 2));
+  let outUint64Array = (new BigUint64Array(Mod.HEAPU32.buffer, outAddress, ${BYTES_TO_ALLOCATE_FOR_OUT_PARAMS / 8}));
   let getOutUint64 = (i: ${getValidOutArrayIndexes(8)}) => outUint64Array[i];
-  let outInt64Array = (new BigInt64Array(Mod.HEAPU32.buffer, outAddress, 2));
+  let outInt64Array = (new BigInt64Array(Mod.HEAPU32.buffer, outAddress, ${BYTES_TO_ALLOCATE_FOR_OUT_PARAMS / 8}));
   let getOutInt64 = (i: ${getValidOutArrayIndexes(8)}) => outInt64Array[i];
 
   return {
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/browser.test.ts b/src/api/js/src/browser.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..827f7281d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/js/src/browser.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+const mockInitWrapper = jest.fn();
+const mockCreateApi = jest.fn();
+
+jest.mock('./low-level', () => ({
+  init: mockInitWrapper,
+  Z3Core: undefined,
+  Z3LowLevel: undefined,
+}));
+jest.mock('./high-level', () => ({
+  createApi: mockCreateApi,
+}));
+
+import { init } from './browser';
+
+describe('browser init', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    delete (global as any).initZ3;
+    mockInitWrapper.mockReset();
+    mockCreateApi.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  it('passes module overrides to the browser initializer', async () => {
+    const initZ3 = jest.fn();
+    const locateFile = jest.fn((file: string) => `https://example.test/${file}`);
+    const lowLevel = { Z3: { low: true }, em: { module: true } };
+    const highLevel = { Context: jest.fn() };
+    (global as any).initZ3 = initZ3;
+    mockInitWrapper.mockResolvedValue(lowLevel);
+    mockCreateApi.mockReturnValue(highLevel);
+
+    const api = await init({ locateFile });
+
+    expect(mockInitWrapper).toHaveBeenCalledWith(initZ3, { locateFile });
+    expect(mockCreateApi).toHaveBeenCalledWith(lowLevel.Z3, lowLevel.em);
+    expect(api).toEqual({ ...lowLevel, ...highLevel });
+  });
+
+  it('throws when initZ3 is unavailable', async () => {
+    await expect(init()).rejects.toThrow(
+      'initZ3 was not imported correctly. Please consult documentation on how to load Z3 in browser',
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/browser.ts b/src/api/js/src/browser.ts
index 2a3b8ff5b1..83acec7f60 100644
--- a/src/api/js/src/browser.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/src/browser.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import { createApi, Z3HighLevel } from './high-level';
-import { init as initWrapper, Z3LowLevel } from './low-level';
+import { init as initWrapper, Z3LowLevel, Z3ModuleOverrides } from './low-level';
 export * from './high-level/types';
 export { Z3Core, Z3LowLevel } from './low-level';
 export * from './low-level/types.__GENERATED__';
 
-export async function init(): Promise<Z3LowLevel & Z3HighLevel> {
+export async function init(moduleOverrides: Z3ModuleOverrides = {}): Promise<Z3LowLevel & Z3HighLevel> {
   const initZ3 = (global as any).initZ3;
   if (initZ3 === undefined) {
     throw new Error('initZ3 was not imported correctly. Please consult documentation on how to load Z3 in browser');
   }
 
-  const lowLevel = await initWrapper(initZ3);
-  const highLevel = createApi(lowLevel.Z3);
+  const lowLevel = await initWrapper(initZ3, moduleOverrides);
+  const highLevel = createApi(lowLevel.Z3, lowLevel.em);
   return { ...lowLevel, ...highLevel };
 }
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/high-level/high-level.test.ts b/src/api/js/src/high-level/high-level.test.ts
index c908a480f4..0eb897ba33 100644
--- a/src/api/js/src/high-level/high-level.test.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/src/high-level/high-level.test.ts
@@ -824,6 +824,41 @@ describe('high-level', () => {
       expect(core.length()).toBeGreaterThan(0);
       expect(core.length()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(3);
     });
+
+    it('can use addAndTrack to extract unsat core', async () => {
+      const { Solver, Int, Bool } = api.Context('main');
+      const solver = new Solver();
+      const x = Int.const('x');
+      const p1 = Bool.const('p1');
+      const p2 = Bool.const('p2');
+
+      // Track conflicting constraints using addAndTrack
+      solver.addAndTrack(x.gt(0), p1);
+      solver.addAndTrack(x.lt(0), p2);
+
+      const result = await solver.check();
+      expect(result).toStrictEqual('unsat');
+
+      // The unsat core should contain the tracking literals
+      const core = solver.unsatCore();
+      expect(core.length()).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('can use addAndTrack with string constant name', async () => {
+      const { Solver, Int } = api.Context('main');
+      const solver = new Solver();
+      const x = Int.const('x');
+
+      // addAndTrack accepts a string as the tracking constant name
+      solver.addAndTrack(x.gt(0), 'p1');
+      solver.addAndTrack(x.lt(0), 'p2');
+
+      const result = await solver.check();
+      expect(result).toStrictEqual('unsat');
+
+      const core = solver.unsatCore();
+      expect(core.length()).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('AstVector', () => {
@@ -943,6 +978,22 @@ describe('high-level', () => {
       expect(model.eval(y).eqIdentity(Int.val(0))).toBeTruthy();
       expect(model.eval(z).eqIdentity(Int.val(5))).toBeTruthy();
     });
+
+    it('can use addAndTrack with Optimize', async () => {
+      const { Int, Bool, Optimize } = api.Context('main');
+
+      const opt = new Optimize();
+      const x = Int.const('x');
+      const p1 = Bool.const('p1');
+      const p2 = Bool.const('p2');
+
+      // Track conflicting constraints using addAndTrack
+      opt.addAndTrack(x.gt(0), p1);
+      opt.addAndTrack(x.lt(0), p2);
+
+      const result = await opt.check();
+      expect(result).toStrictEqual('unsat');
+    });
   });
 
   describe('datatypes', () => {
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/high-level/high-level.ts b/src/api/js/src/high-level/high-level.ts
index 144c6f5673..f336fe30ba 100644
--- a/src/api/js/src/high-level/high-level.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/src/high-level/high-level.ts
@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ import {
   DatatypeSort,
   DatatypeExpr,
   DatatypeCreation,
+  FiniteSet,
+  FiniteSetSort,
+  FiniteSetCreation,
 } from './types';
 import { allSatisfy, assert, assertExhaustive } from './utils';
 
@@ -149,7 +152,7 @@ function isCoercibleRational(obj: any): obj is CoercibleRational {
   return r;
 }
 
-export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
+export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core, em?: any): Z3HighLevel {
   // TODO(ritave): Create a custom linting rule that checks if the provided callbacks to cleanup
   //               Don't capture `this`
   const cleanup = new FinalizationRegistry<() => void>(callback => callback());
@@ -305,6 +308,9 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         case Z3_sort_kind.Z3_ARRAY_SORT:
           return new ArraySortImpl(ast);
         default:
+          if (Z3.is_finite_set_sort(contextPtr, ast)) {
+            return new FiniteSetSortImpl(ast);
+          }
           return new SortImpl(ast);
       }
     }
@@ -350,6 +356,9 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         case Z3_sort_kind.Z3_ARRAY_SORT:
           return new ArrayImpl(ast);
         default:
+          if (Z3.is_finite_set_sort(contextPtr, Z3.get_sort(contextPtr, ast))) {
+            return new FiniteSetImpl(ast);
+          }
           return new ExprImpl(ast);
       }
     }
@@ -638,6 +647,18 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       return isSeq(obj) && obj.isString();
     }
 
+    function isFiniteSetSort(obj: unknown): obj is FiniteSetSort<Name> {
+      const r = obj instanceof FiniteSetSortImpl;
+      r && _assertContext(obj);
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    function isFiniteSet(obj: unknown): obj is FiniteSet<Name> {
+      const r = obj instanceof FiniteSetImpl;
+      r && _assertContext(obj);
+      return r;
+    }
+
     function isProbe(obj: unknown): obj is Probe<Name> {
       const r = obj instanceof ProbeImpl;
       r && _assertContext(obj);
@@ -1003,6 +1024,16 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       val(value: string): Seq<Name> {
         return new SeqImpl(check(Z3.mk_string(contextPtr, value)));
       },
+
+      fromCode(code: Arith<Name> | number | bigint): Seq<Name> {
+        const codeExpr = isArith(code) ? code : Int.val(code);
+        return new SeqImpl(check(Z3.mk_string_from_code(contextPtr, codeExpr.ast)));
+      },
+
+      fromInt(n: Arith<Name> | number | bigint): Seq<Name> {
+        const nExpr = isArith(n) ? n : Int.val(n);
+        return new SeqImpl(check(Z3.mk_int_to_str(contextPtr, nExpr.ast)));
+      },
     };
 
     const Seq = {
@@ -1072,6 +1103,9 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       ): SMTArray<Name, [DomainSort], RangeSort> {
         return new ArrayImpl<[DomainSort], RangeSort>(check(Z3.mk_const_array(contextPtr, domain.ptr, value.ptr)));
       },
+      fromFunc(f: FuncDecl<Name>): SMTArray<Name> {
+        return new ArrayImpl(check(Z3.mk_as_array(contextPtr, f.ptr)));
+      },
     };
     const Set = {
       // reference: https://z3prover.github.io/api/html/namespacez3py.html#a545f894afeb24caa1b88b7f2a324ee7e
@@ -1104,6 +1138,32 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       },
     };
 
+    const FiniteSet = {
+      sort<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(elemSort: ElemSort): FiniteSetSort<Name, ElemSort> {
+        return new FiniteSetSortImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_sort(contextPtr, elemSort.ptr)));
+      },
+      const<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(name: string, elemSort: ElemSort): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl<ElemSort>(
+          check(Z3.mk_const(contextPtr, _toSymbol(name), FiniteSet.sort(elemSort).ptr)),
+        );
+      },
+      consts<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(names: string | string[], elemSort: ElemSort): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>[] {
+        if (typeof names === 'string') {
+          names = names.split(' ');
+        }
+        return names.map(name => FiniteSet.const(name, elemSort));
+      },
+      empty<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(sort: ElemSort): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_empty(contextPtr, FiniteSet.sort(sort).ptr)));
+      },
+      singleton<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(elem: Expr<Name>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_singleton(contextPtr, elem.ast)));
+      },
+      range(low: Expr<Name>, high: Expr<Name>): FiniteSet<Name, Sort<Name>> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_range(contextPtr, low.ast, high.ast)));
+      },
+    };
+
     const Datatype = Object.assign(
       (name: string): DatatypeImpl => {
         return new DatatypeImpl(ctx, name);
@@ -1112,9 +1172,16 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         createDatatypes(...datatypes: DatatypeImpl[]): DatatypeSortImpl[] {
           return createDatatypes(...datatypes);
         },
+        createPolymorphicDatatype(typeParams: Sort<Name>[], datatype: DatatypeImpl): DatatypeSortImpl {
+          return createPolymorphicDatatype(typeParams, datatype);
+        },
       },
     );
 
+    function TypeVariable(name: string): Sort<Name> {
+      return new SortImpl(check(Z3.mk_type_variable(contextPtr, Z3.mk_string_symbol(contextPtr, name))));
+    }
+
     ////////////////
     // Operations //
     ////////////////
@@ -1890,10 +1957,46 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       return new FuncDeclImpl(check(Z3.mk_partial_order(contextPtr, sort.ptr, index)));
     }
 
+    function mkLinearOrder(sort: Sort<Name>, index: number): FuncDecl<Name> {
+      return new FuncDeclImpl(check(Z3.mk_linear_order(contextPtr, sort.ptr, index)));
+    }
+
+    function mkPiecewiseLinearOrder(sort: Sort<Name>, index: number): FuncDecl<Name> {
+      return new FuncDeclImpl(check(Z3.mk_piecewise_linear_order(contextPtr, sort.ptr, index)));
+    }
+
+    function mkTreeOrder(sort: Sort<Name>, index: number): FuncDecl<Name> {
+      return new FuncDeclImpl(check(Z3.mk_tree_order(contextPtr, sort.ptr, index)));
+    }
+
     function mkTransitiveClosure(f: FuncDecl<Name>): FuncDecl<Name> {
       return new FuncDeclImpl(check(Z3.mk_transitive_closure(contextPtr, f.ptr)));
     }
 
+    function mkChar(ch: number): Expr<Name> {
+      return new ExprImpl(check(Z3.mk_char(contextPtr, ch)));
+    }
+
+    function mkCharLe(ch1: Expr<Name>, ch2: Expr<Name>): Bool<Name> {
+      return new BoolImpl(check(Z3.mk_char_le(contextPtr, ch1.ast, ch2.ast)));
+    }
+
+    function mkCharToInt(ch: Expr<Name>): Arith<Name> {
+      return new ArithImpl(check(Z3.mk_char_to_int(contextPtr, ch.ast)));
+    }
+
+    function mkCharToBV(ch: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name> {
+      return new ExprImpl(check(Z3.mk_char_to_bv(contextPtr, ch.ast)));
+    }
+
+    function mkCharFromBV(bv: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name> {
+      return new ExprImpl(check(Z3.mk_char_from_bv(contextPtr, bv.ast)));
+    }
+
+    function mkCharIsDigit(ch: Expr<Name>): Bool<Name> {
+      return new BoolImpl(check(Z3.mk_char_is_digit(contextPtr, ch.ast)));
+    }
+
     async function polynomialSubresultants(
       p: Arith<Name>,
       q: Arith<Name>,
@@ -1951,6 +2054,8 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
 
       readonly ctx: Context<Name>;
       private _ptr: Z3_solver | null;
+      // Tracks a registered on_clause WASM callback index so it can be cleaned up
+      private _onClauseCallbackIdx!: { value: number | null };
       get ptr(): Z3_solver {
         _assertPtr(this._ptr);
         return this._ptr;
@@ -1966,7 +2071,20 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         }
         this._ptr = myPtr;
         Z3.solver_inc_ref(contextPtr, myPtr);
-        cleanup.register(this, () => Z3.solver_dec_ref(contextPtr, myPtr), this);
+        // Shared mutable holder so registerOnClause and the cleanup closure see the same slot
+        const onClauseCallbackIdx: { value: number | null } = { value: null };
+        this._onClauseCallbackIdx = onClauseCallbackIdx;
+        cleanup.register(
+          this,
+          () => {
+            Z3.solver_dec_ref(contextPtr, myPtr);
+            if (onClauseCallbackIdx.value !== null && em) {
+              em.removeFunction(onClauseCallbackIdx.value);
+              onClauseCallbackIdx.value = null;
+            }
+          },
+          this,
+        );
       }
 
       set(key: string, value: any): void {
@@ -2083,6 +2201,24 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         ));
       }
 
+      dimacs(includeNames: boolean = true): string {
+        return check(Z3.solver_to_dimacs_string(contextPtr, this.ptr, includeNames));
+      }
+
+      translate(target: Context<Name>): Solver<Name> {
+        const ptr = check(Z3.solver_translate(contextPtr, this.ptr, target.ptr));
+        return new (target.Solver as unknown as new (ptr: Z3_solver) => Solver<Name>)(ptr);
+      }
+
+      proof(): Expr<Name> | null {
+        const result = Z3.solver_get_proof(contextPtr, this.ptr);
+        throwIfError();
+        if (!result) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return _toExpr(result);
+      }
+
       fromString(s: string) {
         Z3.solver_from_string(contextPtr, this.ptr, s);
         throwIfError();
@@ -2100,6 +2236,79 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         return new AstVectorImpl(check(Z3.solver_get_trail(contextPtr, this.ptr)));
       }
 
+      trailLevels(): number[] {
+        const trailVec = check(Z3.solver_get_trail(contextPtr, this.ptr));
+        const n = Z3.ast_vector_size(contextPtr, trailVec);
+        return check(Z3.solver_get_levels(contextPtr, this.ptr, trailVec, n));
+      }
+
+      async cube(vars?: AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>, cutoff: number = 0xFFFFFFFF): Promise<AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>> {
+        const tempVars = vars ?? new AstVectorImpl();
+        const result = await asyncMutex.runExclusive(() =>
+          check(Z3.solver_cube(contextPtr, this.ptr, tempVars.ptr, cutoff)),
+        );
+        return new AstVectorImpl(result);
+      }
+
+      async getConsequences(
+        assumptions: (Bool<Name> | AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>)[],
+        variables: Expr<Name>[],
+      ): Promise<[CheckSatResult, AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>]> {
+        const asmsVec = new AstVectorImpl();
+        const varsVec = new AstVectorImpl();
+        const consVec = new AstVectorImpl<Bool<Name>>();
+        _flattenArgs(assumptions).forEach(expr => {
+          _assertContext(expr);
+          Z3.ast_vector_push(contextPtr, asmsVec.ptr, expr.ast);
+        });
+        variables.forEach(v => {
+          _assertContext(v);
+          Z3.ast_vector_push(contextPtr, varsVec.ptr, v.ast);
+        });
+        const r = await asyncMutex.runExclusive(() =>
+          check(Z3.solver_get_consequences(contextPtr, this.ptr, asmsVec.ptr, varsVec.ptr, consVec.ptr)),
+        );
+        let status: CheckSatResult;
+        switch (r) {
+          case Z3_lbool.Z3_L_FALSE:
+            status = 'unsat';
+            break;
+          case Z3_lbool.Z3_L_TRUE:
+            status = 'sat';
+            break;
+          default:
+            status = 'unknown';
+        }
+        return [status, consVec];
+      }
+
+      solveFor(variables: Expr<Name>[], terms: Expr<Name>[], guards: Bool<Name>[]): void {
+        const varsVec = new AstVectorImpl();
+        const termsVec = new AstVectorImpl();
+        const guardsVec = new AstVectorImpl();
+        variables.forEach(v => {
+          _assertContext(v);
+          Z3.ast_vector_push(contextPtr, varsVec.ptr, v.ast);
+        });
+        terms.forEach(t => {
+          _assertContext(t);
+          Z3.ast_vector_push(contextPtr, termsVec.ptr, t.ast);
+        });
+        guards.forEach(g => {
+          _assertContext(g);
+          Z3.ast_vector_push(contextPtr, guardsVec.ptr, g.ast);
+        });
+        Z3.solver_solve_for(contextPtr, this.ptr, varsVec.ptr, termsVec.ptr, guardsVec.ptr);
+        throwIfError();
+      }
+
+      setInitialValue(variable: Expr<Name>, value: Expr<Name>): void {
+        _assertContext(variable);
+        _assertContext(value);
+        Z3.solver_set_initial_value(contextPtr, this.ptr, variable.ast, value.ast);
+        throwIfError();
+      }
+
       congruenceRoot(expr: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name> {
         _assertContext(expr);
         return _toExpr(check(Z3.solver_congruence_root(contextPtr, this.ptr, expr.ast)));
@@ -2122,11 +2331,46 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       }
 
       release() {
+        // Clean up any registered on_clause callback
+        if (this._onClauseCallbackIdx.value !== null && em) {
+          em.removeFunction(this._onClauseCallbackIdx.value);
+          this._onClauseCallbackIdx.value = null;
+        }
         Z3.solver_dec_ref(contextPtr, this.ptr);
         // Mark the ptr as null to prevent double free
         this._ptr = null;
         cleanup.unregister(this);
       }
+
+      registerOnClause(
+        callback: (proofHint: Expr<Name> | null, deps: number[], clause: AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>) => void,
+      ): void {
+        if (!em) {
+          throw new Error('registerOnClause requires the Emscripten module; pass it to createApi');
+        }
+        // Remove any previously registered callback before registering a new one
+        if (this._onClauseCallbackIdx.value !== null) {
+          em.removeFunction(this._onClauseCallbackIdx.value);
+          this._onClauseCallbackIdx.value = null;
+        }
+        // Signature: void(void* ctx, Z3_ast proof_hint, unsigned n, const unsigned* deps, Z3_ast_vector literals)
+        const cCallback = em.addFunction(
+          (_ctxPtr: number, proofHintPtr: number, n: number, depsPtr: number, literalsPtr: number) => {
+            const proofHint = proofHintPtr ? _toExpr(proofHintPtr as unknown as Z3_ast) : null;
+            const deps: number[] = [];
+            for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+              deps.push(em.HEAPU32[(depsPtr >> 2) + i]);
+            }
+            const clause = new AstVectorImpl(literalsPtr as unknown as Z3_ast_vector) as AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>;
+            callback(proofHint, deps, clause);
+          },
+          'viiiii',
+        );
+        this._onClauseCallbackIdx.value = cCallback;
+        // solver_register_on_clause is not auto-wrapped (has void* and fnptr params),
+        // so we call the raw Emscripten export directly.
+        em._Z3_solver_register_on_clause(contextPtr as unknown as number, this.ptr as unknown as number, 0, cCallback);
+      }
     }
 
     class OptimizeImpl implements Optimize<Name> {
@@ -2186,12 +2430,42 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         return new AstVectorImpl(check(Z3.optimize_get_assertions(contextPtr, this.ptr)));
       }
 
-      maximize(expr: Arith<Name> | BitVec<number, Name>) {
-        check(Z3.optimize_maximize(contextPtr, this.ptr, expr.ast));
+      maximize(expr: Arith<Name> | BitVec<number, Name>): number {
+        return check(Z3.optimize_maximize(contextPtr, this.ptr, expr.ast));
       }
 
-      minimize(expr: Arith<Name> | BitVec<number, Name>) {
-        check(Z3.optimize_minimize(contextPtr, this.ptr, expr.ast));
+      minimize(expr: Arith<Name> | BitVec<number, Name>): number {
+        return check(Z3.optimize_minimize(contextPtr, this.ptr, expr.ast));
+      }
+
+      getLower(index: number): Expr<Name> {
+        return _toExpr(check(Z3.optimize_get_lower(contextPtr, this.ptr, index)));
+      }
+
+      getUpper(index: number): Expr<Name> {
+        return _toExpr(check(Z3.optimize_get_upper(contextPtr, this.ptr, index)));
+      }
+
+      unsatCore(): AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>> {
+        return new AstVectorImpl(check(Z3.optimize_get_unsat_core(contextPtr, this.ptr)));
+      }
+
+      objectives(): AstVector<Name, Expr<Name>> {
+        return new AstVectorImpl(check(Z3.optimize_get_objectives(contextPtr, this.ptr)));
+      }
+
+      reasonUnknown(): string {
+        return check(Z3.optimize_get_reason_unknown(contextPtr, this.ptr));
+      }
+
+      fromFile(filename: string): void {
+        Z3.optimize_from_file(contextPtr, this.ptr, filename);
+        throwIfError();
+      }
+
+      translate(target: Context<Name>): Optimize<Name> {
+        const ptr = check(Z3.optimize_translate(contextPtr, this.ptr, target.ptr));
+        return new (target.Optimize as unknown as new (ptr: Z3_optimize) => Optimize<Name>)(ptr);
       }
 
       async check(...exprs: (Bool<Name> | AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>)[]): Promise<CheckSatResult> {
@@ -2220,6 +2494,13 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         return new StatisticsImpl(check(Z3.optimize_get_statistics(contextPtr, this.ptr)));
       }
 
+      setInitialValue(variable: Expr<Name>, value: Expr<Name>): void {
+        _assertContext(variable);
+        _assertContext(value);
+        Z3.optimize_set_initial_value(contextPtr, this.ptr, variable.ast, value.ast);
+        throwIfError();
+      }
+
       toString() {
         return check(Z3.optimize_to_string(contextPtr, this.ptr));
       }
@@ -2587,6 +2868,11 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         return this.getUniverse(sort) as AstVector<Name, AnyExpr<Name>>;
       }
 
+      translate(target: Context<Name>): Model<Name> {
+        const ptr = check(Z3.model_translate(contextPtr, this.ptr, target.ptr));
+        return new (target.Model as unknown as new (ptr: Z3_model) => Model<Name>)(ptr);
+      }
+
       release() {
         Z3.model_dec_ref(contextPtr, this.ptr);
         this._ptr = null;
@@ -4026,6 +4312,14 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       isPositive(): Bool<Name> {
         return new BoolImpl(check(Z3.mk_fpa_is_positive(contextPtr, this.ast)));
       }
+
+      toIEEEBV(): BitVec<number, Name> {
+        return new BitVecImpl(check(Z3.mk_fpa_to_ieee_bv(contextPtr, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      toReal(): Arith<Name> {
+        return new ArithImpl(check(Z3.mk_fpa_to_real(contextPtr, this.ast)));
+      }
     }
 
     class FPNumImpl extends FPImpl implements FPNum<Name> {
@@ -4143,6 +4437,52 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         const dstSeq = isSeq(dst) ? dst : String.val(dst);
         return new SeqImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_seq_replace_all(contextPtr, this.ast, srcSeq.ast, dstSeq.ast)));
       }
+
+      replaceRe(re: Re<Name>, dst: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Seq<Name, ElemSort> {
+        const dstSeq = isSeq(dst) ? dst : String.val(dst);
+        return new SeqImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_seq_replace_re(contextPtr, this.ast, re.ast, dstSeq.ast)));
+      }
+
+      replaceReAll(re: Re<Name>, dst: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Seq<Name, ElemSort> {
+        const dstSeq = isSeq(dst) ? dst : String.val(dst);
+        return new SeqImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_seq_replace_re_all(contextPtr, this.ast, re.ast, dstSeq.ast)));
+      }
+
+      toInt(): Arith<Name> {
+        return new ArithImpl(check(Z3.mk_str_to_int(contextPtr, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      toCode(): Arith<Name> {
+        return new ArithImpl(check(Z3.mk_string_to_code(contextPtr, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      lt(other: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Bool<Name> {
+        const otherSeq = isSeq(other) ? other : String.val(other);
+        return new BoolImpl(check(Z3.mk_str_lt(contextPtr, this.ast, otherSeq.ast)));
+      }
+
+      le(other: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Bool<Name> {
+        const otherSeq = isSeq(other) ? other : String.val(other);
+        return new BoolImpl(check(Z3.mk_str_le(contextPtr, this.ast, otherSeq.ast)));
+      }
+
+      map(f: Expr<Name>): Seq<Name> {
+        return new SeqImpl(check(Z3.mk_seq_map(contextPtr, f.ast, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      mapi(f: Expr<Name>, i: Arith<Name> | number | bigint): Seq<Name> {
+        const iExpr = isArith(i) ? i : Int.val(i);
+        return new SeqImpl(check(Z3.mk_seq_mapi(contextPtr, f.ast, iExpr.ast, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      foldl(f: Expr<Name>, a: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name> {
+        return _toExpr(check(Z3.mk_seq_foldl(contextPtr, f.ast, a.ast, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      foldli(f: Expr<Name>, i: Arith<Name> | number | bigint, a: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name> {
+        const iExpr = isArith(i) ? i : Int.val(i);
+        return _toExpr(check(Z3.mk_seq_foldli(contextPtr, f.ast, iExpr.ast, a.ast, this.ast)));
+      }
     }
 
     class ReSortImpl<SeqSortRef extends SeqSort<Name> = SeqSort<Name>> extends SortImpl implements ReSort<Name, SeqSortRef> {
@@ -4310,6 +4650,65 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       }
     }
 
+    ////////////////////////////
+    // Finite Sets
+    ////////////////////////////
+
+    class FiniteSetSortImpl<ElemSort extends Sort<Name> = Sort<Name>>
+      extends SortImpl
+      implements FiniteSetSort<Name, ElemSort>
+    {
+      declare readonly __typename: 'FiniteSetSort';
+
+      elemSort(): ElemSort {
+        return _toSort(check(Z3.get_finite_set_sort_basis(contextPtr, this.ptr))) as ElemSort;
+      }
+
+      cast(other: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name> {
+        _assertContext(other);
+        return other;
+      }
+    }
+
+    class FiniteSetImpl<ElemSort extends Sort<Name> = Sort<Name>>
+      extends ExprImpl<Z3_ast, FiniteSetSortImpl<ElemSort>>
+      implements FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>
+    {
+      declare readonly __typename: 'FiniteSet';
+
+      union(other: FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_union(contextPtr, this.ast, other.ast)));
+      }
+
+      intersect(other: FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_intersect(contextPtr, this.ast, other.ast)));
+      }
+
+      diff(other: FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_difference(contextPtr, this.ast, other.ast)));
+      }
+
+      contains(elem: Expr<Name>): Bool<Name> {
+        return new BoolImpl(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_member(contextPtr, elem.ast, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      size(): Expr<Name> {
+        return new ExprImpl(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_size(contextPtr, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      subsetOf(other: FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>): Bool<Name> {
+        return new BoolImpl(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_subset(contextPtr, this.ast, other.ast)));
+      }
+
+      map(f: Expr<Name>): FiniteSet<Name, Sort<Name>> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_map(contextPtr, f.ast, this.ast)));
+      }
+
+      filter(f: Expr<Name>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort> {
+        return new FiniteSetImpl<ElemSort>(check(Z3.mk_finite_set_filter(contextPtr, f.ast, this.ast)));
+      }
+    }
+
     ////////////////////////////
     // Datatypes
     ////////////////////////////
@@ -4333,6 +4732,10 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
         const datatypes = createDatatypes(this);
         return datatypes[0];
       }
+
+      createPolymorphic(typeParams: Sort<Name>[]): DatatypeSort<Name> {
+        return createPolymorphicDatatype(typeParams, this);
+      }
     }
 
     class DatatypeSortImpl extends SortImpl implements DatatypeSort<Name> {
@@ -4489,6 +4892,84 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       }
     }
 
+    function createPolymorphicDatatype(typeParams: Sort<Name>[], datatype: DatatypeImpl): DatatypeSortImpl {
+      if (!(datatype instanceof DatatypeImpl)) {
+        throw new Error('Datatype instance expected');
+      }
+
+      const constructors: Z3_constructor[] = [];
+
+      try {
+        for (const [constructorName, fields] of datatype.constructors) {
+          const fieldNames: string[] = [];
+          const fieldSorts: Z3_sort[] = [];
+          const fieldRefs: number[] = [];
+
+          for (const [fieldName, fieldSort] of fields) {
+            fieldNames.push(fieldName);
+
+            if (fieldSort instanceof DatatypeImpl) {
+              // Self-recursive reference
+              if (fieldSort !== datatype) {
+                throw new Error(
+                  `Referenced datatype "${fieldSort.name}" is not the polymorphic datatype being created; mutual recursion is not supported in createPolymorphicDatatype`,
+                );
+              }
+              fieldSorts.push(null as any);
+              fieldRefs.push(0);
+            } else {
+              fieldSorts.push((fieldSort as Sort<Name>).ptr);
+              fieldRefs.push(0);
+            }
+          }
+
+          const constructor = Z3.mk_constructor(
+            contextPtr,
+            Z3.mk_string_symbol(contextPtr, constructorName),
+            Z3.mk_string_symbol(contextPtr, `is_${constructorName}`),
+            fieldNames.map(name => Z3.mk_string_symbol(contextPtr, name)),
+            fieldSorts,
+            fieldRefs,
+          );
+          constructors.push(constructor);
+        }
+
+        const nameSymbol = Z3.mk_string_symbol(contextPtr, datatype.name);
+        const paramPtrs = typeParams.map(p => p.ptr);
+        const resultSort = Z3.mk_polymorphic_datatype(contextPtr, nameSymbol, paramPtrs, constructors);
+
+        const sortImpl = new DatatypeSortImpl(resultSort);
+
+        // Attach constructor, recognizer, and accessor functions dynamically
+        const numConstructors = sortImpl.numConstructors();
+        for (let j = 0; j < numConstructors; j++) {
+          const constructor = sortImpl.constructorDecl(j);
+          const recognizer = sortImpl.recognizer(j);
+          const constructorName = constructor.name().toString();
+
+          if (constructor.arity() === 0) {
+            (sortImpl as any)[constructorName] = constructor.call();
+          } else {
+            (sortImpl as any)[constructorName] = constructor;
+          }
+
+          (sortImpl as any)[`is_${constructorName}`] = recognizer;
+
+          for (let k = 0; k < constructor.arity(); k++) {
+            const accessor = sortImpl.accessor(j, k);
+            const accessorName = accessor.name().toString();
+            (sortImpl as any)[accessorName] = accessor;
+          }
+        }
+
+        return sortImpl;
+      } finally {
+        for (const constructor of constructors) {
+          Z3.del_constructor(contextPtr, constructor);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     class QuantifierImpl<
         QVarSorts extends NonEmptySortArray<Name>,
         QSort extends BoolSort<Name> | SMTArraySort<Name, QVarSorts>,
@@ -4902,6 +5383,8 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       isSeq,
       isStringSort,
       isString,
+      isFiniteSetSort,
+      isFiniteSet,
       isArraySort,
       isArray,
       isConstArray,
@@ -4932,7 +5415,9 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       Re,
       Array,
       Set,
+      FiniteSet,
       Datatype,
+      TypeVariable,
 
       ////////////////
       // Operations //
@@ -5041,7 +5526,16 @@ export function createApi(Z3: Z3Core): Z3HighLevel {
       Full,
 
       mkPartialOrder,
+      mkLinearOrder,
+      mkPiecewiseLinearOrder,
+      mkTreeOrder,
       mkTransitiveClosure,
+      mkChar,
+      mkCharLe,
+      mkCharToInt,
+      mkCharToBV,
+      mkCharFromBV,
+      mkCharIsDigit,
       polynomialSubresultants,
     };
     cleanup.register(ctx, () => Z3.del_context(contextPtr));
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/high-level/types.ts b/src/api/js/src/high-level/types.ts
index 2db0da591e..6eef810444 100644
--- a/src/api/js/src/high-level/types.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/src/high-level/types.ts
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ export type AnyExpr<Name extends string = 'main'> =
   | FPNum<Name>
   | FPRM<Name>
   | Seq<Name>
-  | Re<Name>;
+  | Re<Name>
+  | FiniteSet<Name>;
 /** @hidden */
 export type AnyAst<Name extends string = 'main'> = AnyExpr<Name> | AnySort<Name> | FuncDecl<Name>;
 
@@ -330,6 +331,12 @@ export interface Context<Name extends string = 'main'> {
   /** @category Functions */
   isString(obj: unknown): obj is Seq<Name>;
 
+  /** @category Functions */
+  isFiniteSetSort(obj: unknown): obj is FiniteSetSort<Name>;
+
+  /** @category Functions */
+  isFiniteSet(obj: unknown): obj is FiniteSet<Name>;
+
   /** @category Functions */
   isProbe(obj: unknown): obj is Probe<Name>;
 
@@ -468,8 +475,16 @@ export interface Context<Name extends string = 'main'> {
   /** @category Expressions */
   readonly Set: SMTSetCreation<Name>;
   /** @category Expressions */
+  readonly FiniteSet: FiniteSetCreation<Name>;
+  /** @category Expressions */
   readonly Datatype: DatatypeCreation<Name>;
 
+  /**
+   * Create a type variable sort for use as a parameter in polymorphic datatypes.
+   * @category Sorts
+   */
+  TypeVariable(name: string): Sort<Name>;
+
   ////////////////
   // Operations //
   ////////////////
@@ -918,6 +933,30 @@ export interface Context<Name extends string = 'main'> {
    */
   mkPartialOrder(sort: Sort<Name>, index: number): FuncDecl<Name>;
 
+  /**
+   * Create a linear (total) order relation over a sort.
+   * @param sort The sort of the relation
+   * @param index The index of the relation
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  mkLinearOrder(sort: Sort<Name>, index: number): FuncDecl<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a piecewise linear order relation over a sort.
+   * @param sort The sort of the relation
+   * @param index The index of the relation
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  mkPiecewiseLinearOrder(sort: Sort<Name>, index: number): FuncDecl<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a tree order relation over a sort.
+   * @param sort The sort of the relation
+   * @param index The index of the relation
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  mkTreeOrder(sort: Sort<Name>, index: number): FuncDecl<Name>;
+
   /**
    * Create the transitive closure of a binary relation.
    * The resulting relation is recursive.
@@ -926,6 +965,49 @@ export interface Context<Name extends string = 'main'> {
    */
   mkTransitiveClosure(f: FuncDecl<Name>): FuncDecl<Name>;
 
+  /**
+   * Create a character literal from a Unicode code point.
+   * @param ch The Unicode code point
+   * @category Characters
+   */
+  mkChar(ch: number): Expr<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a character less-than-or-equal predicate (ch1 ≤ ch2).
+   * @param ch1 First character
+   * @param ch2 Second character
+   * @category Characters
+   */
+  mkCharLe(ch1: Expr<Name>, ch2: Expr<Name>): Bool<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a character to its integer (Unicode code point) value.
+   * @param ch The character expression
+   * @category Characters
+   */
+  mkCharToInt(ch: Expr<Name>): Arith<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a character to a bit-vector.
+   * @param ch The character expression
+   * @category Characters
+   */
+  mkCharToBV(ch: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a bit-vector to a character.
+   * @param bv The bit-vector expression
+   * @category Characters
+   */
+  mkCharFromBV(bv: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a predicate that is true if the character is a decimal digit.
+   * @param ch The character expression
+   * @category Characters
+   */
+  mkCharIsDigit(ch: Expr<Name>): Bool<Name>;
+
   /**
    * Return the nonzero subresultants of p and q with respect to the "variable" x.
    * Note that any subterm that cannot be viewed as a polynomial is assumed to be a variable.
@@ -987,6 +1069,29 @@ export interface Solver<Name extends string = 'main'> {
 
   add(...exprs: (Bool<Name> | AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>)[]): void;
 
+  /**
+   * Assert a constraint and associate it with a tracking literal (Boolean constant).
+   * This is the TypeScript equivalent of `assertAndTrack` in other Z3 language bindings.
+   *
+   * When the solver returns `unsat`, the tracked literals that contributed to
+   * unsatisfiability can be retrieved via {@link unsatCore}.
+   *
+   * @param expr - The Boolean expression to assert
+   * @param constant - A Boolean constant (or its name as a string) used as the tracking literal
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const solver = new Solver();
+   * const x = Int.const('x');
+   * const p1 = Bool.const('p1');
+   * const p2 = Bool.const('p2');
+   * solver.addAndTrack(x.gt(0), p1);
+   * solver.addAndTrack(x.lt(0), p2);
+   * if (await solver.check() === 'unsat') {
+   *   const core = solver.unsatCore(); // contains p1 and p2
+   * }
+   * ```
+   */
   addAndTrack(expr: Bool<Name>, constant: Bool<Name> | string): void;
 
   /**
@@ -1158,6 +1263,105 @@ export interface Solver<Name extends string = 'main'> {
    */
   trail(): AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>;
 
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the decision levels for each literal in the solver's trail.
+   * The returned array has one entry per trail literal, indicating at which
+   * decision level it was assigned.
+   *
+   * @returns An array of numbers where element i is the decision level of the i-th trail literal
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const solver = new Solver();
+   * const x = Bool.const('x');
+   * solver.add(x);
+   * await solver.check();
+   * const levels = solver.trailLevels();
+   * console.log('Trail levels:', levels);
+   * ```
+   */
+  trailLevels(): number[];
+
+  /**
+   * Extract cubes from the solver for cube-and-conquer parallel solving.
+   * Each call returns the next cube (conjunction of literals) from the solver.
+   * Returns an empty AstVector when the search space is exhausted.
+   *
+   * @param vars - Optional vector of variables to use as cube variables
+   * @param cutoff - Backtrack level cutoff for cube generation (default: 0xFFFFFFFF)
+   * @returns A promise resolving to an AstVector containing the cube literals
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const solver = new Solver();
+   * const x = Bool.const('x');
+   * const y = Bool.const('y');
+   * solver.add(x.or(y));
+   * const cube = await solver.cube(undefined, 1);
+   * console.log('Cube length:', cube.length());
+   * ```
+   */
+  cube(vars?: AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>, cutoff?: number): Promise<AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>>;
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve fixed assignments to a set of variables as consequences given assumptions.
+   * Each consequence is an implication: assumptions => variable = value.
+   *
+   * @param assumptions - Assumptions to use during consequence finding
+   * @param variables - Variables to find consequences for
+   * @returns A promise resolving to the status and a vector of consequence expressions
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const solver = new Solver();
+   * const x = Bool.const('x');
+   * const y = Bool.const('y');
+   * solver.add(x.implies(y));
+   * const [status, consequences] = await solver.getConsequences([], [x, y]);
+   * ```
+   */
+  getConsequences(
+    assumptions: (Bool<Name> | AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>)[],
+    variables: Expr<Name>[],
+  ): Promise<[CheckSatResult, AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Solve constraints treating given variables symbolically, replacing their
+   * occurrences by terms. Guards condition the substitutions.
+   *
+   * @param variables - Variables to solve for
+   * @param terms - Substitution terms for the variables
+   * @param guards - Boolean guards for the substitutions
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const solver = new Solver();
+   * const x = Int.const('x');
+   * const y = Int.const('y');
+   * solver.add(x.eq(y.add(1)));
+   * solver.solveFor([x], [y.add(1)], []);
+   * ```
+   */
+  solveFor(variables: Expr<Name>[], terms: Expr<Name>[], guards: Bool<Name>[]): void;
+
+  /**
+   * Set an initial value hint for a variable to guide the solver's search heuristics.
+   * This can improve performance when a good initial value is known.
+   *
+   * @param variable - The variable to set an initial value for
+   * @param value - The initial value for the variable
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const solver = new Solver();
+   * const x = Int.const('x');
+   * solver.setInitialValue(x, Int.val(42));
+   * solver.add(x.gt(0));
+   * await solver.check();
+   * ```
+   */
+  setInitialValue(variable: Expr<Name>, value: Expr<Name>): void;
+
   /**
    * Retrieve the root of the congruence class containing the given expression.
    * This is useful for understanding equality reasoning in the solver.
@@ -1263,12 +1467,52 @@ export interface Solver<Name extends string = 'main'> {
    */
   toSmtlib2(status?: string): string;
 
+  /**
+   * Convert the solver's Boolean formula to DIMACS CNF format.
+   *
+   * @param includeNames - If true, include variable names in the output (default: true)
+   * @returns A string containing the DIMACS CNF representation
+   */
+  dimacs(includeNames?: boolean): string;
+
+  /**
+   * Translate the solver to a different context.
+   * @param target - The target context
+   * @returns A new Solver instance in the target context
+   */
+  translate(target: Context<Name>): Solver<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve a proof of unsatisfiability after a check that returned 'unsat'.
+   * Requires proof production to be enabled.
+   * @returns An expression representing the proof, or null if unavailable
+   */
+  proof(): Expr<Name> | null;
+
   /**
    * Manually decrease the reference count of the solver
    * This is automatically done when the solver is garbage collected,
    * but calling this eagerly can help release memory sooner.
    */
   release(): void;
+
+  /**
+   * Register a callback that is invoked when clauses are inferred during solving.
+   * The callback is called when a clause is:
+   * - asserted to the CDCL engine (input clause after pre-processing)
+   * - inferred by CDCL(T) using a SAT or theory conflict/propagation
+   * - deleted by the CDCL(T) engine
+   *
+   * Requires the Emscripten module to be passed to `createApi`.
+   *
+   * @param callback - Function called with:
+   *   - proofHint: optional proof hint expression (may be null)
+   *   - deps: array of clause dependency indices
+   *   - clause: the clause as a vector of literals
+   */
+  registerOnClause(
+    callback: (proofHint: Expr<Name> | null, deps: number[], clause: AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>) => void,
+  ): void;
 }
 
 export interface Optimize<Name extends string = 'main'> {
@@ -1288,15 +1532,113 @@ export interface Optimize<Name extends string = 'main'> {
 
   addSoft(expr: Bool<Name>, weight: number | bigint | string | CoercibleRational, id?: number | string): void;
 
+  /**
+   * Assert a constraint and associate it with a tracking literal (Boolean constant).
+   * This is the TypeScript equivalent of `assertAndTrack` in other Z3 language bindings.
+   *
+   * When the optimizer returns `unsat`, the tracked literals that contributed to
+   * unsatisfiability can be used to identify which constraints caused the conflict.
+   *
+   * @param expr - The Boolean expression to assert
+   * @param constant - A Boolean constant (or its name as a string) used as the tracking literal
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const opt = new Optimize();
+   * const x = Int.const('x');
+   * const p1 = Bool.const('p1');
+   * const p2 = Bool.const('p2');
+   * opt.addAndTrack(x.gt(0), p1);
+   * opt.addAndTrack(x.lt(0), p2);
+   * const result = await opt.check(); // 'unsat'
+   * ```
+   */
   addAndTrack(expr: Bool<Name>, constant: Bool<Name> | string): void;
 
   assertions(): AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>;
 
   fromString(s: string): void;
 
-  maximize(expr: Arith<Name>): void;
+  /**
+   * Load SMT-LIB2 format assertions from a file into the optimizer.
+   *
+   * @param filename - Path to the file containing SMT-LIB2 format assertions
+   */
+  fromFile(filename: string): void;
 
-  minimize(expr: Arith<Name>): void;
+  /**
+   * Add a maximization objective.
+   * @param expr - The expression to maximize
+   * @returns A zero-based numeric handle index for this objective, used to retrieve bounds
+   *          via {@link getLower}/{@link getUpper} after calling {@link check}
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const opt = new Optimize();
+   * const x = Int.const('x');
+   * opt.add(x.ge(0), x.le(10));
+   * const h = opt.maximize(x);
+   * await opt.check();
+   * console.log('Max x:', opt.getUpper(h).toString()); // '10'
+   * ```
+   */
+  maximize(expr: Arith<Name> | BitVec<number, Name>): number;
+
+  /**
+   * Add a minimization objective.
+   * @param expr - The expression to minimize
+   * @returns A zero-based numeric handle index for this objective, used to retrieve bounds
+   *          via {@link getLower}/{@link getUpper} after calling {@link check}
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const opt = new Optimize();
+   * const x = Int.const('x');
+   * opt.add(x.ge(0), x.le(10));
+   * const h = opt.minimize(x);
+   * await opt.check();
+   * console.log('Min x:', opt.getLower(h).toString()); // '0'
+   * ```
+   */
+  minimize(expr: Arith<Name> | BitVec<number, Name>): number;
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the lower bound for the objective at the given handle index.
+   * Call this after {@link check} returns 'sat'.
+   * @param index - The handle index returned by {@link maximize} or {@link minimize}
+   */
+  getLower(index: number): Expr<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the upper bound for the objective at the given handle index.
+   * Call this after {@link check} returns 'sat'.
+   * @param index - The handle index returned by {@link maximize} or {@link minimize}
+   */
+  getUpper(index: number): Expr<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the unsat core after a check that returned 'unsat'.
+   * @returns An AstVector containing the subset of assumptions that caused UNSAT
+   */
+  unsatCore(): AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>;
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve the set of objective expressions.
+   * @returns An AstVector containing the objectives
+   */
+  objectives(): AstVector<Name, Expr<Name>>;
+
+  /**
+   * Return a string describing why the last call to {@link check} returned 'unknown'.
+   */
+  reasonUnknown(): string;
+
+  /**
+   * Translate the optimize context to a different context.
+   * @param target - The target context
+   * @returns A new Optimize instance in the target context
+   */
+  translate(target: Context<Name>): Optimize<Name>;
 
   check(...exprs: (Bool<Name> | AstVector<Name, Bool<Name>>)[]): Promise<CheckSatResult>;
 
@@ -1304,6 +1646,25 @@ export interface Optimize<Name extends string = 'main'> {
 
   statistics(): Statistics<Name>;
 
+  /**
+   * Set an initial value hint for a variable to guide the optimizer's search heuristics.
+   * This can improve performance when a good initial value is known.
+   *
+   * @param variable - The variable to set an initial value for
+   * @param value - The initial value for the variable
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const opt = new Optimize();
+   * const x = Int.const('x');
+   * opt.setInitialValue(x, Int.val(42));
+   * opt.add(x.gt(0));
+   * opt.maximize(x);
+   * await opt.check();
+   * ```
+   */
+  setInitialValue(variable: Expr<Name>, value: Expr<Name>): void;
+
   /**
    * Manually decrease the reference count of the optimize
    * This is automatically done when the optimize is garbage collected,
@@ -1595,6 +1956,14 @@ export interface Model<Name extends string = 'main'> extends Iterable<FuncDecl<N
    */
   sortUniverse(sort: Sort<Name>): AstVector<Name, AnyExpr<Name>>;
 
+  /**
+   * Translate the model to a different context.
+   *
+   * @param target - The target context
+   * @returns A new model in the target context
+   */
+  translate(target: Context<Name>): Model<Name>;
+
   /**
    * Manually decrease the reference count of the model
    * This is automatically done when the model is garbage collected,
@@ -1706,7 +2075,8 @@ export interface Sort<Name extends string = 'main'> extends Ast<Name, Z3_sort> {
     | FPSort['__typename']
     | FPRMSort['__typename']
     | SeqSort['__typename']
-    | ReSort['__typename'];
+    | ReSort['__typename']
+    | FiniteSetSort['__typename'];
 
   kind(): Z3_sort_kind;
 
@@ -1835,7 +2205,8 @@ export interface Expr<Name extends string = 'main', S extends Sort<Name> = AnySo
     | Seq['__typename']
     | Re['__typename']
     | SMTArray['__typename']
-    | DatatypeExpr['__typename'];
+    | DatatypeExpr['__typename']
+    | FiniteSet['__typename'];
 
   get sort(): S;
 
@@ -2625,6 +2996,12 @@ export interface SMTArrayCreation<Name extends string> {
     domain: DomainSort,
     value: SortToExprMap<RangeSort, Name>,
   ): SMTArray<Name, [DomainSort], RangeSort>;
+
+  /**
+   * Create an array from a function declaration.
+   * The resulting array maps each input to the output of the function.
+   */
+  fromFunc(f: FuncDecl<Name>): SMTArray<Name>;
 }
 
 export type NonEmptySortArray<Name extends string = 'main'> = [Sort<Name>, ...Array<Sort<Name>>];
@@ -2739,6 +3116,60 @@ export interface SMTSet<Name extends string = 'main', ElemSort extends AnySort<N
   contains(elem: CoercibleToMap<SortToExprMap<ElemSort, Name>, Name>): Bool<Name>;
   subsetOf(b: SMTSet<Name, ElemSort>): Bool<Name>;
 }
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Finite Sets
+//
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * Represents a finite set sort
+ *
+ * @typeParam ElemSort The sort of elements in the finite set
+ * @category Finite Sets
+ */
+export interface FiniteSetSort<Name extends string = 'main', ElemSort extends Sort<Name> = Sort<Name>>
+  extends Sort<Name> {
+  readonly __typename: 'FiniteSetSort';
+  /** Returns the element sort of this finite set sort */
+  elemSort(): ElemSort;
+}
+
+/** @category Finite Sets */
+export interface FiniteSetCreation<Name extends string> {
+  sort<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(elemSort: ElemSort): FiniteSetSort<Name, ElemSort>;
+
+  const<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(name: string, elemSort: ElemSort): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>;
+
+  consts<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(names: string | string[], elemSort: ElemSort): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>[];
+
+  empty<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(sort: ElemSort): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>;
+
+  singleton<ElemSort extends Sort<Name>>(elem: Expr<Name>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>;
+
+  range(low: Expr<Name>, high: Expr<Name>): FiniteSet<Name, Sort<Name>>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents a finite set expression
+ *
+ * @typeParam ElemSort The sort of elements in the finite set
+ * @category Finite Sets
+ */
+export interface FiniteSet<Name extends string = 'main', ElemSort extends Sort<Name> = Sort<Name>>
+  extends Expr<Name, FiniteSetSort<Name, ElemSort>, Z3_ast> {
+  readonly __typename: 'FiniteSet';
+
+  union(other: FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>;
+  intersect(other: FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>;
+  diff(other: FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>;
+  contains(elem: Expr<Name>): Bool<Name>;
+  size(): Expr<Name>;
+  subsetOf(other: FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>): Bool<Name>;
+  map(f: Expr<Name>): FiniteSet<Name, Sort<Name>>;
+  filter(f: Expr<Name>): FiniteSet<Name, ElemSort>;
+}
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // Datatypes
@@ -2778,6 +3209,15 @@ export interface Datatype<Name extends string = 'main'> {
    * For mutually recursive datatypes, use Context.createDatatypes instead.
    */
   create(): DatatypeSort<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a polymorphic datatype sort with explicit type parameters.
+   * Type parameters should be sorts created with Context.TypeVariable.
+   * Self-recursive fields may reference this Datatype object directly.
+   *
+   * @param typeParams Array of type variable sorts
+   */
+  createPolymorphic(typeParams: AnySort<Name>[]): DatatypeSort<Name>;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2796,6 +3236,17 @@ export interface DatatypeCreation<Name extends string> {
    * @returns Array of created DatatypeSort instances
    */
   createDatatypes(...datatypes: Datatype<Name>[]): DatatypeSort<Name>[];
+
+  /**
+   * Create a single polymorphic datatype sort with explicit type parameters.
+   * Type parameters should be sorts created with Context.TypeVariable.
+   * Self-recursive fields in constructors may reference the Datatype object directly.
+   *
+   * @param typeParams Array of type variable sorts
+   * @param datatype Datatype declaration with constructors
+   * @returns Created DatatypeSort instance
+   */
+  createPolymorphicDatatype(typeParams: AnySort<Name>[], datatype: Datatype<Name>): DatatypeSort<Name>;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -3054,6 +3505,12 @@ export interface FP<Name extends string = 'main'> extends Expr<Name, FPSort<Name
 
   /** @category Predicates */
   isPositive(): Bool<Name>;
+
+  /** @category Conversion */
+  toIEEEBV(): BitVec<number, Name>;
+
+  /** @category Conversion */
+  toReal(): Arith<Name>;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -3119,6 +3576,16 @@ export interface StringCreation<Name extends string> {
    * Create a string value
    */
   val(value: string): Seq<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a single-character string from a Unicode code point (str.from_code).
+   */
+  fromCode(code: Arith<Name> | number | bigint): Seq<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Convert an integer expression to its string representation (int.to.str).
+   */
+  fromInt(n: Arith<Name> | number | bigint): Seq<Name>;
 }
 
 /** @category String/Sequence */
@@ -3193,6 +3660,60 @@ export interface Seq<Name extends string = 'main', ElemSort extends Sort<Name> =
 
   /** @category Operations */
   replaceAll(src: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string, dst: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Seq<Name, ElemSort>;
+
+  /** @category Operations */
+  replaceRe(re: Re<Name>, dst: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Seq<Name, ElemSort>;
+
+  /** @category Operations */
+  replaceReAll(re: Re<Name>, dst: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Seq<Name, ElemSort>;
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a string to its integer value (str.to.int).
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  toInt(): Arith<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a single-character string to its Unicode code point (str.to_code).
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  toCode(): Arith<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * String less-than comparison (str.lt).
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  lt(other: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Bool<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * String less-than-or-equal comparison (str.le).
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  le(other: Seq<Name, ElemSort> | string): Bool<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Apply function f to each element of the sequence (seq.map).
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  map(f: Expr<Name>): Seq<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Apply function f to each element and its index in the sequence (seq.mapi).
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  mapi(f: Expr<Name>, i: Arith<Name> | number | bigint): Seq<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Left-fold function f over the sequence with initial accumulator a (seq.foldl).
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  foldl(f: Expr<Name>, a: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name>;
+
+  /**
+   * Left-fold function f with index over the sequence with initial accumulator a (seq.foldli).
+   * @category Operations
+   */
+  foldli(f: Expr<Name>, i: Arith<Name> | number | bigint, a: Expr<Name>): Expr<Name>;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/jest.ts b/src/api/js/src/jest.ts
index 9cbab31f14..7e8ed3f9ed 100644
--- a/src/api/js/src/jest.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/src/jest.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export * from './low-level/types.__GENERATED__';
 
 export async function init(): Promise<Z3HighLevel & Z3LowLevel> {
   const lowLevel = await initWrapper(initModule);
-  const highLevel = createApi(lowLevel.Z3);
+  const highLevel = createApi(lowLevel.Z3, lowLevel.em);
   return { ...lowLevel, ...highLevel };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/low-level/index.ts b/src/api/js/src/low-level/index.ts
index 1791eae27c..f4924eee5b 100644
--- a/src/api/js/src/low-level/index.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/src/low-level/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 export * from './types.__GENERATED__';
 export * from './wrapper.__GENERATED__';
+export type Z3ModuleOverrides = {
+  locateFile?: (path: string, prefix: string) => string;
+  [key: string]: unknown;
+};
 export type Z3Core = Awaited<ReturnType<(typeof import('./wrapper.__GENERATED__'))['init']>>['Z3'];
 export type Z3LowLevel = Awaited<ReturnType<(typeof import('./wrapper.__GENERATED__'))['init']>>;
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/node.test.ts b/src/api/js/src/node.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ea67cb211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/js/src/node.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+const mockInitModule = jest.fn();
+const mockInitWrapper = jest.fn();
+const mockCreateApi = jest.fn();
+
+jest.mock('./z3-built', () => mockInitModule, { virtual: true });
+jest.mock('./low-level', () => ({
+  init: mockInitWrapper,
+  Z3Core: undefined,
+  Z3LowLevel: undefined,
+}));
+jest.mock('./high-level', () => ({
+  createApi: mockCreateApi,
+}));
+
+import { init } from './node';
+
+describe('node init', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockInitModule.mockReset();
+    mockInitWrapper.mockReset();
+    mockCreateApi.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  it('passes module overrides to the low-level initializer', async () => {
+    const locateFile = jest.fn((file: string) => `npm:z3-solver/build/${file}`);
+    const lowLevel = { Z3: { low: true }, em: { module: true } };
+    const highLevel = { Context: jest.fn() };
+    mockInitWrapper.mockResolvedValue(lowLevel);
+    mockCreateApi.mockReturnValue(highLevel);
+
+    const api = await init({ locateFile });
+
+    expect(mockInitWrapper).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockInitModule, { locateFile });
+    expect(mockCreateApi).toHaveBeenCalledWith(lowLevel.Z3, lowLevel.em);
+    expect(api).toEqual({ ...lowLevel, ...highLevel });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/api/js/src/node.ts b/src/api/js/src/node.ts
index 9e503edcd4..a2e4f3e0c1 100644
--- a/src/api/js/src/node.ts
+++ b/src/api/js/src/node.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import initModule = require('./z3-built');
 
 import { createApi, Z3HighLevel } from './high-level';
-import { init as initWrapper, Z3LowLevel } from './low-level';
+import { init as initWrapper, Z3LowLevel, Z3ModuleOverrides } from './low-level';
 export * from './high-level/types';
 export { Z3Core, Z3LowLevel } from './low-level';
 export * from './low-level/types.__GENERATED__';
@@ -29,10 +29,17 @@ export * from './low-level/types.__GENERATED__';
  *
  * console.log(`x=${model.get(x)}, y=${model.get(y)}`);
  * // x=0, y=12
+ *
+ * // Deno users can provide an Emscripten locateFile hook to load the wasm
+ * // through npm's asset resolution instead of filesystem reads.
+ * // const api = await init({
+ * //   locateFile: (file, _prefix): string =>
+ * //     import.meta.resolve(`npm:z3-solver/build/${file}`), // _prefix is unused here
+ * // });
  * ```
  * @category Global */
-export async function init(): Promise<Z3HighLevel & Z3LowLevel> {
-  const lowLevel = await initWrapper(initModule);
-  const highLevel = createApi(lowLevel.Z3);
+export async function init(moduleOverrides: Z3ModuleOverrides = {}): Promise<Z3HighLevel & Z3LowLevel> {
+  const lowLevel = await initWrapper(initModule, moduleOverrides);
+  const highLevel = createApi(lowLevel.Z3, lowLevel.em);
   return { ...lowLevel, ...highLevel };
 }
diff --git a/src/api/julia/z3jl.cpp b/src/api/julia/z3jl.cpp
index 6bc53f78e9..3df98ac01f 100644
--- a/src/api/julia/z3jl.cpp
+++ b/src/api/julia/z3jl.cpp
@@ -309,6 +309,31 @@ JLCXX_MODULE define_julia_module(jlcxx::Module &m)
     m.method("sqrt", static_cast<expr (*)(expr const &, expr const &)>(&sqrt));
     m.method("fma", static_cast<expr (*)(expr const &, expr const &, expr const &, expr const &)>(&fma));
     m.method("range", &range);
+    m.method("finite_set_empty", &finite_set_empty);
+    m.method("finite_set_singleton", &finite_set_singleton);
+    m.method("finite_set_union", &finite_set_union);
+    m.method("finite_set_intersect", &finite_set_intersect);
+    m.method("finite_set_difference", &finite_set_difference);
+    m.method("finite_set_member", &finite_set_member);
+    m.method("finite_set_size", &finite_set_size);
+    m.method("finite_set_subset", &finite_set_subset);
+    m.method("finite_set_map", &finite_set_map);
+    m.method("finite_set_filter", &finite_set_filter);
+    m.method("finite_set_range", &finite_set_range);
+    m.method("empty_set", &empty_set);
+    m.method("full_set", &full_set);
+    m.method("set_add", &set_add);
+    m.method("set_del", &set_del);
+    m.method("set_union", &set_union);
+    m.method("set_intersect", &set_intersect);
+    m.method("set_difference", &set_difference);
+    m.method("set_complement", &set_complement);
+    m.method("set_member", &set_member);
+    m.method("set_subset", &set_subset);
+    m.method("linear_order", &linear_order);
+    m.method("partial_order", &partial_order);
+    m.method("piecewise_linear_order", &piecewise_linear_order);
+    m.method("tree_order", &tree_order);
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -618,6 +643,13 @@ JLCXX_MODULE define_julia_module(jlcxx::Module &m)
         .MM(context, string_sort)
         .MM(context, seq_sort)
         .MM(context, re_sort)
+        .MM(context, char_sort)
+        .MM(context, finite_set_sort)
+        .method("set_sort", [](context &c, sort s) {
+            Z3_sort r = Z3_mk_set_sort(c, s);
+            c.check_error();
+            return sort(c, r);
+        })
         .method("array_sort", static_cast<sort (context::*)(sort, sort)>(&context::array_sort))
         .method("array_sort", static_cast<sort (context::*)(sort_vector const&, sort)>(&context::array_sort))
         .method("fpa_sort", static_cast<sort (context::*)(unsigned, unsigned)>(&context::fpa_sort))
diff --git a/src/api/ml/CMakeLists.txt b/src/api/ml/CMakeLists.txt
index 2727c55ed6..b35c4ac4c5 100644
--- a/src/api/ml/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/api/ml/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 find_package(OCaml REQUIRED)
 
 set(exe_ext ${CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX})
diff --git a/src/api/ml/z3.ml b/src/api/ml/z3.ml
index 8cb587ef9b..f64c4ddd8e 100644
--- a/src/api/ml/z3.ml
+++ b/src/api/ml/z3.ml
@@ -475,6 +475,7 @@ sig
   val substitute : expr -> expr list -> expr list -> expr
   val substitute_one : expr -> expr -> expr -> expr
   val substitute_vars : expr -> expr list -> expr
+  val substitute_funs : expr -> FuncDecl.func_decl list -> expr list -> expr
   val translate : expr -> context -> expr
   val to_string : expr -> string
   val is_numeral : expr -> bool
@@ -537,6 +538,13 @@ end = struct
   let substitute_vars x to_ =
     Z3native.substitute_vars (gc x) x (List.length to_) to_
 
+  let substitute_funs x from to_ =
+    let len = List.length from in
+    if List.length to_ <> len then
+      raise (Error "Argument sizes do not match")
+    else
+      Z3native.substitute_funs (gc x) x len from to_
+
   let translate (x:expr) to_ctx =
     if gc x = to_ctx then
       x
@@ -587,6 +595,12 @@ struct
   let mk_eq = Z3native.mk_eq
   let mk_distinct ctx args = Z3native.mk_distinct ctx (List.length args) args
 
+  let mk_atmost ctx args k = Z3native.mk_atmost ctx (List.length args) args k
+  let mk_atleast ctx args k = Z3native.mk_atleast ctx (List.length args) args k
+  let mk_pble ctx args coeffs k = Z3native.mk_pble ctx (List.length args) args coeffs k
+  let mk_pbge ctx args coeffs k = Z3native.mk_pbge ctx (List.length args) args coeffs k
+  let mk_pbeq ctx args coeffs k = Z3native.mk_pbeq ctx (List.length args) args coeffs k
+
   let get_bool_value x = lbool_of_int (Z3native.get_bool_value (gc x) x)
 
   let is_bool x =
@@ -770,6 +784,12 @@ struct
   let mk_store = Z3native.mk_store
   let mk_const_array = Z3native.mk_const_array
 
+  let mk_select_n ctx a idxs =
+    Z3native.mk_select_n ctx a (List.length idxs) idxs
+
+  let mk_store_n ctx a idxs v =
+    Z3native.mk_store_n ctx a (List.length idxs) idxs v
+
   let mk_map ctx f args =
     Z3native.mk_map ctx f (List.length args) args
 
@@ -1277,6 +1297,9 @@ struct
   let mk_seq_contains = Z3native.mk_seq_contains
   let mk_seq_extract = Z3native.mk_seq_extract
   let mk_seq_replace = Z3native.mk_seq_replace
+  let mk_seq_replace_all = Z3native.mk_seq_replace_all
+  let mk_seq_replace_re = Z3native.mk_seq_replace_re
+  let mk_seq_replace_re_all = Z3native.mk_seq_replace_re_all
   let mk_seq_at = Z3native.mk_seq_at
   let mk_seq_length = Z3native.mk_seq_length
   let mk_seq_nth = Z3native.mk_seq_nth
@@ -1298,9 +1321,11 @@ struct
   let mk_re_union ctx args = Z3native.mk_re_union ctx (List.length args) args
   let mk_re_concat ctx args = Z3native.mk_re_concat ctx (List.length args) args
   let mk_re_range = Z3native.mk_re_range
+  let mk_re_allchar = Z3native.mk_re_allchar
   let mk_re_loop = Z3native.mk_re_loop
   let mk_re_intersect ctx args = Z3native.mk_re_intersect ctx (List.length args) args
   let mk_re_complement = Z3native.mk_re_complement
+  let mk_re_diff = Z3native.mk_re_diff
   let mk_re_empty = Z3native.mk_re_empty
   let mk_re_full = Z3native.mk_re_full
   let mk_char = Z3native.mk_char
@@ -1311,6 +1336,33 @@ struct
   let mk_char_is_digit = Z3native.mk_char_is_digit
 end
 
+module FiniteSet =
+struct
+  let mk_sort = Z3native.mk_finite_set_sort
+  let is_finite_set_sort = Z3native.is_finite_set_sort
+  let get_sort_basis = Z3native.get_finite_set_sort_basis
+  let mk_empty = Z3native.mk_finite_set_empty
+  let mk_singleton = Z3native.mk_finite_set_singleton
+  let mk_union = Z3native.mk_finite_set_union
+  let mk_intersect = Z3native.mk_finite_set_intersect
+  let mk_difference = Z3native.mk_finite_set_difference
+  let mk_member = Z3native.mk_finite_set_member
+  let mk_size = Z3native.mk_finite_set_size
+  let mk_subset = Z3native.mk_finite_set_subset
+  let mk_map = Z3native.mk_finite_set_map
+  let mk_filter = Z3native.mk_finite_set_filter
+  let mk_range = Z3native.mk_finite_set_range
+end
+
+module SpecialRelation =
+struct
+  let mk_linear_order = Z3native.mk_linear_order
+  let mk_partial_order = Z3native.mk_partial_order
+  let mk_piecewise_linear_order = Z3native.mk_piecewise_linear_order
+  let mk_tree_order = Z3native.mk_tree_order
+  let mk_transitive_closure = Z3native.mk_transitive_closure
+end
+
 module FloatingPoint =
 struct
   module RoundingMode =
@@ -1667,6 +1719,8 @@ struct
     let av = Z3native.model_get_sort_universe (gc x) x s in
     AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list av
 
+  let translate (x:model) (to_ctx:context) = Z3native.model_translate (gc x) x to_ctx
+
   let to_string (x:model) = Z3native.model_to_string (gc x) x
 end
 
@@ -1937,9 +1991,75 @@ struct
   let add_simplifier = Z3native.solver_add_simplifier
   let translate x = Z3native.solver_translate (gc x) x
   let to_string x = Z3native.solver_to_string (gc x) x
+  let to_dimacs x include_names = Z3native.solver_to_dimacs_string (gc x) x include_names
 
   let interrupt (ctx:context) (s:solver) =
     Z3native.solver_interrupt ctx s
+
+  let get_units x =
+    let av = Z3native.solver_get_units (gc x) x in
+    AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list av
+
+  let get_non_units x =
+    let av = Z3native.solver_get_non_units (gc x) x in
+    AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list av
+
+  let get_trail x =
+    let av = Z3native.solver_get_trail (gc x) x in
+    AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list av
+
+  let get_levels x literals =
+    let n = List.length literals in
+    let av = Z3native.mk_ast_vector (gc x) in
+    List.iter (fun e -> Z3native.ast_vector_push (gc x) av e) literals;
+    let level_list = Z3native.solver_get_levels (gc x) x av n in
+    Array.of_list level_list
+
+  let congruence_root x a = Z3native.solver_congruence_root (gc x) x a
+
+  let congruence_next x a = Z3native.solver_congruence_next (gc x) x a
+
+  let congruence_explain x a b = Z3native.solver_congruence_explain (gc x) x a b
+
+  let from_file x = Z3native.solver_from_file (gc x) x
+
+  let from_string x = Z3native.solver_from_string (gc x) x
+
+  let set_initial_value x var value = Z3native.solver_set_initial_value (gc x) x var value
+
+  let cube x variables cutoff =
+    let av = Z3native.mk_ast_vector (gc x) in
+    List.iter (fun e -> Z3native.ast_vector_push (gc x) av e) variables;
+    let result = Z3native.solver_cube (gc x) x av cutoff in
+    AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list result
+
+  let get_consequences x assumptions variables =
+    let asms = Z3native.mk_ast_vector (gc x) in
+    let vars = Z3native.mk_ast_vector (gc x) in
+    let cons = Z3native.mk_ast_vector (gc x) in
+    List.iter (fun e -> Z3native.ast_vector_push (gc x) asms e) assumptions;
+    List.iter (fun e -> Z3native.ast_vector_push (gc x) vars e) variables;
+    let r = Z3native.solver_get_consequences (gc x) x asms vars cons in
+    let status = match lbool_of_int r with
+      | L_TRUE -> SATISFIABLE
+      | L_FALSE -> UNSATISFIABLE
+      | _ -> UNKNOWN
+    in
+    (status, AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list cons)
+
+  let solve_for x variables terms guards =
+    let var_vec = Z3native.mk_ast_vector (gc x) in
+    let term_vec = Z3native.mk_ast_vector (gc x) in
+    let guard_vec = Z3native.mk_ast_vector (gc x) in
+    List.iter (fun e -> Z3native.ast_vector_push (gc x) var_vec e) variables;
+    List.iter (fun e -> Z3native.ast_vector_push (gc x) term_vec e) terms;
+    List.iter (fun e -> Z3native.ast_vector_push (gc x) guard_vec e) guards;
+    Z3native.solver_solve_for (gc x) x var_vec term_vec guard_vec
+
+  let register_on_clause (s:solver) (callback: Expr.expr option -> int list -> Expr.expr list -> unit) =
+    Z3native.solver_register_on_clause (gc s) s (fun proof_hint deps lits ->
+      let lits_list = AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list lits in
+      callback proof_hint deps lits_list)
 end
 
 
@@ -2067,6 +2187,7 @@ struct
   let from_string (x:optimize) (s:string) = Z3native.optimize_from_string (gc x) x s
   let get_assertions (x:optimize) = AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list (Z3native.optimize_get_assertions (gc x) x)
   let get_objectives (x:optimize) = AST.ASTVector.to_expr_list (Z3native.optimize_get_objectives (gc x) x)
+  let translate (x:optimize) (to_ctx:context) = Z3native.optimize_translate (gc x) x to_ctx
 end
 
 
@@ -2131,7 +2252,7 @@ struct
   let div (ctx:context) (a:rcf_num) (b:rcf_num) = Z3native.rcf_div ctx a b
 
   let neg (ctx:context) (a:rcf_num) = Z3native.rcf_neg ctx a
-  let inv (ctx:context) (a:rcf_num) = Z3native.rcf_neg ctx a
+  let inv (ctx:context) (a:rcf_num) = Z3native.rcf_inv ctx a
 
   let power (ctx:context) (a:rcf_num) (k:int) = Z3native.rcf_power ctx a k
 
diff --git a/src/api/ml/z3.mli b/src/api/ml/z3.mli
index b473ff37ed..f5e90d8459 100644
--- a/src/api/ml/z3.mli
+++ b/src/api/ml/z3.mli
@@ -531,6 +531,10 @@ sig
       For every [i] smaller than [num_exprs], the variable with de-Bruijn index [i] is replaced with term [to[i]]. *)
   val substitute_vars : Expr.expr -> Expr.expr list -> expr
 
+  (** Substitute every application of [from[i]] with [to[i]] in the expression.
+      The [from] and [to] lists must have the same length. *)
+  val substitute_funs : Expr.expr -> FuncDecl.func_decl list -> Expr.expr list -> expr
+
   (** Translates (copies) the term to another context.
       @return A copy of the term which is associated with the other context *)
   val translate : Expr.expr -> context -> expr
@@ -632,6 +636,21 @@ sig
   (** Creates a [distinct] term. *)
   val mk_distinct : context -> Expr.expr list -> Expr.expr
 
+  (** Encodes p1 + p2 + ... + pn <= k. *)
+  val mk_atmost : context -> Expr.expr list -> int -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Encodes p1 + p2 + ... + pn >= k. *)
+  val mk_atleast : context -> Expr.expr list -> int -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Encodes k1*p1 + k2*p2 + ... + kn*pn <= k. *)
+  val mk_pble : context -> Expr.expr list -> int list -> int -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Encodes k1*p1 + k2*p2 + ... + kn*pn >= k. *)
+  val mk_pbge : context -> Expr.expr list -> int list -> int -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Encodes k1*p1 + k2*p2 + ... + kn*pn = k. *)
+  val mk_pbeq : context -> Expr.expr list -> int list -> int -> Expr.expr
+
   (** Indicates whether the expression is the true or false expression
       or something else (L_UNDEF). *)
   val get_bool_value : Expr.expr -> Z3enums.lbool
@@ -869,6 +888,19 @@ sig
       {!mk_select} *)
   val mk_const_array : context -> Sort.sort -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
 
+  (** Multi-index array read.
+
+      The node [a] must have a multi-dimensional array sort, and [idxs] is the list of indices.
+      {!mk_select} *)
+  val mk_select_n : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr list -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Multi-index array update.
+
+      The node [a] must have a multi-dimensional array sort, [idxs] is the list of indices,
+      and [v] is the value to store.
+      {!mk_store} *)
+  val mk_store_n : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr list -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
   (** Maps f on the argument arrays.
 
       Each element of [args] must be of an array sort [[domain_i -> range_i]].
@@ -1955,9 +1987,22 @@ sig
   (** extract sub-sequence starting at index given by second argument and of length provided by third argument *)
   val mk_seq_extract : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
 
-  (** replace first occurrence of second argument by third *)
+  (** [mk_seq_replace ctx seq target replacement] replaces the first occurrence
+      of [target] within [seq] with [replacement]. *)
   val mk_seq_replace : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
 
+  (** [mk_seq_replace_all ctx seq target replacement] replaces all occurrences
+      of [target] within [seq] with [replacement]. *)
+  val mk_seq_replace_all : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** [mk_seq_replace_re ctx seq re replacement] replaces the first occurrence
+      matching the regular expression [re] within [seq] with [replacement]. *)
+  val mk_seq_replace_re : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** [mk_seq_replace_re_all ctx seq re replacement] replaces all occurrences
+      matching the regular expression [re] within [seq] with [replacement]. *)
+  val mk_seq_replace_re_all : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
   (** a unit sequence at index provided by second argument *)
   val mk_seq_at : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
 
@@ -2023,6 +2068,9 @@ sig
   (** regular expression for the range between two characters *)
   val mk_re_range : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
 
+  (** the regular expression matching any single character of the given sort *)
+  val mk_re_allchar : context -> Sort.sort -> Expr.expr
+
   (** bounded loop regular expression *)
   val mk_re_loop : context -> Expr.expr -> int -> int -> Expr.expr
 
@@ -2032,6 +2080,9 @@ sig
   (** the regular expression complement *)
   val mk_re_complement : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
 
+  (** the regular expression difference *)
+  val mk_re_diff : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
   (** the regular expression that accepts no sequences *)
   val mk_re_empty : context -> Sort.sort -> Expr.expr
 
@@ -2058,6 +2109,78 @@ sig
 
 end
 
+(** Finite Sets *)
+module FiniteSet :
+sig
+  (** Create a finite set sort with the given element sort. *)
+  val mk_sort : context -> Sort.sort -> Sort.sort
+
+  (** Test if a sort is a finite set sort. *)
+  val is_finite_set_sort : context -> Sort.sort -> bool
+
+  (** Get the element sort of a finite set sort. *)
+  val get_sort_basis : context -> Sort.sort -> Sort.sort
+
+  (** Create an empty finite set of the given sort. *)
+  val mk_empty : context -> Sort.sort -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Create a singleton finite set containing the given element. *)
+  val mk_singleton : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Create the union of two finite sets. *)
+  val mk_union : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Create the intersection of two finite sets. *)
+  val mk_intersect : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Create the set difference of two finite sets (s1 \ s2). *)
+  val mk_difference : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Create a membership predicate: elem ∈ set. *)
+  val mk_member : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Create an expression for the cardinality of a finite set. *)
+  val mk_size : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Create a subset predicate: s1 ⊆ s2. *)
+  val mk_subset : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Apply a function to all elements of a finite set. *)
+  val mk_map : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Filter a finite set using a predicate function. *)
+  val mk_filter : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Create a finite set of integers in the range [low, high]. *)
+  val mk_range : context -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+end
+
+(** Special relation constructors *)
+module SpecialRelation :
+sig
+  (** Create a linear (total) order relation over the given sort.
+      The [id] parameter distinguishes multiple linear orders over the same sort. *)
+  val mk_linear_order : context -> Sort.sort -> int -> FuncDecl.func_decl
+
+  (** Create a partial order relation over the given sort.
+      The [id] parameter distinguishes multiple partial orders over the same sort. *)
+  val mk_partial_order : context -> Sort.sort -> int -> FuncDecl.func_decl
+
+  (** Create a piecewise linear order relation over the given sort.
+      The [id] parameter distinguishes multiple piecewise linear orders over the same sort. *)
+  val mk_piecewise_linear_order : context -> Sort.sort -> int -> FuncDecl.func_decl
+
+  (** Create a tree order relation over the given sort.
+      The [id] parameter distinguishes multiple tree orders over the same sort. *)
+  val mk_tree_order : context -> Sort.sort -> int -> FuncDecl.func_decl
+
+  (** Create the transitive closure of a binary relation.
+      The resulting relation is recursive. *)
+  val mk_transitive_closure : context -> FuncDecl.func_decl -> FuncDecl.func_decl
+
+end
+
 (** Floating-Point Arithmetic *)
 module FloatingPoint :
 sig
@@ -2994,6 +3117,10 @@ sig
       @return A list of expressions, where each is an element of the universe of the sort *)
   val sort_universe : model -> Sort.sort -> Expr.expr list
 
+  (** Translate the model to a different context.
+      @return A new model in the target context *)
+  val translate : model -> context -> model
+
   (** Conversion of models to strings.
       @return A string representation of the model. *)
   val to_string : model -> string
@@ -3381,6 +3508,10 @@ sig
   (** A string representation of the solver. *)
   val to_string : solver -> string
 
+  (** Convert the solver's Boolean formula to DIMACS CNF format.
+      @param include_names If true, include variable names in the output. *)
+  val to_dimacs : solver -> bool -> string
+
   (** Solver local interrupt.
 
       Normally you should use Z3_interrupt to cancel solvers because only
@@ -3389,6 +3520,69 @@ sig
       it is more convenient to cancel a specific solver. Solvers
       that are not selected for interrupts are left alone.*)
   val interrupt: context -> solver -> unit
+
+  (** Retrieve the set of units from the solver.
+      Units are clauses of size 1 learned by the solver during solving. *)
+  val get_units : solver -> Expr.expr list
+
+  (** Retrieve the set of non-units from the solver.
+      Non-units are clauses of size greater than 1 learned by the solver. *)
+  val get_non_units : solver -> Expr.expr list
+
+  (** Retrieve the trail (sequence of assignments) from the solver.
+      The trail shows the sequence of literal assignments made by the solver. *)
+  val get_trail : solver -> Expr.expr list
+
+  (** Retrieve the decision levels of trail literals.
+      Given a list of literals from the trail, returns an array of their decision levels.
+      @param literals List of literals from the trail
+      @return Array of decision levels corresponding to the input literals *)
+  val get_levels : solver -> Expr.expr list -> int array
+
+  (** Retrieve the congruence closure root of an expression.
+      Returns the representative of the equivalence class containing the expression. *)
+  val congruence_root : solver -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Retrieve the next element in the congruence closure equivalence class.
+      Congruence classes form a circular list; this returns the next element. *)
+  val congruence_next : solver -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Retrieve an explanation for why two expressions are congruent.
+      Returns an expression that justifies the congruence between a and b. *)
+  val congruence_explain : solver -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr
+
+  (** Parse SMT-LIB2 formulas from a file and assert them into the solver. *)
+  val from_file : solver -> string -> unit
+
+  (** Parse SMT-LIB2 formulas from a string and assert them into the solver. *)
+  val from_string : solver -> string -> unit
+
+  (** Provide an initial value hint for a variable to the solver.
+      This can help guide the solver to find solutions more efficiently. *)
+  val set_initial_value : solver -> Expr.expr -> Expr.expr -> unit
+
+  (** Extract cubes from the solver for cube-and-conquer parallel solving.
+      vars is a list of variables to use as cube variables; use an empty list for automatic selection.
+      cutoff is the backtrack level cutoff for cube generation.
+      Returns a list of expressions representing the cube literals. *)
+  val cube : solver -> Expr.expr list -> int -> Expr.expr list
+
+  (** Retrieve fixed assignments to variables as consequences given assumptions.
+      Returns the solver status and a list of consequence expressions.
+      Each consequence is an implication: assumptions => variable = value. *)
+  val get_consequences : solver -> Expr.expr list -> Expr.expr list -> status * Expr.expr list
+
+  (** Solve constraints treating given variables symbolically.
+      variables are the variables to solve for, terms are the substitution terms,
+      and guards are Boolean guards for the substitutions. *)
+  val solve_for : solver -> Expr.expr list -> Expr.expr list -> Expr.expr list -> unit
+
+  (** Register a callback that is invoked when clauses are inferred during solving.
+      The callback is called when a clause is asserted to the CDCL engine, inferred
+      by CDCL(T), or deleted by the CDCL(T) engine.
+      The callback receives an optional proof hint expression, a list of dependency
+      indices, and the inferred clause as a list of literal expressions. *)
+  val register_on_clause : solver -> (Expr.expr option -> int list -> Expr.expr list -> unit) -> unit
 end
 
 (** Fixedpoint solving *)
@@ -3562,6 +3756,9 @@ sig
       corresponding minimization objective. In this way the resulting
       objective function is always returned as a minimization objective. *)
   val get_objectives : optimize -> Expr.expr list
+
+  (** Translate the optimize context to a different context. *)
+  val translate : optimize -> context -> optimize
 end
 
 
diff --git a/src/api/ml/z3native.ml.pre b/src/api/ml/z3native.ml.pre
index fe4e8a194d..291bc3f598 100644
--- a/src/api/ml/z3native.ml.pre
+++ b/src/api/ml/z3native.ml.pre
@@ -37,3 +37,6 @@ type rcf_num = ptr
 
 external set_internal_error_handler : ptr -> unit
   = "n_set_internal_error_handler"
+
+external solver_register_on_clause : context -> solver -> (ast option -> int list -> ast_vector -> unit) -> unit
+  = "n_solver_register_on_clause"
diff --git a/src/api/ml/z3native_stubs.c.pre b/src/api/ml/z3native_stubs.c.pre
index c8afe90b90..2d4ce07097 100644
--- a/src/api/ml/z3native_stubs.c.pre
+++ b/src/api/ml/z3native_stubs.c.pre
@@ -476,3 +476,71 @@ CAMLprim DLL_PUBLIC value n_mk_config() {
   /* cleanup and return */
   CAMLreturn(result);
 }
+
+/* on_clause callback infrastructure */
+
+typedef struct {
+  value callback;    /* OCaml callback closure, registered as global root */
+  Z3_context_plus cp; /* solver's context, for wrapping AST values */
+} ml_on_clause_ctx;
+
+static void caml_ml_on_clause_eh(void* ctx, Z3_ast proof_hint, unsigned n, unsigned const* deps, Z3_ast_vector literals) {
+  CAMLparam0();
+  CAMLlocal5(cb, ph_opt, deps_cons, lv, cell);
+  CAMLlocal1(ast_v);
+  unsigned i;
+  ml_on_clause_ctx* oc;
+  Z3_context_plus cp;
+
+  oc = (ml_on_clause_ctx*)ctx;
+  cb = oc->callback;
+  cp = oc->cp;
+
+  /* Build proof_hint as OCaml ast option */
+  if (proof_hint == NULL) {
+    ph_opt = Val_int(0); /* None */
+  } else {
+    ast_v = caml_alloc_custom_mem(&Z3_ast_plus_custom_ops, sizeof(Z3_ast_plus), 8);
+    *(Z3_ast_plus*)Data_custom_val(ast_v) = Z3_ast_plus_mk(cp, proof_hint);
+    ph_opt = caml_alloc_small(1, 0); /* Some */
+    Field(ph_opt, 0) = ast_v;
+  }
+
+  /* Build deps as OCaml int list, constructed right-to-left */
+  deps_cons = Val_int(0); /* [] */
+  for (i = n; i-- > 0; ) {
+    cell = caml_alloc_small(2, 0);
+    Field(cell, 0) = Val_int((int)deps[i]);
+    Field(cell, 1) = deps_cons;
+    deps_cons = cell;
+  }
+
+  /* Create literals as ast_vector OCaml value */
+  lv = caml_alloc_custom_mem(&Z3_ast_vector_plus_custom_ops, sizeof(Z3_ast_vector_plus), 32);
+  *(Z3_ast_vector_plus*)Data_custom_val(lv) = Z3_ast_vector_plus_mk(cp, literals);
+
+  caml_callback3(cb, ph_opt, deps_cons, lv);
+
+  CAMLreturn0;
+}
+
+CAMLprim DLL_PUBLIC value n_solver_register_on_clause(value ctx_v, value solver_v, value cb_v) {
+  CAMLparam3(ctx_v, solver_v, cb_v);
+  Z3_context_plus cp;
+  Z3_solver_plus* sp;
+  ml_on_clause_ctx* oc;
+
+  cp = *(Z3_context_plus*)Data_custom_val(ctx_v);
+  sp = (Z3_solver_plus*)Data_custom_val(solver_v);
+
+  oc = (ml_on_clause_ctx*)malloc(sizeof(ml_on_clause_ctx));
+  if (!oc) caml_raise_out_of_memory();
+
+  oc->callback = cb_v;
+  oc->cp = cp;
+  caml_register_global_root(&oc->callback);
+
+  Z3_solver_register_on_clause(cp->ctx, sp->p, (void*)oc, caml_ml_on_clause_eh);
+
+  CAMLreturn(Val_unit);
+}
diff --git a/src/api/python/CMakeLists.txt b/src/api/python/CMakeLists.txt
index e420c4c04d..2d08d2cd61 100644
--- a/src/api/python/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/api/python/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ set(z3py_files
   z3/z3num.py
   z3/z3poly.py
   z3/z3printer.py
+  z3/z3regex.py
   z3/z3rcf.py
   z3test.py
   z3/z3types.py
diff --git a/src/api/python/pyproject.toml b/src/api/python/pyproject.toml
index 380744c872..52c6db5946 100644
--- a/src/api/python/pyproject.toml
+++ b/src/api/python/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,3 +1,29 @@
 [build-system]
 requires = ["setuptools>=70"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+# --- Pyodide / WebAssembly (PEP 783) build configuration ---------------------
+# Consumed by pyodide-build (invoked directly or via `cibuildwheel --platform
+# pyodide`). These flags are forwarded to the emscripten toolchain that compiles
+# libz3 to wasm32. setup.py's IS_PYODIDE branch appends the same -fexceptions
+# flags defensively, but declaring them here is what cibuildwheel relies on.
+# Pyodide 314 / emscripten 5 builds its main module with *native wasm*
+# exception handling and wasm longjmp (see Pyodide's Makefile.envs). Side
+# modules like libz3.so MUST match that ABI: building with the legacy
+# `-fexceptions` (JS-based EH) makes libz3 import `invoke_*` trampolines that the
+# Pyodide runtime no longer provides -> "cannot resolve symbol invoke_vi" at the
+# first Z3 call. WASM_BIGINT is required because the Z3 C API passes 64-bit ints
+# across the ctypes/JS boundary.
+[tool.pyodide.build]
+cflags = "-fwasm-exceptions -sSUPPORT_LONGJMP=wasm"
+cxxflags = "-fwasm-exceptions -sSUPPORT_LONGJMP=wasm"
+ldflags = "-fwasm-exceptions -sSUPPORT_LONGJMP=wasm -sWASM_BIGINT -sSIDE_MODULE=1"
+
+# --- cibuildwheel: produce a PyPI-publishable pyemscripten wheel -------------
+[tool.cibuildwheel]
+# Pyodide 314 ships CPython 3.14; match the single ABI it targets.
+build = "cp314-*"
+
+[tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
+# z3test.py is the upstream smoke test; run it inside the Pyodide test venv.
+test-command = "python {project}/z3test.py z3"
diff --git a/src/api/python/setup.py b/src/api/python/setup.py
index 8f70b9c6ff..d02cd39787 100644
--- a/src/api/python/setup.py
+++ b/src/api/python/setup.py
@@ -42,9 +42,16 @@ if RELEASE_DIR is None:
         BUILD_PLATFORM = "emscripten"
         BUILD_ARCH = "wasm32"
         BUILD_OS_VERSION = os.environ['_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM'].split('_')[1:-1]
-        build_env['CFLAGS'] = build_env.get('CFLAGS', '') + " -fexceptions"
-        build_env['CXXFLAGS'] = build_env.get('CXXFLAGS', '') + " -fexceptions"
-        build_env['LDFLAGS'] = build_env.get('LDFLAGS', '') + " -fexceptions"
+        # Match Pyodide's native-wasm exception/longjmp ABI (see Makefile.envs in
+        # Pyodide). The legacy JS-based "-fexceptions" makes libz3.so import
+        # invoke_* trampolines that the modern Pyodide runtime does not export,
+        # which surfaces as "cannot resolve symbol invoke_vi" on the first Z3
+        # call. These mirror [tool.pyodide.build] in pyproject.toml so direct
+        # `pyodide build` invocations stay consistent with cibuildwheel.
+        _wasm_eh = " -fwasm-exceptions -sSUPPORT_LONGJMP=wasm"
+        build_env['CFLAGS'] = build_env.get('CFLAGS', '') + _wasm_eh
+        build_env['CXXFLAGS'] = build_env.get('CXXFLAGS', '') + _wasm_eh
+        build_env['LDFLAGS'] = build_env.get('LDFLAGS', '') + _wasm_eh + " -sWASM_BIGINT -sSIDE_MODULE=1"
         IS_SINGLE_THREADED = True
         ENABLE_LTO = False
         # build with pthread doesn't work. The WASM bindings are also single threaded.
@@ -305,6 +312,21 @@ class bdist_wheel(_bdist_wheel):
             
             
     def finalize_options(self):
+        if BUILD_PLATFORM == "emscripten":
+            # Under pyodide-build / `cibuildwheel --platform pyodide`, the
+            # authoritative wheel platform tag is handed to us verbatim via
+            # _PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM. For PEP 783 (Pyodide >= 0.28 / "314") this
+            # is e.g. "pyemscripten_2026_0_wasm32" -- a tag PyPI accepts. The
+            # reconstruction below instead produced "emscripten_<ver>_wasm32",
+            # which is locked to a Pyodide release and rejected by PyPI, so we
+            # defer to pyodide-build's tag when it is available.
+            host_platform = os.environ.get('_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM')
+            if host_platform:
+                self.plat_name = host_platform
+            else:
+                os_version_tag = '_'.join(BUILD_OS_VERSION) if BUILD_OS_VERSION else 'xxxxxx'
+                self.plat_name = f"emscripten_{os_version_tag}_wasm32"
+            return super().finalize_options()
         if BUILD_ARCH is not None and BUILD_PLATFORM is not None:
             os_version_tag = '_'.join(BUILD_OS_VERSION) if BUILD_OS_VERSION is not None else 'xxxxxx'
             os_version_tag = self.remove_build_machine_os_version(BUILD_PLATFORM, os_version_tag)
@@ -313,7 +335,7 @@ class bdist_wheel(_bdist_wheel):
                 ("linux", "x86_64"): "linux_x86_64",
                 ("linux", "aarch64"): "linux_aarch64",
                 ('linux', "riscv64"): "linux_riscv64",
-                # windows arm64 is not supported by pypi yet
+                ("linux", "loongarch64"): "linux_loongarch64",
                 ("win", "x64"): "win_amd64",
                 ("win", "x86"): "win32",
                 ("win", "arm64"): "win_arm64",
diff --git a/src/api/python/z3/__init__.py b/src/api/python/z3/__init__.py
index f7aa29ab12..d345850ce4 100644
--- a/src/api/python/z3/__init__.py
+++ b/src/api/python/z3/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from .z3 import *
 from . import z3num
 from . import z3poly
 from . import z3printer
+from . import z3regex
 from . import z3rcf
 from . import z3types
 from . import z3util
diff --git a/src/api/python/z3/z3.py b/src/api/python/z3/z3.py
index c4b35bf3da..c3d9ee34d6 100644
--- a/src/api/python/z3/z3.py
+++ b/src/api/python/z3/z3.py
@@ -695,6 +695,8 @@ def is_sort(s : Any) -> bool:
 def _to_sort_ref(s, ctx):
     if z3_debug():
         _z3_assert(isinstance(s, Sort), "Z3 Sort expected")
+    if Z3_is_finite_set_sort(ctx.ref(), s):
+        return FiniteSetSortRef(s, ctx)
     k = _sort_kind(ctx, s)
     if k == Z3_BOOL_SORT:
         return BoolSortRef(s, ctx)
@@ -858,7 +860,7 @@ class FuncDeclRef(AstRef):
             elif k == Z3_PARAMETER_RATIONAL:
                 result[i] = Z3_get_decl_rational_parameter(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, i)
             elif k == Z3_PARAMETER_SYMBOL:
-                result[i] = Z3_get_decl_symbol_parameter(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, i)
+                result[i] = _symbol2py(ctx, Z3_get_decl_symbol_parameter(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, i))
             elif k == Z3_PARAMETER_SORT:
                 result[i] = SortRef(Z3_get_decl_sort_parameter(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, i), ctx)
             elif k == Z3_PARAMETER_AST:
@@ -1225,7 +1227,11 @@ def _to_expr_ref(a, ctx):
     k = Z3_get_ast_kind(ctx_ref, a)
     if k == Z3_QUANTIFIER_AST:
         return QuantifierRef(a, ctx)
-    sk = Z3_get_sort_kind(ctx_ref, Z3_get_sort(ctx_ref, a))
+    # Check for finite set sort before checking sort kind
+    s = Z3_get_sort(ctx_ref, a)
+    if Z3_is_finite_set_sort(ctx_ref, s):
+        return FiniteSetRef(a, ctx)
+    sk = Z3_get_sort_kind(ctx_ref, s)
     if sk == Z3_BOOL_SORT:
         return BoolRef(a, ctx)
     if sk == Z3_INT_SORT:
@@ -3376,6 +3382,9 @@ def RatVal(a, b, ctx=None):
     """Return a Z3 rational a/b.
 
     If `ctx=None`, then the global context is used.
+    
+    Note: Division by zero (b == 0) is allowed in Z3 symbolic expressions.
+    Z3 can reason about such expressions symbolically.
 
     >>> RatVal(3,5)
     3/5
@@ -3385,8 +3394,7 @@ def RatVal(a, b, ctx=None):
     if z3_debug():
         _z3_assert(_is_int(a) or isinstance(a, str), "First argument cannot be converted into an integer")
         _z3_assert(_is_int(b) or isinstance(b, str), "Second argument cannot be converted into an integer")
-    if b == 0:
-        pass # division by 0 is legal in z3 expressions.
+    # Division by 0 is intentionally allowed - Z3 handles it symbolically
     return simplify(RealVal(a, ctx) / RealVal(b, ctx))
 
 
@@ -4644,6 +4652,45 @@ def BVRedOr(a):
     return BitVecRef(Z3_mk_bvredor(a.ctx_ref(), a.as_ast()), a.ctx)
 
 
+def BvNand(a, b):
+    """Return the bitwise NAND of `a` and `b`.
+
+    >>> x = BitVec('x', 8)
+    >>> y = BitVec('y', 8)
+    >>> BvNand(x, y)
+    bvnand(x, y)
+    """
+    _check_bv_args(a, b)
+    a, b = _coerce_exprs(a, b)
+    return BitVecRef(Z3_mk_bvnand(a.ctx_ref(), a.as_ast(), b.as_ast()), a.ctx)
+
+
+def BvNor(a, b):
+    """Return the bitwise NOR of `a` and `b`.
+
+    >>> x = BitVec('x', 8)
+    >>> y = BitVec('y', 8)
+    >>> BvNor(x, y)
+    bvnor(x, y)
+    """
+    _check_bv_args(a, b)
+    a, b = _coerce_exprs(a, b)
+    return BitVecRef(Z3_mk_bvnor(a.ctx_ref(), a.as_ast(), b.as_ast()), a.ctx)
+
+
+def BvXnor(a, b):
+    """Return the bitwise XNOR of `a` and `b`.
+
+    >>> x = BitVec('x', 8)
+    >>> y = BitVec('y', 8)
+    >>> BvXnor(x, y)
+    bvxnor(x, y)
+    """
+    _check_bv_args(a, b)
+    a, b = _coerce_exprs(a, b)
+    return BitVecRef(Z3_mk_bvxnor(a.ctx_ref(), a.as_ast(), b.as_ast()), a.ctx)
+
+
 def BVAddNoOverflow(a, b, signed):
     """A predicate the determines that bit-vector addition does not overflow"""
     _check_bv_args(a, b)
@@ -5064,6 +5111,25 @@ def Ext(a, b):
         _z3_assert(is_array_sort(a) and (is_array(b) or b.is_lambda()), "arguments must be arrays")
     return _to_expr_ref(Z3_mk_array_ext(ctx.ref(), a.as_ast(), b.as_ast()), ctx)
 
+
+def AsArray(f):
+    """Return a Z3 as-array expression for the given function declaration.
+    
+    >>> f = Function('f', IntSort(), IntSort())
+    >>> a = AsArray(f)
+    >>> a.sort()
+    Array(Int, Int)
+    >>> is_as_array(a)
+    True
+    >>> get_as_array_func(a) == f
+    True
+    """
+    if z3_debug():
+        _z3_assert(isinstance(f, FuncDeclRef), "function declaration expected")
+    ctx = f.ctx
+    return ArrayRef(Z3_mk_as_array(ctx.ref(), f.ast), ctx)
+
+
 def is_select(a):
     """Return `True` if `a` is a Z3 array select application.
 
@@ -5106,6 +5172,8 @@ def EmptySet(s):
     K(Int, False)
     """
     ctx = s.ctx
+    if is_finite_set_sort(s):
+        return FiniteSetEmpty(s)
     return ArrayRef(Z3_mk_empty_set(ctx.ref(), s.ast), ctx)
 
 
@@ -5126,6 +5194,9 @@ def SetUnion(*args):
     union(a, b)
     """
     args = _get_args(args)
+    if len(args) > 0 and is_finite_set(args[0]):
+        from functools import reduce
+        return reduce(FiniteSetUnion, args)
     ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list(args)
     _args, sz = _to_ast_array(args)
     return ArrayRef(Z3_mk_set_union(ctx.ref(), sz, _args), ctx)
@@ -5140,6 +5211,9 @@ def SetIntersect(*args):
     """
     args = _get_args(args)
     ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list(args)
+    if len(args) > 0 and is_finite_set(args[0]):
+        from functools import reduce
+        return reduce(FiniteSetIntersect, args)
     _args, sz = _to_ast_array(args)
     return ArrayRef(Z3_mk_set_intersect(ctx.ref(), sz, _args), ctx)
 
@@ -5150,8 +5224,10 @@ def SetAdd(s, e):
     >>> SetAdd(a, 1)
     Store(a, 1, True)
     """
-    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([s, e])
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([s, e])    
     e = _py2expr(e, ctx)
+    if is_finite_set(s):
+        return FiniteSetSingleton(e) | s             
     return ArrayRef(Z3_mk_set_add(ctx.ref(), s.as_ast(), e.as_ast()), ctx)
 
 
@@ -5163,6 +5239,8 @@ def SetDel(s, e):
     """
     ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([s, e])
     e = _py2expr(e, ctx)
+    if is_finite_set(s):
+        return s - FiniteSetSingleton(e)
     return ArrayRef(Z3_mk_set_del(ctx.ref(), s.as_ast(), e.as_ast()), ctx)
 
 
@@ -5184,6 +5262,8 @@ def SetDifference(a, b):
     setminus(a, b)
     """
     ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([a, b])
+    if is_finite_set(a):
+        return FiniteSetDifference(a, b)
     return ArrayRef(Z3_mk_set_difference(ctx.ref(), a.as_ast(), b.as_ast()), ctx)
 
 
@@ -5195,6 +5275,8 @@ def IsMember(e, s):
     """
     ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([s, e])
     e = _py2expr(e, ctx)
+    if is_finite_set(s):
+        return FiniteSetIsMember(e, s)
     return BoolRef(Z3_mk_set_member(ctx.ref(), e.as_ast(), s.as_ast()), ctx)
 
 
@@ -5206,9 +5288,228 @@ def IsSubset(a, b):
     subset(a, b)
     """
     ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([a, b])
+    if is_finite_set(a):
+        return FiniteSetIsSubset(a, b)
     return BoolRef(Z3_mk_set_subset(ctx.ref(), a.as_ast(), b.as_ast()), ctx)
 
 
+#########################################
+#
+# Finite Sets
+#
+#########################################
+
+
+class FiniteSetSortRef(SortRef):
+    """Finite set sort."""
+
+    def element_sort(self):
+        """Return the element sort of this finite set sort."""
+        return _to_sort_ref(Z3_get_finite_set_sort_basis(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def cast(self, val):
+        """Try to cast val as a finite set expression."""
+        if is_expr(val):
+            if self.eq(val.sort()):
+                return val
+            else:
+                _z3_assert(False, "Cannot cast to finite set sort")
+        if isinstance(val, set):
+            elem_sort = self.element_sort()
+            result = FiniteSetEmpty(self)
+            for e in val:
+                result = FiniteSetUnion(result, Singleton(_py2expr(e, self.ctx, elem_sort)))
+            return result
+        _z3_assert(False, "Cannot cast to finite set sort")
+
+    def subsort(self, other):
+        return False
+
+    def is_int(self):
+        return False
+
+    def is_bool(self):
+        return False
+
+    def is_datatype(self):
+        return False
+
+    def is_array(self):
+        return False
+
+    def is_bv(self):
+        return False
+
+
+def is_finite_set(a):
+    """Return True if a is a Z3 finite set expression.
+    >>> s = FiniteSetSort(IntSort())
+    >>> is_finite_set(FiniteSetEmpty(s))
+    True
+    >>> is_finite_set(IntVal(1))
+    False
+    """
+    return isinstance(a, FiniteSetRef)
+
+
+def is_finite_set_sort(s):
+    """Return True if s is a Z3 finite set sort.
+    >>> is_finite_set_sort(FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    True
+    >>> is_finite_set_sort(IntSort())
+    False
+    """
+    return isinstance(s, FiniteSetSortRef)
+
+
+class FiniteSetRef(ExprRef):
+    """Finite set expression."""
+
+    def sort(self):
+        return FiniteSetSortRef(Z3_get_sort(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast()), self.ctx)
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        """Return the union of self and other."""
+        return FiniteSetUnion(self, other)
+
+    def __and__(self, other):
+        """Return the intersection of self and other."""
+        return FiniteSetIntersect(self, other)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        """Return the set difference of self and other."""
+        return FiniteSetDifference(self, other)
+
+
+def FiniteSetSort(elem_sort):
+    """Create a finite set sort over element sort elem_sort.
+    >>> s = FiniteSetSort(IntSort())
+    >>> s
+    FiniteSet(Int)
+    """
+    return FiniteSetSortRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_sort(elem_sort.ctx_ref(), elem_sort.ast), elem_sort.ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetEmpty(set_sort):
+    """Create an empty finite set of the given sort.
+    >>> s = FiniteSetSort(IntSort())
+    >>> FiniteSetEmpty(s)
+    set.empty
+    """
+    ctx = set_sort.ctx
+    return FiniteSetRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_empty(ctx.ref(), set_sort.ast), ctx)
+
+
+def Singleton(elem):
+    """Create a singleton finite set containing elem.
+    >>> Singleton(IntVal(1))
+    set.singleton(1)
+    """
+    ctx = elem.ctx
+    return FiniteSetRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_singleton(ctx.ref(), elem.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetUnion(s1, s2):
+    """Create the union of two finite sets.
+    >>> a = Const('a', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> b = Const('b', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> FiniteSetUnion(a, b)
+    set.union(a, b)
+    """
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([s1, s2])
+    return FiniteSetRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_union(ctx.ref(), s1.as_ast(), s2.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetIntersect(s1, s2):
+    """Create the intersection of two finite sets.
+    >>> a = Const('a', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> b = Const('b', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> FiniteSetIntersect(a, b)
+    set.intersect(a, b)
+    """
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([s1, s2])
+    return FiniteSetRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_intersect(ctx.ref(), s1.as_ast(), s2.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetDifference(s1, s2):
+    """Create the set difference of two finite sets.
+    >>> a = Const('a', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> b = Const('b', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> FiniteSetDifference(a, b)
+    set.difference(a, b)
+    """
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([s1, s2])
+    return FiniteSetRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_difference(ctx.ref(), s1.as_ast(), s2.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetMember(elem, set):
+    """Check if elem is a member of the finite set.
+    >>> a = Const('a', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> FiniteSetMember(IntVal(1), a)
+    set.in(1, a)
+    """
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([elem, set])
+    return BoolRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_member(ctx.ref(), elem.as_ast(), set.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+def In(elem, set):
+    return FiniteSetMember(elem, set)
+
+def FiniteSetSize(set):
+    """Get the size (cardinality) of a finite set.
+    >>> a = Const('a', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> FiniteSetSize(a)
+    set.size(a)
+    """
+    ctx = set.ctx
+    return ArithRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_size(ctx.ref(), set.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetSubset(s1, s2):
+    """Check if s1 is a subset of s2.
+    >>> a = Const('a', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> b = Const('b', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> FiniteSetSubset(a, b)
+    set.subset(a, b)
+    """
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([s1, s2])
+    return BoolRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_subset(ctx.ref(), s1.as_ast(), s2.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetMap(f, set):
+    """Apply function f to all elements of the finite set.
+    >>> f = Array('f', IntSort(), IntSort())
+    >>> a = Const('a', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> FiniteSetMap(f, a)
+    set.map(f, a)
+    """
+    if isinstance(f, FuncDeclRef):
+       f = AsArray(f)
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([f, set])
+    return FiniteSetRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_map(ctx.ref(), f.as_ast(), set.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetFilter(f, set):
+    """Filter a finite set using predicate f.
+    >>> f = Array('f', IntSort(), BoolSort())
+    >>> a = Const('a', FiniteSetSort(IntSort()))
+    >>> FiniteSetFilter(f, a)
+    set.filter(f, a)
+    """
+    if isinstance(f, FuncDeclRef):
+       f = AsArray(f)
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([f, set])
+    return FiniteSetRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_filter(ctx.ref(), f.as_ast(), set.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
+def FiniteSetRange(low, high):
+    """Create a finite set of integers in the range [low, high).
+    >>> FiniteSetRange(IntVal(0), IntVal(5))
+    set.range(0, 5)
+    """
+    ctx = _ctx_from_ast_arg_list([low, high])
+    return FiniteSetRef(Z3_mk_finite_set_range(ctx.ref(), low.as_ast(), high.as_ast()), ctx)
+
+
 #########################################
 #
 # Datatypes
@@ -5311,6 +5612,20 @@ class Datatype:
         """
         return CreateDatatypes([self])[0]
 
+    def create_polymorphic(self, type_params):
+        """Create a polymorphic Z3 datatype with explicit type variables.
+
+        `type_params` is a list of type variables created with `DeclareTypeVar`.
+        Constructor field sorts may reference these type variables.
+        Self-recursive fields may reference this datatype directly.
+
+        >>> A = DeclareTypeVar('A')
+        >>> Pair = Datatype('Pair')
+        >>> Pair.declare('pair', ('fst', A), ('snd', A))
+        >>> Pair = Pair.create_polymorphic([A])
+        """
+        return CreatePolymorphicDatatype(self, type_params)
+
 
 class ScopedConstructor:
     """Auxiliary object used to create Z3 datatypes."""
@@ -5432,6 +5747,76 @@ def CreateDatatypes(*ds):
     return tuple(result)
 
 
+def CreatePolymorphicDatatype(d, type_params):
+    """Create a single polymorphic Z3 datatype with explicit type parameters.
+
+    `d` is a `Datatype` helper object whose constructors have been declared.
+    `type_params` is a list of type variables created with `DeclareTypeVar`.
+    Constructor field sorts may reference these type variables, and self-recursive
+    fields may reference `d` directly.
+
+    >>> A = DeclareTypeVar('A')
+    >>> Pair = Datatype('Pair')
+    >>> Pair.declare('pair', ('fst', A), ('snd', A))
+    >>> Pair = CreatePolymorphicDatatype(Pair, [A])
+    """
+    if z3_debug():
+        _z3_assert(isinstance(d, Datatype), "Datatype expected")
+        _z3_assert(d.constructors != [], "Non-empty Datatype expected")
+    ctx = d.ctx
+    name = to_symbol(d.name, ctx)
+    num_params = len(type_params)
+    params_arr = (Sort * num_params)()
+    for i, p in enumerate(type_params):
+        if z3_debug():
+            _z3_assert(is_sort(p), "Z3 sort expected for type parameter")
+        params_arr[i] = p.ast
+    num_cs = len(d.constructors)
+    cs = (Constructor * num_cs)()
+    to_delete = []
+    for j in range(num_cs):
+        c = d.constructors[j]
+        cname = to_symbol(c[0], ctx)
+        rname = to_symbol(c[1], ctx)
+        fs = c[2]
+        num_fs = len(fs)
+        fnames = (Symbol * num_fs)()
+        sorts = (Sort * num_fs)()
+        refs = (ctypes.c_uint * num_fs)()
+        for k in range(num_fs):
+            fname = fs[k][0]
+            ftype = fs[k][1]
+            fnames[k] = to_symbol(fname, ctx)
+            if isinstance(ftype, Datatype):
+                if z3_debug():
+                    _z3_assert(ftype is d, "Only self-recursive references are supported in polymorphic datatypes. Use CreateDatatypes for mutually recursive datatypes.")
+                sorts[k] = None
+                refs[k] = 0
+            else:
+                if z3_debug():
+                    _z3_assert(is_sort(ftype), "Z3 sort expected")
+                sorts[k] = ftype.ast
+                refs[k] = 0
+        cs[j] = Z3_mk_constructor(ctx.ref(), cname, rname, num_fs, fnames, sorts, refs)
+        to_delete.append(ScopedConstructor(cs[j], ctx))
+    out = Z3_mk_polymorphic_datatype(ctx.ref(), name, num_params, params_arr, num_cs, cs)
+    dref = DatatypeSortRef(out, ctx)
+    num_cs_actual = dref.num_constructors()
+    for j in range(num_cs_actual):
+        cref = dref.constructor(j)
+        cref_name = cref.name()
+        cref_arity = cref.arity()
+        if cref_arity == 0:
+            cref = cref()
+        setattr(dref, cref_name, cref)
+        rref = dref.recognizer(j)
+        setattr(dref, "is_" + cref_name, rref)
+        for k in range(cref_arity):
+            aref = dref.accessor(j, k)
+            setattr(dref, aref.name(), aref)
+    return dref
+
+
 class DatatypeSortRef(SortRef):
     """Datatype sorts."""
 
@@ -6357,7 +6742,7 @@ class AstMap:
         >>> M[x]   = x + 1
         >>> M[x+x] = IntVal(1)
         >>> M.keys()
-        [x, x + x]
+        [x + x, x]
         """
         return AstVector(Z3_ast_map_keys(self.ctx.ref(), self.map), self.ctx)
 
@@ -6807,7 +7192,7 @@ class ModelRef(Z3PPObject):
         sat
         >>> m = s.model()
         >>> m.get_universe(A)
-        [A!val!1, A!val!0]
+        [A!val!0, A!val!1]
         """
         if z3_debug():
             _z3_assert(isinstance(s, SortRef), "Z3 sort expected")
@@ -7011,8 +7396,8 @@ class Statistics:
         >>> s.check()
         sat
         >>> st = s.statistics()
-        >>> len(st)
-        7
+        >>> len(st) > 0
+        True
         """
         return int(Z3_stats_size(self.ctx.ref(), self.stats))
 
@@ -7025,8 +7410,8 @@ class Statistics:
         >>> s.check()
         sat
         >>> st = s.statistics()
-        >>> len(st)
-        7
+        >>> len(st) > 0
+        True
         >>> st[0]
         ('nlsat propagations', 2)
         >>> st[1]
@@ -7515,7 +7900,7 @@ class Solver(Z3PPObject):
         cube are likely more useful to cube on."""
         return self.cube_vs
 
-    def root(self, t):
+    def congruence_root(self, t):
         """Retrieve congruence closure root of the term t relative to the current search state
         The function primarily works for SimpleSolver. Terms and variables that are
         eliminated during pre-processing are not visible to the congruence closure.
@@ -7523,7 +7908,7 @@ class Solver(Z3PPObject):
         t = _py2expr(t, self.ctx)
         return _to_expr_ref(Z3_solver_congruence_root(self.ctx.ref(), self.solver, t.ast), self.ctx)
 
-    def next(self, t):
+    def congruence_next(self, t):
         """Retrieve congruence closure sibling of the term t relative to the current search state
         The function primarily works for SimpleSolver. Terms and variables that are
         eliminated during pre-processing are not visible to the congruence closure.
@@ -7531,7 +7916,7 @@ class Solver(Z3PPObject):
         t = _py2expr(t, self.ctx)
         return _to_expr_ref(Z3_solver_congruence_next(self.ctx.ref(), self.solver, t.ast), self.ctx)
 
-    def explain_congruent(self, a, b):
+    def congruence_explain(self, a, b):
         """Explain congruence of a and b relative to the current search state"""
         a = _py2expr(a, self.ctx)
         b = _py2expr(b, self.ctx)
@@ -8201,8 +8586,11 @@ class Optimize(Z3PPObject):
         self._on_models_id = None
         Z3_optimize_inc_ref(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize)
 
+    def __copy__(self):
+        return self.translate(self.ctx)
+
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo={}):
-        return Optimize(self.optimize, self.ctx)
+        return self.translate(self.ctx)
 
     def __del__(self):
         if self.optimize is not None and self.ctx.ref() is not None and Z3_optimize_dec_ref is not None:
@@ -8410,6 +8798,19 @@ class Optimize(Z3PPObject):
         """
         return Statistics(Z3_optimize_get_statistics(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize), self.ctx)
 
+    def translate(self, target):
+        """Translate `self` to the context `target`. That is, return a copy of `self` in the context `target`.
+
+        >>> c1 = Context()
+        >>> c2 = Context()
+        >>> o1 = Optimize(ctx=c1)
+        >>> o2 = o1.translate(c2)
+        """
+        if z3_debug():
+            _z3_assert(isinstance(target, Context), "argument must be a Z3 context")
+        opt = Z3_optimize_translate(self.ctx.ref(), self.optimize, target.ref())
+        return Optimize(opt, target)
+
     def set_on_model(self, on_model):
         """Register a callback that is invoked with every incremental improvement to
         objective values. The callback takes a model as argument.
@@ -11651,6 +12052,14 @@ def Union(*args):
     sz = len(args)
     if z3_debug():
         _z3_assert(sz > 0, "At least one argument expected.")
+    arg0 = args[0]
+    if is_finite_set(arg0):
+        for a in args[1:]:
+            if not is_finite_set(a):
+                raise Z3Exception("All arguments must be regular expressions or finite sets.")
+            arg0 = arg0 | a
+        return arg0
+    if z3_debug():
         _z3_assert(all([is_re(a) for a in args]), "All arguments must be regular expressions.")
     if sz == 1:
         return args[0]
@@ -11669,6 +12078,14 @@ def Intersect(*args):
     sz = len(args)
     if z3_debug():
         _z3_assert(sz > 0, "At least one argument expected.")
+    arg0 = args[0]
+    if is_finite_set(arg0):
+        for a in args[1:]:
+            if not is_finite_set(a):
+                raise Z3Exception("All arguments must be regular expressions or finite sets.")
+            arg0 = arg0 & a
+        return arg0
+    if z3_debug():
         _z3_assert(all([is_re(a) for a in args]), "All arguments must be regular expressions.")
     if sz == 1:
         return args[0]
diff --git a/src/api/python/z3/z3printer.py b/src/api/python/z3/z3printer.py
index 29d3e0db14..ddcb7b1001 100644
--- a/src/api/python/z3/z3printer.py
+++ b/src/api/python/z3/z3printer.py
@@ -760,6 +760,8 @@ class Formatter:
             return seq1("Seq", (self.pp_sort(s.basis()), ))
         elif isinstance(s, z3.CharSortRef):
             return to_format("Char")
+        elif isinstance(s, z3.FiniteSetSortRef):
+            return seq1("FiniteSet", (self.pp_sort(s.element_sort()), ))
         else:
             return to_format(s.name())
 
diff --git a/src/api/python/z3/z3regex.py b/src/api/python/z3/z3regex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec2e9d66fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api/python/z3/z3regex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+############################################
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+#
+# Z3 Python regex translator
+#
+# Author: Z3 Contributors
+############################################
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    import sre_constants as _re_constants
+    import sre_parse as _re_parser
+else:
+    import re._constants as _re_constants
+    import re._parser as _re_parser
+
+from .z3 import *
+
+
+def _all_char(ctx=None):
+    return AllChar(ReSort(StringSort(ctx)))
+
+
+def _mk_union(parts):
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        return parts[0]
+    return Union(*parts)
+
+
+def _mk_concat(parts, ctx=None):
+    if len(parts) == 0:
+        return Re("", ctx)
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        return parts[0]
+    return Concat(*parts)
+
+
+def _category_re(cat, ctx=None):
+    digits = Range("0", "9", ctx=ctx)
+    spaces = Union(Re(" ", ctx), Re("\t", ctx), Re("\n", ctx), Re("\r", ctx), Re("\f", ctx), Re("\v", ctx))
+    word = Union(Range("a", "z", ctx=ctx), Range("A", "Z", ctx=ctx), digits, Re("_", ctx))
+    if cat == _re_constants.CATEGORY_DIGIT:
+        return digits
+    if cat == _re_constants.CATEGORY_NOT_DIGIT:
+        return Diff(_all_char(ctx), digits)
+    if cat == _re_constants.CATEGORY_SPACE:
+        return spaces
+    if cat == _re_constants.CATEGORY_NOT_SPACE:
+        return Diff(_all_char(ctx), spaces)
+    if cat == _re_constants.CATEGORY_WORD:
+        return word
+    if cat == _re_constants.CATEGORY_NOT_WORD:
+        return Diff(_all_char(ctx), word)
+    raise NotImplementedError(f"unsupported regex category: {cat}")
+
+
+def _translate_repeat(lo, hi, value, flags, ctx):
+    body = _translate_subpattern(value, flags, ctx)
+    if hi == _re_constants.MAXREPEAT:
+        if lo == 0:
+            return Star(body)
+        if lo == 1:
+            return Plus(body)
+        return Loop(body, lo)
+    if lo == 0 and hi == 1:
+        return Option(body)
+    return Loop(body, lo, hi)
+
+
+def _translate_in(charset, flags, ctx):
+    negate = len(charset) > 0 and charset[0][0] == _re_constants.NEGATE
+    if negate:
+        charset = charset[1:]
+    parts = [_translate_token(tok, flags, ctx) for tok in charset]
+    body = _mk_union(parts)
+    if negate:
+        body = Diff(_all_char(ctx), body)
+    return body
+
+
+def _translate_token(tok, flags, ctx):
+    op, value = tok
+    if op == _re_constants.LITERAL:
+        return Re(chr(value), ctx)
+    if op == _re_constants.NOT_LITERAL:
+        return Diff(_all_char(ctx), Re(chr(value), ctx))
+    if op == _re_constants.ANY:
+        if flags & re.DOTALL:
+            return _all_char(ctx)
+        return Diff(_all_char(ctx), Re("\n", ctx))
+    if op == _re_constants.RANGE:
+        return Range(chr(value[0]), chr(value[1]), ctx=ctx)
+    if op == _re_constants.CATEGORY:
+        return _category_re(value, ctx)
+    if op == _re_constants.IN:
+        return _translate_in(value, flags, ctx)
+    if op == _re_constants.BRANCH:
+        _, branches = value
+        return _mk_union([_translate_subpattern(branch, flags, ctx) for branch in branches])
+    if op == _re_constants.SUBPATTERN:
+        return _translate_subpattern(value[-1], flags, ctx)
+    if op == _re_constants.MAX_REPEAT or op == _re_constants.MIN_REPEAT:
+        lo, hi, body = value
+        return _translate_repeat(lo, hi, body, flags, ctx)
+    if op == _re_constants.AT:
+        if value in (_re_constants.AT_BEGINNING, _re_constants.AT_BEGINNING_STRING, _re_constants.AT_END, _re_constants.AT_END_STRING):
+            return Re("", ctx)
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"unsupported regex anchor: {value}")
+    raise NotImplementedError(f"unsupported regex construct: {tok}")
+
+
+def _translate_subpattern(parsed, flags, ctx):
+    parts = [_translate_token(tok, flags, ctx) for tok in parsed]
+    return _mk_concat(parts, ctx)
+
+
+def regex_to_re(pattern, flags=0, ctx=None):
+    """Translate a Python regular expression to a Z3 regular expression.
+
+    Unsupported non-regular features (for example, look-arounds and backreferences)
+    raise ``NotImplementedError``.
+
+    >>> re_a = regex_to_re("a+")
+    >>> simplify(InRe("aaa", re_a))
+    True
+    >>> simplify(InRe("bbb", regex_to_re("a|b+")))
+    True
+    >>> simplify(InRe("x", regex_to_re("[a-z]")))
+    True
+    >>> simplify(InRe("X", regex_to_re("[a-z]")))
+    False
+    """
+    if isinstance(pattern, re.Pattern):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("flags cannot be provided when pattern is a compiled regex")
+        flags = pattern.flags
+        pattern = pattern.pattern
+    if not isinstance(pattern, str):
+        raise TypeError("pattern must be a string or compiled regex pattern")
+    parsed = _re_parser.parse(pattern, flags)
+    return _translate_subpattern(parsed, flags, ctx)
+
+
+def fullmatch_in_re(s, pattern, flags=0, ctx=None):
+    """Convenience helper that checks sequence membership in a translated regex.
+
+    >>> simplify(fullmatch_in_re("abc", "a.c"))
+    True
+    >>> simplify(fullmatch_in_re("abc", "a\\.c"))
+    False
+    """
+    return InRe(s, regex_to_re(pattern, flags=flags, ctx=ctx))
+
diff --git a/src/api/python/z3/z3util.py b/src/api/python/z3/z3util.py
index b60038f2f6..993abef587 100644
--- a/src/api/python/z3/z3util.py
+++ b/src/api/python/z3/z3util.py
@@ -78,7 +78,8 @@ def ehash(v):
 
     """
     if z3_debug():
-        assert is_expr(v)
+        if not is_expr(v):
+            raise ValueError(f"ehash expects a Z3 expression, got {type(v)}")
 
     return "{}_{}_{}".format(str(v), v.hash(), v.sort_kind())
 
diff --git a/src/api/python/z3test.py b/src/api/python/z3test.py
index 4554657e44..dfcef6cbc2 100644
--- a/src/api/python/z3test.py
+++ b/src/api/python/z3test.py
@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ if len(sys.argv) < 2 or sys.argv[1] == 'z3':
     r = doctest.testmod(z3.z3)
 elif sys.argv[1] == 'z3num':
     r = doctest.testmod(z3.z3num)
+elif sys.argv[1] == 'z3regex':
+    r = doctest.testmod(z3.z3regex)
 else:
-    print('Usage: z3test.py (z3 | z3num)')
+    print('Usage: z3test.py (z3 | z3num | z3regex)')
     sys.exit(1)
 
 if r.failed != 0:
     sys.exit(1)
-
diff --git a/src/api/z3_api.h b/src/api/z3_api.h
index 141c32e5ae..89810df0b4 100644
--- a/src/api/z3_api.h
+++ b/src/api/z3_api.h
@@ -980,6 +980,32 @@ typedef enum
             3 = 011 = Z3_OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_NEGATIVE,
             4 = 100 = Z3_OP_FPA_RM_TOWARD_ZERO.
 
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY: Empty finite set.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON: Finite set containing a single element.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_UNION: Union of two finite sets.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT: Intersection of two finite sets.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE: Difference of two finite sets.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_IN: Membership predicate for finite sets.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE: Cardinality of a finite set.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET: Subset predicate for finite sets.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_MAP: Map operation on finite sets.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER: Filter operation on finite sets.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE: Range operation for finite sets of integers.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_EXT: Finite set extensionality. Returns a witness element that is in one set but not the other, demonstrating that two sets are different.
+
+   - Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE: Inverse image under a finite set map operation. Related to reasoning about the pre-image of elements under set mappings.
+
    - Z3_OP_INTERNAL: internal (often interpreted) symbol, but no additional
         information is exposed. Tools may use the string representation of the
         function declaration to obtain more information.
@@ -1313,6 +1339,21 @@ typedef enum {
     Z3_OP_FPA_BVWRAP,
     Z3_OP_FPA_BV2RM,
 
+    // Finite Sets
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY = 0xc000,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_UNION,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_IN,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_MAP,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_EXT,
+    Z3_OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE,
+
     Z3_OP_INTERNAL,
     Z3_OP_RECURSIVE,
 
@@ -3413,6 +3454,107 @@ extern "C" {
     Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_array_ext(Z3_context c, Z3_ast arg1, Z3_ast arg2);
     /**@}*/
 
+    /** @name Finite Sets */
+    /**@{*/
+    /**
+       \brief Create a finite set sort.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_sort', SORT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(SORT)))
+    */
+    Z3_sort Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_sort(Z3_context c, Z3_sort elem_sort);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Check if a sort is a finite set sort.
+
+       def_API('Z3_is_finite_set_sort', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(SORT)))
+    */
+    bool Z3_API Z3_is_finite_set_sort(Z3_context c, Z3_sort s);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Get the element sort of a finite set sort.
+
+       def_API('Z3_get_finite_set_sort_basis', SORT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(SORT)))
+    */
+    Z3_sort Z3_API Z3_get_finite_set_sort_basis(Z3_context c, Z3_sort s);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Create an empty finite set of the given sort.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_empty', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(SORT)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_empty(Z3_context c, Z3_sort set_sort);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Create a singleton finite set.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_singleton', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_singleton(Z3_context c, Z3_ast elem);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Create the union of two finite sets.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_union', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_union(Z3_context c, Z3_ast s1, Z3_ast s2);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Create the intersection of two finite sets.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_intersect', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_intersect(Z3_context c, Z3_ast s1, Z3_ast s2);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Create the set difference of two finite sets.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_difference', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_difference(Z3_context c, Z3_ast s1, Z3_ast s2);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Check if an element is a member of a finite set.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_member', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_member(Z3_context c, Z3_ast elem, Z3_ast set);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Get the size (cardinality) of a finite set.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_size', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_size(Z3_context c, Z3_ast set);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Check if one finite set is a subset of another.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_subset', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_subset(Z3_context c, Z3_ast s1, Z3_ast s2);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Apply a function to all elements of a finite set.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_map', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_map(Z3_context c, Z3_ast f, Z3_ast set);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Filter a finite set using a predicate.
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_filter', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_filter(Z3_context c, Z3_ast f, Z3_ast set);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Create a finite set of integers in the range [low, high].
+
+       def_API('Z3_mk_finite_set_range', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_mk_finite_set_range(Z3_context c, Z3_ast low, Z3_ast high);
+    /**@}*/
+
     /** @name Numerals */
     /**@{*/
     /**
@@ -7514,7 +7656,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
     /**
        \brief Convert a solver into a DIMACS formatted string.
-       \sa Z3_goal_to_diamcs_string for requirements.
+       \sa Z3_goal_to_dimacs_string for requirements.
 
        def_API('Z3_solver_to_dimacs_string', STRING, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(SOLVER), _in(BOOL)))
     */
diff --git a/src/api/z3_replayer.cpp b/src/api/z3_replayer.cpp
index f044cb1421..a8315b073b 100644
--- a/src/api/z3_replayer.cpp
+++ b/src/api/z3_replayer.cpp
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ struct z3_replayer::imp {
 
     Z3_symbol get_symbol(unsigned pos) const {
         check_arg(pos, SYMBOL);
-        return (Z3_symbol)m_args[pos].m_sym;
+        return (Z3_symbol)const_cast<void*>(m_args[pos].m_sym);
     }
 
     void * get_obj(unsigned pos) const {
diff --git a/src/ast/CMakeLists.txt b/src/ast/CMakeLists.txt
index 7a4a03a27a..6a50c3b055 100644
--- a/src/ast/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/ast/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ z3_add_component(ast
     expr_map.cpp
     expr_stat.cpp
     expr_substitution.cpp
+    finite_set_decl_plugin.cpp
     for_each_ast.cpp
     for_each_expr.cpp
     format.cpp
diff --git a/src/ast/act_cache.cpp b/src/ast/act_cache.cpp
index 223ad2406b..dbebb9ee11 100644
--- a/src/ast/act_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/act_cache.cpp
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ void act_cache::insert(expr * k, unsigned offset, expr * v) {
         DEBUG_CODE(expected_tag = 0;); 
     }
     DEBUG_CODE({
-        expr * v2;
+        expr * v2 = nullptr;
         SASSERT(m_table.find(e, v2));
         SASSERT(v == UNTAG(expr*, v2));
         SASSERT(expected_tag == GET_TAG(v2));
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ expr * act_cache::find(expr * k, unsigned offset) {
         SASSERT(m_unused > 0);
         m_unused--;
         DEBUG_CODE({
-            expr * v;
+            expr * v = nullptr;
             SASSERT(m_table.find(e, v));
             SASSERT(GET_TAG(v) == 1);
         });
diff --git a/src/ast/arith_decl_plugin.h b/src/ast/arith_decl_plugin.h
index 5172226aee..cfad378a17 100644
--- a/src/ast/arith_decl_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/arith_decl_plugin.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class sexpr;
 namespace algebraic_numbers {
     class anum;
     class manager;
-};
+}
 
 enum arith_sort_kind {
     REAL_SORT,
diff --git a/src/ast/array_decl_plugin.cpp b/src/ast/array_decl_plugin.cpp
index 7da4702217..b519729345 100644
--- a/src/ast/array_decl_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/array_decl_plugin.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ array_decl_plugin::array_decl_plugin():
     m_set_complement_sym("complement"),
     m_set_subset_sym("subset"),
     m_array_ext_sym("array-ext"),
-    m_as_array_sym("as-array") {
+    m_as_array_sym("as-array"),
+    m_choice_sym("choice") {
 }
 
 #define ARRAY_SORT_STR "Array"
@@ -433,6 +434,20 @@ func_decl * array_decl_plugin::mk_as_array(func_decl * f) {
     return m_manager->mk_const_decl(m_as_array_sym, s, info);
 }
 
+func_decl* array_decl_plugin::mk_choice(unsigned arity, sort* const* domain) {
+    if (arity != 1) {
+        m_manager->raise_exception("choice takes one argument");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    sort* s = domain[0];
+    if (!is_array_sort(s) || get_array_arity(s) != 1 || !m_manager->is_bool(get_array_range(s))) {
+        m_manager->raise_exception("choice expects an argument with sort (Array T Bool)");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return m_manager->mk_func_decl(m_choice_sym, arity, domain, get_array_domain(s, 0),
+                                   func_decl_info(m_family_id, OP_CHOICE));
+}
+
 
 func_decl * array_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters, 
                                             unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range) {
@@ -501,6 +516,8 @@ func_decl * array_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters
         func_decl * f = to_func_decl(parameters[0].get_ast());
         return mk_as_array(f);
     }
+    case OP_CHOICE:
+        return mk_choice(arity, domain);
     default: return nullptr;
     }
 }
@@ -529,6 +546,7 @@ void array_decl_plugin::get_op_names(svector<builtin_name>& op_names, symbol con
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("complement",OP_SET_COMPLEMENT));
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("subset",OP_SET_SUBSET));
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("as-array", OP_AS_ARRAY));
+        op_names.push_back(builtin_name("choice", OP_CHOICE));
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("array-ext", OP_ARRAY_EXT));
 
 #if 0
@@ -655,4 +673,3 @@ func_decl* array_util::mk_array_ext(sort *domain, unsigned i) {
     parameter p(i);
     return m_manager.mk_func_decl(m_fid, OP_ARRAY_EXT, 1, &p, 2, domains);
 }
-
diff --git a/src/ast/array_decl_plugin.h b/src/ast/array_decl_plugin.h
index 36403f3caa..0c4983eec2 100644
--- a/src/ast/array_decl_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/array_decl_plugin.h
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ enum array_op_kind {
     OP_SET_COMPLEMENT,
     OP_SET_SUBSET,
     OP_AS_ARRAY, // used for model construction
+    OP_CHOICE,
     LAST_ARRAY_OP
 };
 
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ class array_decl_plugin : public decl_plugin {
     symbol m_set_subset_sym;
     symbol m_array_ext_sym;
     symbol m_as_array_sym;
+    symbol m_choice_sym;
 
     bool check_set_arguments(unsigned arity, sort * const * domain);
 
@@ -106,6 +108,8 @@ class array_decl_plugin : public decl_plugin {
 
     func_decl * mk_as_array(func_decl * f);
 
+    func_decl * mk_choice(unsigned arity, sort* const* domain);
+
     bool is_array_sort(sort* s) const;
  public:
     array_decl_plugin();
@@ -164,6 +168,7 @@ public:
     bool is_difference(expr* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_SET_DIFFERENCE); }
     bool is_complement(expr* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_SET_COMPLEMENT); }
     bool is_as_array(expr * n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_AS_ARRAY); }
+    bool is_choice(expr* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_CHOICE); }
     bool is_as_array(expr * n, func_decl*& f) const { return is_as_array(n) && (f = get_as_array_func_decl(n), true); }
     bool is_select(func_decl* f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_fid, OP_SELECT); }
     bool is_store(func_decl* f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_fid, OP_STORE); }
@@ -172,6 +177,7 @@ public:
     bool is_union(func_decl* f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_fid, OP_SET_UNION); }
     bool is_intersect(func_decl* f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_fid, OP_SET_INTERSECT); }
     bool is_as_array(func_decl* f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_fid, OP_AS_ARRAY); }
+    bool is_choice(func_decl* f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_fid, OP_CHOICE); }
     bool is_default(func_decl* f) const { return is_decl_of(f, m_fid, OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT); }
     bool is_default(expr* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT); }
     bool is_subset(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_SET_SUBSET); }
@@ -308,6 +314,10 @@ public:
         return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_AS_ARRAY, 1, &param, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
     }
 
+    app* mk_choice(expr* p) const {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_CHOICE, p);
+    }
+
     sort* get_array_range_rec(sort* s) {
         while (is_array(s)) {
             s = get_array_range(s);
@@ -317,5 +327,3 @@ public:
 
 };
 
-
-
diff --git a/src/ast/ast.cpp b/src/ast/ast.cpp
index 1583fb4ec8..b0fa217d62 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 /*++
 Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation
 
@@ -241,21 +242,14 @@ func_decl_info::func_decl_info(family_id family_id, decl_kind k, unsigned num_pa
     m_injective(false),
     m_idempotent(false),
     m_skolem(false),
-    m_lambda(false),
     m_polymorphic(false) {
 }
 
 bool func_decl_info::operator==(func_decl_info const & info) const {
-    return decl_info::operator==(info) &&
-        m_left_assoc == info.m_left_assoc &&
-        m_right_assoc == info.m_right_assoc &&
-        m_flat_associative == info.m_flat_associative &&
-        m_commutative == info.m_commutative &&
-        m_chainable == info.m_chainable &&
-        m_pairwise == info.m_pairwise &&
-        m_injective == info.m_injective &&
-        m_skolem == info.m_skolem &&
-        m_lambda == info.m_lambda;
+    return decl_info::operator==(info) && m_left_assoc == info.m_left_assoc && m_right_assoc == info.m_right_assoc &&
+           m_flat_associative == info.m_flat_associative && m_commutative == info.m_commutative &&
+           m_chainable == info.m_chainable && m_pairwise == info.m_pairwise && m_injective == info.m_injective &&
+           m_skolem == info.m_skolem;
 }
 
 std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, func_decl_info const & info) {
@@ -269,7 +263,6 @@ std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, func_decl_info const & info) {
     if (info.is_injective()) out << " :injective ";
     if (info.is_idempotent()) out << " :idempotent ";
     if (info.is_skolem()) out << " :skolem ";
-    if (info.is_lambda()) out << " :lambda ";
     if (info.is_polymorphic()) out << " :polymorphic ";
     return out;
 }
@@ -1624,19 +1617,6 @@ bool ast_manager::are_distinct(expr* a, expr* b) const {
     return false;
 }
 
-void ast_manager::add_lambda_def(func_decl* f, quantifier* q) {
-    TRACE(model, tout << "add lambda def " << mk_pp(q, *this) << "\n");
-    m_lambda_defs.insert(f, q);
-    f->get_info()->set_lambda(true);
-    inc_ref(q);
-}
-
-quantifier* ast_manager::is_lambda_def(func_decl* f) {
-    if (f->get_info() && f->get_info()->is_lambda()) 
-        return m_lambda_defs[f];
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
 
 void ast_manager::register_plugin(family_id id, decl_plugin * plugin) {
     SASSERT(m_plugins.get(id, 0) == 0);
@@ -1708,9 +1688,8 @@ ast * ast_manager::register_node_core(ast * n) {
 
     n->m_id = is_decl(n) ? m_decl_id_gen.mk() : m_expr_id_gen.mk();        
 
-  //  track_id(*this, n, 9213);
-    
-//    TRACE(ast, tout << (s_count++) << " Object " << n->m_id << " was created.\n";);
+
+        //    TRACE(ast, tout << (s_count++) << " Object " << n->m_id << " was created.\n";);
     TRACE(mk_var_bug, tout << "mk_ast: " << n->m_id << "\n";);
     // increment reference counters
     switch (n->get_kind()) {
@@ -1832,10 +1811,6 @@ void ast_manager::delete_node(ast * n) {
                 m_poly_roots.erase(f);
             if (f->m_info != nullptr) {
                 func_decl_info * info = f->get_info();
-                if (info->is_lambda()) {
-                    push_dec_ref(m_lambda_defs[f]);
-                    m_lambda_defs.remove(f);
-                }
                 info->del_eh(*this);
                 dealloc(info);
             }
@@ -2919,7 +2894,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_transitivity(unsigned num_proofs, proof * const * proofs
         }
     });
     ptr_buffer<expr> args;
-    args.append(num_proofs, (expr**) proofs);
+    args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *) proofs);
     args.push_back(mk_eq(n1,n2));
     return mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_TRANSITIVITY_STAR, args.size(), args.data());
 }
@@ -2928,7 +2903,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_monotonicity(func_decl * R, app * f1, app * f2, unsigned
     SASSERT(f1->get_num_args() == f2->get_num_args());
     SASSERT(f1->get_decl() == f2->get_decl());
     ptr_buffer<expr> args;
-    args.append(num_proofs, (expr**) proofs);
+    args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *) proofs);
     args.push_back(mk_app(R, f1, f2));
     proof* p = mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_MONOTONICITY, args.size(), args.data());
     return p;
@@ -2990,7 +2965,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_rewrite_star(expr * s, expr * t, unsigned num_proofs, pr
     if (proofs_disabled())
         return nullptr;
     ptr_buffer<expr> args;
-    args.append(num_proofs, (expr**) proofs);
+    args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *) proofs);
     args.push_back(mk_eq(s, t));
     return mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_REWRITE_STAR, args.size(), args.data());
 }
@@ -3080,7 +3055,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_unit_resolution(unsigned num_proofs, proof * const * pro
     }
 
     if (!found_complement) {
-        args.append(num_proofs, (expr**)proofs);
+        args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *)proofs);
         CTRACE(mk_unit_resolution_bug, !is_or(f1), tout << mk_ll_pp(f1, *this) << "\n";
                for (unsigned i = 1; i < num_proofs; ++i)
                    tout << mk_pp(proofs[i], *this) << "\n";
@@ -3150,7 +3125,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_unit_resolution(unsigned num_proofs, proof * const * pro
           tout << mk_pp(new_fact, *this) << "\n";);
 
     ptr_buffer<expr> args;
-    args.append(num_proofs, (expr**) proofs);
+    args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *) proofs);
     args.push_back(new_fact);
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
     expr * f1 = get_fact(proofs[0]);
@@ -3216,7 +3191,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_apply_defs(expr * n, expr * def, unsigned num_proofs, pr
     if (proofs_disabled())
         return nullptr;
     ptr_buffer<expr> args;
-    args.append(num_proofs, (expr**) proofs);
+    args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *) proofs);
     args.push_back(mk_oeq(n, def));
     return mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_APPLY_DEF, args.size(), args.data());
 }
@@ -3250,7 +3225,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_nnf_pos(expr * s, expr * t, unsigned num_proofs, proof *
         return nullptr;
     check_nnf_proof_parents(num_proofs, proofs);
     ptr_buffer<expr> args;
-    args.append(num_proofs, (expr**) proofs);
+    args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *) proofs);
     args.push_back(mk_oeq(s, t));
     return mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_NNF_POS, args.size(), args.data());
 }
@@ -3260,7 +3235,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_nnf_neg(expr * s, expr * t, unsigned num_proofs, proof *
         return nullptr;
     check_nnf_proof_parents(num_proofs, proofs);
     ptr_buffer<expr> args;
-    args.append(num_proofs, (expr**) proofs);
+    args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *) proofs);
     args.push_back(mk_oeq(mk_not(s), t));
     return mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_NNF_NEG, args.size(), args.data());
 }
@@ -3330,7 +3305,7 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_redundant_del(expr* e) {
 
 proof * ast_manager::mk_clause_trail(unsigned n, expr* const* ps) {    
     ptr_buffer<expr> args;
-    args.append(n, (expr**) ps);
+    args.append(n, (expr* const *) ps);
     return mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_CLAUSE_TRAIL, 0, nullptr, args.size(), args.data());
 }
 
@@ -3343,15 +3318,14 @@ proof * ast_manager::mk_th_lemma(
     if (proofs_disabled())
         return nullptr;
 
-    ptr_buffer<expr> args;
     vector<parameter> parameters;
     parameters.push_back(parameter(get_family_name(tid)));
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_params; ++i) {
-        parameters.push_back(params[i]);
-    }
-    args.append(num_proofs, (expr**) proofs);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_params; ++i) 
+        parameters.push_back(params[i]);        
+    ptr_buffer<expr> args;
+    args.append(num_proofs, (expr* const *) proofs);
     args.push_back(fact);
-    return mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_TH_LEMMA, num_params+1, parameters.data(), args.size(), args.data());
+    return mk_app(basic_family_id, PR_TH_LEMMA, parameters.size(), parameters.data(), args.size(), args.data());
 }
 
 proof* ast_manager::mk_hyper_resolve(unsigned num_premises, proof* const* premises, expr* concl,
diff --git a/src/ast/ast.h b/src/ast/ast.h
index 7fc86070d8..03713ee4b8 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast.h
+++ b/src/ast/ast.h
@@ -404,7 +404,6 @@ struct func_decl_info : public decl_info {
     bool m_injective:1;
     bool m_idempotent:1;
     bool m_skolem:1;
-    bool m_lambda:1;
     bool m_polymorphic:1;
 
     func_decl_info(family_id family_id = null_family_id, decl_kind k = null_decl_kind, unsigned num_parameters = 0, parameter const * parameters = nullptr);
@@ -419,7 +418,6 @@ struct func_decl_info : public decl_info {
     bool is_injective() const { return m_injective; }
     bool is_idempotent() const { return m_idempotent; }
     bool is_skolem() const { return m_skolem; }
-    bool is_lambda() const { return m_lambda; }
     bool is_polymorphic() const { return m_polymorphic; }
 
     void set_associative(bool flag = true) { m_left_assoc = flag; m_right_assoc = flag; }
@@ -432,7 +430,6 @@ struct func_decl_info : public decl_info {
     void set_injective(bool flag = true) { m_injective = flag; }
     void set_idempotent(bool flag = true) { m_idempotent = flag; }
     void set_skolem(bool flag = true) { m_skolem = flag; }
-    void set_lambda(bool flag = true) { m_lambda = flag; }
     void set_polymorphic(bool flag = true) { m_polymorphic = flag; }
 
     bool operator==(func_decl_info const & info) const;
@@ -661,7 +658,6 @@ public:
     bool is_pairwise() const { return get_info() != nullptr && get_info()->is_pairwise(); }
     bool is_injective() const { return get_info() != nullptr && get_info()->is_injective(); }
     bool is_skolem() const { return get_info() != nullptr && get_info()->is_skolem(); }
-    bool is_lambda() const { return get_info() != nullptr && get_info()->is_lambda(); }
     bool is_idempotent() const { return get_info() != nullptr && get_info()->is_idempotent(); }
     bool is_polymorphic() const { return get_info() != nullptr && get_info()->is_polymorphic(); }
     unsigned get_arity() const { return m_arity; }
@@ -857,7 +853,8 @@ public:
 enum quantifier_kind {
     forall_k,
     exists_k,
-    lambda_k
+    lambda_k,
+    choice_k
 };
 
 class quantifier : public expr {
@@ -1512,7 +1509,6 @@ protected:
     proof_gen_mode            m_proof_mode;
     bool                      m_int_real_coercions; // If true, use hack that automatically introduces to_int/to_real when needed.
     ast_table                 m_ast_table;
-    obj_map<func_decl, quantifier*> m_lambda_defs;
     id_gen                    m_expr_id_gen;
     id_gen                    m_decl_id_gen;
     sort *                    m_bool_sort;
@@ -1642,15 +1638,7 @@ public:
     bool are_distinct(expr * a, expr * b) const;
 
     bool contains(ast * a) const { return m_ast_table.contains(a); }
-    
-    bool is_lambda_def(quantifier* q) const { return q->get_qid() == m_lambda_def; }
-    void add_lambda_def(func_decl* f, quantifier* q);
-    quantifier* is_lambda_def(func_decl* f);
-    quantifier* is_lambda_def(app* e) { return is_lambda_def(e->get_decl()); }
-    obj_map<func_decl, quantifier*> const& lambda_defs() const { return m_lambda_defs; }
-
-    symbol const& lambda_def_qid() const { return m_lambda_def; }
-
+   
     unsigned get_num_asts() const { return m_ast_table.size(); }
 
     void debug_ref_count() { m_debug_ref_count = true; }
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_ll_pp.cpp b/src/ast/ast_ll_pp.cpp
index 301d23b055..10a08f2d5f 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_ll_pp.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast_ll_pp.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast/for_each_ast.h"
 #include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/ast_smt2_pp.h"
 
 // #define AST_LL_PP_SHOW_FAMILY_NAME
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ class ll_printer {
     }
 
     void display_name(func_decl * decl) {
-        m_out << decl->get_name();
+        m_out << ensure_quote(decl->get_name());
     }
 
     bool process_numeral(expr * n) {
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_lt.cpp b/src/ast/ast_lt.cpp
index cab7c5b537..48c60085f9 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_lt.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast_lt.cpp
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ Revision History:
 --*/
 #include "ast/ast.h"
 
-#define check_symbol(S1,S2) if (S1 != S2) return lt(S1,S2)
-#define check_value(V1,V2) if (V1 != V2) return V1 < V2
-#define check_bool(B1,B2) if (B1 != B2) return !B1 && B2
-#define check_ptr(P1,P2) if (!P1 && P2) return true; if (P1 && !P2) return false
-#define check_ast(T1,T2) if (T1 != T2) { n1 = T1; n2 = T2; goto start; }
-#define check_zstring(S1, S2) if (S1 != S2) return S1 < S2
+#define check_symbol(S1,S2) if ((S1) != (S2)) return lt((S1),(S2))
+#define check_value(V1,V2) if ((V1) != (V2)) return (V1) < (V2)
+#define check_bool(B1,B2) if ((B1) != (B2)) return !(B1) && (B2)
+#define check_ptr(P1,P2) if (!(P1) && (P2)) return true; if ((P1) && !(P2)) return false
+#define check_ast(T1,T2) if ((T1) != (T2)) { n1 = (T1); n2 = (T2); goto start; }
+#define check_zstring(S1, S2) if ((S1) != (S2)) return (S1) < (S2)
 
 #define check_parameter(p1, p2) {                               \
     check_value(p1.get_kind(), p2.get_kind());                  \
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_pp_dot.cpp b/src/ast/ast_pp_dot.cpp
index 3dae0492ca..c323a0366d 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_pp_dot.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast_pp_dot.cpp
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ private:
     inline ast_manager & m() const { return m_manager; }
 
     // label for an expression
-    std::string label_of_expr(const expr * e) const {
-        expr_ref er((expr*)e, m());
+    std::string label_of_expr(const expr *e) const {
+        expr_ref er(const_cast<expr *>(e), m());
         std::ostringstream out;
         out << er << std::flush;
         return escape_dot(out.str());
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ private:
 
     void pp_atomic_step(const expr * e) {
         unsigned id = get_id(e);
-        m_out << "node_" << id << " [shape=box,color=\"yellow\",style=\"filled\",label=\"" << label_of_expr(e) << "\"] ;" << std::endl;
+        m_out << "node_" << id << " [shape=box,color=\"yellow\",style=\"filled\",label=\"" << label_of_expr(e) << "\"] ;" << '\n';
     }
     
     void pp_step(const proof * p) {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ private:
                 m_first ? (m_first=false,"color=\"red\"") : num_parents==0 ? "color=\"yellow\"": "";
             m_out << "node_" << id <<
                 " [shape=box,style=\"filled\",label=\"" << label_of_expr(p_res) << "\""
-                << color << "]" << std::endl;
+                << color << "]" << '\n';
             // now print edges to parents (except last one, which is the result)
             std::string label = p->get_decl()->get_name().str();
             for (unsigned i = 0 ; i < num_parents; ++i) {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ private:
                 // explore parent, also print a link to it
                 push_term(to_app(parent));
                 m_out << "node_" << id << " -> " << "node_" << get_id((expr*)parent)
-                    << "[label=\"" << label << "\"];" << std::endl;;
+                    << "[label=\"" << label << "\"];" << '\n';
             }
         } else {
             pp_atomic_step(p);
@@ -120,11 +120,11 @@ private:
 
 // main printer
 std::ostream & ast_pp_dot::pp(std::ostream & out) const {
-    out << "digraph proof { " << std::endl;
+    out << "digraph proof { " << '\n';
     ast_pp_dot_st pp_st(this, out);
     pp_st.push_term(m_pr);
     pp_st.pp_loop();
-    out << std::endl << " } " << std::endl << std::flush;
+    out << '\n' << " } " << '\n' << std::flush;
     return out;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_pp_util.cpp b/src/ast/ast_pp_util.cpp
index 2b7e72a919..d02956557d 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_pp_util.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast_pp_util.cpp
@@ -36,9 +36,14 @@ void ast_pp_util::collect(expr_ref_vector const& es) {
 }
 
 void ast_pp_util::display_decls(std::ostream& out) {
+    unsigned n = coll.get_type_vars().size();
+    for (unsigned i = m_type_vars; i < n; ++i)
+        out << "(declare-type-var " << coll.get_type_vars()[i]->get_name() << ")\n";
+    m_type_vars = n;
+
     ast_smt_pp pp(m);
     coll.order_deps(m_sorts);
-    unsigned n = coll.get_num_sorts();
+    n = coll.get_num_sorts();
     ast_mark seen;
     for (unsigned i = m_sorts; i < n; ++i) 
         pp.display_sort_decl(out, coll.get_sorts()[i], seen);
@@ -68,6 +73,7 @@ void ast_pp_util::reset() {
     coll.reset();
     m_removed.reset();
     m_sorts.clear(0u);
+    m_type_vars.clear(0u);
     m_decls.clear(0u);
     m_rec_decls.clear(0u); 
     m_is_defined.reset();
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ void ast_pp_util::push() {
     m_rec_decls.push();
     m_decls.push();
     m_sorts.push();
+    m_type_vars.push();
     m_defined_lim.push_back(m_defined.size());
 }
 
@@ -148,6 +155,7 @@ void ast_pp_util::pop(unsigned n) {
     m_rec_decls.pop(n);
     m_decls.pop(n);
     m_sorts.pop(n);
+    m_type_vars.pop(n);
     unsigned old_sz = m_defined_lim[m_defined_lim.size() - n];
     for (unsigned i = m_defined.size(); i-- > old_sz; ) 
         m_is_defined.mark(m_defined.get(i), false);
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_pp_util.h b/src/ast/ast_pp_util.h
index 9dbfec6afb..d1b91c1cf0 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_pp_util.h
+++ b/src/ast/ast_pp_util.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class ast_pp_util {
     stacked_value<unsigned> m_rec_decls;
     stacked_value<unsigned> m_decls;
     stacked_value<unsigned> m_sorts;
+    stacked_value<unsigned> m_type_vars;
     expr_mark               m_is_defined;
     expr_ref_vector         m_defined;
     unsigned_vector         m_defined_lim;
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class ast_pp_util {
 
     decl_collector      coll;
     
-    ast_pp_util(ast_manager& m): m(m), m_env(m), m_rec_decls(0), m_decls(0), m_sorts(0), m_defined(m), coll(m) {}
+    ast_pp_util(ast_manager& m): m(m), m_env(m), m_rec_decls(0), m_decls(0), m_sorts(0), m_type_vars(0), m_defined(m), coll(m) {}
 
     void reset();
 
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.cpp b/src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.cpp
index d601635be1..70c1bb525c 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.cpp
@@ -437,6 +437,11 @@ format_ns::format * smt2_pp_environment::pp_sort(sort * s) {
         fs.push_back(pp_sort(to_sort(s->get_parameter(0).get_ast())));
         return mk_seq1(m, fs.begin(), fs.end(), f2f(), get_sutil().is_seq(s)?"Seq":"RegEx");
     }
+    if ((get_fsutil().is_finite_set(s))) {
+        ptr_buffer<format> fs;
+        fs.push_back(pp_sort(to_sort(s->get_parameter(0).get_ast())));
+        return mk_seq1(m, fs.begin(), fs.end(), f2f(), "FiniteSet");
+    }   
     std::string name = ensure_quote(s->get_name());
     
     if (get_dtutil().is_datatype(s)) {
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.h b/src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.h
index 64ea2aec9b..85e8e4a9ab 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.h
+++ b/src/ast/ast_smt2_pp.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast/dl_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/ast_smt_pp.h"
 #include "util/smt2_util.h"
 
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ public:
     virtual array_util & get_arutil() = 0;
     virtual fpa_util & get_futil() = 0;
     virtual seq_util & get_sutil() = 0;
+    virtual finite_set_util &get_fsutil() = 0;
     virtual datalog::dl_decl_util& get_dlutil() = 0;
     virtual datatype_util& get_dtutil() = 0;
     virtual bool uses(symbol const & s) const = 0; 
@@ -80,9 +82,12 @@ class smt2_pp_environment_dbg : public smt2_pp_environment {
     fpa_util      m_futil;
     seq_util      m_sutil;
     datatype_util m_dtutil;
+    finite_set_util m_fsutil;
     datalog::dl_decl_util m_dlutil;
 public:
-    smt2_pp_environment_dbg(ast_manager & m):m_manager(m), m_autil(m), m_bvutil(m), m_arutil(m), m_futil(m), m_sutil(m), m_dtutil(m), m_dlutil(m) {}
+    smt2_pp_environment_dbg(ast_manager &m)
+        : m_manager(m), m_autil(m), m_bvutil(m), m_arutil(m), m_futil(m), m_sutil(m), m_dtutil(m), m_fsutil(m),
+          m_dlutil(m) {}
     ast_manager & get_manager() const override { return m_manager; }
     arith_util & get_autil() override { return m_autil; }
     bv_util & get_bvutil() override { return m_bvutil; }
@@ -91,6 +96,7 @@ public:
     fpa_util & get_futil() override { return m_futil; }
     datalog::dl_decl_util& get_dlutil() override { return m_dlutil; }
     datatype_util& get_dtutil() override { return m_dtutil; }
+    finite_set_util &get_fsutil() override { return m_fsutil; }
     bool uses(symbol const & s) const override { return false; }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_smt_pp.cpp b/src/ast/ast_smt_pp.cpp
index 23130e9022..852e81cf14 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_smt_pp.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast_smt_pp.cpp
@@ -507,6 +507,7 @@ class smt_printer {
         case forall_k: m_out << "forall "; break;
         case exists_k: m_out << "exists "; break;
         case lambda_k: m_out << "lambda "; break;
+        case choice_k: m_out << "choice "; break;
         }
         m_out << "(";
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < q->get_num_decls(); ++i) {
@@ -733,7 +734,8 @@ public:
         m_AUFLIRA("AUFLIRA"),
         // It's much easier to read those testcases with that.
         m_no_lets(no_lets),
-        m_simplify_implies(simplify_implies)
+        m_simplify_implies(simplify_implies),
+        m_top(nullptr)
     {
         m_basic_fid = m.get_basic_family_id();
         m_label_fid = m.mk_family_id("label");
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_translation.cpp b/src/ast/ast_translation.cpp
index affe9d49d2..126b520991 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_translation.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast_translation.cpp
@@ -181,20 +181,12 @@ void ast_translation::mk_func_decl(func_decl * f, frame & fr) {
         new_fi.set_injective(fi->is_injective());
         new_fi.set_skolem(fi->is_skolem()); 
         new_fi.set_idempotent(fi->is_idempotent());
-        new_fi.set_lambda(fi->is_lambda());
 
         new_f = m_to_manager.mk_func_decl(f->get_name(),
                                           f->get_arity(),
                                           new_domain,
                                           new_range,
                                           new_fi);
-
-        if (new_fi.is_lambda()) {
-            quantifier* q = from().is_lambda_def(f);
-            ast_translation tr(from(), to());
-            quantifier* new_q = tr(q);
-            to().add_lambda_def(new_f, new_q);
-        }
     }
     TRACE(ast_translation, 
           tout << f->get_name() << " "; if (fi) tout << *fi; tout << "\n";
diff --git a/src/ast/ast_util.cpp b/src/ast/ast_util.cpp
index 5d71ffda9d..d29d437f24 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast_util.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast_util.cpp
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ expr * mk_and(ast_manager & m, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args) {
 }
 
 app* mk_and(ast_manager & m, unsigned num_args, app * const * args) {
-    return to_app(mk_and(m, num_args, (expr* const*) args));
+    return to_app(mk_and(m, num_args, reinterpret_cast<expr* const*>(args)));
 }
 
 expr * mk_or(ast_manager & m, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args) {
diff --git a/src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.cpp b/src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.cpp
index 76dc8fe070..74368ecec5 100644
--- a/src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.cpp
@@ -783,6 +783,9 @@ void bv_decl_plugin::get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const
     op_names.push_back(builtin_name("rotate_left",OP_ROTATE_LEFT));
     op_names.push_back(builtin_name("rotate_right",OP_ROTATE_RIGHT));
     op_names.push_back(builtin_name("bit2bool", OP_BIT2BOOL));
+    op_names.push_back(builtin_name("ubv_to_int", OP_UBV2INT));
+    op_names.push_back(builtin_name("sbv_to_int", OP_SBV2INT));
+    op_names.push_back(builtin_name("int_to_bv", OP_INT2BV));
 
     if (logic == symbol::null || logic == symbol("ALL") || logic == "QF_FD" || logic == "HORN") {
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("bvumul_noovfl",OP_BUMUL_NO_OVFL));
@@ -804,11 +807,10 @@ void bv_decl_plugin::get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("ext_rotate_left",OP_EXT_ROTATE_LEFT));
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("ext_rotate_right",OP_EXT_ROTATE_RIGHT));
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("int2bv",OP_INT2BV));
-        op_names.push_back(builtin_name("int_to_bv",OP_INT2BV));
+
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("bv2int",OP_UBV2INT));
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("bv2nat",OP_UBV2INT));
-        op_names.push_back(builtin_name("ubv_to_int",OP_UBV2INT));
-        op_names.push_back(builtin_name("sbv_to_int",OP_SBV2INT));
+
         op_names.push_back(builtin_name("mkbv",OP_MKBV));
     }
 }
@@ -995,3 +997,30 @@ app* bv_util::mk_bv_rotate_right(expr* arg, unsigned n) {
     parameter p(n);
     return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_ROTATE_RIGHT, 1, &p, 1, &arg);
 }
+
+void bv_util::mk_bv_divrem_bound(expr* t, expr_ref_vector& clause) {
+    clause.reset();
+    if (!is_app(t) || !is_bv_divrem(t))
+        return;
+    expr* a = to_app(t)->get_arg(0);
+    expr* b = to_app(t)->get_arg(1);
+    if (is_numeral(b))
+        return;
+    expr* bound = nullptr;
+    // Use ¬(b ≤u t) instead of (t <u b) and ¬(abs(b) ≤u abs(t)) instead of (abs(t) <u abs(b))
+    // so that all bound atoms are OP_ULEQ (handled by theory_bv::internalize_atom).
+    // OP_ULT is not handled by theory_bv::internalize_atom and would trigger UNREACHABLE.
+    if (is_bv_urem(t) || is_bv_uremi(t))
+        bound = m_manager.mk_not(mk_ule(b, t));
+    else if (is_bv_srem(t) || is_bv_sremi(t) || is_bv_smod(t) || is_bv_smodi(t))
+        bound = m_manager.mk_not(mk_ule(mk_abs(b), mk_abs(t)));
+    else if (is_bv_udiv(t) || is_bv_udivi(t))
+        bound = mk_ule(t, a);
+    else if (is_bv_sdiv(t) || is_bv_sdivi(t))
+        bound = mk_ule(mk_abs(t), mk_abs(a));
+    if (!bound)
+        return;
+    // clause encodes  b != 0 => bound  as the disjunction  (b = 0) \/ bound
+    clause.push_back(m_manager.mk_eq(b, mk_zero(b->get_sort())));
+    clause.push_back(bound);
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.h b/src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.h
index 6bfc508988..8900c53d0a 100644
--- a/src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.h
@@ -118,26 +118,6 @@ enum bv_op_kind {
     LAST_BV_OP
 };
 
-// Assume k is a "div" operator. It returns the div0 uninterpreted function that
-// models the value of "div" it is underspecified (i.e., when the denominator is zero).
-inline bv_op_kind get_div0_op(bv_op_kind k) {
-    switch (k) {
-    case OP_BSDIV: return OP_BSDIV0;
-    case OP_BUDIV: return OP_BUDIV0;
-    case OP_BSREM: return OP_BSREM0;
-    case OP_BUREM: return OP_BUREM0;
-    case OP_BSMOD: return OP_BSMOD0;
-    default: UNREACHABLE(); return LAST_BV_OP;
-    }
-}
-
-// Assume decl is the declaration of a "div" operator. It returns the div0 declaration that
-// models the value of "div" it is underspecified (i.e., when the denominator is zero).
-inline func_decl * get_div0_decl(ast_manager & m, func_decl * decl) {
-    return m.mk_func_decl(decl->get_family_id(), get_div0_op(static_cast<bv_op_kind>(decl->get_decl_kind())),
-                          0, nullptr, 1, decl->get_domain());
-}
-
 class bv_decl_plugin : public decl_plugin {
     friend class bv_util;
 protected:
@@ -493,6 +473,7 @@ public:
 
 
     app * mk_ule(expr * arg1, expr * arg2) { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_ULEQ, arg1, arg2); }
+    app * mk_ult(expr * arg1, expr * arg2) { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_ULT, arg1, arg2); }
     app * mk_sle(expr * arg1, expr * arg2) { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_SLEQ, arg1, arg2); }
     app * mk_slt(expr * arg1, expr * arg2) { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_SLT, arg1, arg2); }
     app * mk_extract(unsigned high, unsigned low, expr * n) {
@@ -519,6 +500,25 @@ public:
 
     app * mk_bv_not(expr * arg) { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_BNOT, arg); }
     app * mk_bv_neg(expr * arg) { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_BNEG, arg); }
+    // absolute value: ite(arg <s 0, -arg, arg). Note mk_abs(INT_MIN) = INT_MIN.
+    // Uses ¬(0 ≤s arg) instead of (arg <s 0) so that the ITE condition is OP_NOT(OP_SLEQ)
+    // (handled by theory_bv::internalize_atom) rather than OP_SLT (not handled).
+    app * mk_abs(expr * arg) { return m_manager.mk_ite(mk_sle(mk_zero(arg->get_sort()), arg), arg, mk_bv_neg(arg)); }
+    // Magnitude-bound clause for a division/remainder term t with a symbolic (non-numeral)
+    // divisor. Fills clause with the disjuncts { divisor = 0, bound }, encoding
+    // divisor != 0 => bound, where bound is expressed using only OP_ULEQ and OP_NOT(OP_ULEQ)
+    // (so it can be internalized by theory_bv::internalize_atom):
+    //   urem:      ¬(b ≤u t)          srem/smod: ¬(|b| ≤u |t|)
+    //   udiv:      t ≤u a             sdiv:      |t| ≤u |a|
+    // Leaves clause empty if t is not a division/remainder operator or the divisor is a
+    // numeral. The bound is a bit-vector theory axiom (implied for a non-zero divisor); the
+    // unsigned comparison on absolute values keeps it sound at INT_MIN.
+    bool is_bv_divrem(expr* t) const {
+        return is_bv_urem(t) || is_bv_uremi(t) || is_bv_srem(t) || is_bv_sremi(t) ||
+               is_bv_smod(t) || is_bv_smodi(t) || is_bv_udiv(t) || is_bv_udivi(t) ||
+               is_bv_sdiv(t) || is_bv_sdivi(t);
+    }
+    void mk_bv_divrem_bound(expr* t, expr_ref_vector& clause);
     app * mk_bv_urem(expr * arg1, expr * arg2) const { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_BUREM, arg1, arg2); }
     app * mk_bv_srem(expr * arg1, expr * arg2) const { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_BSREM, arg1, arg2); }
     app * mk_bv_smod(expr * arg1, expr * arg2) const { return m_manager.mk_app(get_fid(), OP_BSMOD, arg1, arg2); }
diff --git a/src/ast/converters/expr_inverter.cpp b/src/ast/converters/expr_inverter.cpp
index bc4a279c7a..0e756ebe65 100644
--- a/src/ast/converters/expr_inverter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/converters/expr_inverter.cpp
@@ -823,6 +823,47 @@ public:
 };
 #endif
 
+class finite_set_inverter : public iexpr_inverter {
+    finite_set_util fs;
+public:
+    finite_set_inverter(ast_manager& m): iexpr_inverter(m), fs(m) {}
+
+    family_id get_fid() const override { return fs.get_family_id(); }
+
+    bool operator()(func_decl* f, unsigned num, expr* const* args, expr_ref& r) override {
+        switch (f->get_decl_kind()) {
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_UNION:
+            // x union y -> x
+            // y := x
+            if (num == 2 && uncnstr(args[0]) && uncnstr(args[1])) {
+                r = args[0];
+                if (m_mc) {
+                    add_def(args[1], r);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        case OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT:
+            // x intersect y -> x
+            // y := x
+            if (num == 2 && uncnstr(args[0]) && uncnstr(args[1])) {
+                r = args[0];
+                if (m_mc) {
+                    add_def(args[1], r);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    bool mk_diff(expr* t, expr_ref& r) override {
+        return false;
+    }
+};
 
 class seq_expr_inverter : public iexpr_inverter {
     seq_util seq;
@@ -972,6 +1013,7 @@ expr_inverter::expr_inverter(ast_manager& m): iexpr_inverter(m) {
     add(alloc(basic_expr_inverter, m, *this));
     add(alloc(seq_expr_inverter, m));
     //add(alloc(pb_expr_inverter, m));
+    add(alloc(finite_set_inverter, m));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h b/src/ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h
index 41ed2036bb..f7d65f2b43 100644
--- a/src/ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ namespace datatype {
             size* subst(obj_map<sort, size*>& S) override;
             sort_size eval(obj_map<sort, sort_size> const& S) override { return S[m_param]; }
         };
-    };
+    }
 
     class def {
         ast_manager&            m;
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ namespace datatype {
         sort_ref mk_tuple_datatype(svector<std::pair<symbol, sort*>> const& elems, symbol const& name, symbol const& test, func_decl_ref& tup, func_decl_ref_vector& accs);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 typedef datatype::accessor accessor_decl;
 typedef datatype::constructor constructor_decl;
diff --git a/src/ast/decl_collector.cpp b/src/ast/decl_collector.cpp
index a1d472be2c..44cfc3c88f 100644
--- a/src/ast/decl_collector.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/decl_collector.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ void decl_collector::visit_sort(sort * n) {
     family_id fid = n->get_family_id();
     if (m.is_uninterp(n))
         m_sorts.push_back(n);
+    else if (fid == poly_family_id)
+        m_type_vars.push_back(n);
     else if (fid == m_dt_fid) {
         m_sorts.push_back(n);
         for (func_decl * cnstr : *m_dt_util.get_datatype_constructors(n)) {
@@ -188,6 +190,7 @@ void decl_collector::collect_deps(sort* s, sort_set& set) {
 void decl_collector::push() {
     m_trail_lim.push_back(m_trail.size());
     m_sorts.push_scope();
+    m_type_vars.push_scope();
     m_decls.push_scope();
     m_rec_decls.push_scope();
 }
@@ -200,6 +203,7 @@ void decl_collector::pop(unsigned n) {
     m_trail.shrink(sz);
     m_trail_lim.shrink(m_trail_lim.size() - n);
     m_sorts.pop_scope(n);
+    m_type_vars.pop_scope(n);
     m_decls.pop_scope(n);
     m_rec_decls.pop_scope(n);
 }
diff --git a/src/ast/decl_collector.h b/src/ast/decl_collector.h
index a7f79d008a..e1dd5dc1be 100644
--- a/src/ast/decl_collector.h
+++ b/src/ast/decl_collector.h
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
 
 class decl_collector {
-    ast_manager &         m;
+    ast_manager &           m;
     lim_svector<sort*>      m_sorts;
+    lim_svector<sort*>      m_type_vars;
     lim_svector<func_decl*> m_decls;
     lim_svector<func_decl*> m_rec_decls;
     ast_mark              m_visited;
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ public:
 
     bool should_declare(func_decl* f) const;
 
-    void reset() { m_sorts.reset(); m_decls.reset(); m_visited.reset(); m_trail.reset(); }
+    void reset() { m_sorts.reset(); m_type_vars.reset(); m_decls.reset(); m_visited.reset(); m_trail.reset(); }
     void visit_func(func_decl* n);
     void visit(ast * n);
     void visit(unsigned n, expr* const* es);
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ public:
     unsigned get_num_decls() const { return m_decls.size(); }
     
     lim_svector<sort*> const& get_sorts() const { return m_sorts; }
+    lim_svector<sort*> const& get_type_vars() const { return m_type_vars; }
     lim_svector<func_decl*> const& get_func_decls() const { return m_decls; }
     lim_svector<func_decl*> const& get_rec_decls() const { return m_rec_decls; }
 };
diff --git a/src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.cpp b/src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.cpp
index af4d30add8..1be709324c 100644
--- a/src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.cpp
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ namespace datalog {
             m_fid = m.mk_family_id(symbol("datalog_relation"));
         }
         return m_fid;
-    };
+    }
 
     arith_util& dl_decl_util::arith() const {
         if (!m_arith) m_arith = alloc(arith_util, m);
@@ -788,4 +788,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return m.mk_app(f, num_args, args);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.h b/src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.h
index 850d181267..2acbb362a6 100644
--- a/src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.h
@@ -199,5 +199,5 @@ namespace datalog {
 
     };
     
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/euf/euf_ac_plugin.h b/src/ast/euf/euf_ac_plugin.h
index 99d01791c7..352337a2f1 100644
--- a/src/ast/euf/euf_ac_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/euf/euf_ac_plugin.h
@@ -319,14 +319,14 @@ namespace euf {
 
         struct eq_pp {
             ac_plugin const& p; eq const& e; 
-            eq_pp(ac_plugin const& p, eq const& e) : p(p), e(e) {}; 
+            eq_pp(ac_plugin const& p, eq const& e) : p(p), e(e) {} 
             eq_pp(ac_plugin const& p, unsigned eq_id): p(p), e(p.m_active[eq_id]) {}
             std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const { return p.display_equation(out, e); }
         };
 
         struct eq_pp_ll {
             ac_plugin const& p; eq const& e;
-            eq_pp_ll(ac_plugin const& p, eq const& e) : p(p), e(e) {};
+            eq_pp_ll(ac_plugin const& p, eq const& e) : p(p), e(e) {}
             eq_pp_ll(ac_plugin const& p, unsigned eq_id) : p(p), e(p.m_active[eq_id]) {}
             std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const { return p.display_equation_ll(out, e); }
         };
diff --git a/src/ast/euf/euf_etable.cpp b/src/ast/euf/euf_etable.cpp
index b308523a54..93be311740 100644
--- a/src/ast/euf/euf_etable.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/euf/euf_etable.cpp
@@ -276,5 +276,5 @@ namespace euf {
         return find(n) == n;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/euf/euf_etable.h b/src/ast/euf/euf_etable.h
index d6b64e7566..ecac03a228 100644
--- a/src/ast/euf/euf_etable.h
+++ b/src/ast/euf/euf_etable.h
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace euf {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/ast/euf/euf_mam.cpp b/src/ast/euf/euf_mam.cpp
index 00d9c0726f..8148fe7d9d 100644
--- a/src/ast/euf/euf_mam.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/euf/euf_mam.cpp
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ namespace euf {
     // Instructions
     //
     // ------------------------------------
-    typedef enum {
+    typedef enum : uint8_t {
         INIT1=0, INIT2,  INIT3,  INIT4,  INIT5,  INIT6,  INITN, INITAC,
         BIND1,   BIND2,  BIND3,  BIND4,  BIND5,  BIND6,  BINDN,
         YIELD1,  YIELD2, YIELD3, YIELD4, YIELD5, YIELD6, YIELDN,
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ namespace euf {
         unsigned short m_num_args;
         unsigned       m_ireg;
         unsigned       m_oreg;
+        unsigned m_curr_generation;
     };
 
     struct get_cgr : public instruction {
@@ -1402,6 +1403,7 @@ namespace euf {
                 // to check it again.
                 get_check_mark(reg) == NOT_CHECKED &&
                 is_ground(m_registers[reg]) &&
+                instr->m_enode != nullptr &&
                 get_pat_lbl_hash(reg) == instr->m_enode->get_lbl_hash();
         }
 
@@ -1925,25 +1927,33 @@ namespace euf {
             m_max_generation = std::max(m_max_generation, n->generation());
         }
 
+        void get_f_app(func_decl* lbl, unsigned num_expected_args, enode* curr, enode*& matching_cgr, enode*& min_gen_match) {
+            if (curr->get_decl() == lbl && curr->num_args() == num_expected_args) {
+                if (curr->is_cgr() && !matching_cgr)
+                    matching_cgr = curr;
+                if (!min_gen_match || min_gen_match->generation() > curr->generation())
+                    min_gen_match = curr;
+            }
+        }
+
         // We have to provide the number of expected arguments because we have flat-assoc applications such as +.
         // Flat-assoc applications may have arbitrary number of arguments.
         enode * get_first_f_app(func_decl * lbl, unsigned num_expected_args, enode * first) {
+            enode *matching_cgr = nullptr, *min_gen_match = nullptr;
             for (enode* curr : euf::enode_class(first)) {
-                if (curr->get_decl() == lbl && curr->is_cgr() && curr->num_args() == num_expected_args) {
-                    update_max_generation(curr, first);
-                    return curr;
-                }
+                get_f_app(lbl, num_expected_args, curr, matching_cgr, min_gen_match);
+                curr = curr->get_next();
             }
-            return nullptr;
+            if (matching_cgr)
+                update_max_generation(min_gen_match, first);                          
+            return matching_cgr;
         }
 
         enode * get_next_f_app(func_decl * lbl, unsigned num_expected_args, enode * first, enode * curr) {
             curr = curr->get_next();
             while (curr != first) {
-                if (curr->get_decl() == lbl && curr->is_cgr() && curr->num_args() == num_expected_args) {
-                    update_max_generation(curr, first);
+                if (curr->get_decl() == lbl && curr->num_args() == num_expected_args && curr->is_cgr())
                     return curr;
-                }
                 curr = curr->get_next();
             }
             return nullptr;
@@ -2562,6 +2572,7 @@ namespace euf {
                  m_backtrack_stack[m_top].m_instr              = m_pc;                                                  \
                  m_backtrack_stack[m_top].m_old_max_generation = m_curr_max_generation;                                 \
                  m_backtrack_stack[m_top].m_curr               = m_app;                                                 \
+                 const_cast<bind*>(static_cast<bind const*>(m_pc))->m_curr_generation = m_max_generation;                \
                  m_top++;
 
             BIND_COMMON();
@@ -2828,7 +2839,8 @@ namespace euf {
                            goto backtrack;                                                                                      \
                        }                                                                                                        \
                        bp.m_curr = m_app;                                                                                       \
-                       TRACE(mam_int, tout << "bind next candidate:\n" << mk_ll_pp(m_app->get_expr(), m););      \
+                       m_max_generation = m_b->m_curr_generation;                                                               \
+                       TRACE(mam_int, tout << "bind next candidate:\n" << mk_ll_pp(m_app->get_expr(), m););                     \
                        m_oreg    = m_b->m_oreg
 
             BBIND_COMMON();
@@ -4058,4 +4070,4 @@ void euf::mam::ground_subterms(expr* e, ptr_vector<app>& ground) {
 
 euf::mam* euf::mam::mk(euf::mam_solver& ctx, euf::on_binding_callback& em) {
     return alloc(mam_impl, ctx, em, true);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/euf/euf_mam.h b/src/ast/euf/euf_mam.h
index c391f6c09c..a6c20d74b6 100644
--- a/src/ast/euf/euf_mam.h
+++ b/src/ast/euf/euf_mam.h
@@ -81,5 +81,5 @@ namespace euf {
         static void ground_subterms(expr* e, ptr_vector<app>& ground);
 
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/euf/euf_plugin.h b/src/ast/euf/euf_plugin.h
index ba6b2d5f93..0a9503ba5d 100644
--- a/src/ast/euf/euf_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/euf/euf_plugin.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace euf {
         
         virtual void merge_eh(enode* n1, enode* n2) = 0;
 
-        virtual void diseq_eh(enode* eq) {};
+        virtual void diseq_eh(enode* eq) {}
 
         virtual void propagate() = 0;
 
diff --git a/src/ast/euf/ho_matcher.cpp b/src/ast/euf/ho_matcher.cpp
index f86d82b645..c85914e8f1 100644
--- a/src/ast/euf/ho_matcher.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/euf/ho_matcher.cpp
@@ -43,11 +43,59 @@ Author:
 --*/
 
 #include "ast/euf/ho_matcher.h"
+#include "ast/well_sorted.h"
 
 
 
 namespace euf {
 
+    expr_ref_vector const &ho_subst::get_binding(quantifier *q) {
+        ast_manager &m = m_subst.get_manager();
+        m_binding.reset();
+        m_binding.append(m_subst);
+
+        // Shrink binding to original quantifier's num_decls
+        // The HO quantifier has extra vars at higher indices; drop them.
+        // Binding is indexed by var index: binding[i] = value for var i.
+        // First substitute any remaining vars, then keep only original vars.
+        TRACE(
+            ho_matching, tout << "num bound variables " << q->get_num_decls() << " for " << mk_bounded_pp(q, m) << "\n"
+                              << m_binding << "\n";
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_binding.size(); ++i) {
+                tout << i << " - " << mk_pp(m_binding.get(i)->get_sort(), m) << ": " << mk_ll_pp(m_binding.get(i), m)
+                     << "\n";
+            });
+        if (m_binding.size() > q->get_num_decls()) {
+            // binding is indexed directly (binding[k] = value for var k),
+            // so the substitution must use direct (non-standard) order to
+            // resolve chained HO variable references; the sort guard below
+            // is checked with the matching order.
+            var_subst sub(m, false);
+            bool change = true;
+            while (change) {
+                change = false;
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_binding.size(); ++i) {
+                    if (!m_binding.get(i))
+                        continue;
+                    // A misaligned higher-order binding would build an
+                    // ill-sorted term. Abandon this refinement (no instance)
+                    // rather than aborting the whole solve.
+                    SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, m_binding.get(i)));
+                    auto r = sub(m_binding.get(i), m_binding);
+                    change |= r != m_binding.get(i);
+                    m_binding[i] = r;
+                    SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, m_binding.get(i)));
+                    TRACE(ho_matching, tout << "setting v" << i << " <- " << r << "\n");
+                }
+            }
+            m_binding.shrink(q->get_num_decls());
+        }
+        SASSERT (m_binding.size() == q->get_num_decls());
+           
+        m_binding.reverse();
+        return m_binding;
+    }
+
 
     void ho_matcher::operator()(expr* pat, expr* t, unsigned num_vars) {
         (*this)(pat, t, 0, num_vars);
@@ -64,9 +112,17 @@ namespace euf {
     }
 
     void ho_matcher::search() {
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, display(verbose_stream()));
+        IF_VERBOSE(10, display(verbose_stream()));
 
+
+        unsigned budget = m_max_iterations;
         while (m.inc()) {
+            if (budget-- == 0) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "ho_matcher: search budget exhausted\n");
+                while (!m_backtrack.empty())
+                    backtrack();
+                break;
+            }
             // Q, B -> Q', B'. Push work on the backtrack stack and new work items
             // e, Bw -> Q', B'. Consume backtrack stack
             if (!m_goals.empty())
@@ -77,7 +133,7 @@ namespace euf {
                 break;
         }
 
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, display(verbose_stream() << "ho_matcher: done\n"));
+        IF_VERBOSE(10, display(verbose_stream() << "ho_matcher: done\n"));
     }
 
     void ho_matcher::backtrack() {
@@ -92,7 +148,7 @@ namespace euf {
         while (!m_backtrack.empty()) {
             auto& wi = *m_backtrack.back();
             bool st = consume_work(wi);
-            IF_VERBOSE(3, display(verbose_stream() << "ho_matcher::consume_work: " << wi.pat << " =?= " << wi.t << " -> " << (st?"true":"false") << "\n"););
+            TRACE(ho_matching, display(tout << "ho_matcher::consume_work: " << mk_bounded_pp(wi.pat, m) << " =?= " << mk_bounded_pp(wi.t, m) << " -> " << (st?"true":"false") << "\n"););
             if (st) {
                 if (m_goals.empty())                     
                     m_on_match(m_subst);                
@@ -110,7 +166,11 @@ namespace euf {
     }
 
     lbool ho_matcher::are_equal(unsigned o1, expr* p, unsigned o2, expr* t) const {
-        SASSERT(p->get_sort() == t->get_sort());
+        if (p->get_sort() != t->get_sort()) {
+            TRACE(ho_matching, tout << "sort mismatch: " << mk_pp(p, m) << " : " << mk_pp(p->get_sort(), m) 
+                       << " vs " << mk_pp(t, m) << " : " << mk_pp(t->get_sort(), m) << "\n";);
+            return l_false;
+        }
         if (o1 == o2 && p == t)
             return l_true;
 
@@ -239,25 +299,19 @@ namespace euf {
         return r;    
     }
 
-    // We assume that m_rewriter should produce
-    // something amounting to weak-head normal form WHNF
+    expr_ref ho_matcher::whnf_star(expr *e, unsigned offset) const {
+        expr_ref r(e, m);
+        while (true) {
+            auto q = whnf(r, offset);
+            if (q == r)
+                return r;
+            r = q;
+        }
+    }
 
     void ho_matcher::reduce(match_goal& wi) {
-        while (true) {
-            expr_ref r = whnf(wi.pat, wi.pat_offset());
-            if (r == wi.pat)
-                break;
-            IF_VERBOSE(3, verbose_stream() << "ho_matcher::reduce: " << wi.pat << " -> " << r << "\n";);
-            wi.pat = r;
-        } 
-
-        while (true) {
-            expr_ref r = whnf(wi.t, wi.term_offset());
-            if (r == wi.t)
-                break;
-            IF_VERBOSE(3, verbose_stream() << "ho_matcher::reduce: " << wi.t << " -> " << r << "\n";);
-            wi.t = r;
-        } 
+        wi.pat = whnf_star(wi.pat, wi.pat_offset());
+        wi.t = whnf_star(wi.t, wi.term_offset());
     }
 
     bool ho_matcher::consume_work(match_goal &wi) {
@@ -272,6 +326,11 @@ namespace euf {
         if (wi.is_done())
             return false;
 
+        if (wi.level > m_max_depth) {
+            wi.set_done();
+            return false;
+        }
+
         reduce(wi);
 
         auto t = wi.t;
@@ -288,7 +347,6 @@ namespace euf {
             break;
         }
         
-
         // v >= offset
         // v - offset |-> t
         if (is_meta_var(p, wi.pat_offset()) && is_closed(t, 0, wi.term_offset())) {
@@ -299,7 +357,6 @@ namespace euf {
             return true;
         }
 
-
         // N = \ x. T => ((shift1 N) x) = T
         if (is_lambda(t) && !is_lambda(p)) {
             auto q = to_quantifier(t);
@@ -318,6 +375,44 @@ namespace euf {
             return true;
         }
 
+        // \x . N = T => N = ((shift1 T) x) 
+        if (is_lambda(p) && !is_lambda(t)) {
+            auto q = to_quantifier(p);
+            auto p_body = q->get_expr();
+            auto nd = q->get_num_decls();
+            var_shifter vs(m);
+            expr_ref r(m);
+            vs(t, nd, r);
+            expr_ref_vector args(m);
+            args.push_back(r);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < nd; ++i)
+                args.push_back(m.mk_var(nd - 1 - i, q->get_decl_sort(i)));
+            r = m_array.mk_select(args);
+            m_goals.push(wi.level, wi.term_offset() + nd, p_body, r);
+            wi.set_done();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // lambda x . p == lambda x . t
+        // 
+        if (is_quantifier(p) && is_quantifier(t)) {
+            auto qp = to_quantifier(p);
+            auto qt = to_quantifier(t);
+            unsigned pd = qp->get_num_decls();
+            unsigned td = qt->get_num_decls();
+            if (qp->get_kind() != qt->get_kind())
+                return false;
+            if (pd != td)
+                return false;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < pd; ++i)
+                if (qp->get_decl_sort(i) != qt->get_decl_sort(i))
+                    return false;
+            m_goals.push(wi.level, wi.term_offset() + td, qp->get_expr(), qt->get_expr());
+            wi.set_done();
+            return true;
+        }
+
         // Flex head unitary
         // H(pat) = t
 
@@ -340,6 +435,9 @@ namespace euf {
                 pats.push_back(to_app(p1));
                 p1 = to_app(p1)->get_arg(0);
             }
+            // innermost select is a meta variable, 
+            // order patterns from inner-most application to outer-most.
+            pats.reverse();
             auto v = to_var(p1);
             if (wi.is_init())
                 wi.set_project();
@@ -363,6 +461,16 @@ namespace euf {
                             wi.set_index(i + 1);
                             return true;
                         }
+                        // pi has sort T1 -> T2 -> T, and t has sort T.
+                        // we can project \vars . x_i (H1 vars) (H2 vars) to get a term of sort T.
+                        if (start <= i && maps_to_sort(pi->get_sort(), t->get_sort())) {
+                            IF_VERBOSE(3, verbose_stream() << "maps to " << mk_pp(pi->get_sort(), m) << " "
+                                                           << mk_pp(t->get_sort(), m) << "\n");
+                            // TODO: implement this case
+                            // v->get_sort() determines vars
+                            // x := bound variable from "project" function.
+                            // add_meta_var_apps(sort *s, sort *t, expr_ref& x, expr_ref_vector const& vars, unsigned offset)
+                        }
                         ++i;
                     }
                 }
@@ -388,31 +496,44 @@ namespace euf {
                 // H (p1) (p2) = f(t1, .., tn)
                 // H -> \x1 \x2 f(H1(x1, x2), .., Hn(x1, x2))
                 // H1(p1, p2) = t1, .., Hn(p1, p2) = tn
+                //
+                // The select chain `pats` was collected from the outermost
+                // select down to the flex head, i.e. in reverse order of
+                // application. The imitating lambda must curry the arguments in
+                // application order (the first-applied select binds the
+                // outermost lambda), so process the applications inner-to-outer.
+                // Without this the constructed lambda has the argument arities
+                // in the wrong nesting order and its sort disagrees with the
+                // flex head variable (producing an ill-typed binding).
+
                 ptr_vector<sort> domain, pat_domain;
                 ptr_vector<expr> pat_args;
+                svector<unsigned> pat_pos;   // forward binder position (in domain) of each distinct index
                 expr_ref_vector args(m), pat_vars(m), bound_args(m);
                 vector<symbol> names;
                 pat_args.push_back(nullptr);
                 pat_vars.push_back(nullptr);
+                pat_pos.push_back(0);        // placeholder for the flex-head slot 0
                 unsigned num_bound = 0;
                 expr_mark seen;
                 for (auto pat : pats) {
                     for (auto pi : array_select_indices(pat)) {
+                        if (!seen.is_marked(pi)) {
+                            pat_domain.push_back(pi->get_sort());
+                            pat_args.push_back(pi);
+                            pat_pos.push_back(num_bound);
+                            seen.mark(pi);
+                        }
                         ++num_bound;
                         domain.push_back(pi->get_sort());
                         names.push_back(symbol(num_bound));
-                        if (seen.is_marked(pi))
-                            continue;
-                        pat_domain.push_back(pi->get_sort());
-                        pat_args.push_back(pi); 
-                        seen.mark(pi);
                     }
                 }
 
-                for (unsigned i = pat_args.size(); i-- > 1; ) {
-                    auto pi = pat_args.get(i);
-                    pat_vars.push_back(m.mk_var(pat_args.size() - i - 1, pi->get_sort()));
-                }                        
+                for (unsigned k = 1; k < pat_args.size(); ++k) {
+                    unsigned db = num_bound - 1 - pat_pos[k];
+                    pat_vars.push_back(m.mk_var(db, pat_args.get(k)->get_sort()));
+                }
 
                 for (auto ti : *ta) {
                     sort* v_sort = m_array.mk_array_sort(pat_domain.size(), pat_domain.data(), ti->get_sort());
@@ -420,7 +541,8 @@ namespace euf {
                     auto w = m.mk_var(m_subst.size() + wi.pat_offset() + num_bound, v_sort); // shifted by number of bound
                     m_subst.resize(m_subst.size() + 1);
                     pat_args[0] = v;
-                    auto sel = m_array.mk_select(pat_args.size(), pat_args.data());
+                    expr_ref sel(m);
+                    sel = m_array.mk_select(pat_args.size(), pat_args.data());
                     m_goals.push(wi.level + 1, wi.term_offset(), sel, ti);
                     pat_vars[0] = w;
                     sel = m_array.mk_select(pat_vars.size(), pat_vars.data());
@@ -436,6 +558,7 @@ namespace euf {
                     num_bound -= sz;
                     lam = m.mk_lambda(sz, domain.data() + num_bound, names.data() + num_bound, lam);
                 }
+
                 add_binding(v, wi.pat_offset(), lam);
                 wi.set_done();
                 return true;
@@ -457,25 +580,7 @@ namespace euf {
                 m_goals.push(wi.level, wi.term_offset(), tp->get_arg(i), ta->get_arg(i));
             return true;
         }               
-                        
-        //
-        // lambda x . p == lambda x . t
-        // 
-        if (is_quantifier(p) && is_quantifier(t)) {
-            auto qp = to_quantifier(p);
-            auto qt = to_quantifier(t);
-            unsigned pd = qp->get_num_decls();
-            unsigned td = qt->get_num_decls();
-            if (qp->get_kind() != qt->get_kind())
-                return false;
-            if (pd != td)
-                return false;
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < pd; ++i)
-                if (qp->get_decl_sort(i) != qt->get_decl_sort(i))
-                    return false;
-            m_goals.push(wi.level, wi.term_offset() + td, qp->get_expr(), qt->get_expr());
-            return true;
-        }
+                       
 
         return false;		       
     }
@@ -488,8 +593,7 @@ namespace euf {
         uint_set vars;
         while (m_array.is_select(p)) {
             auto a = to_app(p);
-            for (unsigned i = 1; i < a->get_num_args(); ++i) {
-                auto arg = a->get_arg(i);
+            for (auto arg : *a) {
                 if (!is_bound_var(arg, offset))
                     return false;
                 auto idx = to_var(arg)->get_idx();
@@ -533,6 +637,49 @@ namespace euf {
         return true;
     }
 
+    // s is of the form T1 -> T2 -> .. -> Tn -> t
+    bool ho_matcher::maps_to_sort(sort* s, sort* t) const {
+        SASSERT(s != t);
+        while (m_array.is_array(s)) {
+            s = get_array_range(s); 
+            if (s == t)
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // s := (T1*T1' -> T2 -> t)
+    // x is of type s
+    // x := (select (select x (H1 vars) (H2 vars)) (H3 vars)) of type t
+    void ho_matcher::add_meta_var_apps(sort *s, sort *t, expr_ref& x, expr_ref_vector const& vars, unsigned offset) {
+        
+        expr_ref_vector args(m), hargs(m);
+        ptr_buffer<sort> domain;
+        for (auto v : vars) 
+            domain.push_back(v->get_sort());        
+
+        SASSERT(s == x->get_sort());
+        while (s != t) {
+
+            SASSERT(m_array.is_array(s));
+            unsigned arity = get_array_arity(s);
+            args.reset();
+            args.push_back(x);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < arity; ++i) {
+                sort *d = get_array_domain(s, i);
+                auto r = m_array.mk_array_sort(domain.size(), domain.data(), d);
+                hargs.reset();
+                hargs.push_back(m.mk_var(++offset, r));
+                hargs.append(vars);
+                auto h = m_array.mk_select(hargs);
+                args.push_back(h);                       
+            }
+            x = m_array.mk_select(args);
+            s = get_array_range(s); 
+            SASSERT(s == x->get_sort());
+        }     
+    }
+
     // create a lambda abstraction for the meta variable such that
     // when applied to patterns, the result is t.
     // pre-condition: is_pattern(p, offset, t);
@@ -549,15 +696,12 @@ namespace euf {
         }
         expr_ref_vector pat2bound(m);        
         for (auto a : pats) {
-            unsigned sz = a->get_num_args();
-            for (unsigned i = 1; i < sz; ++i) {
-                auto arg = a->get_arg(i);
+            for (auto arg : *a) {
                 SASSERT(is_bound_var(arg, offset));
                 auto idx = to_var(arg)->get_idx();
                 pat2bound.reserve(idx + 1);
                 pat2bound[idx] = m.mk_var(--num_bound, arg->get_sort());
-            }   
-            p1 = a->get_arg(0);
+            }
         }
         var_subst sub(m, false);
         expr_ref lam = sub(t, pat2bound);
@@ -570,12 +714,13 @@ namespace euf {
             }
             lam = m.mk_lambda(names.size(), sorts.data(), names.data(), lam);
         }
+        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, lam));
         return lam;
     }
 
     //
     // keep track of number of internal scopes and offset to non-capture variables.
-    // a variable is captured if it's index is in the interval [scopes, offset[.
+    // a variable is captured if its index is in the interval [scopes, offset[.
     //
     bool ho_matcher::is_closed(expr* v, unsigned scopes, unsigned offset) const {
         if (is_ground(v))
@@ -611,6 +756,8 @@ namespace euf {
         SASSERT(var_sort);
         body = m.mk_var(num_binders - i - 1, var_sort);
         bind_lambdas(num_lambdas, s, body);
+        SASSERT(body->get_sort() == s);
+        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, body));
         return body;
     }
 
@@ -625,54 +772,68 @@ namespace euf {
             decl_names.push_back(symbol(i));
         }
         body = m.mk_lambda(sz, decl_sorts.data(), decl_names.data(), body);
+        SASSERT(s == body->get_sort());
+        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, body));
     }
 
-    void ho_matcher::add_binding(var* v, unsigned offset, expr* t) {
+    void ho_matcher::add_binding(var* v, unsigned offset, expr* _t) {
         SASSERT(v->get_idx() >= offset);
+        expr_ref t(_t, m);
+        inv_var_shifter vs(m);
+        vs(_t, offset, t);
         m_subst.set(v->get_idx() - offset, t);
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "ho_matcher::add_binding: v" << v->get_idx() - offset << " -> " << mk_pp(t, m) << "\n";);
+        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, t));
+        SASSERT(v->get_sort() == t->get_sort());
+        TRACE(ho_matching, tout << "ho_matcher::add_binding: " << offset << " v" << v->get_idx() - offset << " -> " << mk_pp(t, m) << "\n";);
         m_trail.push(undo_set(m_subst, v->get_idx() - offset));
     }
 
 
     std::pair<quantifier*, app*> ho_matcher::compile_ho_pattern(quantifier* q, app* p) {
         app* p1 = nullptr;
-        if (m_pat2hopat.find(p, p)) {
-            q = m_q2hoq[q];
-            return { q, p };
+        quantifier *q1 = nullptr;
+        if (m_pat2hopat.find(p, p1) && m_q2hoq.find(q, q1)) {
+            return { q1, p1 };
         }
-        auto is_ho = any_of(subterms::all(expr_ref(p, m)), [&](expr* t) { return m_unitary.is_flex(0, t); });
+        auto is_ho = any_of(subterms::all(expr_ref(p, m)), [&](expr* t) { 
+            return m_unitary.is_flex(0, t) || 
+                   is_lambda(t); 
+        });
         if (!is_ho)
             return { q, p };
-        ptr_vector<expr> todo;
+        vector<std::pair<expr*, unsigned>> todo;
         ptr_buffer<var> bound;
         expr_ref_vector cache(m);
         unsigned nb = q->get_num_decls();
-        todo.push_back(p);
+        bool contains_pat2abs = m_pat2abs.contains(p);
+        SASSERT(m.is_pattern(p));
+        todo.push_back({p, 0});
         while (!todo.empty()) {
-            auto t = todo.back();
+            auto [t, lvl] = todo.back();
             if (is_var(t)) {
                 cache.setx(t->get_id(), t);
                 todo.pop_back();
                 continue;
             }
-            if (m_unitary.is_flex(0, t)) {
-                m_pat2abs.insert_if_not_there(p, svector<std::pair<unsigned, expr*>>()).push_back({ nb, t });
+            if ((m_unitary.is_flex(0, t) && lvl > 1) || is_lambda(t)) {
+                if (!contains_pat2abs)
+                    m_pat2abs.insert_if_not_there(p, svector<std::pair<unsigned, expr*>>()).push_back({ nb, t });
                 auto v = m.mk_var(nb++, t->get_sort());
                 bound.push_back(v);
                 cache.setx(t->get_id(), v);
                 todo.pop_back();
                 continue;
-            }
+            }            
             if (is_app(t)) {
                 auto a = to_app(t);
+
                 unsigned sz = a->get_num_args();
                 ptr_buffer<expr> args;
                 for (auto arg : *a) {
                     cache.reserve(arg->get_id() + 1);
                     expr* arg1 = cache.get(arg->get_id());
                     if (!arg1)
-                        todo.push_back(arg);
+                        todo.push_back({arg, lvl + 1});
                     else
                         args.push_back(arg1);
                 }
@@ -682,11 +843,15 @@ namespace euf {
                 cache.setx(t->get_id(), m.mk_app(a->get_decl(), args.size(), args.data()));
             }
             if (is_quantifier(t)) {
-                m_pat2abs.remove(p);
+                if (!contains_pat2abs)
+                    m_pat2abs.remove(p);
                 return { q, p };
             }
         }
         p1 = to_app(cache.get(p->get_id()));
+
+        if (p1 == p)
+            return {q, p};
         expr_free_vars free_vars;
         free_vars(p1);
         app_ref_vector new_ground(m);
@@ -713,6 +878,8 @@ namespace euf {
         auto body = q->get_expr();
         if (!new_patterns.empty()) {
             ptr_vector<app> pats;
+            CTRACE(ho_matching, !m.is_pattern(p1), 
+                tout << mk_pp(p, m) << "\n" << mk_pp(p1, m) << "\n";);
             VERIFY(m.is_pattern(p1, pats));
             for (auto p : new_patterns) // patterns for variables that are not free in new pattern
                 pats.push_back(p);
@@ -721,23 +888,40 @@ namespace euf {
             p1 = m.mk_pattern(pats.size(), pats.data());
         }
 
-        quantifier* q1 = m.mk_forall(sorts.size(), sorts.data(), names.data(), body);
+        q1 = m.mk_forall(sorts.size(), sorts.data(), names.data(), body);
 
-        m_pat2hopat.insert(p, p1);
-        m_hopat2pat.insert(p1, p);
-        m_q2hoq.insert(q, q1);
-        m_hoq2q.insert(q1, q);
-        m_hopat2free_vars.insert(p1, std::move(free_vars));
         m_ho_patterns.push_back(p1);
         m_ho_qs.push_back(q1);
         trail().push(push_back_vector(m_ho_patterns));
         trail().push(push_back_vector(m_ho_qs));
-        trail().push(insert_map(m_pat2hopat, p));
-        trail().push(insert_map(m_hopat2pat, p1));
-        trail().push(insert_map(m_pat2abs, p));
-        trail().push(insert_map(m_q2hoq, q));
-        trail().push(insert_map(m_hoq2q, q1));
-        trail().push(insert_map(m_hopat2free_vars, p1));        
+
+        if (!m_pat2hopat.contains(p)) {
+            m_pat2hopat.insert(p, p1);
+            trail().push(insert_map(m_pat2hopat, p));
+        }
+        if (!m_hopat2pat.contains(p1)) {
+            m_hopat2pat.insert(p1, p);
+            trail().push(insert_map(m_hopat2pat, p1));
+        }
+        if (!m_q2hoq.contains(q)) {
+            m_q2hoq.insert(q, q1);
+            trail().push(insert_map(m_q2hoq, q));
+        }
+        if (!m_hoq2q.contains(q1)) {
+            m_hoq2q.insert(q1, q);
+            trail().push(insert_map(m_hoq2q, q1));
+        }
+        if (!m_hopat2free_vars.contains(p1)) {
+            m_hopat2free_vars.insert(p1, std::move(free_vars));
+            trail().push(insert_map(m_hopat2free_vars, p1));
+        }
+        if (!contains_pat2abs)
+            trail().push(insert_map(m_pat2abs, p));
+
+        TRACE(ho_matching, tout << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n"
+                                << mk_pp(p, m) << "\n->\n"
+                                << mk_pp(q1, m) << "\n"
+                                << mk_pp(p1, m) << "\n");
         return { q1, p1 };
     }
 
@@ -745,34 +929,104 @@ namespace euf {
         return m_hopat2pat.contains(p);
     }
 
+    void ho_matcher::register_ho_pattern(app* alias_p, app* full_p) {
+        if (alias_p == full_p) return;
+        auto orig_p = m_hopat2pat[full_p];
+        m_hopat2pat.insert(alias_p, orig_p);
+        m_hopat2free_vars.insert(alias_p, m_hopat2free_vars[full_p]);
+        m_ho_patterns.push_back(alias_p);
+        trail().push(push_back_vector(m_ho_patterns));
+        trail().push(insert_map(m_hopat2pat, alias_p));
+        trail().push(insert_map(m_hopat2free_vars, alias_p));
+    }
+
     void ho_matcher::refine_ho_match(app* p, expr_ref_vector& s) {
         auto fo_pat = m_hopat2pat[p];
+        IF_VERBOSE(10, verbose_stream() << "refine_ho_match: p=" << mk_pp(p, m) << "\n  fo_pat=" << mk_pp(fo_pat, m) << "\n";
+                   verbose_stream() << "  m_pat2abs has fo_pat: " << m_pat2abs.contains(fo_pat) << "\n";
+                   auto& abs = m_pat2abs[fo_pat];
+                   verbose_stream() << "  m_pat2abs size: " << abs.size() << "\n";
+                   for (auto [v, pat] : abs) verbose_stream() << "    v=" << v << " pat=" << mk_pp(pat, m) << "\n";);
+        unsigned base_scope = m_trail.get_num_scopes();
         m_trail.push_scope();
         m_subst.resize(0);
         m_subst.resize(s.size());
         m_goals.reset();
+        // MAM bindings are reversed: s[i] = binding for var idx = s.size()-1-i
+        // m_subst is indexed by var index directly
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
             auto idx = s.size() - i - 1;
             if (!m_hopat2free_vars[p].contains(idx))
                 s[i] = m.mk_var(idx, s[i]->get_sort());
             else if (s.get(i))
-                m_subst.set(i, s.get(i));
+                m_subst.set(idx, s.get(i));
         }
 
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "refine " << mk_pp(p, m) << "\n" << s << "\n");
+        TRACE(ho_matching, tout << "refine " << mk_pp(p, m) << "\n" << s << "\n");
 
         unsigned num_bound = 0, level = 0;
+        for (auto [v, pat] : m_pat2abs[fo_pat]) {
+            // If a binding's sort disagrees with the pattern variable it would
+            // fill, substituting it would build an ill-sorted term. This can
+            // arise for deeply nested multi-select patterns whose de Bruijn
+            // remapping does not line up, or when E-matching delivers a
+            // candidate binding whose sort is incompatible with the abstracted
+            // higher-order pattern. Discard this refinement candidate (produce
+            // no instance) instead of aborting the whole solve.
+            if (!subst_sorts_match(m, pat, s, true)) {
+                m_trail.pop_scope(1);
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "refine_ho_match: sorts do not match for " << mk_pp(pat, m) << " and "
+                                               << s << "\n";);
+                UNREACHABLE();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
         for (auto [v, pat] : m_pat2abs[fo_pat]) {
             var_subst sub(m, true);
             auto pat_refined = sub(pat, s);
-            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << mk_pp(pat, m) << " -> " << pat_refined << "\n");
-            m_goals.push(level, num_bound, pat_refined, s.get(s.size() - v - 1));
+            TRACE(ho_matching, tout << mk_pp(pat, m) << " -> " << pat_refined << "\n");
+            m_goals.push(level, num_bound, pat_refined, m_subst.get(v));
         }
-
         search();
+        
         m_trail.pop_scope(1);
     }
 
+    bool ho_matcher::subst_sorts_match(ast_manager& m, expr* t, expr_ref_vector const& s, bool std_order) {
+        unsigned sz = s.size();
+        ptr_buffer<expr> es;
+        svector<unsigned> offs;
+        es.push_back(t);
+        offs.push_back(0);
+        while (!es.empty()) {
+            expr* e = es.back(); es.pop_back();
+            unsigned off = offs.back(); offs.pop_back();
+            if (is_var(e)) {
+                unsigned idx = to_var(e)->get_idx();
+                if (idx < off)
+                    continue;
+                unsigned k = idx - off;
+                if (k >= sz)
+                    continue;
+                expr* r = std_order ? s.get(sz - k - 1) : s.get(k);
+                if (r && r->get_sort() != e->get_sort())
+                    return false;
+            }
+            else if (is_app(e)) {
+                for (expr* arg : *to_app(e)) {
+                    es.push_back(arg);
+                    offs.push_back(off);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (is_quantifier(e)) {
+                quantifier* q = to_quantifier(e);
+                es.push_back(q->get_expr());
+                offs.push_back(off + q->get_num_decls());
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
     std::ostream& ho_matcher::display(std::ostream& out) const {
         m_subst.display(out << "subst\n");
         m_goals.display(out << "goals\n");
@@ -791,6 +1045,7 @@ namespace euf {
     };
 
     void match_goals::push(unsigned level, unsigned offset, expr_ref const& pat, expr_ref const& t) {
+        SASSERT(pat->get_sort() == t->get_sort());
         match_goal* wi = new (ho.trail().get_region()) match_goal(level, offset, pat, t);
         ho.trail().push(retire_match_goal(*wi)); // reset on undo
         wi->init(wi);
diff --git a/src/ast/euf/ho_matcher.h b/src/ast/euf/ho_matcher.h
index 65477078ce..71c2e0c3b6 100644
--- a/src/ast/euf/ho_matcher.h
+++ b/src/ast/euf/ho_matcher.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Author:
 #include "ast/for_each_expr.h"
 #include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/var_subst.h"
 
@@ -88,13 +89,15 @@ namespace euf {
         }
 
         match_goal(unsigned level, unsigned offset, expr_ref const& pat, expr_ref const& t) noexcept : 
-            base_offset(offset), pat(pat), t(t),  level(level)  {}
+            base_offset(offset), pat(pat), t(t),  level(level)  {
+            SASSERT(pat->get_sort() == t->get_sort());
+        }
 
         unsigned term_offset() const { return base_offset + delta_offset; }
         unsigned pat_offset() const { return base_offset + delta_offset; }
 
         std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const {
-            return out << "[" << level << ":" << base_offset + delta_offset << "] " << pat << " ~ " << t << "\n";
+            return out << "[" << level << ":" << base_offset + delta_offset << "] " << mk_bounded_pp(pat, pat.m()) << " ~ " << mk_bounded_pp(t, t.m()) << "\n";
         }
     };
 
@@ -120,9 +123,9 @@ namespace euf {
 
     class ho_subst {
         expr_ref_vector m_subst;
+        expr_ref_vector m_binding;
     public:
-        ho_subst(ast_manager& m) :
-            m_subst(m) {            
+        ho_subst(ast_manager &m) : m_subst(m), m_binding(m) {
         }
         void resize(unsigned n) {
             m_subst.resize(n, nullptr);
@@ -155,6 +158,9 @@ namespace euf {
             }
             return out;
         }
+
+        expr_ref_vector const &get_binding(quantifier* q);
+        
     };
 
     class unitary_patterns {
@@ -312,6 +318,8 @@ namespace euf {
         match_goals      m_goals;
         unitary_patterns m_unitary;
         ptr_vector<match_goal> m_backtrack;
+        unsigned         m_max_depth = 10;        // bound on imitation/projection depth (secondary safety cap)
+        unsigned         m_max_iterations = 10000; // per-search expansion-step budget to guarantee termination
         mutable array_rewriter   m_rewriter;
         array_util       m_array;
         obj_map<app, app*>     m_pat2hopat, m_hopat2pat;
@@ -329,6 +337,8 @@ namespace euf {
         bool consume_work(match_goal& wi);
 
         expr_ref whnf(expr* e, unsigned offset) const;
+
+        expr_ref whnf_star(expr *e, unsigned offset) const;
         
         bool is_bound_var(expr* v, unsigned offset) const { return is_var(v) && to_var(v)->get_idx() < offset; }
 
@@ -336,6 +346,10 @@ namespace euf {
 
         bool is_closed(expr* v, unsigned scopes, unsigned offset) const;
 
+        bool maps_to_sort(sort *s, sort *t) const;
+
+        void add_meta_var_apps(sort *s, sort *t, expr_ref& x, expr_ref_vector const& vars, unsigned offset);
+
         void add_binding(var* v, unsigned offset, expr* t);
 
         expr_ref mk_project(unsigned num_lambdas, unsigned xi, sort* array_sort);
@@ -381,6 +395,10 @@ namespace euf {
 
         void set_on_match(std::function<void(ho_subst&)>& on_match) { m_on_match = on_match; }
 
+        void set_max_depth(unsigned d) { m_max_depth = d; }
+
+        void set_max_iterations(unsigned n) { m_max_iterations = n; }
+
         void operator()(expr *pat, expr *t, unsigned num_vars);
 
         void operator()(expr* pat, expr* t, unsigned num_bound, unsigned num_vars);
@@ -389,11 +407,30 @@ namespace euf {
 
         bool is_ho_pattern(app* p);
 
+        // Register an alias pattern (e.g., after stripping ground elements) 
+        // that maps to the same original pattern as full_p
+        void register_ho_pattern(app* alias_p, app* full_p);
+
         void refine_ho_match(app* p, expr_ref_vector& s);
 
+        // Returns true iff applying the substitution s to t (with the given
+        // variable ordering) is sort-safe: every free variable of t that is
+        // bound by s maps to a value of the same sort. Used to defensively
+        // skip higher-order matches whose bindings would produce ill-typed
+        // instantiation terms (which would otherwise abort the whole solve).
+        static bool subst_sorts_match(ast_manager& m, expr* t, expr_ref_vector const& s, bool std_order);
+
         bool is_free(app* p, unsigned i) const { return m_hopat2free_vars[p].contains(i); }
 
         quantifier* hoq2q(quantifier* q) const { return m_hoq2q[q]; }
 
+
+        svector<std::pair<unsigned, expr*>> const* get_flex_subterms(app* p) const {
+            auto orig_p = m_hopat2pat.find_core(p);
+            if (!orig_p) return nullptr;
+            auto abs = m_pat2abs.find_core(orig_p->get_data().get_value());
+            return abs ? &abs->get_data().get_value() : nullptr;
+        }
+
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.cpp b/src/ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6991173b0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_decl_plugin.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Declaration plugin for finite sets
+
+Author:
+
+    GitHub Copilot Agent 2025
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+#include <sstream>
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/polymorphism_util.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "util/warning.h"
+
+finite_set_decl_plugin::finite_set_decl_plugin() {
+    m_names.resize(LAST_FINITE_SET_OP, nullptr);
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY] = "set.empty";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON] = "set.singleton";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_UNION] = "set.union";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT] = "set.intersect";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE] = "set.difference";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_IN] = "set.in";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE] = "set.size";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET] = "set.subset";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_MAP] = "set.map";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER] = "set.filter";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE] = "set.range";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_EXT] = "set.diff";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE] = "set.map.inverse";
+    m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET] = "set.unique";
+}
+
+finite_set_decl_plugin::~finite_set_decl_plugin() {
+    for (polymorphism::psig* s : m_sigs) 
+        dealloc(s);
+}
+
+void finite_set_decl_plugin::init() {
+    if (m_init) return;
+    ast_manager& m = *m_manager;
+    array_util autil(m);
+    m_init = true;
+    
+    sort* A = m.mk_type_var(symbol("A"));
+    sort* B = m.mk_type_var(symbol("B"));
+    parameter paramA(A);
+    parameter paramB(B);
+    sort* setA = m.mk_sort(m_family_id, FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &paramA);
+    sort* setB = m.mk_sort(m_family_id, FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &paramB);
+    sort* boolT = m.mk_bool_sort();
+    sort* intT = arith_util(m).mk_int();
+    parameter paramInt(intT);
+    sort* setInt = m.mk_sort(m_family_id, FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &paramInt);
+    sort* arrAB = autil.mk_array_sort(A, B);
+    sort* arrABool = autil.mk_array_sort(A, boolT);
+    
+    sort* setAsetA[2] = { setA, setA };
+    sort* AsetA[2] = { A, setA };
+    sort* arrABsetA[2] = { arrAB, setA };
+    sort* arrABoolsetA[2] = { arrABool, setA };
+    sort* intintT[2] = { intT, intT };
+    sort *arrABBsetA[3] = {arrAB, B, setA};
+    
+    m_sigs.resize(LAST_FINITE_SET_OP);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY]      = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY],      1, 0, nullptr, setA);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON]  = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON], 1, 1, &A, setA);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_UNION]      = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_UNION], 1, 2, setAsetA, setA);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT]  = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT], 1, 2, setAsetA, setA);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE] = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE], 1, 2, setAsetA, setA);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_IN]         = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_IN], 1, 2, AsetA, boolT);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE]       = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE], 1, 1, &setA, intT);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET]     = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET], 1, 2, setAsetA, boolT);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_MAP]        = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_MAP], 2, 2, arrABsetA, setB);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER]     = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER], 1, 2, arrABoolsetA, setA);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE]      = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE],      0, 2, intintT, setInt);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_EXT]        = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_EXT], 1, 2, setAsetA, A);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE] = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE], 2, 3, arrABBsetA, A);
+    m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET] = alloc(polymorphism::psig, m, m_names[OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET], 1, 2, intintT, setA);
+}
+
+sort * finite_set_decl_plugin::mk_sort(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters) {
+    if (k == FINITE_SET_SORT) {
+        if (num_parameters != 1) {
+            m_manager->raise_exception("FiniteSet sort expects exactly one parameter (element sort)");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        if (!parameters[0].is_ast() || !is_sort(parameters[0].get_ast())) {
+            m_manager->raise_exception("FiniteSet sort parameter must be a sort");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        sort * element_sort = to_sort(parameters[0].get_ast());
+        sort_size sz;
+        
+        // Compute the size of the finite_set sort based on the element sort
+        sort_size const& elem_sz = element_sort->get_num_elements();
+        if (elem_sz.is_finite() && !elem_sz.is_very_big()) {
+            uint64_t elem_size = elem_sz.size();
+            // If elem_size > 30, the powerset would be > 2^30, so mark as very_big
+            if (elem_size > 30) {
+                sz = sort_size::mk_very_big();
+            }
+            else {
+                // Compute 2^elem_size
+                sz = sort_size(rational::power_of_two(static_cast<unsigned>(elem_size)));
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // If element sort is infinite or very_big, the finite_set has the same size
+            sz = elem_sz;
+        }
+        
+        sort_info info(m_family_id, FINITE_SET_SORT, sz, num_parameters, parameters);
+        return m_manager->mk_sort(symbol("FiniteSet"), info);
+    }
+    m_manager->raise_exception("unknown finite set sort");
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+bool finite_set_decl_plugin::is_finite_set(sort* s) const {
+    return s->get_family_id() == m_family_id && s->get_decl_kind() == FINITE_SET_SORT;
+}
+
+sort * finite_set_decl_plugin::get_element_sort(sort* finite_set_sort) const {
+    if (!is_finite_set(finite_set_sort)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (finite_set_sort->get_num_parameters() != 1) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    parameter const* params = finite_set_sort->get_parameters();
+    if (!params[0].is_ast() || !is_sort(params[0].get_ast())) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return to_sort(params[0].get_ast());
+}
+
+func_decl * finite_set_decl_plugin::mk_empty(sort* finite_set_sort) {
+    parameter param(finite_set_sort);
+    if (!is_finite_set(finite_set_sort)) 
+        m_manager->raise_exception("set.empty range must be a finite set sort");    
+    sort * const * no_domain = nullptr;
+    return m_manager->mk_func_decl(m_sigs[OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY]->m_name, 0u, no_domain, finite_set_sort,
+                                   func_decl_info(m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY, 1, &param));
+}
+
+func_decl * finite_set_decl_plugin::mk_finite_set_op(decl_kind k, unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort* range) {
+    ast_manager& m = *m_manager;
+    polymorphism::util poly_util(m);
+    sort_ref rng(m);
+    poly_util.match(*m_sigs[k], arity, domain, range, rng);
+    unsigned np = k == OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET ? 1 : 0;
+    parameter p(rng.get());
+    func_decl_info info(m_family_id, k, np, &p);
+    if (k == OP_FINITE_SET_UNION || k == OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT) {
+        info.set_commutative(true);
+        info.set_associative(true);
+    }
+    return m.mk_func_decl(m_sigs[k]->m_name, arity, domain, rng, info);
+}
+
+func_decl * finite_set_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, 
+                                                   parameter const * parameters,
+                                                   unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, 
+                                                   sort * range) {
+    init();
+    
+    switch (k) {
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY:
+        if (!range) {
+            if ((num_parameters != 1 || !parameters[0].is_ast() || !is_sort(parameters[0].get_ast()))) {
+                m_manager->raise_exception("set.empty requires one sort parameter");
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            range = to_sort(parameters[0].get_ast());
+        }        
+        return mk_empty(range);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET:
+        if (!range) {
+            if ((num_parameters != 1 || !parameters[0].is_ast() || !is_sort(parameters[0].get_ast()))) {
+                m_manager->raise_exception("set.unique requires one sort parameter");
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            range = to_sort(parameters[0].get_ast());
+        }   
+        return mk_finite_set_op(k, arity, domain, range);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_UNION:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT:         
+        return mk_finite_set_op(k, 2, domain, range);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_IN:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_MAP:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE:
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_EXT:
+        return mk_finite_set_op(k, arity, domain, range);
+    default:
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void finite_set_decl_plugin::get_op_names(svector<builtin_name>& op_names, symbol const & logic) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_names.size(); ++i) 
+        if (m_names[i] && i != OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET)
+            op_names.push_back(builtin_name(std::string(m_names[i]), i));    
+}
+
+void finite_set_decl_plugin::get_sort_names(svector<builtin_name>& sort_names, symbol const & logic) {
+    sort_names.push_back(builtin_name("FiniteSet", FINITE_SET_SORT));
+}
+
+expr * finite_set_decl_plugin::get_some_value(sort * s) {
+    if (is_finite_set(s)) {
+        // Return empty set for the given sort
+        parameter param(s);
+        return m_manager->mk_app(m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY, 1, &param, 0, nullptr);
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+bool finite_set_decl_plugin::is_fully_interp(sort * s) const {
+    SASSERT(is_finite_set(s));
+    sort* element_sort = get_element_sort(s);
+    return element_sort && m_manager->is_fully_interp(element_sort);
+}
+
+bool finite_set_decl_plugin::is_value(app * e) const {
+    // Check if e is a union of either empty sets or singleton sets, 
+    // where the singleton member is a value.
+    // Use ptr_buffer and expr_fast_mark1 to avoid exponential overhead.
+    
+    ptr_buffer<expr> todo;
+    expr_fast_mark1 visited;
+    
+    todo.push_back(e);
+    
+    while (!todo.empty()) {
+        expr* current = todo.back();
+        todo.pop_back();
+        
+        // Skip if already visited
+        if (visited.is_marked(current))
+            continue;
+        visited.mark(current);
+        
+        // Check if current is an app
+        if (!is_app(current))
+            return false;
+            
+        app* a = to_app(current);
+        
+        // Check if it's an empty set
+        if (is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY))
+            continue;
+        
+        // Check if it's a singleton with a value element
+        if (is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON)) {
+            if (a->get_num_args() != 1)
+                return false;
+            expr* elem = a->get_arg(0);
+            if (!m_manager->is_value(elem))
+                return false;
+            continue;
+        }
+        
+        // Check if it's a union, intersection, or difference
+        bool is_setop = 
+            is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_UNION) 
+            || is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT)
+            || is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE);
+        if (is_setop) {
+            // Add arguments to todo list
+            for (auto arg : *a) 
+                todo.push_back(arg);            
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE)) {
+            for (auto arg : *a)
+                if (!m_manager->is_value(arg))
+                    return false;
+            continue;
+        }
+        
+        // If it's none of the above, it's not a value
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool finite_set_decl_plugin::is_unique_value(app* e) const {
+    // Empty set is a value
+    // A singleton of a unique value is tagged as unique
+    // ranges are not considered unique even if the bounds are values
+    return is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY) ||
+           (is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON) && m_manager->is_unique_value(to_app(e->get_arg(0))));
+}
+
+bool finite_set_decl_plugin::are_distinct(app* e1, app* e2) const {
+    if (is_unique_value(e1) && is_unique_value(e2))
+        return e1 != e2;
+    finite_set_recognizers r(get_family_id());   
+    if (r.is_empty(e1) && r.is_singleton(e2))
+        return true;
+    if (r.is_singleton(e1) && r.is_empty(e2))
+        return true;
+    expr *x = nullptr, *y = nullptr;
+    if(r.is_singleton(e1, x) && r.is_singleton(e2, y))
+        return m_manager->are_distinct(x, y);
+    
+    // TODO: could be extended to cases where we can prove the sets are different by containing one element
+    // that the other doesn't contain. Such as (union (singleton a) (singleton b)) and (singleton c) where c is different from a, b.
+    return false;
+}
+
+func_decl *finite_set_util::mk_range_decl() {
+    arith_util a(m_manager);
+    sort *i = a.mk_int();
+    sort *domain[2] = {i, i};
+    return m_manager.mk_func_decl(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE, 0, nullptr, 2, domain, nullptr);
+}
+
+app* finite_set_util::mk_unique_set(expr* index, expr* cardinality, sort* s) {
+    parameter params[1] = { parameter(s) };
+    expr *args[2] = {index, cardinality};
+    return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET, 1, params, 2, args);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h b/src/ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea9ab19f07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_decl_plugin.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Declaration plugin for finite sets signatures
+
+Sort:
+    FiniteSet(S)
+
+Operators:
+    set.empty : (FiniteSet S)
+    set.singleton : S -> (FiniteSet S)
+    set.union : (FiniteSet S) (FiniteSet S) -> (FiniteSet S)
+    set.intersect : (FiniteSet S) (FiniteSet S) -> (FiniteSet S)
+    set.difference : (FiniteSet S) (FiniteSet S) -> (FiniteSet S)
+    set.in : S (FiniteSet S) -> Bool
+    set.size : (FiniteSet S) -> Int
+    set.subset : (FiniteSet S) (FiniteSet S) -> Bool
+    set.map : (S -> T) (FiniteSet S) -> (FiniteSet T)
+    set.filter : (S -> Bool) (FiniteSet S) -> (FiniteSet S)
+    set.range : Int Int -> (FiniteSet Int)
+    set.diff : (FiniteSet S) (FiniteSet S) -> S
+   
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/polymorphism_util.h"
+
+enum finite_set_sort_kind {
+    FINITE_SET_SORT
+};
+
+enum finite_set_op_kind {
+    OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_UNION,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_IN,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_MAP,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_EXT,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE,
+    OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET,
+    LAST_FINITE_SET_OP
+};
+
+class finite_set_decl_plugin : public decl_plugin {
+    ptr_vector<polymorphism::psig>   m_sigs;
+    svector<char const*>             m_names;
+    bool                             m_init{false};
+
+    void init();
+    func_decl * mk_empty(sort* set_sort);
+    func_decl * mk_finite_set_op(decl_kind k, unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort* range);
+    sort * get_element_sort(sort* finite_set_sort) const;
+    bool is_finite_set(sort* s) const;
+
+public:
+    finite_set_decl_plugin();
+    ~finite_set_decl_plugin() override;
+
+    decl_plugin * mk_fresh() override {
+        return alloc(finite_set_decl_plugin);
+    }
+    
+    void finalize() override {
+        for (polymorphism::psig* s : m_sigs) 
+            dealloc(s);
+        m_sigs.reset();
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Contract for sort:
+    //   parameters[0]     - element sort
+    //
+    sort * mk_sort(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters) override;
+
+    //
+    // Contract for func_decl:
+    //   For OP_FINITE_SET_MAP and OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER:
+    //     parameters[0]     - function declaration
+    //   For others:
+    //     no parameters
+    func_decl * mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters,
+                             unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range) override;
+
+    void get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic) override;
+
+    void get_sort_names(svector<builtin_name> & sort_names, symbol const & logic) override;
+
+    expr * get_some_value(sort * s) override;
+
+    bool is_fully_interp(sort * s) const override;
+
+    bool is_value(app * e) const override;
+
+    bool is_unique_value(app* e) const override;
+
+    bool are_distinct(app *e1, app *e2) const override;
+
+};
+
+class finite_set_recognizers {
+protected:
+    family_id m_fid;
+public:
+    finite_set_recognizers(family_id fid):m_fid(fid) {}
+    family_id get_family_id() const { return m_fid; }
+    bool is_finite_set(sort* s) const { return is_sort_of(s, m_fid, FINITE_SET_SORT); }
+    bool is_finite_set(sort* s, sort*& elem_sort) const {
+        if (is_finite_set(s)) {
+            elem_sort = to_sort(s->get_parameter(0).get_ast());
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool is_finite_set(expr const* n) const { return is_finite_set(n->get_sort()); }
+    bool is_empty(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY); }
+    bool is_singleton(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON); }
+    bool is_union(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_UNION); }
+    bool is_intersect(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT); }
+    bool is_difference(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE); }
+    bool is_in(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_IN); }
+    bool is_size(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE); }
+    bool is_subset(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET); }
+    bool is_map(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_MAP); }
+    bool is_filter(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER); }
+    bool is_range(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE); }
+    bool is_unique_set(expr const *n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_UNIQUE_SET); } 
+
+    MATCH_UNARY(is_singleton);
+    MATCH_UNARY(is_size);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_union);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_intersect);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_difference);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_in);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_subset);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_map);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_filter);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_range);
+    MATCH_BINARY(is_unique_set);
+};
+
+class finite_set_util : public finite_set_recognizers {
+    ast_manager& m_manager;
+public:
+    finite_set_util(ast_manager& m):
+        finite_set_recognizers(m.mk_family_id("finite_set")), m_manager(m) {}
+    
+    ast_manager& get_manager() const { return m_manager; }
+
+    sort *mk_finite_set_sort(sort *elem_sort) {
+        parameter param(elem_sort);
+        return m_manager.mk_sort(m_fid, FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &param);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_empty(sort* set_sort) {
+        parameter param(set_sort);
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_EMPTY, 1, &param, 0, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_singleton(expr* elem) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON, elem);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_union(expr* s1, expr* s2) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_UNION, s1, s2);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_intersect(expr* s1, expr* s2) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT, s1, s2);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_difference(expr* s1, expr* s2) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE, s1, s2);
+    }
+
+    app *mk_ext(expr *s1, expr *s2) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_EXT, s1, s2);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_in(expr* elem, expr* set) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_IN, elem, set);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_size(expr* set) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE, set);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_subset(expr* s1, expr* s2) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET, s1, s2);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_map(expr* arr, expr* set) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_MAP, arr, set);
+    }
+
+    app *mk_map_inverse(expr *f, expr *x, expr *b) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_MAP_INVERSE, f, x, b);
+    }
+
+    app * mk_filter(expr* arr, expr* set) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_FILTER, arr, set);
+    }
+
+    func_decl *mk_range_decl();
+
+    app *mk_range(expr *low, expr *high) {
+        return m_manager.mk_app(m_fid, OP_FINITE_SET_RANGE, low, high);
+    }
+
+    app *mk_unique_set(expr *s1, expr *s2, sort *s);
+};
diff --git a/src/ast/for_each_expr.cpp b/src/ast/for_each_expr.cpp
index ebad5760cb..ee61f7587e 100644
--- a/src/ast/for_each_expr.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/for_each_expr.cpp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace has_skolem_functions_ns {
         void operator()(app const * n) const { if (n->get_decl()->is_skolem() && n->get_num_args() > 0) throw found(); }
         void operator()(quantifier * n) const {}
     };
-};
+}
 
 bool has_skolem_functions(expr * n) {
     has_skolem_functions_ns::proc p;
diff --git a/src/ast/format.cpp b/src/ast/format.cpp
index 6583e9893d..a21f21eebf 100644
--- a/src/ast/format.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/format.cpp
@@ -195,4 +195,4 @@ namespace format_ns {
         return fm(m).mk_app(fid(m), OP_NIL);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/format.h b/src/ast/format.h
index 2714d54b74..b7356b8029 100644
--- a/src/ast/format.h
+++ b/src/ast/format.h
@@ -198,6 +198,6 @@ namespace format_ns {
         return mk_seq4(m, begin, end, proc, static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(lp)), lp, rp);
     }
   
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.cpp b/src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.cpp
index 288bcab4e7..d2431174e8 100644
--- a/src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.cpp
@@ -2823,9 +2823,14 @@ void fpa2bv_converter::mk_to_fp_real(func_decl * f, sort * s, expr * rm, expr *
         mk_is_rm(bv_rm, BV_RM_TO_NEGATIVE, rm_tn);
         mk_is_rm(bv_rm, BV_RM_TO_ZERO, rm_tz);
 
+        // IEEE 754: RNE/RNA carry all overflows to infinity with the sign of the result.
+        // RTP carries positive overflow to +inf, RTN carries negative overflow to -inf.
+        expr_ref rm_rounds_to_pinf(m), rm_rounds_to_ninf(m);
+        rm_rounds_to_pinf = m.mk_or(rm_tp, m.mk_or(rm_nte, rm_nta));
+        rm_rounds_to_ninf = m.mk_or(rm_tn, m.mk_or(rm_nte, rm_nta));
         expr_ref implies_gt_max_real(m), implies_lt_min_real(m);
-        implies_gt_max_real = m.mk_implies(r_is_pinf, m.mk_and(rm_tp, m_arith_util.mk_gt(x, e_max_real)));
-        implies_lt_min_real = m.mk_implies(r_is_ninf, m.mk_and(rm_tn, m_arith_util.mk_lt(x, e_max_real_neg)));
+        implies_gt_max_real = m.mk_implies(r_is_pinf, m.mk_and(rm_rounds_to_pinf, m_arith_util.mk_gt(x, e_max_real)));
+        implies_lt_min_real = m.mk_implies(r_is_ninf, m.mk_and(rm_rounds_to_ninf, m_arith_util.mk_lt(x, e_max_real_neg)));
 
         m_extra_assertions.push_back(implies_gt_max_real);
         m_extra_assertions.push_back(implies_lt_min_real);
@@ -2948,12 +2953,16 @@ void fpa2bv_converter::mk_to_real(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * ar
     dbg_decouple("fpa2bv_to_real_rsig", rsig);
 
     expr_ref exp_n(m), exp_p(m), exp_is_neg(m), exp_abs(m);
-    exp_is_neg = m.mk_eq(m_bv_util.mk_extract(ebits - 1, ebits - 1, exp), bv1);
-    dbg_decouple("fpa2bv_to_real_exp_is_neg", exp_is_neg);
     exp_p = m_bv_util.mk_sign_extend(1, exp);
+    // Subtract the normalization shift for denormals (lz is 0 for normals)
+    expr_ref lz_ext(m);
+    lz_ext = m_bv_util.mk_zero_extend(1, lz);
+    exp_p = m_bv_util.mk_bv_sub(exp_p, lz_ext);
+    exp_is_neg = m.mk_eq(m_bv_util.mk_extract(ebits, ebits, exp_p), bv1);
+    dbg_decouple("fpa2bv_to_real_exp_is_neg", exp_is_neg);
     exp_n = m_bv_util.mk_bv_neg(exp_p);
     exp_abs = m.mk_ite(exp_is_neg, exp_n, exp_p);
-    dbg_decouple("fpa2bv_to_real_exp_abs", exp);
+    dbg_decouple("fpa2bv_to_real_exp_abs", exp_abs);
     SASSERT(m_bv_util.get_bv_size(exp_abs) == ebits + 1);
 
     expr_ref exp2(m), exp2_mul_2(m), prev_bit(m);
@@ -2967,13 +2976,12 @@ void fpa2bv_converter::mk_to_real(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * ar
         prev_bit = bit;
     }
 
-    expr_ref one_div_exp2(m);
-    one_div_exp2 = m_arith_util.mk_div(one, exp2);
-    exp2 = m.mk_ite(exp_is_neg, one_div_exp2, exp2);
-    dbg_decouple("fpa2bv_to_real_exp2", exp2);
-
-    expr_ref res(m), two_exp2(m), minus_res(m), sgn_is_1(m);
+    expr_ref two_exp2(m), one_div_two_exp2(m);
     two_exp2 = m_arith_util.mk_power(two, exp2);
+    one_div_two_exp2 = m_arith_util.mk_div(one, two_exp2);
+    two_exp2 = m.mk_ite(exp_is_neg, one_div_two_exp2, two_exp2);
+    dbg_decouple("fpa2bv_to_real_exp2", two_exp2);
+    expr_ref res(m), minus_res(m), sgn_is_1(m);
     res = m_arith_util.mk_mul(rsig, two_exp2);
     minus_res = m_arith_util.mk_uminus(res);
     sgn_is_1 = m.mk_eq(sgn, bv1);
@@ -2981,7 +2989,7 @@ void fpa2bv_converter::mk_to_real(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * ar
     dbg_decouple("fpa2bv_to_real_sig_times_exp2", res);
 
     TRACE(fpa2bv_to_real, tout << "rsig = " << mk_ismt2_pp(rsig, m) << std::endl;
-    tout << "exp2 = " << mk_ismt2_pp(exp2, m) << std::endl;);
+    tout << "two_exp2 = " << mk_ismt2_pp(two_exp2, m) << std::endl;);
 
     expr_ref unspec(m);
     mk_to_real_unspecified(f, num, args, unspec);
diff --git a/src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.h b/src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.h
index e237c0dcde..0350694082 100644
--- a/src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.h
+++ b/src/ast/fpa/fpa2bv_converter.h
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ public:
     void dbg_decouple(const char * prefix, expr_ref & e);
     expr_ref_vector m_extra_assertions;
 
-    special_t const & get_min_max_specials() const { return m_min_max_ufs; };
-    const2bv_t const & get_const2bv() const { return m_const2bv; };
-    const2bv_t const & get_rm_const2bv() const { return m_rm_const2bv; };
-    uf2bvuf_t const & get_uf2bvuf() const { return m_uf2bvuf; };
+    special_t const & get_min_max_specials() const { return m_min_max_ufs; }
+    const2bv_t const & get_const2bv() const { return m_const2bv; }
+    const2bv_t const & get_rm_const2bv() const { return m_rm_const2bv; }
+    uf2bvuf_t const & get_uf2bvuf() const { return m_uf2bvuf; }
 
 protected:
     void mk_one(func_decl *f, expr_ref & sign, expr_ref & result);
diff --git a/src/ast/macros/macro_manager.cpp b/src/ast/macros/macro_manager.cpp
index a9a0c77fcf..a9a4618909 100644
--- a/src/ast/macros/macro_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/macros/macro_manager.cpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace macro_manager_ns {
             }
         }
     };
-};
+}
 
 /**
    \brief Mark all func_decls used in exprs as forbidden.
diff --git a/src/ast/macros/quasi_macros.cpp b/src/ast/macros/quasi_macros.cpp
index 094a7cabab..a8fa7187ef 100644
--- a/src/ast/macros/quasi_macros.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/macros/quasi_macros.cpp
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void quasi_macros::find_occurrences(expr * e) {
             default: UNREACHABLE();
         }
     }
-};
+}
 
 bool quasi_macros::is_non_ground_uninterp(expr const * e) const {
     return is_non_ground(e) && is_uninterp(e);
diff --git a/src/ast/normal_forms/defined_names.cpp b/src/ast/normal_forms/defined_names.cpp
index 997022c698..9bb2b89c25 100644
--- a/src/ast/normal_forms/defined_names.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/normal_forms/defined_names.cpp
@@ -121,9 +121,6 @@ app * defined_names::impl::gen_name(expr * e, sort_ref_buffer & var_sorts, buffe
     sort * range = e->get_sort();
     func_decl * new_skolem_decl = m.mk_fresh_func_decl(m_z3name, symbol::null, domain.size(), domain.data(), range);
     app * n = m.mk_app(new_skolem_decl, new_args.size(), new_args.data());
-    if (is_lambda(e)) {
-        m.add_lambda_def(new_skolem_decl, to_quantifier(e));
-    }
     return n;
 }
 
@@ -193,43 +190,7 @@ void defined_names::impl::mk_definition(expr * e, app * n, sort_ref_buffer & var
     else if (m.is_term_ite(e)) {
         bound_vars(var_sorts, var_names, MK_OR(MK_NOT(to_app(e)->get_arg(0)), MK_EQ(n, to_app(e)->get_arg(1))), n, defs);
         bound_vars(var_sorts, var_names, MK_OR(to_app(e)->get_arg(0),         MK_EQ(n, to_app(e)->get_arg(2))), n, defs);
-    }
-    else if (is_lambda(e)) {
-        //    n(y) = \x . M[x,y]
-        // => 
-        //    n(y)[x] = M,  forall x y
-        // 
-        // NB. The pattern is incomplete.
-        // consider store(a, i, v) == \lambda j . if i = j then v else a[j]
-        // the instantiation rules for store(a, i, v) are:
-        //     store(a, i, v)[j] = if i = j then v else a[j] with patterns {a[j], store(a, i, v)} { store(a, i, v)[j] }
-        // The first pattern is not included.
-        // TBD use a model-based scheme for extracting instantiations instead of
-        // using multi-patterns.
-        // 
-
-        quantifier* q = to_quantifier(e);
-        expr_ref_vector args(m);
-        expr_ref n2(m), n3(m);
-        var_shifter vs(m);
-        vs(n, q->get_num_decls(), n2);        
-        args.push_back(n2);
-        var_sorts.append(q->get_num_decls(), q->get_decl_sorts());
-        var_names.append(q->get_num_decls(), q->get_decl_names());
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < q->get_num_decls(); ++i) {
-            args.push_back(m.mk_var(q->get_num_decls() - i - 1, q->get_decl_sort(i)));
-        }
-        array_util autil(m);
-        func_decl * f = nullptr;
-        if (autil.is_as_array(n2, f)) {
-            n3 = m.mk_app(f, args.size()-1, args.data() + 1);
-        }
-        else {
-            n3 = autil.mk_select(args.size(), args.data());
-        }
-        bound_vars(var_sorts, var_names, MK_EQ(q->get_expr(), n3), to_app(n3), defs, m.lambda_def_qid());
-        
-    }
+    }    
     else {
         bound_vars(var_sorts, var_names, MK_EQ(e, n), n, defs);
     }
diff --git a/src/ast/normal_forms/name_exprs.cpp b/src/ast/normal_forms/name_exprs.cpp
index 9cf1ab08ff..577c3d51a3 100644
--- a/src/ast/normal_forms/name_exprs.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/normal_forms/name_exprs.cpp
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class name_quantifier_labels : public name_exprs_core {
     public:
         pred(ast_manager & m):m(m) {}
         bool operator()(expr * t) override {
-            return is_quantifier(t) || m.is_label(t);
+            return (is_quantifier(t) && !is_lambda(t)) || m.is_label(t);
         }
     };
     
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class name_nested_formulas : public name_exprs_core {
             TRACE(name_exprs, tout << "name_nested_formulas::pred:\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(t, m) << "\n";);
             if (is_app(t)) 
                 return to_app(t)->get_family_id() == m.get_basic_family_id() && to_app(t)->get_num_args() > 0 && t != m_root;
-            return m.is_label(t) || is_quantifier(t);
+            return m.is_label(t) || (is_quantifier(t) && !is_lambda(t));
         }
     };
     
diff --git a/src/ast/normal_forms/pull_quant.cpp b/src/ast/normal_forms/pull_quant.cpp
index a37580b869..be84afcc90 100644
--- a/src/ast/normal_forms/pull_quant.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/normal_forms/pull_quant.cpp
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ struct pull_quant::imp {
 				 var_names.data(),
 				 nested_q->get_expr(),
 				 std::min(q->get_weight(), nested_q->get_weight()),
-				 m.is_lambda_def(q) ? symbol("pulled-lambda") : q->get_qid());
+				 q->get_qid());
         }
 
         void pull_quant1(quantifier * q, expr * new_expr, expr_ref & result) {
diff --git a/src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.cpp b/src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.cpp
index 6d3518de08..ff0ab73160 100644
--- a/src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@ Author:
 
 Revision History:
 
+Rules:
+
+- A pattern can contain a binder (lambda).
+- A pattern can occur under a binder
+- A pattern cannot contain bound variables
+
+Patterns are down-shifted by number of bound variables in scope to 
+align with quantifier where pattern is associated.
+
+
 --*/
 
 #include "util/warning.h"
@@ -42,9 +52,7 @@ bool smaller_pattern::process(expr * p1, expr * p2) {
     m_cache.reset();
     save(p1, p2);
     while (!m_todo.empty()) {
-        expr_pair & curr = m_todo.back();
-        p1 = curr.first;
-        p2 = curr.second;
+        auto [p1, p2] = m_todo.back();
         m_todo.pop_back();
         ast_kind k1 = p1->get_kind();
         if (k1 != AST_VAR && k1 != p2->get_kind())
@@ -123,12 +131,11 @@ void pattern_inference_cfg::collect::operator()(expr * n, unsigned num_bindings)
     SASSERT(m_info.empty());
     SASSERT(m_todo.empty());
     SASSERT(m_cache.empty());
+    SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, n));
     m_num_bindings = num_bindings;
     m_todo.push_back(entry(n, 0));
     while (!m_todo.empty()) {
-        entry & e      = m_todo.back();
-        n              = e.m_node;
-        unsigned delta = e.m_delta;
+        auto [n, delta] = m_todo.back();
         TRACE(collect, tout << "processing: " << n->get_id() << " " << delta << " kind: " << n->get_kind() << "\n";);
         TRACE(collect_info, tout << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         if (visit_children(n, delta)) {
@@ -176,22 +183,14 @@ inline void pattern_inference_cfg::collect::save(expr * n, unsigned delta, info
 void pattern_inference_cfg::collect::save_candidate(expr * n, unsigned delta) {
     switch (n->get_kind()) {
     case AST_VAR: {
+        uint_set free_vars, bound_vars;
         unsigned idx = to_var(n)->get_idx();
-        if (idx >= delta) {
-            idx = idx - delta;
-            uint_set free_vars;
-            if (idx < m_num_bindings)
-                free_vars.insert(idx);
-            info * i = nullptr;
-            if (delta == 0)
-                i = alloc(info, m, n, free_vars, 1);
-            else
-                i = alloc(info, m, m.mk_var(idx, to_var(n)->get_sort()), free_vars, 1);
-            save(n, delta, i);
-        }
-        else {
-            save(n, delta, nullptr);
-        }
+        if (delta <= idx && idx < m_num_bindings + delta) 
+            free_vars.insert(idx - delta);
+        else if (idx < delta)
+            bound_vars.insert(idx);
+        info * i = alloc(info, free_vars, bound_vars, 1);
+        save(n, delta, i);
         return;
     }
     case AST_APP: {
@@ -203,57 +202,59 @@ void pattern_inference_cfg::collect::save_candidate(expr * n, unsigned delta) {
         }
 
         if (c->get_num_args() == 0) {
-            save(n, delta, alloc(info, m, n, uint_set(), 1));
+            save(n, delta, alloc(info, uint_set(), uint_set(), 1));
             return;
         }
 
-        ptr_buffer<expr> buffer;
-        bool changed   = false; // false if none of the children is mapped to a node different from itself.
-        uint_set free_vars;
+        uint_set free_vars, bound_vars;
         unsigned size  = 1;
-        unsigned num   = c->get_num_args();
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
-            expr * child      = c->get_arg(i);
+        for (expr *child : *c) {
             info * child_info = nullptr;
-#ifdef Z3DEBUG
-            bool found =
-#endif
-            m_cache.find(entry(child, delta), child_info);
-            SASSERT(found);
-            if (child_info == nullptr) {
+            VERIFY(m_cache.find(entry(child, delta), child_info));
+            if (!child_info) {
                 save(n, delta, nullptr);
                 return;
             }
-            buffer.push_back(child_info->m_node.get());
-            free_vars |= child_info->m_free_vars;
-            size      += child_info->m_size;
-            if (child != child_info->m_node.get())
-                changed = true;
+            free_vars  |= child_info->m_free_vars;
+            bound_vars |= child_info->m_bound_vars;
+            size       += child_info->m_size;
         }
 
-        app * new_node = nullptr;
-        if (changed)
-            new_node = m.mk_app(decl, buffer.size(), buffer.data());
-        else
-            new_node = to_app(n);
-        save(n, delta, alloc(info, m, new_node, free_vars, size));
+        save(n, delta, alloc(info, free_vars, bound_vars, size));
         // Remark: arithmetic patterns are only used if they are nested inside other terms.
         // That is, we never consider x + 1 as pattern. On the other hand, f(x+1) can be a pattern
-        // if arithmetic is not in the forbidden list.
-        //
-        // Remark: The rule above has an exception. The operators (div, idiv, mod) are allowed to be
-        // used as patterns even when they are not nested in other terms. The motivation is that
-        // Z3 currently doesn't implement them (i.e., they are uninterpreted). So, some users add axioms
-        // stating properties about these operators.
+        // if arithmetic is not in the forbidden list.        
         family_id fid = c->get_family_id();
         decl_kind k   = c->get_decl_kind();
-        if (!free_vars.empty() &&            
+        if (!free_vars.empty() &&       
+            bound_vars.empty() &&
             (fid != m_afid || (fid == m_afid && !m_owner.m_nested_arith_only && (k == OP_DIV || k == OP_IDIV || k == OP_MOD || k == OP_REM || k == OP_MUL)))) {
-            TRACE(pattern_inference, tout << "potential candidate: \n" << mk_pp(new_node, m) << "\n";);
-            m_owner.add_candidate(new_node, free_vars, size);
+            TRACE(pattern_inference, tout << "potential candidate: \n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
+            inv_var_shifter sh(m);
+            expr_ref r(m);
+            sh(n, delta, r);
+            m_owner.add_candidate(to_app(r), free_vars, size);
         }
         return;
     }
+    case AST_QUANTIFIER: {
+        quantifier * q = to_quantifier(n);
+        unsigned num_decls = q->get_num_decls();
+        info * body_info = nullptr;
+        expr *body = q->get_expr();
+        m_cache.find(entry(body, delta + num_decls), body_info);
+        if (!body_info) {
+            save(n, delta, nullptr);
+            return;
+        }
+        uint_set bound_vars;
+        for (auto b : body_info->m_bound_vars) 
+            if (b >= num_decls)
+                bound_vars.insert(b - num_decls);
+        
+        save(n, delta, alloc(info, body_info->m_free_vars, bound_vars, body_info->m_size + 1));
+        return;
+    }
     default:
         save(n, delta, nullptr);
         return;
@@ -363,6 +364,8 @@ bool pattern_inference_cfg::contains_subpattern::operator()(expr * n) {
             break;
         case AST_VAR:
             break;
+        case AST_QUANTIFIER: 
+            break;
         default:
             UNREACHABLE();
         }
@@ -525,7 +528,7 @@ void pattern_inference_cfg::reset_pre_patterns() {
 
 
 bool pattern_inference_cfg::is_forbidden(app * n) const {
-    func_decl const * decl = n->get_decl();
+    func_decl * decl = n->get_decl();
     if (is_ground(n))
         return false;
     // Remark: skolem constants should not be used in patterns, since they do not
diff --git a/src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.h b/src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.h
index 6ea9777a10..be80368941 100644
--- a/src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.h
+++ b/src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference.h
@@ -125,11 +125,10 @@ class pattern_inference_cfg :  public default_rewriter_cfg {
         };
         
         struct info {
-            expr_ref    m_node;
-            uint_set    m_free_vars;
+            uint_set    m_free_vars, m_bound_vars;
             unsigned    m_size;
-            info(ast_manager & m, expr * n, uint_set const & vars, unsigned sz):
-                m_node(n, m), m_free_vars(vars), m_size(sz) {}
+            info(uint_set const & fvars, uint_set const& bvars, unsigned sz):
+                m_free_vars(fvars), m_bound_vars(bvars), m_size(sz) {}
         };
         
         ast_manager &            m;
diff --git a/src/ast/polymorphism_inst.cpp b/src/ast/polymorphism_inst.cpp
index be91c8f5e3..5070f66d67 100644
--- a/src/ast/polymorphism_inst.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/polymorphism_inst.cpp
@@ -57,9 +57,11 @@ namespace polymorphism {
         m_assertions.push_back(e);
         t.push(push_back_vector(m_assertions));
         u.collect_type_vars(e, inst.m_tvs);
+        auto* init = alloc(substitution, m);
         inst.m_subst = alloc(substitutions);
-        inst.m_subst->insert(alloc(substitution, m));
+        inst.m_subst->insert(init);
         m_instances.insert(e, inst);            
+        t.push(new_obj_trail(init));
         t.push(new_obj_trail(inst.m_subst));
         t.push(insert_map(m_instances, e));        
     }
@@ -107,13 +109,14 @@ namespace polymorphism {
         auto const& [tv, fns, substs] = m_instances[e];
                 
         for (auto* f2 : fns) {
-            substitution sub1(m), new_sub(m);
+            substitution sub1(m);
             if (!u.unify(f1, f2, sub1))
                 continue;
             if (substs->contains(&sub1))
                 continue;
             substitutions new_substs;
             for (auto* sub2 : *substs) {
+                substitution new_sub(m);
                 if (!u.unify(sub1, *sub2, new_sub))
                     continue;
                 if (substs->contains(&new_sub))
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ namespace polymorphism {
                     new_substs.insert(new_sub1);
                     m_from_instantiation.insert(e_inst);
                     m.inc_ref(e_inst);
-                    t.push(insert_ref_map(m, m_from_instantiation, e_inst));
+                    t.push(insert_ref_map(m, m_from_instantiation, e_inst.get()));
                 }
             }
             for (auto* sub2 : new_substs) {
diff --git a/src/ast/polymorphism_inst.h b/src/ast/polymorphism_inst.h
index 1d171b3143..d9a6ed943d 100644
--- a/src/ast/polymorphism_inst.h
+++ b/src/ast/polymorphism_inst.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace polymorphism {
             void undo() override {
                 i.m_in_decl_queue.mark(i.m_decl_queue.back(), false);
                 i.m_decl_queue.pop_back();
-            };
+            }
         };
 
         struct remove_back : public trail {
diff --git a/src/ast/polymorphism_util.cpp b/src/ast/polymorphism_util.cpp
index 3431dd0343..a0c2bad502 100644
--- a/src/ast/polymorphism_util.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/polymorphism_util.cpp
@@ -39,11 +39,13 @@ namespace polymorphism {
         }
         unsigned n = s->get_num_parameters();
         vector<parameter> ps;
+        sort_ref_vector pin(m); // keep substituted sub-sorts alive until mk_sort below
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
             auto &p = s->get_parameter(i);
             if (p.is_ast() && is_sort(p.get_ast())) {
-                sort_ref s = (*this)(to_sort(p.get_ast()));
-                ps.push_back(parameter(s.get()));
+                sort_ref ss = (*this)(to_sort(p.get_ast()));
+                pin.push_back(ss);
+                ps.push_back(parameter(ss.get()));
             }
             else
                 ps.push_back(p);
@@ -242,15 +244,27 @@ namespace polymorphism {
     bool util::unify(substitution const& s1, substitution const& s2,
                      substitution& sub) {
         sort* v2;
-        for (auto const& [k, v] : s1)
+        SASSERT(&s1 != &sub);
+        SASSERT(&s2 != &sub);
+        for (auto const& [k, v] : s1) {
+            // Guard against building a cyclic substitution (e.g. A |-> list(A)),
+            // which would make substitution application diverge. Such a binding
+            // means the two substitutions are not simultaneously unifiable.
+            if (occurs(k, v))
+                return false;
             sub.insert(k, v);
+        }
         for (auto const& [k, v] : s2) {
             if (sub.find(k, v2)) {
                 if (!sub.unify(sub(v), v2))
                     return false;
             }
-            else
-                sub.insert(k, sub(v));
+            else {
+                sort_ref vr = sub(v);
+                if (occurs(k, vr))
+                    return false;
+                sub.insert(k, vr);
+            }
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -350,4 +364,31 @@ namespace polymorphism {
         proc proc(m, tvs);
         for_each_ast(proc, e, true);
     }
+
+    void util::match(psig& sig, unsigned dsz, sort* const* dom, sort* range, sort_ref& range_out) {
+        if (dsz != sig.m_dom.size()) {
+            std::ostringstream strm;
+            strm << "Incorrect number of arguments to '" << sig.m_name << "' ";
+            strm << "expected " << sig.m_dom.size() << " given " << dsz;
+            m.raise_exception(strm.str());
+        }
+        
+        substitution sub(m);
+        bool is_match = true;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; is_match && i < dsz; ++i) {
+            SASSERT(dom[i]);
+            is_match = sub.match(sig.m_dom.get(i), dom[i]);
+        }
+        if (range && is_match) {
+            is_match = sub.match(sig.m_range, range);
+        }
+        if (!is_match) {
+            std::ostringstream strm;
+            strm << "Sort mismatch for function '" << sig.m_name << "'";
+            m.raise_exception(strm.str());
+        }
+        
+        // Apply substitution to get the range
+        range_out = sub(sig.m_range);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/ast/polymorphism_util.h b/src/ast/polymorphism_util.h
index 3023d03387..d7591b7fba 100644
--- a/src/ast/polymorphism_util.h
+++ b/src/ast/polymorphism_util.h
@@ -77,6 +77,24 @@ namespace polymorphism {
     };
 
     typedef hashtable<substitution*, substitution::hash, substitution::eq> substitutions;
+
+    /**
+     * Polymorphic signature for operators
+     */
+    struct psig {
+        symbol          m_name;
+        unsigned        m_num_params;
+        sort_ref_vector m_dom;
+        sort_ref        m_range;
+        psig(ast_manager& m, char const* name, unsigned n, unsigned dsz, sort* const* dom, sort* rng):
+            m_name(name),
+            m_num_params(n),
+            m_dom(m),
+            m_range(rng, m)
+        {
+            m_dom.append(dsz, dom);
+        }
+    };
     
     class util {
         ast_manager&         m;
@@ -99,6 +117,13 @@ namespace polymorphism {
                    substitution& sub);
 
         bool match(substitution& sub, sort* s1, sort* s_ground);
+
+        /**
+         * Match a polymorphic signature against concrete argument sorts.
+         * Raises exception if arity mismatch or type mismatch.
+         * Returns the instantiated range sort via range_out.
+         */
+        void match(psig& sig, unsigned dsz, sort* const* dom, sort* range, sort_ref& range_out);
                         
         // collect instantiations of polymorphic functions
         void collect_poly_instances(expr* e, ptr_vector<func_decl>& instances);
diff --git a/src/ast/quantifier_stat.cpp b/src/ast/quantifier_stat.cpp
index 17efb11e9a..a09d8bd928 100644
--- a/src/ast/quantifier_stat.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/quantifier_stat.cpp
@@ -115,5 +115,5 @@ namespace q {
         return r;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/quantifier_stat.h b/src/ast/quantifier_stat.h
index 45fd58530c..5bff878f1c 100644
--- a/src/ast/quantifier_stat.h
+++ b/src/ast/quantifier_stat.h
@@ -149,6 +149,6 @@ namespace q {
         quantifier_stat * operator()(quantifier * q, unsigned generation);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/ast/recfun_decl_plugin.cpp b/src/ast/recfun_decl_plugin.cpp
index 9da36b27aa..1195a86da3 100644
--- a/src/ast/recfun_decl_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/recfun_decl_plugin.cpp
@@ -437,7 +437,8 @@ namespace recfun {
 
         promise_def plugin::mk_def(symbol const& name, unsigned n, sort *const * params, sort * range, bool is_generated) {
             def* d = u().decl_fun(name, n, params, range, is_generated);
-            SASSERT(!m_defs.contains(d->get_decl()));
+            if (m_defs.contains(d->get_decl()))
+                throw default_exception(std::string("recursive function ") + name.str() + " already defined");
             m_defs.insert(d->get_decl(), d);
             return promise_def(&u(), d);
         }
diff --git a/src/ast/recfun_decl_plugin.h b/src/ast/recfun_decl_plugin.h
index d9fe07dcf3..f876d3ce89 100644
--- a/src/ast/recfun_decl_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/recfun_decl_plugin.h
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace recfun {
         func_decl_ref       m_pred; //<! predicate used for this case
         expr_ref_vector     m_guards; //<! conjunction that is equivalent to this case
         expr_ref            m_rhs; //<! if guard is true, `f(t1...tn) = rhs` holds
-        def *               m_def = nullptr;; //<! definition this is a part of
+        def *               m_def = nullptr; //<! definition this is a part of
         bool                m_immediate = false; //<! does `rhs` contain no defined_fun/case_pred?
 
         case_def(ast_manager& m):
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ namespace recfun {
         expr * get_guard(unsigned i) const { return m_guards[i]; }
         expr * get_rhs() const { return m_rhs; }
         unsigned num_guards() const { return m_guards.size(); }
-        bool is_immediate() const { return m_immediate; };
+        bool is_immediate() const { return m_immediate; }
         void set_is_immediate(bool b) { m_immediate = b; }
     };
 
diff --git a/src/ast/reg_decl_plugins.cpp b/src/ast/reg_decl_plugins.cpp
index 8cb0bbe5a7..18b3e79cb3 100644
--- a/src/ast/reg_decl_plugins.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/reg_decl_plugins.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast/pb_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/fpa_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/special_relations_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
 
 void reg_decl_plugins(ast_manager & m) {
     if (!m.get_plugin(m.mk_family_id(symbol("arith")))) {
@@ -64,4 +65,7 @@ void reg_decl_plugins(ast_manager & m) {
     if (!m.get_plugin(m.mk_family_id(symbol("specrels")))) {
         m.register_plugin(symbol("specrels"), alloc(special_relations_decl_plugin));
     }
+    if (!m.get_plugin(m.mk_family_id(symbol("finite_set")))) {
+        m.register_plugin(symbol("finite_set"), alloc(finite_set_decl_plugin));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/CMakeLists.txt b/src/ast/rewriter/CMakeLists.txt
index 8e6306c7e4..df06cedfe3 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ z3_add_component(rewriter
     expr_safe_replace.cpp
     factor_equivs.cpp
     factor_rewriter.cpp
+    finite_set_axioms.cpp
+    finite_set_rewriter.cpp
     fpa_rewriter.cpp
     func_decl_replace.cpp
     inj_axiom.cpp
@@ -37,8 +39,16 @@ z3_add_component(rewriter
     rewriter.cpp
     seq_axioms.cpp
     seq_eq_solver.cpp
+    seq_derive.cpp
+    seq_subset.cpp
+    seq_split.cpp
+    seq_derive.cpp
+    seq_range_collapse.cpp
+    seq_range_predicate.cpp
     seq_rewriter.cpp
+    seq_regex_bisim.cpp
     seq_skolem.cpp
+    term_enumeration.cpp
     th_rewriter.cpp
     value_sweep.cpp
     var_subst.cpp
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/arith_rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/arith_rewriter.cpp
index 228a38f86d..b22ce62738 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/arith_rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/arith_rewriter.cpp
@@ -292,6 +292,40 @@ bool arith_rewriter::is_non_negative(expr* e) {
     }
     if (sign)
         return false;
+
+    // For integer products, check if unpaired factors form consecutive pairs.
+    // x * (x + 1) >= 0 for all integers since no integer lies strictly between -1 and 0.
+    if (m_util.is_int(e)) {
+        expr_mark seen;
+        ptr_buffer<expr> odd_args;
+        for (expr* arg : args)
+            if (mark.is_marked(arg) && !seen.is_marked(arg)) {
+                seen.mark(arg, true);
+                odd_args.push_back(arg);
+            }
+        if (odd_args.size() == 2) {
+            auto is_succ = [&](expr* a, expr* b) {
+                if (!m_util.is_add(b))
+                    return false;
+                app* add = to_app(b);
+                rational offset(0);
+                unsigned num_a = 0;
+                for (expr* arg : *add) {
+                    rational c;
+                    if (m_util.is_numeral(arg, c))
+                        offset += c;
+                    else if (arg == a)
+                        ++num_a;
+                    else
+                        return false;
+                }
+                return num_a == 1 && (offset.is_one() || offset.is_minus_one());
+            };
+            if (is_succ(odd_args[0], odd_args[1]) || is_succ(odd_args[1], odd_args[0]))
+                return true;
+        }
+    }
+
     for (expr* arg : args) 
         if (mark.is_marked(arg)) 
             return false;
@@ -312,6 +346,11 @@ br_status arith_rewriter::is_separated(expr* arg1, expr* arg2, op_kind kind, exp
     bool has_bound = true;
     if (!m_util.is_numeral(arg2, r2))
         return BR_FAILED;
+
+    if (kind == GE && r2.is_zero() && m_util.is_mul(arg1) && is_non_negative(arg1)) {
+        result = m.mk_true();
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
     auto update_bound = [&](expr* arg) {
         if (m_util.is_numeral(arg, r1)) {
             bound += r1;
@@ -1391,9 +1430,21 @@ br_status arith_rewriter::mk_mod_core(expr * arg1, expr * arg2, expr_ref & resul
 
     // mod is idempotent on non-zero modulus.
     expr* t1, *t2;
-    if (m_util.is_mod(arg1, t1, t2) && t2 == arg2 && is_num2 && is_int && !v2.is_zero()) {
-        result = arg1;
-        return BR_DONE;
+    if (m_util.is_mod(arg1, t1, t2) && t2 == arg2) {
+        if (is_num2 && is_int && !v2.is_zero()) {
+            result = arg1;
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+        // Symbolic modulus: mod (mod x y) y → ite(y = 0, mod (mod x 0) 0, mod x y).
+        // Valid for all y: for y != 0, idempotency holds, returning mod x y (arg1);
+        // for y = 0, both sides evaluate to mod0(mod0(x,0),0).
+        if (!is_num2 && m_util.is_int(arg2)) {
+            expr_ref zero(m_util.mk_int(0), m);
+            result = m.mk_ite(m.mk_eq(arg2, zero),
+                              m_util.mk_mod(m_util.mk_mod(t1, zero), zero),
+                              arg1);
+            return BR_REWRITE2;
+        }
     }
 
     // propagate mod inside only if there is something to reduce.
@@ -1426,6 +1477,44 @@ br_status arith_rewriter::mk_mod_core(expr * arg1, expr * arg2, expr_ref & resul
         }
     }
 
+    // For symbolic modulus: remove summands that are multiples of the modulus.
+    // mod (a + k*y) y = mod a y  (valid for all y, including y=0 since k*0 = 0).
+    if (!is_num2 && m_util.is_int(arg2) && is_add(arg1)) {
+        expr_ref_buffer args(m);
+        bool change = false;
+        for (expr* arg : *to_app(arg1)) {
+            if (arg == arg2) {
+                // summand equals the modulus y: drop it (y ≡ 0 mod y for all y)
+                change = true;
+            }
+            else if (m_util.is_mul(arg, t1, t2)) {
+                rational coeff;
+                if ((m_util.is_numeral(t1, coeff) && t2 == arg2) ||
+                    (m_util.is_numeral(t2, coeff) && t1 == arg2)) {
+                    // summand is k*y for some numeral k: drop it
+                    change = true;
+                }
+                else {
+                    args.push_back(arg);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                args.push_back(arg);
+            }
+        }
+        if (change) {
+            expr_ref new_arg1(m);
+            // When all summands are multiples of the modulus, the sum reduces to 0.
+            // mod(0, y) will be further simplified by subsequent rewrites.
+            if (args.empty())
+                new_arg1 = m_util.mk_int(0);
+            else
+                new_arg1 = m_util.mk_add(args.size(), args.data());
+            result = m_util.mk_mod(new_arg1, arg2);
+            return BR_REWRITE3;
+        }
+    }
+
     expr* x = nullptr, * y = nullptr, * z = nullptr;
     if (is_num2 && v2.is_pos() && m_util.is_mul(arg1, x, y) && m_util.is_numeral(x, v1, is_int) && v1 > 0 && divides(v1, v2)) {
         result = m_util.mk_mul(m_util.mk_int(v1), m_util.mk_mod(y, m_util.mk_int(v2/v1)));        
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.cpp
index 67f9691973..5bad27defe 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "ast/ast_util.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
+#include "ast/well_sorted.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/var_subst.h"
 #include "params/array_rewriter_params.hpp"
 #include "util/util.h"
@@ -398,6 +399,40 @@ br_status array_rewriter::mk_select_core(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args,
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
 
+br_status array_rewriter::mk_lambda_core(quantifier * q, expr * body, expr_ref & result) {
+    // Array eta-reduction:
+    //   (lambda (x_0 ... x_{k-1}) (select a x_0 ... x_{k-1}))  -->  a
+    // sound by array extensionality, provided 'a' is independent of the bound
+    // variables x_0..x_{k-1}.
+    if (!m_util.is_select(body))
+        return BR_FAILED;
+    app * sel = to_app(body);
+    unsigned k = q->get_num_decls();
+    // select over a k-dimensional array takes the array plus k indices.
+    if (sel->get_num_args() != k + 1)
+        return BR_FAILED;
+    // The j-th index argument must be exactly the bound variable of the j-th
+    // declaration. With de Bruijn indexing the j-th declaration is var(k-1-j).
+    for (unsigned j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
+        expr * idx = sel->get_arg(j + 1);
+        if (!is_var(idx) || to_var(idx)->get_idx() != k - 1 - j)
+            return BR_FAILED;
+    }
+    expr * a = sel->get_arg(0);
+    // 'a' must not reference any of the bound variables 0..k-1.
+    if (!is_ground(a)) {
+        expr_free_vars fv(a);
+        for (unsigned j = 0; j < k; ++j)
+            if (fv.contains(j))
+                return BR_FAILED;
+    }
+    // Shift the remaining free variables of 'a' down by k, since they are no
+    // longer under the eliminated lambda binder.
+    inv_var_shifter sh(m());
+    sh(a, k, result);
+    return BR_DONE;
+}
+
 sort_ref array_rewriter::get_map_array_sort(func_decl* f, unsigned num_args, expr* const* args) {
     sort* s0 = args[0]->get_sort();
     unsigned sz = get_array_arity(s0);
@@ -750,7 +785,10 @@ bool array_rewriter::add_store(expr_ref_vector& args, unsigned num_idxs, expr* e
             }
             if (is_var(e1) && is_ground(e2)) {
                 unsigned idx = to_var(e1)->get_idx();
-                args[num_idxs - idx - 1] = e2;
+                unsigned nidx = num_idxs - idx - 1;
+                if (args.get(nidx) && args.get(nidx) != e2)
+                    return false;
+                args[nidx] = e2;
             }
             else {
                 return false;
@@ -815,6 +853,7 @@ expr_ref array_rewriter::expand_store(expr* s) {
         result = m().mk_ite(mk_and(eqs), tmp, result);
     }
     result = m().mk_lambda(sorts.size(), sorts.data(), names.data(), result);
+    SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m(), result));
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -858,19 +897,45 @@ br_status array_rewriter::mk_eq_core(expr * lhs, expr * rhs, expr_ref & result)
         return false;        
     };
 
+    auto domain_is_larger_than = [&](sort* s, unsigned num_stores) {
+        unsigned sz = get_array_arity(s);
+        rational dsz(1);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+            sort* d = get_array_domain(s, i);
+            if (d->is_infinite())
+                return true;
+            if (d->is_very_big())
+                return false;
+            dsz *= rational(d->get_num_elements().size(), rational::ui64());
+            if (dsz > rational(num_stores, rational::ui64()))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    expr* lhs1 = lhs;
+    expr* rhs1 = rhs;
+    unsigned num_lhs = 0, num_rhs = 0;
+    while (m_util.is_store(lhs1)) {
+        lhs1 = to_app(lhs1)->get_arg(0);
+        ++num_lhs;
+    }
+    while (m_util.is_store(rhs1)) {
+        rhs1 = to_app(rhs1)->get_arg(0);
+        ++num_rhs;
+    }
+
+    if (m_util.is_const(lhs1, v) && m_util.is_const(rhs1, w) &&
+        domain_is_larger_than(lhs->get_sort(), num_lhs + num_rhs)) {
+        mk_eq(lhs, lhs, rhs, fmls);
+        mk_eq(rhs, lhs, rhs, fmls);
+        fmls.push_back(m().mk_eq(v, w));
+        result = m().mk_and(fmls);
+        return BR_REWRITE_FULL;
+    }
+
 
     if (m_expand_store_eq) {
-        expr* lhs1 = lhs;
-        expr* rhs1 = rhs;
-        unsigned num_lhs = 0, num_rhs = 0;
-        while (m_util.is_store(lhs1)) {
-            lhs1 = to_app(lhs1)->get_arg(0);
-            ++num_lhs;
-        }
-        while (m_util.is_store(rhs1)) {
-            rhs1 = to_app(rhs1)->get_arg(0);
-            ++num_rhs;
-        }
         if (lhs1 == rhs1) {
             mk_eq(lhs, lhs, rhs, fmls);
             mk_eq(rhs, lhs, rhs, fmls);
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.h b/src/ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.h
index 689aea1f90..8beb19fe69 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/array_rewriter.h
@@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ public:
     void mk_select(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result);
     void mk_map(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result);
 
+    // Array eta-reduction:
+    //   (lambda (x_0 ... x_{k-1}) (select a x_0 ... x_{k-1}))  -->  a
+    // when 'a' does not depend on the bound variables x_0..x_{k-1}.
+    // 'q' supplies the lambda binder, 'body' its (already rewritten) body.
+    // Returns BR_DONE with 'result' set to the eta-reduced array, or BR_FAILED.
+    br_status mk_lambda_core(quantifier * q, expr * body, expr_ref & result);
+
     bool has_index_set(expr* e, expr_ref& e0, vector<expr_ref_vector>& indices);
 
 
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/bit2int.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/bit2int.cpp
index 3bf921faed..71e126c484 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/bit2int.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/bit2int.cpp
@@ -354,8 +354,8 @@ void bit2int::visit(app* n) {
         //
         // (pos1 - neg1) mod e2 = (pos1 + (e2 - (neg1 mod e2))) mod e2
         //
-        unsigned sz_p, sz_n, sz;
-        bool sign_p, sign_n;
+        unsigned sz_p = 0, sz_n = 0, sz;
+        bool sign_p = false, sign_n = false;
         expr_ref tmp_p(m), tmp_n(m);
         VERIFY(extract_bv(pos1, sz_p, sign_p, tmp_p));
         VERIFY(extract_bv(neg1, sz_n, sign_n, tmp_n));
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/bit_blaster/bit_blaster_tpl_def.h b/src/ast/rewriter/bit_blaster/bit_blaster_tpl_def.h
index 342ff5ed8b..87785d8f82 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/bit_blaster/bit_blaster_tpl_def.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/bit_blaster/bit_blaster_tpl_def.h
@@ -768,9 +768,10 @@ void bit_blaster_tpl<Cfg>::mk_smod(unsigned sz, expr * const * a_bits, expr * co
 template<typename Cfg>
 void bit_blaster_tpl<Cfg>::mk_eq(unsigned sz, expr * const * a_bits, expr * const * b_bits, expr_ref & out) {
     expr_ref_vector out_bits(m());
+    out_bits.resize(sz);
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
         mk_iff(a_bits[i], b_bits[i], out);
-        out_bits.push_back(out);
+        out_bits[i] = out;
     }
     mk_and(out_bits.size(), out_bits.data(), out);
 }
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.cpp
index 321bd6f47d..945aa297ee 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.h"
 #include "params/bool_rewriter_params.hpp"
 #include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/expr_safe_replace.h"
 #include "ast/ast_lt.h"
 #include "ast/for_each_expr.h"
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -1185,4 +1186,30 @@ void bool_rewriter::mk_ge2(expr* a, expr* b, expr* c, expr_ref& r) {
 }
 
 
-template class rewriter_tpl<bool_rewriter_cfg>;
+bool bool_rewriter::decompose_ite(expr *r, expr_ref &c, expr_ref &th, expr_ref &el) {
+    expr *cond = nullptr, *r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr;
+    if (m().is_ite(r, cond, r1, r2)) {
+        c = cond;
+        th = r1;
+        el = r2;
+        return true;
+    }
+    for (expr *e : subterms::ground(expr_ref(r, m()))) {
+        if (m().is_ite(e, cond, r1, r2)) {
+            m_rep1.reset();
+            m_rep2.reset();
+            m_rep1.insert(e, r1);
+            m_rep2.insert(e, r2);
+            c = cond;
+            th = r;
+            el = r;
+            m_rep1(th);
+            m_rep2(el);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+template class rewriter_tpl<bool_rewriter_cfg>;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.h b/src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.h
index 2b52404e50..87c50f171e 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Notes:
 
 #include "ast/ast.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/expr_safe_replace.h"
 #include "util/params.h"
 
 /**
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ class bool_rewriter {
     ptr_vector<expr> m_todo1, m_todo2;
     unsigned_vector m_counts1, m_counts2;
     expr_mark       m_marked;
+    expr_safe_replace m_rep1, m_rep2;
 
     br_status mk_flat_and_core(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result);
     br_status mk_flat_or_core(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result);
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ class bool_rewriter {
     expr_ref simplify_eq_ite(expr* value, expr* ite);
 
 public:
-    bool_rewriter(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()):m_manager(m), m_local_ctx_cost(0) { 
+    bool_rewriter(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()):m_manager(m), m_local_ctx_cost(0), m_rep1(m), m_rep2(m) { 
         updt_params(p); 
     }
     ast_manager & m() const { return m_manager; }
@@ -242,6 +244,11 @@ public:
     void mk_nand(expr * arg1, expr * arg2, expr_ref & result);
     void mk_nor(expr * arg1, expr * arg2, expr_ref & result);
     void mk_ge2(expr* a, expr* b, expr* c, expr_ref& result);
+
+    // If r is, or contains, an if-then-else, decompose it into a top-level
+    // ite by hoisting the (first) inner ite condition: returns c, th, el such
+    // that r is equivalent to (ite c th el). Returns false if r has no ite.
+    bool decompose_ite(expr *r, expr_ref &c, expr_ref &th, expr_ref &el);
 };
 
 struct bool_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/bv2int_translator.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/bv2int_translator.cpp
index da15bde2bd..042e018558 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/bv2int_translator.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/bv2int_translator.cpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ void bv2int_translator::translate_expr(expr* e) {
         translate_var(to_var(e));
     else {
         app* ap = to_app(e);
-        if (m_is_plugin && ap->get_family_id() == basic_family_id && m.is_bool(ap)) {
+        if (m_is_plugin && m.is_bool(ap) && ap->get_family_id() != bv.get_family_id()) {
             set_translated(e, e);
             return;
         }
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/bv_bounds.h b/src/ast/rewriter/bv_bounds.h
index d9ee62a4a7..59a5277fc2 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/bv_bounds.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/bv_bounds.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public:
     typedef rational numeral;
     typedef std::pair<numeral, numeral> interval;
     typedef obj_map<app, numeral>       bound_map;
-    bv_bounds(ast_manager& m) : m_m(m), m_bv_util(m), m_okay(true) {};
+    bv_bounds(ast_manager& m) : m_m(m), m_bv_util(m), m_okay(true) {}
     ~bv_bounds();
 public: // bounds addition methods
     br_status rewrite(unsigned limit, func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * args, expr_ref& result);
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/bv_rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/bv_rewriter.cpp
index 6f6a121e48..b2ae76dd78 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/bv_rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/bv_rewriter.cpp
@@ -2678,8 +2678,15 @@ br_status bv_rewriter::mk_eq_concat(expr * lhs, expr * rhs, expr_ref & result) {
 }
 
 bool bv_rewriter::is_concat_split_target(expr * t) const {
+    // A bare (de Bruijn) variable is deliberately excluded as a split target:
+    // splitting (= x (concat ...)) into per-slice extract equalities rewrites
+    // an eliminable (= VAR t) equality into (= (extract .. VAR) t) fragments
+    // that destructive equality resolution (der) can no longer use to eliminate
+    // the bound variable, turning solvable quantified goals into residual
+    // quantifiers. Splitting is only a bit-blasting heuristic, so skipping it
+    // here is sound and preserves der-based variable elimination.
     return
-        m_split_concat_eq ||
+        (m_split_concat_eq && !is_var(t)) ||
         m_util.is_concat(t)  ||
         m_util.is_numeral(t) ||
         m_util.is_bv_or(t);
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/enum2bv_rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/enum2bv_rewriter.cpp
index a8171c230f..8210cdc931 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/enum2bv_rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/enum2bv_rewriter.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ struct enum2bv_rewriter::imp {
             unsigned bv_size = get_bv_size(s);
             sort_ref bv_sort(m_bv.mk_sort(bv_size), m);
             if (is_unate(s))
-                return m_bv.mk_numeral(rational((1 << idx) - 1), bv_sort.get());
+                return m_bv.mk_numeral(rational((1u << idx) - 1), bv_sort.get());
             else 
                 return m_bv.mk_numeral(rational(idx), bv_sort.get());
         }
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ struct enum2bv_rewriter::imp {
                     new_body_ref = mk_and(bounds);
                     break;
                 case lambda_k:
+                case choice_k:
                     UNREACHABLE();
                     break;
                 }
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5392ba7426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_axioms.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    This module implements axiom schemas that are invoked by saturating constraints
+    with respect to the semantics of set operations.
+
+Author:
+
+    nbjorner October 2025
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/ast_util.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.h"
+
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, theory_axiom const& ax) {
+    auto &m = ax.clause.get_manager();
+    for (auto e : ax.clause)
+        out << mk_pp(e, m) << " ";
+    return out;
+}
+
+void finite_set_axioms::add_unit(char const *name, expr *p1, expr *unit) {
+    expr_ref _f1(unit, m);
+    if (is_true(unit))
+        return;
+    theory_axiom *ax = alloc(theory_axiom, m, name, p1);
+    ax->clause.push_back(unit);
+    m_add_clause(ax);
+}
+
+
+bool finite_set_axioms::is_true(expr *f) {
+    if (m.is_true(f))
+        return true;
+    if (m.is_not(f, f) && m.is_false(f))
+        return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+bool finite_set_axioms::is_false(expr* f) {
+    if (m.is_false(f))
+        return true;
+    if (m.is_not(f, f) && m.is_true(f))
+        return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+void finite_set_axioms::add_binary(char const *name, expr *p1, expr *p2, expr *f1, expr *f2) {
+    expr_ref _f1(f1, m), _f2(f2, m);
+    if (is_true(f1) || is_true(f2))
+        return;    
+    theory_axiom *ax = alloc(theory_axiom, m, name, p1, p2);
+    if (!is_false(f1))
+        ax->clause.push_back(f1);
+    if (!is_false(f2))
+        ax->clause.push_back(f2);
+    m_add_clause(ax);
+}
+
+void finite_set_axioms::add_ternary(char const *name, expr *p1, expr *p2, expr *f1, expr *f2, expr *f3) {
+    expr_ref _f1(f1, m), _f2(f2, m), _f3(f3, m);
+    if (is_true(f1) || is_true(f2) || is_true(f3))
+        return;
+    theory_axiom *ax = alloc(theory_axiom, m, name, p1, p2);
+    if (!is_false(f1))
+        ax->clause.push_back(f1);
+    if (!is_false(f2))
+        ax->clause.push_back(f2);
+    if (!is_false(f3))
+        ax->clause.push_back(f3);
+    m_add_clause(ax);
+}
+
+// a ~ set.empty => not (x in a)
+// x is an element, generate axiom that x is not in any empty set of x's type
+void finite_set_axioms::in_empty_axiom(expr *x) {
+    // Generate: not (x in empty_set)
+    // where empty_set is the empty set of x's type
+    sort* elem_sort = x->get_sort();
+    sort *set_sort = u.mk_finite_set_sort(elem_sort);
+    expr_ref empty_set(u.mk_empty(set_sort), m);
+    expr_ref x_in_empty(u.mk_in(x, empty_set), m);    
+    add_unit("in-empty", x, m.mk_not(x_in_empty));
+}
+
+// a := set.union(b, c) 
+// (x in a) <=> (x in b) or (x in c)
+void finite_set_axioms::in_union_axiom(expr *x, expr *a) {
+    expr* b = nullptr, *c = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_union(a, b, c))
+        return;
+
+    expr_ref x_in_a(u.mk_in(x, a), m);
+    expr_ref x_in_b(u.mk_in(x, b), m);
+    expr_ref x_in_c(u.mk_in(x, c), m);
+    
+    // (x in a) => (x in b) or (x in c)
+    theory_axiom *ax1 = alloc(theory_axiom, m, "in-union", x, a);
+    ax1->clause.push_back(m.mk_not(x_in_a));
+    ax1->clause.push_back(x_in_b);
+    ax1->clause.push_back(x_in_c);
+    m_add_clause(ax1);
+
+    // (x in b) => (x in a)
+    add_binary("in-union", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_b), x_in_a);
+
+    // (x in c) => (x in a)
+    add_binary("in-union", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_c), x_in_a);
+}
+
+// a := set.intersect(b, c)
+// (x in a) <=> (x in b) and (x in c)
+void finite_set_axioms::in_intersect_axiom(expr *x, expr *a) {
+    expr* b = nullptr, *c = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_intersect(a, b, c))
+        return;
+    
+    expr_ref x_in_a(u.mk_in(x, a), m);
+    expr_ref x_in_b(u.mk_in(x, b), m);
+    expr_ref x_in_c(u.mk_in(x, c), m);
+    expr_ref nx_in_a(m.mk_not(x_in_a), m);
+    expr_ref nx_in_b(m.mk_not(x_in_b), m);
+    expr_ref nx_in_c(m.mk_not(x_in_c), m);
+    
+    // (x in a) => (x in b)
+    add_binary("in-intersect", x, a, nx_in_a, x_in_b);
+
+    // (x in a) => (x in c)
+    add_binary("in-intersect", x, a, nx_in_a, x_in_c);
+
+    // (x in b) and (x in c) => (x in a)
+    add_ternary("in-intersect", x, a, nx_in_b, nx_in_c, x_in_a);
+}
+
+// a := set.difference(b, c)
+// (x in a) <=> (x in b) and not (x in c)
+void finite_set_axioms::in_difference_axiom(expr *x, expr *a) {
+    expr* b = nullptr, *c = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_difference(a, b, c))
+        return;
+    
+    expr_ref x_in_a(u.mk_in(x, a), m);
+    expr_ref x_in_b(u.mk_in(x, b), m);
+    expr_ref x_in_c(u.mk_in(x, c), m);
+    expr_ref nx_in_a(m.mk_not(x_in_a), m);
+    expr_ref nx_in_b(m.mk_not(x_in_b), m);
+    expr_ref nx_in_c(m.mk_not(x_in_c), m);
+    
+    // (x in a) => (x in b)
+    add_binary("in-difference", x, a, nx_in_a, x_in_b);
+    
+    // (x in a) => not (x in c)
+    add_binary("in-difference", x, a, nx_in_a, nx_in_c);
+
+    // (x in b) and not (x in c) => (x in a)
+    add_ternary("in-difference", x, a, nx_in_b, x_in_c, x_in_a);
+}
+
+// a := set.singleton(b)
+// (x in a) <=> (x == b)
+void finite_set_axioms::in_singleton_axiom(expr *x, expr *a) {
+    expr* b = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_singleton(a, b))
+        return;
+    
+    expr_ref x_in_a(u.mk_in(x, a), m);
+
+    if (x == b) {
+        // If x and b are syntactically identical, then (x in a) is always true  
+        theory_axiom* ax = alloc(theory_axiom, m, "in-singleton", x, a);     
+        ax->clause.push_back(x_in_a);
+        m_add_clause(ax);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref x_eq_b(m.mk_eq(x, b), m);
+    
+    // (x in a) => (x == b)
+    add_binary("in-singleton", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_a), x_eq_b);
+
+    // (x == b) => (x in a)
+    add_binary("in-singleton", x, a, m.mk_not(x_eq_b), x_in_a);
+}
+
+void finite_set_axioms::in_singleton_axiom(expr* a) {
+    expr *b = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_singleton(a, b))
+        return;    
+    add_unit("in-singleton", a, u.mk_in(b, a));
+}
+
+// a := set.range(lo, hi)
+// (x in a) <=> (lo <= x <= hi)
+// we use the rewriter to simplify inequalitiess because the arithmetic solver
+// makes some assumptions that inequalities are in normal form.
+// this complicates proof checking. 
+// Options are to include a proof of the rewrite within the justification
+// fix the arithmetic solver to use the inequalities without rewriting (it really should)
+// the same issue applies to everywhere we apply rewriting when adding theory axioms.
+
+void finite_set_axioms::in_range_axiom(expr *x, expr *a) {
+    expr* lo = nullptr, *hi = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_range(a, lo, hi))
+        return;
+    
+    arith_util arith(m);
+    expr_ref x_in_a(u.mk_in(x, a), m);
+    expr_ref lo_le_x(arith.mk_le(arith.mk_sub(lo, x), arith.mk_int(0)), m);
+    expr_ref x_le_hi(arith.mk_le(arith.mk_sub(x, hi), arith.mk_int(0)), m);
+    m_rewriter(lo_le_x);
+    m_rewriter(x_le_hi);
+    expr_ref nx_le_hi(m.mk_not(x_le_hi), m);
+    expr_ref nlo_le_x(m.mk_not(lo_le_x), m);
+    
+    // (x in a) => (lo <= x)
+    add_binary("in-range", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_a), lo_le_x);
+
+    // (x in a) => (x <= hi)
+    add_binary("in-range", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_a), x_le_hi);
+
+    // (lo <= x) and (x <= hi) => (x in a)
+    add_ternary("in-range", x, a, nlo_le_x, nx_le_hi, x_in_a);
+}
+
+// a := set.range(lo, hi)
+// (not (set.in (- lo 1) r))
+// (not (set.in (+ hi 1) r))
+// (set.in lo r)
+// (set.in hi r)
+void finite_set_axioms::in_range_axiom(expr* r) {
+    expr *lo = nullptr, *hi = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_range(r, lo, hi))
+        return;
+
+    arith_util a(m);
+    expr_ref lo_le_hi(a.mk_le(a.mk_sub(lo, hi), a.mk_int(0)), m);
+    m_rewriter(lo_le_hi);
+
+    add_binary("range-bounds", r, nullptr, m.mk_not(lo_le_hi), u.mk_in(lo, r));
+    add_binary("range-bounds", r, nullptr, m.mk_not(lo_le_hi), u.mk_in(hi, r));
+    add_unit("range-bounds", r, m.mk_not(u.mk_in(a.mk_add(hi, a.mk_int(1)), r)));
+    add_unit("range-bounds", r, m.mk_not(u.mk_in(a.mk_add(lo, a.mk_int(-1)), r)));
+}
+
+// a := set.map(f, b)
+// (x in a) <=> set.map_inverse(f, x, b) in b
+// 
+void finite_set_axioms::in_map_axiom(expr *x, expr *a) {
+    expr *f = nullptr, *b = nullptr;
+    sort *elem_sort = nullptr;
+    VERIFY(u.is_finite_set(a->get_sort(), elem_sort));
+    if (x->get_sort() != elem_sort)
+        return;
+    if (!u.is_map(a, f, b))
+        return;
+    
+    expr_ref inv(u.mk_map_inverse(f, x, b), m);
+    expr_ref f1(u.mk_in(x, a), m);
+    expr_ref f2(u.mk_in(inv, b), m);
+    add_binary("map-inverse", x, a, m.mk_not(f1), f2);
+    add_binary("map-inverse", x, a, f1, m.mk_not(f2));
+}
+
+// a := set.map(f, b)
+// (x in b) => f(x) in a
+void finite_set_axioms::in_map_image_axiom(expr *x, expr *a) {
+    expr* f = nullptr, *b = nullptr;
+    sort *elem_sort = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_map(a, f, b))
+        return;
+    VERIFY(u.is_finite_set(b->get_sort(), elem_sort));
+    if (x->get_sort() != elem_sort)
+        return;
+    
+    expr_ref x_in_b(u.mk_in(x, b), m);
+    
+    // Apply function f to x using array select
+    array_util autil(m);
+    expr_ref fx(autil.mk_select(f, x), m);
+    expr_ref fx_in_a(u.mk_in(fx, a), m);
+    m_rewriter(fx);
+    
+    // (x in b) => f(x) in a
+    add_binary("in-map", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_b), fx_in_a);
+}
+
+// a := set.filter(p, b)
+// (x in a) <=> (x in b) and p(x)
+void finite_set_axioms::in_filter_axiom(expr *x, expr *a) {
+    expr* p = nullptr, *b = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_filter(a, p, b))
+        return;
+    
+    expr_ref x_in_a(u.mk_in(x, a), m);
+    expr_ref x_in_b(u.mk_in(x, b), m);
+    
+    // Apply predicate p to x using array select
+    array_util autil(m);
+    expr_ref px(autil.mk_select(p, x), m);
+    m_rewriter(px);
+    expr_ref npx(mk_not(m, px), m);
+    
+    // (x in a) => (x in b)
+    add_binary("in-filter", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_a), x_in_b);
+
+    // (x in a) => p(x)
+    add_binary("in-filter", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_a), px);
+
+    // (x in b) and p(x) => (x in a)
+    add_ternary("in-filter", x, a, m.mk_not(x_in_b), npx, x_in_a);
+}
+
+// Auxiliary algebraic axioms to ease reasoning about set.size
+// The axioms are not required for completenss for the base fragment
+// as they are handled by creating semi-linear sets.
+void finite_set_axioms::size_ub_axiom(expr *sz) {
+    expr *b = nullptr, *e = nullptr, *x = nullptr, *y = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_size(sz, e))
+        return;
+    arith_util a(m);
+    expr_ref ineq(m);
+
+    if (u.is_singleton(e, b)) 
+        add_unit("size", e, m.mk_eq(sz, a.mk_int(1)));    
+    else if (u.is_empty(e)) 
+        add_unit("size", e, m.mk_eq(sz, a.mk_int(0)));    
+    else if (u.is_union(e, x, y)) {
+        ineq = a.mk_le(sz, a.mk_add(u.mk_size(x), u.mk_size(y)));
+        m_rewriter(ineq);
+        add_unit("size", e, ineq);
+    }
+    else if (u.is_intersect(e, x, y)) {        
+        ineq = a.mk_le(sz, u.mk_size(x));
+        m_rewriter(ineq);
+        add_unit("size", e, ineq);
+        ineq = a.mk_le(sz, u.mk_size(y));
+        m_rewriter(ineq);
+        add_unit("size", e, ineq);
+    }
+    else if (u.is_difference(e, x, y)) {
+        ineq = a.mk_le(sz, u.mk_size(x));
+        m_rewriter(ineq);
+        add_unit("size", e, ineq);
+    }
+    else if (u.is_filter(e, x, y)) {
+        ineq = a.mk_le(sz, u.mk_size(y));
+        m_rewriter(ineq);
+        add_unit("size", e, ineq);
+    }
+    else if (u.is_map(e, x, y)) {
+        ineq = a.mk_le(sz, u.mk_size(y));
+        m_rewriter(ineq);
+        add_unit("size", e, ineq);
+    }
+    else if (u.is_range(e, x, y)) {
+        ineq = a.mk_eq(sz, m.mk_ite(a.mk_le(x, y), a.mk_add(a.mk_sub(y, x), a.mk_int(1)), a.mk_int(0)));
+        m_rewriter(ineq);
+        add_unit("size", e, ineq);
+    }    
+}
+
+void finite_set_axioms::size_lb_axiom(expr* e) {
+    VERIFY(u.is_size(e));
+    arith_util a(m);
+    expr_ref ineq(m);
+    ineq = a.mk_le(a.mk_int(0), e);
+    m_rewriter(ineq);
+    add_unit("size", e, ineq);
+}
+
+void finite_set_axioms::subset_axiom(expr* a) {
+    expr *b = nullptr, *c = nullptr;
+    if (!u.is_subset(a, b, c))
+        return;    
+    expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(u.mk_intersect(b, c), b), m);
+    add_binary("subset", a, nullptr, m.mk_not(a), eq);
+    add_binary("subset", a, nullptr, a, m.mk_not(eq));
+}
+
+void finite_set_axioms::extensionality_axiom(expr *a, expr* b) {
+    // a != b => set.in (set.diff(a, b) a) != set.in (set.diff(a, b) b)
+    expr_ref diff_ab(u.mk_ext(a, b), m);
+
+    expr_ref a_eq_b(m.mk_eq(a, b), m);
+    expr_ref diff_in_a(u.mk_in(diff_ab, a), m);
+    expr_ref diff_in_b(u.mk_in(diff_ab, b), m);
+    expr_ref ndiff_in_a(m.mk_not(diff_in_a), m);
+    expr_ref ndiff_in_b(m.mk_not(diff_in_b), m);
+    
+    // (a != b) => (x in diff_ab != x in diff_ba) 
+    add_ternary("extensionality", a, b, a_eq_b, ndiff_in_a, ndiff_in_b);
+    add_ternary("extensionality", a, b, a_eq_b, diff_in_a, diff_in_b);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.h b/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..029833fd0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.h
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_axioms.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    This module implements axiom schemas that are invoked by saturating constraints
+    with respect to the semantics of set operations. 
+       
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+#include "ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.h"
+
+struct theory_axiom {
+    expr_ref_vector   clause;
+    vector<parameter> params;
+    unsigned          weight = 0; // can be used to prioritize instantiation of axioms
+    theory_axiom(ast_manager& m, symbol const& th): clause(m) {
+        params.push_back(parameter(th));
+    }
+    theory_axiom(ast_manager &m, char const* rule) : clause(m) {
+        params.push_back(parameter(symbol(rule)));
+    }
+    theory_axiom(ast_manager &m) : clause(m) {
+    }
+
+    theory_axiom(ast_manager &m, char const *rule, expr* x, expr* y = nullptr) : clause(m) {
+        params.push_back(parameter(symbol(rule)));
+        params.push_back(parameter(x));
+        if (y)
+            params.push_back(parameter(y));
+    }
+};
+
+std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, theory_axiom const &ax);
+
+
+class finite_set_axioms {
+    ast_manager&    m;
+    finite_set_util u;
+    th_rewriter m_rewriter;
+
+    std::function<void(theory_axiom *)> m_add_clause;
+
+    void add_unit(char const* name, expr* p1, expr *e);
+
+    void add_binary(char const *name, expr *p1, expr *p2, expr *f1, expr *f2);
+
+    void add_ternary(char const *name, expr *p1, expr *p2, expr *f1, expr *f2, expr *f3);
+
+    bool is_true(expr *f);
+
+    bool is_false(expr *f);
+
+public:
+
+    finite_set_axioms(ast_manager &m) : m(m), u(m), m_rewriter(m) {}
+
+    void set_add_clause(std::function<void(theory_axiom*)> &ac) {
+        m_add_clause = ac;
+    }
+
+    // a ~ set.empty => not (x in a)
+    void in_empty_axiom(expr *x);
+
+    // a := set.union(b, c) 
+    // (x in a) <=> (x in b) or (x in c)
+    void in_union_axiom(expr *x, expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.intersect(b, c)
+    // (x in a) <=> (x in b) and (x in c)
+    void in_intersect_axiom(expr *x, expr *a);
+    
+    // a := set.difference(b, c)
+    // (x in a) <=> (x in b) and not (x in c)
+    void in_difference_axiom(expr *x, expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.singleton(b)
+    // (x in a) <=> (x == b)
+    void in_singleton_axiom(expr *x, expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.singleton(b)
+    // b in a
+    // b-1 not in a
+    // b+1 not in a
+    void in_singleton_axiom(expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.range(lo, hi)
+    // (x in a) <=> (lo <= x <= hi)
+    void in_range_axiom(expr *x, expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.range(lo, hi)
+    // (not (set.in (- lo 1) a))
+    // (not (set.in (+ hi 1) a))
+    // lo <= hi => (set.in lo a)
+    // lo <= hi => (set.in hi a)
+    void in_range_axiom(expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.map(f, b)
+    // (x in a) <=> set.map_inverse(f, x, b) in b
+    void in_map_axiom(expr *x, expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.map(f, b)
+    // (x in b) => f(x) in a
+    void in_map_image_axiom(expr *x, expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.filter(p, b)
+    // (x in a) <=> (x in b) and p(x)
+    void in_filter_axiom(expr *x, expr *a);
+
+    // a := set.subset(b, c)
+    // (a) <=> (set.intersect(b, c) = b)
+    void subset_axiom(expr *a);
+
+
+    // set.size(empty) = 0
+    // set.size(set.singleton(b)) = 1
+    // set.size(a u b) <= set.size(a) + set.size(b)
+    // set.size(a n b) <= min(set.size(a), set.size(b))
+    // set.size(a \ b) <= set.size(a)
+    // set.size(set.map(f, b)) <= set.size(b)
+    // set.size(set.filter(p, b)) <= set.size(b)
+    // set.size([l..u]) = if(l <= u, u - l + 1, 0)    
+    void size_ub_axiom(expr *a);
+
+    // 0 <= set.size(e)
+    void size_lb_axiom(expr *e);
+
+
+    // a != b => set.in (set.diff(a, b) a) != set.in (set.diff(a, b) b)
+    void extensionality_axiom(expr *a, expr *b);
+
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b86f211f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_rewriter.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Rewriting Simplification for finite sets
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) - October 2025
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_app_core(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result) {
+    SASSERT(f->get_family_id() == get_fid());
+    
+    switch (f->get_decl_kind()) {
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_UNION:
+        return mk_union(num_args, args, result);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_INTERSECT:
+        return mk_intersect(num_args, args, result);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_DIFFERENCE:
+        SASSERT(num_args == 2);
+        return mk_difference(args[0], args[1], result);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_SUBSET:
+        SASSERT(num_args == 2);
+        return mk_subset(args[0], args[1], result);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_SINGLETON:
+        SASSERT(num_args == 1);
+        return mk_singleton(args[0], result);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_IN:
+        SASSERT(num_args == 2);
+        return mk_in(args[0], args[1], result);
+    case OP_FINITE_SET_SIZE:
+        return mk_size(args[0], result);
+    default:
+        return BR_FAILED;
+    }
+}
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_union(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result) {
+    VERIFY(num_args == 2);
+    // Idempotency: set.union(x, x) -> x
+    if (args[0] == args[1]) {
+        result = args[0];
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    
+    // Identity: set.union(x, empty) -> x or set.union(empty, x) -> x
+    if (u.is_empty(args[0])) {
+        result = args[1];
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (u.is_empty(args[1])) {
+        result = args[0];
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+
+    // Absorption: set.union(x, set.intersect(x, y)) -> x
+    expr *a1, *a2;
+    if (u.is_intersect(args[1], a1, a2)) {
+        if (args[0] == a1 || args[0] == a2) {
+            result = args[0];
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Absorption: set.union(set.intersect(x, y), x) -> x
+    if (u.is_intersect(args[0], a1, a2)) {
+        if (args[1] == a1 || args[1] == a2) {
+            result = args[1];
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_intersect(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result) {
+    if (num_args != 2)
+        return BR_FAILED;
+
+    // Idempotency: set.intersect(x, x) -> x
+    if (args[0] == args[1]) {
+        result = args[0];
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    
+    // Annihilation: set.intersect(x, empty) -> empty or set.intersect(empty, x) -> empty
+    if (u.is_empty(args[0])) {
+        result = args[0];
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (u.is_empty(args[1])) {
+        result = args[1];
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+
+    // Absorption: set.intersect(x, set.union(x, y)) -> x
+    expr *a1, *a2;
+    if (u.is_union(args[1], a1, a2)) {
+        if (args[0] == a1 || args[0] == a2) {
+            result = args[0];
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Absorption: set.intersect(set.union(x, y), x) -> x
+    if (u.is_union(args[0], a1, a2)) {
+        if (args[1] == a1 || args[1] == a2) {
+            result = args[1];
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+    }
+    expr *l1, *l2, *u1, *u2;
+    if (u.is_range(args[0], l1, u1) && u.is_range(args[1], l2, u2)) {
+        arith_util a(m);
+        auto max_l = m.mk_ite(a.mk_ge(l1, l2), l1, l2);
+        auto min_u = m.mk_ite(a.mk_ge(u1, u2), u2, u1);
+        result = u.mk_range(max_l, min_u);
+        return BR_REWRITE_FULL;
+    }
+    
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_difference(expr * arg1, expr * arg2, expr_ref & result) {
+    // set.difference(x, x) -> set.empty
+    if (arg1 == arg2) {
+        sort* set_sort = arg1->get_sort();
+        SASSERT(u.is_finite_set(set_sort));
+        result = u.mk_empty(set_sort);
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    
+    // Identity: set.difference(x, empty) -> x
+    if (u.is_empty(arg2)) {
+        result = arg1;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    
+    // Annihilation: set.difference(empty, x) -> empty
+    if (u.is_empty(arg1)) {
+        result = arg1;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_subset(expr * arg1, expr * arg2, expr_ref & result) {
+    // set.subset(x, x) -> true
+    if (arg1 == arg2) {
+        result = m.mk_true();
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    
+    // set.subset(empty, x) -> true
+    if (u.is_empty(arg1)) {
+        result = m.mk_true();
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    
+    // set.subset(x, empty) -> x = empty
+    if (u.is_empty(arg2)) {
+        result = m.mk_eq(arg1, arg2);
+        return BR_REWRITE1;
+    }
+    
+    // General case: set.subset(x, y) -> set.intersect(x, y) = x
+    expr_ref intersect(m);
+    intersect = u.mk_intersect(arg1, arg2);
+    result = m.mk_eq(intersect, arg1);
+    return BR_REWRITE3;
+}
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_singleton(expr * arg, expr_ref & result) {
+    // Singleton is already in normal form, no simplifications
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_size(expr * arg, expr_ref & result) {
+    arith_util a(m);
+    if (u.is_empty(arg)) {
+        // size(empty) -> 0
+        result = a.mk_int(0);
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (u.is_singleton(arg)) {
+        // size(singleton(x)) -> 1
+        result = a.mk_int(1);
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    expr *lower, *upper;
+    if (u.is_range(arg, lower, upper)) {
+        // size(range(a, b)) -> b - a + 1
+        expr_ref size_expr(m);
+        size_expr = a.mk_add(a.mk_sub(upper, lower), a.mk_int(1));
+        result = m.mk_ite(a.mk_gt(lower, upper), a.mk_int(0), size_expr);
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
+    }
+    // Size is already in normal form, no simplifications
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_in(expr * elem, expr * set, expr_ref & result) {
+    // set.in(x, empty) -> false
+    if (u.is_empty(set)) {
+        result = m.mk_false();
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    
+    // set.in(x, singleton(y)) checks
+    expr* singleton_elem;
+    if (u.is_singleton(set, singleton_elem)) {
+        // set.in(x, singleton(x)) -> true (when x is the same)
+        if (elem == singleton_elem) {
+            result = m.mk_true();
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+        // set.in(x, singleton(y)) -> x = y (when x != y)
+        result = m.mk_eq(elem, singleton_elem);
+        return BR_REWRITE1;
+    }
+    expr *lo = nullptr, *hi = nullptr;
+    if (u.is_range(set, lo, hi)) {
+        arith_util a(m);
+        result = m.mk_and(a.mk_le(lo, elem), a.mk_le(elem, hi));
+        return BR_REWRITE2;
+    }
+    // NB we don't rewrite (set.in x (set.union s t)) to (or (set.in x s) (set.in x t))
+    // because it creates two new sub-expressions. The expression (set.union s t) could
+    // be shared with other expressions so the net effect of this rewrite could be to create
+    // a larger formula for the solver.
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
+
+/**
+* if a, b are set expressions we can create an on-the-fly heap for their min-elements
+* a, b are normalized to the form (set.union s t) or (set.empty) where 
+* s is a singleton or range expression such that every element in t are above s.
+* we distinguish numerical values from value expressions:
+* - for numerical values we use the ordering over numerals to pick minimal ranges
+* - for unique value expressions ranging over non-numerals use expression identifiers
+* - for other expressions use identifiers to sort expressions, but make sure to be inconclusive
+*   for set difference
+* We want mk_eq_core to produce a result true/false if the arguments are both (unique) values.
+* This allows to evaluate models for being well-formed conclusively.
+* 
+* A way to convert a set expression to a heap is as follows:
+* 
+* min({s}) = {s} u {}
+* min({}) = {}
+* min([l..u]) = [l..u] u {}
+* min(s u t) = 
+*   let {x} u s1 = min(s)
+*   let {y} u t1 = min(t)
+*   if x = y then
+*        { x } u (s1 u t1)
+*   else  if x < y then 
+*        {x} u (s1 u ({y} u t1)
+*   else // x > y 
+*        {y} u (t1 u ({x} u s1)
+*   
+*  Handling ranges is TBD
+*  For proper range handling we have to change is_less on numeric singleton sets
+*  to use the numerical value, not the expression identifier. Then the ordering
+*  has to make all numeric values less than symbolic values.
+*/
+
+bool finite_set_rewriter::is_less(expr *a, expr *b) {
+    return a->get_id() < b->get_id();
+}
+
+expr* finite_set_rewriter::mk_union(expr* a, expr* b) {
+    if (u.is_empty(a))
+        return b;
+    if (u.is_empty(b))
+        return a;
+    if (a == b)
+        return a;
+    return u.mk_union(a, b);
+}
+
+expr* finite_set_rewriter::min(expr* e) {
+    if (m_is_min.is_marked(e))
+        return e;
+    expr *a = nullptr, *b = nullptr;
+    if (u.is_union(e, a, b)) {
+        a = min(a);
+        b = min(b);
+        if (u.is_empty(a))
+            return b;
+        if (u.is_empty(b))
+            return a;
+        auto [x,a1] = get_min(a);
+        auto [y,b1] = get_min(b);
+        if (x == y)
+            a = mk_union(x, mk_union(a1, b1));
+        else if (is_less(x, y))
+            a = mk_union(x, mk_union(a1, b));
+        else
+            a = mk_union(y, mk_union(a, b1));
+        m_pinned.push_back(a);
+        m_is_min.mark(a);
+        return a;
+    }
+    if (u.is_intersect(e, a, b)) {
+        if (!from_unique_values(a) || !from_unique_values(b)) {
+            m_pinned.push_back(e);
+            m_is_min.mark(e);
+            return e;
+        }
+        while (true) {
+            a = min(a);
+            b = min(b);
+            if (u.is_empty(a))
+                return a;
+            if (u.is_empty(b))
+                return b;
+            auto [x, a1] = get_min(a);
+            auto [y, b1] = get_min(b);
+            if (x == y) {
+                a = mk_union(x, u.mk_intersect(a1, b1));
+                m_pinned.push_back(a);
+                m_is_min.mark(a);
+                return a;
+            }
+            else if (is_less(x, y))
+                a = a1;
+            else
+                b = b1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (u.is_difference(e, a, b)) {
+        if (!from_unique_values(a) || !from_unique_values(b)) {
+            m_pinned.push_back(e);
+            m_is_min.mark(e);
+            return e;
+        }
+        while (true) {
+            a = min(a);
+            b = min(b);
+            if (u.is_empty(a) || u.is_empty(b))
+                return a;
+            auto [x, a1] = get_min(a);
+            auto [y, b1] = get_min(b);
+            if (x == y) {
+                a = a1;
+                b = b1;
+            }
+            else if (is_less(x, y)) {
+                a = mk_union(x, u.mk_difference(a1, b));
+                m_pinned.push_back(a);
+                m_is_min.mark(a);
+                return a;
+            }
+            else {
+                b = b1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // set.filter, set.map don't have decompositions
+    m_pinned.push_back(e);
+    m_is_min.mark(e);
+    return e;
+}
+
+std::pair<expr*, expr*> finite_set_rewriter::get_min(expr* a) {
+    expr *x = nullptr, *y = nullptr;
+    if (u.is_union(a, x, y))
+        return {x, y};
+    auto empty = u.mk_empty(a->get_sort());
+    m_pinned.push_back(empty);
+    return {a, empty};
+}
+
+br_status finite_set_rewriter::mk_eq_core(expr *a, expr *b, expr_ref &result) {
+    m_is_min.reset();
+    m_pinned.reset();
+    bool are_unique = true;
+    while (true) {
+        if (a == b) {
+            result = m.mk_true();
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << mk_pp(a, m) << " == " << mk_pp(b, m) << "\n");
+        a = min(a);
+        b = min(b);
+        auto [x, a1] = get_min(a);
+        auto [y, b1] = get_min(b);
+
+        // only empty sets and singletons of unique values are unique.
+        // ranges are not counted as unique.
+        are_unique &= m.is_unique_value(x) && m.is_unique_value(y);
+        a = a1;
+        b = b1;
+        if (x == y)
+            continue;
+
+        if (m.are_distinct(x, y) && are_unique) {
+            are_unique &= from_unique_values(a);
+            are_unique &= from_unique_values(b);
+            if (are_unique) {
+                result = m.mk_false();
+                return BR_DONE;
+            }
+        }
+        return BR_FAILED;
+    }
+}
+
+bool finite_set_rewriter::from_unique_values(expr *a) {
+    while (!u.is_empty(a)) {
+        auto [x, a1] = get_min(min(a));
+        if (!m.is_unique_value(x))
+            return false;
+        a = a1;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.h b/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..062bf9a08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_rewriter.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Rewriting Simplification for finite sets
+
+Sample rewrite rules:
+    set.union s set.empty -> s
+    set.intersect s set.empty -> set.empty
+    set.in x (set.singleton y) -> x = y
+    set.subset(x,y) -> set.intersect(x,y) = x
+    set.union(x, x) -> x
+    set.intersect(x, x) -> x
+    set.difference(x, x) -> set.empty
+
+
+Generally this module implements basic algebraic simplification rules for finite sets
+where the signature is defined in finite_set_decl_plugin.h.
+   
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_types.h"
+#include "util/params.h"
+
+/**
+   \brief Cheap rewrite rules for finite sets
+*/
+class finite_set_rewriter {
+    friend class finite_set_rewriter_test;
+    ast_manager &m;
+    finite_set_util  u;
+    expr_ref_vector m_pinned;
+    expr_mark m_is_min;
+    
+    expr * min(expr *a);
+    std::pair<expr *, expr *> get_min(expr *a);
+    bool is_less(expr *a, expr *b);
+    expr *mk_union(expr *a, expr *b);
+    bool from_unique_values(expr *a);
+
+    // Rewrite rules for set operations
+    br_status mk_union(unsigned num_args, expr *const *args, expr_ref &result);
+    br_status mk_intersect(unsigned num_args, expr *const *args, expr_ref &result);
+    br_status mk_difference(expr *arg1, expr *arg2, expr_ref &result);
+    br_status mk_subset(expr *arg1, expr *arg2, expr_ref &result);
+    br_status mk_singleton(expr *arg1, expr_ref &result);
+    br_status mk_in(expr *arg1, expr *arg2, expr_ref &result);
+    br_status mk_size(expr *arg, expr_ref &result);
+
+public:
+    finite_set_rewriter(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()):
+        m(m), u(m), m_pinned(m) {
+    }
+    
+    family_id get_fid() const { return u.get_family_id(); }
+    finite_set_util& util() { return u; }
+
+    br_status mk_app_core(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result);   
+
+    br_status mk_eq_core(expr *a, expr *b, expr_ref &result);
+};
+
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/rewriter.cpp
index 700d28f416..be208c1b9e 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/rewriter.cpp
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ void var_shifter::process_var(var * v) {
 }
 
 void inv_var_shifter::operator()(expr * t, unsigned shift, expr_ref & r) {
-    if (is_ground(t)) {
+    if (is_ground(t) || shift == 0) {
         r = t;
         return;
     }
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h b/src/ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h
index ebfc71482a..ad4702de50 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h
@@ -561,9 +561,13 @@ void rewriter_tpl<Config>::process_quantifier(quantifier * q, frame & fr) {
         expr * const * np  = it + 1;
         expr * const * nnp = np + num_pats;
         unsigned j = 0;
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_pats; ++i)
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_pats; ++i) {
             if (m_manager.is_pattern(np[i]))
                 new_pats[j++] = np[i];
+            else {
+                IF_VERBOSE(10, verbose_stream() << "[rewriter] dropping pattern (is_pattern check failed) for qid=" << q->get_qid() << " pattern[" << i << "]: " << mk_ismt2_pp(np[i], m_manager, 3) << "\n";);
+            }
+        }
         new_pats.shrink(j);
         num_pats = j;
         j = 0;
@@ -664,7 +668,7 @@ template<typename Config>
 void rewriter_tpl<Config>::display_bindings(std::ostream& out) {
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_bindings.size(); ++i) {
         if (m_bindings[i])
-            out << i << ": " << mk_ismt2_pp(m_bindings[i], m()) << ";\n";
+            out << i << ": " << mk_ismt2_pp(m_bindings[i], m()) << " : " << mk_pp(m_bindings[i]->get_sort(), m()) << ";\n";
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_axioms.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_axioms.cpp
index af6204de59..5d38ca2ddb 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_axioms.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_axioms.cpp
@@ -446,6 +446,8 @@ namespace seq {
         // |t| = 0 => |s| = 0 or indexof(t,s,offset) = -1
         // ~contains(t,s) => indexof(t,s,offset) = -1
 
+        add_clause(mk_ge(i, -1));
+
         add_clause(cnt,  i_eq_m1);
         add_clause(~t_eq_empty, s_eq_empty, i_eq_m1);
 
@@ -1060,7 +1062,7 @@ namespace seq {
     void axioms::replace_re_axiom(expr* e) {
         expr* s = nullptr, *r = nullptr, *t = nullptr;
         VERIFY(seq.str.is_replace_re(e, s, r, t)); 
-        NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
+        throw default_exception("no support for replace-re");
     }
 
     // A basic strategy for supporting replace_all and other
@@ -1105,7 +1107,7 @@ namespace seq {
         expr_ref branch1(m.mk_eq(len_r, vj), m);
         expr_ref test2(m.mk_and(a.mk_gt(len_s, vi), m.mk_eq(vi, a.mk_int(0)), seq.str.mk_is_empty(vp)), m);
         expr_ref branch2(m.mk_eq(vr, seq.str.mk_concat(vt, vs)), m);
-        NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
+        throw default_exception("no support for replace-all");
 #if 0
         expr_ref test3(, m);
         expr_ref s1(m_sk.mk_prefix_inv(vp, vs), m);
@@ -1135,7 +1137,7 @@ namespace seq {
     void axioms::replace_re_all_axiom(expr* e) {
         expr* s = nullptr, *p = nullptr, *t = nullptr;
         VERIFY(seq.str.is_replace_re_all(e, s, p, t)); 
-        NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
+        throw default_exception("no support for replace-re-all");
     }
 
 
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_axioms.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_axioms.h
index 5838985625..26469ffa2a 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_axioms.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_axioms.h
@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@ namespace seq {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_derive.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_derive.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd39e042a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_derive.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1520 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_derive.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Symbolic derivative computation for regular expressions.
+    Produces an ITE-tree (transition regex) representation following
+    the approach of RE# (Varatalu, Veanes, Ernits - POPL 2025).
+
+    The symbolic derivative δ(r) maps each character to the resulting
+    derivative state via an ITE-tree. The free variable (:var 0) represents
+    the input character.
+
+Authors:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2026-06-03
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_derive.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/var_subst.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.h"
+#include "util/util.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace seq {
+
+    derive::derive(ast_manager& m, seq_rewriter& re) :
+        m(m),
+        m_util(m),
+        m_autil(m),
+        m_br(m),
+        m_re(re),
+        m_trail(m),
+        m_ele(m),
+        m_path_expr(m) {
+        m_br.set_flat_and_or(false);
+    }
+
+    void derive::reset() {
+        m_acache.reset();
+        m_bcache.reset();
+        m_atop_cache.reset();
+        m_btop_cache.reset();
+        reset_op_caches();
+        m_trail.reset();
+        m_ele = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Reset only operation caches (union/inter/concat/complement)
+    // while preserving derivative caches (m_cache, m_top_cache)
+    // The op cache does index on m_ele so it has to be reset if m_ele changes.
+    void derive::reset_op_caches() {
+        m_aunion_cache.reset();
+        m_ainter_cache.reset();
+        m_aconcat_cache.reset();
+        m_acomplement_cache.reset();
+        m_bunion_cache.reset();
+        m_binter_cache.reset();
+        m_bconcat_cache.reset();
+        m_bcomplement_cache.reset();
+        m_ele = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::operator()(derivative_kind k, expr* ele, expr* r) {
+        m_derivative_kind = k;
+        SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r));
+        if (m_trail.size() > 500000)
+            reset();
+        else if (m_trail.size() > 100000 || ele != m_ele)
+            reset_op_caches();
+        sort *seq_sort = nullptr, *ele_sort = nullptr;
+        VERIFY(m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort));
+        VERIFY(m_util.is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
+        // Check top-level cache (post-simplify result)
+        expr* cached = nullptr;
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        if (top_cache().find(ele, r, cached)) {
+            result = cached;
+            return result;
+        }        
+        // Pin ele and r
+        m_trail.push_back(ele);
+        m_trail.push_back(r);
+
+        // Always compute the SYMBOLIC derivative wrt the canonical
+        // variable v (so the cached result is reusable for any
+        // concrete ele via substitution below). Using the concrete
+        // `ele` here would bake it into the cached ITE-tree and
+        // poison future lookups for the same r with a different ele.
+        m_ele = ele;
+        m_depth = 0;
+        // Initialize path state for inline pruning
+        m_path.reset();
+        m_intervals.reset();
+        m_intervals.push_back({0u, u().max_char()});
+        m_intervals_start = 0;
+        m_path_expr = m.mk_true();
+        result = derive_rec(r);
+        top_cache().insert(ele, r, result);        
+
+        // pin the final result
+        m_trail.push_back(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::operator()(derivative_kind k, expr* r) {
+        SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r));
+        sort* seq_sort = nullptr, * ele_sort = nullptr;
+        VERIFY(m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort));
+        VERIFY(m_util.is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
+        expr_ref v(m.mk_var(0, ele_sort), m);
+        return (*this)(k,v, r);
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Core derivative computation
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    expr_ref derive::derive_rec(expr* r) {
+        SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r));
+
+        // Check cache (indexed by both m_ele and r)
+        expr* cached = nullptr;
+        if (cache().find(m_ele, r, cached))
+            return expr_ref(cached, m);
+
+        // Depth check
+        if (m_depth >= m_max_depth) {
+            // Return stuck derivative (the derivative operator applied symbolically)
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_derivative(m_ele, r), m);
+        }
+
+        flet<unsigned> _scoped_depth(m_depth, m_depth + 1);
+        expr_ref result = derive_core(r);
+
+        // Cache the result
+        cache().insert(m_ele, r, result);
+        m_trail.push_back(m_ele);
+        m_trail.push_back(r);
+        m_trail.push_back(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Forward declaration helper
+    expr_ref derive::derive_core(expr* r) {
+        sort* s = nullptr;
+        VERIFY(m_util.is_re(r, s));
+
+        auto nothing = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(r->get_sort()), m); };
+        auto epsilon = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_to_re(u().str.mk_empty(s)), m); };
+        auto dotstar = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_full_seq(r->get_sort()), m); };
+
+        expr* r1 = nullptr;
+        expr* r2 = nullptr;
+        expr* cond = nullptr;
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+
+        // δ(∅) = ∅, δ(ε) = ∅
+        if (re().is_empty(r) || re().is_epsilon(r))
+            return nothing();
+
+        // δ(Σ*) = Σ*, δ(.+) = Σ*
+        if (re().is_full_seq(r) || re().is_dot_plus(r))
+            return dotstar();
+
+        // δ(.) = ε (full char accepts any single character)
+        if (re().is_full_char(r))
+            return epsilon();
+
+        // δ(str.to_re(s)) - derivative of a literal string
+        if (re().is_to_re(r, r1))
+            return derive_to_re(r1, s);
+
+        // δ(re.range(lo, hi)) - character range
+        if (re().is_range(r, r1, r2))
+            return derive_range(r1, r2, s);
+
+        // δ(re.of_pred(p)) - predicate-based regex
+        if (re().is_of_pred(r, r1))
+            return derive_of_pred(r1, s);
+
+        // δ(r1 · r2) = δ(r1) · r2 ∪ (if nullable(r1) then δ(r2) else ∅)
+        if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2)) {
+            // Ensure right-associative form first.  A left-nested concat
+            // (a·b)·r2 makes the head r1 a large sub-concat, so deriving it
+            // recurses through the whole left spine and can exceed
+            // m_max_depth, producing stuck symbolic re.derivative terms that
+            // accumulate across states and blow up.  mk_concat right-
+            // associates in a single linear pass (without touching the
+            // derivative depth counter), keeping the head atomic.
+            if (re().is_concat(r1)) {
+                expr_ref rr = mk_concat(r1, r2);
+                if (rr != r)
+                    return derive_rec(rr);
+            }
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref d1_r2 = mk_deriv_concat(d1, r2);
+            expr_ref nullable_r1 = is_nullable(r1);
+            if (m.is_true(nullable_r1))
+                return mk_union(d1_r2, derive_rec(r2));
+            if (m.is_false(nullable_r1))
+                return d1_r2;
+            // Conditional: nullable is a Boolean expression
+            expr_ref d2 = derive_rec(r2);
+            expr_ref guarded = mk_ite(nullable_r1, d2, nothing());
+            return mk_union(d1_r2, guarded);
+        }
+
+        // δ(r1 ∪ r2) = δ(r1) ∪ δ(r2)
+        if (re().is_union(r, r1, r2)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref d2 = derive_rec(r2);
+            return mk_union(d1, d2);
+        }
+
+        // δ(r1 x r2) = δ(r1) x δ(r2)
+        if (re().is_xor(r, r1, r2)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref d2 = derive_rec(r2);
+            return mk_xor(d1, d2);
+        }
+
+        // δ(r1 ∩ r2) = δ(r1) ∩ δ(r2)
+        if (re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref d2 = derive_rec(r2);
+            return mk_inter(d1, d2);
+        }
+
+        // δ(~r1) = ~δ(r1)
+        if (re().is_complement(r, r1)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            return mk_complement(d1);
+        }
+
+        // δ(r1*) = δ(r1) · r1*
+        if (re().is_star(r, r1)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref star_r1(re().mk_star(r1), m);
+            return mk_deriv_concat(d1, star_r1);
+        }
+
+        // δ(r1+) = δ(r1) · r1*
+        if (re().is_plus(r, r1)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref star_r1(re().mk_star(r1), m);
+            return mk_deriv_concat(d1, star_r1);
+        }
+
+        // δ(r1?) = δ(r1)
+        if (re().is_opt(r, r1))
+            return derive_rec(r1);
+
+        // δ(r1{lo,hi})
+        if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi)) {
+            if (hi == 0 || hi < lo)
+                return nothing();
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref tail(re().mk_loop_proper(r1, (lo == 0 ? 0 : lo - 1), hi - 1), m);
+            return mk_deriv_concat(d1, tail);
+        }
+
+        // δ(r1{lo,}) - unbounded loop
+        if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref tail(re().mk_loop(r1, (lo == 0 ? 0 : lo - 1)), m);
+            return mk_deriv_concat(d1, tail);
+        }
+
+        // δ(r1 \ r2) = δ(r1) ∩ ~δ(r2)
+        if (re().is_diff(r, r1, r2)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref d2 = derive_rec(r2);
+            expr_ref neg_d2 = mk_complement(d2);
+            return mk_inter(d1, neg_d2);
+        }
+
+        // δ(ite(c, r1, r2)) = ite(c, δ(r1), δ(r2))
+        if (m.is_ite(r, cond, r1, r2)) {
+            expr_ref d1 = derive_rec(r1);
+            expr_ref d2 = derive_rec(r2);
+            return mk_ite(cond, d1, d2);
+        }
+
+        // δ(reverse(r1)) - normalize by pushing reverse inward, then derive
+        if (re().is_reverse(r, r1)) {
+            expr_ref norm = mk_regex_reverse(r1);
+            if (norm != r)
+                return derive_rec(norm);
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_derivative(m_ele, r), m);
+        }
+
+        // Stuck/uninterpreted case
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_derivative(m_ele, r), m);
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Derivative of specific regex constructs
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    expr_ref derive::derive_to_re(expr* s, sort* seq_sort) {
+        sort* re_sort = re().mk_re(seq_sort);
+        // δ(to_re("")) = ∅
+        if (u().str.is_empty(s))
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+
+        // δ(to_re("c₁c₂...cₙ")) = ite(ele = c₁, to_re("c₂...cₙ"), ∅)
+        zstring zs;
+        if (u().str.is_string(s, zs)) {
+            if (zs.length() == 0)
+                return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+            // First character
+            expr_ref head(m_util.mk_char(zs[0]), m);
+            expr_ref cond(m.mk_eq(m_ele, head), m);
+            // Tail string
+            expr_ref tail_str(u().str.mk_string(zs.extract(1, zs.length() - 1)), m);
+            expr_ref tail_re(re().mk_to_re(tail_str), m);
+            expr_ref empty(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+            return mk_ite(cond, tail_re, empty);
+        }
+
+        // δ(to_re(unit(c))) = ite(ele = c, ε, ∅)
+        expr* ch = nullptr;
+        if (u().str.is_unit(s, ch)) {
+            expr_ref eps(re().mk_to_re(u().str.mk_empty(seq_sort)), m);
+            expr_ref empty(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+            expr_ref cond(m.mk_eq(m_ele, ch), m);
+            return mk_ite(cond, eps, empty);
+        }
+
+        // δ(to_re(s1 ++ s2)) = ite(head matches, to_re(tail ++ s2), ∅)
+        expr* s1 = nullptr, * s2 = nullptr;
+        if (u().str.is_concat(s, s1, s2)) {
+            expr_ref hd(m), tl(m);
+            if (get_head_tail(s1, s2, hd, tl)) {
+                expr_ref cond(m.mk_eq(m_ele, hd), m);
+                expr_ref tail_re(re().mk_to_re(tl), m);
+                expr_ref empty(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+                return mk_ite(cond, tail_re, empty);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // δ(to_re(itos(n))) - derivative of integer-to-string
+        // itos(n) produces digits '0'-'9' when n >= 0, empty when n < 0
+        expr* n = nullptr;
+        if (u().str.is_itos(s, n)) {
+            expr_ref empty(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+            // Guard: n >= 0 and element is a digit and element = s[0]
+            expr_ref n_ge_0(m_autil.mk_ge(n, m_autil.mk_int(0)), m);
+            expr_ref char_0(m_util.mk_char('0'), m);
+            expr_ref char_9(m_util.mk_char('9'), m);
+            expr_ref ge_0(m_util.mk_le(char_0, m_ele), m);
+            expr_ref le_9(m_util.mk_le(m_ele, char_9), m);
+            expr_ref is_digit(m.mk_and(ge_0, le_9), m);
+            // First character of itos(n) matches ele
+            expr_ref zero_idx(m_autil.mk_int(0), m);
+            expr_ref first(u().str.mk_nth_i(s, zero_idx), m);
+            expr_ref eq_first(m.mk_eq(m_ele, first), m);
+            // Guard = n >= 0 && is_digit && ele = s[0]
+            expr_ref guard(m.mk_and(n_ge_0, m.mk_and(is_digit, eq_first)), m);
+            // Tail: to_re(substr(itos(n), 1, len(itos(n)) - 1))
+            expr_ref one(m_autil.mk_int(1), m);
+            expr_ref len(u().str.mk_length(s), m);
+            expr_ref rest_len(m_autil.mk_sub(len, one), m);
+            expr_ref rest(u().str.mk_substr(s, one, rest_len), m);
+            expr_ref rest_re(re().mk_to_re(rest), m);
+            return mk_ite(guard, rest_re, empty);
+        }
+
+        // Non-ground sequence: δ(to_re(s)) = ite(s ≠ "" ∧ ele = s[0], to_re(s[1:]), ∅)
+        expr_ref empty_seq(u().str.mk_empty(seq_sort), m);
+        expr_ref is_non_empty(m.mk_not(m.mk_eq(s, empty_seq)), m);
+        expr_ref zero(m_autil.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref first(u().str.mk_nth_i(s, zero), m);
+        expr_ref eq_first(m.mk_eq(m_ele, first), m);
+        expr_ref guard(m.mk_and(is_non_empty, eq_first), m);
+        expr_ref one(m_autil.mk_int(1), m);
+        expr_ref len(u().str.mk_length(s), m);
+        expr_ref rest_len(m_autil.mk_sub(len, one), m);
+        expr_ref rest(u().str.mk_substr(s, one, rest_len), m);
+        expr_ref rest_re(re().mk_to_re(rest), m);
+        expr_ref empty(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+        return mk_ite(guard, rest_re, empty);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::derive_range(expr* lo, expr* hi, sort* seq_sort) {
+        sort* re_sort = re().mk_re(seq_sort);
+        expr_ref empty(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+        expr_ref eps(re().mk_to_re(u().str.mk_empty(seq_sort)), m);
+
+        // Extract character values from unit strings
+        expr_ref c_lo(m), c_hi(m);
+        if (u().str.is_unit_string(lo, c_lo) && u().str.is_unit_string(hi, c_hi)) {
+            // Build range condition, simplifying trivial bounds
+            unsigned lo_val = 0, hi_val = 0;
+            bool lo_trivial = m_util.is_const_char(c_lo, lo_val) && lo_val == 0;
+            bool hi_trivial = m_util.is_const_char(c_hi, hi_val) && hi_val == u().max_char();
+
+            if (lo_trivial && hi_trivial)
+                return eps; // full charset range — always matches
+
+            expr_ref in_range(m);
+            if (lo_trivial)
+                in_range = m_util.mk_le(m_ele, c_hi);
+            else if (hi_trivial)
+                in_range = m_util.mk_le(c_lo, m_ele);
+            else
+                in_range = m.mk_and(m_util.mk_le(c_lo, m_ele), m_util.mk_le(m_ele, c_hi));
+
+            return mk_ite(in_range, eps, empty);
+        }
+
+        // Fallback: stuck derivative
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_derivative(m_ele, re().mk_range(lo, hi)), m);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::derive_of_pred(expr* pred, sort* seq_sort) {
+        sort* re_sort = re().mk_re(seq_sort);
+        expr_ref empty(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+        expr_ref eps(re().mk_to_re(u().str.mk_empty(seq_sort)), m);
+
+        // Apply predicate to the element
+        array_util autil(m);
+        expr* args[2] = { pred, m_ele };
+        expr_ref cond(autil.mk_select(2, args), m);
+        return mk_ite(cond, eps, empty);
+    }
+
+    // Extract head character and remaining tail from a sequence
+    // s1 is the first part, s2 is the continuation (from str.concat(s1, s2))
+    bool derive::get_head_tail(expr* s1, expr* s2, expr_ref& hd, expr_ref& tl) {
+        expr* ch = nullptr;
+        expr* a = nullptr, * b = nullptr;
+        if (u().str.is_unit(s1, ch)) {
+            hd = ch;
+            tl = s2;
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (u().str.is_concat(s1, a, b)) {
+            expr_ref new_s2(u().str.mk_concat(b, s2), m);
+            return get_head_tail(a, new_s2, hd, tl);
+        }
+        zstring zs;
+        if (u().str.is_string(s1, zs) && zs.length() > 0) {
+            hd = m_util.mk_char(zs[0]);
+            if (zs.length() == 1)
+                tl = s2;
+            else {
+                expr_ref rest(u().str.mk_string(zs.extract(1, zs.length() - 1)), m);
+                tl = u().str.mk_concat(rest, s2);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Normalize reverse
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_regex_reverse(expr* r) {
+        expr* r1 = nullptr, * r2 = nullptr, * c = nullptr;
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        if (re().is_empty(r) || re().is_range(r) || re().is_epsilon(r) || re().is_full_seq(r) ||
+            re().is_full_char(r) || re().is_dot_plus(r) || re().is_of_pred(r))
+            result = r;
+        else if (re().is_to_re(r))
+            result = re().mk_reverse(r);
+        else if (re().is_reverse(r, r1))
+            result = r1;
+        else if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2))
+            result = re().mk_concat(mk_regex_reverse(r2), mk_regex_reverse(r1));
+        else if (m.is_ite(r, c, r1, r2))
+            result = m.mk_ite(c, mk_regex_reverse(r1), mk_regex_reverse(r2));
+        else if (re().is_union(r, r1, r2)) {
+            auto a1 = mk_regex_reverse(r1);
+            auto b1 = mk_regex_reverse(r2);
+            result = re().mk_union(a1, b1);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2)) {
+            auto a1 = mk_regex_reverse(r1);
+            auto b1 = mk_regex_reverse(r2);
+            result = re().mk_inter(a1, b1);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_diff(r, r1, r2)) {
+            auto a1 = mk_regex_reverse(r1);
+            auto b1 = mk_regex_reverse(r2);
+            result = re().mk_diff(a1, b1);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_star(r, r1))
+            result = re().mk_star(mk_regex_reverse(r1));
+        else if (re().is_plus(r, r1))
+            result = re().mk_plus(mk_regex_reverse(r1));
+        else if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo))
+            result = re().mk_loop(mk_regex_reverse(r1), lo);
+        else if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi))
+            result = re().mk_loop_proper(mk_regex_reverse(r1), lo, hi);
+        else if (re().is_opt(r, r1))
+            result = re().mk_opt(mk_regex_reverse(r1));
+        else if (re().is_complement(r, r1))
+            result = re().mk_complement(mk_regex_reverse(r1));
+        else
+            result = re().mk_reverse(r);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Nullability - uses info class from seq_decl_plugin.h
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    expr_ref derive::is_nullable(expr* r) {
+        SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r) || m_util.is_seq(r));
+        expr* r1 = nullptr, * r2 = nullptr, * cond = nullptr;
+        sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+        zstring s1;
+        if (m_util.is_re(r)) {
+            auto info = re().get_info(r);
+            switch (info.nullable) {
+            case l_true: return expr_ref(m.mk_true(), m);
+            case l_false: return expr_ref(m.mk_false(), m);
+            default: break;
+            }
+        }
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2) ||
+            re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2)) {
+            m_br.mk_and(is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_union(r, r1, r2)) {
+            m_br.mk_or(is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_diff(r, r1, r2)) {
+            m_br.mk_not(is_nullable(r2), result);
+            m_br.mk_and(result, is_nullable(r1), result);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_xor(r, r1, r2)) {
+            m_br.mk_xor(is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_star(r) ||
+            re().is_opt(r) ||
+            re().is_full_seq(r) ||
+            re().is_epsilon(r) ||
+            (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo) && lo == 0) ||
+            (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi) && lo == 0)) {
+            result = m.mk_true();
+        }
+        else if (re().is_full_char(r) ||
+            re().is_empty(r) ||
+            re().is_of_pred(r) ||
+            re().is_range(r)) {
+            result = m.mk_false();
+        }
+        else if (re().is_plus(r, r1) ||
+            (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo) && lo > 0) ||
+            (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi) && lo > 0) ||
+            (re().is_reverse(r, r1))) {
+            result = is_nullable(r1);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_complement(r, r1)) {
+            m_br.mk_not(is_nullable(r1), result);
+        }
+        else if (re().is_to_re(r, r1)) {
+            result = is_nullable(r1);
+        }
+        else if (m.is_ite(r, cond, r1, r2)) {
+            m_br.mk_ite(cond, is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
+        }
+        else if (m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort)) {
+            result = is_nullable_symbolic_regex(r, seq_sort);
+        }
+        else if (u().str.is_concat(r, r1, r2)) {
+            m_br.mk_and(is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
+        }
+        else if (u().str.is_empty(r)) {
+            result = m.mk_true();
+        }
+        else if (u().str.is_unit(r)) {
+            result = m.mk_false();
+        }
+        else if (u().str.is_string(r, s1)) {
+            result = m.mk_bool_val(s1.length() == 0);
+        }
+        else {
+            SASSERT(m_util.is_seq(r));
+            result = m.mk_eq(u().str.mk_empty(r->get_sort()), r);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::is_nullable_symbolic_regex(expr* r, sort* seq_sort) {
+        SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r));
+        expr* elem = nullptr, * r1 = r, * r2 = nullptr, * s = nullptr;
+        expr_ref elems(u().str.mk_empty(seq_sort), m);
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        while (re().is_derivative(r1, elem, r2)) {
+            if (u().str.is_empty(elems))
+                elems = u().str.mk_unit(elem);
+            else
+                elems = u().str.mk_concat(u().str.mk_unit(elem), elems);
+            r1 = r2;
+        }
+        if (re().is_to_re(r1, s)) {
+            result = m.mk_eq(elems, s);
+            return result;
+        }
+        result = re().mk_in_re(u().str.mk_empty(seq_sort), r);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Smart constructors with simplification
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+    // Extract character range [lo, hi] from a derivative condition.
+    // Conditions are of the form:
+    //   ele == c                                          → range [c, c]
+    //   char_le(lo_expr, ele) && char_le(ele, hi_expr)  → range [lo, hi]
+    //   char_le(lo_expr, ele)                           → range [lo, max_char]
+    //   char_le(ele, hi_expr)                           → range [0, hi]
+    // Returns false if not a recognizable range condition.
+    // Predicate implication for character range conditions.
+    // Returns true if: whenever cond_a is true, cond_b must also be true.
+    // pred_implies(sign_a, a, sign_b, b): does (sign_a ? ¬a : a) imply (sign_b ? ¬b : b)?
+    bool derive::pred_implies(bool sign_a, expr* a, bool sign_b, expr* b) {
+        // Same atom: check sign compatibility
+        if (a == b) return sign_a == sign_b;
+
+        // Both negated: ¬a → ¬b iff b → a, i.e. pred_implies(false, b, false, a)
+        if (sign_a && sign_b)
+            return pred_implies(false, b, false, a);
+
+        unsigned lo_a, hi_a, lo_b, hi_b;
+        bool neg_a, neg_b;
+
+        if (!sign_a && !sign_b) {
+            // a → b: range_a ⊆ range_b
+            if (u().is_char_const_range(m_ele, a, lo_a, hi_a, neg_a) && !neg_a &&
+                u().is_char_const_range(m_ele, b, lo_b, hi_b, neg_b) && !neg_b)
+                return lo_b <= lo_a && hi_a <= hi_b;
+        }
+        else if (!sign_a && sign_b) {
+            // a → ¬b: range_a ∩ range_b = ∅
+            if (u().is_char_const_range(m_ele, a, lo_a, hi_a, neg_a) && !neg_a &&
+                u().is_char_const_range(m_ele, b, lo_b, hi_b, neg_b) && !neg_b)
+                return hi_a < lo_b || hi_b < lo_a;
+        }
+        else if (sign_a && !sign_b) {
+            // ¬a → b: complement of range_a ⊆ range_b
+            if (u().is_char_const_range(m_ele, a, lo_a, hi_a, neg_a) && !neg_a &&
+                u().is_char_const_range(m_ele, b, lo_b, hi_b, neg_b) && !neg_b)
+                return lo_b == 0 && hi_b >= u().max_char();
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool derive::pred_implies(expr* a, expr* b) {
+        bool sign_a = m.is_not(a, a);
+        bool sign_b = m.is_not(b, b);
+        return pred_implies(sign_a, a, sign_b, b);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_xor(expr *a, expr *b) {
+        return mk_core(OP_RE_XOR, a, b);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_xor_core(expr *a, expr *b) {
+
+        return m_re.mk_xor0(a, b);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_core(decl_kind k, expr* a, expr* b) {
+        expr *pe = get_path_expr();
+        expr *cached = nullptr;
+        auto& cache = k == OP_RE_UNION ? union_cache() : k == OP_RE_INTERSECT ? inter_cache() : xor_cache();
+        if (cache.find(a, b, pe, cached))
+            return expr_ref(cached, m);
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        // ITE handling with path pruning
+        auto inter_op = [&](expr *x, expr *y) { return mk_inter(x, y); };
+        auto union_op = [&](expr *x, expr *y) { return mk_union(x, y); };
+        auto xor_op   = [&](expr *x, expr *y) { return mk_xor(x, y); };
+        switch (k) { 
+        case OP_RE_UNION:
+            if (m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::brzozowski_t) 
+                result = hoist_ite(a, b, union_op);                        
+            if (!result)
+               result = mk_union_core(a, b); 
+            break;
+        case OP_RE_INTERSECT:
+            result = hoist_ite(a, b, inter_op);
+            if (!result)
+                result = mk_inter_core(a, b);            
+            break;
+        case OP_RE_XOR: 
+            result = hoist_ite(a, b, xor_op);
+            if (!result)
+                result = mk_xor_core(a, b); 
+            break;
+        default:
+            UNREACHABLE(); 
+            break;
+        }
+        // Store in cache
+        cache.insert(a, b, pe, result);
+        m_trail.push_back(a);
+        m_trail.push_back(b);
+        m_trail.push_back(pe);
+        m_trail.push_back(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_union(expr* a, expr* b) {
+        return mk_core(OP_RE_UNION, a, b);
+    }
+
+    // Lightweight structural subsumption: checks if L(a) ⊆ L(b)
+    bool derive::is_subset(expr* a, expr* b) {
+        return m_re.is_subset(a, b);
+    }
+
+    bool derive::are_complements(expr* a, expr* b) {
+        expr* c = nullptr;
+        if (re().is_complement(a, c) && c == b) return true;
+        if (re().is_complement(b, c) && c == a) return true;
+        return false;
+    }    
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_union_core(expr* a, expr* b) {
+
+        // Identity:    none ∪ R = R          (none is the unit of union)
+        // Idempotence: R ∪ R = R
+        // Absorption:  Σ* ∪ R = Σ*
+        // Without these the derivative of an intersection accumulates
+        // un-simplified unions such as union(inter, union(none, none)),
+        // producing many syntactically distinct but semantically equal
+        // states.  That defeats state dedup in the emptiness/bisim closure
+        // and makes contains-pattern intersections blow up.
+        if (re().is_empty(a)) return expr_ref(b, m);
+        if (re().is_empty(b)) return expr_ref(a, m);
+        if (a == b) return expr_ref(a, m);
+        if (re().is_full_seq(a) || re().is_full_seq(b))
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_full_seq(a->get_sort()), m);
+
+        // Flatten the disjuncts of `a` and `b` into a single reduced set,
+        // applying subsumption, prefix factoring and same-condition ITE merge
+        // against *every* existing member (see add_union_elem).  Pairwise
+        // reduction on the two direct operands alone misses a term subsumed by a
+        // member nested inside an existing union — the root cause of the
+        // loop ∩ comp derivative accumulating one a{0,k}·R state per k.
+        //
+        // The flattening uses an explicit worklist rather than recursion: a
+        // recursive insert-into-union recurses with depth proportional to the
+        // union width and overflows the stack on wide range-product unions.
+        expr_ref_vector set(m);
+        ptr_vector<expr> todo;
+        todo.push_back(b);
+        todo.push_back(a);
+        while (!todo.empty()) {
+            expr* e = todo.back();
+            todo.pop_back();
+            expr *e1, *e2;
+            if (re().is_union(e, e1, e2)) {
+                todo.push_back(e2);
+                todo.push_back(e1);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (re().is_empty(e))
+                continue;
+            if (re().is_full_seq(e))
+                return expr_ref(re().mk_full_seq(a->get_sort()), m);
+            add_union_elem(set, e);
+        }
+
+        if (set.empty())
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(a->get_sort()), m);
+        expr_ref r(set.get(0), m);
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < set.size(); ++i)
+            r = expr_ref(re().mk_union(r, set.get(i)), m);
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    // Reduce `e` against the disjunct set `set` and insert it, maintaining the
+    // invariant that no member subsumes another.  Iterative (bounded loop) to
+    // avoid the stack overflow a recursive formulation incurs on wide unions.
+    void derive::add_union_elem(expr_ref_vector& set, expr* e0) {
+        expr_ref e(e0, m);
+        bool changed = true;
+        while (changed) {
+            changed = false;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < set.size(); ++i) {
+                expr* s = set.get(i);
+                if (s == e)
+                    return;                                  // duplicate
+                // Subsumption: L(e) ⊆ L(s) ⇒ drop e; L(s) ⊆ L(e) ⇒ drop s.
+                if (is_subset(e, s))
+                    return;
+                if (is_subset(s, e)) {
+                    set.set(i, set.back());
+                    set.pop_back();
+                    changed = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Same-condition ITE merge:
+                //   ite(c,t1,e1) ∪ ite(c,t2,e2) → ite(c, t1∪t2, e1∪e2).
+                // Brings the bodies of same-condition ITE alternatives (e.g.
+                // a{0,k-1}·R and a{0,k}·R) into a common union where the subset
+                // rule above collapses them, preventing O(N) state blowup.
+                expr *c1, *t1, *el1, *c2, *t2, *el2;
+                if (m.is_ite(e, c1, t1, el1) && m.is_ite(s, c2, t2, el2) && c1 == c2) {
+                    set.set(i, set.back());
+                    set.pop_back();
+                    e = mk_ite(c1, mk_union(t1, t2), mk_union(el1, el2));
+                    changed = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                // NB: a `p·x ∪ p·y → p·(x ∪ y)` prefix-factoring rule used to
+                // live here.  It is semantically valid but harmful: factoring a
+                // common nullable-star prefix (e.g. (a|b)*) produces nested
+                // `S·(… ∪ …)` leaves that never stabilise to a bounded state
+                // family, so the bisimulation/emptiness closure keys ever-larger
+                // distinct expressions and fails to dedup.  Leaving the union in
+                // distributed form keeps each disjunct a "position" state, which
+                // matches the classical Brzozowski derivative and lets bisim
+                // close in a bounded number of steps on flat-vs-loop equivalence.
+            }
+        }
+        set.push_back(e);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_inter(expr* a, expr* b) {
+        return mk_core(OP_RE_INTERSECT, a, b);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_inter_core(expr* a, expr* b) {
+
+        // Subsumption covers: a==b, empty(a), empty(b), full(a), full(b), etc.
+        if (is_subset(a, b)) return expr_ref(a, m);
+        if (is_subset(b, a)) return expr_ref(b, m);
+
+        // Complement absorption: r ∩ ~r = ∅
+        expr *c = nullptr, *d = nullptr;
+        if (re().is_complement(a, c) && c == b)
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(a->get_sort()), m);
+        if (re().is_complement(b, c) && c == a)
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(a->get_sort()), m);
+        if (re().is_complement(a, c) && re().is_complement(b, d))
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_complement(mk_union_core(c, d)), m);
+
+
+
+        // Distribution of intersection over union:  (x ∪ y) ∩ b → (x ∩ b) ∪ (y ∩ b).
+        //
+        // This is done only in *antimirov* mode.  Antimirov derivatives expose
+        // nondeterminism by lifting unions to the top, so the emptiness/membership
+        // solver (get_derivative_targets / mk_deriv_accept) can decompose the
+        // transition regex into a set of individual ground product states
+        // inter(A_i, B_j) and check each separately — detecting emptiness fast.
+        //
+        // In *brzozowski* mode (used by the regex_bisim equivalence procedure)
+        // we deliberately keep the intersection *above* the union, mirroring the
+        // classical product DFA.  Distributing there would lift unions above
+        // intersections and turn one inter-state into a union of inter-states at
+        // every derivative step, doubling the number of distinct bisimulation
+        // states each step (super-linear blowup on product/equiv encodings such
+        // as (R1 ∩ ~R2) = (~R1 ∩ R2)).  The cofactor enumeration handles an
+        // intersection sitting above a union fine: get_cofactors uses
+        // decompose_ite, which hoists the var-0 conditions out of arbitrarily
+        // nested inter/union leaves, so states stay ground either way.
+        expr *u1 = nullptr, *u2 = nullptr;
+        if (m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t) {
+            if (re().is_union(a, u1, u2))
+                return mk_union(mk_inter(u1, b), mk_inter(u2, b));
+            if (re().is_union(b, u1, u2))
+                return mk_union(mk_inter(a, u1), mk_inter(a, u2));
+        }
+
+        // Base case: build raw intersection
+        return m_re.mk_inter(a, b);
+    }
+
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_concat(expr* a, expr* b) {
+        sort* seq_s = nullptr, * ele_s = nullptr;
+        VERIFY(m_util.is_re(a, seq_s));
+        VERIFY(u().is_seq(seq_s, ele_s));
+        if (re().is_empty(a)) return expr_ref(a, m);
+        if (re().is_empty(b)) return expr_ref(b, m);
+        if (re().is_epsilon(a)) return expr_ref(b, m);
+        if (re().is_epsilon(b)) return expr_ref(a, m);
+        if (re().is_full_seq(a) && re().is_full_seq(b))
+            return expr_ref(a, m);
+        if (re().is_full_char(a) && re().is_full_seq(b))
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(a->get_sort())), m);
+        if (re().is_full_seq(a) && re().is_full_char(b))
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(a->get_sort())), m);
+
+        // to_re(s1) · to_re(s2) → to_re(s1 ++ s2)
+        expr* s1 = nullptr, * s2 = nullptr;
+        if (re().is_to_re(a, s1) && re().is_to_re(b, s2))
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_to_re(u().str.mk_concat(s1, s2)), m);
+
+        // r* · r* → r*
+
+        expr* a1 = nullptr, *a2 = nullptr, * b1 = nullptr;
+
+        if (re().is_star(a, a1) && re().is_star(b, b1) && a1 == b1)
+            return expr_ref(a, m);
+
+        // Right-associate: (a · b) · c → a · (b · c)
+
+        if (re().is_concat(a, a1, a2)) 
+            return mk_concat(a1, mk_concat(a2, b));
+        
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_concat(a, b), m);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_complement(expr* a) {
+        // Check path-aware op cache
+        expr* pe = get_path_expr();
+        expr* cached = nullptr;
+        if (complement_cache().find(a, pe, cached))
+            return expr_ref(cached, m);
+
+        expr_ref result = mk_complement_core(a);
+
+        // Store in cache
+        complement_cache().insert(a, pe, result);
+        m_trail.push_back(a);
+        m_trail.push_back(pe);
+        m_trail.push_back(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_complement_core(expr* a) {
+        // ~~r → r
+        expr* r = nullptr;
+        if (re().is_complement(a, r))
+            return expr_ref(r, m);
+        // ~∅ → Σ*
+        if (re().is_empty(a))
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_full_seq(a->get_sort()), m);
+        // ~Σ* → ∅
+        if (re().is_full_seq(a))
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(a->get_sort()), m);
+
+        // Push through ITE with path pruning: ~(ite(c, t, e)) → ite(c, ~t, ~e)
+        expr* c, * t, * e;
+        if (m.is_ite(a, c, t, e)) {
+            auto comp_op = [&](expr* x) { return mk_complement(x); };
+            expr_ref r = apply_ite(c, t, e, comp_op);
+            if (r) return r;
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_full_seq(a->get_sort()), m);
+        }
+
+        // ~ε → .+
+        sort* s = nullptr;
+        expr* r1 = nullptr;
+        if (re().is_to_re(a, r1) && u().str.is_empty(r1)) {
+            VERIFY(m_util.is_re(a, s));
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(a->get_sort())), m);
+        }
+
+        // De Morgan: push complement through union/intersection to the leaves
+        // so that complemented subterms stay invariant across successive
+        // derivatives and unions are exposed at the top.  This keeps the
+        // symbolic derivative in transition-regex normal form and lets the
+        // antimirov non-emptiness check decide each union alternative
+        // separately.  In particular ~(Σ*a ∪ ε) → ~(Σ*a) ∩ .+, so the ~(Σ*a)
+        // state is shared rather than growing into ~(Σ*a ∪ ε ∪ ...), which
+        // otherwise defeats dead-state detection on loop ∩ comp regexes.
+        expr* e1 = nullptr, *e2 = nullptr;
+        if (re().is_union(a, e1, e2))
+            return mk_inter(mk_complement(e1), mk_complement(e2));
+        if (re().is_intersection(a, e1, e2))
+            return mk_union(mk_complement(e1), mk_complement(e2));
+
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_complement(a), m);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_ite(expr* c, expr* t, expr* e) {
+        if (m.is_true(c) || t == e)
+            return expr_ref(t, m);
+        if (m.is_false(c))
+            return expr_ref(e, m);
+        // Use path-aware condition evaluation
+        lbool cond_val = eval_path_cond(c);
+        if (cond_val == l_true) return expr_ref(t, m);
+        if (cond_val == l_false) return expr_ref(e, m);
+        return expr_ref(m.mk_ite(c, t, e), m);
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Distribute concat through ITE/union structure of derivative
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_deriv_concat(expr* d, expr* tail) {
+        // Check op cache
+        expr* cached = nullptr;
+        if (concat_cache().find(d, tail, cached))
+            return expr_ref(cached, m);
+
+        expr_ref result = mk_deriv_concat_core(d, tail);
+
+        // Store in cache
+        concat_cache().insert(d, tail, result);
+        m_trail.push_back(d);
+        m_trail.push_back(tail);
+        m_trail.push_back(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref derive::mk_deriv_concat_core(expr* d, expr* tail) {
+        expr_ref _d(d, m), _tail(tail, m);
+        expr* c, * t, * e;
+
+        if (re().is_empty(d))
+            return expr_ref(d, m);
+        if (re().is_epsilon(d))
+            return expr_ref(tail, m);
+
+        if (m.is_ite(d, c, t, e)) {
+            expr_ref then_r = mk_deriv_concat(t, tail);
+            expr_ref else_r = mk_deriv_concat(e, tail);
+            return mk_ite(c, then_r, else_r);
+        }
+
+        // (t ∪ e) · tail → (t · tail) ∪ (e · tail)
+        //
+        // Right-distribution of concatenation over a union derivative head.  Done
+        // only in *antimirov* mode (the membership/accept path): exposing the union
+        // at the top splits one residual into separate ground product states, which
+        // lets the solver short-circuit witness search and keeps counting patterns
+        // such as (.*a.{n}b.*) linear (NFA-style) instead of 2^n (DFA-style).
+        // In *brzozowski* mode (bisim equivalence and the brzozowski emptiness
+        // enumeration) we keep the union below the concatenation so transition
+        // regexes stay deterministic, mirroring the classical product DFA.
+        if (m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t && re().is_union(d, t, e)) {
+            expr_ref left = mk_deriv_concat(t, tail);
+            expr_ref right = mk_deriv_concat(e, tail);
+            return mk_union(left, right);
+        }
+
+        return mk_concat(d, tail);
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Path management for inline pruning
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    lbool derive::push(expr* c, bool sign) {
+        // Check if (c, sign) is already determined by the path
+        lbool cv = eval_path_cond(c);
+        if (cv == l_true && !sign) return l_true;   // c implied true, push(c,false) is redundant
+        if (cv == l_false && sign) return l_true;   // c implied false, push(c,true) is redundant  
+        if (cv == l_true && sign) return l_false;   // c implied true, push(c,true) contradicts
+        if (cv == l_false && !sign) return l_false; // c implied false, push(c,false) contradicts
+
+        // Save current state
+        unsigned saved_path_sz = m_path.size();
+        unsigned saved_intervals_sz = m_intervals.size();
+        unsigned saved_intervals_start = m_intervals_start;
+        expr* saved_path_expr = m_path_expr;
+
+        // Push atoms onto path and check for contradiction or implication
+        lbool result = push_path_atoms(c, sign);
+        if (result != l_undef) {
+            m_path.shrink(saved_path_sz);
+            m_intervals.shrink(saved_intervals_sz);
+            m_intervals_start = saved_intervals_start;
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // Update intervals
+        result = push_intervals_impl(c, sign);
+        if (result != l_undef) {
+            m_path.shrink(saved_path_sz);
+            m_intervals.shrink(saved_intervals_sz);
+            m_intervals_start = saved_intervals_start;
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // Update path expression
+        expr* atom = sign ? m.mk_not(c) : c;
+        m_path_expr = m.mk_and(m_path_expr, atom);
+        m_trail.push_back(m_path_expr);
+
+        // Commit: save state for pop()
+        m_path_stack.push_back({ saved_path_sz, saved_intervals_sz, saved_intervals_start, saved_path_expr });
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+
+    void derive::pop() {
+        SASSERT(!m_path_stack.empty());
+        auto const& saved = m_path_stack.back();
+        m_path.shrink(saved.path_sz);
+        m_intervals.shrink(saved.intervals_sz);
+        m_intervals_start = saved.intervals_start;
+        m_path_expr = saved.path_expr;
+        m_path_stack.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    // Binary apply_ite: hoist ite(c, t, e) op r with path pruning
+    expr_ref derive::apply_ite(expr* c, expr* t, expr* e, expr* r, std::function<expr_ref(expr*, expr*)> apply_op) {
+        expr_ref then_br(m), else_br(m);
+        switch (push(c, false)) {
+        case l_true:  return apply_op(t, r);
+        case l_undef: then_br = apply_op(t, r); pop(); break;
+        case l_false: break;
+        }
+        switch (push(c, true)) {
+        case l_true:  return apply_op(e, r);
+        case l_undef: else_br = apply_op(e, r); pop(); break;
+        case l_false: break;
+        }
+        if (then_br && else_br) return mk_ite(c, then_br, else_br);
+        if (then_br) return then_br;
+        if (else_br) return else_br;
+        return expr_ref(nullptr, m);
+    }
+
+    // Same-condition merge: ite(c, t1, e1) op ite(c, t2, e2) → ite(c, t1 op t2, e1 op e2)
+    expr_ref derive::apply_ite(expr* c, expr* t1, expr* e1, expr* t2, expr* e2, std::function<expr_ref(expr*, expr*)> apply_op) {
+        expr_ref then_br(m), else_br(m);
+        switch (push(c, false)) {
+        case l_true:  return apply_op(t1, t2);
+        case l_undef: then_br = apply_op(t1, t2); pop(); break;
+        case l_false: break;
+        }
+        switch (push(c, true)) {
+        case l_true:  return apply_op(e1, e2);
+        case l_undef: else_br = apply_op(e1, e2); pop(); break;
+        case l_false: break;
+        }
+        if (then_br && else_br) return mk_ite(c, then_br, else_br);
+        if (then_br) return then_br;
+        if (else_br) return else_br;
+        return expr_ref(nullptr, m);
+    }
+
+    // Unary apply_ite: hoist ite(c, t, e) through unary op with path pruning
+    expr_ref derive::apply_ite(expr* c, expr* t, expr* e, std::function<expr_ref(expr*)> apply_op) {
+        expr_ref then_br(m), else_br(m);
+        switch (push(c, false)) {
+        case l_true:  return apply_op(t);
+        case l_undef: then_br = apply_op(t); pop(); break;
+        case l_false: break;
+        }
+        switch (push(c, true)) {
+        case l_true:  return apply_op(e);
+        case l_undef: else_br = apply_op(e); pop(); break;
+        case l_false: break;
+        }
+        if (then_br && else_br) return mk_ite(c, then_br, else_br);
+        if (then_br) return then_br;
+        if (else_br) return else_br;
+        return expr_ref(nullptr, m);
+    }
+
+    // Common ITE dispatch for binary ops (union/inter).
+    // Returns nullptr if neither a nor b is ITE.
+    expr_ref derive::hoist_ite(expr* a, expr* b, std::function<expr_ref(expr*, expr*)> apply_op) {
+        expr *c1, *t1, *e1, *c2, *t2, *e2;
+        if (m.is_ite(a, c1, t1, e1) && m.is_ite(b, c2, t2, e2) && c1->get_id() > c2->get_id()) 
+            std::swap(a, b);
+        if (m.is_ite(a, c1, t1, e1) && m.is_ite(b, c2, t2, e2)) {
+            expr_ref r(m);
+            if (c1 == c2)
+                r = apply_ite(c1, t1, e1, t2, e2, apply_op);
+            else
+                r = apply_ite(c1, t1, e1, b, apply_op);
+            if (r) return r;
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(a->get_sort()), m);
+        }
+        // Single-ITE hoisting: must always recurse to maintain path-aware
+        // soundness — falling back to a non-path-aware structural rewrite
+        // here would bake unreachable branches into the result tree.
+        if (m.is_ite(a, c1, t1, e1)) {
+            expr_ref r = apply_ite(c1, t1, e1, b, apply_op);
+            if (r) return r;
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(a->get_sort()), m);
+        }
+        if (m.is_ite(b, c2, t2, e2)) {
+            expr_ref r = apply_ite(c2, t2, e2, a, apply_op);
+            if (r) return r;
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(a->get_sort()), m);
+        }
+        return expr_ref(nullptr, m);
+    }
+
+    // Push signed atoms onto m_path. Returns l_true if implied, l_false if contradicted, l_undef if pushed.
+    lbool derive::push_path_atoms(expr* c, bool sign) {
+        // Check if (c, sign) is already determined by the path
+        for (auto const& [cond, csign] : m_path) {
+            if (c == cond)
+                return csign == sign ? l_true : l_false;
+            expr* lhs1 = nullptr, * rhs1 = nullptr, * lhs2 = nullptr, * rhs2 = nullptr;
+            // x = v, v != w |-> x != w             
+            if (!csign && m.is_eq(cond, lhs1, rhs1) && m.is_eq(c, lhs2, rhs2)) {
+                if (m.is_value(lhs1)) std::swap(lhs1, rhs1);
+                if (m.is_value(lhs2)) std::swap(lhs2, rhs2);
+                if (lhs1 == lhs2 && m.are_distinct(rhs1, rhs2))
+                    return sign ? l_true : l_false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Composite: conjunction assumed true, or disjunction assumed false
+        if ((!sign && m.is_and(c)) || (sign && m.is_or(c))) {
+            bool all_implied = true;
+            for (expr* arg : *to_app(c)) {
+                lbool r = push_path_atoms(arg, sign);
+                if (r == l_false) return l_false;
+                if (r == l_undef) all_implied = false;
+            }
+            return all_implied ? l_true : l_undef;
+        }
+
+        // Atomic: push onto path
+        m_path.push_back({ c, sign });
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+
+    // Update m_intervals based on the condition. Returns l_true if implied, l_false if inconsistent, l_undef if pushed.
+    // Operates on the active suffix m_intervals[m_intervals_start..end].
+    // On modification, appends new intervals and updates m_intervals_start.
+    lbool derive::push_intervals_impl(expr* c, bool sign) {
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+        bool negated = false;
+        if (m_util.is_char_const_range(m_ele, c, lo, hi, negated)) {
+            bool effective_neg = (negated != sign);
+            if (!effective_neg) {
+                if (lo <= hi) {
+                    // Check if current intervals already imply [lo,hi]
+                    bool already_subset = true;
+                    for (unsigned i = m_intervals_start; i < m_intervals.size(); ++i) {
+                        if (m_intervals[i].first < lo || m_intervals[i].second > hi) { already_subset = false; break; }
+                    }
+                    if (already_subset) return l_true;
+                    intersect_intervals(lo, hi);
+                } else {
+                    // lo > hi means empty range — contradiction
+                    return l_false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (lo <= hi) {
+                    // Check if current intervals already exclude [lo,hi]
+                    bool already_excluded = true;
+                    for (unsigned i = m_intervals_start; i < m_intervals.size(); ++i) {
+                        if (m_intervals[i].first <= hi && m_intervals[i].second >= lo) { already_excluded = false; break; }
+                    }
+                    if (already_excluded) return l_true;
+                    exclude_interval(lo, hi);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if ((!sign && m.is_and(c)) || (sign && m.is_or(c))) {
+            bool all_implied = true;
+            for (expr* arg : *to_app(c)) {
+                lbool r = push_intervals_impl(arg, sign);
+                if (r == l_false) return l_false;
+                if (r == l_undef) all_implied = false;
+            }
+            unsigned n = m_intervals.size() - m_intervals_start;
+            return all_implied ? l_true : (n == 0 ? l_false : l_undef);
+        }
+        unsigned n = m_intervals.size() - m_intervals_start;
+        return n == 0 ? l_false : l_undef;
+    }
+
+    // Evaluate a condition against the current path and intervals.
+    lbool derive::eval_path_cond(expr* c) {
+        // First try static evaluation (concrete m_ele, tautologies)
+        lbool v = eval_cond(c);
+        if (v != l_undef) return v;
+
+        // Check against path atoms
+        for (auto const& [cond, sign] : m_path) {
+            if (c == cond)
+                return sign ? l_false : l_true;
+        }
+
+        // Check against intervals
+        v = eval_range_cond(c);
+        if (v != l_undef) return v;
+
+        // Check pred_implies from path atoms
+        for (auto const& [cond, sign] : m_path) {
+            if (pred_implies(sign, cond, false, c))
+                return l_true;
+            if (pred_implies(sign, cond, true, c))
+                return l_false;
+        }
+
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Condition evaluation helpers
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    lbool derive::eval_cond(expr* cond) {
+        expr* e1 = nullptr;
+
+        if (m.is_true(cond)) return l_true;
+        if (m.is_false(cond)) return l_false;
+
+        // Use is_char_const_range to evaluate conditions involving m_ele
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0, ele_val = 0;
+        bool negated = false;
+        if (m_util.is_char_const_range(m_ele, cond, lo, hi, negated) && u().is_const_char(m_ele, ele_val)) {
+            bool in_range = (lo <= ele_val && ele_val <= hi);
+            return (in_range != negated) ? l_true : l_false;
+        }
+
+        // Handle self-equality and constant comparisons not involving m_ele
+        expr* lhs = nullptr, * rhs = nullptr;
+        if (m.is_eq(cond, lhs, rhs) && lhs == rhs)
+            return l_true;
+
+        unsigned vl = 0, vr = 0;
+        if (u().is_char_le(cond, lhs, rhs)) {
+            if (u().is_const_char(lhs, vl) && u().is_const_char(rhs, vr))
+                return vl <= vr ? l_true : l_false;
+            if (u().is_const_char(lhs, vl) && vl == 0)
+                return l_true;
+            if (u().is_const_char(rhs, vr) && vr == u().max_char())
+                return l_true;
+        }
+
+        // not(e1)
+        if (m.is_not(cond, e1))
+            return ~eval_cond(e1);
+
+        // and(...)
+        if (m.is_and(cond)) {
+            lbool r = l_true;
+            for (expr* arg : *to_app(cond)) {
+                lbool v = eval_cond(arg);
+                if (v == l_false) return l_false;
+                if (v == l_undef) r = l_undef;
+            }
+            return r;
+        }
+
+        // or(...)
+        if (m.is_or(cond)) {
+            lbool r = l_false;
+            for (expr* arg : *to_app(cond)) {
+                lbool v = eval_cond(arg);
+                if (v == l_true) return l_true;
+                if (v == l_undef) r = l_undef;
+            }
+            return r;
+        }
+
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+
+    lbool derive::eval_range_cond(expr* c) {
+        unsigned n = m_intervals.size() - m_intervals_start;
+        if (n == 0)
+            return l_false;
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+        bool negated = false;
+        if (!m_util.is_char_const_range(m_ele, c, lo, hi, negated))
+            return l_undef;
+        if (lo > hi) {
+            return negated ? l_true : l_false;
+        }
+        // Check if [lo, hi] overlaps with intervals and/or contains all intervals
+        bool any_overlap = false;
+        bool all_contained = true;
+        for (unsigned i = m_intervals_start; i < m_intervals.size(); ++i) {
+            auto [r_lo, r_hi] = m_intervals[i];
+            if (std::max(r_lo, lo) <= std::min(r_hi, hi))
+                any_overlap = true;
+            if (r_lo < lo || r_hi > hi)
+                all_contained = false;
+        }
+        if (!negated) {
+            if (!any_overlap) return l_false;
+            if (all_contained) return l_true;
+        } else {
+            if (all_contained) return l_false;
+            if (!any_overlap) return l_true;
+        }
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+
+    // Intersect the active suffix m_intervals[m_intervals_start..end] with [lo, hi]
+    void derive::intersect_intervals(unsigned lo, unsigned hi) {
+        // Copy active suffix to end, update start, then filter
+        unsigned old_sz = m_intervals.size();
+        for (unsigned i = m_intervals_start; i < old_sz; ++i) {
+            auto e = m_intervals[i];
+            m_intervals.push_back(e);
+        }
+        m_intervals_start = old_sz;
+        // Filter in-place within new suffix: drop intervals disjoint from [lo,hi],
+        // keep the intersection for overlapping ones.
+        unsigned j = m_intervals_start;
+        for (unsigned i = m_intervals_start; i < m_intervals.size(); ++i) {
+            auto [lo1, hi1] = m_intervals[i];
+            if (hi < lo1 || lo > hi1)
+                continue;  // disjoint with this interval — drop it
+            m_intervals[j++] = {std::max(lo1, lo), std::min(hi1, hi)};
+        }
+        m_intervals.shrink(j);
+    }
+
+    // Exclude [lo, hi] from the active suffix m_intervals[m_intervals_start..end]
+    void derive::exclude_interval(unsigned lo, unsigned hi) {
+        unsigned max_char = u().max_char();
+        if (lo == 0 && hi >= max_char) { m_intervals_start = m_intervals.size(); return; }
+        if (lo == 0) { intersect_intervals(hi + 1, max_char); return; }
+        if (hi >= max_char) { intersect_intervals(0, lo - 1); return; }
+        // Each interval [ilo, ihi] minus [lo, hi] → up to 2 pieces
+        // Append new results past the end, then move start
+        unsigned old_start = m_intervals_start;
+        unsigned old_sz = m_intervals.size();
+        for (unsigned i = old_start; i < old_sz; ++i) {
+            auto [ilo, ihi] = m_intervals[i];
+            if (ihi < lo || ilo > hi) {
+                auto e = m_intervals[i];
+                m_intervals.push_back(e);
+            } else {
+                if (ilo < lo)
+                    m_intervals.push_back({ilo, lo - 1});
+                if (ihi > hi)
+                    m_intervals.push_back({hi + 1, ihi});
+            }
+        }
+        m_intervals_start = old_sz;
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Cofactor enumeration over a transition regex
+    // -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    expr_ref derive::clean_leaf(expr* r) {
+        expr* a = nullptr, * b = nullptr;
+        if (re().is_union(r, a, b))
+            return mk_union(clean_leaf(a), clean_leaf(b));
+        if (re().is_intersection(r, a, b))
+            return mk_inter(clean_leaf(a), clean_leaf(b));
+        return expr_ref(r, m);
+    }
+
+    void derive::get_cofactors_rec(expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result) {
+        // Hoist the (first) if-then-else condition to the top of r, splitting it
+        // into the equivalent ite(c, th, el); when r contains no ite it is a
+        // leaf of the transition regex.
+        expr_ref c(m), th(m), el(m);
+        if (!m_br.decompose_ite(r, c, th, el)) {
+            // Re-normalize the leaf: decompose_ite substitutes ITE branches
+            // structurally so the leaf may carry un-simplified union(_, none)
+            // / inter(_, none) nodes.  Cleaning them keeps semantically equal
+            // states syntactically identical, which is essential for state
+            // dedup in the emptiness/bisim closure.
+            expr_ref cr = clean_leaf(r);
+            if (!re().is_empty(cr))
+                result.push_back(get_path_expr(), cr);
+            return;
+        }
+        // Positive branch: c holds.
+        switch (push(c, false)) {
+        case l_true:  get_cofactors_rec(th, result); break;
+        case l_undef: get_cofactors_rec(th, result); pop(); break;
+        case l_false: break;
+        }
+        // Negative branch: c does not hold.
+        switch (push(c, true)) {
+        case l_true:  get_cofactors_rec(el, result); break;
+        case l_undef: get_cofactors_rec(el, result); pop(); break;
+        case l_false: break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void derive::get_cofactors(expr* ele, expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result) {
+        SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r));
+        if (ele != m_ele)
+            reset_op_caches();
+        m_ele = ele;
+        m_trail.push_back(ele);
+        m_trail.push_back(r);
+        // Initialize a fresh path/interval context for this traversal.
+        m_path.reset();
+        m_path_stack.reset();
+        m_intervals.reset();
+        m_intervals.push_back({0u, u().max_char()});
+        m_intervals_start = 0;
+        m_path_expr = m.mk_true();
+        get_cofactors_rec(r, result);
+    }
+
+    void derive::derivative_cofactors(expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result) {
+        // Compute the symbolic derivative wrt the canonical variable
+        // (:var 0); operator() sets m_ele to that variable.  We use the
+        // brzozowski normal form (intersections kept above unions,
+        // deterministic transition regexes) for both the regex_bisim
+        // equivalence procedure and the emptiness solver.
+        expr_ref d = (*this)(derivative_kind::brzozowski_t, r);
+        // Enumerate the reachable, fully ITE-hoisted leaves of the
+        // transition regex. get_cofactors uses the SAME m_ele set above,
+        // so the (:var 0) conditions in d are matched and pruned.
+        get_cofactors(m_ele, d, result);
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_derive.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_derive.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0559bdf1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_derive.h
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_derive.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Symbolic derivative computation for regular expressions.
+    Produces an ITE-tree (transition regex) representation where
+    the free variable is de Bruijn index 0 representing the input character.
+
+    Based on the theory of symbolic derivatives and transition regexes:
+    - Veanes et al., "On Symbolic Derivatives and Transition Regexes" (LPAR 2024)
+    - Varatalu, Veanes, Ernits, "RE#" (POPL 2025)
+    - Stanford, Veanes, Bjørner, "Symbolic Boolean Derivatives" (PLDI 2021)
+
+Authors:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2025-06-03
+
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.h"
+#include "util/obj_pair_hashtable.h"
+#include "util/obj_triple_hashtable.h"
+#include <functional>
+
+class seq_rewriter;
+
+namespace seq {
+
+    enum class derivative_kind { antimirov_t, brzozowski_t };
+    /**
+     * Symbolic derivative engine for regular expressions.
+     *
+     * Given a regex r, operator()(r) computes a symbolic derivative δ(r)
+     * represented as an ITE-tree over character predicates (using de Bruijn
+     * variable 0 for the character). Evaluating the ITE-tree for a concrete
+     * character 'a' yields the classical Brzozowski derivative δ_a(r).
+     *
+     * The ITE-tree structure implicitly defines minterms (equivalence classes
+     * of characters indistinguishable by the regex).
+     *
+     * Key properties:
+     * - Results are memoized for termination on cyclic derivative graphs
+     * - Union/intersection operands are sorted for ACI canonicalization
+     * - Depth-bounded to prevent stack overflow
+     */
+    class derive {
+        ast_manager&    m;
+        seq_util        m_util;
+        arith_util      m_autil;
+        bool_rewriter   m_br;
+        seq_rewriter&   m_re;
+
+        // Cache: maps (ele, regex) pair to its derivative
+        obj_pair_map<expr, expr, expr*> m_acache, m_bcache;
+        obj_pair_map<expr, expr, expr*> m_atop_cache, m_btop_cache; // post-simplify cache
+        expr_ref_vector      m_trail;    // pin cached results
+
+        // Op cache for ITE-hoisting operations (union, inter, concat, complement)
+        // Path-aware caches: key is (a, b, path_expr) for binary ops, (a, path_expr) for complement
+        obj_triple_map<expr, expr, expr, expr *> m_aunion_cache, m_bunion_cache, m_ainter_cache, m_binter_cache, m_axor_cache, m_bxor_cache;
+        obj_pair_map<expr, expr, expr*> m_aconcat_cache, m_bconcat_cache;
+        obj_pair_map<expr, expr, expr*> m_acomplement_cache, m_bcomplement_cache;
+
+        // Depth limiting
+        unsigned m_depth { 0 };
+        static const unsigned m_max_depth = 512;
+
+        seq_util::rex& re() { return m_util.re; }
+        seq_util& u() { return m_util; }
+
+        derivative_kind m_derivative_kind = derivative_kind::antimirov_t;
+
+        // The element (character) for the current derivative computation
+        expr_ref m_ele;
+
+        // Path state for inline pruning during mk_inter/mk_union/mk_complement
+        using intervals_t = svector<std::pair<unsigned, unsigned>>;
+
+        // Path: vector of signed atoms
+        svector<std::pair<expr*, bool>> m_path;
+        // Intervals: feasible character ranges under current path (append-only)
+        intervals_t m_intervals;
+        unsigned m_intervals_start { 0 };
+        // Stack of saved states for push/pop
+        struct path_save { unsigned path_sz; unsigned intervals_sz; unsigned intervals_start; expr* path_expr; };
+        svector<path_save> m_path_stack;
+        // Boolean expression encoding of current path (for cache keys)
+        expr_ref m_path_expr;
+
+        // Path interface
+        lbool push(expr* c, bool sign);  // l_true: implied, l_undef: pushed (must pop), l_false: contradicts
+        void  pop();                      // restore state to matching push
+        expr* get_path_expr() { return m_path_expr; }
+
+        obj_pair_map<expr, expr, expr *> &cache() {
+            return m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t ? m_acache : m_bcache;
+        }
+
+        obj_pair_map<expr, expr, expr *> &top_cache() {
+            return m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t ? m_atop_cache : m_btop_cache;
+        }
+
+        obj_triple_map<expr, expr, expr, expr *> &union_cache() {
+            return m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t ? m_aunion_cache : m_bunion_cache;
+        }
+
+        obj_triple_map<expr, expr, expr, expr *> &inter_cache() {
+            return m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t ? m_ainter_cache : m_binter_cache;
+        }
+
+        obj_triple_map<expr, expr, expr, expr *> &xor_cache() {
+            return m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t ? m_axor_cache : m_bxor_cache;
+        }
+
+        obj_pair_map<expr, expr, expr *> &concat_cache() {
+            return m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t ? m_aconcat_cache : m_bconcat_cache;
+        }
+
+        obj_pair_map<expr, expr, expr *> &complement_cache() {
+            return m_derivative_kind == derivative_kind::antimirov_t ? m_acomplement_cache : m_bcomplement_cache;
+        }
+
+        // Hoist ITE: apply_op through ite(c, t, e) with path pruning
+        expr_ref apply_ite(expr* c, expr* t, expr* e, expr* r, std::function<expr_ref(expr*, expr*)> apply_op);
+        expr_ref apply_ite(expr* c, expr* t1, expr* e1, expr* t2, expr* e2, std::function<expr_ref(expr*, expr*)> apply_op);
+        expr_ref apply_ite(expr* c, expr* t, expr* e, std::function<expr_ref(expr*)> apply_op);
+        // Common ITE dispatch for binary ops (union/inter)
+        expr_ref hoist_ite(expr* a, expr* b, std::function<expr_ref(expr*, expr*)> apply_op);
+
+        // Evaluate a condition against the current path/intervals
+        lbool eval_path_cond(expr* c);
+
+        // Internal helpers for push
+        lbool push_path_atoms(expr* c, bool sign);
+        lbool push_intervals_impl(expr* c, bool sign);
+
+        // Core derivative computation
+        expr_ref derive_rec(expr* r);
+        expr_ref derive_core(expr* r);
+
+        // Helpers for specific regex constructs
+        expr_ref derive_to_re(expr* s, sort* seq_sort);
+        expr_ref derive_range(expr* lo, expr* hi, sort* seq_sort);
+        expr_ref derive_of_pred(expr* pred, sort* seq_sort);
+
+        // Nullable check: returns a Boolean expression
+        expr_ref is_nullable(expr* r);
+        expr_ref is_nullable_symbolic_regex(expr* r, sort* seq_sort);
+
+        // Smart constructors with path-aware simplification and ACI canonicalization
+        expr_ref mk_union(expr* a, expr* b);
+        bool are_complements(expr* a, expr* b);
+        unsigned union_id(expr* e);              // complement-aware ID for sorting
+        bool is_subset(expr* a, expr* b);
+        expr_ref mk_union_core(expr* a, expr* b); 
+        void add_union_elem(expr_ref_vector& set, expr* e);
+        expr_ref mk_inter(expr* a, expr* b);
+        expr_ref mk_inter_core(expr* a, expr* b); 
+        expr_ref mk_concat(expr* a, expr* b);
+        expr_ref mk_complement(expr* a);
+        expr_ref mk_complement_core(expr* a);
+        expr_ref mk_xor(expr *a, expr *b);
+        expr_ref mk_xor_core(expr *a, expr *b);
+        expr_ref mk_core(decl_kind k, expr* a, expr* b);
+        expr_ref mk_ite(expr* c, expr* t, expr* e);
+
+        // Distribute concatenation through ITE/union in derivative
+        expr_ref mk_deriv_concat(expr* d, expr* tail);
+        expr_ref mk_deriv_concat_core(expr* d, expr* tail);
+
+        // Extract head character and tail from a sequence expression
+        bool get_head_tail(expr* s1, expr* s2, expr_ref& hd, expr_ref& tl);
+
+        // Predicate implication for character range conditions.
+        bool pred_implies(bool sign_a, expr* a, bool sign_b, expr* b);
+        bool pred_implies(expr* a, expr* b);
+
+        // Normalize reverse(r)
+        expr_ref mk_regex_reverse(expr* r);
+
+        // Condition evaluation helpers
+        lbool eval_cond(expr* cond);
+        lbool eval_range_cond(expr* c);
+        void intersect_intervals(unsigned lo, unsigned hi);
+        void exclude_interval(unsigned lo, unsigned hi);
+
+        // Cofactor enumeration over a transition regex (ITE-tree).
+        void get_cofactors_rec(expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result);
+
+        // Re-apply union/intersection simplifications bottom-up to a cofactor
+        // leaf.  decompose_ite substitutes ITE branch values structurally
+        // (no simplification), so leaves can contain un-normalized nodes such
+        // as union(R, none) or inter(R, none); this rebuilds them through
+        // mk_union/mk_inter so equal states share a canonical form.
+        expr_ref clean_leaf(expr* r);
+
+        sort* re_sort(expr* r) { return r->get_sort(); }
+        sort* seq_sort(expr* r) { sort* s = nullptr; m_util.is_re(r, s); return s; }
+        sort* ele_sort(expr* r) { sort* s = seq_sort(r); sort* e = nullptr; m_util.is_seq(s, e); return e; }
+
+        void reset();
+        void reset_op_caches();
+
+    public:
+        derive(ast_manager& m, seq_rewriter& re);
+
+        /**
+         * Compute the derivative of regex r with respect to element ele.
+         * When ele is a de Bruijn variable, produces a symbolic ITE-tree.
+         * When ele is a concrete character, produces the concrete derivative.
+         */
+        expr_ref operator()(derivative_kind k, expr* ele, expr* r);
+
+        /**
+         * Convenience: symbolic derivative using de Bruijn var 0.
+         */
+        expr_ref operator()(derivative_kind k, expr* r);
+
+        /**
+         * Nullable check: returns a Boolean expression that is true iff r accepts the empty string.
+         */
+        expr_ref nullable(expr* r) { return is_nullable(r); }
+
+        /**
+         * Enumerate the cofactors (min-terms) of a transition regex r taken with
+         * respect to element ele. r is an ITE-tree over character predicates on
+         * ele; for every feasible path through the tree this produces a pair
+         * (path_condition, leaf_regex). Infeasible character-interval
+         * combinations are pruned using the same path/interval context that the
+         * derivative engine uses while hoisting ITEs.
+         */
+        void get_cofactors(expr* ele, expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result);
+
+        /**
+         * Compute the symbolic derivative of r and enumerate its reachable
+         * leaves in fully ITE-hoisted normal form.
+         *
+         * Concretely this returns, for every feasible minterm (character
+         * class) of δ(r), a pair (path_condition, target_regex). Every
+         * if-then-else over the input character (including ones that would
+         * otherwise be buried under a concat/union) is hoisted to the top
+         * via the same path/interval pruning used by the derivative engine,
+         * so each target_regex is free of (:var 0) and its nullability is
+         * always decidable. Unions are kept intact as single leaves (a
+         * union leaf denotes a single bisimulation state). Infeasible
+         * minterms are pruned, so all returned leaves are reachable.
+         *
+         * This is the entry point the regex_bisim equivalence procedure
+         * uses: it consumes the target_regex of each pair and ignores the
+         * (redundant) path condition.
+         */
+        void derivative_cofactors(expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result);
+
+    };
+
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_eq_solver.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_eq_solver.cpp
index c6778c45e3..a77aaa55ba 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_eq_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_eq_solver.cpp
@@ -226,7 +226,6 @@ namespace seq {
         return
             e.ls.size() == 1 && e.rs.size() == 1 &&
             seq.str.is_ubv2s(e.ls[0], a) && seq.str.is_ubv2s(e.rs[0], b);
-        return false;
     }
 
     bool eq_solver::reduce_ubv2s1(eqr const& e, eq_ptr& r) {
@@ -728,5 +727,5 @@ namespace seq {
 
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_eq_solver.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_eq_solver.h
index c6c5437b79..a3e8a00d47 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_eq_solver.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_eq_solver.h
@@ -167,5 +167,5 @@ namespace seq {
         
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bd725cbeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_range_collapse.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of regex <-> range_predicate translation for the
+    boolean-combination-of-ranges fragment. See header for the recognized
+    grammar and the canonical regex AST emitted by materialization.
+
+Authors:
+
+    Margus Veanes (veanes) 2026
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.h"
+
+namespace seq {
+
+    bool regex_to_range_predicate(seq_util& u, expr* r, range_predicate& out) {
+        // The range algebra only models sets of single characters over the
+        // unsigned character domain [0, max_char].  Guard against any regex
+        // whose element type is not a sequence of characters (e.g. a regex
+        // over (Seq Int) or (Seq (Seq Char))): for such regexes the
+        // re.range/re.union/... matchers below would silently fabricate a
+        // character-class predicate and change semantics.  Reject them up
+        // front so callers fall back to the generic regex path.
+        sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+        if (!u.is_re(r, seq_sort) || !u.is_string(seq_sort))
+            return false;
+
+        unsigned const max_char = u.max_char();
+        auto& re = u.re;
+
+        if (re.is_empty(r)) {
+            out = range_predicate::empty(max_char);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (re.is_full_char(r)) {
+            out = range_predicate::top(max_char);
+            return true;
+        }
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+        expr* lo_e = nullptr;
+        expr* hi_e = nullptr;
+        if (re.is_range(r, lo_e, hi_e)) {
+            auto extract_char = [&](expr* e, unsigned& c) -> bool {
+                if (u.is_const_char(e, c)) return true;
+                expr* inner = nullptr;
+                if (u.str.is_unit(e, inner) && u.is_const_char(inner, c)) return true;
+                zstring s;
+                if (u.str.is_string(e, s) && s.length() == 1) {
+                    c = s[0];
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            };
+            if (!extract_char(lo_e, lo) || !extract_char(hi_e, hi))
+                return false;
+            // Empty/inverted range [lo > hi] is the empty regex.
+            if (lo > hi) {
+                out = range_predicate::empty(max_char);
+                return true;
+            }
+            out = range_predicate::range(lo, hi, max_char);
+            return true;
+        }
+        expr *a = nullptr, *b = nullptr, *c = nullptr;
+        if (re.is_union(r, a, b)) {
+            range_predicate pa(max_char), pb(max_char);
+            if (!regex_to_range_predicate(u, a, pa)) return false;
+            if (!regex_to_range_predicate(u, b, pb)) return false;
+            out = pa | pb;
+            return true;
+        }
+        auto mk_diff = [&](expr *a, expr *b) -> bool {
+            range_predicate pa(max_char), pb(max_char);
+            if (!regex_to_range_predicate(u, a, pa))
+                return false;
+            if (!regex_to_range_predicate(u, b, pb))
+                return false;
+            out = pa - pb;
+            return true;
+        };
+        if (re.is_diff(r, a, b))
+            return mk_diff(a, b);
+
+        if (re.is_intersection(r, a, b) && re.is_complement(b, c)) 
+            return mk_diff(a, c);
+        
+        if (re.is_intersection(r, a, b) && re.is_complement(a, c)) 
+            return mk_diff(b, c);
+        
+        if (re.is_intersection(r, a, b)) {
+            range_predicate pa(max_char), pb(max_char);
+            if (!regex_to_range_predicate(u, a, pa)) return false;
+            if (!regex_to_range_predicate(u, b, pb)) return false;
+            out = pa & pb;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        
+        // NOTE: re.complement is intentionally NOT handled here.
+        //   re.complement is the SEQUENCE-level complement: its language
+        //   includes the empty string, strings of length >= 2, and any
+        //   length-1 string outside the operand.  A character-class
+        //   range_predicate can only describe a set of length-1 strings,
+        //   so collapsing re.complement(R) to ~R (character-level
+        //   complement) would change semantics whenever R is wrapped in
+        //   any sequence-level context (e.g. re.diff at the top level,
+        //   or membership tests).  De-Morgan equivalences and the
+        //   special cases re.complement(re.empty) / re.complement(re.full)
+        //   are already handled directly in seq_rewriter::mk_re_complement.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static expr_ref mk_unit_string_from_char(seq_util& u, unsigned c) {
+        return expr_ref(u.str.mk_string(zstring(c)), u.get_manager());
+    }
+
+    static expr_ref mk_single_range_regex(seq_util& u, unsigned lo, unsigned hi, sort* re_sort) {
+        ast_manager& m = u.get_manager();
+        return expr_ref(u.re.mk_range(re_sort, lo, hi), m);
+    }
+
+    expr_ref range_predicate_to_regex(seq_util& u, range_predicate const& p, sort* seq_sort) {
+        ast_manager& m = u.get_manager();
+        sort* re_sort = u.re.mk_re(seq_sort);
+        if (p.is_empty())
+            return expr_ref(u.re.mk_empty(re_sort), m);
+        unsigned const n = p.num_ranges();
+        SASSERT(n > 0);
+        if (n == 1) {
+            auto [lo, hi] = p[0];
+            return mk_single_range_regex(u, lo, hi, re_sort);
+        }
+        // Build single-range AST nodes first, then sort by expression id
+        // so the resulting right-associated union matches the canonical
+        // id-sorted shape that seq_rewriter::merge_regex_sets expects.
+        // Without this the merge algorithm produces incorrect unions
+        // when it has to combine our materialized output with another
+        // (id-sorted) regex set.
+        expr_ref_vector ranges(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            auto [lo, hi] = p[i];
+            ranges.push_back(mk_single_range_regex(u, lo, hi, re_sort));
+        }
+        std::sort(ranges.data(), ranges.data() + ranges.size(),
+                  [](expr* a, expr* b) { return a->get_id() < b->get_id(); });
+        expr_ref acc(ranges.get(n - 1), m);
+        for (unsigned i = n - 1; i-- > 0; )
+            acc = expr_ref(u.re.mk_union(ranges.get(i), acc), m);
+        return acc;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16cd5fd67b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_range_collapse.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Recognize regexes that are boolean combinations of character-class
+    primitives (re.empty, re.full_char, re.range with concrete chars,
+    and re.union/inter/comp/diff over translatable arguments), and
+    materialize a seq::range_predicate back into a canonical regex AST.
+
+    Together with seq_rewriter integration, this lets any boolean
+    combination of character-class regexes collapse to a canonical
+    multi-range form, so that equivalent character classes share AST
+    identity, and downstream consumers (derivative, OneStep, caching)
+    can short-circuit them as pure range predicates.
+
+Authors:
+
+    Margus Veanes (veanes) 2026
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.h"
+#include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+
+namespace seq {
+
+    /**
+     * If r is a boolean combination of character-class regex primitives
+     * over the unsigned character domain [0, max_char], compute the
+     * equivalent range_predicate and return true. Otherwise return false
+     * with out untouched.
+     *
+     * Recognized fragment (all character-class-preserving operations):
+     *   re.empty                              -> empty
+     *   re.full_char_set                      -> top
+     *   re.range "c_lo" "c_hi"  (concrete)    -> [c_lo, c_hi]
+     *   re.union r1 r2                        -> p1 | p2
+     *   re.intersection r1 r2                 -> p1 & p2
+     *   re.diff r1 r2                         -> p1 - p2
+     *
+     * Notably re.complement is NOT recognized: it is a SEQUENCE-level
+     * complement (over all of Σ*), not a character-class complement, so
+     * collapsing it would change semantics whenever the result is used
+     * in any non-character-class context.  Sequence-level rewrites for
+     * re.complement (double-comp, deMorgan, etc.) are handled directly
+     * in seq_rewriter::mk_re_complement.
+     */
+    bool regex_to_range_predicate(seq_util& u, expr* r, range_predicate& out);
+
+    /**
+     * Canonical materialization of p as a regex AST over the given
+     * sequence sort. Two range_predicates with equal canonical
+     * representations produce structurally identical regex ASTs:
+     *
+     *   empty                  -> re.empty
+     *   top                    -> re.full_char_set
+     *   single range [lo, hi]  -> re.range "lo" "hi"
+     *   multiple ranges        -> right-associated re.union of single
+     *                              ranges, in increasing order of lo
+     *                              (matching the canonical range order
+     *                              held by range_predicate).
+     */
+    expr_ref range_predicate_to_regex(seq_util& u, range_predicate const& p, sort* seq_sort);
+
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7bb9eac821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_range_predicate.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the specialized range-algebra used by symbolic
+    derivative computation and regex rewriting. See seq_range_predicate.h
+    for the algebraic specification.
+
+    All Boolean operations are implemented as single linear sweeps over
+    the canonical sorted range vectors and produce canonical output
+    (sorted, disjoint, non-adjacent).
+
+Authors:
+
+    Margus Veanes (veanes) 2026
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.h"
+#include "util/debug.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace seq {
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Factories
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::empty(unsigned max_char) {
+        return range_predicate(max_char);
+    }
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::top(unsigned max_char) {
+        range_predicate r(max_char);
+        r.m_ranges.push_back({0u, max_char});
+        SASSERT(r.well_formed());
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::singleton(unsigned c, unsigned max_char) {
+        SASSERT(c <= max_char);
+        range_predicate r(max_char);
+        r.m_ranges.push_back({c, c});
+        SASSERT(r.well_formed());
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::range(unsigned lo, unsigned hi, unsigned max_char) {
+        range_predicate r(max_char);
+        if (lo <= hi && lo <= max_char) {
+            unsigned clipped_hi = hi <= max_char ? hi : max_char;
+            r.m_ranges.push_back({lo, clipped_hi});
+        }
+        SASSERT(r.well_formed());
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Invariants and observers
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    bool range_predicate::well_formed() const {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_ranges.size(); ++i) {
+            auto [lo, hi] = m_ranges[i];
+            if (lo > hi) return false;
+            if (hi > m_max_char) return false;
+            if (i > 0) {
+                unsigned prev_hi = m_ranges[i - 1].second;
+                // Non-adjacent and sorted: prev_hi + 1 < lo, with care
+                // around prev_hi == UINT_MAX which we never expect because
+                // hi <= m_max_char.
+                if (prev_hi + 1 >= lo) return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool range_predicate::contains(unsigned c) const {
+        // Binary search on first element of pairs.
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = m_ranges.size();
+        while (lo < hi) {
+            unsigned mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
+            auto [a, b] = m_ranges[mid];
+            if (c < a) hi = mid;
+            else if (c > b) lo = mid + 1;
+            else return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t range_predicate::cardinality() const {
+        uint64_t n = 0;
+        for (auto [lo, hi] : m_ranges)
+            n += static_cast<uint64_t>(hi) - static_cast<uint64_t>(lo) + 1u;
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Equality, ordering, hashing
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    bool range_predicate::equals(range_predicate const& o) const {
+        if (m_max_char != o.m_max_char) return false;
+        if (m_ranges.size() != o.m_ranges.size()) return false;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_ranges.size(); ++i)
+            if (m_ranges[i] != o.m_ranges[i]) return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool range_predicate::operator<(range_predicate const& o) const {
+        if (m_max_char != o.m_max_char)
+            return m_max_char < o.m_max_char;
+        unsigned n = std::min(m_ranges.size(), o.m_ranges.size());
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            auto a = m_ranges[i];
+            auto b = o.m_ranges[i];
+            if (a.first  != b.first)  return a.first  < b.first;
+            if (a.second != b.second) return a.second < b.second;
+        }
+        return m_ranges.size() < o.m_ranges.size();
+    }
+
+    unsigned range_predicate::hash() const {
+        // FNV-1a 32-bit over (max_char, then each (lo, hi)).
+        uint32_t h = 2166136261u;
+        auto step = [&](uint32_t x) {
+            h ^= x;
+            h *= 16777619u;
+        };
+        step(m_max_char);
+        for (auto [lo, hi] : m_ranges) {
+            step(lo);
+            step(hi);
+        }
+        return h;
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Boolean operations
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    namespace {
+        // Append (lo, hi) to result, merging with the previous range if
+        // adjacent or overlapping. Maintains canonical form.
+        inline void append_merged(svector<std::pair<unsigned, unsigned>>& result,
+                                  unsigned lo, unsigned hi) {
+            SASSERT(lo <= hi);
+            if (!result.empty() && result.back().second + 1 >= lo) {
+                if (result.back().second < hi)
+                    result.back().second = hi;
+            } else {
+                result.push_back({lo, hi});
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::operator|(range_predicate const& o) const {
+        SASSERT(m_max_char == o.m_max_char);
+        range_predicate r(m_max_char);
+        unsigned i = 0, j = 0;
+        const unsigned n = m_ranges.size();
+        const unsigned m = o.m_ranges.size();
+        while (i < n && j < m) {
+            auto a = m_ranges[i];
+            auto b = o.m_ranges[j];
+            if (a.first <= b.first) {
+                append_merged(r.m_ranges, a.first, a.second);
+                ++i;
+            } else {
+                append_merged(r.m_ranges, b.first, b.second);
+                ++j;
+            }
+        }
+        while (i < n) {
+            auto a = m_ranges[i++];
+            append_merged(r.m_ranges, a.first, a.second);
+        }
+        while (j < m) {
+            auto b = o.m_ranges[j++];
+            append_merged(r.m_ranges, b.first, b.second);
+        }
+        SASSERT(r.well_formed());
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::operator&(range_predicate const& o) const {
+        SASSERT(m_max_char == o.m_max_char);
+        range_predicate r(m_max_char);
+        unsigned i = 0, j = 0;
+        const unsigned n = m_ranges.size();
+        const unsigned m = o.m_ranges.size();
+        while (i < n && j < m) {
+            auto [a_lo, a_hi] = m_ranges[i];
+            auto [b_lo, b_hi] = o.m_ranges[j];
+            unsigned lo = std::max(a_lo, b_lo);
+            unsigned hi = std::min(a_hi, b_hi);
+            if (lo <= hi)
+                r.m_ranges.push_back({lo, hi});
+            // Advance the range that ends first.
+            if (a_hi < b_hi) ++i;
+            else if (b_hi < a_hi) ++j;
+            else { ++i; ++j; }
+        }
+        SASSERT(r.well_formed());
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::operator~() const {
+        range_predicate r(m_max_char);
+        unsigned cursor = 0;
+        for (auto [lo, hi] : m_ranges) {
+            if (cursor < lo)
+                r.m_ranges.push_back({cursor, lo - 1});
+            // Step past hi without overflow: hi <= m_max_char and we
+            // only step when more characters remain.
+            if (hi >= m_max_char) {
+                cursor = m_max_char + 1; // sentinel: no more characters
+                break;
+            }
+            cursor = hi + 1;
+        }
+        if (cursor <= m_max_char)
+            r.m_ranges.push_back({cursor, m_max_char});
+        SASSERT(r.well_formed());
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::operator-(range_predicate const& o) const {
+        SASSERT(m_max_char == o.m_max_char);
+        // A - B by linear sweep: for each range of A, subtract overlapping
+        // ranges of B. Both inputs are sorted so we advance j monotonically.
+        range_predicate r(m_max_char);
+        unsigned j = 0;
+        const unsigned m = o.m_ranges.size();
+        for (auto [a_lo, a_hi] : m_ranges) {
+            unsigned cursor = a_lo;
+            while (j < m && o.m_ranges[j].second < cursor)
+                ++j;
+            unsigned k = j;
+            while (k < m && o.m_ranges[k].first <= a_hi) {
+                auto [b_lo, b_hi] = o.m_ranges[k];
+                if (cursor < b_lo)
+                    r.m_ranges.push_back({cursor, std::min(a_hi, b_lo - 1)});
+                if (b_hi >= a_hi) {
+                    cursor = a_hi + 1;
+                    break;
+                }
+                cursor = b_hi + 1;
+                ++k;
+            }
+            if (cursor <= a_hi)
+                r.m_ranges.push_back({cursor, a_hi});
+        }
+        SASSERT(r.well_formed());
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    range_predicate range_predicate::operator^(range_predicate const& o) const {
+        SASSERT(m_max_char == o.m_max_char);
+        // (A | B) - (A & B), but implemented directly with one linear sweep
+        // over the union of breakpoints.
+        return (*this | o) - (*this & o);
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Display
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    std::ostream& range_predicate::display(std::ostream& out) const {
+        if (m_ranges.empty()) {
+            return out << "[]";
+        }
+        out << "[";
+        bool first = true;
+        for (auto [lo, hi] : m_ranges) {
+            if (!first) out << ",";
+            first = false;
+            if (lo == hi)
+                out << lo;
+            else
+                out << lo << "-" << hi;
+        }
+        return out << "]";
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fbf4938f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_range_predicate.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Specialized range-algebra over an unsigned character domain [0, max_char].
+
+    A range_predicate represents a subset of the character domain as a
+    sorted sequence of non-overlapping, non-adjacent, non-empty ranges:
+
+        [(lo_0, hi_0), (lo_1, hi_1), ...] with hi_i + 1 < lo_{i+1}.
+
+    The representation is canonical, so two range_predicates over the same
+    domain are extensionally equivalent iff their internal vectors are
+    elementwise equal.
+
+    All Boolean operations (union, intersection, complement, difference)
+    are linear in the total number of ranges and produce the canonical
+    representation.
+
+    Intended use:
+      * path conditions for symbolic derivative computation,
+      * OneStep predicates capturing length-1 acceptance,
+      * smart-constructor side conditions for regex rewrites such as
+        R & psi  -->  toregex(OneStep(R) & psi).
+
+    The type is a pure value: no ast_manager allocation occurs in its
+    construction or its Boolean operations. Conversion to and from
+    expr* is the responsibility of a separate translator (see callers
+    in seq_derive / seq_rewriter).
+
+Authors:
+
+    Margus Veanes (veanes) 2026
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "util/vector.h"
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace seq {
+
+    class range_predicate {
+        using range_t  = std::pair<unsigned, unsigned>;
+        using ranges_t = svector<range_t>;
+
+        // Sorted by first; ranges are disjoint and non-adjacent;
+        // every range satisfies lo <= hi <= m_max_char.
+        ranges_t m_ranges;
+        unsigned m_max_char { 0 };
+
+        // Invariant check used in debug builds.
+        bool well_formed() const;
+
+    public:
+        range_predicate() = default;
+        explicit range_predicate(unsigned max_char) : m_max_char(max_char) {}
+
+        // ---------------- Factory functions ----------------
+
+        static range_predicate empty(unsigned max_char);
+        static range_predicate top(unsigned max_char);
+        static range_predicate singleton(unsigned c, unsigned max_char);
+        static range_predicate range(unsigned lo, unsigned hi, unsigned max_char);
+
+        // ---------------- Observers ----------------
+
+        unsigned max_char()        const { return m_max_char; }
+        unsigned num_ranges()      const { return m_ranges.size(); }
+        range_t  operator[](unsigned i) const { return m_ranges[i]; }
+        ranges_t const& ranges()   const { return m_ranges; }
+
+        bool is_empty() const { return m_ranges.empty(); }
+        bool is_top()   const {
+            return m_ranges.size() == 1
+                && m_ranges[0].first == 0
+                && m_ranges[0].second == m_max_char;
+        }
+        bool is_singleton(unsigned& c) const {
+            if (m_ranges.size() != 1) return false;
+            if (m_ranges[0].first != m_ranges[0].second) return false;
+            c = m_ranges[0].first;
+            return true;
+        }
+        bool contains(unsigned c) const;
+
+        // Number of characters in the predicate (well-defined for any domain).
+        uint64_t cardinality() const;
+
+        // ---------------- Equality, ordering, hashing ----------------
+
+        bool equals(range_predicate const& o) const;
+        bool operator==(range_predicate const& o) const { return equals(o); }
+        bool operator!=(range_predicate const& o) const { return !equals(o); }
+
+        // Total order: lexicographic on the canonical range sequence,
+        // with shorter sequences ordered before longer prefixes.
+        // Predicates over different domains compare by max_char first.
+        bool operator<(range_predicate const& o) const;
+        bool less_than(range_predicate const& o) const { return *this < o; }
+
+        unsigned hash() const;
+
+        // ---------------- Boolean operations ----------------
+
+        range_predicate operator|(range_predicate const& o) const;   // union
+        range_predicate operator&(range_predicate const& o) const;   // intersection
+        range_predicate operator-(range_predicate const& o) const;   // difference
+        range_predicate operator^(range_predicate const& o) const;   // symmetric diff
+        range_predicate operator~() const;                            // complement
+
+        // ---------------- Display ----------------
+
+        std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const;
+    };
+
+    inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, range_predicate const& p) {
+        return p.display(out);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68b2907a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_regex_bisim.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    See seq_regex_bisim.h.
+
+Author:
+
+    Margus Veanes   (veanes)
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner)
+    
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/ast_util.h"
+#include "ast/for_each_expr.h"
+
+namespace seq {
+
+    regex_bisim::regex_bisim(seq_rewriter& rw):
+        m(rw.m()),
+        m_rw(rw),
+        m_util(rw.u()),
+        m_pinned(m),
+        m_worklist(m) {
+    }
+
+    void regex_bisim::reset() {
+        m_uf.reset();
+        m_node_of.reset();
+        m_pinned.reset();
+        m_worklist.reset();
+        m_steps = 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+       Map an expression to a union-find node, allocating a fresh node on
+       first encounter.
+    */
+    unsigned regex_bisim::node_of(expr* r) {
+        unsigned id = 0;
+        if (m_node_of.find(r, id))
+            return id;
+        id = m_uf.mk_var();
+        m_node_of.insert(r, id);
+        m_pinned.push_back(r);
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /*
+       Compute a definite nullability answer for r.
+       If the seq_rewriter is unable to produce a literal true/false (for
+       example because r contains an uninterpreted symbol), return l_undef.
+    */
+    lbool regex_bisim::nullability(expr* r) {
+        expr_ref n = m_rw.is_nullable(r);
+        if (m.is_true(n))
+            return l_true;
+        if (m.is_false(n))
+            return l_false;
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+
+    /*
+       Test whether a regex expression is a kind that the bisimulation
+       procedure can reason about. We require it to be a syntactic ground
+       term (no free variables) and that its info reports min_length info
+       (which implies that it parses cleanly as a regex constructor).
+    */
+    bool regex_bisim::is_supported(expr* r) {
+        if (!m_util.is_re(r))
+            return false;
+        if (!m_util.re.get_info(r).is_known())
+            return false;
+        // Reject regexes mentioning free variables; the symbolic
+        // derivative engine introduces (:var 0) only after we call it
+        // ourselves, so any pre-existing variable would be a free var.
+        return is_ground(r);
+    }
+
+    /*
+       Fast inequivalence check based on the get_info().classical flag.
+
+       Invariant: if r is well-formed and get_info(r).classical is true,
+       then L(r) is non-empty. The flag is set for regexes built only
+       from str.to_re, re.all, union, concat, star, plus, opt, loop;
+       it excludes complement, intersection, diff, xor, and the empty
+       regex.
+
+       A bare regex leaf l (i.e. not a XOR pair) represents the implicit
+       pair (empty XOR l). If l is classical, L(l) is non-empty so the
+       pair is non-empty: the original two regexes have a distinguishing
+       prefix and are inequivalent.
+
+       For an XOR leaf xor(a, b): if both a and b are classical and have
+       different min_length, then the shortest word of one is not in the
+       other, so the pair is non-empty and we can short-circuit. (The
+       case a == b syntactically is already handled by mk_re_xor0.)
+
+       Returns true if the leaf proves inequivalence; false if no
+       conclusion can be drawn.
+    */
+    bool regex_bisim::classical_distinguishing(expr* l) {
+        expr* a = nullptr, * b = nullptr;
+        if (m_util.re.is_xor(l, a, b)) {
+            auto ia = m_util.re.get_info(a);
+            auto ib = m_util.re.get_info(b);
+            if (ia.is_known() && ib.is_known() &&
+                ia.classical && ib.classical &&
+                ia.min_length != ib.min_length)
+                return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (m_util.re.is_empty(l))
+            return false;
+        auto info = m_util.re.get_info(l);
+        return info.is_known() && info.classical;
+    }
+
+    /*
+       Merge the two sides of the XOR pair, returning true if a fresh
+       merge happened (i.e. the pair must still be processed) and false
+       if the two sides were already in the same union-find class.
+
+       For non-XOR leaves we treat the leaf l as the pair (empty XOR l).
+    */
+    bool regex_bisim::merge_leaf(expr* leaf) {
+        expr* a = nullptr, * b = nullptr;
+        if (!m_util.re.is_xor(leaf, a, b)) {
+            a = m_util.re.mk_empty(leaf->get_sort());
+            b = leaf;
+            m_pinned.push_back(a);
+        }
+        unsigned ia = node_of(a);
+        unsigned ib = node_of(b);
+        if (m_uf.find(ia) == m_uf.find(ib))
+            return false;
+        m_uf.merge(ia, ib);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*
+       Decide equivalence by bisimulation on D(p XOR q).
+    */
+    lbool regex_bisim::are_equivalent(expr* p, expr* q) {
+        return are_equivalent_core(p, q);
+    }
+
+    lbool regex_bisim::are_equivalent_core(expr* p, expr* q) {
+        if (!is_supported(p) || !is_supported(q))
+            return l_undef;
+        if (p == q)
+            return l_true;
+
+        reset();
+
+        // Build the initial pair r0 = p XOR q applying the structural
+        // XOR rewrites (r XOR r = empty, AC normalisation, etc.).
+        expr_ref r0 = m_rw.mk_re_xor_simplified(p, q);
+
+        // If r0 simplified to empty, the two regexes are equivalent.
+        if (m_util.re.is_empty(r0))
+            return l_true;
+
+        lbool n0 = nullability(r0);
+        if (n0 == l_true)
+            return l_false; // distinguishing empty word
+        if (n0 == l_undef)
+            return l_undef;
+
+        // Classical-leaf shortcut applied to r0 (covers the case where
+        // mk_re_xor_simplified collapsed p XOR q to a bare classical
+        // residual, e.g. when one side reduced to empty).
+        if (classical_distinguishing(r0))
+            return l_false;
+
+        if (!merge_leaf(r0))
+            return l_true; // already merged: trivially equivalent
+        m_worklist.push_back(r0);
+
+        while (!m_worklist.empty()) {
+            if (++m_steps > m_step_bound)
+                return l_undef;
+
+            expr_ref r(m_worklist.back(), m);
+            m_worklist.pop_back();
+
+            // Compute the symbolic derivative wrt the canonical variable
+            // (:var 0) and enumerate its reachable leaves in fully
+            // ITE-hoisted normal form. Every if-then-else over the input
+            // character — even one that would otherwise be buried under a
+            // concat or union — is hoisted to the top and infeasible
+            // minterms are pruned, so each leaf is a ground regex free of
+            // (:var 0) whose nullability is always decidable. Unions are
+            // kept intact as single leaves (a union leaf denotes a single
+            // bisimulation state, never a split into separate states).
+            expr_ref_pair_vector cofs(m);
+            m_rw.brz_derivative_cofactors(r, cofs);
+            expr_ref_vector leaves(m);
+            for (auto const& p : cofs)
+                leaves.push_back(p.second);
+
+            // First pass: check for any nullable leaf (definitive
+            // distinguishing empty-continuation word) or any classically
+            // non-empty leaf (definitive distinguishing non-empty prefix).
+            for (expr* l : leaves) {
+                lbool nl = nullability(l);
+                if (nl == l_true)
+                    return l_false;
+                if (nl == l_undef)
+                    return l_undef;
+                if (classical_distinguishing(l))
+                    return l_false;
+            }
+
+            // Second pass: merge each leaf into the union-find; new
+            // merges go onto the worklist.
+            for (expr* l : leaves) {
+                if (merge_leaf(l)) {
+                    m_pinned.push_back(l);
+                    m_worklist.push_back(l);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return l_true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ec5c30a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_regex_bisim.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Union-find based bisimulation algorithm for symbolic regular expression
+    equivalence, based on the construction described in:
+
+      "Symbolic Extended Regular Expression Equivalence"
+      Ian, Kathi, Margus
+      
+
+    The algorithm decides equivalence of two regexes p, q by performing
+    a bisimulation search on the symbolic derivative of p XOR q. A
+    union-find structure tracks pairs of regex states that should be
+    bisimilar, and the worklist is initialised with the singleton
+    {p XOR q}.
+
+    The algorithm returns:
+        l_true   p and q are equivalent (bisimilar)
+        l_false  p and q are inequivalent (a distinguishing prefix exists)
+        l_undef  the algorithm could not decide within the configured bound
+                 or encountered a non-ground regex it cannot reason about
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner)
+    Margus Veanes   (veanes)
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "util/lbool.h"
+#include "util/obj_hashtable.h"
+#include "util/union_find.h"
+
+class seq_rewriter;
+
+namespace seq {
+
+    /*
+       Union-find based bisimulation algorithm for deciding equivalence
+       of two ground (closed) regular expressions in ERE.
+
+       Usage:
+
+           seq::regex_bisim bisim(rewriter);
+           lbool r = bisim.are_equivalent(p, q);
+           if (r == l_true)  // p ≡ q
+           if (r == l_false) // p ≢ q
+           if (r == l_undef) // cannot decide
+
+       The implementation only attempts the equivalence check on ground
+       regexes (no free variables) that use the standard symbolic regex
+       constructors. For non-ground or unsupported inputs the procedure
+       conservatively returns l_undef.
+    */
+    class regex_bisim {
+    private:
+        ast_manager&             m;
+        seq_rewriter&            m_rw;
+        seq_util                 m_util;
+        basic_union_find         m_uf;
+        obj_map<expr, unsigned>  m_node_of;
+        expr_ref_vector          m_pinned;
+        expr_ref_vector          m_worklist;
+        unsigned                 m_step_bound { 50000 };
+        unsigned                 m_steps      { 0 };
+
+        unsigned node_of(expr* r);
+        bool merge_leaf(expr* xor_pair);
+        lbool nullability(expr* r);
+        bool is_supported(expr* r);
+        // Returns true if the leaf l proves that the original pair is
+        // inequivalent and the bisim can short-circuit to l_false.
+        // Uses the get_info().classical invariant: a classical regex
+        // has non-empty language, so a bare classical leaf (implicitly
+        // empty XOR r) is a distinguishing prefix. Similarly an XOR of
+        // two classical regexes with different min_length is
+        // distinguishing.
+        bool classical_distinguishing(expr* l);
+        void reset();
+
+        lbool are_equivalent_core(expr* p, expr* q);
+
+    public:
+        regex_bisim(seq_rewriter& rw);
+
+        void set_step_bound(unsigned n) { m_step_bound = n; }
+
+        lbool are_equivalent(expr* p, expr* q);
+    };
+
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.cpp
index 86bb297e92..79c542f06b 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ Authors:
 
 #include "util/uint_set.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.h"
 #include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
@@ -239,12 +241,6 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_app_core(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr * con
             st = mk_re_concat(args[0], args[1], result); 
         }
         break;
-    case _OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION:
-        SASSERT(num_args == 2);
-        // Rewrite antimirov union to real union
-        result = re().mk_union(args[0], args[1]);
-        st = BR_REWRITE1;
-        break;
     case OP_RE_UNION:
         if (num_args == 1) {
             result = args[0]; 
@@ -267,6 +263,14 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_app_core(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr * con
             st = BR_DONE;
         }          
         break;
+    case OP_RE_XOR:
+        if (num_args == 2)
+            st = mk_re_xor(args[0], args[1], result);
+        else if (num_args == 1) {
+            result = args[0];
+            st = BR_DONE;
+        }
+        break;
     case OP_RE_INTERSECT:
         if (num_args == 1) {
             result = args[0];
@@ -490,6 +494,7 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_seq_concat(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
     expr* c, *d;
     bool isc1 = str().is_string(a, s1) && m_coalesce_chars;
     bool isc2 = str().is_string(b, s2) && m_coalesce_chars;
+
     if (isc1 && isc2) {
         result = str().mk_string(s1 + s2);
         return BR_DONE;
@@ -1846,6 +1851,127 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_seq_replace_all(expr* a, expr* b, expr* c, expr_ref&
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
 
+
+/**
+ * replace_char("ab", "a", b") = empty
+ * replace_char("bc", "a", b") = {"a", "b"}"c"
+ * replace_char(R u R', "a", "b") = replace_char(R, "a", "b") u replace_char(R', "a", "b")
+ * replace_char(R n R', "a", "b") = replace_char(R, "a", "b") n replace_char(R', "a", "b")
+ * replace_char(R*, "a", "b") = replace_char(R, "a", "b")*
+ * replace_char(R R', "a", "b") = replace_char(R, "a", "b") replace_char(R', "a", "b")
+ */
+expr_ref seq_rewriter::re_replace_char(expr *r, unsigned a_ch, unsigned b_ch, expr *a_str, expr *b_str) {
+    expr *r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr, *s = nullptr;
+    zstring str_val;
+    sort *seq_sort = nullptr;
+
+    if (re().is_to_re(r, s) && str().is_string(s, str_val)) {
+        seq_sort = s->get_sort();
+        expr_ref_vector parts(m());
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < str_val.length(); ++i) {
+            if (str_val[i] == a_ch) {
+                // replace_all never outputs a_ch, so this position is impossible
+                return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(re().mk_re(seq_sort)), m());
+            }
+            else if (str_val[i] == b_ch) {
+                // b in output came from either a or b in x
+                auto a_re = re().mk_to_re(a_str);
+                auto b_re = re().mk_to_re(b_str);
+                parts.push_back(re().mk_union(a_re, b_re));
+            }
+            else {
+                zstring ch(str_val[i]);
+                parts.push_back(re().mk_to_re(str().mk_string(ch)));
+            }
+        }
+        if (parts.empty())
+            return expr_ref(re().mk_epsilon(seq_sort), m());
+        expr_ref result(parts.back(), m());
+        for (int i = parts.size() - 1; i-- > 0;)
+            result = re().mk_concat(parts.get(i), result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (re().is_range(r, r1, r2)) {
+        zstring lo_s, hi_s;
+        if (str().is_string(r1, lo_s) && str().is_string(r2, hi_s) && lo_s.length() == 1 && hi_s.length() == 1) {
+            unsigned lo = lo_s[0], hi = hi_s[0];
+            // Build the transformed range:
+            // - Remove a_ch from the range (impossible in output)
+            // - Replace b_ch with union(a_str, b_str)
+            expr_ref_vector parts(m());
+            // Characters in [lo, hi] excluding a_ch and b_ch
+            if (lo <= hi) {
+                // Sub-ranges excluding a_ch and b_ch
+                unsigned prev = lo;
+                for (unsigned ch = lo; ch <= hi; ++ch) {
+                    if (ch == a_ch || ch == b_ch) {
+                        if (prev < ch) {
+                            zstring prev_z(prev), pred_z(ch - 1);
+                            parts.push_back(re().mk_range(str().mk_string(prev_z), str().mk_string(pred_z)));
+                        }
+                        if (ch == b_ch) {
+                            parts.push_back(re().mk_union(re().mk_to_re(a_str), re().mk_to_re(b_str)));
+                        }
+                        // a_ch is simply excluded (not added)
+                        prev = ch + 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (prev <= hi) {
+                    zstring prev_z(prev), hi_z(hi);
+                    parts.push_back(re().mk_range(str().mk_string(prev_z), str().mk_string(hi_z)));
+                }
+            }
+            if (parts.empty()) {
+                sort *re_sort = r->get_sort();
+                return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(re_sort), m());
+            }
+            expr_ref result(parts[0].get(), m());
+            for (unsigned i = 1; i < parts.size(); ++i)
+                result = re().mk_union(result, parts[i].get());
+            return result;
+        }
+        return expr_ref(r, m());
+    }
+
+    if (re().is_union(r, r1, r2)) {
+        return expr_ref(
+            re().mk_union(re_replace_char(r1, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str), re_replace_char(r2, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str)),
+            m());
+    }
+    if (re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2)) {
+        return expr_ref(
+            re().mk_inter(re_replace_char(r1, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str), re_replace_char(r2, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str)),
+            m());
+    }
+    if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2)) {
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_concat(re_replace_char(r1, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str),
+                                       re_replace_char(r2, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str)),
+                        m());
+    }
+    if (re().is_star(r, r1)) {
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_star(re_replace_char(r1, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str)), m());
+    }
+    if (re().is_plus(r, r1)) {
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_plus(re_replace_char(r1, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str)), m());
+    }
+    if (re().is_opt(r, r1)) {
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_opt(re_replace_char(r1, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str)), m());
+    }
+    unsigned lo, hi;
+    if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi)) {
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_loop(re_replace_char(r1, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str), lo, hi), m());
+    }
+    if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo)) {
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_loop(re_replace_char(r1, a_ch, b_ch, a_str, b_str), lo), m());
+    }
+    if (re().is_complement(r)) {
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+    // For anything else (full_seq, empty, epsilon, of_pred, etc.), return unchanged
+    return expr_ref(r, m());
+}
+
 /**
    rewrites for map(f, s):
 
@@ -2596,7 +2722,7 @@ expr_ref seq_rewriter::is_nullable(expr* r) {
                                << mk_pp(r, m()) << std::endl;);
     expr_ref result(m_op_cache.find(_OP_RE_IS_NULLABLE, r, nullptr, nullptr), m());
     if (!result) {
-        result = is_nullable_rec(r);
+        result = m_derive.nullable(r);
         m_op_cache.insert(_OP_RE_IS_NULLABLE, r, nullptr, nullptr, result);        
     }
     STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "is_nullable result: "
@@ -2604,100 +2730,6 @@ expr_ref seq_rewriter::is_nullable(expr* r) {
     return result;
 }
 
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::is_nullable_rec(expr* r) {
-    SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r) || m_util.is_seq(r));
-    expr* r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr, *cond = nullptr;
-    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
-    unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
-    zstring s1;
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2) ||
-        re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2)) { 
-        m_br.mk_and(is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_union(r, r1, r2) || re().is_antimirov_union(r, r1, r2)) {
-        m_br.mk_or(is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_diff(r, r1, r2)) {
-        m_br.mk_not(is_nullable(r2), result);
-        m_br.mk_and(result, is_nullable(r1), result);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_star(r) || 
-        re().is_opt(r) ||
-        re().is_full_seq(r) ||
-        re().is_epsilon(r) ||
-        (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo) && lo == 0) || 
-        (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi) && lo == 0)) {
-        result = m().mk_true();
-    }
-    else if (re().is_full_char(r) ||
-        re().is_empty(r) ||
-        re().is_of_pred(r) ||
-        re().is_range(r)) {
-        result = m().mk_false();
-    }
-    else if (re().is_plus(r, r1) ||
-        (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo) && lo > 0) ||
-        (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi) && lo > 0) ||
-        (re().is_reverse(r, r1))) {
-        result = is_nullable(r1);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_complement(r, r1)) {
-        m_br.mk_not(is_nullable(r1), result);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_to_re(r, r1)) {        
-        result = is_nullable(r1);
-    }
-    else if (m().is_ite(r, cond, r1, r2)) {
-        m_br.mk_ite(cond, is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
-    }
-    else if (m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort)) {
-        result = is_nullable_symbolic_regex(r, seq_sort);
-    }
-    else if (str().is_concat(r, r1, r2)) {
-        m_br.mk_and(is_nullable(r1), is_nullable(r2), result);
-    }
-    else if (str().is_empty(r)) {
-        result = m().mk_true();
-    }
-    else if (str().is_unit(r)) {
-        result = m().mk_false();
-    }
-    else if (str().is_string(r, s1)) {
-        result = m().mk_bool_val(s1.length() == 0);
-    }
-    else {
-        SASSERT(m_util.is_seq(r));
-        result = m().mk_eq(str().mk_empty(r->get_sort()), r);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::is_nullable_symbolic_regex(expr* r, sort* seq_sort) {
-    SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r));
-    expr* elem = nullptr, *r1 = r, * r2 = nullptr, * s = nullptr;
-    expr_ref elems(str().mk_empty(seq_sort), m());
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    while (re().is_derivative(r1, elem, r2)) {
-        if (str().is_empty(elems))
-            elems = str().mk_unit(elem);
-        else
-            elems = str().mk_concat(str().mk_unit(elem), elems);
-        r1 = r2;
-    }
-    if (re().is_to_re(r1, s)) {
-        // r is nullable  
-        // iff after taking the derivatives the remaining sequence is empty 
-        // iff the inner sequence equals to the sequence of derivative elements in reverse
-        result = m().mk_eq(elems, s);
-        return result;
-    }
-    // the default case when either r is not a derivative
-    // or when the nested derivatives are not applied to a sequence
-    result = re().mk_in_re(str().mk_empty(seq_sort), r);
-    return result;
-}
-
 /*
     Push reverse inwards (whenever possible).
 */
@@ -2742,6 +2774,12 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_reverse(expr* r, expr_ref& result) {
         result = re().mk_diff(a, b);
         return BR_REWRITE2;
     }
+    else if (re().is_xor(r, r1, r2)) {
+        auto a = re().mk_reverse(r1);
+        auto b = re().mk_reverse(r2);
+        result = re().mk_xor(a, b);
+        return BR_REWRITE2;
+    }
     else if (m().is_ite(r, p, r1, r2)) {
         result = m().mk_ite(p, re().mk_reverse(r1), re().mk_reverse(r2));
         return BR_REWRITE2;
@@ -2794,10 +2832,6 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_reverse(expr* r, expr_ref& result) {
     }
 }
 
-/***************************************************
- *****          Begin Derivative Code          *****
- ***************************************************/
-
 /*
     Symbolic derivative: seq -> regex -> regex
     seq should be single char
@@ -2821,459 +2855,37 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_derivative(expr* ele, expr* r, expr_ref& result) {
     return BR_DONE;
 }
 
-/*
-    Note: Derivative Normal Form
-
-    When computing derivatives recursively, we preserve the following
-    BDD normal form:
-
-    - At the top level, the derivative is a union of antimirov derivatives
-      (Conceptually each element of the union is a different derivative).
-      We currently express this derivative using an internal op code:
-          _OP_RE_antimirov_UNION
-    - An antimirov derivative is a nested if-then-else term.
-      if-then-elses are pushed outwards and sorted by condition ID
-      (cond->get_id()), from largest on the outside to smallest on the
-      inside. Duplicate nested conditions are eliminated.
-    - The leaves of the if-then-else BDD can have unions themselves,
-      but these are interpreted as Regex union, not as separate antimirov
-      derivatives.
-
-    To debug the normal form, call Z3 with -dbg:seq_regex:
-    this calls check_deriv_normal_form (below) periodically.
-
-    The main logic is in mk_der_op_rec for combining normal forms
-    (some also in mk_der_compl_rec).
-*/
-
-#ifdef Z3DEBUG
-/*
-    Debugging to check the derivative normal form that we assume
-    (see definition above).
-
-    This may fail on unusual/unexpected REs, such as those containing
-    regex variables, but this is by design as this is only checked
-    during debugging, and we have not considered how normal form
-    should apply in such cases.
-*/
-bool seq_rewriter::check_deriv_normal_form(expr* r, int level) {
-    if (level == 3) { // top level
-        STRACE(seq_verbose, tout
-            << "Checking derivative normal form invariant...";);
-    }
-    expr *r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr, *p = nullptr, *s = nullptr;
-    unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
-    STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << " (level " << level << ")";);
-    int new_level = 0;
-    if (re().is_antimirov_union(r)) {
-        SASSERT(level >= 2);
-        new_level = 2;
-    }
-    else if (m().is_ite(r)) {
-        SASSERT(level >= 1);
-        new_level = 1;
-    }
-
-    SASSERT(!re().is_diff(r));
-    SASSERT(!re().is_opt(r));
-    SASSERT(!re().is_plus(r));
-
-    if (re().is_antimirov_union(r, r1, r2) ||
-        re().is_concat(r, r1, r2) ||
-        re().is_union(r, r1, r2) ||
-        re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2) ||
-        m().is_ite(r, p, r1, r2)) {
-        check_deriv_normal_form(r1, new_level);
-        check_deriv_normal_form(r2, new_level);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_star(r, r1) ||
-             re().is_complement(r, r1) ||
-             re().is_loop(r, r1, lo) ||
-             re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi)) {
-        check_deriv_normal_form(r1, new_level);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_reverse(r, r1)) {
-        SASSERT(re().is_to_re(r1));
-    }
-    else if (re().is_full_seq(r) ||
-             re().is_empty(r) ||
-             re().is_range(r) ||
-             re().is_full_char(r) ||
-             re().is_of_pred(r) ||
-             re().is_to_re(r, s)) {
-        // OK
-    }
-    else {
-        SASSERT(false);
-    }
-    if (level == 3) {
-        STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << " passed!" << std::endl;);
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-#endif
 
 expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_derivative(expr* r) {
-    sort* seq_sort = nullptr, * ele_sort = nullptr;
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort));
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
-    expr_ref v(m().mk_var(0, ele_sort), m());
-    return mk_antimirov_deriv(v, r, m().mk_true());
+    auto result = m_derive(seq::derivative_kind::antimirov_t, r);
+    TRACE(seq, tout << "Derivative of " << mk_pp(r, m()) << "\nis\n" << result << std::endl;);
+    return result;
 }
 
 expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_derivative(expr* ele, expr* r) {
-    return mk_antimirov_deriv(ele, r, m().mk_true());
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_antimirov_deriv(expr* e, expr* r, expr* path) {
-    // Ensure references are owned
-    expr_ref _e(e, m()), _path(path, m()), _r(r, m());
-    expr_ref result(m_op_cache.find(OP_RE_DERIVATIVE, e, r, path), m());
-    if (!result) {
-        mk_antimirov_deriv_rec(e, r, path, result);
-        m_op_cache.insert(OP_RE_DERIVATIVE, e, r, path, result);
-        STRACE(seq_regex, tout << "D(" << mk_pp(e, m()) << "," << mk_pp(r, m()) << "," << mk_pp(path, m()) << ")" << std::endl;);
-        STRACE(seq_regex, tout << "= " << mk_pp(result, m()) << std::endl;);
-    }
+    auto result = m_derive(seq::derivative_kind::antimirov_t, ele, r);
+    TRACE(seq,
+          tout << "Derivative of " << mk_pp(r, m()) << " w.r.t. " << mk_pp(ele, m()) << "\nis\n" << result << std::endl;);
     return result;
 }
 
-void seq_rewriter::mk_antimirov_deriv_rec(expr* e, expr* r, expr* path, expr_ref& result) {
-    sort* seq_sort = nullptr, * ele_sort = nullptr;
-    expr_ref _r(r, m()), _path(path, m());
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort));
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
-    SASSERT(ele_sort == e->get_sort());
-    expr* r1 = nullptr, * r2 = nullptr, * c = nullptr;
-    expr_ref c1(m());
-    expr_ref c2(m());
-    auto nothing = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(r->get_sort()), m()); };
-    auto epsilon = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_epsilon(seq_sort), m()); };
-    auto dotstar = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_full_seq(r->get_sort()), m()); };
-    unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
-    if (re().is_empty(r) || re().is_epsilon(r))
-        // D(e,[]) = D(e,()) = []
-        result = nothing();
-    else if (re().is_full_seq(r) || re().is_dot_plus(r))
-        // D(e,.*) = D(e,.+) = .*
-        result = dotstar();
-    else if (re().is_full_char(r))
-        // D(e,.) = ()
-        result = epsilon();
-    else if (re().is_to_re(r, r1)) {
-        expr_ref h(m());
-        expr_ref t(m());
-        // here r1 is a sequence
-        if (get_head_tail(r1, h, t)) {
-            if (eq_char(e, h))
-                result = re().mk_to_re(t);
-            else if (neq_char(e, h))
-                result = nothing();
-            else
-                result = re().mk_ite_simplify(m().mk_eq(e, h), re().mk_to_re(t), nothing());
-        }
-        else {
-            // observe that the precondition |r1|>0 is is implied by c1 for use of mk_seq_first
-            {
-                auto is_non_empty = m().mk_not(m().mk_eq(r1, str().mk_empty(seq_sort)));
-                auto eq_first = m().mk_eq(mk_seq_first(r1), e);
-                m_br.mk_and(is_non_empty, eq_first, c1);
-            }
-            m_br.mk_and(path, c1, c2);
-            if (m().is_false(c2))
-                result = nothing();
-            else
-                // observe that the precondition |r1|>0 is implied by c1 for use of mk_seq_rest
-                result = m().mk_ite(c1, re().mk_to_re(mk_seq_rest(r1)), nothing());
-        }
-    }
-    else if (re().is_reverse(r, r2))
-        if (re().is_to_re(r2, r1)) {
-            // here r1 is a sequence
-            // observe that the precondition |r1|>0 of mk_seq_last is implied by c1
-            {
-                auto is_non_empty = m().mk_not(m().mk_eq(r1, str().mk_empty(seq_sort)));
-                auto eq_last = m().mk_eq(mk_seq_last(r1), e);
-                m_br.mk_and(is_non_empty, eq_last, c1);
-            }
-            m_br.mk_and(path, c1, c2);
-            if (m().is_false(c2))
-                result = nothing();
-            else
-                // observe that the precondition |r1|>0 of mk_seq_rest is implied by c1
-                result = re().mk_ite_simplify(c1, re().mk_reverse(re().mk_to_re(mk_seq_butlast(r1))), nothing());
-        }
-        else {
-            result = mk_regex_reverse(r2);
-            if (result.get() == r)
-                //r2 is an uninterpreted regex that is stuck
-                //for example if r = (re.reverse R) where R is a regex variable then
-                //here result.get() == r
-                result = re().mk_derivative(e, result);
-            else
-                result = mk_antimirov_deriv(e, result, path);
-        }
-    else if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2)) {
-        expr_ref r1nullable(is_nullable(r1), m());
-        c1 = mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path), r2);
-        expr_ref r1nullable_and_path(m());
-        m_br.mk_and(r1nullable, path, r1nullable_and_path);
-        if (m().is_false(r1nullable_and_path))
-            // D(e,r1)r2
-            result = c1;
-        else
-            // D(e,r1)r2|(ite (r1nullable) (D(e,r2)) [])
-            // observe that (mk_ite_simplify(true, D(e,r2), []) = D(e,r2)
-            result = mk_antimirov_deriv_union(c1, re().mk_ite_simplify(r1nullable, mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r2, path), nothing()));
-    }
-    else if (m().is_ite(r, c, r1, r2)) {
-        {
-            auto cp = m().mk_and(c, path);
-            c1 = simplify_path(e, cp);
-        }
-        {
-            auto notc = m().mk_not(c);
-            auto np = m().mk_and(notc, path);
-            c2 = simplify_path(e, np);
-        }
-        if (m().is_false(c1))
-            result = mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r2, c2);
-        else if (m().is_false(c2))
-            result = mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, c1);
-        else
-            result = re().mk_ite_simplify(c, mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, c1), mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r2, c2));
-    }
-    else if (re().is_range(r, r1, r2)) {
-        expr_ref range(m());
-        expr_ref psi(m().mk_false(), m());
-        if (str().is_unit_string(r1, c1) && str().is_unit_string(r2, c2)) {
-            // SASSERT(u().is_char(c1));
-            // SASSERT(u().is_char(c2));
-            // case: c1 <= e <= c2
-            // deterministic evaluation for range bounds
-            auto a_le = u().mk_le(c1, e);
-            auto b_le = u().mk_le(e, c2);
-            auto rng_cond = m().mk_and(a_le, b_le);
-            range = simplify_path(e, rng_cond);
-            psi = simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(path, range));
-        }
-        else if (!str().is_string(r1) && str().is_unit_string(r2, c2)) {
-            SASSERT(u().is_char(c2));
-            // r1 nonground: |r1|=1 & r1[0] <= e <= c2
-            expr_ref one(m_autil.mk_int(1), m());
-            expr_ref zero(m_autil.mk_int(0), m());
-            expr_ref r1_length_eq_one(m().mk_eq(str().mk_length(r1), one), m());
-            expr_ref r1_0(str().mk_nth_i(r1, zero), m());
-            range = simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(r1_length_eq_one, m().mk_and(u().mk_le(r1_0, e), u().mk_le(e, c2))));
-            psi = simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(path, range));
-        }
-        else if (!str().is_string(r2) && str().is_unit_string(r1, c1)) {
-            SASSERT(u().is_char(c1));
-            // r2 nonground: |r2|=1 & c1 <= e <= r2_0
-            expr_ref one(m_autil.mk_int(1), m());
-            expr_ref zero(m_autil.mk_int(0), m());
-            expr_ref r2_length_eq_one(m().mk_eq(str().mk_length(r2), one), m());
-            expr_ref r2_0(str().mk_nth_i(r2, zero), m());
-            range = simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(r2_length_eq_one, m().mk_and(u().mk_le(c1, e), u().mk_le(e, r2_0))));
-            psi = simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(path, range));
-        }
-        else if (!str().is_string(r1) && !str().is_string(r2)) {
-            // both r1 and r2 nonground: |r1|=1 & |r2|=1 & r1[0] <= e <= r2[0]
-            expr_ref one(m_autil.mk_int(1), m());
-            expr_ref zero(m_autil.mk_int(0), m());
-            expr_ref r1_length_eq_one(m().mk_eq(str().mk_length(r1), one), m());
-            expr_ref r1_0(str().mk_nth_i(r1, zero), m());
-            expr_ref r2_length_eq_one(m().mk_eq(str().mk_length(r2), one), m());
-            expr_ref r2_0(str().mk_nth_i(r2, zero), m());
-            range = simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(r1_length_eq_one, m().mk_and(r2_length_eq_one, m().mk_and(u().mk_le(r1_0, e), u().mk_le(e, r2_0)))));
-            psi = simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(path, range));
-        }
-        if (m().is_false(psi))
-            result = nothing();
-        else
-            result = re().mk_ite_simplify(range, epsilon(), nothing());
-    }
-    else if (re().is_union(r, r1, r2))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_union(mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path), mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r2, path));
-    else if (re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, 
-            mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path),
-            mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r2, path), m().mk_true());
-    else if (re().is_star(r, r1) || re().is_plus(r, r1) || (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo) && 0 <= lo && lo <= 1))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path), re().mk_star(r1));
-    else if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path), re().mk_loop(r1, lo - 1));
-    else if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi)) {
-        if ((lo == 0 && hi == 0) || hi < lo)
-            result = nothing();
-        else {
-            expr_ref t(re().mk_loop_proper(r1, (lo == 0 ? 0 : lo - 1), hi - 1), m());
-            result = mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path), t);
-        }
-    }
-    else if (re().is_opt(r, r1))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path);
-    else if (re().is_complement(r, r1))
-        // D(e,~r1) = ~D(e,r1)
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(e, mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path));
-    else if (re().is_diff(r, r1, r2))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, 
-            mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r1, path),
-            mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(e, mk_antimirov_deriv(e, r2, path)), m().mk_true());
-    else if (re().is_of_pred(r, r1)) {
-        array_util array(m());
-        expr* args[2] = { r1, e };
-        result = array.mk_select(2, args);
-        // Use mk_der_cond to normalize
-        result = mk_der_cond(result, e, seq_sort);
-    }
-    else
-        // stuck cases
-        result = re().mk_derivative(e, r);
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(expr* e, expr* d1, expr* d2, expr* path) {
-    sort* seq_sort = nullptr, * ele_sort = nullptr;
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_re(d1, seq_sort));
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    expr* c, * a, * b;
-    if (re().is_empty(d1))
-        result = d1;
-    else if (re().is_empty(d2))
-        result = d2;
-    else if (m().is_ite(d1, c, a, b)) {
-        expr_ref path_and_c(simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(path, c)), m());
-        expr_ref path_and_notc(simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(path, m().mk_not(c))), m());
-        if (m().is_false(path_and_c))
-            result = mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, b, d2, path);
-        else if (m().is_false(path_and_notc))
-            result = mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, a, d2, path);
-        else
-            result = m().mk_ite(c, mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, a, d2, path_and_c),
-                mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, b, d2, path_and_notc));
-    }
-    else if (m().is_ite(d2))
-        // swap d1 and d2
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, d2, d1, path);
-    else if (d1 == d2 || re().is_full_seq(d2))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_restrict(e, d1, path);
-    else if (re().is_full_seq(d1))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_restrict(e, d2, path);
-    else if (re().is_union(d1, a, b))
-        // distribute intersection over the union in d1
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_union(mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, a, d2, path),
-            mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, b, d2, path));
-    else if (re().is_union(d2, a, b))
-        // distribute intersection over the union in d2
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_union(mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, d1, a, path),
-            mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(e, d1, b, path));
-    else
-        result = mk_regex_inter_normalize(d1, d2);
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(expr* d, expr* r) {
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    expr_ref _r(r, m()), _d(d, m());
-    expr* c, * t, * e;
-    if (m().is_ite(d, c, t, e)) {
-        auto r2 = mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(e, r);
-        auto r1 = mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(t, r);
-        result = m().mk_ite(c, r1, r2);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_union(d, t, e))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_union(mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(t, r), mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(e, r));
-    else
-        result = mk_re_append(d, r);
-    SASSERT(result.get());
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(expr* elem, expr* d) {
-    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_re(d, seq_sort));
-    auto nothing = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(d->get_sort()), m()); };
-    auto epsilon = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_epsilon(seq_sort), m()); };
-    auto dotstar = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_full_seq(d->get_sort()), m()); };
-    auto dotplus = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(d->get_sort())), m()); };
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    expr* c, * t, * e;
-    if (re().is_empty(d))
-        result = dotstar();
-    else if (re().is_epsilon(d))
-        result = dotplus();
-    else if (re().is_full_seq(d))
-        result = nothing();
-    else if (re().is_dot_plus(d))
-        result = epsilon();
-    else if (m().is_ite(d, c, t, e))
-        result = m().mk_ite(c, mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(elem, t), mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(elem, e));
-    else if (re().is_union(d, t, e))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(elem, mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(elem, t), mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(elem, e), m().mk_true());
-    else if (re().is_intersection(d, t, e))
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_union(mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(elem, t), mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(elem, e));
-    else if (re().is_complement(d, t))
-        result = t;
-    else
-        result = re().mk_complement(d);
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_antimirov_deriv_union(expr* d1, expr* d2) {
-    sort* seq_sort = nullptr, * ele_sort = nullptr;
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_re(d1, seq_sort));
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    expr* c1, * t1, * e1, * c2, * t2, * e2;
-    if (m().is_ite(d1, c1, t1, e1) && m().is_ite(d2, c2, t2, e2)  && c1 == c2)
-        // eliminate duplicate branching on exactly the same condition
-        result = m().mk_ite(c1, mk_antimirov_deriv_union(t1, t2), mk_antimirov_deriv_union(e1, e2));
-    else
-        result = mk_regex_union_normalize(d1, d2);
-    return result;
-}
-
-// restrict the guards of all conditionals id d and simplify the resulting derivative
-// restrict(if(c, a, b), cond) = if(c, restrict(a, cond & c), restrict(b, cond & ~c))
-// restrict(a U b, cond) = restrict(a, cond) U restrict(b, cond)
-//     where {} U X = X, X U X = X
-// restrict(R, cond) = R 
-// 
-// restrict(d, false) = []
-// 
-// it is already assumed that the restriction takes place within a branch
-// so the condition is not added explicitly but propagated down in order to eliminate 
-// infeasible cases
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_antimirov_deriv_restrict(expr* e, expr* d, expr* cond) {
-    expr_ref result(d, m());
-    expr_ref _cond(cond, m());
-    expr* c, * a, * b;
-    if (m().is_false(cond))
-        result = re().mk_empty(d->get_sort());
-    else if (re().is_empty(d) || m().is_true(cond))
-        result = d;
-    else if (m().is_ite(d, c, a, b)) {
-        expr_ref path_and_c(simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(cond, c)), m());
-        expr_ref path_and_notc(simplify_path(e, m().mk_and(cond, m().mk_not(c))), m());
-        result = re().mk_ite_simplify(c, mk_antimirov_deriv_restrict(e, a, path_and_c),
-            mk_antimirov_deriv_restrict(e, b, path_and_notc));
-    }
-    else if (re().is_union(d, a, b)) {
-        expr_ref a1(mk_antimirov_deriv_restrict(e, a, cond), m());
-        expr_ref b1(mk_antimirov_deriv_restrict(e, b, cond), m());
-        result = mk_antimirov_deriv_union(a1, b1);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
 
 expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_regex_union_normalize(expr* r1, expr* r2) {
     expr_ref _r1(r1, m()), _r2(r2, m());
+    expr *a1, *b1, *a2, *b2;
     SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r1));
     SASSERT(m_util.is_re(r2));
     expr_ref result(m());
     std::function<bool(expr*, expr*&, expr*&)> test = [&](expr* t, expr*& a, expr*& b) { return re().is_union(t, a, b); };
     std::function<expr* (expr*, expr*)> compose = [&](expr* r1, expr* r2) { return (is_subset(r1, r2) ? r2 : (is_subset(r2, r1) ? r1 : re().mk_union(r1, r2))); };
+    std::function<bool(expr *, expr *)> is_complement = [&](expr *a, expr *b) {
+        expr *s;
+        if (re().is_complement(a, s) && s == b)
+            return true;
+        if (re().is_complement(b, s) && s == a)
+            return true;
+        return false;
+    };    
     if (r1 == r2 || re().is_empty(r2) || re().is_full_seq(r1))
         result = r1;
     else if (re().is_empty(r1) || re().is_full_seq(r2))
@@ -3282,8 +2894,28 @@ expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_regex_union_normalize(expr* r1, expr* r2) {
         result = r1;
     else if (re().is_dot_plus(r2) && re().get_info(r1).min_length > 0)
         result = r2;
-    else
-        result = merge_regex_sets(r1, r2, re().mk_full_seq(r1->get_sort()), test, compose);
+    // (R1 \ R2) U (R2 \ R1) = R1 xor R2
+    else if (false && re().is_intersection(r1, a1, a2) && re().is_intersection(r2, b1, b2) && 
+        is_complement(a1, b2) && is_complement(a2, b1)) {
+        result = re().mk_xor(a1, re().mk_complement(a2));
+    }   
+    else if (false && re().is_intersection(r1, a1, a2) && re().is_intersection(r2, b1, b2) && 
+        is_complement(a1, b1) && is_complement(a2, b2)) {
+        result = re().mk_xor(a1, re().mk_complement(a2));
+    }         
+    else {
+        // Range ∪ Range: [a,b] ∪ [c,d] = [min(a,c), max(b,d)] when overlapping or adjacent
+        unsigned lo1_v = 0, hi1_v = 0, lo2_v = 0, hi2_v = 0;
+        if (re().is_range(r1, lo1_v, hi1_v) && re().is_range(r2, lo2_v, hi2_v) &&
+            lo2_v <= hi1_v + 1 && lo1_v <= hi2_v + 1) {
+            unsigned new_lo = std::min(lo1_v, lo2_v);
+            unsigned new_hi = std::max(hi1_v, hi2_v);
+            result = re().mk_range(r1->get_sort(), new_lo, new_hi);
+        }
+        else
+            result = merge_regex_sets(r1, r2, re().mk_full_seq(r1->get_sort()), test, compose);
+    }
+
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -3312,8 +2944,17 @@ expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_regex_inter_normalize(expr* r1, expr* r2) {
         result = r2;
     else if (re().is_dot_plus(r2) && re().get_info(r1).min_length > 0)
         result = r1;
-    else 
-        result = merge_regex_sets(r1, r2, re().mk_empty(r1->get_sort()), test, compose);    
+    else {
+        // Range ∩ Range: [a,b] ∩ [c,d] = [max(a,c), min(b,d)] or empty
+        unsigned lo1_v = 0, hi1_v = 0, lo2_v = 0, hi2_v = 0;
+        if (re().is_range(r1, lo1_v, hi1_v) && re().is_range(r2, lo2_v, hi2_v)) {
+            unsigned new_lo = std::max(lo1_v, lo2_v);
+            unsigned new_hi = std::min(hi1_v, hi2_v);
+            result = re().mk_range(r1->get_sort(), new_lo, new_hi);
+        }
+        else
+            result = merge_regex_sets(r1, r2, re().mk_empty(r1->get_sort()), test, compose);
+    }
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -3420,147 +3061,6 @@ expr_ref seq_rewriter::merge_regex_sets(expr* r1, expr* r2, expr* unit,
     }
 }
 
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_regex_reverse(expr* r) {
-    expr* r1 = nullptr, * r2 = nullptr, * c = nullptr;
-    unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    if (re().is_empty(r) || re().is_range(r) || re().is_epsilon(r) || re().is_full_seq(r) ||
-        re().is_full_char(r) || re().is_dot_plus(r) || re().is_of_pred(r))
-        result = r;
-    else if (re().is_to_re(r))
-        result = re().mk_reverse(r);
-    else if (re().is_reverse(r, r1))
-        result = r1;
-    else if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2))
-        result = mk_regex_concat(mk_regex_reverse(r2), mk_regex_reverse(r1));
-    else if (m().is_ite(r, c, r1, r2))
-        result = m().mk_ite(c, mk_regex_reverse(r1), mk_regex_reverse(r2));
-    else if (re().is_union(r, r1, r2)) {
-        // enforce deterministic evaluation order
-        auto a1 = mk_regex_reverse(r1);
-        auto b1 = mk_regex_reverse(r2);
-        result = re().mk_union(a1, b1);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2)) {
-        auto a1 = mk_regex_reverse(r1);
-        auto b1 = mk_regex_reverse(r2);
-        result = re().mk_inter(a1, b1);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_diff(r, r1, r2)) {
-        auto a1 = mk_regex_reverse(r1);
-        auto b1 = mk_regex_reverse(r2);
-        result = re().mk_diff(a1, b1);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_star(r, r1))
-        result = re().mk_star(mk_regex_reverse(r1));
-    else if (re().is_plus(r, r1))
-        result = re().mk_plus(mk_regex_reverse(r1));
-    else if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo))
-        result = re().mk_loop(mk_regex_reverse(r1), lo);
-    else if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi))
-        result = re().mk_loop_proper(mk_regex_reverse(r1), lo, hi);
-    else if (re().is_opt(r, r1))
-        result = re().mk_opt(mk_regex_reverse(r1));
-    else if (re().is_complement(r, r1))
-        result = re().mk_complement(mk_regex_reverse(r1));
-    else
-        //stuck cases: such as r being a regex variable
-        //observe that re().mk_reverse(to_re(s)) is not a stuck case
-        result = re().mk_reverse(r);
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_regex_concat(expr* r, expr* s) {
-    sort* seq_sort = nullptr, * ele_sort = nullptr;
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort));
-    VERIFY(u().is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
-    SASSERT(r->get_sort() == s->get_sort());
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    expr* r1, * r2;
-    if (re().is_epsilon(r) || re().is_empty(s))
-        result = s;
-    else if (re().is_epsilon(s) || re().is_empty(r))
-        result = r;
-    else if (re().is_full_seq(r) && re().is_full_seq(s))
-        result = r;
-    else if (re().is_full_char(r) && re().is_full_seq(s))
-        // ..* = .+
-        result = re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(ele_sort));
-    else if (re().is_full_seq(r) && re().is_full_char(s))
-        // .*. = .+
-        result = re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(ele_sort));
-    else if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2))
-        // create the resulting concatenation in right-associative form except for the following case
-        // TODO: maintain the following invariant for A ++ B{m,n} + C
-        //       concat(concat(A, B{m,n}), C) (if A != () and C != ()) 
-        //       concat(B{m,n}, C) (if A == () and C != ()) 
-        // where A, B, C are regexes
-        // Using & below for Intersection and | for Union
-        // In other words, do not make A ++ B{m,n} into right-assoc form, but keep B{m,n} at the top 
-        // This will help to identify this situation in the merge routine:
-        //               concat(concat(A, B{0,m}), C) | concat(concat(A, B{0,n}), C)
-        // simplifies to
-        //               concat(concat(A, B{0,max(m,n)}), C)
-        // analogously:
-        //               concat(concat(A, B{0,m}), C) & concat(concat(A, B{0,n}), C)
-        // simplifies to
-        //               concat(concat(A, B{0,min(m,n)}), C)
-        result = mk_regex_concat(r1, mk_regex_concat(r2, s));
-    else {
-        result = re().mk_concat(r, s);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_in_antimirov(expr* s, expr* d){
-    expr_ref result(mk_in_antimirov_rec(s, d), m());
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_in_antimirov_rec(expr* s, expr* d) {
-    expr* c, * d1, * d2;
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    if (re().is_full_seq(d) || (str().min_length(s) > 0 && re().is_dot_plus(d)))
-        // s in .* <==> true, also: s in .+ <==> true when |s|>0
-        result = m().mk_true();
-    else if (re().is_empty(d) || (str().min_length(s) > 0 && re().is_epsilon(d)))
-        // s in [] <==> false, also: s in () <==> false when |s|>0
-        result = m().mk_false();
-    else if (m().is_ite(d, c, d1, d2))
-        result = re().mk_ite_simplify(c, mk_in_antimirov_rec(s, d1), mk_in_antimirov_rec(s, d2));
-    else if (re().is_union(d, d1, d2))
-        m_br.mk_or(mk_in_antimirov_rec(s, d1), mk_in_antimirov_rec(s, d2), result);
-    else
-        result = re().mk_in_re(s, d);
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
-* calls elim_condition
-*/
-expr_ref  seq_rewriter::simplify_path(expr* elem, expr* path) {
-    expr_ref result(path, m());
-    elim_condition(elem, result);
-    return result;
-}
-
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_der_antimirov_union(expr* r1, expr* r2) {
-    verbose_stream() << "union " << r1->get_id() << " " << r2->get_id() << "\n";
-    return mk_der_op(_OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION, r1, r2);
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_der_union(expr* r1, expr* r2) {
-    return mk_der_op(OP_RE_UNION, r1, r2);
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_der_inter(expr* r1, expr* r2) {
-    return mk_der_op(OP_RE_INTERSECT, r1, r2);
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_der_concat(expr* r1, expr* r2) {
-    return mk_der_op(OP_RE_CONCAT, r1, r2);
-}
 
 /*
     Utility functions to decide char <, ==, !=, and <=.
@@ -3583,553 +3083,6 @@ bool seq_rewriter::le_char(expr* ch1, expr* ch2) {
     return eq_char(ch1, ch2) || lt_char(ch1, ch2);
 }
 
-/*
-    Utility function to decide if a simple predicate (ones that appear
-    as the conditions in if-then-else expressions in derivatives)
-    implies another.
-
-    Return true if we deduce that a implies b, false if unknown.
-
-    Current cases handled:
-    - a and b are char <= constraints, or negations of char <= constraints
-*/
-bool seq_rewriter::pred_implies(expr* a, expr* b) {
-    STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "pred_implies: "
-                               << "," << mk_pp(a, m())
-                               << "," << mk_pp(b, m()) << std::endl;);
-    expr *cha1 = nullptr, *cha2 = nullptr, *nota = nullptr,
-         *chb1 = nullptr, *chb2 = nullptr, *notb = nullptr;
-    if (m().is_not(a, nota) &&
-        m().is_not(b, notb)) {
-        return pred_implies(notb, nota);
-    }
-    else if (u().is_char_le(a, cha1, cha2) &&
-             u().is_char_le(b, chb1, chb2)) {
-        return le_char(chb1, cha1) && le_char(cha2, chb2);
-    }
-    else if (u().is_char_le(a, cha1, cha2) &&
-             m().is_not(b, notb) &&
-             u().is_char_le(notb, chb1, chb2)) {
-        return (le_char(chb2, cha1) && lt_char(cha2, chb1)) ||
-               (lt_char(chb2, cha1) && le_char(cha2, chb1));
-    }
-    else if (u().is_char_le(b, chb1, chb2) &&
-             m().is_not(a, nota) &&
-             u().is_char_le(nota, cha1, cha2)) {
-        return le_char(chb1, cha2) && le_char(cha1, chb2);
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-/*
-    Utility function to decide if two BDDs (nested if-then-else terms)
-    have exactly the same structure and conditions.
-*/
-bool seq_rewriter::ite_bdds_compatible(expr* a, expr* b) {
-    expr* ca = nullptr, *a1 = nullptr, *a2 = nullptr;
-    expr* cb = nullptr, *b1 = nullptr, *b2 = nullptr;
-    if (m().is_ite(a, ca, a1, a2) && m().is_ite(b, cb, b1, b2)) {
-        return (ca == cb) && ite_bdds_compatible(a1, b1)
-                          && ite_bdds_compatible(a2, b2);
-    }
-    else if (m().is_ite(a) || m().is_ite(b)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    else {
-        return true;
-    }
-}
-
-/*
-    Apply a binary operation, preserving normal form on derivative expressions.
-
-    Preconditions:
-        - k is one of the following binary op codes on REs:
-            OP_RE_INTERSECT
-            OP_RE_UNION
-            OP_RE_CONCAT
-            _OP_RE_antimirov_UNION
-        - a and b are in normal form (check_deriv_normal_form)
-
-    Postcondition:
-        - result is in normal form (check_deriv_normal_form)
-*/
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_der_op_rec(decl_kind k, expr* a, expr* b) {
-    STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "mk_der_op_rec: " << k
-                               << "," << mk_pp(a, m())
-                               << "," << mk_pp(b, m()) << std::endl;);
-    expr* ca = nullptr, *a1 = nullptr, *a2 = nullptr;
-    expr* cb = nullptr, *b1 = nullptr, *b2 = nullptr;
-    expr_ref result(m());
-
-    // Simplify if-then-elses whenever possible
-    auto mk_ite = [&](expr* c, expr* a, expr* b) {
-        return (a == b) ? a : m().mk_ite(c, a, b);
-    };
-    // Use character code to order conditions
-    auto get_id = [&](expr* e) {
-        expr *ch1 = nullptr, *ch2 = nullptr;
-        unsigned ch;
-        if (u().is_char_le(e, ch1, ch2) && u().is_const_char(ch2, ch))
-            return ch;
-        // Fallback: use expression ID (but use same ID for negation)
-        m().is_not(e, e);
-        return e->get_id();
-    };
-
-    // Choose when to lift a union to the top level, by converting
-    // it to an antimirov union
-    // This implements a restricted form of antimirov derivatives
-    if (k == OP_RE_UNION) {
-        if (re().is_antimirov_union(a) || re().is_antimirov_union(b)) {
-            k = _OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION;
-        }
-        #if 0
-        // Disabled: eager antimirov lifting unless BDDs are compatible
-        // Note: the check for BDD compatibility could be made more
-        // sophisticated: in an antimirov union of n terms, we really
-        // want to check if any pair of them is compatible.
-        else if (m().is_ite(a) && m().is_ite(b) &&
-                 !ite_bdds_compatible(a, b)) {
-            k = _OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION;
-        }
-        #endif
-    }
-    if (k == _OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION) {
-        result = re().mk_antimirov_union(a, b);
-        return result;
-    }
-    if (re().is_antimirov_union(a, a1, a2)) {
-        expr_ref r1(m()), r2(m());
-        r1 = mk_der_op(k, a1, b);
-        r2 = mk_der_op(k, a2, b);
-        result = re().mk_antimirov_union(r1, r2);
-        return result;
-    }
-    if (re().is_antimirov_union(b, b1, b2)) {
-        expr_ref r1(m()), r2(m());
-        r1 = mk_der_op(k, a, b1);
-        r2 = mk_der_op(k, a, b2);
-        result = re().mk_antimirov_union(r1, r2);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    // Remaining non-union case: combine two if-then-else BDDs
-    // (underneath top-level antimirov unions)
-    if (m().is_ite(a, ca, a1, a2)) {
-        expr_ref r1(m()), r2(m());
-        expr_ref notca(m().mk_not(ca), m());
-        if (m().is_ite(b, cb, b1, b2)) {
-            // --- Core logic for combining two BDDs
-            expr_ref notcb(m().mk_not(cb), m());
-            if (ca == cb) {
-                r1 = mk_der_op(k, a1, b1);
-                r2 = mk_der_op(k, a2, b2);
-                result = mk_ite(ca, r1, r2);
-                return result;
-            }
-            // Order with higher IDs on the outside
-            bool is_symmetric = k == OP_RE_UNION || k == OP_RE_INTERSECT;
-            if (is_symmetric && get_id(ca) < get_id(cb)) {
-                std::swap(a, b);
-                std::swap(ca, cb);
-                std::swap(notca, notcb);
-                std::swap(a1, b1);
-                std::swap(a2, b2);
-            }
-            // Simplify if there is a relationship between ca and cb
-            if (pred_implies(ca, cb)) {
-                r1 = mk_der_op(k, a1, b1);
-            }
-            else if (pred_implies(ca, notcb)) {
-                r1 = mk_der_op(k, a1, b2);
-            }
-            if (pred_implies(notca, cb)) {
-                r2 = mk_der_op(k, a2, b1);
-            }
-            else if (pred_implies(notca, notcb)) {
-                r2 = mk_der_op(k, a2, b2);
-            }
-            // --- End core logic
-        }
-        if (!r1) r1 = mk_der_op(k, a1, b);
-        if (!r2) r2 = mk_der_op(k, a2, b);
-        result = mk_ite(ca, r1, r2);
-        return result;
-    }
-    if (m().is_ite(b, cb, b1, b2)) {
-        expr_ref r1 = mk_der_op(k, a, b1);
-        expr_ref r2 = mk_der_op(k, a, b2);
-        result = mk_ite(cb, r1, r2);
-        return result;
-    }
-    switch (k) {
-    case OP_RE_INTERSECT:
-        if (BR_FAILED == mk_re_inter(a, b, result))
-            result = re().mk_inter(a, b);
-        break;
-    case OP_RE_UNION:
-        if (BR_FAILED == mk_re_union(a, b, result))
-            result = re().mk_union(a, b);
-        break;
-    case OP_RE_CONCAT:
-        if (BR_FAILED == mk_re_concat(a, b, result))
-            result = re().mk_concat(a, b);
-        break;
-    default:
-        UNREACHABLE();
-        break;
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_der_op(decl_kind k, expr* a, expr* b) {
-    expr_ref _a(a, m()), _b(b, m());
-    expr_ref result(m());
-
-    // Pre-simplification assumes that none of the
-    // transformations hide ite sub-terms, 
-    // Rewriting that changes associativity of
-    // operators may hide ite sub-terms.
-
-    switch (k) {
-    case OP_RE_INTERSECT:
-        if (BR_FAILED != mk_re_inter0(a, b, result))
-            return result;
-        break;
-    case OP_RE_UNION:
-        if (BR_FAILED != mk_re_union0(a, b, result))
-            return result;
-        break;
-    case OP_RE_CONCAT:
-        if (BR_FAILED != mk_re_concat(a, b, result))
-            return result;
-        break;
-    default:
-        break;
-    }
-    result = m_op_cache.find(k, a, b, nullptr);
-    if (!result) {
-        result = mk_der_op_rec(k, a, b);
-        m_op_cache.insert(k, a, b, nullptr, result);
-    }
-    CASSERT("seq_regex", check_deriv_normal_form(result));
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_der_compl(expr* r) {
-    STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "mk_der_compl: " << mk_pp(r, m())
-                               << std::endl;);
-    expr_ref result(m_op_cache.find(OP_RE_COMPLEMENT, r, nullptr, nullptr), m());
-    if (!result) {
-        expr* c = nullptr, * r1 = nullptr, * r2 = nullptr;
-        if (re().is_antimirov_union(r, r1, r2)) {
-            // Convert union to intersection
-            // Result: antimirov union at top level is lost, pushed inside ITEs
-            expr_ref res1(m()), res2(m());
-            res1 = mk_der_compl(r1);
-            res2 = mk_der_compl(r2);
-            result = mk_der_inter(res1, res2);
-        }
-        else if (m().is_ite(r, c, r1, r2)) {
-            result = m().mk_ite(c, mk_der_compl(r1), mk_der_compl(r2));
-        }
-        else if (BR_FAILED == mk_re_complement(r, result))
-            result = re().mk_complement(r);        
-        m_op_cache.insert(OP_RE_COMPLEMENT, r, nullptr, nullptr, result);
-    }
-    CASSERT("seq_regex", check_deriv_normal_form(result));
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
-    Make an re_predicate with an arbitrary condition cond, enforcing
-    derivative normal form on how conditions are written.
-
-    Tries to rewrite everything to (ele <= x) constraints:
-    (ele = a) => ite(ele <= a-1, none, ite(ele <= a, epsilon, none))
-    (a = ele) => "
-    (a <= ele) => ite(ele <= a-1, none, epsilon)
-    (not p)   => mk_der_compl(...)
-    (p and q) => mk_der_inter(...)
-    (p or q)  => mk_der_union(...)
-
-    Postcondition: result is in BDD form
-*/
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_der_cond(expr* cond, expr* ele, sort* seq_sort) {
-    STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "mk_der_cond: "
-           <<  mk_pp(cond, m()) << ", " << mk_pp(ele, m()) << std::endl;);
-    sort *ele_sort = nullptr;
-    VERIFY(u().is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
-    SASSERT(ele_sort == ele->get_sort());
-    expr *c1 = nullptr, *c2 = nullptr, *ch1 = nullptr, *ch2 = nullptr;
-    unsigned ch = 0;
-    expr_ref result(m()), r1(m()), r2(m());
-    if (m().is_eq(cond, ch1, ch2) && u().is_char(ch1)) {
-        r1 = u().mk_le(ch1, ch2);
-        r1 = mk_der_cond(r1, ele, seq_sort);
-        r2 = u().mk_le(ch2, ch1);
-        r2 = mk_der_cond(r2, ele, seq_sort);
-        result = mk_der_inter(r1, r2);
-    }
-    else if (u().is_char_le(cond, ch1, ch2) &&
-             u().is_const_char(ch1, ch) && (ch2 == ele)) {
-        if (ch > 0) {
-            result = u().mk_char(ch - 1);
-            result = u().mk_le(ele, result);
-            result = re_predicate(result, seq_sort);
-            result = mk_der_compl(result);
-        }
-        else {
-            result = m().mk_true();
-            result = re_predicate(result, seq_sort);
-        }
-    }
-    else if (m().is_not(cond, c1)) {
-        result = mk_der_cond(c1, ele, seq_sort);
-        result = mk_der_compl(result);
-    }
-    else if (m().is_and(cond, c1, c2)) {
-        r1 = mk_der_cond(c1, ele, seq_sort);
-        r2 = mk_der_cond(c2, ele, seq_sort);
-        result = mk_der_inter(r1, r2);
-    }
-    else if (m().is_or(cond, c1, c2)) {
-        r1 = mk_der_cond(c1, ele, seq_sort);
-        r2 = mk_der_cond(c2, ele, seq_sort);
-        result = mk_der_union(r1, r2);
-    }
-    else {
-        result = re_predicate(cond, seq_sort);
-    }
-    STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "mk_der_cond result: "
-        <<  mk_pp(result, m()) << std::endl;);
-    CASSERT("seq_regex", check_deriv_normal_form(result));
-    return result;
-}
-
-expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_derivative_rec(expr* ele, expr* r) {
-    expr_ref result(m());
-    sort* seq_sort = nullptr, *ele_sort = nullptr;
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort));
-    VERIFY(m_util.is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
-    SASSERT(ele_sort == ele->get_sort());
-    expr* r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr, *p = nullptr;
-    auto mk_empty = [&]() { return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(r->get_sort()), m()); };
-    unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
-    if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2)) {
-        expr_ref is_n = is_nullable(r1);
-        expr_ref dr1 = mk_derivative(ele, r1);
-        result = mk_der_concat(dr1, r2);
-        if (m().is_false(is_n)) {
-            return result;
-        }
-        expr_ref dr2 = mk_derivative(ele, r2);
-        is_n = re_predicate(is_n, seq_sort);
-        if (re().is_empty(dr2)) {
-            //do not concatenate [], it is a deade-end 
-            return result;
-        }
-        else {
-            // Instead of mk_der_union here, we use mk_der_antimirov_union to
-            // force the two cases to be considered separately and lifted to
-            // the top level. This avoids blowup in cases where determinization
-            // is expensive.
-            return mk_der_antimirov_union(result, mk_der_concat(is_n, dr2));
-        }
-    }
-    else if (re().is_star(r, r1)) {
-        return mk_der_concat(mk_derivative(ele, r1), r);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_plus(r, r1)) {
-        expr_ref star(re().mk_star(r1), m());
-        return mk_derivative(ele, star);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_union(r, r1, r2)) {
-        return mk_der_union(mk_derivative(ele, r1), mk_derivative(ele, r2));
-    }
-    else if (re().is_intersection(r, r1, r2)) {
-        return mk_der_inter(mk_derivative(ele, r1), mk_derivative(ele, r2));
-    }
-    else if (re().is_diff(r, r1, r2)) {
-        return mk_der_inter(mk_derivative(ele, r1), mk_der_compl(mk_derivative(ele, r2)));
-    }
-    else if (m().is_ite(r, p, r1, r2)) {
-        // there is no BDD normalization here
-        result = m().mk_ite(p, mk_derivative(ele, r1), mk_derivative(ele, r2));
-        return result;
-    }
-    else if (re().is_opt(r, r1)) {
-        return mk_derivative(ele, r1);
-    }
-    else if (re().is_complement(r, r1)) {
-        return mk_der_compl(mk_derivative(ele, r1));
-    }
-    else if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo)) {
-        if (lo > 0) {
-            lo--;
-        }
-        result = mk_derivative(ele, r1);
-        //do not concatenate with [] (emptyset)
-        if (re().is_empty(result)) {
-            return result;
-        }
-        else {
-            //do not create loop r1{0,}, instead create r1*
-            return mk_der_concat(result, (lo == 0 ? re().mk_star(r1) : re().mk_loop(r1, lo)));
-        }
-    }
-    else if (re().is_loop(r, r1, lo, hi)) {
-        if (hi == 0) {
-            return mk_empty();
-        }
-        hi--;
-        if (lo > 0) {
-            lo--;
-        }
-        result = mk_derivative(ele, r1);
-        //do not concatenate with [] (emptyset) or handle the rest of the loop if no more iterations remain
-        if (re().is_empty(result) || hi == 0) {
-            return result;
-        }
-        else {
-            return mk_der_concat(result, re().mk_loop_proper(r1, lo, hi));
-        }
-    }
-    else if (re().is_full_seq(r) ||
-             re().is_empty(r)) {
-        return expr_ref(r, m());
-    }
-    else if (re().is_to_re(r, r1)) {
-        // r1 is a string here (not a regexp)
-        expr_ref hd(m()), tl(m());
-        if (get_head_tail(r1, hd, tl)) {
-            // head must be equal; if so, derivative is tail
-            // Use mk_der_cond to normalize
-            STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "deriv to_re" << std::endl;);
-            result = m().mk_eq(ele, hd);
-            result = mk_der_cond(result, ele, seq_sort);
-            expr_ref r1(re().mk_to_re(tl), m());
-            result = mk_der_concat(result, r1);
-            return result;
-        }
-        else if (str().is_empty(r1)) {
-            //observe: str().is_empty(r1) checks that r = () = epsilon
-            //while mk_empty() = [], because deriv(epsilon) = [] = nothing
-            return mk_empty();
-        }
-        else if (str().is_itos(r1)) {
-            //
-            // here r1 = (str.from_int r2) and r2 is non-ground 
-            // or else the expression would have been simplified earlier
-            // so r1 must be nonempty and must consists of decimal digits 
-            // '0' <= elem <= '9'
-            // if ((isdigit ele) and (ele = (hd r1))) then (to_re (tl r1)) else []
-            //
-            hd = mk_seq_first(r1);
-            // isolate nested conjunction for deterministic evaluation
-            auto a0 = u().mk_le(m_util.mk_char('0'), ele);
-            auto a1 = u().mk_le(ele, m_util.mk_char('9'));
-            auto a2 = m().mk_not(m().mk_eq(r1, str().mk_empty(seq_sort)));
-            auto a3 = m().mk_eq(hd, ele);
-            auto inner = m().mk_and(a2, a3);
-            m_br.mk_and(a0, a1, inner, result);
-            tl = re().mk_to_re(mk_seq_rest(r1));            
-            return re_and(result, tl);
-        }
-        else {
-            // recall: [] denotes the empty language (nothing) regex, () denotes epsilon or empty sequence
-            // construct the term (if (r1 != () and (ele = (first r1)) then (to_re (rest r1)) else []))
-            hd = mk_seq_first(r1);
-            m_br.mk_and(m().mk_not(m().mk_eq(r1, str().mk_empty(seq_sort))), m().mk_eq(hd, ele), result);
-            tl = re().mk_to_re(mk_seq_rest(r1));
-            return re_and(result, tl);
-        }
-    }
-    else if (re().is_reverse(r, r1)) {
-        if (re().is_to_re(r1, r2)) {
-            // First try to extract hd and tl such that r = hd ++ tl and |tl|=1
-            expr_ref hd(m()), tl(m());
-            if (get_head_tail_reversed(r2, hd, tl)) {
-                // Use mk_der_cond to normalize
-                STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "deriv reverse to_re" << std::endl;);
-                result = m().mk_eq(ele, tl);
-                result = mk_der_cond(result, ele, seq_sort);
-                result = mk_der_concat(result, re().mk_reverse(re().mk_to_re(hd)));
-                return result;
-            }
-            else if (str().is_empty(r2)) {
-                return mk_empty();
-            }
-            else {
-                // construct the term (if (r2 != () and (ele = (last r2)) then reverse(to_re (butlast r2)) else []))
-                // hd = first of reverse(r2) i.e. last of r2
-                // tl = rest of reverse(r2) i.e. butlast of r2
-                //hd = str().mk_nth_i(r2, m_autil.mk_sub(str().mk_length(r2), one()));
-                hd = mk_seq_last(r2);
-                // factor nested constructor calls to enforce deterministic argument evaluation order
-                auto a_non_empty = m().mk_not(m().mk_eq(r2, str().mk_empty(seq_sort)));
-                auto a_eq        = m().mk_eq(hd, ele);
-                m_br.mk_and(a_non_empty, a_eq, result);
-                tl = re().mk_to_re(mk_seq_butlast(r2));
-                return re_and(result, re().mk_reverse(tl));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else if (re().is_range(r, r1, r2)) {
-        // r1, r2 are sequences.
-        zstring s1, s2;
-        if (str().is_string(r1, s1) && str().is_string(r2, s2)) {
-            if (s1.length() == 1 && s2.length() == 1) {
-                expr_ref ch1(m_util.mk_char(s1[0]), m());
-                expr_ref ch2(m_util.mk_char(s2[0]), m());
-                // Use mk_der_cond to normalize
-                STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "deriv range zstring" << std::endl;);
-                expr_ref p1(u().mk_le(ch1, ele), m());
-                p1 = mk_der_cond(p1, ele, seq_sort);
-                expr_ref p2(u().mk_le(ele, ch2), m());
-                p2 = mk_der_cond(p2, ele, seq_sort);
-                result = mk_der_inter(p1, p2);
-                return result;
-            }
-            else {
-                return mk_empty();
-            }
-        }
-        expr* e1 = nullptr, * e2 = nullptr;
-        if (str().is_unit(r1, e1) && str().is_unit(r2, e2)) {
-            SASSERT(u().is_char(e1));
-            // Use mk_der_cond to normalize
-            STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "deriv range str" << std::endl;);
-            expr_ref p1(u().mk_le(e1, ele), m());
-            p1 = mk_der_cond(p1, ele, seq_sort);
-            expr_ref p2(u().mk_le(ele, e2), m());
-            p2 = mk_der_cond(p2, ele, seq_sort);
-            result = mk_der_inter(p1, p2);
-            return result;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (re().is_full_char(r)) {
-        return expr_ref(re().mk_to_re(str().mk_empty(seq_sort)), m());
-    }
-    else if (re().is_of_pred(r, p)) {
-        array_util array(m());
-        expr* args[2] = { p, ele };
-        result = array.mk_select(2, args);
-        // Use mk_der_cond to normalize
-        STRACE(seq_verbose, tout << "deriv of_pred" << std::endl;);
-        return mk_der_cond(result, ele, seq_sort);
-    }
-    // stuck cases: re.derivative, re variable,
-    return expr_ref(re().mk_derivative(ele, r), m());
-}
-
-/*************************************************
- *****          End Derivative Code          *****
- *************************************************/
-
-
 /*
  * pattern match against all ++ "abc" ++ all ++ "def" ++ all regexes.
 */
@@ -4310,6 +3263,39 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_str_in_regexp(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
         return BR_DONE;
     }
 
+    // (str.in_re e (re.range lo hi)) where a bound is not a concrete character.
+    // By SMT-LIB semantics (re.range lo hi) is the set of single characters c
+    // with lo <= c <= hi when lo and hi are themselves single characters, and
+    // the empty language otherwise; so membership is equivalent to lo, hi and
+    // e all being single characters with lo <= e <= hi.  The derivative engine
+    // only unfolds ranges whose bounds are concrete characters, so without this
+    // reduction a range with a symbolic bound is left unsolved (and mk_re_range
+    // deliberately keeps such a range symbolic rather than unsoundly collapsing
+    // it to re.empty).  Ranges with two concrete single-character bounds keep
+    // their existing derivative-based handling.
+    {
+        expr* rlo = nullptr, *rhi = nullptr;
+        if (re().is_range(b, rlo, rhi)) {
+            auto concrete_char = [&](expr* e) {
+                zstring s;
+                expr* ch = nullptr;
+                unsigned uc = 0;
+                return (str().is_string(e, s) && s.length() == 1) ||
+                       (str().is_unit(e, ch) && m_util.is_const_char(ch, uc));
+            };
+            if (!concrete_char(rlo) || !concrete_char(rhi)) {
+                expr_ref_vector conj(m());
+                conj.push_back(m().mk_eq(str().mk_length(rlo), one()));
+                conj.push_back(m().mk_eq(str().mk_length(rhi), one()));
+                conj.push_back(m().mk_eq(str().mk_length(a), one()));
+                conj.push_back(str().mk_lex_le(rlo, a));
+                conj.push_back(str().mk_lex_le(a, rhi));
+                result = m().mk_and(conj);
+                return BR_REWRITE_FULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     zstring s;
     if (str().is_string(a, s) && re().is_ground(b)) {
         // Just check membership and replace by true/false
@@ -4336,6 +3322,23 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_str_in_regexp(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
         }
     }
 
+    
+    // replace_all(x, a, b) in R where R is ground, a and b are unit-length strings
+    // ==> x in R[b -> {a, b}, a -> empty]
+    expr *ra_x = nullptr, *ra_a = nullptr, *ra_b = nullptr;
+    zstring sa_val, sb_val;
+    if (str().is_replace_all(a, ra_x, ra_a, ra_b) && ra_a == ra_b) {
+        result = ra_x;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (str().is_replace_all(a, ra_x, ra_a, ra_b) && str().is_string(ra_a, sa_val) && sa_val.length() == 1 &&
+        str().is_string(ra_b, sb_val) && sb_val.length() == 1 && sa_val[0] != sb_val[0] && re().is_ground(b) &&
+        re().get_info(b).classical) {
+        expr_ref new_re = re_replace_char(b, sa_val[0], sb_val[0], ra_a, ra_b);
+        result = re().mk_in_re(ra_x, new_re);
+        return BR_REWRITE_FULL;
+    }
+
     expr_ref b_s(m());
     if (lift_str_from_to_re(b, b_s)) {
        result = m_br.mk_eq_rw(a, b_s);
@@ -4371,6 +3374,8 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_str_in_regexp(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
             return BR_REWRITE_FULL;
     }
 
+#if 0
+    
     expr_ref hd(m()), tl(m());
     if (get_head_tail(a, hd, tl)) {
         //result = re().mk_in_re(tl, re().mk_derivative(hd, b));
@@ -4410,6 +3415,8 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_str_in_regexp(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
         return BR_REWRITE_FULL;
     }
 
+#endif
+
 #if 0
     unsigned len = 0;
     if (has_fixed_length_constraint(b, len)) {
@@ -4487,10 +3494,71 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_str_to_regexp(expr* a, expr_ref& result) {
     r* ++ r -> r ++ r*
 */
 br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_concat(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
+    auto accepts_empty_word = [&](expr* r) {
+        auto info = re().get_info(r);
+        return info.interpreted && info.nullable == l_true && info.min_length == 0;
+    };
+    auto starts_with_full_seq = [&](expr* r) {
+        expr* r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr;
+        return re().is_full_seq(r) || (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2) && re().is_full_seq(r1));
+    };
+    auto ends_with_full_seq = [&](expr* r) {
+        expr* r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr;
+        while (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2))
+            r = r2;
+        return re().is_full_seq(r);
+    };
+    auto all_inter_arms_end_with_full_seq = [&](expr* r) {
+        ptr_buffer<expr> todo;
+        todo.push_back(r);
+        while (!todo.empty()) {
+            expr* r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr;
+            expr* t = todo.back();
+            todo.pop_back();
+            if (re().is_intersection(t, r1, r2)) {
+                todo.push_back(r1);
+                todo.push_back(r2);
+            }
+            else if (!ends_with_full_seq(t)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
     if (re().is_full_seq(a) && re().is_full_seq(b)) {
         result = a;
         return BR_DONE;
     }
+    if (re().is_full_seq(a) && accepts_empty_word(b)) {
+        result = a;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (re().is_full_seq(b) && accepts_empty_word(a)) {
+        result = b;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    // Collapse adjacent full_seq factors regardless of concat grouping:
+    //   (R ++ Σ*) ++ Σ* → R ++ Σ*    (a ends with Σ*, b is Σ*)
+    //   Σ* ++ (Σ* ++ R) → Σ* ++ R    (a is Σ*, b starts with Σ*)
+    if (re().is_full_seq(b) && ends_with_full_seq(a)) {
+        result = a;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (re().is_full_seq(a) && starts_with_full_seq(b)) {
+        result = b;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    expr* u1 = nullptr, *u2 = nullptr;
+    if (re().is_full_seq(a) && re().is_union(b, u1, u2) &&
+        (starts_with_full_seq(u1) || starts_with_full_seq(u2))) {
+        result = mk_regex_union_normalize(mk_regex_concat(a, u1), mk_regex_concat(a, u2));
+        return BR_REWRITE2;
+    }
+    if (re().is_intersection(a, u1, u2) && re().is_full_seq(b) &&
+        all_inter_arms_end_with_full_seq(a)) {
+        result = a;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
     if (re().is_empty(a)) {
         result = a;
         return BR_DONE;
@@ -4521,7 +3589,8 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_concat(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
         result = re().mk_to_re(str().mk_concat(a_str, b_str));
         return BR_REWRITE2;
     }
-    expr* a1 = nullptr, *b1 = nullptr;
+    expr *a1 = nullptr, *a2 = nullptr;
+    expr* b1 = nullptr;
     if (re().is_to_re(a, a1) && re().is_to_re(b, b1)) {
         result = re().mk_to_re(str().mk_concat(a1, b1));
         return BR_DONE;
@@ -4530,12 +3599,18 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_concat(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
         result = a;
         return BR_DONE;
     }
+    expr* b2 = nullptr, *b3 = nullptr;
+    if (re().is_star(a, a1) && re().is_concat(b, b1, b2) && re().is_star(b1, b3) && a1 == b3) {
+        result = b;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
     if (re().is_star(a, a1) && a1 == b) {
         result = re().mk_concat(b, a);
         return BR_DONE;
     }
     unsigned lo1, hi1, lo2, hi2;
 
+
     if (re().is_loop(a, a1, lo1, hi1) && lo1 <= hi1 && re().is_loop(b, b1, lo2, hi2) && lo2 <= hi2 && a1 == b1) {
         result = re().mk_loop_proper(a1, lo1 + lo2, hi1 + hi2);
         return BR_DONE;
@@ -4567,9 +3642,68 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_concat(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
         }
         std::swap(a, b);
     }
+    // Hoist ite out of concat: concat(ite(c, r1, r2), b) → ite(c, concat(r1, b), concat(r2, b))
+    expr* c = nullptr;
+    if (m().is_ite(a, c, a1, b1)) {
+        result = m().mk_ite(c, re().mk_concat(a1, b), re().mk_concat(b1, b));
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
+    }
+    if (m().is_ite(b, c, a1, b1)) {
+        result = m().mk_ite(c, re().mk_concat(a, a1), re().mk_concat(a, b1));
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
+    }
+    if (re().is_concat(a, a1, a2)) {
+        // Maintain right-associative normal form: re().mk_concat is a raw
+        // constructor, so re-simplify the result to recursively reassociate
+        // any concat nested in a2 (and re-apply concat simplifications).
+        result = re().mk_concat(a1, re().mk_concat(a2, b));
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
 
+expr_ref seq_rewriter::mk_regex_concat(expr *r, expr *s) {
+    sort *seq_sort = nullptr, *ele_sort = nullptr;
+    VERIFY(m_util.is_re(r, seq_sort));
+    VERIFY(u().is_seq(seq_sort, ele_sort));
+    SASSERT(r->get_sort() == s->get_sort());
+    expr_ref result(m());
+    expr *r1, *r2;
+    if (re().is_epsilon(r) || re().is_empty(s))
+        result = s;
+    else if (re().is_epsilon(s) || re().is_empty(r))
+        result = r;
+    else if (re().is_full_seq(r) && re().is_full_seq(s))
+        result = r;
+    else if (re().is_full_char(r) && re().is_full_seq(s))
+        // ..* = .+
+        result = re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(r->get_sort()));
+    else if (re().is_full_seq(r) && re().is_full_char(s))
+        // .*. = .+
+        result = re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(r->get_sort()));
+    else if (re().is_concat(r, r1, r2))
+        // create the resulting concatenation in right-associative form except for the following case
+        // TODO: maintain the following invariant for A ++ B{m,n} + C
+        //       concat(concat(A, B{m,n}), C) (if A != () and C != ())
+        //       concat(B{m,n}, C) (if A == () and C != ())
+        // where A, B, C are regexes
+        // Using & below for Intersection and | for Union
+        // In other words, do not make A ++ B{m,n} into right-assoc form, but keep B{m,n} at the top
+        // This will help to identify this situation in the merge routine:
+        //               concat(concat(A, B{0,m}), C) | concat(concat(A, B{0,n}), C)
+        // simplifies to
+        //               concat(concat(A, B{0,max(m,n)}), C)
+        // analogously:
+        //               concat(concat(A, B{0,m}), C) & concat(concat(A, B{0,n}), C)
+        // simplifies to
+        //               concat(concat(A, B{0,min(m,n)}), C)
+        result = mk_regex_concat(r1, mk_regex_concat(r2, s));
+    else {
+        result = re().mk_concat(r, s);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 bool seq_rewriter::are_complements(expr* r1, expr* r2) const {
     expr* r = nullptr;
     if (re().is_complement(r1, r) && r == r2)
@@ -4583,51 +3717,33 @@ bool seq_rewriter::are_complements(expr* r1, expr* r2) const {
  * basic subset checker.
  */
 bool seq_rewriter::is_subset(expr* r1, expr* r2) const {
-    // return false;
-    expr* ra1 = nullptr, *ra2 = nullptr, *ra3 = nullptr;
-    expr* rb1 = nullptr, *rb2 = nullptr, *rb3 = nullptr;
-    unsigned la, ua, lb, ub;
-    if (re().is_complement(r1, ra1) && 
-        re().is_complement(r2, rb1)) {
-        return is_subset(rb1, ra1);
-    }
-    auto is_concat = [&](expr* r, expr*& a, expr*& b, expr*& c) {
-        return re().is_concat(r, a, b) && re().is_concat(b, b, c);
-    };
-    while (true) {
-        if (r1 == r2)
-            return true;
-        if (re().is_full_seq(r2))
-            return true;
-        if (re().is_dot_plus(r2) && re().get_info(r1).nullable == l_false)
-            return true;
-        if (is_concat(r1, ra1, ra2, ra3) &&
-            is_concat(r2, rb1, rb2, rb3) && ra1 == rb1 && ra2 == rb2) {
-            r1 = ra3;
-            r2 = rb3;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (re().is_concat(r1, ra1, ra2) && 
-            re().is_concat(r2, rb1, rb2) && re().is_full_seq(rb1)) {
-            r1 = ra2;
-            continue;
-        }
-        // r1=ra3{la,ua}ra2, r2=rb3{lb,ub}rb2, ra3=rb3, lb<=la, ua<=ub
-        if (re().is_concat(r1, ra1, ra2) && re().is_loop(ra1, ra3, la, ua) &&
-            re().is_concat(r2, rb1, rb2) && re().is_loop(rb1, rb3, lb, ub) &&
-            ra3 == rb3 && lb <= la && ua <= ub) {
-            r1 = ra2;
-            r2 = rb2;
-            continue;
-        }
-        // ra1=ra3{la,ua}, r2=rb3{lb,ub}, ra3=rb3, lb<=la, ua<=ub
-        if (re().is_loop(r1, ra3, la, ua) &&
-            re().is_loop(r2, rb3, lb, ub) &&
-            ra3 == rb3 && lb <= la && ua <= ub) {
-            return true;
-        }
+    return m_subset.is_subset(r1, r2);
+}
+
+bool seq_rewriter::try_collapse_re_union(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
+    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+    if (!u().is_re(a->get_sort(), seq_sort))
         return false;
-    }
+    seq::range_predicate pa(u().max_char()), pb(u().max_char());
+    if (!seq::regex_to_range_predicate(u(), a, pa))
+        return false;
+    if (!seq::regex_to_range_predicate(u(), b, pb))
+        return false;
+    result = seq::range_predicate_to_regex(u(), pa | pb, seq_sort);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool seq_rewriter::try_collapse_re_inter(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
+    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+    if (!u().is_re(a->get_sort(), seq_sort))
+        return false;
+    seq::range_predicate pa(u().max_char()), pb(u().max_char());
+    if (!seq::regex_to_range_predicate(u(), a, pa))
+        return false;
+    if (!seq::regex_to_range_predicate(u(), b, pb))
+        return false;
+    result = seq::range_predicate_to_regex(u(), pa & pb, seq_sort);
+    return true;
 }
 
 br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_union0(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
@@ -4659,11 +3775,30 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_union0(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
         result = b;
         return BR_DONE;
     }
+    // r ∪ ~r → Σ* (complement absorption)
+    if (are_complements(a, b)) {
+        result = re().mk_full_seq(a->get_sort());
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    // Hoist ite out of union: union(ite(c, r1, r2), b) → ite(c, union(r1, b), union(r2, b))
+    expr *c = nullptr, *r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr;
+    if (m().is_ite(a, c, r1, r2)) {
+        result = m().mk_ite(c, re().mk_union(r1, b), re().mk_union(r2, b));
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
+    }
+    if (m().is_ite(b, c, r1, r2)) {
+        result = m().mk_ite(c, re().mk_union(a, r1), re().mk_union(a, r2));
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
+    }
+    if (try_collapse_re_union(a, b, result))
+        return BR_DONE;
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
 
 /* Creates a normalized union. */
 br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_union(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
+    if (try_collapse_re_union(a, b, result))
+        return BR_DONE;
     result = mk_regex_union_normalize(a, b);
     return BR_DONE;
 }
@@ -4701,6 +3836,12 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_complement(expr* a, expr_ref& result) {
         result = re().mk_plus(re().mk_full_char(a->get_sort()));
         return BR_DONE;
     }
+    // Hoist ite out of complement: ~(ite(c, r1, r2)) → ite(c, ~r1, ~r2)
+    expr* c = nullptr;
+    if (m().is_ite(a, c, e1, e2)) {
+        result = m().mk_ite(c, re().mk_complement(e1), re().mk_complement(e2));
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
+    }
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
 
@@ -4726,20 +3867,132 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_inter0(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
         result = a;
         return BR_DONE;
     }
+    // r ∩ ~r → ∅ (complement absorption)
+    if (are_complements(a, b)) {
+        result = re().mk_empty(a->get_sort());
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    // Hoist ite out of intersection: inter(ite(c, r1, r2), b) → ite(c, inter(r1, b), inter(r2, b))
+    expr *c = nullptr, *r1 = nullptr, *r2 = nullptr;
+    if (m().is_ite(a, c, r1, r2)) {
+        result = m().mk_ite(c, re().mk_inter(r1, b), re().mk_inter(r2, b));
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
+    }
+    if (m().is_ite(b, c, r1, r2)) {
+        result = m().mk_ite(c, re().mk_inter(a, r1), re().mk_inter(a, r2));
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
+    }
+    if (try_collapse_re_inter(a, b, result))
+        return BR_DONE;
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
 
 /* Creates a normalized intersection. */
 br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_inter(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
+    if (try_collapse_re_inter(a, b, result))
+        return BR_DONE;
     result = mk_regex_inter_normalize(a, b);
     return BR_DONE;
 }
 
 br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_diff(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
+    seq::range_predicate pa(u().max_char()), pb(u().max_char());
+    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+    if (u().is_re(a->get_sort(), seq_sort)
+        && seq::regex_to_range_predicate(u(), a, pa)
+        && seq::regex_to_range_predicate(u(), b, pb)) {
+        result = seq::range_predicate_to_regex(u(), pa - pb, seq_sort);
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
     result = mk_regex_inter_normalize(a, re().mk_complement(b));
     return BR_REWRITE2;
 }
 
+/*
+   Symmetric difference / XOR of regexes.
+   LANG(a XOR b) = (LANG(a) \ LANG(b)) U (LANG(b) \ LANG(a))
+
+   Equivalence preserving rewrites applied here (paper Section 5):
+     r XOR r           = []
+     r XOR []          = r
+     [] XOR r          = r
+     comp(r) XOR comp(s)  = r XOR s
+     r XOR comp(s)     = comp(r XOR s)
+     comp(r) XOR s     = comp(r XOR s)
+     full_seq XOR r    = comp(r)
+     r XOR full_seq    = comp(r)
+   We also normalize the argument order using expression ids so that the
+   structure is canonical for AC.
+*/
+br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_xor0(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
+    // Reduction-only variant of mk_re_xor for use inside mk_der_op.
+    // Avoids any transformation that would create a top-level re.xor
+    // node (e.g. AC normalisation or complement absorption), because
+    // mk_der_op needs to keep distributing the operation through ITE
+    // BDDs. Only structural simplifications that produce a non-XOR
+    // result are applied here.
+    if (a == b) {
+        result = re().mk_empty(a->get_sort());
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (re().is_empty(a)) {
+        result = b;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (re().is_empty(b)) {
+        result = a;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
+br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_xor(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result) {
+    if (a == b) {
+        result = re().mk_empty(a->get_sort());
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (re().is_empty(a)) {
+        result = b;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (re().is_empty(b)) {
+        result = a;
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    if (re().is_full_seq(a)) {
+        result = re().mk_complement(b);
+        return BR_REWRITE1;
+    }
+    if (re().is_full_seq(b)) {
+        result = re().mk_complement(a);
+        return BR_REWRITE1;
+    }
+    expr* ra = nullptr, * rb = nullptr;
+    bool ca = re().is_complement(a, ra);
+    bool cb = re().is_complement(b, rb);
+    if (ca && cb) {
+        // comp(ra) XOR comp(rb) = ra XOR rb
+        result = re().mk_xor(ra, rb);
+        return BR_REWRITE1;
+    }
+    if (ca) {
+        // comp(ra) XOR b = comp(ra XOR b)
+        result = re().mk_complement(re().mk_xor(ra, b));
+        return BR_REWRITE2;
+    }
+    if (cb) {
+        // a XOR comp(rb) = comp(a XOR rb)
+        result = re().mk_complement(re().mk_xor(a, rb));
+        return BR_REWRITE2;
+    }
+    // Normalize order using expression ids (AC normalization).
+    if (a->get_id() > b->get_id()) {
+        result = re().mk_xor(b, a);
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
 
 br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_loop(func_decl* f, unsigned num_args, expr* const* args, expr_ref& result) {
     rational n1, n2;
@@ -4880,7 +4133,9 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_star(expr* a, expr_ref& result) {
             result = re().mk_full_seq(b1->get_sort());
             return BR_REWRITE2;
         }
-
+        // Hoist ite out of star: (ite c r1 r2)* → ite(c, r1*, r2*)
+        result = m().mk_ite(c, re().mk_star(b1), re().mk_star(c1));
+        return BR_REWRITE3;
     }
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
@@ -4890,30 +4145,71 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_star(expr* a, expr_ref& result) {
  */
 br_status seq_rewriter::mk_re_range(expr* lo, expr* hi, expr_ref& result) {
     zstring slo, shi;
+    unsigned clo = 0, chi = 0;
+    expr *lo1, *hi1;
     unsigned len = 0;
     bool is_empty = false;
-    if (str().is_string(lo, slo) && slo.length() != 1) 
-        is_empty = true;
-    if (str().is_string(hi, shi) && shi.length() != 1) 
-        is_empty = true;
-    if (slo.length() == 1 && shi.length() == 1 && slo[0] > shi[0])
-        is_empty = true;
     len = min_length(lo).second;
     if (len > 1)
         is_empty = true;
     len = min_length(hi).second;
     if (len > 1)
         is_empty = true;
+    // A bound that is provably of length 0 (e.g. the empty string "") can
+    // likewise never be a single character, so the range is empty.  Unlike a
+    // symbolic bound, max_length == 0 is a provable emptiness fact, so this is
+    // sound (it is never true for a model-dependent bound such as a variable).
     if (max_length(lo) == std::make_pair(true, rational(0)))
         is_empty = true;
     if (max_length(hi) == std::make_pair(true, rational(0)))
         is_empty = true;
+
+    // A provable length constraint (a bound can never be a single character)
+    // is the only sound way to conclude emptiness for a possibly-symbolic
+    // bound, so decide emptiness here before attempting to read concrete
+    // characters.
     if (is_empty) {
         sort* srt = re().mk_re(lo->get_sort());
         result = re().mk_empty(srt);
         return BR_DONE;
     }
 
+    // Try to read concrete single-character bounds.  A bound that is not a
+    // syntactic single-character literal is *symbolic* (its value depends on
+    // the model), NOT empty: collapsing such a range to re.empty is unsound
+    // (e.g. (re.range x x) is {x} whenever x is a single character), so we
+    // leave the range unevaluated (BR_FAILED) and let the theory solver
+    // reason about it.
+    bool has_clo = false, has_chi = false;
+    if (str().is_string(lo, slo) && slo.length() == 1) {
+        clo = slo[0];
+        has_clo = true;
+    }
+    else if (str().is_unit(lo, lo1) && m_util.is_const_char(lo1, clo))
+        has_clo = true;
+    if (str().is_string(hi, shi) && shi.length() == 1) {
+        chi = shi[0];
+        has_chi = true;
+    }
+    else if (str().is_unit(hi, hi1) && m_util.is_const_char(hi1, chi))
+        has_chi = true;
+
+    if (!has_clo || !has_chi)
+        return BR_FAILED;
+
+    // Both bounds are concrete characters: an inverted range is empty.
+    if (clo > chi) {
+        sort* srt = re().mk_re(lo->get_sort());
+        result = re().mk_empty(srt);
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+
+    // Singleton: re.range "a" "a" → str.to_re "a"
+    if (clo == chi) {
+        result = re().mk_to_re(str().mk_string(zstring(clo)));
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
 
@@ -5161,6 +4457,30 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::reduce_re_eq(expr* l, expr* r, expr_ref& result) {
     if (re().is_empty(r)) {
         return reduce_re_is_empty(l, result);
     }
+    if (l == r) {
+        result = m().mk_true();
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+    /*
+     * Try the union-find bisimulation procedure for ground regex equality.
+     * Guarded against re-entry because the bisim may construct equalities
+     * indirectly.  On l_undef the rewriter falls through to the existing
+     * axiomatisation path.
+     */
+    if (!m_in_bisim && re().is_ground(l) && re().is_ground(r)) {
+        flet<bool> _block(m_in_bisim, true);
+        seq::regex_bisim bisim(*this);
+        switch (bisim.are_equivalent(l, r)) {
+        case l_true:
+            result = m().mk_true();
+            return BR_DONE;
+        case l_false:
+            result = m().mk_false();
+            return BR_DONE;
+        case l_undef:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
     return BR_FAILED;
 }
 
@@ -5200,6 +4520,25 @@ br_status seq_rewriter::mk_eq_core(expr * l, expr * r, expr_ref & result) {
     if (reduce_eq_empty(l, r, result)) 
         return BR_REWRITE_FULL;
 
+    // a, b are unit-length ground strings => replace_all(x, a, b) in re.to_re(s)
+    {
+        expr *ra_x = nullptr, *ra_a = nullptr, *ra_b = nullptr;
+        zstring sa_val, sb_val, s_val;
+        expr *str_side = nullptr, *ra_side = nullptr;
+        if (str().is_replace_all(l))
+            ra_side = l, str_side = r;
+        else if (str().is_replace_all(r))
+            ra_side = r, str_side = l;
+        if (ra_side && str_side && 
+            str().is_replace_all(ra_side, ra_x, ra_a, ra_b) && str().is_string(ra_a, sa_val) &&
+            sa_val.length() == 1 && 
+            str().is_string(ra_b, sb_val) && sb_val.length() == 1 &&
+            str().is_string(str_side, s_val)) {
+            result = re().mk_in_re(ra_side, re().mk_to_re(str_side));
+            return BR_REWRITE_FULL;
+        }
+    }
+
 #if 0
     if (reduce_arith_eq(l, r, res) || reduce_arith_eq(r, l, res)) {
         result = mk_and(res);
@@ -6017,7 +5356,7 @@ void seq_rewriter::op_cache::cleanup() {
 lbool seq_rewriter::some_string_in_re(expr* r, zstring& s) {
     sort* rs;
     (void)rs;
-    // SASSERT(re().is_re(r, rs) && m_util.is_string(rs));
+    // SASSERT(u().is_re(r, rs) && m_util.is_string(rs));
     expr_mark visited;
     unsigned_vector str;
 
@@ -6159,4 +5498,3 @@ bool seq_rewriter::get_bounds(expr* e, unsigned& low, unsigned& high) {
     }
     return low <= high;
 }
-
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h
index 583720911b..7cd5bf7153 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h
@@ -18,11 +18,14 @@ Notes:
 --*/
 #pragma once
 
+#include "seq_split.h"
 #include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_derive.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_types.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_subset.h"
 #include "util/params.h"
 #include "util/lbool.h"
 #include "util/sign.h"
@@ -127,13 +130,21 @@ class seq_rewriter {
         void insert(decl_kind op, expr* a, expr* b, expr* c, expr* r);
     };
 
+    friend class seq::derive;
+
     seq_util       m_util;
+    seq_subset     m_subset;
+    seq_split      m_split;
     arith_util     m_autil;
     bool_rewriter  m_br;
+    seq::derive    m_derive;
     // re2automaton   m_re2aut;
     op_cache       m_op_cache;
     expr_ref_vector m_es, m_lhs, m_rhs;
-    bool           m_coalesce_chars;    
+    bool m_coalesce_chars = true;
+    bool           m_in_bisim { false };   
+    unsigned       m_re_deriv_depth { 0 };
+    static const unsigned m_max_re_deriv_depth = 512;
 
     enum length_comparison {
         shorter_c, 
@@ -170,49 +181,22 @@ class seq_rewriter {
     //replace b in a by c into result
     void replace_all_subvectors(expr_ref_vector const& as, expr_ref_vector const& bs, expr* c, expr_ref_vector& result);
 
-    // Calculate derivative, memoized and enforcing a normal form
-    expr_ref is_nullable_rec(expr* r);
-    expr_ref mk_derivative_rec(expr* ele, expr* r);
-    expr_ref mk_der_op(decl_kind k, expr* a, expr* b);
-    expr_ref mk_der_op_rec(decl_kind k, expr* a, expr* b);
-    expr_ref mk_der_concat(expr* a, expr* b);
-    expr_ref mk_der_union(expr* a, expr* b);
-    expr_ref mk_der_inter(expr* a, expr* b);
-    expr_ref mk_der_compl(expr* a);
-    expr_ref mk_der_cond(expr* cond, expr* ele, sort* seq_sort);
-    expr_ref mk_der_antimirov_union(expr* r1, expr* r2);
-    bool ite_bdds_compatible(expr* a, expr* b);
-    /* if r has the form deriv(en..deriv(e1,to_re(s))..) returns 's = [e1..en]' else returns '() in r'*/
-    expr_ref is_nullable_symbolic_regex(expr* r, sort* seq_sort);
-    #ifdef Z3DEBUG
-    bool check_deriv_normal_form(expr* r, int level = 3);
-    #endif
+    // For replace_all(x, a, b) in R: transform R so that
+    // - occurrences of b_ch are replaced by union(to_re(a_str), to_re(b_str))
+    // - occurrences of a_ch are replaced by empty (replace_all never outputs a)
+    expr_ref re_replace_char(expr *r, unsigned a_ch, unsigned b_ch, expr *a_str, expr *b_str);
 
-    void mk_antimirov_deriv_rec(expr* e, expr* r, expr* path, expr_ref& result);
-
-    expr_ref mk_antimirov_deriv(expr* e, expr* r, expr* path);
-    expr_ref mk_in_antimirov_rec(expr* s, expr* d);
-    expr_ref mk_in_antimirov(expr* s, expr* d);
-
-    expr_ref mk_antimirov_deriv_intersection(expr* elem, expr* d1, expr* d2, expr* path);
-    expr_ref mk_antimirov_deriv_concat(expr* d, expr* r);
-    expr_ref mk_antimirov_deriv_negate(expr* elem, expr* d);
-    expr_ref mk_antimirov_deriv_union(expr* d1, expr* d2);
-    expr_ref mk_antimirov_deriv_restrict(expr* elem, expr* d1, expr* cond);
-    expr_ref mk_regex_reverse(expr* r);
-    expr_ref mk_regex_concat(expr* r1, expr* r2);
 
     expr_ref merge_regex_sets(expr* r1, expr* r2, expr* unit, std::function<bool(expr*, expr*&, expr*&)>& decompose, std::function<expr* (expr*, expr*)>& compose);
 
     // elem is (:var 0) and path a condition that may have (:var 0) as a free variable
     // simplify path, e.g., (:var 0) = 'a' & (:var 0) = 'b' is simplified to false
-    expr_ref simplify_path(expr* elem, expr* path);
+    // expr_ref simplify_path(expr* elem, expr* path);
 
     bool lt_char(expr* ch1, expr* ch2);
     bool eq_char(expr* ch1, expr* ch2);
     bool neq_char(expr* ch1, expr* ch2);
     bool le_char(expr* ch1, expr* ch2);
-    bool pred_implies(expr* a, expr* b);
     bool are_complements(expr* r1, expr* r2) const;
     bool is_subset(expr* r1, expr* r2) const;
 
@@ -258,8 +242,18 @@ class seq_rewriter {
     br_status mk_re_union0(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result);
     br_status mk_re_inter0(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result);
     br_status mk_re_complement(expr* a, expr_ref& result);
+    // Range-set collapse helpers: if the operands form a boolean
+    // combination of character-class regexes, materialize the result as a
+    // canonical regex over a single range_predicate.  See
+    // ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.h for the recognized fragment.
+    // NOTE: re.complement is intentionally not in this set because it
+    // operates at the sequence level, not the character-class level.
+    bool try_collapse_re_union(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result);
+    bool try_collapse_re_inter(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result);
     br_status mk_re_star(expr* a, expr_ref& result);
     br_status mk_re_diff(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result);
+    br_status mk_re_xor(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result);
+    br_status mk_re_xor0(expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& result);
     br_status mk_re_plus(expr* a, expr_ref& result);
     br_status mk_re_opt(expr* a, expr_ref& result);
     br_status mk_re_power(func_decl* f, expr* a, expr_ref& result);
@@ -340,9 +334,9 @@ class seq_rewriter {
 
 public:
     seq_rewriter(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()):
-        m_util(m), m_autil(m), m_br(m, p), // m_re2aut(m), 
+        m_util(m), m_subset(m_util.re), m_split(*this), m_autil(m), m_br(m, p), m_derive(m, *this), // m_re2aut(m),
         m_op_cache(m), m_es(m), 
-        m_lhs(m), m_rhs(m), m_coalesce_chars(true) {
+        m_lhs(m), m_rhs(m) {
     }
     ast_manager & m() const { return m_util.get_manager(); }
     family_id get_fid() const { return m_util.get_family_id(); }
@@ -353,7 +347,7 @@ public:
     static void get_param_descrs(param_descrs & r);
 
 
-    bool coalesce_chars() const { return m_coalesce_chars; }
+    // bool coalesce_chars() const { return m_coalesce_chars; }
 
     br_status mk_app_core(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result);
     br_status mk_eq_core(expr * lhs, expr * rhs, expr_ref & result);
@@ -369,6 +363,34 @@ public:
         return result;
     }
 
+    expr_ref mk_xor0(expr *a, expr *b) {
+        expr_ref result(m());
+        if (mk_re_xor0(a, b, result) == BR_FAILED)
+            result = re().mk_xor(a, b);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref mk_union(expr *a, expr *b) {
+        expr_ref result(m());
+        if (mk_re_union(a, b, result) == BR_FAILED)
+            result = re().mk_union(a, b);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref mk_inter(expr *a, expr *b) {
+        expr_ref result(m());
+        if (mk_re_inter(a, b, result) == BR_FAILED)
+            result = re().mk_inter(a, b);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref mk_complement(expr *a) {
+        expr_ref result(m());
+        if (mk_re_complement(a, result) == BR_FAILED)
+            result = re().mk_complement(a);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     /*
     * makes concat and simplifies
     */
@@ -379,6 +401,32 @@ public:
         return result;
     }
 
+    /*
+     * Construct r1 XOR r2 applying the structural rewrites in
+     * mk_re_xor (r XOR r = empty, comp/empty/full normalisation, AC
+     * ordering). Used by the bisimulation procedure.
+     */
+    expr_ref mk_re_xor_simplified(expr* r1, expr* r2) {
+        expr_ref result(m());
+        if (mk_re_xor(r1, r2, result) == BR_FAILED)
+            result = re().mk_xor(r1, r2);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Split decomposition (sigma) of a regex; see seq_split.h.  `oracle` (optional)
+    // prunes non-viable splits during generation.
+    bool split(expr* r, split_set& out, unsigned threshold,
+        const split_mode mode = split_mode::strong, split_oracle const& oracle = {}) {
+        return m_split.compute(r, out, threshold, mode, oracle);
+    }
+
+    void simplify_split(split_set& s) { m_split.simplify(s); }
+
+    // decompose a membership constraint into a set of pairs of regex splits
+    std::pair<expr_ref, expr_ref> split_membership(expr* str, expr* regex, unsigned threshold, split_set& result) const {
+        return m_split.split_membership(str, regex, threshold, result);
+    }
+
     /**
      * check if regular expression is of the form all ++ s ++ all ++ t + u ++ all, where, s, t, u are sequences
      */
@@ -408,6 +456,41 @@ public:
     */
     expr_ref mk_derivative(expr* r);
 
+    /*
+    Classical (non-antimirov) Brzozowski derivative wrt the canonical
+    variable v0 = (:var 0). Unlike `mk_derivative` this entry point keeps
+    the symbolic derivative as a single transition regex (TRegex): boolean
+    operators are pushed into the ITE leaves rather than lifted to the top
+    as a union. Used by the regex_bisim equivalence
+    procedure which relies on each leaf of D(p XOR q) being a coherent
+    XOR pair (D_v p) XOR (D_v q).
+    */
+    expr_ref mk_brz_derivative(expr *r) {
+        return mk_derivative(r);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Enumerate the cofactors (min-terms) of a transition regex r taken with
+    respect to ele. Produces (path_condition, leaf_regex) pairs for every
+    feasible path through the ITE-tree, pruning infeasible character ranges.
+    Delegates to the derivative engine so the same path/interval context used
+    while hoisting ITEs is reused for the leaf simplification.
+    */
+    void get_cofactors(expr* ele, expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result) {
+        m_derive.get_cofactors(ele, r, result);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Compute the symbolic derivative of r and enumerate its reachable leaves
+    in fully ITE-hoisted normal form: a list of (path_condition, target)
+    pairs where every target is free of (:var 0) (so nullability is always
+    decidable) and unions are kept intact as single states. Used by
+    regex_bisim, which consumes the targets and ignores the path conditions.
+    */
+    void brz_derivative_cofactors(expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result) {
+        m_derive.derivative_cofactors(r, result);
+    }
+
     // heuristic elimination of element from condition that comes form a derivative.
     // special case optimization for conjunctions of equalities, disequalities and ranges.
     void elim_condition(expr* elem, expr_ref& cond);
@@ -417,6 +500,8 @@ public:
     /* Apply simplifications to the intersection to keep it normalized (r1 and r2 are not normalized)*/
     expr_ref mk_regex_inter_normalize(expr* r1, expr* r2);
 
+    expr_ref mk_regex_concat(expr *r1, expr *r2);
+
     /*
     * Extract some string that is a member of r. 
     * Return true if a valid string was extracted.
@@ -424,4 +509,3 @@ public:
     */
     lbool some_string_in_re(expr* r, zstring& s);
 };
-
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_skolem.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_skolem.h
index 4e327f0fa4..39cf2534fe 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_skolem.h
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_skolem.h
@@ -171,5 +171,5 @@ namespace seq {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_split.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_split.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fcba3a8d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_split.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
+
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_split.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Regex split decomposition (the split function sigma).  See seq_split.h.
+
+Author:
+
+    Clemens Eisenhofer 2026-6-10
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_split.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "util/obj_hashtable.h"
+#include "util/stack.h"
+
+seq_split::seq_split(seq_rewriter& rw) :
+    m(rw.m()), m_rw(rw), m_subset(rw.u().re),
+    m_set_sort(m),
+    m_d_empty(m), m_d_single(m), m_d_fromre(m), m_d_union(m),
+    m_d_inter(m), m_d_compl(m), m_d_lcat(m), m_d_rcat(m),
+    m_empty_app(m) {}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Suspended split-set representation (split algebra over `expr`).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void seq_split::ensure_decls(sort* seq_sort) {
+    SASSERT(seq_sort);
+    if (m_seq_sort == seq_sort)
+        return;
+    sort* re_sort = re().mk_re(seq_sort);
+    m_set_sort  = m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("seq.split.set"));
+    sort* ss    = m_set_sort;
+    m_d_empty   = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("seq.split.empty"),   0u, nullptr, ss);
+    m_d_single  = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("seq.split.single"),  re_sort, re_sort, ss);
+    m_d_fromre  = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("seq.split.from_re"), re_sort, ss);
+    m_d_union   = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("seq.split.union"),   ss, ss, ss);
+    m_d_inter   = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("seq.split.inter"),   ss, ss, ss);
+    m_d_compl   = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("seq.split.compl"),   ss, ss);
+    m_d_lcat    = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("seq.split.lcat"),    re_sort, ss, ss);
+    m_d_rcat    = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("seq.split.rcat"),    ss, re_sort, ss);
+    m_empty_app = m.mk_const(m_d_empty);
+    m_seq_sort  = seq_sort;
+}
+
+// --- smart constructors ----------------------------------------------------
+
+expr_ref seq_split::mk_empty() {
+    SASSERT(m_empty_app);
+    return m_empty_app;
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::mk_single(expr* d, expr* n) {
+    SASSERT(d && n);
+    if (re().is_empty(d) || re().is_empty(n))
+        return mk_empty();
+    return expr_ref(m.mk_app(m_d_single, d, n), m);
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::mk_fromre(expr* r) {
+    SASSERT(r);
+    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+    VERIFY(seq().is_re(r, seq_sort));
+    ensure_decls(seq_sort);
+    if (re().is_empty(r))
+        return mk_empty();
+    return expr_ref(m.mk_app(m_d_fromre, r), m);
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::mk_union(expr* a, expr* b) {
+    SASSERT(a && b);
+    if (is_empty_ss(a))
+        return expr_ref(b, m);
+    if (is_empty_ss(b))
+        return expr_ref(a, m);
+    return expr_ref(m.mk_app(m_d_union, a, b), m);
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::mk_inter(expr* a, expr* b) {
+    SASSERT(a && b);
+    if (is_empty_ss(a) || is_empty_ss(b))
+        return mk_empty();
+    return expr_ref(m.mk_app(m_d_inter, a, b), m);
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::mk_compl(expr* a) {
+    SASSERT(a);
+    return expr_ref(m.mk_app(m_d_compl, a), m);
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::mk_lcat(expr* r, expr* s) {
+    SASSERT(r && s);
+    if (is_empty_ss(s))
+        return mk_empty();
+    if (re().is_epsilon(r))            // eps . S = S
+        return expr_ref(s, m);
+    return expr_ref(m.mk_app(m_d_lcat, r, s), m);
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::mk_rcat(expr* s, expr* r) {
+    SASSERT(r && s);
+    if (is_empty_ss(s))
+        return mk_empty();
+    if (re().is_epsilon(r))            // S . eps = S
+        return expr_ref(s, m);
+    return expr_ref(m.mk_app(m_d_rcat, s, r), m);
+}
+
+// --- recognizers -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool seq_split::is_empty_ss(expr* e) const {
+    return is_app(e) && to_app(e)->get_decl() == m_d_empty;
+}
+bool seq_split::is_single(expr* e, expr*& d, expr*& n) const {
+    if (!is_app(e) || to_app(e)->get_decl() != m_d_single)
+        return false;
+    d = to_app(e)->get_arg(0);
+    n = to_app(e)->get_arg(1);
+    return true;
+}
+bool seq_split::is_fromre(expr* e, expr*& r) const {
+    if (!is_app(e) || to_app(e)->get_decl() != m_d_fromre)
+        return false;
+    r = to_app(e)->get_arg(0);
+    return true;
+}
+bool seq_split::is_union(expr* e, expr*& a, expr*& b) const {
+    if (!is_app(e) || to_app(e)->get_decl() != m_d_union)
+        return false;
+    a = to_app(e)->get_arg(0);
+    b = to_app(e)->get_arg(1);
+    return true;
+}
+bool seq_split::is_inter(expr* e, expr*& a, expr*& b) const {
+    if (!is_app(e) || to_app(e)->get_decl() != m_d_inter)
+        return false;
+    a = to_app(e)->get_arg(0);
+    b = to_app(e)->get_arg(1);
+    return true;
+}
+bool seq_split::is_compl(expr* e, expr*& a) const {
+    if (!is_app(e) || to_app(e)->get_decl() != m_d_compl)
+        return false;
+    a = to_app(e)->get_arg(0);
+    return true;
+}
+bool seq_split::is_lcat(expr* e, expr*& r, expr*& s) const {
+    if (!is_app(e) || to_app(e)->get_decl() != m_d_lcat)
+        return false;
+    r = to_app(e)->get_arg(0);
+    s = to_app(e)->get_arg(1);
+    return true;
+}
+bool seq_split::is_rcat(expr* e, expr*& s, expr*& r) const {
+    if (!is_app(e) || to_app(e)->get_decl() != m_d_rcat)
+        return false;
+    s = to_app(e)->get_arg(0);
+    r = to_app(e)->get_arg(1);
+    return true;
+}
+bool seq_split::is_frontier(expr* e) const {
+    expr *a = nullptr, *b = nullptr;
+    return is_empty_ss(e) || is_single(e, a, b) || is_union(e, a, b);
+}
+
+seq_util&      seq_split::seq() const { return m_rw.u(); }
+seq_util::rex& seq_split::re()  const { return m_rw.u().re; }
+
+// Add <d, n> unless the (optional) lookahead oracle prunes it.
+void seq_split::push(split_set& out, split_oracle const& oracle, expr* d, expr* n) const {
+    if (!oracle || oracle(d, n))
+        out.push_back(split_pair(d, n, m));
+}
+
+// Cross-product intersection of two split-sets (split algebra):
+//   S1 cap S2 = { <D1 cap D2, N1 cap N2> | <D1,N1> in S1, <D2,N2> in S2 }.
+// Pairs where any component is bottom (the empty regex) are dropped.
+bool seq_split::intersect(split_set const& s1, split_set const& s2, split_set& result,
+                          unsigned threshold, split_oracle const& oracle) const {
+    const seq_util::rex& r = re();
+    for (auto const& p1 : s1) {
+        for (auto const& p2 : s2) {
+            if (r.is_empty(p1.m_d) || r.is_empty(p2.m_d) ||
+                r.is_empty(p1.m_n) || r.is_empty(p2.m_n))
+                continue;
+            const expr_ref di(m_rw.mk_regex_inter_normalize(p1.m_d, p2.m_d), m);
+            const expr_ref ni(m_rw.mk_regex_inter_normalize(p1.m_n, p2.m_n), m);
+            push(result, oracle, di, ni);
+            if (result.size() > threshold)
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Complement of a split-set via De Morgan: ~S = cap_{s in S} ~s with
+//   ~<D,N> = { <~D, .*>, <.*, ~N> }  and  ~{} = { <.*, .*> }.
+// May produce up to 2^|sp| pairs (bounded by the threshold).  A threshold
+// overrun must abort entirely: a partial fold is a strictly weaker (unsound)
+// split-set, since each ~sp[i] further constrains ~S.
+bool seq_split::complement(sort* seq_sort, split_set const& sp, split_set& result,
+    const unsigned threshold, split_oracle const& oracle) const {
+
+    seq_util::rex& r = re();
+    sort* re_sort = r.mk_re(seq_sort);
+    const expr_ref full(r.mk_full_seq(re_sort), m);   // .*
+    if (sp.empty()) {                                   // ~{} = <.*, .*>
+        push(result, oracle, full, full);
+        return true;
+    }
+    // The acc/next pairs carry genuine output-orientation N components (the De
+    // Morgan ~<D,N> = {<~D,.*>, <.*,~N>}), so the oracle prunes them soundly and
+    // keeps the 2^|sp| fold from blowing up.
+    split_set acc;
+    push(acc, oracle, r.mk_complement(sp[0].m_d), full);
+    push(acc, oracle, full, r.mk_complement(sp[0].m_n));
+    for (unsigned i = 1; i < sp.size(); ++i) {
+        split_set next;
+        push(next, oracle, r.mk_complement(sp[i].m_d), full);
+        push(next, oracle, full, r.mk_complement(sp[i].m_n));
+        split_set tmp;
+        if (!intersect(acc, next, tmp, threshold, oracle))
+            return false;
+        acc = std::move(tmp);
+        if (acc.empty())            // intersection empty => ~S is empty
+            break;
+        if (acc.size() > threshold)
+            return false;
+    }
+    result.append(acc);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// One level of the sigma rules.  Mirrors the historic eager `compute`, except it
+// emits *suspended* split-algebra terms (from_re / lcat / rcat / inter / compl) for
+// the subterms instead of recursing.  `mode` is irrelevant here: weak vs. strong is
+// decided when `head_normalize` reaches an inter / compl node.
+expr_ref seq_split::expand_fromre(expr* r, bool& ok) {
+    ok = true;
+    seq_util& sq = seq();
+    seq_util::rex& rex = re();
+
+    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+    if (!sq.is_re(r, seq_sort)) {
+        ok = false;
+        return expr_ref(m);
+    }
+    ensure_decls(seq_sort);
+
+    // bottom: sigma(empty) = {}
+    if (rex.is_empty(r))
+        return mk_empty();
+
+    // epsilon: sigma(eps) = { <eps, eps> }
+    if (rex.is_epsilon(r)) {
+        const expr_ref eps(rex.mk_epsilon(seq_sort), m);
+        return mk_single(eps, eps);
+    }
+
+    expr* a = nullptr, *b = nullptr;
+
+    // to_re(s): split the literal word s at every position.
+    expr* s = nullptr;
+    if (rex.is_to_re(r, s)) {
+        zstring str;
+        vector<expr*> stack;
+        stack.push_back(s);
+
+        while (!stack.empty()) {
+            expr* cur = stack.back();
+            stack.pop_back();
+            if (seq().str.is_concat(cur, a, b)) {
+                stack.push_back(b);
+                stack.push_back(a);
+            }
+            else {
+                expr* ch;
+                unsigned cv;
+                if (seq().str.is_unit(cur, ch) && seq().is_const_char(ch, cv)) {
+                    str += zstring(cv);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                zstring str2;
+                if (sq.str.is_string(s, str2)) {
+                    str = str2;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // not a constant string; unsupported for now
+                ok = false;
+                return expr_ref(m);
+            }
+        }
+        expr_ref acc = mk_empty();
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+            const expr_ref p(rex.mk_to_re(sq.str.mk_string(str.extract(0, i))), m);
+            const expr_ref q(rex.mk_to_re(sq.str.mk_string(str.extract(i, str.length() - i))), m);
+            acc = mk_union(acc, mk_single(p, q));
+        }
+        return acc;
+    }
+
+    // single-character class alpha (., [lo-hi], of_pred):
+    //   sigma(alpha) = { <eps, alpha>, <alpha, eps> }
+    if (rex.is_full_char(r) || rex.is_range(r) || rex.is_of_pred(r)) {
+        const expr_ref ex(r, m);
+        const expr_ref eps(rex.mk_epsilon(seq_sort), m);
+        return mk_union(mk_single(eps, ex), mk_single(ex, eps));
+    }
+
+    // .* : sigma(.*) = { <.*, .*> }
+    if (rex.is_full_seq(r)) {
+        const expr_ref ex(r, m);
+        return mk_single(ex, ex);
+    }
+
+    // union: sigma(r0 | ... | r_{n-1}) = U from_re(ri)   (re.union may be n-ary)
+    if (rex.is_union(r)) {
+        app* ap = to_app(r);
+        expr_ref acc = mk_empty();
+        for (expr* arg : *ap) {
+            acc = mk_union(acc, mk_fromre(arg));
+        }
+        return acc;
+    }
+
+    // concat: sigma(r0...r_{n-1}) = U_i  (r0...r_{i-1}) . sigma(ri) . (r_{i+1}...r_{n-1})
+    // emitted as U_i  lcat(left, rcat(from_re(ri), right))   (re.++ may be n-ary)
+    if (rex.is_concat(r)) {
+        app* ap = to_app(r);
+        const unsigned n = ap->get_num_args();
+        expr_ref acc = mk_empty();
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            expr_ref left(m), right(m);
+            if (i == 0)
+                left = rex.mk_epsilon(seq_sort);
+            else {
+                for (unsigned j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
+                    expr* arg = ap->get_arg(j);
+                    left = left ? expr_ref(rex.mk_concat(left, arg), m) : expr_ref(arg, m);
+                }
+            }
+            if (i == n - 1)
+                right = rex.mk_epsilon(seq_sort);
+            else {
+                right = ap->get_arg(i + 1);
+                for (unsigned j = i + 2; j < n; ++j) {
+                    expr* arg = ap->get_arg(j);
+                    right = rex.mk_concat(right, arg);
+                }
+            }
+            expr_ref term = mk_lcat(left, mk_rcat(mk_fromre(ap->get_arg(i)), right));
+            acc = mk_union(acc, term);
+        }
+        return acc;
+    }
+
+    // star: sigma(a*) = { <eps, eps> } cup a*.sigma(a).a*
+    if (rex.is_star(r, a)) {
+        const expr_ref eps(rex.mk_epsilon(seq_sort), m);
+        expr_ref body = mk_lcat(r, mk_rcat(mk_fromre(a), r));  // a*.from_re(a).a*
+        return mk_union(mk_single(eps, eps), body);
+    }
+
+    // plus: a+ = a.a* ; sigma(a+) = a*.sigma(a).a*  (star rule without <eps,eps>)
+    if (rex.is_plus(r, a)) {
+        const expr_ref star(rex.mk_star(a), m);          // a*
+        return mk_lcat(star, mk_rcat(mk_fromre(a), star));
+    }
+
+    // intersection: sigma(r0 & ... & r_{n-1}) = cap from_re(ri)   (re.inter may be n-ary)
+    if (rex.is_intersection(r)) {
+        app* ap = to_app(r);
+        const unsigned n = ap->get_num_args();
+        expr_ref acc = mk_fromre(ap->get_arg(0));
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < n; ++i)
+            acc = mk_inter(acc, mk_fromre(ap->get_arg(i)));
+        return acc;
+    }
+
+    // complement: sigma(~a) = ~sigma(a).
+    if (rex.is_complement(r, a))
+        return mk_compl(mk_fromre(a));
+
+    // difference: a \ b = a & ~b ; sigma(a \ b) = sigma(a) cap ~sigma(b).
+    if (rex.is_diff(r, a, b))
+        return mk_inter(mk_fromre(a), mk_compl(mk_fromre(b)));
+
+    // bounded loop / ite / other: not handled (paper "v1: bail").
+    TRACE(seq, tout << "seq_split: unsupported regex " << mk_pp(r, m) << "\n";);
+    ok = false;
+    return expr_ref(m);
+}
+
+// r . hs : push the left regex onto the D component of a head-normal split-set.
+expr_ref seq_split::distribute_lcat(expr* r, expr* hs) {
+    expr *a = nullptr, *b = nullptr, *d = nullptr, *n = nullptr;
+    if (is_empty_ss(hs))
+        return mk_empty();
+    if (is_single(hs, d, n))
+        return mk_single(m_rw.mk_re_append(r, d), n);   // r.D
+    if (is_union(hs, a, b))
+        return mk_union(mk_lcat(r, a), mk_lcat(r, b));
+    UNREACHABLE();
+    return expr_ref(hs, m);
+}
+
+// hs . r : push the right regex onto the N component of a head-normal split-set.
+expr_ref seq_split::distribute_rcat(expr* hs, expr* r) {
+    expr *a = nullptr, *b = nullptr, *d = nullptr, *n = nullptr;
+    if (is_empty_ss(hs))
+        return mk_empty();
+    if (is_single(hs, d, n))
+        return mk_single(d, m_rw.mk_re_append(n, r));    // N.r
+    if (is_union(hs, a, b))
+        return mk_union(mk_rcat(a, r), mk_rcat(b, r));
+    UNREACHABLE();
+    return expr_ref(hs, m);
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::from_split_set(split_set const& s) {
+    expr_ref acc = mk_empty();
+    for (auto const& p : s)
+        acc = mk_union(acc, mk_single(p.m_d, p.m_n));
+    return acc;
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::head_normalize(expr* t, split_mode mode, unsigned threshold,
+                                   split_oracle const& oracle, bool& ok) {
+    ok = true;
+    expr *a = nullptr, *b = nullptr, *r = nullptr, *s = nullptr;
+
+    // already a frontier node
+    if (is_frontier(t))
+        return expr_ref(t, m);
+
+    // from_re(r): one level of sigma; recurse to settle a non-frontier head
+    // (plus / inter / compl / diff expand to lcat / inter / compl nodes).
+    if (is_fromre(t, r)) {
+        expr_ref e = expand_fromre(r, ok);
+        if (!ok)
+            return expr_ref(m);
+        if (is_frontier(e))
+            return e;
+        return head_normalize(e, mode, threshold, oracle, ok);
+    }
+
+    // r.S : head-normalize S, then distribute r over the frontier.
+    if (is_lcat(t, r, s)) {
+        expr_ref hs = head_normalize(s, mode, threshold, oracle, ok);
+        if (!ok)
+            return expr_ref(m);
+        return distribute_lcat(r, hs);
+    }
+    if (is_rcat(t, s, r)) {
+        expr_ref hs = head_normalize(s, mode, threshold, oracle, ok);
+        if (!ok)
+            return expr_ref(m);
+        return distribute_rcat(hs, r);
+    }
+
+    // inter / compl are eager by nature: a single split of S1 cap S2 (or ~S)
+    // cannot be produced without materializing the operand split-sets.
+    if (is_inter(t, a, b)) {
+        if (mode == split_mode::weak) {
+            ok = false;
+            return expr_ref(m);
+        }
+        split_set sa, sb, tmp;
+        if (!materialize(a, mode, threshold, oracle, sa) ||
+            !materialize(b, mode, threshold, oracle, sb) ||
+            !intersect(sa, sb, tmp, threshold, oracle)) {
+            ok = false;
+            return expr_ref(m);
+        }
+        return from_split_set(tmp);
+    }
+    if (is_compl(t, a)) {
+        if (mode == split_mode::weak) {
+            ok = false;
+            return expr_ref(m);
+        }
+        // The body is materialized WITHOUT the oracle (its pairs are inverted, so
+        // their N is unrelated to the output N); the oracle is re-applied in
+        // complement().
+        split_set sa, res;
+        if (!materialize(a, mode, threshold, split_oracle{}, sa) ||
+            !complement(m_seq_sort, sa, res, threshold, oracle)) {
+            ok = false;
+            return expr_ref(m);
+        }
+        return from_split_set(res);
+    }
+
+    UNREACHABLE();
+    ok = false;
+    return expr_ref(m);
+}
+
+bool seq_split::materialize(expr* node, split_mode mode, unsigned threshold,
+                            split_oracle const& oracle, split_set& out) {
+    iterator it(*this, node, mode, threshold, oracle);
+    expr_ref d(m), n(m);
+    while (it.next(d, n))
+        out.push_back(split_pair(d, n, m));
+    return !it.gave_up();
+}
+
+expr_ref seq_split::make(expr* r) {
+    SASSERT(r);
+    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+    if (!seq().is_re(r, seq_sort))
+        return expr_ref(m);
+    return mk_fromre(r);
+}
+
+// --- Lazy enumerator --------------------------------------------------------
+// The worklist holds suspended split-sets.  Each next() pops a node, head-
+// normalizes it to a frontier (empty | single | union), and either returns the
+// single split, pushes the two union branches back, or skips an empty.  All the
+// expansion work happens lazily, one split per next() call.
+
+seq_split::iterator::iterator(seq_split& engine, expr* node, split_mode mode,
+                              unsigned threshold, split_oracle oracle) :
+    m_engine(engine), m(engine.m), m_mode(mode), m_threshold(threshold),
+    m_oracle(std::move(oracle)), m_work(engine.m) {
+    SASSERT(node);
+    m_work.push_back(node);
+}
+
+bool seq_split::iterator::next(expr_ref& out_d, expr_ref& out_n) {
+    if (m_giveup)
+        return false;                  // a prior give-up is sticky
+    while (!m_work.empty()) {
+        expr_ref t(m_work.back(), m);
+        m_work.pop_back();
+
+        bool ok = true;
+        expr_ref hn = m_engine.head_normalize(t, m_mode, m_threshold, m_oracle, ok);
+        if (!ok) {
+            m_giveup = true;           // unsupported / weak Boolean / overrun
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        expr *a = nullptr, *b = nullptr, *d = nullptr, *n = nullptr;
+        if (m_engine.is_empty_ss(hn))
+            continue;
+        if (m_engine.is_single(hn, d, n)) {
+            if (m_oracle && !m_oracle(d, n))
+                continue;              // pruned by lookahead
+            if (++m_count > m_threshold) {
+                m_giveup = true;       // safety cap against space bloat
+                return false;
+            }
+            out_d = d;
+            out_n = n;
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (m_engine.is_union(hn, a, b)) {
+            m_work.push_back(a);
+            m_work.push_back(b);
+            continue;
+        }
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+    return false;                      // exhausted (m_giveup stays false)
+}
+
+seq_split::iterator seq_split::iterate(expr* node, split_mode mode, unsigned threshold,
+                                       split_oracle const& oracle) {
+    return iterator(*this, node, mode, threshold, oracle);
+}
+
+// Eager wrapper: drain the lazy enumeration into `out`.  Semantics (give-up cases,
+// oracle discipline) match the historic engine.
+bool seq_split::compute(expr* r, split_set& result, unsigned threshold, split_mode mode,
+                        split_oracle const& oracle) {
+    SASSERT(r);
+    sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
+    if (!seq().is_re(r, seq_sort))
+        return false;
+    expr_ref node = mk_fromre(r);
+    return materialize(node, mode, threshold, oracle, result);
+}
+
+// same-D / same-N merge (paper eqs. 1 & 2):
+//   { <D,N>, <D,N'> } -> <D, N | N'>      (by_left = true,  group by D)
+//   { <D,N>, <D',N> } -> <D | D', N>      (by_left = false, group by N)
+// Only fires on syntactically-identical (perfectly-shared) key components, so
+// it is a conservative instance of the rule.
+void seq_split::merge_by(split_set& pairs, const bool by_left) const {
+    obj_map<expr, unsigned> idx;   // key component -> position in `out`
+    split_set out;
+    for (auto const& p : pairs) {
+        expr* key   = by_left ? p.m_d.get() : p.m_n.get();
+        expr* other = by_left ? p.m_n.get() : p.m_d.get();
+        unsigned pos;
+        if (idx.find(key, pos)) {
+            expr* prev = by_left ? out[pos].m_n.get() : out[pos].m_d.get();
+            const expr_ref u(m_rw.mk_regex_union_normalize(prev, other), m);
+            if (by_left)
+                out[pos].m_n = u;
+            else
+                out[pos].m_d = u;
+        }
+        else {
+            idx.insert(key, out.size());
+            out.push_back(p);
+        }
+    }
+    pairs.swap(out);
+}
+
+void seq_split::simplify(split_set& pairs) const {
+    seq_util::rex& r = re();
+
+    // 1. drop pairs with a bottom (empty-language) component.
+    unsigned w = 0;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < pairs.size(); ++i) {
+        if (r.is_empty(pairs[i].m_d) || r.is_empty(pairs[i].m_n))
+            continue;
+        if (w != i)
+            pairs[w] = pairs[i];
+        ++w;
+    }
+    pairs.shrink(w);
+    if (pairs.size() <= 1)
+        return;
+
+    // 2. same-D / same-N merge rules.
+    merge_by(pairs, true);
+    merge_by(pairs, false);
+    if (pairs.size() <= 1)
+        return;
+
+    // 3. subsumption: drop <D_i,N_i> when L(D_i) subseteq L(D_j) and
+    //    L(N_i) subseteq L(N_j) for some kept j.  seq_subset is conservative
+    //    (returns true only for definite containment), so we never drop a
+    //    needed split.
+    //if (pairs.size() > 64)
+    //    return;
+
+    struct row { expr* d; expr* n; unsigned idx; };
+    vector<row> rows;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < pairs.size(); ++i)
+        rows.push_back({ pairs[i].m_d.get(), pairs[i].m_n.get(), i });
+
+    auto subsumes = [&](row const& a, row const& b) {
+        return m_subset.is_subset(b.d, a.d) && m_subset.is_subset(b.n, a.n);
+    };
+
+    vector<row> kept;
+    for (row const& row_r : rows) {
+        bool redundant = false;
+        for (row const& k : kept)
+            if (subsumes(k, row_r)) { redundant = true; break; }
+        if (redundant)
+            continue;
+        // drop already-kept rows strictly subsumed by row_r
+        unsigned kw = 0;
+        for (unsigned t = 0; t < kept.size(); ++t) {
+            if (subsumes(row_r, kept[t]))
+                continue;
+            kept[kw++] = kept[t];
+        }
+        kept.shrink(kw);
+        kept.push_back(row_r);
+    }
+
+    split_set result;
+    for (row const& k : kept)
+        result.push_back(pairs[k.idx]);
+    pairs.swap(result);
+}
+
+std::pair<expr_ref, expr_ref> seq_split::split_membership(expr* str, expr* regex, unsigned threshold, split_set& result) const {
+    expr_ref_vector tokens(m);
+    vector<expr*> stack;
+    stack.push_back(str);
+
+    while (!stack.empty()) {
+        expr* cur = stack.back();
+        stack.pop_back();
+        expr* l, *r;
+        if (seq().str.is_concat(cur, l, r)) {
+            stack.push_back(r);
+            stack.push_back(l);
+        }
+        else
+            tokens.push_back(expr_ref(cur, m));
+    }
+
+    expr* ch;
+    unsigned i = 0;
+
+    while (i < tokens.size() && (seq().str.is_string(tokens.get(i)) || (seq().str.is_unit(tokens.get(i), ch) && seq().is_const_char(ch)))) {
+        zstring s;
+        if (seq().str.is_string(tokens.get(i), s)) {
+            if (s.empty()) {
+                i++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            ch = seq().mk_char(s[0]);
+            tokens[i] = seq().str.mk_string(s.extract(1, s.length() - 1));
+        }
+        else
+            i++;
+        regex = m_rw.mk_derivative(ch, regex);
+    }
+
+    if (i > 0) {
+        unsigned j = 0;
+        for (; i < tokens.size(); i++, j++) {
+            tokens[j] = tokens.get(i);
+        }
+        tokens.shrink(j);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Do this for the back as well (also, why did no rule before do that?)
+
+    if (tokens.empty())
+        return { expr_ref(m), expr_ref(m) };
+
+    // Choose the factorization boundary so the tail starts with the
+    // longest run of concrete characters c.
+    // This gives the split-engine lookahead oracle the most pruning information.
+    // head = u' (tokens before the run), tail = c · u''' (tokens from the run onward).
+    const unsigned total = tokens.size();
+    unsigned run_start = 0, run_len = 0;
+    for (i = 1; i < total; ) {
+        if (!(seq().str.is_unit(tokens.get(i), ch) && seq().is_const_char(ch))) {
+            i++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        unsigned j = i;
+        while (j < total && seq().str.is_unit(tokens.get(j), ch) && seq().is_const_char(ch)) {
+            j++;
+        }
+        if (j - i > run_len) {
+            run_len = j - i;
+            run_start = i;
+        }
+        i = j;
+    }
+    // No constant run => fall back to splitting off the first token.
+    const unsigned p = run_len == 0 ? 1 : run_start;
+    SASSERT(p >= 1);
+    expr* head = tokens.get(0);
+    for (i = 1; i < p; i++) {
+        head = seq().str.mk_concat(head, tokens.get(i));
+    }
+    expr* tail = seq().str.mk_empty(head->get_sort());
+    if (tokens.size() > p + run_len) {
+        tail = tokens.get(p + run_len);
+        for (i = p + run_len + 1; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
+            tail = seq().str.mk_concat(tail, tokens.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+    SASSERT(head && tail);
+
+    // Build the constant lookahead c and (if non-empty) an oracle that
+    // prunes splits whose postfix cannot match c.
+    zstring c;
+    for (i = 0; i < run_len; ++i) {
+        unsigned cv;
+        VERIFY(seq().str.is_unit(tokens.get(run_start + i), ch));
+        VERIFY(seq().is_const_char(ch, cv));
+        c = c + zstring(cv);
+    }
+    split_oracle oracle;
+    if (!c.empty())
+        oracle = [this, &c](expr*, expr* n) { return split_lookahead_viable(n, c); };
+
+    // Decompose the regex into a split-set via the shared seq_split engine
+    if (!m_rw.split(regex, result, threshold, split_mode::strong, oracle)) {
+        result.clear();
+        return { expr_ref(m), expr_ref(m) };
+    }
+
+    simplify(result);
+
+    // Eagerly consume the constant run c from the tail by taking the c-derivative
+    // of each postfix
+    if (!c.empty()) {
+        unsigned w = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < result.size(); ++i) {
+            expr* d = result[i].m_n;
+            for (unsigned k = 0; d && !seq().re.is_empty(d) && k < c.length(); ++k) {
+                d = m_rw.mk_derivative(seq().mk_char(c[k]), d);
+            }
+            SASSERT(d);
+            if (re().is_empty(d))
+                continue;   // postfix can't start with c => infeasible split, drop
+            result[w++] = split_pair(result[i].m_d, d, m);
+        }
+        result.shrink(w);
+    }
+
+    return { expr_ref(head, m), expr_ref(tail, m) };
+}
+
+bool seq_split::split_lookahead_viable(expr* regex, zstring const& c) const {
+    SASSERT(regex);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < c.length(); i++) {
+        if (m.is_true(m_rw.is_nullable(regex)))
+            return true;            // N accepts the prefix c[0..i) => a suffix completes it
+        regex = m_rw.mk_derivative(seq().mk_char(c[i]), regex);
+        SASSERT(regex);
+        if (re().is_empty(regex))
+            return false;           // N went (syntactically) dead before reaching c
+    }
+    return !re().is_empty(regex);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_split.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_split.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3b7a57675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_split.h
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_split.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Regex split decomposition: the split function sigma from the paper
+    "Solving by Splitting".  For a regular expression r, sigma(r) is a finite
+    "split-set" of pairs { <D_i, N_i> } such that
+
+        u.v in L(r)   iff   exists i:  u in L(D_i)  and  v in L(N_i).
+
+    The split algebra (intersection, De Morgan complement, left/right
+    concatenation with a regex) and the cardinality-reducing simplification
+    heuristics (drop bottom, same-D/same-N merge, subsumption via seq_subset)
+    follow the paper.
+
+Author:
+
+    Clemens Eisenhofer 2026-6-10
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_subset.h"
+#include <functional>
+
+class seq_rewriter;
+
+// An individual split <D, N>: the left (prefix) regex D and right (suffix)
+// regex N.  u.v in L(r) for this split iff u in L(D) and v in L(N).
+struct split_pair {
+    expr_ref m_d;
+    expr_ref m_n;
+    split_pair(expr* d, expr* n, ast_manager& m) : m_d(d, m), m_n(n, m) {
+        SASSERT(d && n);
+    }
+};
+
+// A split-set is a union of individual splits.
+typedef vector<split_pair> split_set;
+
+// Controls how aggressively sigma expands the Boolean-closure cases:
+//   strong - fully expand complement / intersection via the split algebra
+//            (De Morgan / cross product).  This is the behaviour the nseq
+//            solver relies on.
+//   weak   - do not perform the (potentially 2^k) Boolean-closure expansion;
+//            give up (return false) on complement / intersection instead.
+enum class split_mode { weak, strong };
+
+// Optional lookahead oracle.  Called for each candidate split <D, N> as it is
+// generated; returns true to keep it, false to prune it.  An empty oracle (the
+// default) keeps everything, so sigma is unchanged.  See seq_split::compute.
+typedef std::function<bool(expr* D, expr* N)> split_oracle;
+
+class seq_split {
+    ast_manager& m;
+    seq_rewriter& m_rw;       // for mk_re_append + manager / seq_util access
+    seq_subset    m_subset;   // language-subset checks for subsumption
+
+    // --- Suspended split-set representation -------------------------------
+    // A split-set computation is kept as an `expr` term over a small family of
+    // locally-declared, uninterpreted function symbols (the split algebra of the
+    // paper / split-algebra.md).  Nothing here is ever asserted to the solver;
+    // the terms are only used as scratch structure to drive lazy expansion.
+    //
+    //   empty    : SplitSet                 -- {} (bottom)
+    //   single   : Re x Re -> SplitSet       -- a single split <D, N>
+    //   from_re  : Re -> SplitSet            -- the *suspended* sigma(r)
+    //   union    : SplitSet x SplitSet -> SplitSet
+    //   inter    : SplitSet x SplitSet -> SplitSet
+    //   compl    : SplitSet -> SplitSet
+    //   lcat     : Re x SplitSet -> SplitSet -- r . S (left-concat onto D)
+    //   rcat     : SplitSet x Re -> SplitSet -- S . r (right-concat onto N)
+    sort*         m_seq_sort = nullptr;   // sequence sort the decls are built for
+    sort_ref      m_set_sort;             // the uninterpreted SplitSet sort
+    func_decl_ref m_d_empty, m_d_single, m_d_fromre, m_d_union,
+                  m_d_inter, m_d_compl, m_d_lcat, m_d_rcat;
+    expr_ref      m_empty_app;            // cached nullary `empty` term
+
+    seq_util&      seq() const;
+    seq_util::rex& re() const;
+
+    // (Re)build the local declarations for `seq_sort` if not already current.
+    void ensure_decls(sort* seq_sort);
+
+    // Smart constructors: apply the cheap normalizations the eager engine relies
+    // on (drop-bottom, eps cancellation, union absorption of empty).
+    expr_ref mk_empty();
+    expr_ref mk_single(expr* d, expr* n);
+    expr_ref mk_fromre(expr* r);
+    expr_ref mk_union(expr* a, expr* b);
+    expr_ref mk_inter(expr* a, expr* b);
+    expr_ref mk_compl(expr* a);
+    expr_ref mk_lcat(expr* r, expr* s);
+    expr_ref mk_rcat(expr* s, expr* r);
+
+    // Recognizers over the local decls.
+    bool is_empty_ss(expr* e) const;
+    bool is_single(expr* e, expr*& d, expr*& n) const;
+    bool is_fromre(expr* e, expr*& r) const;
+    bool is_union (expr* e, expr*& a, expr*& b) const;
+    bool is_inter (expr* e, expr*& a, expr*& b) const;
+    bool is_compl (expr* e, expr*& a) const;
+    bool is_lcat  (expr* e, expr*& r, expr*& s) const;
+    bool is_rcat  (expr* e, expr*& s, expr*& r) const;
+    // A term whose head is empty | single | union (ready for the worklist loop).
+    bool is_frontier(expr* e) const;
+
+    // One level of the sigma rules: from_re(r) -> a SplitSet term built from the
+    // immediate subterms.  `ok` is set false on an unsupported shape.
+    expr_ref expand_fromre(expr* r, bool& ok);
+    // Distribute a left/right concatenation over a head-normal split-set.
+    expr_ref distribute_lcat(expr* r, expr* hs);
+    expr_ref distribute_rcat(expr* hs, expr* r);
+    // Materialized split-set -> a `union` of `single`s.
+    expr_ref from_split_set(split_set const& s);
+    // Reduce `t` until its head is empty | single | union (one outermost level
+    // for the lazy nodes; inter/compl are expanded eagerly via `materialize`,
+    // since the paper's De Morgan / cross-product cannot yield a split lazily).
+    // `ok` is set false on a give-up (unsupported shape, weak-mode Boolean, or
+    // threshold overrun).
+    expr_ref head_normalize(expr* t, split_mode mode, unsigned threshold,
+                            split_oracle const& oracle, bool& ok);
+    // Fully drain a suspended split-set into `out` (used for inter/compl bodies).
+    // Runs an `iterator` to exhaustion; returns false on a give-up.
+    bool materialize(expr* node, split_mode mode, unsigned threshold,
+                     split_oracle const& oracle, split_set& out);
+
+    // Push <d, n> onto `out`, unless `oracle` rejects it.
+    void push(split_set& out, split_oracle const& oracle, expr* d, expr* n) const;
+
+    // S1 cap S2 = { <D1 cap D2, N1 cap N2> } dropping any pair with a bottom
+    // component (and any rejected by `oracle`).  Returns false on threshold overrun.
+    bool intersect(split_set const& s1, split_set const& s2, split_set& result,
+                   unsigned threshold, split_oracle const& oracle) const;
+
+    // De Morgan complement of a split-set: ~S = cap_{s in S} ~s with
+    //   ~<D,N> = { <~D, .*>, <.*, ~N> }  and  ~{} = { <.*, .*> }.
+    bool complement(sort* seq_sort, split_set const& sp, split_set& result,
+                    unsigned threshold, split_oracle const& oracle) const;
+
+    // same-D / same-N merge: groups pairs that share a (syntactically identical)
+    // left (resp. right) component and unions the other component.
+    void merge_by(split_set& pairs, bool by_left) const;
+
+public:
+    explicit seq_split(seq_rewriter& rw);
+
+    // Lazy split enumerator.  Holds the suspended split-set worklist and produces
+    // the concrete splits <D, N> one at a time, on demand, instead of computing
+    // them all up front.  Obtain one from seq_split::iterate (or construct it
+    // directly) and pull splits with next() until it returns false; gave_up() then
+    // tells a normal exhaustion (false) apart from a give-up (true).
+    //
+    // The threshold is supplied by the caller and serves only as a safety cap
+    // against space bloat (lazy expansion still has to materialize the operands of
+    // intersection / complement).  A threshold overrun, an unsupported regex shape,
+    // or a Boolean-closure case in weak mode aborts the enumeration: next() returns
+    // false and gave_up() returns true.  To stop early, simply stop calling next().
+    //
+    // `oracle` (optional) prunes non-viable splits as they are produced.  It must
+    // be sound to apply per split: a candidate N can still gain a prefix from a
+    // factor appended to its right later (concat/star), so the oracle must use a
+    // "prefix-compatible" test (prune only when N can never match the lookahead,
+    // even partially), NOT a strict "starts-with" test.  The complement body is
+    // expanded WITHOUT the oracle (inverted orientation); the oracle is re-applied
+    // to the complement's output fold.
+    class iterator {
+        seq_split&      m_engine;
+        ast_manager&    m;
+        split_mode      m_mode;
+        unsigned        m_threshold;
+        split_oracle    m_oracle;
+        expr_ref_vector m_work;        // GC-safe worklist of suspended split-sets
+        unsigned        m_count = 0;   // splits produced so far (vs. threshold)
+        bool            m_giveup = false;
+    public:
+        iterator(seq_split& engine, expr* node, split_mode mode,
+                 unsigned threshold, split_oracle oracle);
+        // Compute the next split.  On success returns true and sets <d, n>; on
+        // exhaustion or give-up returns false (see gave_up()).  Calling next()
+        // again after it has returned false keeps returning false.
+        bool next(expr_ref& d, expr_ref& n);
+        // Valid after next() has returned false: true iff the enumeration aborted
+        // (unsupported regex / weak-mode Boolean / threshold overrun) rather than
+        // running out of splits.
+        bool gave_up() const { return m_giveup; }
+    };
+
+    // Build the *suspended* sigma(r) as a split-algebra term (no expansion).
+    // Returns null on a non-regex argument.  Drive it with `iterate`.
+    expr_ref make(expr* r);
+
+    // Create a lazy enumerator over a suspended split-set `node` (typically the
+    // result of make()).  See `iterator` for the meaning of the arguments.
+    iterator iterate(expr* node, split_mode mode, unsigned threshold,
+                     split_oracle const& oracle = {});
+
+    // Compute sigma(r), appending to `out` (does not clear it).  Thin eager
+    // wrapper that drains an `iterator` to exhaustion; semantics match the historic
+    // engine.  See `iterator` for the meaning of `threshold`, `mode`, and `oracle`.
+    bool compute(expr* r, split_set& out, unsigned threshold,
+                 split_mode mode = split_mode::strong, split_oracle const& oracle = {});
+
+    // In-place simplification of a split-set: drop bottom components, apply the
+    // same-D / same-N merge rules, and drop splits subsumed by another (using
+    // seq_subset).  Size-capped to keep the O(n^2) subsumption affordable.
+    void simplify(split_set& s) const;
+
+    // decompose a membership constraint into a set of pairs of regex splits
+    std::pair<expr_ref, expr_ref> split_membership(expr* str, expr* regex, unsigned threshold, split_set& result) const;
+
+    // Lookahead oracle for the split engine: is the split's right component
+    // `n_regex` prefix-compatible with the constant character sequence `c`?
+    // This is sound to apply during split generation — it never drops a viable split.
+    // Thus, it might not eliminate all cases in order to stay sound
+    bool split_lookahead_viable(expr* regex, zstring const& c) const;
+
+
+};
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_subset.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_subset.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1af42d06d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_subset.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_subset.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Heuristic regular-expression subset checks used by seq_rewriter.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2026-6-8
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_subset.h"
+
+bool seq_subset::is_subset_rec(expr* a, expr* b, unsigned depth) const {
+    while (true) {
+
+        if (a == b)
+            return true;
+        if (m_re.is_empty(a))
+            return true;
+        if (m_re.is_full_seq(b))
+            return true;
+        if (m_re.is_epsilon(a) && m_re.get_info(b).nullable == l_true)
+            return true;
+
+        if (depth >= m_max_depth)
+            return false;
+
+        expr* a1 = nullptr, * a2 = nullptr, * b1 = nullptr, * b2 = nullptr;
+        unsigned la, ua, lb, ub;
+
+        // a ⊆ .+ iff a is non-nullable
+        if (m_re.is_dot_plus(b) && m_re.get_info(a).nullable == l_false)
+            return true;
+
+        // e ⊆ a*
+        if (m_re.is_epsilon(a) && m_re.is_star(b, b1))
+            return true;
+
+        // a ⊆ a*: if b = b1* and a ⊆ b1, then a ⊆ b1*
+        if (m_re.is_star(b, b1) && is_subset_rec(a, b1, depth))
+            return true;
+
+        // R1* ⊆ R2* if R1 ⊆ R2
+        if (m_re.is_star(a, a1) && m_re.is_star(b, b1) && is_subset_rec(a1, b1, depth + 1))
+            return true;
+
+        // R1+ ⊆ R2+ if R1 ⊆ R2
+        if (m_re.is_plus(a, a1) && m_re.is_plus(b, b1) && is_subset_rec(a1, b1, depth))
+            return true;
+
+        // R ⊆ R+
+        if (m_re.is_plus(b, b1) && is_subset_rec(a, b1, depth))
+            return true;
+
+        // R+ ⊆ R*
+        if (m_re.is_plus(a, a1) && m_re.is_star(b, b1) && is_subset_rec(a1, b1, depth + 1))
+            return true;
+
+        // range containment
+        if (m_re.is_range(a, la, ua) && m_re.is_range(b, lb, ub) && lb <= la && ua <= ub)
+            return true;
+
+        // to_re(s) ⊆ range
+        if (m_re.is_to_re(a, a1) && m_re.is_range(b, lb, ub) && is_app(a1)) {
+            func_decl* f = to_app(a1)->get_decl();
+            if (f->get_decl_kind() == OP_STRING_CONST && f->get_num_parameters() == 1) {
+                zstring const& s = f->get_parameter(0).get_zstring();
+                if (s.length() == 1 && lb <= s[0] && s[0] <= ub)
+                    return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // a ⊆ b1 ∪ b2 if a ⊆ b1 or a ⊆ b2
+        if (m_re.is_union(b, b1, b2) && (is_subset_rec(a, b1, depth + 1) || is_subset_rec(a, b2, depth + 1)))
+            return true;
+
+        // a1 ∪ a2 ⊆ b if a1 ⊆ b and a2 ⊆ b
+        if (m_re.is_union(a, a1, a2) && is_subset_rec(a1, b, depth + 1) && is_subset_rec(a2, b, depth + 1))
+            return true;
+
+        // a1 ∩ a2 ⊆ b if a1 ⊆ b or a2 ⊆ b
+        if (m_re.is_intersection(a, a1, a2) && (is_subset_rec(a1, b, depth + 1) || is_subset_rec(a2, b, depth + 1)))
+            return true;
+
+        // a ⊆ b1 ∩ b2 if a ⊆ b1 and a ⊆ b2
+        if (m_re.is_intersection(b, b1, b2) && is_subset_rec(a, b1, depth + 1) && is_subset_rec(a, b2, depth + 1))
+            return true;
+
+        // R{la,ua} ⊆  R'{lb,ub} if  R ⊆ R', lb<=la, ua<=ub
+        if (m_re.is_loop(a, a1, la, ua) &&
+            m_re.is_loop(b, b1, lb, ub) &&
+            lb <= la && ua <= ub && is_subset_rec(a1, b1, depth + 1)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // a1 \ a2 ⊆ b if a1 ⊆ b
+        if (m_re.is_diff(a, a1, a2) && is_subset_rec(a1, b, depth + 1))
+            return true;
+
+        // R ⊆ Σ*·R' if R ⊆ R'
+        if (m_re.is_concat(b, b1, b2) && m_re.is_full_seq(b1) && is_subset_rec(a, b2, depth))
+            return true;
+
+        // prefix absorption: P·R' ⊆ Σ*·R' for any prefix P (since P ⊆ Σ*).
+        // Detect that a has R' (= b2) as a concatenation suffix, where b = Σ*·R'.
+        // Covers contains-patterns, e.g. Σ*·a·Σ*·b·Σ* ⊆ Σ*·b·Σ*.
+        if (m_re.is_concat(b, b1, b2) && m_re.is_full_seq(b1) && ends_with(a, b2))
+            return true;
+
+        // R ⊆ R'·Σ* if R ⊆ R'
+        if (m_re.is_concat(b, b1, b2) && m_re.is_full_seq(b2) && is_subset_rec(a, b1, depth))
+            return true;
+
+        // star absorption: R·R* ⊆ R*, R*·R ⊆ R*
+        bool const is_concat_star = m_re.is_concat(a, a1, a2) && m_re.is_star(b, b1);
+        if (is_concat_star &&
+            is_subset_rec(a1, b1, depth + 1) && is_subset_rec(a2, b, depth + 1))
+            return true;
+        if (is_concat_star &&
+            is_subset_rec(a2, b1, depth + 1) && is_subset_rec(a1, b, depth + 1))
+            return true;
+
+        // concat monotonicity:
+        // tail-recursive on second arguments (without increasing depth bound).
+        if (m_re.is_concat(a, a1, a2) && m_re.is_concat(b, b1, b2) && is_subset_rec(a1, b1, depth + 1)) {
+            a = a2;
+            b = b2;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // complement: ~a ⊆ ~b if b ⊆ a
+        if (m_re.is_complement(a, a1) && m_re.is_complement(b, b1))
+            return is_subset_rec(b1, a1, depth + 1);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+bool seq_subset::is_subset(expr* a, expr* b) const {
+    return is_subset_rec(a, b, 0);
+}
+
+bool seq_subset::ends_with(expr* a, expr* suf) const {
+    if (a == suf)
+        return true;
+    // Flatten both regexes into their sequence of concatenation factors
+    // (independent of left/right associativity) and test list-suffix equality.
+    ptr_vector<expr> af, sf;
+    flatten_concat(a, af);
+    flatten_concat(suf, sf);
+    if (sf.size() > af.size())
+        return false;
+    unsigned off = af.size() - sf.size();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sf.size(); ++i)
+        if (af[off + i] != sf[i])
+            return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+void seq_subset::flatten_concat(expr* a, ptr_vector<expr>& out) const {
+    expr* a1 = nullptr, * a2 = nullptr;
+    if (m_re.is_concat(a, a1, a2)) {
+        flatten_concat(a1, out);
+        flatten_concat(a2, out);
+    }
+    else
+        out.push_back(a);
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/seq_subset.h b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_subset.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e62333dea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/seq_subset.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_subset.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Heuristic regular-expression subset checks used by seq_rewriter.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2026-6-8
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+
+class seq_subset {
+    seq_util::rex& m_re;
+    static constexpr unsigned m_max_depth = 3;
+
+    bool is_subset_rec(expr* a, expr* b, unsigned depth) const;
+
+    // true if regex a, viewed as a flattened concatenation, has suf as a
+    // structural (concatenation) suffix.
+    bool ends_with(expr* a, expr* suf) const;
+
+    void flatten_concat(expr* a, ptr_vector<expr>& out) const;
+
+public:
+    explicit seq_subset(seq_util::rex& re) : m_re(re) {}
+    bool is_subset(expr* a, expr* b) const;
+};
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2397db467b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+/**
+ * term_enumeration.cpp - Bottom-up term enumeration module for Z3
+ *
+ * Inspired by the Probe synthesizer (Barke et al., "Just-in-Time Learning
+ * for Bottom-Up Enumerative Synthesis"). Adapted to use Z3's internal APIs.
+ *
+ * Key ideas:
+ *   - Terms are enumerated bottom-up by "cost" (calculated by tree size).
+ *   - A grammar describes which function symbols (operators) and leaves
+ *     (constants, variables) are available for enumeration.
+ */
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include "util/vector.h"
+#include "util/scoped_ptr_vector.h"
+#include "util/obj_hashtable.h"
+#include "util/uint_set.h"
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.h"
+
+
+namespace term_enum {
+
+// ============================================================================
+// grammar production rule
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * A production describes how to construct a term from child terms.
+ * - domain: the sort required for each child
+ * - range: the sort of the produced term
+ * - builder: given a vector of child exprs, produce the result expr
+ */
+struct production {
+    std::string name;
+    sort_ref range;
+    sort_ref_vector domain;
+    std::function<expr_ref(expr_ref_vector const&)> builder;
+
+    bool is_leaf() const { return domain.empty(); }
+};
+
+// ============================================================================
+// grammar
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * A grammar groups productions into leaves (arity 0) and operators (arity > 0).
+ */
+class grammar {
+public:
+    grammar(ast_manager& m) : m(m), m_pinned(m) {}
+
+    void add_production(production* p) {
+        if (p->is_leaf())
+            m_leaves.push_back(p);
+        else
+            m_operators.push_back(p);
+    }
+
+    scoped_ptr_vector<production> const& leaves() const { return m_leaves; }
+    scoped_ptr_vector<production> const& operators() const { return m_operators; }
+    ast_manager& mgr() const { return m; }
+
+    void add_func_decl(func_decl *f) {
+        if (m_seen.contains(f))
+            return;
+        m_pinned.push_back(f);
+        m_seen.insert(f);
+        sort_ref range(f->get_range(), m);
+        sort_ref_vector dom(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < f->get_arity(); ++i)
+            dom.push_back(sort_ref(f->get_domain(i), m));
+        add_production(alloc(production, {f->get_name().str(), range, dom, [this, f](expr_ref_vector const &args) {
+                            return expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, args), m);
+                        }}));
+    }
+
+    void add_expr(expr *e) {
+        if (m_seen.contains(e))
+            return;
+        m_pinned.push_back(e);
+        m_seen.insert(e);
+        sort_ref range(e->get_sort(), m);
+        sort_ref_vector dom(m);
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << mk_bounded_pp(e, m);
+        std::string name = ss.str();
+        add_production(alloc(production, {name, range, dom, [this, e](expr_ref_vector const&) { return expr_ref(e, m); }}));
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const {
+        out << "Leaves:\n";
+        for (auto const *p : m_leaves) {
+            out << "  " << p->name << " : " << mk_pp(p->range, m) << "\n";
+        }
+        out << "Operators:\n";
+        for (auto const *p : m_operators) {
+            out << "  " << p->name << " : (";
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < p->domain.size(); ++i) {
+                if (i > 0)
+                    out << ", ";
+                out << mk_pp(p->domain[i], m);
+            }
+            out << ") -> " << mk_pp(p->range, m) << "\n";
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ast_manager& m;
+    ast_ref_vector m_pinned;
+    scoped_ptr_vector<production> m_leaves;
+    scoped_ptr_vector<production> m_operators;
+    obj_hashtable<ast> m_seen;
+};
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Term Bank - stores enumerated terms by cost and sort
+// ============================================================================
+
+using cost_terms = vector<std::pair<expr*, unsigned>>;
+
+class term_bank {
+    using sort_term_map = obj_map<sort, ptr_vector<expr>>;
+public:
+    term_bank(ast_manager& m) : m(m), m_pinned(m) {}
+
+    ~term_bank() {
+        for (auto s : m_terms)
+            dealloc(s);
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        m_pinned.reset();
+        m_terms.clear();
+    }
+
+    void add(expr* term, unsigned cost) {
+        sort* s = term->get_sort();
+        m_pinned.push_back(term);
+        if (cost >= m_terms.size()) 
+            m_terms.resize(cost + 1);
+        if (!m_terms[cost])
+            m_terms[cost] = alloc(sort_term_map);
+        m_terms[cost]->insert_if_not_there(s, ptr_vector<expr>()).push_back(term);
+    }
+
+    /** Get all terms of a given sort up to (and including) max_cost */
+    cost_terms get_by_sort(sort* s, unsigned max_cost) const {
+        cost_terms result;
+        for (unsigned c = 0; c <= max_cost; ++c) {
+            if (c >= m_terms.size()) 
+                break;
+            if (!m_terms[c]->contains(s))
+                continue;
+            for (auto t : m_terms[c]->find(s))
+                result.push_back({t, c});
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Return true if there is at least one term at/above `cost` whose sort is
+    // not in `sorts` (i.e., enumeration can still produce a new requested sort).
+    bool is_productive(unsigned cost, uint_set const& sorts) {
+        for (unsigned i = cost; i < m_terms.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!m_terms[i])
+                continue;
+            for (auto const& entry : *m_terms[i]) {
+                sort* term_sort = entry.m_key;
+                if (!sorts.contains(term_sort->get_small_id()))
+                    return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ptr_vector<expr> null_ptr_vector;
+    ptr_vector<expr> const &get_by_cost_and_sort(unsigned cost, sort *s) const {
+        if (cost >= m_terms.size() || !m_terms[cost] || !m_terms[cost]->contains(s))
+            return null_ptr_vector;
+        return m_terms[cost]->find(s);
+    } 
+
+    std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const {
+        for (unsigned cost = 0; cost < m_terms.size(); ++cost) {
+            if (!m_terms[cost])
+                continue;
+            out << "cost " << cost << ":\n";
+            for (auto& [s, terms] : *m_terms[cost]) {
+                out << " sort " << mk_pp(s, m) << ":\n";
+                for (expr* e : terms) {
+                    out << "  #" << e->get_id() << " ";
+                    if (cost == 0) {
+                        out << mk_bounded_pp(e, m);
+                    }
+                    else if (is_app(e)) {
+                        app* a = to_app(e);
+                        out << a->get_decl()->get_name() << "(";
+                        bool first = true;
+                        for (expr* arg : *a) {
+                            if (!first) out << ", ";
+                            first = false;
+                            out << "#" << arg->get_id();
+                        }
+                        out << ")";
+                    }
+                    out << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ast_manager& m;
+    expr_ref_vector m_pinned;
+    // cost -> sort -> terms
+    ptr_vector<sort_term_map> m_terms;
+};
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Children Iterator - generates all combinations of child terms
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Iterates over all tuples (c1, c2, ..., cn) where each ci has the required
+ * sort, drawn from the term bank, with at least one child at the current
+ * cost - 1 (to avoid regenerating previously seen terms).
+ */
+class children_iterator {
+public:
+    children_iterator(ast_manager& m, production const& prod, term_bank const& bank, unsigned current_cost)
+        : m(m), m_done(false)
+    {
+        m_arity = prod.domain.size();
+        if (m_arity == 0) {
+            m_done = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_arity; ++i) {
+            m_candidates.push_back(bank.get_by_sort(prod.domain[i], current_cost - 1));
+            if (m_candidates.back().empty()) {
+                m_done = true;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        m_indices.resize(m_arity, 0);
+    }
+
+    bool has_next(unsigned cost) {
+        while (!m_done) {
+            if (m.limit().is_canceled())
+                return false;
+            if (has_child_at_cost(cost)) 
+                return true;
+            advance();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref_vector next(unsigned& cost) {
+        expr_ref_vector result(m);
+        cost = 1;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_arity; ++i) {
+            auto [e, c] = m_candidates[i].get(m_indices[i]);
+            cost += c;
+            result.push_back(e);
+        }
+        advance();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ast_manager& m;
+    unsigned m_arity;
+    bool m_done;
+    vector<cost_terms> m_candidates;
+    svector<unsigned> m_indices;
+
+    bool has_child_at_cost(unsigned cost) const {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_arity; ++i) {
+            auto [e, c] = m_candidates[i].get(m_indices[i]);
+            if (c + 1 == cost)
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void advance() {
+        for (auto i = m_arity; i-- > 0;) {                       
+            m_indices[i]++;
+            if (m_indices[i] < m_candidates[i].size()) return;
+            m_indices[i] = 0;
+        }
+        m_done = true;
+    }
+};
+
+// ============================================================================
+// bottom_up_enumerator - the main bottom-up term enumeration engine
+// ============================================================================
+
+
+class bottom_up_enumerator {
+public:
+    bottom_up_enumerator(grammar& grammar)
+        : m_grammar(grammar), m(grammar.mgr()), 
+          m_bank(grammar.mgr()), m_pending(grammar.mgr()), m_rewriter(grammar.mgr())
+    {}
+
+    void set_target_sort(sort *s) {
+        m_target_sort = s;
+    }
+    bool has_next() {
+        if (m_pending) return true;
+        m_pending = find_next();
+        return m_pending != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref next() {
+        if (!m_pending)
+            m_pending = find_next();
+        expr_ref result(m_pending, m);
+        m_pending = nullptr;
+        return result;
+    }   
+
+    term_bank const& bank() const { return m_bank; }
+
+    std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const {
+        m_grammar.display(out);
+        return m_bank.display(out);
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        m_cost = 0;
+        m_leaf_idx = 0;
+        m_op_idx = 0;
+        m_state = State::Leaves;
+        m_bank.reset();
+        m_pending = nullptr;
+        m_rewriter.reset();
+        m_seen_terms.reset();
+        m_children_iter.reset();
+    }
+
+    expr* add_term(expr_ref const& term, unsigned cost) {
+        expr_ref simplified(m);
+        m_rewriter(term, simplified);
+        if (m_seen_terms.contains(simplified))
+            return nullptr;
+        IF_VERBOSE(10, verbose_stream() << "add " << simplified << "\n");
+        m_seen_terms.insert(simplified);
+        m_bank.add(simplified, cost);
+        return simplified;
+    }
+
+private:
+    enum class State { Leaves, Operators, Done };
+
+    grammar& m_grammar;
+    ast_manager& m;
+    term_bank m_bank;
+    unsigned m_cost = 0;
+    unsigned m_leaf_idx = 0;
+    unsigned m_op_idx = 0;
+    unsigned m_bank_idx = 0;
+    unsigned m_bank_size = 0;
+    bool m_made_progress = false;   
+    uint_set m_sorts_produced;
+    State m_state = State::Leaves;
+    expr_ref m_pending;
+    th_rewriter m_rewriter;
+    obj_hashtable<expr> m_seen_terms;
+    std::unique_ptr<children_iterator> m_children_iter;
+    sort *m_target_sort = nullptr;
+
+    bool sort_matches(expr* e) const {
+        return !m_target_sort || e->get_sort() == m_target_sort;
+    }
+
+    expr* find_next() {
+        while (true) {
+            if (m.limit().is_canceled()) {
+                m_state = State::Done;
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            switch (m_state) {
+            case State::Leaves:
+                while (m_leaf_idx < m_grammar.leaves().size()) {
+                    production const &prod = *m_grammar.leaves()[m_leaf_idx];
+                    m_leaf_idx++;
+                    expr_ref_vector empty_args(m);
+                    expr_ref term = prod.builder(empty_args);
+                    expr* r = add_term(term, 0);
+                    if (r && sort_matches(r)) 
+                        return r;                    
+                }
+                m_state = State::Operators;
+                m_cost = 1;
+                m_op_idx = 0;
+                m_bank_idx = 0;
+                m_bank_size = get_bank_size();      
+                m_made_progress = false;
+                m_sorts_produced.reset();
+                m_children_iter.reset();
+                break;
+
+            case State::Operators: {
+                expr* result = enumerate_operators();
+                if (result) 
+                    return result;
+                
+                m_cost++;
+                m_op_idx = 0;
+                m_bank_idx = 0;
+                m_bank_size = get_bank_size();
+                m_children_iter.reset();
+                if (!m_made_progress && !m_bank.is_productive(m_cost, m_sorts_produced)) {
+                    m_state = State::Done;
+                    return nullptr;
+                }
+                if (m_sorts_produced.contains(m_target_sort->get_small_id())) 
+                    m_sorts_produced.reset();                
+                m_made_progress = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            case State::Done:
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsigned get_bank_size() const {
+        auto const &terms = m_bank.get_by_cost_and_sort(m_cost, m_target_sort);
+        return terms.size();
+    }
+
+    expr *enumerate_operators() {
+        auto const &ops = m_grammar.operators();
+        while (true) {
+            if (m.limit().is_canceled())
+                return nullptr;
+
+            // first find terms at m_cost that were already created
+            if (m_bank_idx < m_bank_size) {
+                auto const &terms = m_bank.get_by_cost_and_sort(m_cost, m_target_sort);
+                auto t = terms.get(m_bank_idx);
+                m_bank_idx++;
+                SASSERT(sort_matches(t));
+                return t;                
+            }
+
+            // then create new terms using children at cost below current m_cost.
+            if (m_children_iter && m_children_iter->has_next(m_cost)) {
+                unsigned new_cost = 0;
+                expr_ref_vector children = m_children_iter->next(new_cost);
+                production const &prod = *ops[m_op_idx - 1];
+                expr_ref term = prod.builder(children);
+                // IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << term << "\n");
+                SASSERT(new_cost >= m_cost);
+                expr* r = add_term(term, new_cost);
+                if (!r)
+                    continue;
+                unsigned sort_id = r->get_sort()->get_small_id();
+                if (!m_sorts_produced.contains(sort_id))
+                    m_made_progress = true;
+                m_sorts_produced.insert(sort_id);
+                if (sort_matches(r) && new_cost == m_cost) {
+                    return r;
+                }                
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (m_op_idx >= ops.size())                 
+                return nullptr;
+            
+            production const &prod = *ops[m_op_idx];
+            m_op_idx++;
+            m_children_iter = std::make_unique<children_iterator>(m, prod, m_bank, m_cost);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace term_enum
+
+// ============================================================================
+// term_enumeration public interface implementation
+// ============================================================================
+
+struct term_enumeration::imp {
+    ast_manager&                  m;
+    term_enum::grammar            m_grammar;
+    term_enum::bottom_up_enumerator         m_bottom_up_enumerator;
+    std::function<unsigned(expr*)> m_cost;
+
+    imp(ast_manager& m) :
+        m(m), m_grammar(m), m_bottom_up_enumerator(m_grammar) {}
+
+    void add_production(func_decl* f) {
+        m_grammar.add_func_decl(f);
+    }
+
+    void add_production(expr* e) {
+        m_grammar.add_expr(e);
+    }
+
+    void set_cost(std::function<unsigned(expr*)> const& cost) {
+        // TODO
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const {
+        return m_bottom_up_enumerator.display(out);
+    }
+};
+
+// -- iterator implementation --
+
+struct term_enumeration::iterator::iter_imp {
+    imp&                    m_imp;
+    ast_manager &           m;
+    sort*                   m_sort;
+    unsigned                m_cost = 0;
+    unsigned                m_idx = 0;
+    vector<expr_ref_vector> m_levels;
+    expr_ref                m_current;
+    bool                    m_end;
+    vector<expr_ref_vector> m_vars;
+    vector<ptr_vector<sort>> m_decls;
+    vector<vector<symbol>> m_names;
+
+    iter_imp(imp& i, sort* s) : m_imp(i), m(i.m), m_sort(s), m_current(i.m), m_end(false) {  
+        m_imp.m_bottom_up_enumerator.reset();
+        init_sort();
+        advance();
+    }
+    
+    // Sentinel constructor
+    iter_imp(imp& i) :
+        m_imp(i), m(i.m), m_sort(nullptr), m_current(i.m), m_end(true) {
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+
+    void init_sort() {
+        array_util autil(m);
+        sort *range = m_sort;
+
+        while (autil.is_array(range)) {
+            m_vars.push_back(expr_ref_vector(m));
+            m_decls.push_back(ptr_vector<sort>());
+            m_names.push_back(vector<symbol>());
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < get_array_arity(range); ++i) {
+                m_decls.back().push_back(get_array_domain(range, i));
+                m_vars.back().push_back(nullptr);
+                m_names.back().push_back(symbol());
+            }
+
+            expr_ref_vector args(m);
+            args.push_back(m.mk_const("a", range));
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_decls.back().size(); ++i) {
+                args.push_back(m.mk_var(i, m_decls.back().get(i)));
+            }
+            app_ref sel(autil.mk_select(args), m);
+            m_imp.m_grammar.add_func_decl(sel->get_decl());
+            
+            range = get_array_range(range);
+        }
+        unsigned n = 0;
+        for (unsigned i = m_decls.size(); i-- > 0;) {
+            for (unsigned j = m_decls[i].size(); j-- > 0;) {
+                m_vars[i][j] = m.mk_var(n, m_decls[i][j]);
+                m_names[i][j] = symbol(n);
+                m_imp.add_production(m_vars[i].get(j));
+                n++;
+            }
+        }
+        m_sort = range;
+        m_imp.m_bottom_up_enumerator.set_target_sort(range);
+    }
+    
+    void mk_lambda() {
+        if (!m_current)
+            return;
+        for (unsigned i = m_decls.size(); i-- > 0;)
+            m_current = m.mk_lambda(m_decls[i].size(), m_decls[i].data(), m_names[i].data(), m_current);
+    }
+
+    void advance() {
+        if (m_end) 
+            return;
+        m_current = m_imp.m_bottom_up_enumerator.next();
+        SASSERT(!m_current || m_current->get_sort() == m_sort);
+        mk_lambda();
+        if (!m_current)
+            m_end = true;
+    }
+};
+
+term_enumeration::iterator::iterator(imp& i, sort* s) {
+    m_imp = alloc(iter_imp, i, s);
+}
+
+term_enumeration::iterator::iterator(std::nullptr_t) {
+    m_imp = nullptr;
+}
+
+term_enumeration::iterator::~iterator() {
+    dealloc(m_imp);
+}
+
+expr* term_enumeration::iterator::operator*() {
+    return m_imp ? m_imp->m_current.get() : nullptr;
+}
+
+term_enumeration::iterator& term_enumeration::iterator::operator++() {
+    if (m_imp) m_imp->advance();
+    return *this;
+}
+
+term_enumeration::iterator term_enumeration::iterator::operator++(int) {
+    iterator tmp(*this);
+    ++(*this);
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+bool term_enumeration::iterator::operator==(iterator const& other) const {
+    if (!m_imp && !other.m_imp) return true;
+    if (!m_imp) return other.m_imp->m_end;
+    if (!other.m_imp) return m_imp->m_end;
+    return m_imp->m_end == other.m_imp->m_end &&
+           m_imp->m_current == other.m_imp->m_current;
+}
+
+// -- terms implementation --
+
+term_enumeration::terms::terms(imp* i, sort* s) : m_imp(i), m_sort(s) {}
+
+term_enumeration::iterator term_enumeration::terms::begin() {
+    return iterator(*m_imp, m_sort);
+}
+
+term_enumeration::iterator term_enumeration::terms::end() {
+    return iterator(nullptr);
+}
+
+// -- term_enumeration implementation --
+
+term_enumeration::term_enumeration(ast_manager& m) {
+    m_imp = alloc(imp, m);
+}
+
+term_enumeration::~term_enumeration() {
+    dealloc(m_imp);
+}
+
+void term_enumeration::add_production(func_decl* f) {
+    m_imp->add_production(f);
+}
+
+void term_enumeration::add_production(expr* e) {
+    m_imp->add_production(e);
+}
+
+void term_enumeration::set_cost(std::function<unsigned(expr*)> const& cost) {
+    m_imp->set_cost(cost);
+}
+
+term_enumeration::terms term_enumeration::enum_terms(sort* s) {
+    return terms(m_imp, s);
+}
+
+std::ostream& term_enumeration::display(std::ostream& out) const {
+    return m_imp->display(out);
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.h b/src/ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..865b8d4021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include <functional>
+
+class term_enumeration {
+    struct imp;
+    imp* m_imp;
+public:
+    term_enumeration(ast_manager& m);
+    ~term_enumeration();
+
+    void add_production(func_decl* f);
+    void add_production(expr* e);
+    // void add_production(sort *s, std::function<expr *()> g);
+
+    // cost function associated with expressions.
+    // terms are enumerated with increasing cost.
+
+    void set_cost(std::function<unsigned(expr*)> const& cost);
+
+    class iterator {
+        struct iter_imp;
+        iter_imp* m_imp;
+    public:
+        iterator(imp& i, sort* s);
+        iterator(std::nullptr_t);
+        ~iterator();
+        expr* operator*();
+        iterator operator++(int);
+        iterator& operator++();
+        bool operator!=(iterator const& other) const {
+            return !(*this == other);
+        }
+        bool operator==(iterator const &other) const;
+    };
+
+    class terms {
+        imp* m_imp;
+        sort* m_sort;
+    public:
+        terms(imp* i, sort* s);
+        iterator begin();
+        iterator end();
+    };
+
+    terms enum_terms(sort* s);
+
+    std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.cpp b/src/ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.cpp
index e5d52ce5a1..e4047a4f61 100644
--- a/src/ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "ast/rewriter/pb_rewriter.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/recfun_rewriter.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/var_subst.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/der.h"
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
     seq_rewriter        m_seq_rw;
     char_rewriter       m_char_rw;
     recfun_rewriter     m_rec_rw;
+    finite_set_rewriter m_fs_rw;
     arith_util          m_a_util;
     bv_util             m_bv_util;
     der                 m_der;
@@ -230,6 +232,8 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
             return m_char_rw.mk_app_core(f, num, args, result);
         if (fid == m_rec_rw.get_fid())
             return m_rec_rw.mk_app_core(f, num, args, result);
+        if (fid == m_fs_rw.get_fid())
+            return m_fs_rw.mk_app_core(f, num, args, result);
         return BR_FAILED;
     }
 
@@ -685,6 +689,8 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
             st = m_ar_rw.mk_eq_core(a, b, result);
         else if (s_fid == m_seq_rw.get_fid())
             st = m_seq_rw.mk_eq_core(a, b, result);
+        else if (s_fid == m_fs_rw.get_fid())
+            st = m_fs_rw.mk_eq_core(a, b, result);
         if (st != BR_FAILED)
             return st;
         st = extended_bv_eq(a, b, result);
@@ -761,6 +767,62 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
     }
 
 
+    // Distribute a quantifier over the top-level boolean connective of its body:
+    //   forall x . (A /\ B)   -->  (forall x. A) /\ (forall x. B)
+    //   forall x . ~(A \/ B)  -->  (forall x. ~A) /\ (forall x. ~B)
+    //   exists x . (A \/ B)   -->  (exists x. A) \/ (exists x. B)
+    //   exists x . ~(A /\ B)  -->  (exists x. ~A) \/ (exists x. ~B)
+    // Each rule is a validity, and the distributed sub-quantifiers give the
+    // e-matching engine finer-grained instantiation targets.
+    bool distribute_quantifier(quantifier * old_q, expr * new_body, expr_ref & result) {
+        if (old_q->get_kind() == lambda_k)
+            return false;
+        if (old_q->has_patterns())
+            return false;
+        bool is_forall = old_q->get_kind() == forall_k;
+        expr_ref_vector args(m());
+        expr * arg = nullptr;
+        if (is_forall) {
+            if (m().is_and(new_body))
+                args.append(to_app(new_body)->get_num_args(), to_app(new_body)->get_args());
+            else if (m().is_not(new_body, arg) && m().is_or(arg))
+                for (expr * e : *to_app(arg))
+                    args.push_back(m().mk_not(e));
+            else
+                return false;
+        }
+        else {
+            if (m().is_or(new_body))
+                args.append(to_app(new_body)->get_num_args(), to_app(new_body)->get_args());
+            else if (m().is_not(new_body, arg) && m().is_and(arg))
+                for (expr * e : *to_app(arg))
+                    args.push_back(m().mk_not(e));
+            else
+                return false;
+        }
+        if (args.size() < 2)
+            return false;
+        expr_ref_vector quants(m());
+        for (expr * a : args) {
+            quantifier_ref sub(m());
+            sub = m().mk_quantifier(old_q->get_kind(),
+                                    old_q->get_num_decls(),
+                                    old_q->get_decl_sorts(),
+                                    old_q->get_decl_names(),
+                                    a,
+                                    old_q->get_weight(),
+                                    old_q->get_qid(),
+                                    old_q->get_skid(),
+                                    0, nullptr, 0, nullptr);
+            quants.push_back(m_elim_unused_vars(sub));
+        }
+        if (is_forall)
+            result = m().mk_and(quants);
+        else
+            result = m().mk_or(quants);
+        return true;
+    }
+
     bool reduce_quantifier(quantifier * old_q,
                            expr * new_body,
                            expr * const * new_patterns,
@@ -808,6 +870,20 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
             }
             return true;
         }
+        else if (old_q->get_kind() == lambda_k &&
+                 BR_DONE == m_ar_rw.mk_lambda_core(old_q, new_body, result)) {
+            // array eta-reduction: (lambda (x*) (select a x*)) --> a
+            if (m().proofs_enabled()) {
+                result_pr = m().mk_rewrite(old_q, result);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (distribute_quantifier(old_q, new_body, result)) {
+            if (m().proofs_enabled()) {
+                result_pr = m().mk_rewrite(old_q, result);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
         else {
             ptr_buffer<expr> new_patterns_buf;
             ptr_buffer<expr> new_no_patterns_buf;
@@ -883,7 +959,8 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
         m_pb_rw(m),
         m_seq_rw(m, p),
         m_char_rw(m),
-        m_rec_rw(m),
+        m_rec_rw(m), 
+        m_fs_rw(m),
         m_a_util(m),
         m_bv_util(m),
         m_der(m),
diff --git a/src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.cpp b/src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.cpp
index 634ced5c9b..75949316a0 100644
--- a/src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.cpp
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ void seq_decl_plugin::init() {
     m_sigs[OP_RE_UNION]      = alloc(psig, m, "re.union",     1, 2, reAreA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_RE_INTERSECT]  = alloc(psig, m, "re.inter",     1, 2, reAreA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_RE_DIFF]       = alloc(psig, m, "re.diff",      1, 2, reAreA, reA);
+    m_sigs[OP_RE_XOR]        = alloc(psig, m, "re.xor",       1, 2, reAreA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_RE_LOOP]           = alloc(psig, m, "re.loop",    1, 1, &reA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_RE_POWER]          = alloc(psig, m, "re.^", 1, 1, &reA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_RE_COMPLEMENT]     = alloc(psig, m, "re.comp", 1, 1, &reA, reA);
@@ -239,7 +240,6 @@ void seq_decl_plugin::init() {
     m_sigs[OP_RE_OF_PRED]        = alloc(psig, m, "re.of.pred", 1, 1, &predA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_RE_REVERSE]        = alloc(psig, m, "re.reverse", 1, 1, &reA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_RE_DERIVATIVE]     = alloc(psig, m, "re.derivative", 1, 2, AreA, reA);
-    m_sigs[_OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION] = alloc(psig, m, "re.union", 1, 2, reAreA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_SEQ_TO_RE]         = alloc(psig, m, "seq.to.re",  1, 1, &seqA, reA);
     m_sigs[OP_SEQ_IN_RE]         = alloc(psig, m, "seq.in.re", 1, 2, seqAreA, boolT);
     m_sigs[OP_SEQ_REPLACE_RE_ALL] = alloc(psig, m, "str.replace_re_all", 1, 3, seqAreAseqA, seqA);
@@ -411,7 +411,6 @@ func_decl* seq_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, p
     case OP_RE_COMPLEMENT:
     case OP_RE_REVERSE:
     case OP_RE_DERIVATIVE:
-    case _OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION:
         m_has_re = true;
         Z3_fallthrough;   
     case OP_SEQ_UNIT:
@@ -421,7 +420,7 @@ func_decl* seq_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, p
     case OP_STRING_LE:
     case OP_STRING_IS_DIGIT:
     case OP_STRING_TO_CODE:
-    case OP_STRING_FROM_CODE:
+    case OP_STRING_FROM_CODE:        
         match(*m_sigs[k], arity, domain, range, rng);
         return m.mk_func_decl(m_sigs[k]->m_name, arity, domain, rng, func_decl_info(m_family_id, k));
 
@@ -507,6 +506,7 @@ func_decl* seq_decl_plugin::mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, p
     case OP_RE_CONCAT:
     case OP_RE_INTERSECT:
     case OP_RE_DIFF:
+    case OP_RE_XOR:
         m_has_re = true;
         return mk_left_assoc_fun(k, arity, domain, range, k, k);
 
@@ -1206,6 +1206,17 @@ app* seq_util::rex::mk_of_pred(expr* p) {
     return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_OF_PRED, 0, nullptr, 1, &p);
 }
 
+app* seq_util::rex::mk_range(sort* re_sort, unsigned lo, unsigned hi) {
+    if (lo > hi)
+        return mk_empty(re_sort);
+    if (lo == 0 && hi == u.max_char())
+        return mk_full_char(re_sort);
+    app* lo_str = u.str.mk_string(zstring(lo));
+    if (lo == hi)
+        return mk_to_re(lo_str);
+    return mk_range(lo_str, u.str.mk_string(zstring(hi)));
+}
+
 bool seq_util::rex::is_loop(expr const* n, expr*& body, unsigned& lo, unsigned& hi) const {
     if (is_loop(n)) {
         app const* a = to_app(n);
@@ -1434,7 +1445,7 @@ std::ostream& seq_util::rex::pp::print(std::ostream& out, expr* e) const {
         print(out, r1);
         print(out, r2);
     }
-    else if (re.is_antimirov_union(e, r1, r2) || re.is_union(e, r1, r2)) {
+    else if (re.is_union(e, r1, r2)) {
         out << "(";
         print(out, r1);
         out << (html_encode ? "&#x22C3;" : "|");
@@ -1513,6 +1524,13 @@ std::ostream& seq_util::rex::pp::print(std::ostream& out, expr* e) const {
         print(out, r2);
         out << ")";
     }
+    else if (re.is_xor(e, r1, r2)) {
+        out << "(";
+        print(out, r1);
+        out << ")XOR(";
+        print(out, r2);
+        out << ")";
+    }
     else if (re.m.is_ite(e, s, r1, r2)) {
         out << (html_encode ? "(&#x1D422;&#x1D41F; " : "(if ");
         print(out, s);
@@ -1653,21 +1671,29 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::mk_info_rec(app* e) const {
     if (e->get_family_id() == u.get_family_id()) {
         switch (e->get_decl()->get_decl_kind()) {
         case OP_RE_EMPTY_SET:
-            return info(true, l_false, UINT_MAX);
+            return info(true, l_false, UINT_MAX, false);
         case OP_RE_FULL_SEQ_SET:
-            return info(true, l_true, 0);
+            return info(true, l_true, 0, true);
         case OP_RE_STAR:
             i1 = get_info_rec(e->get_arg(0));
             return i1.star();
         case OP_RE_OPTION:
             i1 = get_info_rec(e->get_arg(0));
             return i1.opt();
-        case OP_RE_RANGE: 
+        case OP_RE_RANGE: {
+            // A concrete range [lo, hi] with lo <= hi is non-empty and classical.
+            zstring slo, shi;
+            if (u.str.is_string(e->get_arg(0), slo) && slo.length() == 1 &&
+                u.str.is_string(e->get_arg(1), shi) && shi.length() == 1 &&
+                slo[0] <= shi[0])
+                return info(true, l_false, 1, true);
+            // Symbolic or unknown: not classical
+            return info(true, l_false, 1, false);
+        }
         case OP_RE_FULL_CHAR_SET:
         case OP_RE_OF_PRED:
             //TBD: check if the character predicate contains uninterpreted symbols or is nonground or is unsat
-            //TBD: check if the range is unsat
-            return info(true, l_false, 1);
+            return info(true, l_false, 1, false);
         case OP_RE_CONCAT:
             i1 = get_info_rec(e->get_arg(0));
             i2 = get_info_rec(e->get_arg(1));
@@ -1684,7 +1710,7 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::mk_info_rec(app* e) const {
             min_length = u.str.min_length(e->get_arg(0));
             is_value = m.is_value(e->get_arg(0));
             nullable = (is_value && min_length == 0 ? l_true : (min_length > 0 ? l_false : l_undef));
-            return info(is_value, nullable, min_length);
+            return info(is_value, nullable, min_length, true);
         case OP_RE_REVERSE:
             return get_info_rec(e->get_arg(0));
         case OP_RE_PLUS:
@@ -1704,6 +1730,10 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::mk_info_rec(app* e) const {
             i1 = get_info_rec(e->get_arg(0));
             i2 = get_info_rec(e->get_arg(1));
             return i1.diff(i2);
+        case OP_RE_XOR:
+            i1 = get_info_rec(e->get_arg(0));
+            i2 = get_info_rec(e->get_arg(1));
+            return i1.xor_(i2);
         }
         return unknown_info;
     }
@@ -1720,7 +1750,8 @@ std::ostream& seq_util::rex::info::display(std::ostream& out) const {
     if (is_known()) {
         out << "info("
             << "nullable=" << (nullable == l_true ? "T" : (nullable == l_false ? "F" : "U")) << ", "
-            << "min_length=" << min_length << ")";
+            << "min_length=" << min_length << ", "
+            << "classical=" << (classical ? "T" : "F") << ")";
     }
     else if (is_valid())
         out << "UNKNOWN";
@@ -1740,13 +1771,13 @@ std::string seq_util::rex::info::str() const {
 
 seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::star() const {
     //if is_known() is false then all mentioned properties will remain false
-    return seq_util::rex::info(interpreted, l_true, 0);
+    return seq_util::rex::info(interpreted, l_true, 0, classical);
 }
 
 seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::plus() const {
     if (is_known()) {
         //plus never occurs in a normalized regex
-        return info(interpreted, nullable, min_length);
+        return info(interpreted, nullable, min_length, classical);
     }
     else
         return *this;
@@ -1755,14 +1786,14 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::plus() const {
 seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::opt() const {
     // if is_known() is false then all mentioned properties will remain false
     // optional construct never occurs in a normalized regex
-    return seq_util::rex::info(interpreted, l_true, 0);
+    return seq_util::rex::info(interpreted, l_true, 0, classical);
 }
 
 seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::complement() const {
     if (is_known()) {
         lbool compl_nullable = (nullable == l_true ? l_false : (nullable == l_false ? l_true : l_undef));
         unsigned compl_min_length = (compl_nullable == l_false ? 1 : 0);
-        return info(interpreted, compl_nullable, compl_min_length);
+        return info(interpreted, compl_nullable, compl_min_length, false);
     }
     else
         return *this;
@@ -1776,7 +1807,8 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::concat(seq_util::rex::info const& rhs,
                 m = UINT_MAX;
             return info(interpreted && rhs.interpreted,
                 ((nullable == l_false || rhs.nullable == l_false) ? l_false : ((nullable == l_true && rhs.nullable == l_true) ? l_true : l_undef)),
-                m);
+                m,
+                classical && rhs.classical);
         }
         else
             return rhs;
@@ -1790,7 +1822,8 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::disj(seq_util::rex::info const& rhs) co
         //works correctly if one of the arguments is unknown
         return info(interpreted && rhs.interpreted,
             ((nullable == l_true || rhs.nullable == l_true) ? l_true : ((nullable == l_false && rhs.nullable == l_false) ? l_false : l_undef)),
-            std::min(min_length, rhs.min_length));
+            std::min(min_length, rhs.min_length),
+            classical && rhs.classical);
     }
     else
         return rhs;
@@ -1801,7 +1834,8 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::conj(seq_util::rex::info const& rhs) co
         if (rhs.is_known()) {
             return info(interpreted && rhs.interpreted,
                 ((nullable == l_true && rhs.nullable == l_true) ? l_true : ((nullable == l_false || rhs.nullable == l_false) ? l_false : l_undef)),
-                std::max(min_length, rhs.min_length));
+                std::max(min_length, rhs.min_length),
+                false);
         }
         else
             return rhs;
@@ -1815,7 +1849,27 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::diff(seq_util::rex::info const& rhs) co
         if (rhs.is_known()) {
             return info(interpreted & rhs.interpreted,
                 ((nullable == l_true && rhs.nullable == l_false) ? l_true : ((nullable == l_false || rhs.nullable == l_false) ? l_false : l_undef)),
-                std::max(min_length, rhs.min_length));
+                std::max(min_length, rhs.min_length),
+                false);
+        }
+        else
+            return rhs;
+    }
+    else
+        return *this;
+}
+
+seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::xor_(seq_util::rex::info const& rhs) const {
+    if (is_known()) {
+        if (rhs.is_known()) {
+            // Null(p XOR q) = Null(p) XOR Null(q)
+            lbool xor_nullable = l_undef;
+            if (nullable != l_undef && rhs.nullable != l_undef)
+                xor_nullable = (nullable == rhs.nullable) ? l_false : l_true;
+            return info(interpreted & rhs.interpreted,
+                xor_nullable,
+                0,
+                false);
         }
         else
             return rhs;
@@ -1832,7 +1886,8 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::orelse(seq_util::rex::info const& i) co
             // TBD: whether ite is interpreted or not depends on whether the condition is interpreted and both branches are interpreted
             return info(false,
                 ((nullable == l_true && i.nullable == l_true) ? l_true : ((nullable == l_false && i.nullable == l_false) ? l_false : l_undef)),
-                std::min(min_length, i.min_length));
+                std::min(min_length, i.min_length),
+                classical && i.classical);
         }
         else
             return i;
@@ -1848,7 +1903,7 @@ seq_util::rex::info seq_util::rex::info::loop(unsigned lower, unsigned upper) co
         if (m > 0 && (m < min_length || m < lower))
             m = UINT_MAX;
         lbool loop_nullable = (nullable == l_true || lower == 0 ? l_true : nullable);
-        return info(interpreted, loop_nullable, m);
+        return info(interpreted, loop_nullable, m, classical);
     }
     else
         return *this;
@@ -1863,6 +1918,7 @@ seq_util::rex::info& seq_util::rex::info::operator=(info const& other) {
     interpreted = other.interpreted;
     nullable = other.nullable;
     min_length = other.min_length;
+    classical = other.classical;
     return *this;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.h b/src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.h
index 78ad6d5445..9de2c01525 100644
--- a/src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.h
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ enum seq_op_kind {
     OP_RE_UNION,
     OP_RE_DIFF,
     OP_RE_INTERSECT,
+    OP_RE_XOR,
     OP_RE_LOOP,
     OP_RE_POWER,
     OP_RE_COMPLEMENT,
@@ -107,7 +108,6 @@ enum seq_op_kind {
     _OP_REGEXP_EMPTY,
     _OP_REGEXP_FULL_CHAR,
     _OP_RE_IS_NULLABLE,
-    _OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION, // Lifted union for antimirov-style derivatives
     _OP_SEQ_SKOLEM,
     LAST_SEQ_OP
 };
@@ -443,6 +443,8 @@ public:
             lbool nullable { l_undef };
             /* Lower bound  on the length of all accepted words. */
             unsigned min_length { 0 };
+            /* Classical regular expression: does not use complement, intersection, diff, or the empty language (fail). */
+            bool classical { true };
 
             /*
               Default constructor of invalid info.
@@ -459,11 +461,13 @@ public:
             */
             info(bool is_interpreted,
                 lbool is_nullable,
-                unsigned min_l) :
+                unsigned min_l,
+                bool is_classical) :
                 known(l_true), 
                 interpreted(is_interpreted),
                 nullable(is_nullable),
-                min_length(min_l) {}
+                min_length(min_l),
+                classical(is_classical) {}
 
             /*
               Appends a string representation of the info into the stream.
@@ -487,6 +491,7 @@ public:
             info disj(info const& rhs) const;
             info conj(info const& rhs) const; 
             info diff(info const& rhs) const;
+            info xor_(info const& rhs) const;
             info orelse(info const& rhs) const;
             info loop(unsigned lower, unsigned upper) const;
 
@@ -515,10 +520,13 @@ public:
         app* mk_to_re(expr* s) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_SEQ_TO_RE, 1, &s); }
         app* mk_in_re(expr* s, expr* r) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_SEQ_IN_RE, s, r); }
         app* mk_range(expr* s1, expr* s2) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_RANGE, s1, s2); }
+        // Smart constructor: returns re.empty / str.to_re / re.range based on lo vs hi.
+        app* mk_range(sort* re_sort, unsigned lo, unsigned hi);
         app* mk_concat(expr* r1, expr* r2) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_CONCAT, r1, r2); }
         app* mk_union(expr* r1, expr* r2) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_UNION, r1, r2); }
         app* mk_inter(expr* r1, expr* r2) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_INTERSECT, r1, r2); }
         app* mk_diff(expr* r1, expr* r2) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_DIFF, r1, r2); }
+        app* mk_xor(expr* r1, expr* r2) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_XOR, r1, r2); }
         app* mk_complement(expr* r) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_COMPLEMENT, r); }
         app* mk_star(expr* r) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_STAR, r); }
         app* mk_plus(expr* r) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_PLUS, r); }
@@ -535,13 +543,13 @@ public:
         app* mk_of_pred(expr* p);
         app* mk_reverse(expr* r) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_REVERSE, r); }
         app* mk_derivative(expr* ele, expr* r) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, OP_RE_DERIVATIVE, ele, r); }
-        app* mk_antimirov_union(expr* r1, expr* r2) { return m.mk_app(m_fid, _OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION, r1, r2); }
 
         bool is_to_re(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_SEQ_TO_RE); }
         bool is_concat(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_CONCAT); }
         bool is_union(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_UNION); }
         bool is_intersection(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_INTERSECT); }
         bool is_diff(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_DIFF); }
+        bool is_xor(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_XOR); }
         bool is_complement(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_COMPLEMENT); }
         bool is_star(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_STAR); }
         bool is_plus(expr const* n)    const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_PLUS); }
@@ -568,12 +576,12 @@ public:
         bool is_of_pred(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_OF_PRED); }
         bool is_reverse(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_REVERSE); }
         bool is_derivative(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, OP_RE_DERIVATIVE); }
-        bool is_antimirov_union(expr const* n) const { return is_app_of(n, m_fid, _OP_RE_ANTIMIROV_UNION); }
         MATCH_UNARY(is_to_re);
         MATCH_BINARY(is_concat);
         MATCH_BINARY(is_union);
         MATCH_BINARY(is_intersection);
         MATCH_BINARY(is_diff);
+        MATCH_BINARY(is_xor);
         MATCH_BINARY(is_range);
         MATCH_UNARY(is_complement);
         MATCH_UNARY(is_star);
@@ -582,7 +590,6 @@ public:
         MATCH_UNARY(is_of_pred);
         MATCH_UNARY(is_reverse);
         MATCH_BINARY(is_derivative);
-        MATCH_BINARY(is_antimirov_union);
         bool is_loop(expr const* n, expr*& body, unsigned& lo, unsigned& hi) const;
         bool is_loop(expr const* n, expr*& body, unsigned& lo) const;
         bool is_loop(expr const* n, expr*& body, expr*& lo, expr*& hi) const;
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/CMakeLists.txt b/src/ast/simplifiers/CMakeLists.txt
index d947011aea..c3dbfa9141 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 z3_add_component(simplifiers
   SOURCES
     bit_blaster.cpp
+    bv1_blaster.cpp
     bound_manager.cpp
     bound_propagator.cpp
     bound_simplifier.cpp
     bv_bounds_simplifier.cpp
+    bv_divrem_bounds.cpp
     bv_slice.cpp
     card2bv.cpp
     demodulator_simplifier.cpp
@@ -15,6 +17,8 @@ z3_add_component(simplifiers
     eliminate_predicates.cpp
     euf_completion.cpp
     extract_eqs.cpp
+    factor_simplifier.cpp
+    fold_unfold.cpp
     linear_equation.cpp
     max_bv_sharing.cpp
     model_reconstruction_trail.cpp
@@ -31,7 +35,9 @@ z3_add_component(simplifiers
     substitution
   TACTIC_HEADERS
     bit_blaster.h
+    bv1_blaster.h
     bit2int.h
+    blast_term_ite_simplifier.h
     elim_bounds.h
     elim_term_ite.h
     pull_nested_quantifiers.h
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/blast_term_ite_simplifier.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/blast_term_ite_simplifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..977b6c5869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/blast_term_ite_simplifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    blast_term_ite_simplifier.h
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-11-4
+
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
+#include "ast/scoped_proof.h"
+#include "params/tactic_params.hpp"
+
+
+class blast_term_ite_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+
+    struct rw_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
+        ast_manager&         m;
+        unsigned             m_num_fresh;
+        unsigned             m_max_steps;
+        unsigned             m_max_inflation;
+        unsigned             m_init_term_size;
+
+        rw_cfg(ast_manager& _m, params_ref const& p):
+            m(_m),
+            m_num_fresh(0),
+            m_max_steps(UINT_MAX),
+            m_max_inflation(UINT_MAX),
+            m_init_term_size(0) {
+            updt_params(p);
+        }
+
+        void updt_params(params_ref const& p) {
+            tactic_params tp(p);
+            m_max_steps     = p.get_uint("max_steps", tp.blast_term_ite_max_steps());
+            m_max_inflation = p.get_uint("max_inflation", tp.blast_term_ite_max_inflation());
+        }
+
+        bool max_steps_exceeded(unsigned num_steps) const {
+            return num_steps >= m_max_steps;
+        }
+
+        br_status mk_app_core(func_decl* f, unsigned num_args, expr* const* args, expr_ref& result) {
+            if (m.is_ite(f))
+                return BR_FAILED;
+            if (m_max_inflation < UINT_MAX &&
+                m_init_term_size > 0 &&
+                m_max_inflation * m_init_term_size < m_num_fresh)
+                return BR_FAILED;
+
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+                expr* c, *t, *e;
+                if (!m.is_bool(args[i]) && m.is_ite(args[i], c, t, e)) {
+                    TRACE(blast_term_ite, result = m.mk_app(f, num_args, args); tout << result << "\n";);
+                    expr_ref e1(m), e2(m);
+                    ptr_vector<expr> args1(num_args, args);
+                    args1[i] = t;
+                    e1 = m.mk_app(f, num_args, args1.data());
+                    if (m.are_equal(t, e)) {
+                        result = e1;
+                        return BR_REWRITE1;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        args1[i] = e;
+                        e2 = m.mk_app(f, num_args, args1.data());
+                        result = m.mk_ite(c, e1, e2);
+                        ++m_num_fresh;
+                        return BR_REWRITE3;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return BR_FAILED;
+        }
+
+        bool rewrite_patterns() const { return false; }
+
+        br_status reduce_app(func_decl* f, unsigned num, expr* const* args, expr_ref& result, proof_ref& result_pr) {
+            return mk_app_core(f, num, args, result);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct rw : public rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg> {
+        rw_cfg m_cfg;
+
+        rw(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p):
+            rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg>(m, m.proofs_enabled(), m_cfg),
+            m_cfg(m, p) {
+        }
+    };
+
+    rw m_rw;
+
+public:
+    blast_term_ite_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s):
+        dependent_expr_simplifier(m, s), m_rw(m, p) {}
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "blast-term-ite"; }
+
+    void reduce() override {
+        expr_ref new_fml(m);
+        proof_ref new_pr(m);
+        for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+            auto const& d = m_fmls[idx];
+            if (m_rw.m_cfg.m_max_inflation < UINT_MAX) {
+                m_rw.m_cfg.m_init_term_size = get_num_exprs(d.fml());
+                m_rw.m_cfg.m_num_fresh = 0;
+            }
+            m_rw(d.fml(), new_fml, new_pr);
+            if (d.fml() != new_fml)
+                m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_fml, mp(d.pr(), new_pr), d.dep()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void blast_term_ite(expr_ref& fml, unsigned max_inflation) {
+        ast_manager& m = fml.get_manager();
+        scoped_no_proof _sp(m);
+        params_ref p;
+        rw ite_rw(m, p);
+        ite_rw.m_cfg.m_max_inflation = max_inflation;
+        if (max_inflation < UINT_MAX)
+            ite_rw.m_cfg.m_init_term_size = get_num_exprs(fml);
+        try {
+            expr_ref tmp(m);
+            ite_rw(fml, tmp);
+            fml = tmp;
+        }
+        catch (z3_exception &) {
+            // max steps exceeded.
+        }
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/bound_propagator.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/bound_propagator.cpp
index 240ba7a98e..a73d81fb82 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/bound_propagator.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/bound_propagator.cpp
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ bool bound_propagator::relevant_bound(var x, double new_k) const {
     if (b == nullptr)
         return true; // variable did not have a bound
     
-    double interval_size;
+    double interval_size = 0.0;
     bool bounded = get_interval_size(x, interval_size);
 
     if (!is_int(x)) {
@@ -939,4 +939,3 @@ void bound_propagator::display(std::ostream & out) const {
 }
 
 
-
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/bv1_blaster.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/bv1_blaster.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e91b1795a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/bv1_blaster.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2011 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    bv1_blaster.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Simplifier for "blasting" bit-vectors of size n into bit-vectors of size 1.
+    This simplifier only supports concat and extract operators.
+    This transformation is useful for handling benchmarks that contain
+    many BV equalities.
+
+    Remark: other operators can be mapped into concat/extract by using
+    the simplifiers.
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo (leonardo) 2011-10-25
+
+--*/
+#include "ast/simplifiers/bv1_blaster.h"
+#include "ast/ast_util.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/bv_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_types.h"
+#include "util/common_msgs.h"
+
+bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::rw_cfg(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) :
+    m_manager(m),
+    m_util(m),
+    m_saved(m),
+    m_bit1(m),
+    m_bit0(m) {
+    m_bit1 = butil().mk_numeral(rational(1), 1);
+    m_bit0 = butil().mk_numeral(rational(0), 1);
+    updt_params(p);
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::updt_params(params_ref const& p) {
+    m_max_memory = megabytes_to_bytes(p.get_uint("max_memory", UINT_MAX));
+    m_max_steps  = p.get_uint("max_steps", UINT_MAX);
+}
+
+bool bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::max_steps_exceeded(unsigned num_steps) const {
+    if (memory::get_allocation_size() > m_max_memory)
+        throw rewriter_exception(Z3_MAX_MEMORY_MSG);
+    return num_steps > m_max_steps;
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::get_bits(expr* arg, bit_buffer& bits) {
+    SASSERT(butil().is_concat(arg) || butil().get_bv_size(arg) == 1);
+    if (butil().is_concat(arg))
+        bits.append(to_app(arg)->get_num_args(), to_app(arg)->get_args());
+    else
+        bits.push_back(arg);
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::mk_const(func_decl* f, expr_ref& result) {
+    SASSERT(f->get_family_id() == null_family_id);
+    SASSERT(f->get_arity() == 0);
+    expr* r;
+    if (m_const2bits.find(f, r)) {
+        result = r;
+        return;
+    }
+    sort* s = f->get_range();
+    SASSERT(butil().is_bv_sort(s));
+    unsigned bv_size = butil().get_bv_size(s);
+    if (bv_size == 1) {
+        result = m().mk_const(f);
+        return;
+    }
+    sort* b = butil().mk_sort(1);
+    ptr_buffer<expr> bits;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < bv_size; ++i) {
+        bits.push_back(m().mk_fresh_const(nullptr, b));
+        m_newbits.push_back(to_app(bits.back())->get_decl());
+        m_saved.push_back(m_newbits.back());
+    }
+    r = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
+    m_saved.push_back(r);
+    m_saved.push_back(f);
+    m_const2bits.insert(f, r);
+    result = r;
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::blast_bv_term(expr* t, expr_ref& result) {
+    bit_buffer bits;
+    unsigned bv_size = butil().get_bv_size(t);
+    if (bv_size == 1) {
+        result = t;
+        return;
+    }
+    unsigned i = bv_size;
+    while (i > 0) {
+        --i;
+        bits.push_back(butil().mk_extract(i, i, t));
+    }
+    result = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::reduce_eq(expr* arg1, expr* arg2, expr_ref& result) {
+    bit_buffer bits1;
+    bit_buffer bits2;
+    get_bits(arg1, bits1);
+    get_bits(arg2, bits2);
+    SASSERT(bits1.size() == bits2.size());
+    bit_buffer new_eqs;
+    unsigned i = bits1.size();
+    while (i > 0) {
+        --i;
+        new_eqs.push_back(m().mk_eq(bits1[i], bits2[i]));
+    }
+    result = mk_and(m(), new_eqs.size(), new_eqs.data());
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::reduce_ite(expr* c, expr* t, expr* e, expr_ref& result) {
+    bit_buffer t_bits;
+    bit_buffer e_bits;
+    get_bits(t, t_bits);
+    get_bits(e, e_bits);
+    SASSERT(t_bits.size() == e_bits.size());
+    bit_buffer new_ites;
+    unsigned num = t_bits.size();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+        new_ites.push_back(t_bits[i] == e_bits[i] ? t_bits[i] : m().mk_ite(c, t_bits[i], e_bits[i]));
+    result = butil().mk_concat(new_ites.size(), new_ites.data());
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::reduce_num(func_decl* f, expr_ref& result) {
+    SASSERT(f->get_num_parameters() == 2);
+    SASSERT(f->get_parameter(0).is_rational());
+    SASSERT(f->get_parameter(1).is_int());
+    bit_buffer bits;
+    rational v  = f->get_parameter(0).get_rational();
+    rational two(2);
+    unsigned sz = f->get_parameter(1).get_int();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+        if ((v % two).is_zero())
+            bits.push_back(m_bit0);
+        else
+            bits.push_back(m_bit1);
+        v = div(v, two);
+    }
+    std::reverse(bits.begin(), bits.end());
+    result = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::reduce_extract(func_decl* f, expr* arg, expr_ref& result) {
+    bit_buffer arg_bits;
+    get_bits(arg, arg_bits);
+    SASSERT(arg_bits.size() == butil().get_bv_size(arg));
+    unsigned high  = butil().get_extract_high(f);
+    unsigned low   = butil().get_extract_low(f);
+    unsigned sz    = arg_bits.size();
+    unsigned start = sz - 1 - high;
+    unsigned end   = sz - 1 - low;
+    bit_buffer bits;
+    for (unsigned i = start; i <= end; ++i)
+        bits.push_back(arg_bits[i]);
+    result = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::reduce_concat(unsigned num, expr* const* args, expr_ref& result) {
+    bit_buffer bits;
+    bit_buffer arg_bits;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+        expr* arg = args[i];
+        arg_bits.reset();
+        get_bits(arg, arg_bits);
+        bits.append(arg_bits.size(), arg_bits.data());
+    }
+    result = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::reduce_bin_xor(expr* arg1, expr* arg2, expr_ref& result) {
+    bit_buffer bits1;
+    bit_buffer bits2;
+    get_bits(arg1, bits1);
+    get_bits(arg2, bits2);
+    SASSERT(bits1.size() == bits2.size());
+    bit_buffer new_bits;
+    unsigned num = bits1.size();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+        new_bits.push_back(m().mk_ite(m().mk_eq(bits1[i], bits2[i]), m_bit0, m_bit1));
+    result = butil().mk_concat(new_bits.size(), new_bits.data());
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::reduce_xor(unsigned num_args, expr* const* args, expr_ref& result) {
+    SASSERT(num_args > 0);
+    if (num_args == 1) {
+        result = args[0];
+        return;
+    }
+    reduce_bin_xor(args[0], args[1], result);
+    for (unsigned i = 2; i < num_args; ++i)
+        reduce_bin_xor(result, args[i], result);
+}
+
+br_status bv1_blaster_simplifier::rw_cfg::reduce_app(func_decl* f, unsigned num, expr* const* args,
+                                                      expr_ref& result, proof_ref& result_pr) {
+    result_pr = nullptr;
+    if (num == 0 && f->get_family_id() == null_family_id && butil().is_bv_sort(f->get_range())) {
+        mk_const(f, result);
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+
+    if (m().is_eq(f)) {
+        SASSERT(num == 2);
+        if (butil().is_bv(args[0])) {
+            reduce_eq(args[0], args[1], result);
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+        return BR_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    if (m().is_ite(f)) {
+        SASSERT(num == 3);
+        if (butil().is_bv(args[1])) {
+            reduce_ite(args[0], args[1], args[2], result);
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+        return BR_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    if (f->get_family_id() == butil().get_family_id()) {
+        switch (f->get_decl_kind()) {
+        case OP_BV_NUM:
+            reduce_num(f, result);
+            return BR_DONE;
+        case OP_EXTRACT:
+            SASSERT(num == 1);
+            reduce_extract(f, args[0], result);
+            return BR_DONE;
+        case OP_CONCAT:
+            reduce_concat(num, args, result);
+            return BR_DONE;
+        case OP_BXOR:
+            reduce_xor(num, args, result);
+            return BR_DONE;
+        default:
+            return BR_FAILED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (butil().is_bv_sort(f->get_range())) {
+        blast_bv_term(m().mk_app(f, num, args), result);
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+
+    return BR_FAILED;
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::collect_param_descrs(param_descrs& r) {
+    insert_max_memory(r);
+    insert_max_steps(r);
+}
+
+void bv1_blaster_simplifier::reduce() {
+    auto& cfg = m_rw.cfg();
+    unsigned prev_bits = cfg.m_newbits.size();
+
+    expr_ref   new_curr(m);
+    proof_ref  new_pr(m);
+
+    for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+        auto const& d = m_fmls[idx];
+        m_rw(d.fml(), new_curr, new_pr);
+        if (d.fml() != new_curr)
+            m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_curr, mp(d.pr(), new_pr), d.dep()));
+    }
+
+    if (prev_bits == cfg.m_newbits.size())
+        return;
+
+    // Hide newly introduced bit variables in the model
+    for (unsigned i = prev_bits; i < cfg.m_newbits.size(); ++i)
+        m_fmls.model_trail().hide(cfg.m_newbits[i]);
+
+    // Push definitions for constants whose bits were just introduced
+    obj_hashtable<func_decl> new_bit_set;
+    for (unsigned i = prev_bits; i < cfg.m_newbits.size(); ++i)
+        new_bit_set.insert(cfg.m_newbits[i]);
+
+    for (auto const& [f, v] : cfg.m_const2bits) {
+        SASSERT(cfg.butil().is_concat(v));
+        func_decl* first = to_app(to_app(v)->get_arg(0))->get_decl();
+        if (new_bit_set.contains(first))
+            m_fmls.model_trail().push(f, v, nullptr, {});
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/bv1_blaster.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/bv1_blaster.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28666bbd24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/bv1_blaster.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2011 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    bv1_blaster.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Simplifier for "blasting" bit-vectors of size n into bit-vectors of size 1.
+    This simplifier only supports concat and extract operators.
+    This transformation is useful for handling benchmarks that contain
+    many BV equalities.
+
+    Remark: other operators can be mapped into concat/extract by using
+    the simplifiers.
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo (leonardo) 2011-10-25
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+#include "ast/bv_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
+#include "util/params.h"
+
+class bv1_blaster_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+
+    struct rw_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
+        ast_manager &             m_manager;
+        bv_util                   m_util;
+        obj_map<func_decl, expr*> m_const2bits;
+        ptr_vector<func_decl>     m_newbits;
+        ast_ref_vector            m_saved;
+        expr_ref                  m_bit1;
+        expr_ref                  m_bit0;
+        unsigned long long        m_max_memory;
+        unsigned                  m_max_steps;
+
+        ast_manager& m() const { return m_manager; }
+        bv_util& butil() { return m_util; }
+        bv_util const& butil() const { return m_util; }
+
+        void cleanup_buffers() { m_saved.finalize(); }
+
+        rw_cfg(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p);
+        void updt_params(params_ref const& p);
+        bool rewrite_patterns() const { return false; }
+        bool max_steps_exceeded(unsigned num_steps) const;
+
+        typedef ptr_buffer<expr, 128> bit_buffer;
+
+        void get_bits(expr* arg, bit_buffer& bits);
+        void mk_const(func_decl* f, expr_ref& result);
+        void blast_bv_term(expr* t, expr_ref& result);
+        void reduce_eq(expr* arg1, expr* arg2, expr_ref& result);
+        void reduce_ite(expr* c, expr* t, expr* e, expr_ref& result);
+        void reduce_num(func_decl* f, expr_ref& result);
+        void reduce_extract(func_decl* f, expr* arg, expr_ref& result);
+        void reduce_concat(unsigned num, expr* const* args, expr_ref& result);
+        void reduce_bin_xor(expr* arg1, expr* arg2, expr_ref& result);
+        void reduce_xor(unsigned num_args, expr* const* args, expr_ref& result);
+
+        br_status reduce_app(func_decl* f, unsigned num, expr* const* args,
+                             expr_ref& result, proof_ref& result_pr);
+
+        bool reduce_quantifier(quantifier* old_q, expr* new_body,
+                               expr* const* new_patterns, expr* const* new_no_patterns,
+                               expr_ref& result, proof_ref& result_pr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct rw : public rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg> {
+        rw_cfg m_cfg;
+        rw(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) :
+            rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg>(m, m.proofs_enabled(), m_cfg),
+            m_cfg(m, p) {}
+    };
+
+    rw m_rw;
+
+public:
+    bv1_blaster_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s)
+        : dependent_expr_simplifier(m, s), m_rw(m, p) {}
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "bv1-blast"; }
+    void updt_params(params_ref const& p) override { m_rw.cfg().updt_params(p); }
+    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs& r) override;
+    void reduce() override;
+};
+
+/*
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("bv1-blast", "reduce bit-vector expressions into bit-vectors of size 1 (notes: only equality, extract and concat are supported).", "alloc(bv1_blaster_simplifier, m, p, s)")
+*/
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c11f508251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    bv_divrem_bounds.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Simplifier that adds range/bound lemmas for bit-vector division and
+    remainder terms with a non-constant divisor. See bv_divrem_bounds.h.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner)
+
+--*/
+#include "ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.h"
+#include "ast/for_each_expr.h"
+
+namespace bv {
+
+    void divrem_bounds::reduce() {
+        expr_ref_vector targets(m), fmls(m), clause(m);
+        for (unsigned i : indices())
+            fmls.push_back(m_fmls[i].fml());
+        for (expr* e : subterms::ground(fmls))
+            if (m_util.is_bv_divrem(e))
+                targets.push_back(e);
+        for (expr* t : targets) {
+            m_util.mk_bv_divrem_bound(t, clause);
+            if (clause.empty())
+                continue;
+            expr_ref lemma(m.mk_or(clause), m);
+            // the lemma is a bit-vector theory axiom (valid with no premises)
+            proof_ref pr(m);
+            if (m.proofs_enabled())
+                pr = m.mk_th_lemma(m_util.get_fid(), lemma, 0, nullptr);
+            m_fmls.add(dependent_expr(m, lemma, pr, nullptr));
+            ++m_num_lemmas;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88c046e2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    bv_divrem_bounds.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Simplifier that adds range/bound lemmas for bit-vector division and
+    remainder terms with a non-constant divisor.
+
+    Bit-blasting a division circuit with a symbolic divisor hides the algebraic
+    fact that the remainder magnitude is bounded by the divisor magnitude. For a
+    divisor b that is not a numeral the following facts hold and are added as
+    (implied) lemmas so that a downstream bit-blasting + SAT solver can reason
+    about the magnitudes without unfolding the division circuit:
+
+        b != 0 => bvult (bvurem a b) b                 (unsigned remainder)
+        b != 0 => bvult |bvsrem a b| |b|               (signed remainder)
+        b != 0 => bvult |bvsmod a b| |b|               (signed modulo)
+        b != 0 => bvule (bvudiv a b) a                 (unsigned quotient)
+        b != 0 => bvule |bvsdiv a b| |a|               (signed quotient)
+
+    where |x| = ite(x <s 0, -x, x). These lemmas are logically implied by the
+    semantics of the operators for a non-zero divisor, so the transformation
+    preserves satisfiability and all models. The unsigned comparison on the
+    absolute values keeps the bounds sound at INT_MIN: -INT_MIN overflows to
+    INT_MIN whose unsigned value is the maximum magnitude, so the bound only
+    ever loosens, never becomes unsound.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner)
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/bv_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+
+namespace bv {
+
+    class divrem_bounds : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+        bv_util  m_util;
+        unsigned m_num_lemmas = 0;
+
+    public:
+        divrem_bounds(ast_manager& m, dependent_expr_state& fmls) :
+            dependent_expr_simplifier(m, fmls), m_util(m) {}
+
+        char const* name() const override { return "bv-divrem-bounds"; }
+
+        void reduce() override;
+
+        bool supports_proofs() const override { return true; }
+
+        void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const override {
+            st.update("bv-divrem-bounds", m_num_lemmas);
+        }
+
+        void reset_statistics() override { m_num_lemmas = 0; }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.cpp
index 9cfd8d1a06..1b9315466e 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.cpp
@@ -88,22 +88,6 @@ void dependent_expr_state::freeze_recfun() {
     m_num_recfun = sz;
 }
 
-/**
-* Freeze all functions used in lambda defined declarations
-*/
-void dependent_expr_state::freeze_lambda() {
-    auto& m = m_frozen_trail.get_manager();
-    unsigned sz = m.lambda_defs().size();
-    if (m_num_lambdas >= sz)
-        return;
-
-    ast_mark visited;
-    for (auto const& [f, body] : m.lambda_defs()) 
-        freeze_terms(body, false, visited);
-    m_trail.push(value_trail(m_num_lambdas));
-    m_num_lambdas = sz;
-}
-
 
 /**
 * The current qhead is to be updated to qtail. 
@@ -122,8 +106,7 @@ void dependent_expr_state::freeze_suffix() {
     if (m_suffix_frozen)
         return;
     m_suffix_frozen = true;
-    freeze_recfun();
-    freeze_lambda();
+    freeze_recfun();    
     auto& m = m_frozen_trail.get_manager();
     ast_mark visited;
     ptr_vector<expr> es;
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h
index f30671bef8..ed34d4a195 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h
@@ -45,13 +45,12 @@ Author:
 class dependent_expr_state {
     unsigned m_qhead = 0;
     bool     m_suffix_frozen = false;
-    unsigned m_num_recfun = 0, m_num_lambdas = 0;
+    unsigned m_num_recfun = 0;
     lbool    m_has_quantifiers = l_undef;
     ast_mark m_frozen;
     func_decl_ref_vector m_frozen_trail;
     void freeze_prefix();
     void freeze_recfun();
-    void freeze_lambda();
     void freeze_terms(expr* term, bool only_as_array, ast_mark& visited);
     void freeze(func_decl* f);
     struct thaw : public trail {
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/der_simplifier.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/der_simplifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c2c5703b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/der_simplifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2022 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    der_simplifier.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Dependent expression simplifier for destructive equality resolution (DER).
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2022-11-24
+
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/der.h"
+
+class der_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+    der_rewriter m_r;
+public:
+    der_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& fmls)
+        : dependent_expr_simplifier(m, fmls), m_r(m) {}
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "der"; }
+
+    void reduce() override {
+        expr_ref  new_curr(m);
+        proof_ref new_pr(m);
+        for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+            auto d = m_fmls[idx];
+            m_r(d.fml(), new_curr, new_pr);
+            m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_curr, mp(d.pr(), new_pr), d.dep()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool supports_proofs() const override { return true; }
+};
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/distribute_forall.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/distribute_forall.cpp
index c7cc6659aa..eb57038103 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/distribute_forall.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/distribute_forall.cpp
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@ void distribute_forall_simplifier::reduce() {
         if (r != d.fml())
             m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, r, mp(d.pr(), pr), d.dep()));
     }
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.cpp
index 974b37a009..c7742861b1 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Abstract:
      All variables x, y, z, .. can eventually be eliminated, but the tactic requires a global 
      analysis between each elimination. We address this by using reference counts and maintaining
      a heap of reference counts.
-   - it does not accomodate side constraints. The more general invertibility reduction methods, such 
+   - it does not accommodate side constraints. The more general invertibility reduction methods, such 
      as those introduced for bit-vectors use side constraints.
    - it is not modular: we detach the expression invertion routines to self-contained code.
 
@@ -116,12 +116,13 @@ eliminate:
 #include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/recfun_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/polymorphism_util.h"
 #include "ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.h"
 
 elim_unconstrained::elim_unconstrained(ast_manager& m, dependent_expr_state& fmls) :
     dependent_expr_simplifier(m, fmls), m_inverter(m), m_lt(*this), m_heap(1024, m_lt), m_trail(m), m_args(m) {
     std::function<bool(expr*)> is_var = [&](expr* e) {
-        return is_uninterp_const(e) && !m_fmls.frozen(e) && get_node(e).is_root() && get_node(e).num_parents() <= 1;
+        return is_uninterp_const(e) && !m_fmls.frozen(e) && !m_disabled.is_marked(e) && get_node(e).is_root() && get_node(e).num_parents() <= 1;
     };
     m_inverter.set_is_var(is_var);
 }
@@ -247,10 +248,12 @@ elim_unconstrained::node& elim_unconstrained::get_node(expr* t) {
                     m_heap.increased(arg->get_id());
             }
         }
-        else if (is_quantifier(t)) {            
-            node& ch = get_node(to_quantifier(t)->get_expr());
+        else if (is_quantifier(t)) {        
+            auto body = to_quantifier(t)->get_expr();
+            node& ch = get_node(body);
             SASSERT(ch.is_root());
             ch.add_parent(*n);
+            disable(body);
         }
     }
     return *n;
@@ -411,10 +414,9 @@ void elim_unconstrained::update_model_trail(generic_model_converter& mc, vector<
         case generic_model_converter::instruction::HIDE:
             break;
         case generic_model_converter::instruction::ADD:
-            //            new_def = entry.m_def;
-            // (*rp)(new_def);
-            new_def = m.mk_const(entry.m_f);
-            sub->insert(new_def, new_def, nullptr, nullptr);
+            new_def = entry.m_def;
+            (*rp)(new_def);
+            sub->insert(m.mk_const(entry.m_f), new_def, nullptr, nullptr);
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -424,6 +426,18 @@ void elim_unconstrained::update_model_trail(generic_model_converter& mc, vector<
 void elim_unconstrained::reduce() {
     if (!m_config.m_enabled)
         return;
+    // has_type_vars() is a manager-wide flag that is set as soon as any type variable is
+    // created, including the ones used to define polymorphic signatures of builtin plugins
+    // (e.g. finite_set) that never occur in the asserted formulas. Only bail out when the
+    // formulas actually contain type-variable typed terms, which this simplifier cannot invert.
+    if (m.has_type_vars()) {
+        polymorphism::util u(m);
+        for (unsigned i : indices()) {
+            auto [f, p, d] = m_fmls[i]();
+            if (u.has_type_vars(f))
+                return;
+        }
+    }
     generic_model_converter_ref mc = alloc(generic_model_converter, m, "elim-unconstrained");
     m_inverter.set_model_converter(mc.get());
     m_created_compound = true;
@@ -436,6 +450,7 @@ void elim_unconstrained::reduce() {
         assert_normalized(old_fmls);
         update_model_trail(*mc, old_fmls);
         mc->reset();        
+        m_disabled.reset();
     }
 }
 
@@ -443,3 +458,21 @@ void elim_unconstrained::updt_params(params_ref const& p) {
     smt_params_helper sp(p);
     m_config.m_enabled = sp.elim_unconstrained();
 }
+
+void elim_unconstrained::disable(expr* e) {
+    if (m_disabled.is_marked(e))
+        return;
+
+    ptr_buffer<expr> todo;
+    todo.push_back(e);
+    while (!todo.empty()) {
+        e = todo.back();
+        todo.pop_back();
+        if (m_disabled.is_marked(e))
+            continue;
+        m_disabled.mark(e);
+        if (is_app(e))
+            for (auto arg : *to_app(e))
+                todo.push_back(arg);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.h
index 4a248b44f0..4a946c191a 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.h
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/elim_unconstrained.h
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ class elim_unconstrained : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
     stats                    m_stats;
     config                   m_config;
     bool                     m_created_compound = false;
+    expr_mark m_disabled;
 
     bool is_var_lt(int v1, int v2) const;
     node& get_node(unsigned n) const { return *m_nodes[n]; }
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ class elim_unconstrained : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
     expr* reconstruct_term(node& n);
     void assert_normalized(vector<dependent_expr>& old_fmls);
     void update_model_trail(generic_model_converter& mc, vector<dependent_expr> const& old_fmls);
+    void disable(expr *e);
 
         
 public:
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/factor_simplifier.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/factor_simplifier.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f803ccb3f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/factor_simplifier.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    factor_simplifier.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Polynomial factorization simplifier.
+    Ported from factor_tactic.cpp by Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-02-03.
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/simplifiers/factor_simplifier.h"
+#include "ast/expr2polynomial.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
+#include "math/polynomial/polynomial.h"
+
+struct factor_simplifier::rw_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
+    ast_manager &               m;
+    arith_util                  m_util;
+    unsynch_mpq_manager         m_qm;
+    polynomial::manager         m_pm;
+    default_expr2polynomial     m_expr2poly;
+    polynomial::factor_params   m_fparams;
+    bool                        m_split_factors;
+
+    rw_cfg(ast_manager & _m, params_ref const & p):
+        m(_m),
+        m_util(_m),
+        m_pm(m.limit(), m_qm),
+        m_expr2poly(m, m_pm) {
+        updt_params(p);
+    }
+
+    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
+        m_split_factors = p.get_bool("split_factors", true);
+        m_fparams.updt_params(p);
+    }
+
+    expr * mk_mul(unsigned sz, expr * const * args) {
+        SASSERT(sz > 0);
+        if (sz == 1)
+            return args[0];
+        return m_util.mk_mul(sz, args);
+    }
+
+    expr * mk_zero_for(expr * arg) {
+        return m_util.mk_numeral(rational(0), m_util.is_int(arg));
+    }
+
+    // p1^k1 * p2^k2 = 0 --> p1*p2 = 0
+    void mk_eq(polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref & result) {
+        expr_ref_buffer args(m);
+        expr_ref arg(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
+            m_expr2poly.to_expr(fs[i], true, arg);
+            args.push_back(arg);
+        }
+        result = m.mk_eq(mk_mul(args.size(), args.data()), mk_zero_for(arg));
+    }
+
+    // p1^k1 * p2^k2 = 0 --> p1 = 0 or p2 = 0
+    void mk_split_eq(polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref & result) {
+        expr_ref_buffer args(m);
+        expr_ref arg(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
+            m_expr2poly.to_expr(fs[i], true, arg);
+            args.push_back(m.mk_eq(arg, mk_zero_for(arg)));
+        }
+        if (args.size() == 1)
+            result = args[0];
+        else
+            result = m.mk_or(args);
+    }
+
+    decl_kind flip(decl_kind k) {
+        SASSERT(k == OP_LT || k == OP_GT || k == OP_LE || k == OP_GE);
+        switch (k) {
+        case OP_LT: return OP_GT;
+        case OP_LE: return OP_GE;
+        case OP_GT: return OP_LT;
+        case OP_GE: return OP_LE;
+        default:
+            UNREACHABLE();
+            return k;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // p1^{2*k1} * p2^{2*k2 + 1} >=< 0
+    // -->
+    // (p1^2)*p2 >=<0
+    void mk_comp(decl_kind k, polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref & result) {
+        SASSERT(k == OP_LT || k == OP_GT || k == OP_LE || k == OP_GE);
+        expr_ref_buffer args(m);
+        expr_ref arg(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
+            m_expr2poly.to_expr(fs[i], true, arg);
+            if (fs.get_degree(i) % 2 == 0)
+                arg = m_util.mk_power(arg, m_util.mk_numeral(rational(2), m_util.is_int(arg)));
+            args.push_back(arg);
+        }
+        expr * lhs = mk_mul(args.size(), args.data());
+        result = m.mk_app(m_util.get_family_id(), k, lhs, mk_zero_for(lhs));
+    }
+
+    // See mk_split_strict_comp and mk_split_nonstrict_comp
+    void split_even_odd(bool strict, polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref_buffer & even_eqs, expr_ref_buffer & odd_factors) {
+        expr_ref arg(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
+            m_expr2poly.to_expr(fs[i], true, arg);
+            if (fs.get_degree(i) % 2 == 0) {
+                expr * eq = m.mk_eq(arg, mk_zero_for(arg));
+                if (strict)
+                    even_eqs.push_back(m.mk_not(eq));
+                else
+                    even_eqs.push_back(eq);
+            }
+            else {
+                odd_factors.push_back(arg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Strict case
+    // p1^{2*k1} * p2^{2*k2 + 1} >< 0
+    // -->
+    // p1 != 0 and p2 >< 0
+    //
+    // Nonstrict
+    // p1^{2*k1} * p2^{2*k2 + 1} >=< 0
+    // -->
+    // p1 = 0 or p2 >=< 0
+    //
+    void mk_split_comp(decl_kind k, polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref & result) {
+        SASSERT(k == OP_LT || k == OP_GT || k == OP_LE || k == OP_GE);
+        bool strict = (k == OP_LT) || (k == OP_GT);
+        expr_ref_buffer args(m);
+        expr_ref_buffer odd_factors(m);
+        split_even_odd(strict, fs, args, odd_factors);
+        if (odd_factors.empty()) {
+            if (k == OP_LT) {
+                result = m.mk_false();
+                return;
+            }
+            if (k == OP_GE) {
+                result = m.mk_true();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            args.push_back(m.mk_app(m_util.get_family_id(), k, mk_mul(odd_factors.size(), odd_factors.data()), mk_zero_for(odd_factors[0])));
+        }
+        SASSERT(!args.empty());
+        if (args.size() == 1)
+            result = args[0];
+        else if (strict)
+            result = m.mk_and(args);
+        else
+            result = m.mk_or(args);
+    }
+
+    br_status factor(func_decl * f, expr * lhs, expr * rhs, expr_ref & result) {
+        polynomial_ref p1(m_pm);
+        polynomial_ref p2(m_pm);
+        scoped_mpz d1(m_qm);
+        scoped_mpz d2(m_qm);
+        m_expr2poly.to_polynomial(lhs, p1, d1);
+        m_expr2poly.to_polynomial(rhs, p2, d2);
+        TRACE(factor_tactic_bug,
+              tout << "lhs: " << mk_ismt2_pp(lhs, m) << "\n";
+              tout << "p1:  " << p1 << "\n";
+              tout << "d1:  " << d1 << "\n";
+              tout << "rhs: " << mk_ismt2_pp(rhs, m) << "\n";
+              tout << "p2:  " << p2 << "\n";
+              tout << "d2:  " << d2 << "\n";);
+        scoped_mpz lcm(m_qm);
+        m_qm.lcm(d1, d2, lcm);
+        m_qm.div(lcm, d1, d1);
+        m_qm.div(lcm, d2, d2);
+        m_qm.neg(d2);
+        polynomial_ref p(m_pm);
+        p = m_pm.addmul(d1, m_pm.mk_unit(), p1, d2, m_pm.mk_unit(), p2);
+        if (is_const(p))
+            return BR_FAILED;
+        polynomial::factors fs(m_pm);
+        TRACE(factor_tactic_bug, tout << "p: " << p << "\n";);
+        m_pm.factor(p, fs, m_fparams);
+        SASSERT(fs.distinct_factors() > 0);
+        TRACE(factor_tactic_bug, tout << "factors:\n"; fs.display(tout); tout << "\n";);
+        if (fs.distinct_factors() == 1 && fs.get_degree(0) == 1)
+            return BR_FAILED;
+        if (m.is_eq(f)) {
+            if (m_split_factors)
+                mk_split_eq(fs, result);
+            else
+                mk_eq(fs, result);
+        }
+        else {
+            decl_kind k = f->get_decl_kind();
+            if (m_qm.is_neg(fs.get_constant()))
+                k = flip(k);
+
+            if (m_split_factors)
+                mk_split_comp(k, fs, result);
+            else
+                mk_comp(k, fs, result);
+        }
+        return BR_DONE;
+    }
+
+    br_status reduce_app(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result, proof_ref & result_pr) {
+        if (num != 2)
+            return BR_FAILED;
+        if (m.is_eq(f) && (m_util.is_arith_expr(args[0]) || m_util.is_arith_expr(args[1])) && (!m.is_bool(args[0])))
+            return factor(f, args[0], args[1], result);
+        if (f->get_family_id() != m_util.get_family_id())
+            return BR_FAILED;
+        switch (f->get_decl_kind()) {
+        case OP_LT:
+        case OP_GT:
+        case OP_LE:
+        case OP_GE:
+            return factor(f, args[0], args[1], result);
+        }
+        return BR_FAILED;
+    }
+};
+
+struct factor_simplifier::rw : public rewriter_tpl<factor_simplifier::rw_cfg> {
+    rw_cfg m_cfg;
+    rw(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
+        rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg>(m, m.proofs_enabled(), m_cfg),
+        m_cfg(m, p) {
+    }
+};
+
+factor_simplifier::factor_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s)
+    : dependent_expr_simplifier(m, s), m_params(p), m_rw(alloc(rw, m, p)) {}
+
+void factor_simplifier::updt_params(params_ref const& p) {
+    m_params.append(p);
+    m_rw->cfg().updt_params(m_params);
+}
+
+void factor_simplifier::collect_param_descrs(param_descrs& r) {
+    r.insert("split_factors", CPK_BOOL,
+             "apply simplifications such as (= (* p1 p2) 0) --> (or (= p1 0) (= p2 0)).", "true");
+    polynomial::factor_params::get_param_descrs(r);
+}
+
+void factor_simplifier::reduce() {
+    expr_ref  new_curr(m);
+    proof_ref new_pr(m);
+    for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+        auto const& d = m_fmls[idx];
+        m_rw->operator()(d.fml(), new_curr, new_pr);
+        if (new_curr != d.fml())
+            m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_curr, mp(d.pr(), new_pr), d.dep()));
+    }
+}
+
+dependent_expr_simplifier* mk_factor_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s) {
+    return alloc(factor_simplifier, m, p, s);
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/factor_simplifier.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/factor_simplifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c26186e7fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/factor_simplifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    factor_simplifier.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Polynomial factorization simplifier.
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-02-03
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+#include "util/params.h"
+
+class factor_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+    struct rw_cfg;
+    struct rw;
+    params_ref        m_params;
+    scoped_ptr<rw>    m_rw;
+
+public:
+    factor_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s);
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "factor"; }
+
+    void updt_params(params_ref const& p) override;
+    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs& r) override;
+    void reduce() override;
+};
+
+dependent_expr_simplifier* mk_factor_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s);
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/fold_unfold.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/fold_unfold.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..346f96683e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/fold_unfold.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2022 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    fold_unfold.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    fold-unfold simplifier
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2025-11-5.
+
+- remove alias x = y
+- remove alias with const x = k
+- fold-unfold simplification x = f(y), y = g(z), f(g(z)) = u -> x |-> u
+
+- assign levels to E-nodes:
+  - dfs over roots.
+  - visit children, assign level
+  - 
+- remove alias with linear x = f(y) -> x |-> f(y) if level y < level x
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/fold_unfold.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/expr_replacer.h"
+#include "util/union_find.h"
+#include "params/smt_params_helper.hpp"
+
+namespace euf {
+
+    fold_unfold::fold_unfold(ast_manager& m, dependent_expr_state& fmls)
+        : dependent_expr_simplifier(m, fmls),
+        m_rewriter(m),
+        m_egraph(m) {
+        register_extract_eqs(m, m_extract_plugins);
+        m_rewriter.set_flat_and_or(false);
+        // flat sum/prod := false
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::reduce() {
+        if (!m_config.m_enabled)
+            return;
+
+        m_fmls.freeze_suffix();
+
+        for (extract_eq* ex : m_extract_plugins)
+            ex->pre_process(m_fmls);
+
+        reduce_alias(true);
+        reduce_linear();
+        reduce_alias(false);
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::reduce_alias(bool fuf) {
+        m_subst = nullptr;
+        dep_eq_vector eqs;
+        get_eqs(eqs);
+        extract_subst(fuf, eqs);
+        vector<dependent_expr> old_fmls;
+        apply_subst(old_fmls);
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::get_eqs(dep_eq_vector& eqs) {
+        for (extract_eq* ex : m_extract_plugins)
+            for (unsigned i : indices())
+                ex->get_eqs(m_fmls[i], eqs);
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::extract_subst(bool fuf, dep_eq_vector const& eqs) {
+        m_find.reset();
+        for (auto const& [orig, v, t, d] : eqs) {
+            auto a = mk_enode(v);
+            auto b = mk_enode(t);
+            // verbose_stream() << mk_bounded_pp(v, m) << " == " << mk_bounded_pp(t, m) << "\n";
+            proof_ref pr(m);
+            auto j = to_ptr(push_pr_dep(pr, d));
+            m_egraph.merge(a, b, j);
+        }
+
+        // choose uninterpreted or value representative
+        auto find_rep = [&](enode *a, ptr_buffer<enode>& vars) {
+            enode *rep = nullptr;
+            for (auto b : euf::enode_class(a)) {
+                expr *t = b->get_expr();
+                if (is_uninterp_const(t))
+                    vars.push_back(b);
+                if (m.is_value(t))
+                    rep = b;
+            }
+            if (!rep) {
+                for (auto v : vars)
+                    if (!rep || v->get_id() < rep->get_id())
+                        rep = v;
+            }
+            return rep;
+        };
+
+        for (auto a : m_egraph.nodes()) {
+            if (!a->is_root())
+                continue;
+            ptr_buffer<enode> vars;
+            enode *rep = find_rep(a, vars);
+            if (!rep)
+                continue;
+            for (auto w : vars) {
+                if (w != rep)
+                    m_find.setx(w->get_id(), rep, nullptr);
+            }
+        }
+        if (fuf) {
+            // find new equalities by performing fold-unfold
+            vector<std::tuple<enode *, expr_ref, proof_ref, expr_dependency *>> new_eqs;
+            for (auto n : m_egraph.nodes()) {
+                if (!n->is_root())
+                    continue;
+                auto ne = n->get_expr();
+                unsigned depth = 3;
+                vector<std::pair<expr_ref, expr_dependency *>> es;
+                unfold(depth, n, nullptr, es);
+                // verbose_stream() << "unfolds " << es.size() << "\n";
+                for (auto [e, d] : es) {
+                    expr_ref r(m);
+                    proof_ref pr(m);
+                    fold(e, r, pr);
+                    if (ne == r)
+                        continue;
+                    new_eqs.push_back({n, r, pr, d});
+                }
+            }
+            for (auto const &[a, t, pr, d] : new_eqs) {
+                auto b = mk_enode(t);
+                auto j = to_ptr(push_pr_dep(pr, d));
+                m_egraph.merge(a, b, j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (auto a : m_egraph.nodes()) {            
+            if (!a->is_root())
+                continue;
+            ptr_buffer<enode> vars;
+            enode *rep = find_rep(a, vars);
+            if (!rep)
+                continue;
+            for (auto v : vars) {
+                if (v == rep)
+                    continue;
+                m_find.setx(v->get_id(), rep, nullptr);
+                // verbose_stream() << "insert " << mk_pp(v->get_expr(), m) << " " << mk_pp(rep->get_expr(), m) << "\n";
+                insert_subst(v->get_expr(), rep->get_expr(), explain_eq(v, rep));
+                m_stats.m_num_elim_vars++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    expr_dependency *fold_unfold::explain_eq(enode *a, enode *b) {
+        if (a == b)
+            return nullptr;
+        ptr_vector<size_t> just;
+        m_egraph.begin_explain();
+        m_egraph.explain_eq(just, nullptr, a, b);
+        m_egraph.end_explain();
+        expr_dependency *d = nullptr;
+        for (size_t *j : just)
+            d = m.mk_join(d, m_pr_dep[from_ptr(j)].second);        
+        return d;
+    }
+
+    unsigned fold_unfold::push_pr_dep(proof *pr, expr_dependency *d) {
+        unsigned sz = m_pr_dep.size();
+        SASSERT(!m.proofs_enabled() || pr);
+        m_pr_dep.push_back({proof_ref(pr, m), d});
+        m_trail.push(push_back_vector(m_pr_dep));
+        return sz;
+    }
+
+    enode *fold_unfold::mk_enode(expr *e) {
+        m_todo.push_back(e);
+        enode *n;
+        while (!m_todo.empty()) {
+            e = m_todo.back();
+            if (m_egraph.find(e)) {
+                m_todo.pop_back();
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!is_app(e)) {
+                m_egraph.mk(e, m_generation, 0, nullptr);
+                m_todo.pop_back();
+                continue;
+            }
+            m_args.reset();
+            unsigned sz = m_todo.size();
+            for (expr *arg : *to_app(e)) {
+                n = m_egraph.find(arg);
+                if (n)
+                    m_args.push_back(n);
+                else
+                    m_todo.push_back(arg);
+            }
+            if (sz == m_todo.size()) {
+                n = m_egraph.mk(e, m_generation, m_args.size(), m_args.data());
+                if (m_egraph.get_plugin(e->get_sort()->get_family_id()))
+                    m_egraph.add_th_var(n, m_th_var++, e->get_sort()->get_family_id());
+                if (!m.is_eq(e)) {
+                    for (auto ch : m_args)
+                        for (auto idv : euf::enode_th_vars(*ch))
+                            m_egraph.register_shared(n, idv.get_id());
+                }
+                m_todo.pop_back();
+            }
+        }
+        return m_egraph.find(e);
+    }
+
+
+    void fold_unfold::fold(expr *e, expr_ref &result, proof_ref &pr) {
+        m_rewriter(e, result, pr);
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::unfold(unsigned n, enode *e, expr_dependency* d, vector<std::pair<expr_ref, expr_dependency*>>& es) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            es.push_back({expr_ref(e->get_expr(), m), d});
+            return;
+        }
+        if (es.size() > 10)
+            return;
+        unsigned count = 0;
+        for (auto sib : euf::enode_class(e)) {
+            auto sib_e = sib->get_expr();
+            if (!is_app(sib_e))
+                continue;
+            if (is_uninterp_const(sib_e)) {
+                auto f = m_find.get(sib->get_id(), nullptr);
+                if (f && f != sib)
+                    continue;
+            }
+            ++count;
+            expr_ref_vector args(m);
+            expr_dependency *d1 = m.mk_join(d, explain_eq(sib, e));
+            unfold_arg(n, 0, sib, args, d1, es);
+            if (count > 2)
+                break;
+        }
+        // verbose_stream() << "count " << count << "\n";
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::unfold_arg(unsigned n, unsigned i, enode* e, expr_ref_vector& args, expr_dependency* d,
+        vector<std::pair<expr_ref, expr_dependency*>>& es) {
+        if (i == e->num_args()) {
+            es.push_back({expr_ref(m.mk_app(e->get_decl(), args), m), d});
+            return;
+        }
+        vector<std::pair<expr_ref, expr_dependency *>> es_arg;
+        unfold(n - 1, e->get_arg(i), d, es_arg);
+        for (auto [arg, dep] : es_arg) {
+            args.push_back(arg);
+            unfold_arg(n, i + 1, e, args, dep, es);
+            args.pop_back();
+            if (es.size() > 10)
+                return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::insert_subst(expr * v, expr * t, expr_dependency* d) {
+        if (!m_subst)
+            m_subst = alloc(expr_substitution, m, true, false);   
+        m_subst->insert(v, t, d);
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::apply_subst(vector<dependent_expr> &old_fmls) {
+        if (!m.inc())
+            return;
+        if (!m_subst)
+            return;
+
+        scoped_ptr<expr_replacer> rp = mk_default_expr_replacer(m, false);
+        rp->set_substitution(m_subst.get());
+
+        for (unsigned i : indices()) {
+            auto [f, p, d] = m_fmls[i]();
+            auto [new_f, new_dep] = rp->replace_with_dep(f);
+            proof_ref new_pr(m);
+            expr_ref tmp(m);
+            m_rewriter(new_f, tmp, new_pr);
+            if (tmp == f)
+                continue;
+            new_dep = m.mk_join(d, new_dep);
+            old_fmls.push_back(m_fmls[i]);
+            m_fmls.update(i, dependent_expr(m, tmp, mp(p, new_pr), new_dep));
+        }
+        m_fmls.model_trail().push(m_subst.detach(), old_fmls, false);        
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::set_levels() {
+        m_node2level.reset();
+        m_level2node.reset();
+        m_level_count = 0;
+        for (auto n : m_egraph.nodes()) 
+            if (n->is_root())
+                set_level(n);        
+        for (auto n : m_egraph.nodes()) 
+            if (n->is_root())
+                n->unmark1();    
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::set_level(enode* n) {
+        SASSERT(n->is_root());
+
+        if (m_node2level.get(n->get_id(), UINT_MAX) != UINT_MAX)
+            return;
+
+        if (!n->is_marked1()) {
+            n->mark1();
+            for (auto b : enode_class(n)) {
+                for (auto arg : enode_args(b))
+                    set_level(arg->get_root());
+            }            
+        }
+        if (m_node2level.get(n->get_id(), UINT_MAX) != UINT_MAX)
+            return;
+        for (auto a : enode_class(n)) {
+            m_node2level.setx(a->get_id(), m_level_count, UINT_MAX);
+            m_level2node.setx(m_level_count, a, nullptr);
+        }
+        ++m_level_count;        
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::reduce_linear() {
+        set_levels();
+        m_subst = alloc(expr_substitution, m, true, false);
+        scoped_ptr<expr_replacer> rp = mk_default_expr_replacer(m, false);
+        rp->set_substitution(m_subst.get());
+        for (auto n : m_level2node) {
+            SASSERT(n);
+            SASSERT(n->is_root());
+            // if a is uninterpreted and is not eliminated, 
+            // n is equal to a linear term with lower level argument
+            // back-substitute the linear term using existing subst.
+            // update subst with a -> linear term
+            enode *var = nullptr;
+            enode *term = nullptr;
+            for (auto a : enode_class(n)) {
+                if (m_find.get(a->get_id(), nullptr) != nullptr) // already substituted
+                    continue;
+                if (is_uninterp_const(a->get_expr()))
+                    var = a;
+                else if (is_linear_term(a))
+                    term = a;
+            }            
+            if (var && term) {
+                m_find.setx(var->get_id(), term, nullptr); // record that var was replaced
+                auto dep = explain_eq(var, term);
+                auto [new_term, new_dep] = rp->replace_with_dep(term->get_expr());
+                expr_ref r(m);
+                proof_ref pr(m);
+                m_rewriter(new_term, r, pr);
+                m_subst->insert(var->get_expr(), r, m.mk_join(dep, new_dep));
+            }
+        }
+        vector<dependent_expr> old_fmls;
+        apply_subst(old_fmls);
+    }
+
+    bool fold_unfold::is_linear_term(enode *n) {
+        unsigned num_vars = 0;
+        unsigned level = m_node2level[n->get_root_id()];
+        for (auto arg : enode_args(n))         
+            if (!m.is_value(arg->get_expr())) {
+                if (m_node2level[arg->get_root_id()] >= level)
+                    return false;
+                ++num_vars;
+            }
+        return num_vars <= 1;
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::updt_params(params_ref const &p) {
+        m_config.m_enabled = true;
+        params_ref p1;
+        p1.set_bool("eliminate_mod", false);
+        for (auto ex : m_extract_plugins) {
+            ex->updt_params(p);
+            ex->updt_params(p1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void fold_unfold::collect_param_descrs(param_descrs &r) {}
+
+    void fold_unfold::collect_statistics(statistics &st) const {
+        st.update("fold-unfold-steps", m_stats.m_num_steps);
+        st.update("fold-unfold-elim-vars", m_stats.m_num_elim_vars);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/fold_unfold.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/fold_unfold.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..577801f2d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/fold_unfold.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2022 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    fold_unfold.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    fold-unfold simplifier
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2025-11-5.
+
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "util/scoped_ptr_vector.h"
+#include "ast/expr_substitution.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/extract_eqs.h"
+#include "ast/euf/euf_egraph.h"
+
+namespace euf {
+
+    class fold_unfold : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+        friend class solve_context_eqs;
+
+        struct stats {
+            unsigned m_num_steps = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_elim_vars = 0;
+            void reset() {
+                m_num_steps = 0;
+                m_num_elim_vars = 0;
+            }
+        };
+
+        struct config {
+            bool m_enabled = true;
+        };
+
+        stats m_stats;
+        config m_config;
+        th_rewriter m_rewriter;
+        egraph m_egraph;
+        scoped_ptr_vector<extract_eq> m_extract_plugins;
+        unsigned_vector m_var2id;               // app->get_id() |-> small numeral
+        scoped_ptr<expr_substitution> m_subst;  // current substitution
+        vector<std::pair<proof_ref, expr_dependency *>> m_pr_dep;
+
+        void get_eqs(dep_eq_vector &eqs);
+        void extract_subst(bool fuf, dep_eq_vector const &eqs);
+        void insert_subst(expr *v, expr *t, expr_dependency* d);
+        void apply_subst(vector<dependent_expr> &old_fmls);
+        void reduce_alias(bool fuf);
+        void reduce_linear();
+
+        size_t *to_ptr(size_t i) const {
+            return reinterpret_cast<size_t *>(i);
+        }
+        unsigned from_ptr(size_t *s) const {
+            return (unsigned)reinterpret_cast<size_t>(s);
+        }
+        unsigned push_pr_dep(proof *pr, expr_dependency *d);
+        expr_dependency *explain_eq(enode *a, enode *b);
+
+        ptr_vector<expr> m_todo;
+        enode_vector m_args, m_find;
+        unsigned_vector m_node2level;
+        enode_vector m_level2node;
+        unsigned m_level_count = 0;
+
+        void set_levels();
+        void set_level(enode *n);
+        bool is_linear_term(enode *n);
+        
+        unsigned m_generation = 0;
+        unsigned m_th_var = 0;
+        enode *mk_enode(expr *e);
+
+        void fold(expr *e, expr_ref &result, proof_ref &pr);
+        void unfold(unsigned n, enode *e, expr_dependency* d, vector<std::pair<expr_ref, expr_dependency *>> &es);
+        void unfold_arg(unsigned n, unsigned i, enode *e, expr_ref_vector &args, expr_dependency *d,
+                        vector<std::pair<expr_ref, expr_dependency *>> &es);
+
+    public:
+        fold_unfold(ast_manager &m, dependent_expr_state &fmls);
+
+        char const *name() const override {
+            return "fold-unfold";
+        }
+
+        void reduce() override;
+
+        void updt_params(params_ref const &p) override;
+
+        void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs &r) override;
+
+        void collect_statistics(statistics &st) const override;
+
+        void reset_statistics() override {
+            m_stats.reset();
+        }
+    };
+}  // namespace euf
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/injectivity_simplifier.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/injectivity_simplifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60d6051659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/injectivity_simplifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    injectivity_simplifier.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Dependent expression simplifier for injectivity rewriting.
+
+    - Discover axioms of the form `forall x. (= (g (f x)) x)`
+      Mark `f` as injective
+
+    - Rewrite (sub)terms of the form `(= (f x) (f y))` to `(= x y)` whenever `f` is injective.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nicolas Braud-Santoni (t-nibrau) 2017-08-10
+    Ported to simplifier by Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2023
+
+Notes:
+    * does not support cores nor proofs
+
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
+
+class injectivity_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+
+    struct inj_map : public obj_map<func_decl, obj_hashtable<func_decl>*> {
+        ast_manager& m;
+
+        inj_map(ast_manager& m) : m(m) {}
+
+        ~inj_map() {
+            for (auto& kv : *this) {
+                for (func_decl* f : *kv.get_value())
+                    m.dec_ref(f);
+                m.dec_ref(kv.m_key);
+                dealloc(kv.m_value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void insert(func_decl* f, func_decl* g) {
+            obj_hashtable<func_decl>* inverses;
+            if (!obj_map::find(f, inverses)) {
+                m.inc_ref(f);
+                inverses = alloc(obj_hashtable<func_decl>);
+                obj_map::insert(f, inverses);
+            }
+            if (!inverses->contains(g)) {
+                m.inc_ref(g);
+                inverses->insert(g);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct rw_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
+        ast_manager&  m;
+        inj_map&      m_map;
+
+        rw_cfg(ast_manager& m, inj_map& map) : m(m), m_map(map) {}
+
+        br_status reduce_app(func_decl* f, unsigned num, expr* const* args,
+                             expr_ref& result, proof_ref& result_pr) {
+            if (num != 2 || !m.is_eq(f))
+                return BR_FAILED;
+
+            if (!is_app(args[0]) || !is_app(args[1]))
+                return BR_FAILED;
+
+            app* a = to_app(args[0]);
+            app* b = to_app(args[1]);
+
+            if (a->get_decl() != b->get_decl())
+                return BR_FAILED;
+
+            if (a->get_num_args() != 1 || b->get_num_args() != 1)
+                return BR_FAILED;
+
+            if (!m_map.contains(a->get_decl()))
+                return BR_FAILED;
+
+            SASSERT(a->get_arg(0)->get_sort() == b->get_arg(0)->get_sort());
+            result = m.mk_eq(a->get_arg(0), b->get_arg(0));
+            result_pr = nullptr;
+            return BR_DONE;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct rw : public rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg> {
+        rw_cfg m_cfg;
+
+        rw(ast_manager& m, inj_map& map) :
+            rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg>(m, false, m_cfg),
+            m_cfg(m, map) {}
+    };
+
+    inj_map m_map;
+    rw      m_rw;
+
+    bool is_axiom(expr* n, func_decl*& f, func_decl*& g) {
+        if (!is_forall(n))
+            return false;
+
+        quantifier* q = to_quantifier(n);
+        if (q->get_num_decls() != 1)
+            return false;
+
+        expr* body = q->get_expr();
+        if (!m.is_eq(body))
+            return false;
+
+        app* body_a = to_app(body);
+        if (body_a->get_num_args() != 2)
+            return false;
+
+        expr* a = body_a->get_arg(0);
+        expr* b = body_a->get_arg(1);
+
+        if (is_app(a) && is_var(b)) {
+            // keep a, b as-is
+        }
+        else if (is_app(b) && is_var(a)) {
+            std::swap(a, b);
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+
+        app* a_app = to_app(a);
+        var* b_var = to_var(b);
+
+        if (b_var->get_idx() != 0)
+            return false;
+
+        if (a_app->get_num_args() != 1)
+            return false;
+
+        g = a_app->get_decl();
+        expr* a_body = a_app->get_arg(0);
+
+        if (!is_app(a_body))
+            return false;
+
+        app* a_body_app = to_app(a_body);
+        if (a_body_app->get_num_args() != 1)
+            return false;
+
+        f = a_body_app->get_decl();
+        expr* a_body_body = a_body_app->get_arg(0);
+
+        if (a_body_body != b_var)
+            return false;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+public:
+    injectivity_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s) :
+        dependent_expr_simplifier(m, s), m_map(m), m_rw(m, m_map) {}
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "injectivity"; }
+
+    void reduce() override {
+        // Phase 1: Scan for injectivity axioms
+        for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+            auto const& d = m_fmls[idx];
+            func_decl* fn = nullptr;
+            func_decl* inv = nullptr;
+            if (is_axiom(d.fml(), fn, inv)) {
+                TRACE(injectivity, tout << "Marking " << fn->get_name() << " as injective\n";);
+                m_map.insert(fn, inv);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Phase 2: Rewrite using injectivity
+        expr_ref new_fml(m);
+        proof_ref new_pr(m);
+        for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+            auto const& d = m_fmls[idx];
+            m_rw(d.fml(), new_fml, new_pr);
+            if (new_fml != d.fml())
+                m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_fml, nullptr, d.dep()));
+        }
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/max_bv_sharing.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/max_bv_sharing.h
index bfc8f44725..4bb7b68265 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/max_bv_sharing.h
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/max_bv_sharing.h
@@ -23,3 +23,7 @@ Author:
 #include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
 
 dependent_expr_simplifier * mk_max_bv_sharing(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p, dependent_expr_state& fmls);
+
+/*
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("max-bv-sharing", "use heuristics to maximize the sharing of bit-vector expressions such as adders and multipliers.", "mk_max_bv_sharing(m, p, s)")
+*/
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/propagate_values.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/propagate_values.cpp
index efaf7f244a..36c132295f 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/propagate_values.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/propagate_values.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void propagate_values::add_sub(dependent_expr const& de) {
         else if (m.is_value(y) && m_shared.is_shared(x))
             m_subst.insert(x, y, dep);
     }
-};
+}
 
 void propagate_values::reduce() {
     m_shared.reset();
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/solve_eqs.cpp b/src/ast/simplifiers/solve_eqs.cpp
index 9022f0c8d5..b4fee6976f 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/solve_eqs.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/solve_eqs.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ It traverses the same sub-terms many times.
 
 Outline of a presumably better scheme:
 
-1. maintain map FV: term -> bit-set where bitset reprsents set of free variables. Assume the number of variables is bounded.
+1. maintain map FV: term -> bit-set where bitset represents set of free variables. Assume the number of variables is bounded.
    FV is built from initial terms.
 2. maintain parent: term -> term-list of parent occurrences.
 3. repeat
@@ -121,7 +121,10 @@ namespace euf {
                         continue;
 
                     if (!m_config.m_enable_non_ground && has_quantifiers(t)) 
-                        continue;                        
+                        continue;   
+
+                    if (!m_config.m_enable_non_linear && !is_linear(t))
+                        continue;
 
                     bool is_safe = true;                    
                     unsigned todo_sz = todo.size();
@@ -241,10 +244,12 @@ namespace euf {
         unsigned count = 0;
         vector<dependent_expr> old_fmls;
         dep_eq_vector eqs;
+        auto _reset_unsafe = on_scope_exit([&]() { m_unsafe_vars.reset(); });
         do {
             old_fmls.reset();
             m_subst_ids.reset();
             eqs.reset();
+            filter_unsafe_vars();
             get_eqs(eqs);
             extract_dep_graph(eqs);
             extract_subst();
@@ -262,6 +267,7 @@ namespace euf {
             old_fmls.reset();
             m_subst_ids.reset();
             eqs.reset();
+            filter_unsafe_vars();
             solve_context_eqs context_solve(*this);
             context_solve.collect_nested_equalities(eqs);
             extract_dep_graph(eqs);
@@ -313,6 +319,15 @@ namespace euf {
         return num <= m_config.m_max_occs;
     }
 
+    bool solve_eqs::is_linear(expr* t) const {
+        unsigned num_values = 0;
+        if (!is_app(t))
+            return false;
+        for (auto arg : *to_app(t))
+            num_values += m.is_value(arg) ? 0 : 1;
+        return num_values <= 1;
+    }
+
     void solve_eqs::save_subst(vector<dependent_expr> const& old_fmls) {
         if (!m_subst->empty())   
             m_fmls.model_trail().push(m_subst.detach(), old_fmls, false);                
@@ -322,7 +337,7 @@ namespace euf {
         m_unsafe_vars.reset();
         recfun::util rec(m);
         for (func_decl* f : rec.get_rec_funs())
-            for (expr* term : subterms::all(expr_ref(rec.get_def(f).get_rhs(), m), &m_todo, &m_visited))
+            for (expr* term : subterms::all(expr_ref(rec.get_def(f).get_rhs(), m)))
                 m_unsafe_vars.mark(term);
     }
 
@@ -342,6 +357,7 @@ namespace euf {
         smt_params_helper sp(p);
         m_config.m_enabled = sp.solve_eqs();
         m_config.m_enable_non_ground = sp.solve_eqs_non_ground();
+        m_config.m_enable_non_linear = !sp.solve_eqs_linear();
     }
 
     void solve_eqs::collect_param_descrs(param_descrs& r) {
diff --git a/src/ast/simplifiers/solve_eqs.h b/src/ast/simplifiers/solve_eqs.h
index 5f9a993aac..7a2f491111 100644
--- a/src/ast/simplifiers/solve_eqs.h
+++ b/src/ast/simplifiers/solve_eqs.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ namespace euf {
             unsigned m_max_occs = UINT_MAX;
             bool m_enabled = true;
             bool m_enable_non_ground = true;
+            bool m_enable_non_linear = true;
         };
 
         stats                         m_stats;
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ namespace euf {
         void collect_num_occs(expr * t, expr_fast_mark1 & visited);
         void collect_num_occs();
         bool check_occs(expr* t) const;
+        bool is_linear(expr *t) const;
 
     public:
 
diff --git a/src/ast/sls/sls_array_plugin.h b/src/ast/sls/sls_array_plugin.h
index 4040e8d57a..84fadc1260 100644
--- a/src/ast/sls/sls_array_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/sls/sls_array_plugin.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace sls {
                 for (unsigned i = 1; i < a.sel->num_args(); ++i)
                     h ^= a.sel->get_arg(i)->get_root()->hash();
                 return h;
-            };
+            }
         };
         struct select_args_eq {
             bool operator()(select_args const& a, select_args const& b) const {
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ namespace sls {
         euf::enode* mk_select(euf::egraph& g, euf::enode* b, euf::enode* sel);
 
         void resolve_conflict();
-        size_t* to_ptr(sat::literal l) { return reinterpret_cast<size_t*>((size_t)(l.index() << 4)); };
+        size_t* to_ptr(sat::literal l) { return reinterpret_cast<size_t*>((size_t)(l.index() << 4)); }
         size_t* to_ptr(euf::enode* t) { return reinterpret_cast<size_t*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(t) << 4) + 1); }
         size_t* to_ptr(unsigned n) { return reinterpret_cast<size_t*>((size_t)(n << 4) + 3); }
         bool is_literal(size_t* p) { return (reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) & 3) == 0; }
         bool is_index(size_t* p) { return (reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) & 3) == 3; }
         bool is_enode(size_t* p) { return (reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) & 3) == 1; }
-        sat::literal to_literal(size_t* p) { return sat::to_literal(static_cast<unsigned>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) >> 4)); };
+        sat::literal to_literal(size_t* p) { return sat::to_literal(static_cast<unsigned>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) >> 4)); }
         euf::enode* to_enode(size_t* p) { return reinterpret_cast<euf::enode*>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) >> 4); }
         unsigned to_index(size_t* p) { return static_cast<unsigned>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) >> 4); }
         
diff --git a/src/ast/sls/sls_bv_lookahead.cpp b/src/ast/sls/sls_bv_lookahead.cpp
index 87398429e4..b8b46f9d6d 100644
--- a/src/ast/sls/sls_bv_lookahead.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/sls/sls_bv_lookahead.cpp
@@ -871,8 +871,8 @@ namespace sls {
         if (m_la.m_config.use_top_level_assertions)
             return m_la.ctx.input_assertions().get(idx);
         return m_la.ctx.atom(m_la.ctx.root_literals()[idx].var());
-    };
+    }
 
 
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/ast/sls/sls_bv_tracker.h b/src/ast/sls/sls_bv_tracker.h
index a078de5a19..e87190d9b2 100644
--- a/src/ast/sls/sls_bv_tracker.h
+++ b/src/ast/sls/sls_bv_tracker.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class sls_tracker {
     mpz                   m_zero, m_one, m_two;
 
     struct value_score {
-        value_score() : value(unsynch_mpz_manager::mk_z(0)) {};
+        value_score() : value(unsynch_mpz_manager::mk_z(0)) {}
         value_score(value_score&&) noexcept = default;
         value_score(const value_score &other) {
             m = other.m;
diff --git a/src/ast/sls/sls_context.h b/src/ast/sls/sls_context.h
index fae5447eb7..8cad22dc16 100644
--- a/src/ast/sls/sls_context.h
+++ b/src/ast/sls/sls_context.h
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ namespace sls {
         virtual expr_ref get_value(expr* e) = 0;
         virtual bool is_fixed(expr* e, expr_ref& value) { return false; }
         virtual void initialize() = 0;
-        virtual void start_propagation() {};
+        virtual void start_propagation() {}
         virtual bool propagate() = 0;
         virtual void propagate_literal(sat::literal lit) = 0;
         virtual void repair_literal(sat::literal lit) = 0;
         virtual bool repair_down(app* e) = 0;
         virtual void repair_up(app* e) = 0;
         virtual bool is_sat() = 0;
-        virtual void on_rescale() {};
-        virtual void on_restart() {};
+        virtual void on_rescale() {}
+        virtual void on_restart() {}
         virtual std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) const = 0;
         virtual bool set_value(expr* e, expr* v) = 0;
         virtual void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const = 0;
diff --git a/src/ast/sls/sls_euf_plugin.cpp b/src/ast/sls/sls_euf_plugin.cpp
index d1d135d1e4..ff1a72748b 100644
--- a/src/ast/sls/sls_euf_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/sls/sls_euf_plugin.cpp
@@ -287,27 +287,36 @@ namespace sls {
                 if (m.is_eq(e)) {
                     a = g.find(to_app(e)->get_arg(0));
                     b = g.find(to_app(e)->get_arg(1));
-                }
-                if (lit.sign() && m.is_eq(e)) {
-                    if (a->get_root() == b->get_root()) {
-                        IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "not disequal " << lit << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
-                        ctx.display(verbose_stream());
-                        UNREACHABLE();
+                    if (lit.sign()) {
+                        if (a && b && a->get_root() == b->get_root()) {
+                            IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "not disequal " << lit << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
+                            ctx.display(verbose_stream());
+                            UNREACHABLE();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        if (a && b && a->get_root() != b->get_root()) {
+                            IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "not equal " << lit << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
+                            //UNREACHABLE();
+                        }
                     }
                 }
-                else if (!lit.sign() && m.is_eq(e)) {
-                    if (a->get_root() != b->get_root()) {
-                        IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "not equal " << lit << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
-                        //UNREACHABLE();
+                else if (to_app(e)->get_family_id() != basic_family_id) {
+                    auto* ne = g.find(e);
+                    if (lit.sign()) {
+                        auto* nf = g.find(m.mk_false());
+                        if (ne && nf && ne->get_root() != nf->get_root()) {
+                            IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "not false " << lit << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
+                            //UNREACHABLE();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        auto* nt = g.find(m.mk_true());
+                        if (ne && nt && ne->get_root() != nt->get_root()) {
+                            IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "not true " << lit << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
+                            //UNREACHABLE();
+                        }
                     }
-                }
-                else if (to_app(e)->get_family_id() != basic_family_id && lit.sign() && g.find(e)->get_root() != g.find(m.mk_false())->get_root()) {
-                    IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "not alse " << lit << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
-                    //UNREACHABLE();
-                }
-                else if (to_app(e)->get_family_id() != basic_family_id && !lit.sign() && g.find(e)->get_root() != g.find(m.mk_true())->get_root()) {
-                    IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "not true " << lit << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
-                    //UNREACHABLE();
                 }
             
         }
diff --git a/src/ast/sls/sls_euf_plugin.h b/src/ast/sls/sls_euf_plugin.h
index 45c93a8d06..99523f5077 100644
--- a/src/ast/sls/sls_euf_plugin.h
+++ b/src/ast/sls/sls_euf_plugin.h
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ namespace sls {
 
         bool is_user_sort(sort* s) { return s->get_family_id() == user_sort_family_id; }
 
-        size_t* to_ptr(sat::literal l) { return reinterpret_cast<size_t*>((size_t)(l.index() << 4)); };
-        sat::literal to_literal(size_t* p) { return sat::to_literal(static_cast<unsigned>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) >> 4)); };
+        size_t* to_ptr(sat::literal l) { return reinterpret_cast<size_t*>((size_t)(l.index() << 4)); }
+        sat::literal to_literal(size_t* p) { return sat::to_literal(static_cast<unsigned>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) >> 4)); }
 
         void validate_model();
         void log_clause(sat::literal_vector const& lits);
diff --git a/src/ast/sls/sls_seq_plugin.cpp b/src/ast/sls/sls_seq_plugin.cpp
index 0221e9f1de..d8dab45a77 100644
--- a/src/ast/sls/sls_seq_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/sls/sls_seq_plugin.cpp
@@ -172,9 +172,7 @@ namespace sls {
                     return false;
                 if (r > sx.length() && update(x, sx + zstring(random_char())))
                     return false;
-                // This case seems to imply unsat
-                verbose_stream() << "The input might be unsat\n"; // example to trigger: (assert (and (>= (str.len X) 2) (= (str.substr X 0 1) "")))
-                VERIFY(false);
+                // Both updates failed. Treat as unsatisfied and let outer search continue.
                 return false;
             }
 
@@ -198,8 +196,16 @@ namespace sls {
                 return false;
             }
             if (seq.str.is_last_index(e, x, y) && seq.is_string(x->get_sort())) {
-                // TODO
-                NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
+                auto sx = strval0(x);
+                auto sy = strval0(y);
+                rational val_e;
+                if (!a.is_numeral(ctx.get_value(e), val_e))
+                    return false;
+                rational actual(sx.last_indexof(sy));
+                if (val_e == actual)
+                    continue;
+                update(e, actual);
+                return false;
             }
             if (seq.str.is_stoi(e, x) && seq.is_string(x->get_sort())) {
                 auto sx = strval0(x);
@@ -505,6 +511,7 @@ namespace sls {
             case OP_RE_CONCAT:
             case OP_RE_UNION:
             case OP_RE_DIFF:
+            case OP_RE_XOR:
             case OP_RE_INTERSECT:
             case OP_RE_LOOP:
             case OP_RE_POWER:
@@ -753,7 +760,7 @@ namespace sls {
             for (unsigned j = 1; j <= val_other.length() - i; ++j) {
                 zstring sub = val_other.extract(i, j);
                 if (set.contains(sub))
-                    break;
+                    continue;
                 set.insert(sub);
             }
         }
@@ -906,7 +913,7 @@ namespace sls {
                         m_string_updates.reset();
                         u[i][j] = d[i - 1][j];
                     }
-                    if (d[i][j - 1] < u[i][j] && b.can_add(i - 1)) {
+                    if (d[i][j - 1] < u[i][j] && b.can_add(j - 1)) {
                         m_string_updates.reset();
                         u[i][j] = d[i][j - 1];
                     }
@@ -1288,6 +1295,7 @@ namespace sls {
         case OP_RE_CONCAT:
         case OP_RE_UNION:
         case OP_RE_DIFF:
+        case OP_RE_XOR:
         case OP_RE_INTERSECT:
         case OP_RE_LOOP:
         case OP_RE_POWER:
diff --git a/src/ast/value_generator.cpp b/src/ast/value_generator.cpp
index 6e52afba3a..8c4a0dd819 100644
--- a/src/ast/value_generator.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/value_generator.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 --*/
 
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/value_generator.h"
 #include "ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
@@ -267,34 +268,37 @@ public:
     // repetitions also happen when the same set of indices are updated twice
 
     expr_ref get_value(sort* s, unsigned index) override {
+
         unsigned arity = get_array_arity(s);
         sort* r = get_array_range(s);
-        sort_size const& sz = r->get_num_elements();
-        if (sz.is_finite() && sz.size() == 1) {
+        sort_size const& asz = s->get_num_elements();
+        
+        if (asz.is_finite() && asz.size() == 1) {
             return expr_ref(a.mk_const_array(s, g.get_value(r, 0)), m);           
         }
         
         unsigned z = 0;
-        if (is_small_size(sz)) {
-            z = index % sz.size();
-            index = index / (unsigned)sz.size();
+        if (is_small_size(asz)) {            
+            if (asz.size() <= index) 
+                return expr_ref(m);            
         }
         else {
             inverse_cantor(index, z, index);
         }
         expr_ref result(a.mk_const_array(s, g.get_value(r, z)), m);
+        sort *range = get_array_range(s);
         unsigned default_index = z;
         expr_ref_vector args(m);
         unsigned_vector inf;
         args.resize(arity+2);
-        while (index > 0) {            
+        while (index > 0) {  
             args[0] = result;
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < arity; ++i) {
                 sort* d = get_array_domain(s, i);
                 sort_size const& dsz = d->get_num_elements();
                 if (is_small_size(dsz)) {
-                    args[1 + i] = g.get_value(d, index % dsz.size());
-                    index = index / ((unsigned)dsz.size());
+                    inverse_cantor(index, z, index);
+                    args[1 + i] = g.get_value(d, z % dsz.size());
                 }
                 else {
                     inf.push_back(i);
@@ -305,16 +309,19 @@ public:
                 args[1 + i] = g.get_value(get_array_domain(s, i), z);
             }
 
-            // ensure z is different from default_index.
-            if (is_small_size(sz)) {
-                z = index % (sz.size() - 1);
-                index = index / (unsigned)sz.size();
+            inverse_cantor(index, z, index);
+
+            sort_size const &rsz = range->get_num_elements();
+            
+            if (is_small_size(rsz)) {
+                args[arity + 1] = g.get_value(r, z % rsz.size());
             }
             else {
-                inverse_cantor(index, z, index);
+                // ensure z is different from default_index.
+                if (z >= default_index)
+                    z++;
+                args[arity + 1] = g.get_value(r, z);
             }
-            if (z >= default_index) z++;
-            args[arity+1] = g.get_value(r, z);
             result = a.mk_store(args);
         }
         
@@ -333,8 +340,11 @@ public:
     }
 
     expr_ref get_value(sort* s, unsigned index) override {
-        index %= bv.get_bv_size(s);
-        return expr_ref(bv.mk_numeral(rational(index), s), m);
+        auto sz = s->get_num_elements();
+        if (!sz.is_finite() || index < sz.size())
+            return expr_ref(bv.mk_numeral(rational(index), s), m);
+        else
+            return expr_ref(m);
     }
 };
 
@@ -350,9 +360,11 @@ public:
     expr_ref get_value(sort* s, unsigned index) override {
         if (!m.is_bool(s))
             return expr_ref(m.mk_fresh_const("basic", s), m);
-        if (index % 2 == 0)
-            return expr_ref(m.mk_false(), m);
-        return expr_ref(m.mk_true(), m);
+        switch (index) {
+        case 0: return expr_ref(m.mk_false(), m);
+        case 1: return expr_ref(m.mk_true(), m);
+        default: return expr_ref(m);
+        }        
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/ast/well_sorted.cpp b/src/ast/well_sorted.cpp
index cb8b8b93d2..3fe519369d 100644
--- a/src/ast/well_sorted.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/well_sorted.cpp
@@ -25,31 +25,73 @@ Revision History:
 #include "util/warning.h"
 #include "ast/ast_smt2_pp.h"
 
+
 namespace {
 
 struct well_sorted_proc {
-    ast_manager & m_manager;
-    bool          m_error;
+    ast_manager &    m;
+    bool             m_error;
+    ptr_vector<sort> m_binding;
     
-    well_sorted_proc(ast_manager & m):m_manager(m), m_error(false) {}
-    
-    void operator()(var * v) {}
+    well_sorted_proc(ast_manager & m):m(m), m_error(false) {}
 
-    void operator()(quantifier * n) {
-        expr const * e  = n->get_expr();
-        if (!is_lambda(n) && !m_manager.is_bool(e)) {
-            warning_msg("quantifier's body must be a boolean.");
-            m_error = true;
-            UNREACHABLE();
+    void check(expr* e) {
+        ptr_vector<expr> todo;
+        expr_mark visited;
+        todo.push_back(e);
+        while (!todo.empty()) {
+            expr* term = todo.back();
+            todo.pop_back();
+            if (visited.is_marked(term))
+                continue;
+            visited.mark(term, true);
+            if (is_app(term)) {
+                for (expr* arg : *to_app(term))
+                    if (!visited.is_marked(arg))
+                        todo.push_back(arg);
+                check_app(to_app(term));
+            }
+            else if (is_var(term)) {
+                check_var(to_var(term));
+            }
+            else if (is_quantifier(term)) {
+                check_quantifier(to_quantifier(term));
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    void operator()(app * n) {   
+    void check_quantifier(quantifier * n) {
+        if (!is_lambda(n) && !m.is_bool(n->get_expr())) {
+            warning_msg("quantifier's body must be a boolean.");
+            m_error = true;
+        }
+
+        unsigned sz = m_binding.size();
+        m_binding.append(n->get_num_decls(), n->get_decl_sorts());
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n->get_num_patterns(); i++) 
+            check(n->get_pattern(i));        
+        check(n->get_expr());
+        m_binding.shrink(sz);
+    }
+
+    void check_var(var* v) {
+        if (v->get_idx() >= m_binding.size()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        sort *s = m_binding[m_binding.size() - v->get_idx() - 1];
+        if (s != v->get_sort()) {
+            warning_msg("variable sort does not match binding sort.");
+            m_error = true;
+            // UNREACHABLE();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void check_app(app * n) {   
         unsigned num_args  = n->get_num_args();
         func_decl * decl   = n->get_decl();
         if (num_args != decl->get_arity() && !decl->is_associative() && 
             !decl->is_right_associative() && !decl->is_left_associative()) {
-            TRACE(ws, tout << "unexpected number of arguments.\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(n, m_manager););
+            TRACE(ws, tout << "unexpected number of arguments.\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(n, m););
             warning_msg("unexpected number of arguments.");
             m_error = true;
             return;
@@ -59,19 +101,20 @@ struct well_sorted_proc {
             sort * actual_sort   = n->get_arg(i)->get_sort();
             sort * expected_sort = decl->is_associative() ? decl->get_domain(0) : decl->get_domain(i);
             if (expected_sort != actual_sort) {
-                TRACE(tc, tout << "sort mismatch on argument #" << i << ".\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(n, m_manager);
-                      tout << "Sort mismatch for argument " << i+1 << " of " << mk_ismt2_pp(n, m_manager, false) << "\n";
-                      tout << "Expected sort: " << mk_pp(expected_sort, m_manager) << "\n";
-                      tout << "Actual sort:   " << mk_pp(actual_sort, m_manager) << "\n";
-                      tout << "Function sort: " << mk_pp(decl, m_manager) << ".";
+                TRACE(tc, tout << "sort mismatch on argument #" << i << ".\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(n, m);
+                      tout << "Sort mismatch for argument " << i+1 << " of " << mk_ismt2_pp(n, m, false) << "\n";
+                      tout << "Expected sort: " << mk_pp(expected_sort, m) << "\n";
+                      tout << "Actual sort:   " << mk_pp(actual_sort, m) << "\n";
+                      tout << "Function sort: " << mk_pp(decl, m) << ".";
                       );
                 std::ostringstream strm;
-                strm << "Sort mismatch for argument " << i+1 << " of " << mk_ll_pp(n, m_manager, false) << "\n";
-                strm << "Expected sort: " << mk_pp(expected_sort, m_manager) << '\n';
-                strm << "Actual sort:   " << mk_pp(actual_sort, m_manager) << '\n';
-                strm << "Function sort: " << mk_pp(decl, m_manager) << '.';
+                strm << "Sort mismatch for argument " << i+1 << " of " << mk_ll_pp(n, m, false) << "\n";
+                strm << "Expected sort: " << mk_pp(expected_sort, m) << '\n';
+                strm << "Actual sort:   " << mk_pp(actual_sort, m) << '\n';
+                strm << "Function sort: " << mk_pp(decl, m) << '.';
                 warning_msg("%s", std::move(strm).str().c_str());
                 m_error = true;
+                // UNREACHABLE();
                 return;
             }
         }
@@ -82,8 +125,11 @@ struct well_sorted_proc {
 
 bool is_well_sorted(ast_manager const & m, expr * n) {
     well_sorted_proc p(const_cast<ast_manager&>(m));
-    for_each_expr(p, n);
+    p.check(n);
+    if (p.m_error) {
+        IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "expression is not well sorted.\n" << mk_pp(n, const_cast<ast_manager&>(m)) << "\n";);
+        IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << mk_ll_pp(n, const_cast<ast_manager &>(m)) << "\n";);
+    }
     return !p.m_error;
 }
 
-
diff --git a/src/cmd_context/CMakeLists.txt b/src/cmd_context/CMakeLists.txt
index f3cdb3c034..0b75a85267 100644
--- a/src/cmd_context/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/cmd_context/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ z3_add_component(cmd_context
     simplifier_cmds.cpp
     tactic_cmds.cpp
     tactic_manager.cpp
+    tptp_frontend.cpp
   COMPONENT_DEPENDENCIES
     rewriter
     solver
diff --git a/src/cmd_context/cmd_context.cpp b/src/cmd_context/cmd_context.cpp
index b065607f62..a4363d0063 100644
--- a/src/cmd_context/cmd_context.cpp
+++ b/src/cmd_context/cmd_context.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "ast/pb_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/fpa_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/special_relations_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/pp.h"
 #include "ast/ast_smt2_pp.h"
@@ -532,6 +533,7 @@ protected:
     fpa_util      m_futil;
     seq_util      m_sutil;
     datatype_util m_dtutil;
+    finite_set_util m_fsutil;
 
     datalog::dl_decl_util m_dlutil;
 
@@ -553,7 +555,8 @@ protected:
     }
 
 public:
-    pp_env(cmd_context & o):m_owner(o), m_autil(o.m()), m_bvutil(o.m()), m_arutil(o.m()), m_futil(o.m()), m_sutil(o.m()), m_dtutil(o.m()), m_dlutil(o.m()) {}
+    pp_env(cmd_context & o):m_owner(o), m_autil(o.m()), m_bvutil(o.m()), m_arutil(o.m()), m_futil(o.m()), 
+        m_sutil(o.m()), m_dtutil(o.m()), m_fsutil(o.m()), m_dlutil(o.m()) {}
     ast_manager & get_manager() const override { return m_owner.m(); }
     arith_util & get_autil() override { return m_autil; }
     bv_util & get_bvutil() override { return m_bvutil; }
@@ -561,6 +564,7 @@ public:
     fpa_util & get_futil() override { return m_futil; }
     seq_util & get_sutil() override { return m_sutil; }
     datatype_util & get_dtutil() override { return m_dtutil; }
+    finite_set_util &get_fsutil() override { return m_fsutil; }
 
     datalog::dl_decl_util& get_dlutil() override { return m_dlutil; }
     bool uses(symbol const & s) const override {
@@ -829,6 +833,7 @@ void cmd_context::init_manager_core(bool new_manager) {
         register_plugin(symbol("fpa"),      alloc(fpa_decl_plugin), logic_has_fpa());
         register_plugin(symbol("datalog_relation"), alloc(datalog::dl_decl_plugin), !has_logic());
         register_plugin(symbol("specrels"), alloc(special_relations_decl_plugin), !has_logic());
+        register_plugin(symbol("finite_set"), alloc(finite_set_decl_plugin), !has_logic() || smt_logics::logic_has_finite_sets(m_logic));
     }
     else {
         // the manager was created by an external module
@@ -845,6 +850,7 @@ void cmd_context::init_manager_core(bool new_manager) {
         load_plugin(symbol("seq"),      logic_has_seq(), fids);
         load_plugin(symbol("fpa"),      logic_has_fpa(), fids);
         load_plugin(symbol("pb"),       logic_has_pb(), fids);
+        load_plugin(symbol("finite_set"), smt_logics::logic_has_finite_sets(m_logic) || !has_logic(), fids);
 
         for (family_id fid : fids) {
             decl_plugin * p = m_manager->get_plugin(fid);
diff --git a/src/cmd_context/cmd_util.h b/src/cmd_context/cmd_util.h
index 125ed66549..cec79a26f9 100644
--- a/src/cmd_context/cmd_util.h
+++ b/src/cmd_context/cmd_util.h
@@ -17,45 +17,51 @@ Notes:
 --*/
 #pragma once
 
-#define ATOMIC_CMD(CLS_NAME, NAME, DESCR, ACTION)                               \
+#define ATOMIC_CMD(CLS_NAME, NAME, DESCR, ACTION)               \
+class CLS_NAME : public cmd {                                   \
+public:                                                         \
+    CLS_NAME():cmd(NAME) {}                                     \
+    char const * get_usage() const override { return 0; }       \
+    char const * get_descr(cmd_context & ctx) const override {  \
+      return DESCR;                                             \
+    }                                                           \
+    unsigned get_arity() const override { return 0; }           \
+    void execute(cmd_context & ctx) override { ACTION }         \
+}
+
+#define UNARY_CMD(CLS_NAME, NAME, USAGE, DESCR, ARG_KIND, ARG_TYPE, ACTION)     \
 class CLS_NAME : public cmd {                                                   \
 public:                                                                         \
     CLS_NAME():cmd(NAME) {}                                                     \
-    virtual char const * get_usage() const { return 0; }                        \
-    virtual char const * get_descr(cmd_context & ctx) const { return DESCR; }   \
-    virtual unsigned get_arity() const { return 0; }                            \
-    virtual void execute(cmd_context & ctx) { ACTION }                          \
-};
-
-#define UNARY_CMD(CLS_NAME, NAME, USAGE, DESCR, ARG_KIND, ARG_TYPE, ACTION)             \
-class CLS_NAME : public cmd {                                                           \
-public:                                                                                 \
-    CLS_NAME():cmd(NAME) {}                                                             \
-    virtual char const * get_usage() const { return USAGE; }                            \
-    virtual char const * get_descr(cmd_context & ctx) const { return DESCR; }           \
-    virtual unsigned get_arity() const { return 1; }                                    \
-    virtual cmd_arg_kind next_arg_kind(cmd_context & ctx) const { return ARG_KIND; }    \
-    virtual void set_next_arg(cmd_context & ctx, ARG_TYPE arg) { ACTION }               \
+    char const * get_usage() const override { return USAGE; }                   \
+    char const * get_descr(cmd_context & ctx) const override {                  \
+      return DESCR;                                                             \
+    }                                                                           \
+    unsigned get_arity() const override { return 1; }                           \
+    cmd_arg_kind next_arg_kind(cmd_context & ctx) const override {              \
+      return ARG_KIND;                                                          \
+    }                                                                           \
+    void set_next_arg(cmd_context & ctx, ARG_TYPE arg) override { ACTION }      \
 }
 
 // Macro for creating commands where the first argument is a symbol
 // The second argument cannot be a symbol
 #define BINARY_SYM_CMD(CLS_NAME, NAME, USAGE, DESCR, ARG_KIND, ARG_TYPE, ACTION)        \
 class CLS_NAME : public cmd {                                                           \
-    symbol m_sym;                                                                       \
+     symbol m_sym;                                                                      \
 public:                                                                                 \
     CLS_NAME():cmd(NAME) {}                                                             \
-    virtual char const * get_usage() const { return USAGE; }                            \
-    virtual char const * get_descr(cmd_context & ctx) const { return DESCR; }           \
-    virtual unsigned get_arity() const { return 2; }                                    \
-    virtual void prepare(cmd_context & ctx) { m_sym = symbol::null; }                   \
-    virtual cmd_arg_kind next_arg_kind(cmd_context & ctx) const {                       \
-        return m_sym == symbol::null ? CPK_SYMBOL : ARG_KIND;                           \
+    char const * get_usage() const override { return USAGE; }                           \
+    char const * get_descr(cmd_context & ctx) const override { return DESCR; }          \
+    unsigned get_arity() const override { return 2; }                                   \
+    void prepare(cmd_context & ctx) override { m_sym = symbol::null; }                  \
+    cmd_arg_kind next_arg_kind(cmd_context & ctx) const override {                      \
+      return m_sym == symbol::null ? CPK_SYMBOL : ARG_KIND;                             \
     }                                                                                   \
-    virtual void set_next_arg(cmd_context & ctx, symbol const & s) { m_sym = s; }       \
-    virtual void set_next_arg(cmd_context & ctx, ARG_TYPE arg) { ACTION }               \
-};    
-   
+    void set_next_arg(cmd_context & ctx, symbol const & s) override { m_sym = s; }      \
+    void set_next_arg(cmd_context & ctx, ARG_TYPE arg) override { ACTION }              \
+}    
+
 
 class ast;
 class expr;
diff --git a/src/cmd_context/extra_cmds/dbg_cmds.cpp b/src/cmd_context/extra_cmds/dbg_cmds.cpp
index d7316619f7..aaf1f1b479 100644
--- a/src/cmd_context/extra_cmds/dbg_cmds.cpp
+++ b/src/cmd_context/extra_cmds/dbg_cmds.cpp
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ class mbp_qel_cmd : public cmd {
     ptr_vector<expr> m_vars;
 
   public:
-    mbp_qel_cmd() : cmd("mbp-qel"){};
+    mbp_qel_cmd() : cmd("mbp-qel"){}
     char const *get_usage() const override { return "(exprs) (vars)"; }
     char const *get_descr(cmd_context &ctx) const override {
         return "Model based projection using e-graphs";
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ class qel_cmd : public cmd {
     ptr_vector<func_decl> m_vars;
 
   public:
-    qel_cmd() : cmd("qel"){};
+    qel_cmd() : cmd("qel"){}
     char const *get_usage() const override { return "(lits) (vars)"; }
     char const *get_descr(cmd_context &ctx) const override {
         return "QE lite over e-graphs";
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ class qe_lite_cmd : public cmd {
     ptr_vector<func_decl> m_vars;
 
   public:
-    qe_lite_cmd() : cmd("qe-lite"){};
+    qe_lite_cmd() : cmd("qe-lite"){}
     char const *get_usage() const override { return "(lits) (vars)"; }
     char const *get_descr(cmd_context &ctx) const override {
         return "QE lite over e-graphs";
diff --git a/src/cmd_context/tactic_cmds.cpp b/src/cmd_context/tactic_cmds.cpp
index c183a816c0..f1a8dee047 100644
--- a/src/cmd_context/tactic_cmds.cpp
+++ b/src/cmd_context/tactic_cmds.cpp
@@ -232,7 +232,9 @@ public:
                 }
                 ctx.validate_check_sat_result(r);
             }
-            t.collect_statistics(result->m_stats);
+            statistics stats;
+            t.collect_statistics(stats);
+            result->add_statistics(stats);
         }
 
         if (ctx.produce_unsat_cores()) {
diff --git a/src/cmd_context/tptp_frontend.cpp b/src/cmd_context/tptp_frontend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..966e026cab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cmd_context/tptp_frontend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3047 @@
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "util/error_codes.h"
+#include "util/rational.h"
+#include "util/timeout.h"
+#include "util/z3_exception.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/decl_collector.h"
+#include "ast/expr_abstract.h"
+#include "ast/ast_util.h"
+#include "ast/polymorphism_util.h"
+#include "ast/well_sorted.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/expr_safe_replace.h"
+#include "solver/solver.h"
+#include "cmd_context/cmd_context.h"
+#include "cmd_context/tptp_frontend.h"
+
+
+
+bool g_display_statistics = false;
+bool g_display_model = false;
+
+static void on_timeout() {
+    std::cout << "% SZS status Timeout\n";
+    std::cout.flush();
+    _Exit(0);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+enum class token_kind {
+    eof_tok,
+    id,
+    str,
+    lparen,
+    rparen,
+    lbrack,
+    rbrack,
+    comma,
+    dot,
+    colon,
+    and_tok,
+    or_tok,
+    not_tok,
+    forall_tok,
+    exists_tok,
+    type_forall_tok,  // !>
+    type_exists_tok,  // ?*
+    equal_tok,
+    neq_tok,
+    iff_tok,
+    implies_tok,
+    implied_tok,
+    xor_tok,
+    nor_tok,
+    nand_tok,
+    gt_tok,
+    lt_tok,
+    star_tok,
+    slash_tok,
+    minus_tok,
+    at_tok,
+    lambda_tok,
+    modal_tok
+};
+
+struct parse_error : public std::exception {
+    std::string m_msg;
+    parse_error(std::string const& msg): m_msg(msg) {}
+    char const* what() const noexcept override { return m_msg.c_str(); }
+};
+
+class scoped_regular_stream {
+    cmd_context& m_ctx;
+    std::string m_prev;
+public:
+    scoped_regular_stream(cmd_context& ctx, std::ostream& out): m_ctx(ctx), m_prev(ctx.get_regular_stream_name()) { m_ctx.set_regular_stream(out); }
+    ~scoped_regular_stream() { m_ctx.set_regular_stream(m_prev.c_str()); }
+};
+
+struct token {
+    token_kind kind = token_kind::eof_tok;
+    std::string text;
+    unsigned line = 1;
+    unsigned col = 1;
+    bool dquote = false;   // true for double-quoted strings ("..."): TPTP distinct objects
+};
+
+class lexer {
+    std::string const& m_input;
+    size_t m_pos = 0;
+    unsigned m_line = 1;
+    unsigned m_col = 1;
+
+    bool eof() const { return m_pos >= m_input.size(); }
+    char peek(unsigned k = 0) const { return m_pos + k < m_input.size() ? m_input[m_pos + k] : '\0'; }
+    char get() {
+        char c = peek();
+        if (!eof()) {
+            ++m_pos;
+            if (c == '\n') {
+                ++m_line;
+                m_col = 1;
+            }
+            else {
+                ++m_col;
+            }
+        }
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    static bool is_symbol_start(char c) {
+        return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '$' || c == '_';
+    }
+
+    static bool is_id_char(char c) {
+        return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '$' || c == '_' || c == '\'' || c == '-';
+    }
+
+    void skip_ws_comments() {
+        while (!eof()) {
+            if (std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(peek()))) {
+                get();
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (peek() == '%') {
+                while (!eof() && get() != '\n') {}
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (peek() == '/' && peek(1) == '*') {
+                get();
+                get();
+                while (!eof()) {
+                    if (peek() == '*' && peek(1) == '/') {
+                        get();
+                        get();
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    get();
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    lexer(std::string const& input): m_input(input) {}
+
+    token next() {
+        skip_ws_comments();
+        token t;
+        t.line = m_line;
+        t.col = m_col;
+        if (eof()) {
+            t.kind = token_kind::eof_tok;
+            return t;
+        }
+
+        if (peek() == '\'' || peek() == '"') {
+            char q = get();
+            t.kind = token_kind::str;
+            t.dquote = (q == '"');
+            while (!eof()) {
+                char c = get();
+                if (c == '\\' && !eof()) {
+                    t.text.push_back(c);
+                    t.text.push_back(get());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (c == q) return t;
+                t.text.push_back(c);
+            }
+            throw parse_error("unterminated string literal");
+        }
+
+        if (peek() == '<' && peek(1) == '=' && peek(2) == '>') {
+            get(); get(); get();
+            t.kind = token_kind::iff_tok;
+            t.text = "<=>";
+            return t;
+        }
+        if (peek() == '<' && peek(1) == '~' && peek(2) == '>') {
+            get(); get(); get();
+            t.kind = token_kind::xor_tok;
+            t.text = "<~>";
+            return t;
+        }
+        if (peek() == '=' && peek(1) == '>') {
+            get(); get();
+            t.kind = token_kind::implies_tok;
+            t.text = "=>";
+            return t;
+        }
+        if (peek() == '<' && peek(1) == '=') {
+            get(); get();
+            t.kind = token_kind::implied_tok;
+            t.text = "<=";
+            return t;
+        }
+        if (peek() == '~' && peek(1) == '|') {
+            get(); get();
+            t.kind = token_kind::nor_tok;
+            t.text = "~|";
+            return t;
+        }
+        if (peek() == '~' && peek(1) == '&') {
+            get(); get();
+            t.kind = token_kind::nand_tok;
+            t.text = "~&";
+            return t;
+        }
+        if (peek() == '!' && peek(1) == '=') {
+            get(); get();
+            t.kind = token_kind::neq_tok;
+            t.text = "!=";
+            return t;
+        }
+
+        char c = get();
+        switch (c) {
+        case '(': t.kind = token_kind::lparen; return t;
+        case ')': t.kind = token_kind::rparen; return t;
+        case '[': t.kind = token_kind::lbrack; return t;
+        case ']': t.kind = token_kind::rbrack; return t;
+        case ',': t.kind = token_kind::comma; return t;
+        case '.': t.kind = token_kind::dot; return t;
+        case ':': t.kind = token_kind::colon; return t;
+        case '&': t.kind = token_kind::and_tok; return t;
+        case '|': t.kind = token_kind::or_tok; return t;
+        case '~': t.kind = token_kind::not_tok; return t;
+        case '!':
+            if (peek() == '>') { get(); t.kind = token_kind::type_forall_tok; return t; }
+            if (peek() == '!') { get(); t.kind = token_kind::id; t.text = "!!"; return t; }
+            t.kind = token_kind::forall_tok; return t;
+        case '?':
+            if (peek() == '*') { get(); t.kind = token_kind::type_exists_tok; return t; }
+            if (peek() == '?') { get(); t.kind = token_kind::id; t.text = "??"; return t; }
+            t.kind = token_kind::exists_tok; return t;
+        case '=': t.kind = token_kind::equal_tok; return t;
+        case '>': t.kind = token_kind::gt_tok; return t;
+        case '<': t.kind = token_kind::lt_tok; return t;
+        case '*': t.kind = token_kind::star_tok; return t;
+        case '/': t.kind = token_kind::slash_tok; return t;
+        case '-': t.kind = token_kind::minus_tok; return t;
+        case '@':
+            if (peek() == '+') { get(); t.kind = token_kind::id; t.text = "@+"; return t; }
+            if (peek() == '-') { get(); t.kind = token_kind::id; t.text = "@-"; return t; }
+            t.kind = token_kind::at_tok; return t;
+        case '^': t.kind = token_kind::lambda_tok; return t;
+        case '{':
+            // Modal operators: {$box}, {$dia}, etc. — lex as identifier including braces
+            t.kind = token_kind::modal_tok;            
+            t.text.push_back(c);
+            while (!eof() && peek() != '}')
+                t.text.push_back(get());
+            if (!eof()) t.text.push_back(get()); // consume '}'
+            return t;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (is_symbol_start(c)) {
+            t.kind = token_kind::id;
+            t.text.push_back(c);
+            while (!eof() && is_id_char(peek()))
+                t.text.push_back(get());
+            return t;
+        }
+
+        std::ostringstream out;
+        out << "unexpected character '" << c << "' at " << t.line << ":" << t.col;
+        throw parse_error(out.str());
+    }
+};
+
+struct parsed_type {
+    ptr_vector<sort> domain;
+    sort* range = nullptr;
+    parsed_type(sort* s): range(s) {}
+    parsed_type(ptr_vector<sort> const& d, sort* r): domain(d), range(r) {}
+};
+
+class tptp_parser {
+    cmd_context& m_cmd;
+    ast_manager& m;
+    arith_util m_arith;
+    array_util m_array;
+    sort* m_univ;
+    bool m_has_conjecture = false;
+    unsigned m_dropped_formulas = 0;      // axioms/definitions skipped due to encoding errors
+    bool m_has_dependent_type = false;    // a "T > $tType" (value-indexed type family) was declared
+    bool m_last_name_quoted = false;
+    bool m_last_name_dquoted = false;     // last parsed name was a double-quoted distinct object
+    // Distinct objects: TPTP double-quoted strings ("...") denote pairwise distinct
+    // domain elements. Collected here (deduplicated by name) so a single global
+    // (distinct ...) constraint can be asserted before solving.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, expr*> m_distinct_objects;
+    std::string m_expected_status;        // SZS status from the input annotation, if any
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, sort*> m_sorts;
+    sort_ref_vector m_pinned_sorts;       // prevents cached sorts from being freed
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, func_decl*> m_decls;
+    func_decl_ref_vector m_pinned_decls;  // prevents cached func_decls from being freed
+    expr_ref_vector m_pinned_exprs;       // prevents bound variable apps from being freed
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::pair<ptr_vector<sort>, sort*>> m_typed_decls;
+    // Polymorphic (TF1/TH1) declarations: a symbol declared with !>[T:$tType] : ...
+    // keeps genuine type variables (ast_manager::mk_type_var) in its signature rather
+    // than monomorphizing them onto the universe sort U. m_decl_tvars records, per
+    // declared symbol name, the ordered list of type-variable sorts introduced by its
+    // !> binder (used to consume explicit type arguments at THF @-application sites and
+    // to instantiate the polymorphic declaration). m_poly_decl_arity records the value
+    // arity (number of non-type arguments) of such a declaration.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, ptr_vector<sort>> m_decl_tvars;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, unsigned> m_poly_decl_arity;
+    // Parametric type constructors declared as "c : ($tType * .. * $tType) > $tType"
+    // (e.g. list: $tType > $tType, fun: ($tType*$tType) > $tType). Maps the constructor
+    // name to its type-argument arity. A use "list(A)" / "fun(A,B)" is built as a genuine
+    // parametric uninterpreted sort (ast_manager::mk_uninterpreted_sort with sort
+    // parameters), so distinct instantiations stay distinct and can be matched and
+    // instantiated by the polymorphism substitution engine, instead of collapsing onto U.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, unsigned> m_sort_ctors;
+    // Canonical polymorphic root func_decls for each polymorphic symbol. Every concrete
+    // (or type-variable) use is created as an instance of the shared root via
+    // ast_manager::instantiate_polymorphic, so that z3's polymorphism engine links the
+    // instances (e.g. FINITE@real and the axiom's FINITE@A) to one root and instantiates
+    // type-variable axioms at the concrete types used elsewhere. m_poly_root_ho holds the
+    // curried-array (THF @-application) shape; m_poly_root_fo the first-order function shape.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, func_decl*> m_poly_root_ho;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, func_decl*> m_poly_root_fo;
+    // Type variables introduced by the !> binder while parsing a declaration's type.
+    // An insertion-ordered list of (name, mk_type_var sort): order matters because
+    // explicit THF type arguments (f @ T1 @ T2 @ ..) are consumed positionally and
+    // matched tvars[i] := targs[i]. A std::unordered_map would scramble that order.
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, sort*>> m_type_vars;
+    std::vector<std::unordered_map<std::string, app*>> m_bound;
+    bool m_in_at_arg = false;  // true when parsing inside @ argument (lambda body stops consuming @)
+    unsigned m_tvar_counter = 0;  // generates fresh, collision-proof polymorphic type-variable names
+    unsigned m_rec_depth = 0;
+    char* m_stack_base = nullptr;  // approximate stack anchor captured at the outermost parse frame
+    // Recursive-descent stack guard. The THF fragment of TPTP admits pathologically
+    // deep nested applications (some ITP problems contain single formulas nested
+    // hundreds of levels deep). Each recursive parser frame is large (and frame size
+    // varies widely by construct), so such formulas can exhaust the process stack.
+    // A fixed recursion-depth cap is fragile: files with large frames overflow at a
+    // much smaller depth than files with small frames. Instead we measure the actual
+    // stack consumed (distance of the current frame from an anchor captured at the
+    // outermost parse frame) and bail out before the OS stack (/STACK:8MB) is
+    // exhausted. This adapts automatically to the real per-frame size. On overflow we
+    // raise a parse_error; the enclosing per-formula handler then drops that formula
+    // (and counts it, downgrading any later "sat" to GaveUp).
+    // Budget is well below the 8MB stack, leaving margin for un-guarded helper frames.
+    static const size_t STACK_BUDGET = 6 * 1024 * 1024;
+    // Hard depth cap as a backstop against genuine non-terminating recursion (parser
+    // bugs) independent of stack measurement; far higher than any real TPTP nesting.
+    static const unsigned RECURSION_LIMIT = 100000;
+    struct rec_guard {
+        tptp_parser& p;
+        rec_guard(tptp_parser& p): p(p) {
+            char local;
+            char* cur = &local;
+            if (!p.m_stack_base)
+                p.m_stack_base = cur;
+            else {
+                size_t used = (p.m_stack_base > cur)
+                    ? static_cast<size_t>(p.m_stack_base - cur)
+                    : static_cast<size_t>(cur - p.m_stack_base);
+                if (used > STACK_BUDGET)
+                    throw parse_error("nesting too deep");
+            }
+            if (++p.m_rec_depth > RECURSION_LIMIT)
+                throw parse_error("nesting too deep");
+        }
+        ~rec_guard() {
+            if (--p.m_rec_depth == 0)
+                p.m_stack_base = nullptr;  // re-anchor for the next top-level formula
+        }
+    };
+    struct implicit_var_scope {
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, app*> vars;
+        ptr_vector<app> order;
+    };
+    implicit_var_scope* m_implicit_scope = nullptr;
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> m_seen_files;
+
+    // Table-driven operator dispatch
+    using op_builder = std::function<expr_ref(expr_ref_vector const&)>;
+    struct op_entry {
+        bool        is_infix;
+        unsigned    precedence; // only meaningful for infix; higher = tighter binding
+        bool        right_assoc;
+        op_builder  builder;
+    };
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, op_entry> m_ops;
+
+    // Infix precedence levels:
+    static constexpr unsigned PREC_IFF     = 1; // <=> <~>
+    static constexpr unsigned PREC_IMPLIES = 2; // => <=
+    static constexpr unsigned PREC_OR      = 3; // | ~|
+    static constexpr unsigned PREC_AND     = 4; // & ~&
+    static constexpr unsigned PREC_EQ      = 5; // = !=
+
+    std::string m_input;
+    std::unique_ptr<lexer> m_lex;
+    token m_curr;
+
+    // Helper: check arity for arithmetic operators
+    void check_arith_arity(expr_ref_vector const& args, unsigned expected, char const* name) {
+        if (args.size() != expected) {
+            std::ostringstream out;
+            out << "'" << name << "' expects arity " << expected;
+            throw parse_error(out.str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Helper: coerce two arithmetic args to same sort (promote int to real if needed)
+    std::pair<expr_ref, expr_ref> coerce_arith2(expr_ref_vector const& args) {
+        expr_ref a(args[0], m), b(args[1], m);
+        // Coerce U-sorted args to Int (from HO encoding / $let bindings)
+        if (!m_arith.is_int_real(a) && !m_arith.is_int_real(b)) {
+            a = coerce_arg(a, m_arith.mk_int());
+            b = coerce_arg(b, m_arith.mk_int());
+        } else if (!m_arith.is_int_real(a)) {
+            a = coerce_arg(a, b->get_sort());
+        } else if (!m_arith.is_int_real(b)) {
+            b = coerce_arg(b, a->get_sort());
+        }
+        if (m_arith.is_real(a) || m_arith.is_real(b)) {
+            if (m_arith.is_int(a)) a = expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_real(a), m);
+            if (m_arith.is_int(b)) b = expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_real(b), m);
+        }
+        return { a, b };
+    }
+
+    // Helper: quotient dispatch (integer division for int/int, real division otherwise)
+    expr_ref mk_quotient(expr_ref_vector const& args) {
+        expr_ref a(args[0], m), b(args[1], m);
+        if (m_arith.is_int(a) && m_arith.is_int(b))
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_idiv(a, b), m);
+        if (m_arith.is_int(a)) a = expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_real(a), m);
+        if (m_arith.is_int(b)) b = expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_real(b), m);
+        return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_div(a, b), m);
+    }
+
+    // Map infix token to operator name (returns nullptr if not an infix op token)
+    char const* token_to_op_name() const {
+        switch (m_curr.kind) {
+        case token_kind::iff_tok:     return "<=>";
+        case token_kind::xor_tok:     return "<~>";
+        case token_kind::implies_tok: return "=>";
+        case token_kind::implied_tok: return "<=";
+        case token_kind::or_tok:      return "|";
+        case token_kind::nor_tok:     return "~|";
+        case token_kind::and_tok:     return "&";
+        case token_kind::nand_tok:    return "~&";
+        case token_kind::equal_tok:   return "=";
+        case token_kind::neq_tok:     return "!=";
+        default:                      return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    static std::string to_lower(std::string s) {
+        for (char& c : s) c = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    static bool is_var_name(std::string const& s) {
+        if (s.empty()) return false;
+        unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(s[0]);
+        return std::isupper(c) || s[0] == '_';
+    }
+
+    std::string loc() const {
+        std::ostringstream out;
+        out << m_curr.line << ":" << m_curr.col;
+        return out.str();
+    }
+
+    void next() { m_curr = m_lex->next(); }
+
+    bool is(token_kind k) const { return m_curr.kind == k; }
+
+    bool accept(token_kind k) {
+        if (is(k)) {
+            next();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void expect(token_kind k, char const* msg) {
+        if (!accept(k)) {
+            std::ostringstream out;
+            out << "expected " << msg << " at " << loc();
+            throw parse_error(out.str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <name>           ::= <atomic_word> | <integer>
+    //          <atomic_word>    ::= <lower_word> | <single_quoted>
+    //          Used universally for parsing identifiers, keywords, and quoted names.
+    std::string parse_name() {
+        if (is(token_kind::id) || is(token_kind::str)) {
+            m_last_name_quoted = is(token_kind::str);
+            m_last_name_dquoted = is(token_kind::str) && m_curr.dquote;
+            std::string r = m_curr.text;
+            next();
+            return r;
+        }
+        std::ostringstream out;
+        out << "expected identifier at " << loc();
+        throw parse_error(out.str());
+    }
+
+    sort* get_sort(std::string const& n) {
+        if (n == "$i") return m_univ;
+        if (n == "$o") return m.mk_bool_sort();
+        if (n == "$int") return m_arith.mk_int();
+        if (n == "$rat" || n == "$real") return m_arith.mk_real();
+        auto it = m_sorts.find(n);
+        if (it != m_sorts.end()) return it->second;
+        sort* s = m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol(n));
+        m_sorts.emplace(n, s);
+        m_pinned_sorts.push_back(s);
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    // Factory for parametric type-constructor sorts: builds (or reuses) the sort
+    // "name(targs..)" as a genuine uninterpreted sort carrying its type arguments as
+    // sort parameters. ast_manager::mk_uninterpreted_sort registers the constructor
+    // name once (assigning it a stable, non-null user-sort family_id / decl_kind) and
+    // interns instances, so the same name used at different instantiations yields the
+    // same constructor with distinct parameters — matchable/substitutable by the
+    // polymorphism engine (polymorphism::substitution recurses through sort parameters).
+    sort* mk_type_ctor(std::string const& name, ptr_vector<sort> const& targs) {
+        vector<parameter> ps;
+        for (sort* a : targs)
+            ps.push_back(parameter(static_cast<ast*>(a ? a : m_univ)));
+        sort* s = m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol(name), ps.size(), ps.data());
+        m_pinned_sorts.push_back(s);
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    // For higher-order types like ($i > $o), create an uninterpreted sort
+    // Function type A > B is represented as Array(A, B).
+    // Multi-argument A * B > C is represented as Array(A, Array(B, C)) (curried).
+    sort* get_ho_sort(ptr_vector<sort> const& domain, sort* range) {
+        sort* s = range;
+        for (unsigned i = domain.size(); i-- > 0; ) 
+            s = m_array.mk_array_sort(domain[i], s);        
+        m_pinned_sorts.push_back(s);
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    // Parse a single explicit type argument following @ at a THF polymorphic
+    // application site (TH1). Parses exactly one atomic type (a type name or a
+    // parenthesized mapping type) without consuming the trailing @-application chain,
+    // which belongs to the value arguments.
+    sort* parse_type_at_arg() {
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            sort* s = t.domain.empty() ? t.range : get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range);
+            return s ? s : m_univ;
+        }
+        std::string tn = parse_name();
+        // Applied type constructor in explicit type-argument position: list(A), fun(A,B).
+        // Registered parametric constructors only; others monomorphize onto U.
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            ptr_vector<sort> targs;
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                do {
+                    parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+                    targs.push_back(t.domain.empty() ? t.range : get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range));
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            }
+            if (m_sort_ctors.find(tn) != m_sort_ctors.end())
+                return mk_type_ctor(tn, targs);
+            return m_univ;
+        }
+        return get_sort(tn);
+    }
+
+    // Parse a single operand within a type-level @-application chain (c @ A @ B).
+    // Type application is LEFT-associative: c @ A @ B parses as (c @ A) @ B, i.e.
+    // the constructor c applied to the arguments A and B. Each operand must be
+    // parsed WITHOUT greedily consuming the trailing @-chain; a nested application
+    // used as an operand is parenthesized (e.g. list @ ( product_prod @ A @ B )).
+    // Calling the full parse_type_atom here instead would let the first operand
+    // swallow the rest of the chain (A @ B), collapsing product_prod @ A @ B into a
+    // single-argument product_prod(A@B) and desynchronizing the constructor arity.
+    sort* parse_type_app_operand() {
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            sort* s = t.domain.empty() ? t.range : get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range);
+            return s ? s : m_univ;
+        }
+        std::string n = parse_name();
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            ptr_vector<sort> targs;
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                do {
+                    parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+                    targs.push_back(t.domain.empty() ? t.range : get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range));
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            }
+            if (m_sort_ctors.find(n) != m_sort_ctors.end())
+                return mk_type_ctor(n, targs);
+            return m_univ;
+        }
+        return get_sort(n);
+    }
+
+    // Substitute the polymorphic type variables tvars := targs throughout a template
+    // signature (domain/range), producing a concrete instance signature.
+    void instantiate_sig(ptr_vector<sort> const& tvars, ptr_vector<sort> const& targs,
+                         ptr_vector<sort> const& dom_in, sort* rng_in,
+                         ptr_vector<sort>& dom_out, sort_ref& rng_out) {
+        polymorphism::substitution sub(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < tvars.size() && i < targs.size(); ++i)
+            if (tvars[i] != targs[i]) // never insert a self-map: it makes substitution recurse forever
+                sub.insert(tvars[i], targs[i]);
+        for (sort* d : dom_in) {
+            sort_ref s = sub(d);
+            m_pinned_sorts.push_back(s);
+            dom_out.push_back(s.get());
+        }
+        rng_out = sub(rng_in);
+        m_pinned_sorts.push_back(rng_out);
+    }
+
+    static bool is_ttype(sort* s) {
+        return s->get_name() == symbol("$tType");
+    }
+
+    // True if the current token names a type (a builtin type keyword, a declared
+    // $tType sort, or an in-scope type variable). Used to detect TF1 explicit type
+    // arguments, which appear as type names in first-order application position.
+    bool current_is_type_name() const {
+        if (!is(token_kind::id)) return false;
+        std::string const& t = m_curr.text;
+        if (t == "$i" || t == "$o" || t == "$int" || t == "$rat" || t == "$real")
+            return true;
+        auto it = m_sorts.find(t);
+        if (it != m_sorts.end() && it->second != nullptr)
+            return true;
+        return m_sort_ctors.find(t) != m_sort_ctors.end();
+    }
+
+    // Canonical polymorphic root for the THF curried-array (@-application) shape.
+    func_decl* poly_root_ho(std::string const& n, ptr_vector<sort> const& tdom, sort* trng) {
+        auto it = m_poly_root_ho.find(n);
+        if (it != m_poly_root_ho.end()) return it->second;
+        func_decl* root = m.mk_func_decl(symbol(n), 0, static_cast<sort**>(nullptr), get_ho_sort(tdom, trng));
+        m_pinned_decls.push_back(root);
+        m_poly_root_ho[n] = root;
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    // Canonical polymorphic root for the first-order function shape.
+    func_decl* poly_root_fo(std::string const& n, ptr_vector<sort> const& tdom, sort* trng) {
+        auto it = m_poly_root_fo.find(n);
+        if (it != m_poly_root_fo.end()) return it->second;
+        func_decl* root = m.mk_func_decl(symbol(n), tdom.size(), tdom.data(), trng);
+        m_pinned_decls.push_back(root);
+        m_poly_root_fo[n] = root;
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    // Instantiate the polymorphic root `root` at a concrete (or type-variable) signature.
+    // When the root actually carries type variables it is a genuine polymorphic root and
+    // the instance is registered against it (m_poly_roots) so z3 links the instances;
+    // otherwise a plain declaration suffices.
+    func_decl* mk_poly_instance(func_decl* root, unsigned arity, sort* const* dom, sort* rng) {
+        func_decl* f = root->is_polymorphic()
+                     ? m.instantiate_polymorphic(root, arity, dom, rng)
+                     : m.mk_func_decl(root->get_name(), arity, dom, rng);
+        m_pinned_decls.push_back(f);
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    // Attempt to build an application of a polymorphic (TF1/TH1) declaration `n`.
+    // Handles three surface forms:
+    //   * TF1 first-order explicit type application  f(T.., v..)  (fo_targs non-empty)
+    //   * TH1 @-application                          f @ T.. @ v..  (args empty, @ ahead)
+    //   * first-order type inference from arguments  f(v..) with args.size()==value-arity
+    // On success sets `out` and returns true; otherwise returns false (out untouched).
+    bool try_poly_application(std::string const& n, expr_ref_vector& args,
+                              ptr_vector<sort> const& fo_targs, expr_ref& out) {
+        auto tvit = m_decl_tvars.find(n);
+        if (tvit == m_decl_tvars.end()) return false;
+        ptr_vector<sort> const& tvars = tvit->second;
+        unsigned varity = m_poly_decl_arity[n];
+        auto sigit = m_typed_decls.find(mk_typed_key(n, varity));
+        if (sigit == m_typed_decls.end()) return false;
+        ptr_vector<sort> const& tdom = sigit->second.first;
+        sort* trng = sigit->second.second;
+
+        if (!fo_targs.empty()) {
+            ptr_vector<sort> cdom; sort_ref crng(m);
+            instantiate_sig(tvars, fo_targs, tdom, trng, cdom, crng);
+            func_decl* f = mk_poly_instance(poly_root_fo(n, tdom, trng), cdom.size(), cdom.data(), crng.get());
+            coerce_args(f, args);
+            out = expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, args.size(), args.data()), m);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (args.empty() && is(token_kind::at_tok)) {
+            ptr_vector<sort> targs;
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j < tvars.size() && is(token_kind::at_tok); ++j) {
+                next(); // consume @
+                targs.push_back(parse_type_at_arg());
+            }
+            ptr_vector<sort> cdom; sort_ref crng(m);
+            instantiate_sig(tvars, targs, tdom, trng, cdom, crng);
+            sort* ho = get_ho_sort(cdom, crng.get());
+            func_decl* f = mk_poly_instance(poly_root_ho(n, tdom, trng), 0, static_cast<sort**>(nullptr), ho);
+            out = expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, 0, static_cast<expr**>(nullptr)), m);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!args.empty() && args.size() == varity) {
+            polymorphism::substitution sub(m);
+            bool ok = true;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < varity; ++i)
+                if (!sub.match(tdom[i], args.get(i)->get_sort())) { ok = false; break; }
+            if (ok) {
+                ptr_vector<sort> cdom;
+                for (sort* d : tdom) { sort_ref s = sub(d); m_pinned_sorts.push_back(s); cdom.push_back(s.get()); }
+                sort_ref crng = sub(trng); m_pinned_sorts.push_back(crng);
+                func_decl* f = mk_poly_instance(poly_root_fo(n, tdom, trng), varity, cdom.data(), crng.get());
+                coerce_args(f, args);
+                out = expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, args.size(), args.data()), m);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static bool is_nonempty_digit_string(std::string const& s) {
+        if (s.empty()) return false;
+        for (char c : s) {
+            if (!std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <number>  ::= <integer> | <rational> | <real>
+    //          <integer> ::= <signed_integer> | <unsigned_integer>
+    //          <rational>::= <signed_integer>/<positive_integer>
+    //          <real>    ::= <signed_integer><dot_decimal> | ...
+    //          Parses integer, rational (N/D), and real (N.D or N.DeE) numeric literals.
+    expr_ref parse_numeral_from_name(std::string const& n) {
+        SASSERT(is_nonempty_digit_string(n));
+        rational num(n.c_str());
+        if (accept(token_kind::dot)) {
+            std::string frac = parse_name();
+            if (!is_nonempty_digit_string(frac))
+                throw parse_error("fractional part of decimal literal must be a sequence of digits");
+            rational den(1);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < frac.size(); ++i) {
+                den *= rational(10);
+            }
+            rational frac_num(frac.c_str());
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_numeral(num + frac_num / den, false), m);
+        }
+        if (accept(token_kind::slash_tok)) {
+            std::string d = parse_name();
+            if (!is_nonempty_digit_string(d))
+                throw parse_error("denominator of rational literal must be a sequence of digits");
+            rational den(d.c_str());
+            if (den.is_zero())
+                throw parse_error("denominator of rational literal cannot be zero");
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_numeral(num / den, false), m);
+        }
+        return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_numeral(num, true), m);
+    }
+
+    static std::string mk_decl_key(std::string const& name, unsigned arity, char tag) {
+        return std::to_string(name.size()) + ":" + name + "\x1f" + std::to_string(arity) + "\x1f" + tag;
+    }
+
+    static std::string mk_typed_key(std::string const& name, unsigned arity) {
+        return mk_decl_key(name, arity, 't');
+    }
+
+    func_decl* mk_decl(std::string const& name, unsigned arity, bool pred) {
+        auto itt = m_typed_decls.find(mk_typed_key(name, arity));
+        if (itt != m_typed_decls.end()) {
+            std::string typed_decl_key = mk_decl_key(name, arity, 'd');
+            auto itd = m_decls.find(typed_decl_key);
+            if (itd != m_decls.end())
+                return itd->second;
+            auto const& sig = itt->second;
+            func_decl* f = m.mk_func_decl(symbol(name), sig.first.size(), sig.first.data(), sig.second);
+            m_pinned_decls.push_back(f);
+            m_decls.emplace(typed_decl_key, f);
+            return f;
+        }
+
+        std::string key = mk_decl_key(name, arity, pred ? 'p' : 'f');
+        auto itd = m_decls.find(key);
+        if (itd != m_decls.end()) return itd->second;
+
+        ptr_vector<sort> dom(arity, m_univ);
+        func_decl* f = m.mk_func_decl(symbol(name), arity, dom.data(), pred ? m.mk_bool_sort() : m_univ);
+        m_pinned_decls.push_back(f);
+        m_decls.emplace(key, f);
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    // Create a modal operator declaration: Bool → Bool
+    func_decl* mk_modal_op(std::string const& name) {
+        std::string key = mk_decl_key(name, 1, 'm');
+        auto it = m_decls.find(key);
+        if (it != m_decls.end()) return it->second;
+        sort* bool_sort = m.mk_bool_sort();
+        func_decl* f = m.mk_func_decl(symbol(name), 1, &bool_sort, bool_sort);
+        m_pinned_decls.push_back(f);
+        m_decls.emplace(key, f);
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    // When a symbol is used with 0 args but has a typed decl with arity > 0,
+    // create a 0-arity constant with the function type sort (for THF function-as-value).
+    func_decl* mk_decl_or_ho_const(std::string const& name, unsigned arity, bool pred) {
+        if (arity == 0) {
+            // Check if there's a typed decl at any arity > 0 for this name
+            for (unsigned try_arity = 1; try_arity <= 30; ++try_arity) {
+                auto itt = m_typed_decls.find(mk_typed_key(name, try_arity));
+                if (itt != m_typed_decls.end()) {
+                    auto const& sig = itt->second;
+                    sort* ho = get_ho_sort(sig.first, sig.second);
+                    std::string dkey = mk_decl_key(name, 0, 'h');
+                    auto itd = m_decls.find(dkey);
+                    if (itd != m_decls.end()) return itd->second;
+                    func_decl* f = m.mk_func_decl(symbol(name), 0, static_cast<sort**>(nullptr), ho);
+                    m_pinned_decls.push_back(f);
+                    m_decls.emplace(dkey, f);
+                    return f;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return mk_decl(name, arity, pred);
+    }
+
+    // Coerce an expression to a target sort using boxing/unboxing functions
+    expr_ref coerce_arg(expr_ref const& e, sort* target) {
+        sort* actual = e->get_sort();
+        if (actual == target) return e;
+        // Int <-> Real conversions must use the arithmetic semantics (to_real /
+        // to_int), never an uninterpreted boxing function: an uninterpreted box
+        // severs the numeric link between the two sides and lets the solver build
+        // spurious models (e.g. it would make floor/ceiling identities sat).
+        if (m_arith.is_int(actual) && m_arith.is_real(target))
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_real(e), m);
+        if (m_arith.is_real(actual) && m_arith.is_int(target))
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_int(e), m);
+        // Create a boxing function from actual sort to target sort
+        std::string box_name = std::string("$box_") + actual->get_name().str() + "_to_" + target->get_name().str();
+        std::string key = mk_decl_key(box_name, 1, 'f');
+        auto it = m_decls.find(key);
+        func_decl* f;
+        if (it != m_decls.end()) {
+            f = it->second;
+        } else {
+            f = m.mk_func_decl(symbol(box_name), 1, &actual, target);
+            m_pinned_decls.push_back(f);
+            m_decls.emplace(key, f);
+        }
+        return expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, e.get()), m);
+    }
+
+    // Coerce expression to Bool sort — if U-sorted, wrap with an uninterpreted predicate
+    expr_ref ensure_bool(expr* e) {
+        if (m.is_bool(e->get_sort())) return expr_ref(e, m);
+        return coerce_arg(expr_ref(e, m), m.mk_bool_sort());
+    }
+
+    // Coerce arguments of a function application to match declared sorts
+    void coerce_args(func_decl* f, expr_ref_vector& args) {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size() && i < f->get_arity(); ++i) {
+            sort* expected = f->get_domain(i);
+            sort* actual = args.get(i)->get_sort();
+            if (expected != actual) {
+                args[i] = coerce_arg(expr_ref(args.get(i), m), expected);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Coerce result to expected sort if needed  
+    expr_ref coerce_result(expr_ref const& e, sort* expected) {
+        if (!expected || e->get_sort() == expected) return e;
+        return coerce_arg(e, expected);
+    }
+
+    bool find_bound(std::string const& n, expr_ref& e) const {
+        for (auto it = m_bound.rbegin(); it != m_bound.rend(); ++it) {
+            auto jt = it->find(n);
+            if (jt != it->end()) {
+                e = jt->second;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool is_bound_var(app* a) const {
+        std::string name = a->get_decl()->get_name().str();
+        for (auto it = m_bound.rbegin(); it != m_bound.rend(); ++it) {
+            auto jt = it->find(name);
+            if (jt != it->end() && jt->second == a)
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool should_create_implicit_var(std::string const& n) const {
+        return is_var_name(n) && m_implicit_scope;
+    }
+
+    app* get_or_create_implicit_var(std::string const& n) {
+        if (!m_implicit_scope)
+            throw parse_error("unexpected parser state: missing implicit variable scope");
+        auto it = m_implicit_scope->vars.find(n);
+        if (it != m_implicit_scope->vars.end()) return it->second;
+        app* c = m.mk_const(symbol(n), m_univ);
+        m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+        m_implicit_scope->vars.emplace(n, c);
+        m_implicit_scope->order.push_back(c);
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    class scoped_implicit_vars {
+        tptp_parser& m_p;
+        implicit_var_scope* m_prev_scope;
+    public:
+        scoped_implicit_vars(tptp_parser& p, implicit_var_scope& scope):
+            m_p(p),
+            m_prev_scope(p.m_implicit_scope) {
+            m_p.m_implicit_scope = &scope;
+        }
+        scoped_implicit_vars(scoped_implicit_vars const&) = delete;
+        scoped_implicit_vars& operator=(scoped_implicit_vars const&) = delete;
+        scoped_implicit_vars(scoped_implicit_vars&&) = delete;
+        scoped_implicit_vars& operator=(scoped_implicit_vars&&) = delete;
+        ~scoped_implicit_vars() {
+            m_p.m_implicit_scope = m_prev_scope;
+        }
+    };
+
+    expr_ref mk_quantifier(bool is_forall, ptr_vector<app> const& bound, expr_ref const& body) {
+        SASSERT(body);
+        if (bound.empty()) return body;
+        expr_ref b = ensure_bool(body);
+        return is_forall ? ::mk_forall(m, bound.size(), bound.data(), b.get()) : ::mk_exists(m, bound.size(), bound.data(), b.get());
+    }
+
+    // $is_rat(x) ≡ exists a:Int, b:Int. b != 0 && x = a/b
+    expr_ref mk_is_rat(expr_ref const& x) {
+        sort* int_sort = m_arith.mk_int();
+        app* a = m.mk_fresh_const("a", int_sort);
+        app* b = m.mk_fresh_const("b", int_sort);
+        expr_ref ar(m_arith.mk_to_real(a), m);
+        expr_ref br(m_arith.mk_to_real(b), m);
+        expr_ref xr(x);
+        if (m_arith.is_int(x))
+            xr = expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_real(x), m);
+        expr_ref b_ne_zero(m.mk_not(m.mk_eq(b, m_arith.mk_int(0))), m);
+        expr_ref x_eq_div(m.mk_eq(xr, m_arith.mk_div(ar, br)), m);
+        expr_ref body(m.mk_and(b_ne_zero, x_eq_div), m);
+        ptr_vector<app> bound;
+        bound.push_back(a);
+        bound.push_back(b);
+        return expr_ref(::mk_exists(m, bound.size(), bound.data(), body.get()), m);
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <thf_atomic_type>   ::= <type_constant> | <defined_type> | <variable> |
+    //                                   <thf_mapping_type> | (<thf_binary_type>)
+    //          <tff_atomic_type>   ::= <type_constant> | <defined_type> | <variable> |
+    //                                   <type_functor>(<tff_type_arguments>)
+    //          <defined_type>      ::= $oType | $o | $iType | $i | $tType | $real | $rat | $int
+    parsed_type parse_type_atom() {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            ptr_vector<sort> prod = parse_type_product_raw();
+            if (accept(token_kind::gt_tok)) {
+                // Full function type inside parens: (A * B > C) or (A > B > C)
+                parsed_type rhs = parse_type_expr();
+                ptr_vector<sort> full_domain = prod;
+                if (!rhs.domain.empty()) {
+                    // Nested higher-order: (A > B > C) → flatten
+                    full_domain.append(rhs.domain);
+                }
+                expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+                // Return with domain/range preserved for proper flattening
+                return parsed_type(full_domain, rhs.range);
+            }
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            if (prod.size() == 1)
+                return parsed_type(prod[0]);
+            // Parenthesized product: (A * B) — used as domain in outer context
+            return parsed_type(prod, nullptr);
+        }
+        std::string n = parse_name();
+        // Parameterized type constructor applied with parentheses: fun(A, B), list(A), ...
+        // Only names registered as genuine parametric type constructors (all type
+        // arguments) are built as parametric sorts; a value-indexed family such as
+        // fin: nat > $tType is NOT a type constructor — its "argument" is a value, so it
+        // is monomorphized onto U (and already flagged as a dependent type at declaration).
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            ptr_vector<sort> targs;
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                do {
+                    parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+                    targs.push_back(t.domain.empty() ? t.range : get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range));
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            }
+            if (m_sort_ctors.find(n) != m_sort_ctors.end())
+                return parsed_type(mk_type_ctor(n, targs));
+            return parsed_type(m_univ);
+        }
+        // Type-level application with @: list @ nat, pair @ A @ B, etc. Build the same
+        // parametric sort constructor from the @-separated type arguments (registered
+        // constructors only; otherwise monomorphize onto U).
+        if (is(token_kind::at_tok)) {
+            ptr_vector<sort> targs;
+            while (accept(token_kind::at_tok)) {
+                targs.push_back(parse_type_app_operand());
+            }
+            if (m_sort_ctors.find(n) != m_sort_ctors.end())
+                return parsed_type(mk_type_ctor(n, targs));
+            return parsed_type(m_univ);
+        }
+        sort* s = get_sort(n);
+        return parsed_type(s);
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <thf_xprod_type>    ::= <thf_unitary_type> * <thf_unitary_type>
+    //                                 | <thf_xprod_type> * <thf_unitary_type>
+    //          Product types form the domain in mapping types: (A * B) > C
+    ptr_vector<sort> parse_type_product_raw() {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        parsed_type first = parse_type_atom();
+        if (!first.domain.empty() && first.range == nullptr) {
+            // Already a parenthesized product from nested parens
+            ptr_vector<sort> args = first.domain;
+            while (accept(token_kind::star_tok)) {
+                parsed_type t = parse_type_atom();
+                if (!t.domain.empty()) {
+                    args.append(t.domain);
+                } else {
+                    args.push_back(t.range);
+                }
+            }
+            return args;
+        }
+        if (!first.domain.empty()) {
+            // Function type as first element of product — use ho_sort
+            sort* ho = get_ho_sort(first.domain, first.range);
+            ptr_vector<sort> args;
+            args.push_back(ho);
+            while (accept(token_kind::star_tok)) {
+                parsed_type t = parse_type_atom();
+                if (!t.domain.empty() && t.range != nullptr) {
+                    args.push_back(get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range));
+                } else if (!t.domain.empty()) {
+                    args.append(t.domain);
+                } else {
+                    args.push_back(t.range);
+                }
+            }
+            return args;
+        }
+        ptr_vector<sort> args;
+        args.push_back(first.range);
+        while (accept(token_kind::star_tok)) {
+            parsed_type t = parse_type_atom();
+            if (!t.domain.empty() && t.range != nullptr) {
+                args.push_back(get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range));
+            } else if (!t.domain.empty()) {
+                args.append(t.domain);
+            } else {
+                args.push_back(t.range);
+            }
+        }
+        return args;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <tff_top_level_type> ::= <tff_atomic_type> | <tff_mapping_type> | <tf1_quantified_type>
+    //          <tff_mapping_type>   ::= <tff_unitary_type> > <tff_atomic_type>
+    //          <thf_binary_type>    ::= <thf_mapping_type> | <thf_xprod_type>
+    //          <thf_mapping_type>   ::= <thf_unitary_type> > <thf_unitary_type>
+    parsed_type parse_type_product() {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        parsed_type first = parse_type_atom();
+        // If atom returned a function type and no '*' follows, return it directly
+        if (!first.domain.empty() && first.range != nullptr && !is(token_kind::star_tok)) {
+            return first;
+        }
+        // Build product vector
+        ptr_vector<sort> args;
+        if (!first.domain.empty() && first.range != nullptr) {
+            // Function type used as element in a product
+            args.push_back(get_ho_sort(first.domain, first.range));
+        } else if (!first.domain.empty() && first.range == nullptr) {
+            // Parenthesized product: flatten
+            args = first.domain;
+        } else {
+            args.push_back(first.range);
+        }
+        while (accept(token_kind::star_tok)) {
+            parsed_type t = parse_type_atom();
+            if (!t.domain.empty() && t.range != nullptr) {
+                args.push_back(get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range));
+            } else if (!t.domain.empty()) {
+                args.append(t.domain);
+            } else {
+                args.push_back(t.range);
+            }
+        }
+        return parsed_type(args, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <tff_top_level_type>  ::= <tff_atomic_type> | <tff_mapping_type> | <tf1_quantified_type>
+    //          <thf_binary_type>     ::= <thf_mapping_type> | <thf_xprod_type>
+    //          <tf1_quantified_type> ::= !> [<tff_variable_list>] : <tff_monotype>
+    //          Parses: atom, atom > atom, (A * B) > C, !>[X:$tType] : T
+    parsed_type parse_type_expr() {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        // Handle type quantification at the expression level for proper domain/range preservation
+        if (is(token_kind::type_forall_tok) || is(token_kind::type_exists_tok)) {
+            next();
+            expect(token_kind::lbrack, "'['");
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                do {
+                    std::string tv = parse_name();
+                    if (accept(token_kind::colon))
+                        parse_type_expr(); // consume $tType annotation
+                    // Genuine polymorphic type variable (ast_manager::mk_type_var) rather
+                    // than a monomorphizing collapse onto the universe sort U. This keeps
+                    // distinct type parameters distinct and makes the declaration a proper
+                    // polymorphic root, so uses can be instantiated per concrete type.
+                    //
+                    // mk_type_var interns by name, so the name must be globally unique:
+                    // TPTP reuses generic binder names (A, B, ...) across unrelated
+                    // declarations and in formula-level type quantifiers. If a declaration
+                    // binder shared a name with a use-site type variable, they would alias
+                    // to the same sort and instantiate_sig would build a self-substitution
+                    // A := A, which makes polymorphism::substitution recurse forever. A
+                    // '!'-prefixed counter cannot collide with any TPTP identifier.
+                    std::string fresh = "!" + std::to_string(m_tvar_counter++) + "_" + tv;
+                    sort* tvs = m.mk_type_var(symbol(fresh));
+                    m_pinned_sorts.push_back(tvs);
+                    m_sorts.insert_or_assign(tv, tvs);
+                    m_type_vars.emplace_back(tv, tvs);
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            }
+            expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+            // Type variables are type parameters, not value arguments: do NOT prepend
+            // them to the domain. The inner mapping type references them directly.
+            return parse_type_expr();
+        }
+        parsed_type prod = parse_type_product();
+        if (accept(token_kind::gt_tok)) {
+            parsed_type rhs = parse_type_expr();
+            // prod is either a product (domain non-empty, range==nullptr) or a single sort (domain empty)
+            ptr_vector<sort> domain;
+            if (!prod.domain.empty() && prod.range == nullptr) {
+                domain = prod.domain;
+            } else if (!prod.domain.empty() && prod.range != nullptr) {
+                // A function type as domain element — wrap it
+                domain.push_back(get_ho_sort(prod.domain, prod.range));
+            } else {
+                domain.push_back(prod.range);
+            }
+            if (!rhs.domain.empty()) {
+                // Higher-order result type: A > (B > C) flattened to (A, B) > C
+                domain.append(rhs.domain);
+                return parsed_type(domain, rhs.range);
+            }
+            return parsed_type(domain, rhs.range);
+        }
+        // No '>' follows — must be a single type or a function type from parens
+        if (!prod.domain.empty() && prod.range != nullptr) {
+            // Function type from parenthesized expression
+            return prod;
+        }
+        if (!prod.domain.empty() && prod.range == nullptr) {
+            if (prod.domain.size() != 1)
+                throw parse_error("type product must be followed by '>'");
+            return parsed_type(prod.domain[0]);
+        }
+        return parsed_type(prod.range);
+    }
+
+    void skip_annotations_until_rparen() {
+        int depth = 0;
+        while (!is(token_kind::eof_tok)) {
+            if (accept(token_kind::lparen) || accept(token_kind::lbrack)) {
+                ++depth;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (is(token_kind::rparen) || is(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                if (depth == 0) return;
+                --depth;
+                next();
+                continue;
+            }
+            next();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void skip_balanced(token_kind open_k, token_kind close_k) {
+        int depth = 1;
+        while (depth > 0 && !is(token_kind::eof_tok)) {
+            if (accept(open_k)) ++depth;
+            else if (accept(close_k)) --depth;
+            else next();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <tff_plain_atomic>  ::= <functor> | <functor>(<tff_arguments>)
+    //          <tff_arguments>     ::= <tff_term> | <tff_term>,<tff_arguments>
+    //          <defined_term>      ::= <defined_atom> | <defined_functor>(<tff_arguments>)
+    //          <defined_functor>   ::= $uminus | $sum | $difference | $product | ...
+    //          <tff_conditional>   ::= $ite(<tff_logic_formula>,<tff_term>,<tff_term>)
+    //          Handles: numerals, bound variables, let-bound names, defined functors,
+    //          plain function/constant symbols, parenthesized formulas.
+    expr_ref parse_term();
+
+    // Grammar: (same as parse_term, primary productions)
+    expr_ref parse_term_primary() {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            expr_ref e = parse_formula(false);
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            return e;
+        }
+        if (accept(token_kind::lambda_tok)) {
+            return parse_lambda_expr();
+        }
+        if (accept(token_kind::minus_tok)) {
+            expr_ref e = parse_term_primary();
+            if (!m_arith.is_int_real(e))
+                throw parse_error("unary '-' expects arithmetic term");
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_uminus(e), m);
+        }
+        std::string n = parse_name();
+        if (n == "$true") return expr_ref(m.mk_true(), m);
+        if (n == "$false") return expr_ref(m.mk_false(), m);
+
+        if (!m_last_name_quoted && is_nonempty_digit_string(n)) {
+            return parse_numeral_from_name(n);
+        }
+
+        bool dq_name = m_last_name_dquoted;
+        expr_ref b(m);
+        // Check bound variables: uppercase (quantifier vars) AND lowercase (let-bound names)
+        if (!m_last_name_quoted && find_bound(n, b)) {
+            // For let-bound names followed by '(', apply via array select (function-style let)
+            if (is(token_kind::lparen)) {
+                next();
+                expr_ref_vector fargs(m);
+                if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                    do { fargs.push_back(parse_term()); } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                    expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+                }
+                expr_ref result = b;
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < fargs.size(); ++i)
+                    result = expr_ref(m_array.mk_select(result, fargs.get(i)), m);
+                return result;
+            }
+            return b;
+        }
+        if (!m_last_name_quoted && should_create_implicit_var(n))
+            return expr_ref(get_or_create_implicit_var(n), m);
+
+        expr_ref_vector args(m);
+        ptr_vector<sort> fo_targs; // TF1 explicit leading type arguments, if any
+        // $ite needs special parsing: first arg is formula, rest are formulas (branches can be equalities)
+        if (n == "$ite") {
+            expect(token_kind::lparen, "'('");
+            args.push_back(parse_formula(true));
+            expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+            args.push_back(parse_formula(false));
+            expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+            args.push_back(parse_formula(false));
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+        }
+        else if (n == "$let") {
+            return parse_let_expr();
+        }
+        else if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                // TF1 explicit polymorphic type application: a first-order call to a
+                // polymorphic symbol supplies its k type arguments first, as type
+                // names, e.g. mixture(beverage, coffee, S). Parse those k leading
+                // arguments as sorts rather than terms; the remainder are values.
+                auto tvit = m_decl_tvars.find(n);
+                if (tvit != m_decl_tvars.end() && !tvit->second.empty() && current_is_type_name()) {
+                    unsigned ntv = tvit->second.size();
+                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < ntv; ++j) {
+                        fo_targs.push_back(parse_type_at_arg());
+                        if (j + 1 < ntv) expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+                    }
+                    if (accept(token_kind::comma))
+                        do { args.push_back(parse_term()); } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                }
+                else {
+                    do { args.push_back(parse_term()); } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                }
+                expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Table-driven prefix operator dispatch
+        auto op_it = m_ops.find(n);
+        if (op_it != m_ops.end() && !op_it->second.is_infix) {
+            if (args.empty()) {
+                while (accept(token_kind::at_tok))
+                    args.push_back(parse_at_arg());
+            }
+            return op_it->second.builder(args);
+        }
+
+        // Polymorphic declaration (declared with !>[T:$tType] : ...): instantiate the
+        // declaration to the concrete type(s) at the use site rather than boxing onto U.
+        if (expr_ref pe(m); try_poly_application(n, args, fo_targs, pe))
+            return pe;
+
+        func_decl* f = mk_decl_or_ho_const(n, args.size(), false);
+        coerce_args(f, args);
+        expr_ref term(args.empty() ? m.mk_const(f) : m.mk_app(f, args.size(), args.data()), m);
+        if (dq_name && args.empty())
+            register_distinct_object(n, term);
+        return term;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <tff_logic_formula>   ::= <tff_unitary_formula> | <tff_binary_formula>
+    //          <thf_logic_formula>   ::= <thf_unitary_formula> | <thf_binary_formula>
+    //          Entry point for formula parsing (wraps parse_expr with default precedence).
+    expr_ref parse_formula(bool is_boolean);
+
+    // Grammar: <thf_apply_formula> ::= <thf_unitary_formula> @ <thf_unitary_formula>
+    //                               | <thf_apply_formula> @ <thf_unitary_formula>
+    //          @ is THF function application, encoded via array select.
+    expr_ref apply_at(expr_ref e) {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        if (!is(token_kind::at_tok)) return e;
+        
+        // @ corresponds to array select (function application)
+        while (accept(token_kind::at_tok)) {
+            expr_ref arg = parse_at_arg();
+            sort* e_sort = e->get_sort();
+            if (!m_array.is_array(e_sort)) {
+                sort* arg_sort = arg->get_sort();
+                sort* result_sort = m.is_bool(arg_sort) ? m.mk_bool_sort() : m_univ;
+                sort* arr_sort = m_array.mk_array_sort(arg_sort, result_sort);
+                m_pinned_sorts.push_back(arr_sort);
+                e = coerce_arg(e, arr_sort);
+            } else {
+                // Array but domain may not match arg sort — coerce arg
+                sort* dom = get_array_domain(e_sort, 0);
+                if (dom != arg->get_sort())
+                    arg = coerce_arg(arg, dom);
+            }
+            e = expr_ref(m_array.mk_select(e, arg), m);
+        }
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: Argument to @ (THF application); may be an atom, negation, quantified formula,
+    //          parenthesized formula, or lambda. Handles the right-operand of <thf_apply_formula>.
+    // Parse an argument to @ — can be a term, a formula (negation, quantifier, parens with connectives), or a lambda
+    expr_ref parse_at_arg() {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        if (accept(token_kind::not_tok)) {
+            expr_ref e = parse_at_arg();
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_not(ensure_bool(e)), m);
+        }
+        if (accept(token_kind::lambda_tok)) {
+            return parse_lambda_expr();
+        }
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            expr_ref e = parse_formula(false);
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            // Do NOT call apply_at here — outer apply_at owns the remaining @ tokens
+            return e;
+        }
+        if (is(token_kind::forall_tok) || is(token_kind::exists_tok)) {
+            bool is_forall = is(token_kind::forall_tok);
+            next();
+            expect(token_kind::lbrack, "'['");
+            ptr_vector<app> vars;
+            std::unordered_map<std::string, app*> scope;
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                do {
+                    std::string v = parse_name();
+                    sort* s = m_univ;
+                    if (accept(token_kind::colon)) {
+                        parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+                        if (!t.domain.empty()) s = get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range);
+                        else s = t.range;
+                    }
+                    app* c = m.mk_const(symbol(v), s);
+                    m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+                    vars.push_back(c);
+                    scope.emplace(v, c);
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            }
+            expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+            m_bound.push_back(scope);
+            // Quantifier body in @-arg should NOT consume @ — those belong to enclosing application
+            bool save_in_at_arg = m_in_at_arg;
+            m_in_at_arg = true;
+            expr_ref body = parse_formula(false);
+            m_in_at_arg = save_in_at_arg;
+            m_bound.pop_back();
+            return mk_quantifier(is_forall, vars, body);
+        }
+        // Simple term (name with optional function args) — no @ consumption here
+        return parse_term_primary();
+    }
+
+    func_decl* mk_zero_arity_decl(symbol const& name, sort* range) {
+        std::string name_str = name.str();
+        if (range == m_univ)
+            return mk_decl_or_ho_const(name_str, 0, false);
+        if (m.is_bool(range))
+            return mk_decl_or_ho_const(name_str, 0, true);
+        std::string key = mk_decl_key(name_str, 0, 'c') + "\x1f" + std::to_string(range->get_id());
+        auto it = m_decls.find(key);
+        if (it != m_decls.end()) return it->second;
+        func_decl* f = m.mk_const_decl(name, range);
+        m_pinned_decls.push_back(f);
+        m_decls.emplace(key, f);
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    expr_ref coerce_zero_arity(app* a, sort* range) {
+        return expr_ref(m.mk_const(mk_zero_arity_decl(a->get_decl()->get_name(), range)), m);
+    }
+
+    // Coerce an expression from Bool sort to m_univ by rebuilding with a function decl.
+    // Works for both 0-arity constants and function applications.
+    expr_ref coerce_to_univ(expr_ref const& e) {
+        if (!is_app(e) || e->get_sort() == m_univ)
+            return e;
+        app* a = to_app(e);
+        if (a->get_num_args() == 0)
+            return coerce_zero_arity(a, m_univ);
+        // Rebuild with a function (non-predicate) declaration
+        func_decl* f = mk_decl(a->get_decl()->get_name().str(), a->get_num_args(), false);
+        expr_ref_vector args(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < a->get_num_args(); ++i)
+            args.push_back(a->get_arg(i));
+        coerce_args(f, args);
+        return expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, args.size(), args.data()), m);
+    }
+
+    // Coerce two expressions to have the same sort for equality.
+    // In TPTP, = is term equality and m_univ is the default sort.
+    // If sorts already match, returns lhs unchanged; otherwise applies minimal
+    // arithmetic/box coercions so both sides of an equality share a sort.
+    expr_ref coerce_eq(expr_ref lhs, expr_ref& rhs) {
+        // No coercion is needed when both sides already share a sort. In particular
+        // `=` between two Boolean ($o) operands is logical equivalence (iff): keep
+        // them Boolean instead of forcing one into the term universe U.
+        if (lhs->get_sort() == rhs->get_sort())
+            return lhs;
+        if (m_arith.is_int_real(lhs) && m_arith.is_int_real(rhs))
+            return lhs;
+        // Coerce 0-arity constants to match the other side's sort
+        if (is_app(lhs) && to_app(lhs)->get_num_args() == 0) {
+            return coerce_zero_arity(to_app(lhs), rhs->get_sort());
+        }
+        if (is_app(rhs) && to_app(rhs)->get_num_args() == 0) {
+            rhs = coerce_zero_arity(to_app(rhs), lhs->get_sort());
+            return lhs;
+        }
+        // Last resort: coerce both sides to have the same sort
+        // Prefer coercing to rhs sort, falling back to m_univ
+        sort* target = rhs->get_sort();
+        lhs = coerce_arg(lhs, target);
+        
+        return lhs;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <txf_let_defn>  ::= <txf_let_LHS> := <tff_term>
+    //          <txf_let_LHS>  ::= <tff_plain_atomic> | <txf_tuple>
+    //          <thf_let_defn> ::= <thf_logic_formula> := <thf_logic_formula>
+    // Parse a single let definition: name := value or name(X,Y,...) := value.
+    // For function-style definitions, wraps value in lambdas over the parameter variables.
+    std::pair<std::string, expr_ref> parse_single_let_defn() {
+        std::string name = parse_name();
+        ptr_vector<app> param_vars;
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, app*> param_scope;
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                do {
+                    std::string v = parse_name();
+                    app* c = m.mk_const(symbol(v), m_univ);
+                    m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+                    param_vars.push_back(c);
+                    param_scope.emplace(v, c);
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            }
+        }
+        // Parse ':='
+        expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+        expect(token_kind::equal_tok, "'='");
+        // Bind parameter variables for parsing the RHS
+        if (!param_scope.empty())
+            m_bound.push_back(param_scope);
+        expr_ref value = parse_formula(false);
+        if (!param_scope.empty())
+            m_bound.pop_back();
+        // For function-style definitions, wrap value in lambdas
+        if (!param_vars.empty()) {
+            expr_ref result = value;
+            for (unsigned i = param_vars.size(); i-- > 0; ) {
+                expr_ref abs_body(m);
+                expr_abstract(m, 0, 1, (expr* const*)&param_vars[i], result, abs_body);
+                sort* s = param_vars[i]->get_sort();
+                symbol nm = param_vars[i]->get_decl()->get_name();
+                result = expr_ref(m.mk_lambda(1, &s, &nm, abs_body), m);
+            }
+            value = result;
+        }
+        return {name, std::move(value)};
+    }
+
+    // Parse $let(types, defns, body)
+    // Grammar:
+    //   thf_let  ::= $let(thf_let_types, thf_let_defns, thf_logic_formula)
+    //   txf_let  ::= $let(txf_let_types, txf_let_defns, tff_term)
+    //   let_types ::= atom_typing | [atom_typing_list]
+    //   let_defns ::= let_defn | [let_defn_list]
+    //   let_defn  ::= LHS := RHS
+    expr_ref parse_let_expr() {
+        expect(token_kind::lparen, "'('");
+
+        // --- Part 1: Parse type declarations ---
+        std::vector<std::string> let_names;
+        ptr_vector<sort> let_sorts;
+
+        auto parse_one_typing = [&]() {
+            std::string name = parse_name();
+            if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+                if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                    do { parse_type_expr(); } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                    expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+                }
+            }
+            expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+            parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+            sort* s = t.domain.empty() ? t.range : get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range);
+            let_names.push_back(name);
+            let_sorts.push_back(s);
+        };
+
+        if (is(token_kind::lbrack)) {
+            next();
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                do { parse_one_typing(); } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            }
+        } else {
+            parse_one_typing();
+        }
+
+        expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+
+        // --- Create bound constants for all let-bound names ---
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, app*> scope;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < let_names.size(); ++i) {
+            app* c = m.mk_const(symbol(let_names[i]), let_sorts[i]);
+            m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+            scope.emplace(let_names[i], c);
+        }
+
+        // --- Part 2: Parse definitions ---
+        // Let-bound names are NOT in scope during RHS parsing (non-recursive semantics).
+        // Each definition has its own ':=' operator.
+        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, expr_ref>> defns;
+
+        if (is(token_kind::lbrack)) {
+            next();
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                do {
+                    defns.push_back(parse_single_let_defn());
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            }
+        } else {
+            defns.push_back(parse_single_let_defn());
+        }
+
+        expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+
+        // --- Part 3: Parse body with let-bound names in scope ---
+        m_bound.push_back(scope);
+        expr_ref body = parse_formula(false);
+        m_bound.pop_back();
+        expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+
+        // --- Substitute all let bindings in the body ---
+        expr_safe_replace replacer(m);
+        for (auto& [defn_name, defn_value] : defns) {
+            auto it = scope.find(defn_name);
+            if (it != scope.end())
+                replacer.insert(it->second, defn_value.get());
+        }
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        replacer(body, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <tff_atomic_formula> ::= <tff_plain_atomic_formula> | <tff_defined_atomic_formula>
+    //                                | <tff_system_atomic_formula>
+    //          <tff_plain_atomic_formula> ::= <tff_plain_atomic>
+    //          <tff_defined_atomic_formula> ::= <tff_defined_plain_formula> | <tff_defined_infix_formula>
+    //          <tff_defined_plain_formula> ::= $true | $false | <defined_pred>(<tff_arguments>)
+    //          <defined_pred>     ::= $less | $lesseq | $greater | $greatereq | $is_int | $is_rat | ...
+    //          <defined_infix_pred> ::= = | !=
+    //          Also handles: let-bound name resolution, implicit variable creation.
+    expr_ref parse_atomic_formula(bool is_boolean) {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            // Check for parenthesized connective used as higher-order term: (~), (&), (|), etc.
+            if (is(token_kind::not_tok) || is(token_kind::and_tok) || is(token_kind::or_tok) ||
+                is(token_kind::implies_tok) || is(token_kind::iff_tok) || is(token_kind::xor_tok)) {
+                std::string op_text;
+                unsigned arity = 2;
+                switch (m_curr.kind) {
+                case token_kind::not_tok: op_text = "~"; arity = 1; break;
+                case token_kind::and_tok: op_text = "&"; break;
+                case token_kind::or_tok: op_text = "|"; break;
+                case token_kind::implies_tok: op_text = "=>"; break;
+                case token_kind::iff_tok: op_text = "<=>"; break;
+                case token_kind::xor_tok: op_text = "<~>"; break;
+                default: break;
+                }
+                token saved = m_curr;
+                next();
+                if (accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                    // A parenthesized connective used as a higher-order term, e.g.
+                    // "(~) @ p" or "(|) @ p @ q". Encode it as a genuine lambda over Bool
+                    // carrying the real logical semantics, so that application beta-reduces
+                    // to the actual connective (e.g. "(~) @ p" ==> "not p"). Encoding it as
+                    // an uninterpreted array constant instead would sever it from Boolean
+                    // logic and make valid higher-order theorems spuriously
+                    // CounterSatisfiable (the (~)/(|) applications would be unrelated to the
+                    // truth values of their operands).
+                    (void)op_text;
+                    sort* bool_sort = m.mk_bool_sort();
+                    symbol xn("X"), yn("Y");
+                    if (arity == 1) {
+                        // (~)  ==>  ^[X:$o] : ~X
+                        expr_ref body(m.mk_not(m.mk_var(0, bool_sort)), m);
+                        return expr_ref(m.mk_lambda(1, &bool_sort, &xn, body), m);
+                    }
+                    // binary connective  ==>  ^[X:$o] : ^[Y:$o] : (X <op> Y)
+                    // de Bruijn: X is var(1) (outer binder), Y is var(0) (inner binder).
+                    expr* vx = m.mk_var(1, bool_sort);
+                    expr* vy = m.mk_var(0, bool_sort);
+                    expr_ref opbody(m);
+                    switch (saved.kind) {
+                    case token_kind::and_tok:     opbody = m.mk_and(vx, vy); break;
+                    case token_kind::or_tok:      opbody = m.mk_or(vx, vy); break;
+                    case token_kind::implies_tok: opbody = m.mk_implies(vx, vy); break;
+                    case token_kind::iff_tok:     opbody = m.mk_eq(vx, vy); break;
+                    case token_kind::xor_tok:     opbody = m.mk_xor(vx, vy); break;
+                    default:                      opbody = m.mk_eq(vx, vy); break;
+                    }
+                    expr_ref inner(m.mk_lambda(1, &bool_sort, &yn, opbody), m);
+                    return expr_ref(m.mk_lambda(1, &bool_sort, &xn, inner), m);
+                }
+                // Not a parenthesized connective — lparen was consumed and connective was consumed
+                // but ')' didn't follow. Parse as formula with the connective already consumed.
+                expr_ref inner(m);
+                if (saved.kind == token_kind::not_tok) {
+                    // "( ~ <formula> )": the '~' is a unary connective binding only the
+                    // next unary unit; ordinary binary connectives then apply at their
+                    // own precedence (e.g. "( ~ p | q )" is "(~p) | q", NOT "~(p | q)").
+                    // We have already consumed '(' and '~', so negate the next unit and
+                    // resume precedence-climbing parsing from that negated left operand.
+                    expr_ref operand = parse_unary_formula(true);
+                    expr_ref neg(m.mk_not(ensure_bool(operand)), m);
+                    inner = parse_binary_rest(neg, PREC_IFF, true);
+                } else {
+                    // Binary connective at start of parens — shouldn't happen in valid TPTP
+                    throw parse_error("unexpected connective after '(' at " + loc());
+                }
+                expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+                return inner;
+            }
+            // Parentheses create a new scope for @ consumption
+            bool save_in_at_arg = m_in_at_arg;
+            m_in_at_arg = false;
+            expr_ref e = parse_formula(is_boolean);
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            m_in_at_arg = save_in_at_arg;
+            return e;
+        }
+
+        if (accept(token_kind::modal_tok))
+            throw parse_error("modal operators not supported in TPTP input at " + loc());
+
+        // Handle negative numerals in formula position: -2 = $uminus(2)
+        if (accept(token_kind::minus_tok)) {
+            expr_ref t = parse_term();
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_uminus(t), m);
+        }
+
+        // Tuple/list in formula position: [t1, t2, ...] — return first element for simplicity
+        if (accept(token_kind::lbrack)) {
+            if (accept(token_kind::rbrack))
+                return expr_ref(m.mk_const(symbol("$nil"), m_univ), m);
+            expr_ref first = parse_formula(is_boolean);
+            while (accept(token_kind::comma))
+                parse_formula(is_boolean); // consume remaining elements
+            expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            return first;
+        }
+
+        std::string n = parse_name();
+        if (n == "$true") return expr_ref(m.mk_true(), m);
+        if (n == "$false") return expr_ref(m.mk_false(), m);
+
+        if (!m_last_name_quoted && is_nonempty_digit_string(n)) {
+            return parse_numeral_from_name(n);
+        }
+
+        bool dq_name = m_last_name_dquoted;
+        // Check if name is let-bound (works for both uppercase vars and lowercase let-bound names)
+        {
+            expr_ref b(m);
+            if (!m_last_name_quoted && find_bound(n, b)) {
+                // If followed by '(' args, apply via array select (function-style let)
+                if (is(token_kind::lparen)) {
+                    next();
+                    expr_ref_vector fargs(m);
+                    if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                        do { fargs.push_back(parse_term()); } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                        expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+                    }
+                    expr_ref result = b;
+                    for (unsigned i = 0; i < fargs.size(); ++i)
+                        result = expr_ref(m_array.mk_select(result, fargs.get(i)), m);
+                    return result;
+                }
+                return b;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Choice operators @+ and @- with quantifier-like syntax: @+[X: T] : body
+        if ((n == "@+" || n == "@-") && is(token_kind::lbrack)) {
+            expect(token_kind::lbrack, "'['");
+            ptr_vector<app> vars;
+            std::unordered_map<std::string, app*> scope;
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                do {
+                    std::string v = parse_name();
+                    sort* s = m_univ;
+                    if (accept(token_kind::colon)) {
+                        parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+                        if (!t.domain.empty()) s = get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range);
+                        else s = t.range;
+                    }
+                    app* c = m.mk_const(symbol(v), s);
+                    m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+                    vars.push_back(c);
+                    scope.emplace(v, c);
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            }
+            expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+            m_bound.push_back(scope);
+            expr_ref body = parse_formula(is_boolean);
+            m_bound.pop_back();
+            // Choice/description operator. @+ is Hilbert's choice (indefinite
+            // description) and @- is definite description. Both denote an ELEMENT of
+            // the bound sort T — a witness selected from those satisfying the predicate
+            // — NOT a Boolean. Encode as Z3's array OP_CHOICE applied to the predicate
+            // lambda (λX:T. body), which yields a term of sort T (cf. smt2parser).
+            if (vars.empty())
+                return body;
+            expr_ref pred = ensure_bool(body);
+            // OP_CHOICE is single-arity. With several binders choose over the first
+            // variable and existentially bind the remainder inside the predicate.
+            if (vars.size() > 1) {
+                ptr_vector<app> rest;
+                for (unsigned i = 1; i < vars.size(); ++i) rest.push_back(vars[i]);
+                pred = expr_ref(::mk_exists(m, rest.size(), rest.data(), pred.get()), m);
+            }
+            app* xvar = vars[0];
+            expr_ref abs_body(m);
+            expr_abstract(m, 0, 1, (expr* const*)&xvar, pred, abs_body);
+            sort* xs = xvar->get_sort();
+            symbol xnm = xvar->get_decl()->get_name();
+            expr_ref lam(m.mk_lambda(1, &xs, &xnm, abs_body), m);
+            return expr_ref(m_array.mk_choice(lam), m);
+        }
+
+        // Universal (!!) and existential (??) quantifier combinators (TPTP THF):
+        //   !! : !>[A] : ((A > $o) > $o)   !! @ A @ P  ==  ! [X:A] : (P @ X)
+        //   ?? : !>[A] : ((A > $o) > $o)   ?? @ A @ P  ==  ? [X:A] : (P @ X)
+        // These are the quantifier-as-operator forms (the files typically also carry
+        // a defining axiom of exactly this shape). A TH1 use supplies the domain type
+        // A explicitly first (!! @ A @ P); a TH0 use omits it and A is recovered from
+        // the predicate's array sort. The predicate P has sort (A > $o), encoded as
+        // Array(A, $o); it is applied to the fresh bound variable by array select,
+        // and the whole term is a Boolean quantifier (no boxing coercion).
+        if ((n == "!!" || n == "??") && is(token_kind::at_tok)) {
+            bool is_forall = (n == "!!");
+            accept(token_kind::at_tok);
+            sort* dom = nullptr;
+            if (current_is_type_name()) {
+                dom = parse_type_at_arg();
+                expect(token_kind::at_tok, "'@'");
+            }
+            expr_ref pred = parse_at_arg();
+            sort* ps = pred->get_sort();
+            if (!dom)
+                dom = m_array.is_array(ps) ? get_array_domain(ps, 0) : m_univ;
+            app* c = m.mk_const(symbol(("!q" + std::to_string(m_tvar_counter++)).c_str()), dom);
+            m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+            expr_ref body = ensure_bool(expr_ref(m_array.mk_select(pred.get(), c), m));
+            app* cs[1] = { c };
+            expr_ref q = is_forall ? ::mk_forall(m, 1, cs, body.get())
+                                   : ::mk_exists(m, 1, cs, body.get());
+            return q;
+        }
+
+        expr_ref_vector args(m);
+        ptr_vector<sort> fo_targs; // TF1 explicit leading type arguments, if any
+        // $ite needs special parsing: first arg is formula, rest are formulas (branches can be equalities)
+        if (n == "$ite") {
+            expect(token_kind::lparen, "'('");
+            args.push_back(parse_formula(true));
+            expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+            args.push_back(parse_formula(is_boolean));
+            expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+            args.push_back(parse_formula(is_boolean));
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+        }
+        else if (n == "$let") {
+            return parse_let_expr();
+        }
+        else if (accept(token_kind::lparen)) {
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rparen)) {
+                // TF1 explicit polymorphic type application: a first-order call to a
+                // polymorphic symbol supplies its k type arguments first, as type
+                // names, e.g. mixture(beverage, coffee, S). Parse those k leading
+                // arguments as sorts rather than terms; the remainder are values.
+                auto tvit = m_decl_tvars.find(n);
+                if (tvit != m_decl_tvars.end() && !tvit->second.empty() && current_is_type_name()) {
+                    unsigned ntv = tvit->second.size();
+                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < ntv; ++j) {
+                        fo_targs.push_back(parse_type_at_arg());
+                        if (j + 1 < ntv) expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+                    }
+                    if (accept(token_kind::comma))
+                        do { args.push_back(parse_term()); } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                }
+                else {
+                    do { args.push_back(parse_term()); } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                }
+                expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Table-driven prefix operator dispatch
+        auto op_it = m_ops.find(n);
+        if (op_it != m_ops.end() && !op_it->second.is_infix) {
+            if (args.empty()) {
+                while (accept(token_kind::at_tok))
+                    args.push_back(parse_at_arg());
+            }
+            return op_it->second.builder(args);
+        }
+
+        expr_ref lhs(m);
+        bool has_lhs = false;
+        if (args.empty()) {
+            if (!m_last_name_quoted && should_create_implicit_var(n)) {
+                lhs = expr_ref(get_or_create_implicit_var(n), m);
+                has_lhs = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (has_lhs)
+            return lhs;
+
+        // Polymorphic declaration (declared with !>[T:$tType] : ...). Instead of the
+        // monomorphizing box coercions that collapse every type parameter onto U, we
+        // instantiate the declaration to the concrete type(s) at each use.
+        if (expr_ref pe(m); try_poly_application(n, args, fo_targs, pe))
+            return pe;
+
+        auto typed = m_typed_decls.find(mk_typed_key(n, args.size()));
+        if (typed != m_typed_decls.end()) {
+            func_decl* f = args.empty() ? mk_decl_or_ho_const(n, 0, false) : mk_decl(n, args.size(), false);
+            coerce_args(f, args);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, args.size(), args.data()), m);
+        }
+
+        is_boolean = is_boolean && !is(token_kind::equal_tok) && !is(token_kind::neq_tok);
+
+
+        func_decl* pred = mk_decl_or_ho_const(n, args.size(), is_boolean);
+        coerce_args(pred, args);
+        expr_ref atom(m.mk_app(pred, args.size(), args.data()), m);
+        if (dq_name && args.empty() && !m.is_bool(atom))
+            register_distinct_object(n, atom);
+        return atom;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <thf_abstraction> ::= ^ [<thf_variable_list>] : <thf_unitary_formula>
+    //          <thf_variable_list> ::= <thf_variable> | <thf_variable>,<thf_variable_list>
+    //          <thf_variable>      ::= <thf_typed_variable> | <variable>
+    //          Produces Z3 lambda terms (array-valued).
+    // Parse THF lambda expression: ^ [X: T, ...] : body
+    // Uses Z3's native lambda construct, which produces array terms.
+    expr_ref parse_lambda_expr() {
+        expect(token_kind::lbrack, "'['");
+        ptr_vector<app> vars;
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, app*> scope;
+        if (!accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+            do {
+                std::string v = parse_name();
+                sort* s = m_univ;
+                if (accept(token_kind::colon)) {
+                    parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+                    if (!t.domain.empty()) {
+                        s = get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range);
+                    } else if (t.range) {
+                        s = t.range;
+                    }
+                }
+                app* c = m.mk_const(symbol(v), s);
+                m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+                vars.push_back(c);
+                scope.emplace(v, c);
+            } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+            expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+        }
+        expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+        m_bound.push_back(scope);
+        // Lambda body does NOT consume @ — @ belongs to the enclosing application
+        bool save_in_at_arg = m_in_at_arg;
+        m_in_at_arg = true;
+        expr_ref body = parse_formula(false);
+        m_in_at_arg = save_in_at_arg;
+        m_bound.pop_back();
+        if (vars.empty())
+            return body;
+        // Create nested single-variable lambdas (curried) to match our curried array encoding.
+        // ^[X:A, Y:B] : body  becomes  ^[X:A] : (^[Y:B] : body)  with sort Array(A, Array(B, body_sort))
+        expr_ref result = body;
+        for (unsigned i = vars.size(); i-- > 0; ) {
+            expr_ref abs_body(m);
+            expr_abstract(m, 0, 1, (expr* const*)&vars[i], result, abs_body);
+            sort* s = vars[i]->get_sort();
+            symbol nm = vars[i]->get_decl()->get_name();
+            result = expr_ref(m.mk_lambda(1, &s, &nm, abs_body), m);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <tff_unary_formula>   ::= <tff_prefix_unary> | <tff_infix_unary>
+    //          <tff_prefix_unary>   ::= <unary_connective> <tff_preunit_formula>
+    //          <unary_connective>   ::= ~
+    //          <tff_quantified_formula> ::= <fof_quantifier> [<tff_variable_list>] : <tff_unit_formula>
+    //          <thf_quantified_formula> ::= <thf_quantification> <thf_unitary_formula>
+    //          <fof_quantifier>     ::= ! | ?
+    //          Also handles: $ite, $let, lambda (^), parenthesized formulas, and atomic formulas.
+    expr_ref parse_unary_formula(bool is_boolean) {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        if (accept(token_kind::not_tok)) {
+            expr_ref e = parse_unary_formula(true);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_not(ensure_bool(e)), m);
+        }
+
+        // Modal box operators: [.] or [name] — only when followed by ']' (not a tuple)
+        if (is(token_kind::lbrack)) {
+            // Peek: if [.] pattern, parse as modal; if [name] (no comma), parse as modal
+            // Otherwise fall through to parse_atomic_formula which handles tuples
+            token saved = m_curr;
+            next(); // consume '['
+            if (accept(token_kind::dot)) {
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+                expr_ref sub = parse_unary_formula(is_boolean);
+                func_decl* f = mk_modal_op("box");
+                return expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, sub.get()), m);
+            }
+            if ((is(token_kind::id) || is(token_kind::str)) && !is(token_kind::comma)) {
+                std::string mod_name = "box_" + m_curr.text;
+                std::string first_name = m_curr.text;
+                next();
+                if (accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                    expr_ref sub = parse_unary_formula(is_boolean);
+                    func_decl* f = mk_modal_op(mod_name);
+                    return expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, sub.get()), m);
+                }
+                // Not a simple [name] modal — it's a tuple starting with this name.
+                // We've consumed '[' and a name. Parse the name as an expression and
+                // continue as tuple.
+                expr_ref first(m);
+                expr_ref b(m);
+                if (is_var_name(first_name) && find_bound(first_name, b))
+                    first = b;
+                else if (should_create_implicit_var(first_name))
+                    first = expr_ref(get_or_create_implicit_var(first_name), m);
+                else {
+                    func_decl* f = mk_decl_or_ho_const(first_name, 0, is_boolean);
+                    first = expr_ref(m.mk_const(f), m);
+                }
+                while (accept(token_kind::comma))
+                    parse_formula(is_boolean); // consume remaining elements
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+                return first;
+            }
+            // Not a modal operator — it's a tuple [expr, expr, ...]
+            // We already consumed '[', so parse as tuple inline
+            if (accept(token_kind::rbrack))
+                return expr_ref(m.mk_const(symbol("$nil"), m_univ), m);
+            expr_ref first = parse_formula(is_boolean);
+            while (accept(token_kind::comma))
+                parse_formula(is_boolean); // consume remaining elements
+            expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            return first;
+        }
+
+        // Diamond modality: <.>, <name>
+        if (is(token_kind::lt_tok)) {
+            next();
+            std::string mod_name = "dia";
+            if (accept(token_kind::dot)) {
+                mod_name = "dia";
+            } else if (is(token_kind::id) || is(token_kind::str)) {
+                mod_name = "dia_" + m_curr.text;
+                next();
+            }
+            expect(token_kind::gt_tok, "'>'");
+            expr_ref sub = parse_unary_formula(is_boolean);
+            func_decl* f = mk_modal_op(mod_name);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_app(f, sub.get()), m);
+        }
+
+        if (accept(token_kind::lambda_tok)) {
+            // THF lambda: ^ [X: T, ...] : body
+            // Approximate as a fresh constant (first-order approximation)
+            return parse_lambda_expr();
+        }
+
+        if (is(token_kind::forall_tok) || is(token_kind::exists_tok)) {
+            bool is_forall = is(token_kind::forall_tok);
+            next();
+            expect(token_kind::lbrack, "'['");
+
+            ptr_vector<app> vars;
+            std::unordered_map<std::string, app*> scope;
+            // $tType binders that we turn into genuine type variables so the body
+            // becomes a polymorphic axiom. Saved so we can restore the enclosing
+            // type-variable scope after parsing the body.
+            std::vector<std::pair<std::string, sort*>> saved_tvars;
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                do {
+                    std::string v = parse_name();
+                    sort* s = m_univ;
+                    if (accept(token_kind::colon)) {
+                        parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+                        if (!t.domain.empty()) {
+                            // Higher-order variable type — use uninterpreted sort approximation
+                            s = get_ho_sort(t.domain, t.range);
+                        } else {
+                            s = t.range;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // A $tType-sorted binder is genuine type quantification (THF/TH1
+                    // "! [A: $tType] : ..." quantifies over types just like "!>").
+                    // For universal quantifiers keep the type variable (mk_type_var)
+                    // so uses of v in the body are parametric and theory_polymorphism
+                    // instantiates them on demand. Existential type quantification has
+                    // no first-class encoding, so fall back to the universe sort U.
+                    // Register v BEFORE parsing later binders so a subsequent value
+                    // binder "X:A" resolves A to this type variable.
+                    if (is_ttype(s)) {
+                        auto it = m_sorts.find(v);
+                        saved_tvars.emplace_back(v, it == m_sorts.end() ? nullptr : it->second);
+                        if (is_forall) {
+                            sort* tvs = m.mk_type_var(symbol(v));
+                            m_pinned_sorts.push_back(tvs);
+                            m_sorts.insert_or_assign(v, tvs);
+                        }
+                        else
+                            m_sorts.insert_or_assign(v, m_univ);
+                        continue; // not a value-level bound variable
+                    }
+                    app* c = m.mk_const(symbol(v), s);
+                    m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+                    vars.push_back(c);
+                    scope.emplace(v, c);
+                }
+                while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            }
+            expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+            m_bound.push_back(scope);
+            // A TPTP quantifier body is a <unit_formula>: the quantifier binds
+            // tighter than the binary connectives & | => <= <=> <~> ~| ~&. Parse
+            // at equality precedence so the body absorbs an infix =/!= but stops
+            // at any lower-precedence connective, which stays in the enclosing
+            // expression. E.g. "! [X] : p(X) & q(X)" is "(! [X] : p(X)) & q(X)",
+            // and "! [X] : (...) => g" keeps "=> g" outside the quantifier scope.
+            expr_ref body = parse_expr(PREC_EQ, true, is_boolean);
+            m_bound.pop_back();
+            // Restore the enclosing type-variable scope.
+            for (auto const& pr : saved_tvars) {
+                if (pr.second) m_sorts.insert_or_assign(pr.first, pr.second);
+                else m_sorts.erase(pr.first);
+            }
+            // Pure type quantification (no value binders): the body is already a
+            // polymorphic axiom, so return it directly.
+            if (vars.empty())
+                return body;
+            return mk_quantifier(is_forall, vars, body);
+        }
+
+        // Type quantification in formula context: !>[A: $tType, ...] : body
+        if (is(token_kind::type_forall_tok) || is(token_kind::type_exists_tok)) {
+            bool is_forall = is(token_kind::type_forall_tok);
+            next();
+            expect(token_kind::lbrack, "'['");
+            std::vector<std::pair<std::string, sort*>> saved;
+            if (!accept(token_kind::rbrack)) {
+                do {
+                    std::string tv = parse_name();
+                    if (accept(token_kind::colon))
+                        parse_type_expr(); // consume $tType annotation
+                    auto it = m_sorts.find(tv);
+                    saved.emplace_back(tv, it == m_sorts.end() ? nullptr : it->second);
+                    // Universal type quantification is genuine parametric polymorphism:
+                    // keep the type variable (mk_type_var) so the body becomes a
+                    // polymorphic axiom that theory_polymorphism instantiates on demand.
+                    // Existential type quantification has no first-class encoding here, so
+                    // fall back to the universe sort U for it.
+                    if (is_forall) {
+                        sort* tvs = m.mk_type_var(symbol(tv));
+                        m_pinned_sorts.push_back(tvs);
+                        m_sorts.insert_or_assign(tv, tvs);
+                    }
+                    else
+                        m_sorts.insert_or_assign(tv, m_univ);
+                } while (accept(token_kind::comma));
+                expect(token_kind::rbrack, "']'");
+            }
+            expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+            expr_ref body = parse_formula(is_boolean);
+            // Restore the enclosing type-variable scope.
+            for (auto const& pr : saved) {
+                if (pr.second) m_sorts.insert_or_assign(pr.first, pr.second);
+                else m_sorts.erase(pr.first);
+            }
+            return body;
+        }
+
+        return parse_atomic_formula(is_boolean);
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <tff_binary_formula>  ::= <tff_binary_nonassoc> | <tff_binary_assoc>
+    //          <tff_binary_nonassoc> ::= <tff_unit_formula> <nonassoc_connective> <tff_unit_formula>
+    //          <tff_binary_assoc>    ::= <tff_or_formula> | <tff_and_formula>
+    //          <nonassoc_connective> ::= <=> | => | <= | <~> | ~<vline> | ~&
+    //          <tff_or_formula>      ::= <tff_unit_formula> <vline> <tff_unit_formula>
+    //                                  | <tff_or_formula> <vline> <tff_unit_formula>
+    //          <tff_and_formula>     ::= <tff_unit_formula> & <tff_unit_formula>
+    //                                  | <tff_and_formula> & <tff_unit_formula>
+    //          Implements a Pratt-style (precedence climbing) parser for binary connectives.
+    expr_ref parse_expr(unsigned min_prec, bool consume_at, bool is_boolean) {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        expr_ref e = parse_unary_formula(is_boolean);
+        return parse_binary_rest(e, min_prec, consume_at);
+    }
+
+    // Precedence-climbing loop continued from an already-parsed left operand `e`.
+    // Split out from parse_expr so callers that have consumed a leading unary unit
+    // (e.g. a '~' immediately after '(') can resume binary-connective parsing.
+    expr_ref parse_binary_rest(expr_ref e, unsigned min_prec, bool consume_at = true) {
+        rec_guard g(*this);
+        for (;;) {
+            // Handle @ (function application) with highest precedence
+            // But NOT when we're inside a lambda body that's an @ argument
+            if (consume_at && !m_in_at_arg && is(token_kind::at_tok)) {
+                next();
+                expr_ref arg = parse_at_arg();
+                sort* e_sort = e->get_sort();
+                if (!m_array.is_array(e_sort)) {
+                    // LHS doesn't have array sort — coerce it to Array(arg_sort, result_sort)
+                    sort* arg_sort = arg->get_sort();
+                    // If arg is Bool-sorted, result is likely Bool too (modal/connective application)
+                    sort* result_sort = m.is_bool(arg_sort) ? m.mk_bool_sort() : m_univ;
+                    sort* arr_sort = m_array.mk_array_sort(arg_sort, result_sort);
+                    m_pinned_sorts.push_back(arr_sort);
+                    e = coerce_arg(e, arr_sort);
+                } else {
+                    // Array but domain may not match arg sort — coerce arg
+                    sort* dom = get_array_domain(e_sort, 0);
+                    if (dom != arg->get_sort())
+                        arg = coerce_arg(arg, dom);
+                }
+                e = expr_ref(m_array.mk_select(e, arg), m);
+                continue;
+            }
+            char const* op_name = token_to_op_name();
+            if (!op_name) break;
+            auto it = m_ops.find(op_name);
+            if (it == m_ops.end() || !it->second.is_infix) break;
+            if (it->second.precedence < min_prec) break;
+            next(); // consume the operator token
+            unsigned next_prec = it->second.right_assoc ? it->second.precedence : it->second.precedence + 1;
+            // Operands of every connective except '='/'!=' are Boolean; only equality
+            // takes term operands. Derive the operand context from the operator rather
+            // than inheriting is_boolean from the left operand. Otherwise, once a
+            // term-valued equality literal (e.g. 'a = b') sets is_boolean to false, a
+            // predicate atom later in the same clause ('a = b | q') would be parsed as a
+            // term and boxed into '$box_U_to_Bool(q)', severing it from the Boolean
+            // predicate 'q' used elsewhere and making refutable problems satisfiable.
+            bool rhs_is_boolean = it->second.precedence != PREC_EQ;
+            expr_ref rhs = parse_expr(next_prec, consume_at, rhs_is_boolean);
+            expr_ref_vector args(m);
+            args.push_back(e);
+            args.push_back(rhs);
+            e = it->second.builder(args);
+        }
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <tff_atom_typing>    ::= <untyped_atom> : <tff_top_level_type>
+    //          <thf_atom_typing>    ::= <untyped_atom> : <thf_top_level_type>
+    //          <untyped_atom>       ::= <constant> | <system_constant>
+    //          Declares a new constant or type with the given type signature.
+    void parse_type_decl_formula() {
+        unsigned lparen_count = 0;
+        while (accept(token_kind::lparen)) ++lparen_count;
+        std::string name = parse_name();
+        expect(token_kind::colon, "':'");
+        m_type_vars.clear();
+        parsed_type t = parse_type_expr();
+        while (lparen_count-- > 0)
+            expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+
+        // Capture and tear down the type-variable scope introduced by a !> binder.
+        // The type_var sorts live on in the stored signature; only the name->sort
+        // bindings are removed so a later declaration reusing the same variable name
+        // (e.g. Tv0) does not see this declaration's variables.
+        ptr_vector<sort> tvars;
+        for (auto const& kv : m_type_vars) {
+            tvars.push_back(kv.second);
+            m_sorts.erase(kv.first);
+        }
+        m_type_vars.clear();
+
+        if (t.domain.empty() && is_ttype(t.range)) {
+            // Sort declaration: give every declared type its own distinct uninterpreted
+            // sort. Collapsing all declared $tType sorts onto a single m_univ is unsound:
+            // a per-type constraint such as "![H:human]:H=jon" would then also constrain
+            // unrelated sorts (e.g. cats), turning satisfiable axiom sets into a spurious
+            // contradiction and reporting Theorem where the conjecture is CounterSatisfiable.
+            if (m_sorts.find(name) == m_sorts.end()) {
+                sort* s = m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol(name));
+                m_pinned_sorts.push_back(s);
+                m_sorts.emplace(name, s);
+            }
+            // A prior *use* of the name (before its declaration) already created a fresh
+            // sort via parse_defined_sort; keep that same sort so uses and the declaration
+            // agree.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // A declaration whose result is $tType is a type constructor. If every argument
+        // is itself a type ($tType), it is a parametric type constructor (e.g.
+        // list: $tType > $tType, fun: ($tType*$tType) > $tType): register it so uses
+        // "list(A)" build genuine parametric sorts. Only a constructor with a *value*
+        // argument (e.g. fin: nat > $tType) is a dependent type family, which Z3 cannot
+        // encode faithfully; flag those so verdicts are downgraded to GaveUp.
+        if (t.range && is_ttype(t.range)) {
+            bool all_type_args = true;
+            for (sort* s : t.domain)
+                if (!is_ttype(s)) { all_type_args = false; break; }
+            if (all_type_args) {
+                m_sort_ctors[name] = t.domain.size();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Monomorphize: replace any stray $tType in domain/range with m_univ (genuine
+        // type variables are already mk_type_var sorts and are left intact).
+        for (auto& s : t.domain) {
+            if (is_ttype(s)) s = m_univ;
+        }
+        if (t.range && is_ttype(t.range)) {
+            // A declaration "f: T.. > $tType" with a value argument is a value-indexed
+            // type family (a dependent type constructor, e.g. "fin: nat > $tType"). Z3's
+            // parametric polymorphism cannot faithfully encode dependent types: we
+            // approximate "fin @ N" by a universe element, which is unsound (it can prove
+            // a conjecture that is only CounterSatisfiable). Flag the problem so any
+            // sat/unsat verdict is downgraded to GaveUp rather than reported as a
+            // (possibly spurious) Theorem/CounterSatisfiable.
+            m_has_dependent_type = true;
+            t.range = m_univ;
+        }
+
+        m_typed_decls.insert_or_assign(mk_typed_key(name, t.domain.size()), std::make_pair(t.domain, t.range));
+        if (!tvars.empty()) {
+            m_decl_tvars[name] = tvars;
+            m_poly_decl_arity[name] = t.domain.size();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool file_exists(std::string const& f) {
+        std::ifstream in(f);
+        return !in.fail();
+    }
+
+    static bool is_absolute_path(std::string const& name) {
+        return !name.empty() &&
+            (name[0] == '/' ||
+             (name.size() >= 2 && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(name[0])) && name[1] == ':'));
+    }
+
+    std::string dirname(std::string const& f) const {
+        size_t idx = f.find_last_of("/\\");
+        return idx == std::string::npos ? "." : f.substr(0, idx);
+    }
+
+    static std::string normalize_path(std::string path) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        for (auto& c : path)
+            if (c == '/') c = '\\';
+#endif
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    std::string resolve_include(std::string const& curr_file, std::string const& name) const {
+        if (is_absolute_path(name))
+            return normalize_path(name);
+        // Try relative to current file's directory
+        std::string local = normalize_path(dirname(curr_file) + "/" + name);
+        if (file_exists(local)) return local;
+        // Try TPTP environment variable (standard TPTP convention): includes such as
+        // "Axioms/MAT001^0.ax" are resolved relative to the TPTP root directory named
+        // by $TPTP. This is required when a problem is run from a directory that does
+        // not contain the Axioms/ tree (e.g. an isolated benchmark harness workspace).
+        char const* root = std::getenv("TPTP");
+        if (root) {
+            std::string env = normalize_path(std::string(root) + "/" + name);
+            if (file_exists(env)) return env;
+        }
+        // Walk up ancestor directories of the current file. TPTP include paths are
+        // relative to the TPTP root directory (e.g. "Axioms/BOO001-0.ax"), while the
+        // problem file typically lives in a subdirectory such as "Problems/BOO/".
+        std::string dir = dirname(curr_file);
+        for (;;) {
+            size_t idx = dir.find_last_of("/\\");
+            if (idx == std::string::npos) break;
+            dir = dir.substr(0, idx);
+            if (dir.empty()) break;
+            std::string candidate = normalize_path(dir + "/" + name);
+            if (file_exists(candidate)) return candidate;
+        }
+        // Try relative to current working directory (common when running from TPTP root)
+        std::string cwd_relative = normalize_path(name);
+        if (file_exists(cwd_relative)) return cwd_relative;
+        return local;
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <include> ::= include(<file_name><formula_selection>).
+    //          <formula_selection> ::= ,[<name_list>] | <null>
+    void parse_include(std::string const& curr_file) {
+        expect(token_kind::lparen, "'('");
+        std::string file = parse_name();
+        if (accept(token_kind::comma)) {
+            if (accept(token_kind::lbrack)) {
+                skip_balanced(token_kind::lbrack, token_kind::rbrack);
+            }
+            else {
+                skip_annotations_until_rparen();
+            }
+        }
+        expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+        expect(token_kind::dot, "'.'");
+        parse_file(resolve_include(curr_file, file));
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <annotated_formula>  ::= <tff_annotated> | <thf_annotated> | <fof_annotated> | <cnf_annotated>
+    //          <tff_annotated>      ::= tff(<name>,<formula_role>,<tff_formula><annotations>).
+    //          <thf_annotated>      ::= thf(<name>,<formula_role>,<thf_formula><annotations>).
+    //          <formula_role>       ::= axiom | hypothesis | definition | assumption | lemma |
+    //                                   theorem | corollary | conjecture | negated_conjecture |
+    //                                   plain | type | ...
+    //          <annotations>        ::= ,<source><optional_info> | <null>
+    void parse_annotated() {
+        expect(token_kind::lparen, "'('");
+        std::string formula_name = parse_name();
+        expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+        std::string role = to_lower(parse_name());
+        expect(token_kind::comma, "','");
+
+        if (role == "type") {
+            try {
+                parse_type_decl_formula();
+            } catch (std::exception const& ex) {
+                // A type declaration that is too deeply nested to parse within the
+                // stack budget (recursion guard) or otherwise malformed: drop it and
+                // resync. Dropping a type declaration is counted so a later "sat"
+                // verdict is downgraded to GaveUp rather than reported as a certified
+                // model (uses of the undeclared symbol would themselves be dropped).
+                ++m_dropped_formulas;
+                std::ostringstream oss;
+                oss << "skipping type declaration '" << formula_name << "' due to: " << ex.what();
+                warning_msg(oss.str().c_str());
+                while (!is(token_kind::eof_tok) && !is(token_kind::dot))
+                    next();
+                if (is(token_kind::dot)) next();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (role == "logic") {
+            // Modal logic declarations ($modal == [...]) — skip the formula body
+            skip_annotations_until_rparen();
+            warning_msg("non-classical logics are not supported");
+            ++m_dropped_formulas;
+        }
+        else {
+            try {
+                implicit_var_scope implicit_scope;
+                scoped_implicit_vars scoped(*this, implicit_scope);
+                expr_ref f = parse_formula(true);
+                if (!implicit_scope.order.empty()) {
+                    f = mk_quantifier(true, implicit_scope.order, f);
+                }
+                // Coerce to Bool if needed (HO encoding may produce U-sorted formulas)
+                if (!m.is_bool(f))
+                    f = ensure_bool(f);
+                if (role == "conjecture") {
+                    m_has_conjecture = true;
+                    f = m.mk_not(f);
+                }
+                SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, f));
+                m_cmd.assert_expr(f);
+            } catch (z3_exception const& ex) {
+                // Sort mismatch or other semantic error in this formula — skip it.
+                // A dropped axiom/definition removes constraints from the problem, so a
+                // subsequent "sat" verdict is unsound: it may only hold because the
+                // dropped formula was missing. The count is used to downgrade a sat
+                // result to GaveUp rather than report a spurious CounterSatisfiable.
+                ++m_dropped_formulas;
+                std::ostringstream oss;
+                oss << "skipping formula '" << formula_name << "' due to: " << ex.what();
+                warning_msg(oss.str().c_str());
+                // Skip to '.' to resync the parser for the next annotated formula
+                while (!is(token_kind::eof_tok) && !is(token_kind::dot))
+                    next();
+                if (is(token_kind::dot)) next();
+                return;
+            } catch (std::exception const& ex) {
+                ++m_dropped_formulas;
+                std::ostringstream oss;
+                oss << "skipping formula '" << formula_name << "' (role " << role << ") due to: " << ex.what() << "\n";
+                warning_msg(oss.str().c_str());
+                while (!is(token_kind::eof_tok) && !is(token_kind::dot))
+                    next();
+                if (is(token_kind::dot))
+                    next();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (accept(token_kind::comma)) {
+            skip_annotations_until_rparen();
+        }
+        expect(token_kind::rparen, "')'");
+        expect(token_kind::dot, "'.'");
+    }
+
+    // Grammar: <TPTP_file>    ::= <TPTP_input>*
+    //          <TPTP_input>   ::= <annotated_formula> | <include>
+    //          Dispatches to parse_annotated() or parse_include() based on keyword.
+    void parse_toplevel(std::string const& current_file) {
+        while (!is(token_kind::eof_tok)) {
+            std::string kw = to_lower(parse_name());
+            if (kw == "include") {
+                parse_include(current_file);
+            }
+            else if (kw == "fof" || kw == "cnf" || kw == "tff" || kw == "thf") {
+                parse_annotated();
+            }
+            else {
+                std::ostringstream out;
+                out << "unsupported TPTP unit '" << kw << "' at " << loc();
+                throw parse_error(out.str());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    tptp_parser(cmd_context& cmd):
+        m_cmd(cmd),
+        m(m_cmd.m()),
+        m_arith(m),
+        m_array(m),
+        m_univ(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("U"))),
+        m_pinned_sorts(m),
+        m_pinned_decls(m),
+        m_pinned_exprs(m) {
+        m_pinned_sorts.push_back(m_univ);
+        sort* tType = m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("$tType"));
+        m_pinned_sorts.push_back(tType);
+        m_sorts.emplace("$tType", tType);
+        m_sorts.emplace("$i", m_univ);
+        m_sorts.emplace("$o", m.mk_bool_sort());
+        m_sorts.emplace("$int", m_arith.mk_int());
+        m_sorts.emplace("$rat", m_arith.mk_real());
+        m_sorts.emplace("$real", m_arith.mk_real());
+        init_op_table();
+    }
+
+    void init_op_table() {
+        // Prefix arithmetic predicates (is_infix=false, precedence=0)
+        m_ops["$less"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$less");
+            auto [a, b] = coerce_arith2(args);
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_lt(a, b), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$lesseq"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$lesseq");
+            auto [a, b] = coerce_arith2(args);
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_le(a, b), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$greater"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$greater");
+            auto [a, b] = coerce_arith2(args);
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_gt(a, b), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$greatereq"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$greatereq");
+            auto [a, b] = coerce_arith2(args);
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_ge(a, b), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$uminus"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$uminus");
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_uminus(args[0]), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$sum"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$sum");
+            auto [a, b] = coerce_arith2(args);
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_add(a, b), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$plus"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$plus");
+            auto [a, b] = coerce_arith2(args);
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_add(a, b), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$difference"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$difference");
+            auto [a, b] = coerce_arith2(args);
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_sub(a, b), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$product"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$product");
+            auto [a, b] = coerce_arith2(args);
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_mul(a, b), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$quotient"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$quotient");
+            return mk_quotient(args);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$quotient_e"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$quotient_e");
+            return mk_quotient(args);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$quotient_t"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$quotient_t");
+            return mk_quotient(args);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$quotient_f"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$quotient_f");
+            return mk_quotient(args);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$remainder_e"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$remainder_e");
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_mod(args[0], args[1]), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$remainder_t"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$remainder_t");
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_mod(args[0], args[1]), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$remainder_f"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 2, "$remainder_f");
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_mod(args[0], args[1]), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$floor"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$floor");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            if (m_arith.is_int(a)) return a;
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_int(a), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$ceiling"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$ceiling");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            if (m_arith.is_int(a)) return a;
+            // ceiling(x) = -floor(-x)
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_uminus(m_arith.mk_to_int(m_arith.mk_uminus(a))), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$truncate"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$truncate");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            if (m_arith.is_int(a)) return a;
+            // truncate(x) = if x >= 0 then floor(x) else ceiling(x)
+            expr_ref zero(m_arith.mk_real(0), m);
+            expr_ref fl(m_arith.mk_to_int(a), m);
+            expr_ref neg_fl(m_arith.mk_uminus(m_arith.mk_to_int(m_arith.mk_uminus(a))), m);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_ite(m_arith.mk_ge(a, zero), fl, neg_fl), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$round"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$round");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            if (m_arith.is_int(a)) return a;
+            // round to nearest even
+            expr_ref i(m_arith.mk_to_int(a), m);
+            expr_ref half(m_arith.mk_add(m_arith.mk_to_real(i), m_arith.mk_numeral(rational(1, 2), false)), m);
+            expr_ref i1(m_arith.mk_add(i, m_arith.mk_int(1)), m);
+            expr_ref is_even(m.mk_eq(m_arith.mk_mod(i, m_arith.mk_int(2)), m_arith.mk_int(0)), m);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_ite(m_arith.mk_gt(a, half), i1,
+                           m.mk_ite(m.mk_eq(a, half), m.mk_ite(is_even, i, i1), i)), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$to_int"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$to_int");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            if (m_arith.is_int(a)) return a;
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_int(a), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$to_real"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$to_real");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            if (m_arith.is_real(a)) return a;
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_real(a), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$to_rat"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$to_rat");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            if (m_arith.is_real(a)) return a;
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_to_real(a), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$is_int"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$is_int");
+            return expr_ref(m_arith.mk_is_int(args[0]), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$is_rat"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$is_rat");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            return mk_is_rat(a);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$distinct"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            if (args.size() == 2) return expr_ref(m.mk_not(m.mk_eq(args[0], args[1])), m);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_distinct(args.size(), args.data()), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$ite"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 3, "$ite");
+            expr_ref cond(args[0], m), t(args[1], m), f(args[2], m);
+            if (!m.is_bool(cond))
+                throw parse_error("$ite expects Bool condition as first argument");
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_ite(cond, t, f), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$abs"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            check_arith_arity(args, 1, "$abs");
+            expr_ref a(args[0], m);
+            if (!m_arith.is_int_real(a))
+                throw parse_error("$abs expects arithmetic argument");
+            expr_ref zero(m_arith.is_int(a) ? m_arith.mk_int(0) : m_arith.mk_numeral(rational(0), false), m);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_ite(m_arith.mk_ge(a, zero), a, expr_ref(m_arith.mk_uminus(a), m)), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$true"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const&) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_true(), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["$false"] = { false, 0, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const&) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_false(), m);
+        }};
+
+        // Infix logical operators (token-based, matched by token_to_op_name)
+        m_ops["<=>"] = { true, PREC_IFF, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_iff(ensure_bool(args[0]), ensure_bool(args[1])), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["<~>"] = { true, PREC_IFF, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_not(m.mk_iff(ensure_bool(args[0]), ensure_bool(args[1]))), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["=>"] = { true, PREC_IMPLIES, true, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_implies(ensure_bool(args[0]), ensure_bool(args[1])), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["<="] = { true, PREC_IMPLIES, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_implies(ensure_bool(args[1]), ensure_bool(args[0])), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["|"] = { true, PREC_OR, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_or(ensure_bool(args[0]), ensure_bool(args[1])), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["~|"] = { true, PREC_OR, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_not(m.mk_or(ensure_bool(args[0]), ensure_bool(args[1]))), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["&"] = { true, PREC_AND, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_and(ensure_bool(args[0]), ensure_bool(args[1])), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["~&"] = { true, PREC_AND, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_not(m.mk_and(ensure_bool(args[0]), ensure_bool(args[1]))), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["="] = { true, PREC_EQ, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            expr_ref lhs(args[0], m);
+            expr_ref rhs(args[1], m);
+            lhs = coerce_eq(lhs, rhs);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_eq(lhs, rhs), m);
+        }};
+        m_ops["!="] = { true, PREC_EQ, false, [&](expr_ref_vector const& args) -> expr_ref {
+            expr_ref lhs(args[0], m);
+            expr_ref rhs(args[1], m);
+            lhs = coerce_eq(lhs, rhs);
+            return expr_ref(m.mk_not(m.mk_eq(lhs, rhs)), m);
+        }};
+    }
+
+    // Record a double-quoted string constant as a TPTP distinct object (deduplicated by name).
+    void register_distinct_object(std::string const& name, expr* c) {
+        if (m_distinct_objects.emplace(name, c).second)
+            m_pinned_exprs.push_back(c);
+    }
+
+    void parse_input(std::istream& in, std::string const& current_file) {
+        // Save parser state so that included files don't clobber the caller's lexer.
+        std::string saved_input = std::move(m_input);
+        std::unique_ptr<lexer> saved_lex = std::move(m_lex);
+        token saved_curr = m_curr;
+
+        std::ostringstream buf;
+        buf << in.rdbuf();
+        m_input = buf.str();
+        extract_expected_status(m_input);
+        m_lex = std::make_unique<lexer>(m_input);
+        next();
+        parse_toplevel(current_file);
+
+        // Restore caller's parser state.
+        m_input = std::move(saved_input);
+        m_lex = std::move(saved_lex);
+        m_curr = saved_curr;
+    }
+
+    void parse_file(std::string const& filename) {
+        if (!m_seen_files.insert(filename).second) return;
+        std::ifstream in(filename);
+        if (in.fail()) {
+            std::ostringstream out;
+            out << "failed to open file '" << filename << "'";
+            throw parse_error(out.str());
+        }
+        parse_input(in, filename);
+    }
+
+    void parse_stream(std::istream& in) {
+        parse_input(in, ".");
+    }
+
+    bool has_conjecture() const { return m_has_conjecture; }
+
+    // TPTP double-quoted strings ("...") denote pairwise distinct domain elements.
+    // Assert a single global distinctness constraint over all collected distinct objects
+    // so that e.g. "Apple" != "Microsoft" is recognized as a theorem.
+    void assert_distinct_objects() {
+        if (m_distinct_objects.size() < 2) return;
+        expr_ref_vector objs(m);
+        for (auto const& kv : m_distinct_objects)
+            objs.push_back(kv.second);
+        m_cmd.assert_expr(expr_ref(m.mk_distinct(objs.size(), objs.data()), m));
+    }
+
+    // Number of axioms/definitions that were dropped during parsing because the
+    // higher-order encoding could not type-check them. When non-zero, a "sat"
+    // verdict cannot be trusted (the missing constraints may be exactly what
+    // makes the problem unsatisfiable).
+    unsigned dropped_formulas() const { return m_dropped_formulas; }
+
+    // True if the problem declares a value-indexed type family ("T > $tType"), a
+    // dependent type that our polymorphic encoding cannot represent soundly.
+    bool has_dependent_type() const { return m_has_dependent_type; }
+
+    std::string const& expected_status() const { return m_expected_status; }
+
+    // Scan TPTP comments for an SZS/Status annotation, e.g.
+    //   % Status   : Unsatisfiable
+    //   % SZS status Theorem
+    // Only the first annotation found (the top-level file's) is recorded.
+    void extract_expected_status(std::string const& text) {
+        if (!m_expected_status.empty())
+            return;
+        std::istringstream in(text);
+        std::string line;
+        while (std::getline(in, line)) {
+            // TPTP comment lines start with '%'.
+            size_t i = line.find_first_not_of(" \t");
+            if (i == std::string::npos || line[i] != '%')
+                continue;
+            ++i; // skip '%'
+            // Skip leading '%' and spaces.
+            i = line.find_first_not_of("% \t", i);
+            if (i == std::string::npos)
+                continue;
+            std::string rest = line.substr(i);
+            std::string status;
+            // Form 1: "SZS status <Word>"
+            if (rest.compare(0, 4, "SZS ") == 0) {
+                size_t p = rest.find("status");
+                if (p == std::string::npos)
+                    continue;
+                p += 6; // length of "status"
+                status = next_status_word(rest, p);
+            }
+            // Form 2: "Status : <Word>" / "Status   : <Word>"
+            else if (rest.compare(0, 6, "Status") == 0) {
+                size_t p = rest.find(':', 6);
+                if (p == std::string::npos)
+                    continue;
+                status = next_status_word(rest, p + 1);
+            }
+            if (!status.empty()) {
+                m_expected_status = status;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static std::string next_status_word(std::string const& s, size_t p) {
+        size_t a = s.find_first_not_of(" \t", p);
+        if (a == std::string::npos)
+            return "";
+        size_t b = a;
+        while (b < s.size() && (isalnum((unsigned char)s[b]) || s[b] == '_'))
+            ++b;
+        return s.substr(a, b - a);
+    }
+};
+
+expr_ref tptp_parser::parse_term() {
+    rec_guard g(*this);
+    expr_ref e = parse_term_primary();
+    if (!is(token_kind::at_tok)) return e;
+    // @ corresponds to array select (function application)
+    while (accept(token_kind::at_tok)) {
+        expr_ref arg = parse_at_arg();
+        sort* e_sort = e->get_sort();
+        if (!m_array.is_array(e_sort)) {
+            sort* arg_sort = arg->get_sort();
+            sort* arr_sort = m_array.mk_array_sort(arg_sort, m_univ);
+            m_pinned_sorts.push_back(arr_sort);
+            e = coerce_arg(e, arr_sort);
+        } else {
+            sort* dom = get_array_domain(e_sort, 0);
+            if (dom != arg->get_sort())
+                arg = coerce_arg(arg, dom);
+        }
+        e = expr_ref(m_array.mk_select(e, arg), m);
+    }
+    return e;
+}
+
+expr_ref tptp_parser::parse_formula(bool is_boolean) {
+    rec_guard g(*this);
+    return parse_expr(PREC_IFF, true, is_boolean);
+}
+
+}
+
+// Classify an SZS status into the coarse verdict used for cross-checking.
+//   unsat: a refutation/proof exists (Theorem, Unsatisfiable, ContradictoryAxioms, ...)
+//   sat:   a model exists (Satisfiable, CounterSatisfiable, ...)
+//   other: no comparable verdict (Open, Unknown, Timeout, GaveUp, empty, ...)
+enum class szs_verdict { unsat, sat, other };
+
+static szs_verdict classify_szs(std::string const& s) {
+    if (s == "Theorem" || s == "Unsatisfiable" || s == "ContradictoryAxioms" || s == "Unsat")
+        return szs_verdict::unsat;
+    if (s == "Satisfiable" || s == "CounterSatisfiable" || s == "CounterTheorem" || s == "Sat")
+        return szs_verdict::sat;
+    return szs_verdict::other;
+}
+
+// Emit the SZS status produced by z3. If the input carries an annotated status
+// that contradicts the produced verdict, prepend "BUG" to flag the mismatch.
+static void report_szs_status(char const* produced, std::string const& expected) {
+    szs_verdict pv = classify_szs(produced);
+    szs_verdict ev = classify_szs(expected);
+    bool is_bug = !expected.empty() &&
+                  (pv == szs_verdict::unsat || pv == szs_verdict::sat) &&
+                  (ev == szs_verdict::unsat || ev == szs_verdict::sat) &&
+                  pv != ev;
+    if (is_bug)
+        std::cout << "% SZS status BUG " << produced << " (expected " << expected << ")\n";
+    else
+        std::cout << "% SZS status " << produced << "\n";
+}
+
+static unsigned read_tptp_stream(std::istream& in, char const* current_file) {
+    register_on_timeout_proc(on_timeout);
+    try {
+        cmd_context ctx;
+
+        tptp_parser p(ctx);
+        p.parse_input(in, current_file ? current_file : ".");
+        p.assert_distinct_objects();
+
+        ctx.set_solver_factory(mk_smt_strategic_solver_factory());
+        params_ref solver_params;
+        solver_params.set_bool("pi.avoid_skolems", false);
+        ctx.get_solver()->updt_params(solver_params);
+
+        // Optional: dump the parsed goal as an SMT-LIB2 benchmark (env Z3_TPTP_DUMP_SMT2
+        // gives the output file path). Used to produce SMTLIB versions of TPTP instances.
+        if (char const* dump_path = getenv("Z3_TPTP_DUMP_SMT2")) {
+            std::ofstream dout(dump_path);
+            if (dout) {
+                ast_manager& m = ctx.m();
+                dout << "; Auto-generated from TPTP input: "
+                     << (current_file ? current_file : "?") << "\n";
+                dout << "(set-logic ALL)\n";
+                dout << "(set-param :pi.avoid_skolems false)\n";
+                ctx.get_solver()->display(dout);
+                dout << "(check-sat)\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Suppress default check-sat output; TPTP frontend reports SZS status explicitly.
+        std::ostringstream sink;
+        scoped_regular_stream scoped_stream(ctx, sink);
+        TRACE(parser, ctx.get_solver()->display(tout));
+        ctx.check_sat(0, nullptr);
+        // A value-indexed type family ("T > $tType") is a dependent type that our
+        // encoding approximates unsoundly (a universe element stands in for a type).
+        // Neither an unsat (Theorem/Unsatisfiable) nor a sat (CounterSatisfiable/
+        // Satisfiable) verdict can be trusted, so downgrade both to GaveUp.
+        if (p.has_dependent_type() &&
+            (ctx.cs_state() == cmd_context::css_unsat || ctx.cs_state() == cmd_context::css_sat)) {
+            std::cout << "% SZS status GaveUp\n";
+            std::cout << "% SZS reason problem declares a dependent type family "
+                         "(T > $tType); verdict is not certified\n";
+        }
+        else
+        switch (ctx.cs_state()) {
+        case cmd_context::css_unsat:
+            if (p.has_conjecture()) report_szs_status("Theorem", p.expected_status());
+            else report_szs_status("Unsatisfiable", p.expected_status());
+            break;
+        case cmd_context::css_sat:
+            // A "sat" verdict is only sound if the whole problem was encoded. If any
+            // axiom/definition was dropped during parsing (e.g. an unsupported
+            // higher-order construct), the model may be spurious — the dropped
+            // constraints could rule it out. Report GaveUp instead of a misleading
+            // CounterSatisfiable/Satisfiable (which would otherwise be flagged BUG
+            // against an annotated Theorem/Unsatisfiable status).
+            if (p.dropped_formulas() > 0) {
+                std::cout << "% SZS status GaveUp\n";
+                std::cout << "% SZS reason " << p.dropped_formulas()
+                          << " formula(s) dropped during encoding; model is not certified\n";
+                break;
+            }
+            if (p.has_conjecture()) report_szs_status("CounterSatisfiable", p.expected_status());
+            else report_szs_status("Satisfiable", p.expected_status());
+            if (g_display_model) {
+                model_ref mdl;
+                if (ctx.is_model_available(mdl))
+                    ctx.display_model(mdl);
+            }
+            break;
+        case cmd_context::css_unknown:
+            std::cout << "% SZS status GaveUp\n";
+            {
+                std::string reason = ctx.reason_unknown();
+                if (!reason.empty()) std::cout << "% SZS reason " << reason << "\n";
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (g_display_statistics) {
+            ctx.set_regular_stream("stdout");
+            ctx.display_statistics();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+    catch (parse_error const& ex) {
+        std::cerr << "TPTP parse error: " << ex.what() << "\n";
+        return ERR_PARSER;
+    }
+    catch (z3_error const& ex) {
+        if (ex.error_code() == ERR_TIMEOUT) {
+            std::cout << "% SZS status Timeout\n";
+            return 0;
+        }
+        std::cerr << "TPTP frontend error: " << ex.what() << "\n";
+        return ERR_INTERNAL_FATAL;
+    }
+    catch (z3_exception const& ex) {
+        std::cerr << "TPTP frontend error: " << ex.what() << "\n";
+        return ERR_INTERNAL_FATAL;
+    }
+}
+
+unsigned read_tptp(char const* file_name) {
+    if (!file_name)
+        return read_tptp_stream(std::cin, ".");
+    std::ifstream in(file_name);
+    if (in.fail()) {
+        std::cerr << "TPTP parse error: failed to open file '" << file_name << "'\n";
+        return ERR_PARSER;
+    }
+    return read_tptp_stream(in, file_name);
+}
+
+unsigned read_tptp_string(char const* input) {
+    std::istringstream in(input ? input : "");
+    return read_tptp_stream(in, "<string>");
+}
diff --git a/src/cmd_context/tptp_frontend.h b/src/cmd_context/tptp_frontend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e6b2fcb55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cmd_context/tptp_frontend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+unsigned read_tptp(char const* file_name);
+unsigned read_tptp_string(char const* input);
diff --git a/src/math/grobner/pdd_simplifier.cpp b/src/math/grobner/pdd_simplifier.cpp
index 8cc47c21e6..df12638d89 100644
--- a/src/math/grobner/pdd_simplifier.cpp
+++ b/src/math/grobner/pdd_simplifier.cpp
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ namespace dd {
                 hash(unsigned_vector& vars):vars(vars) {}
                 bool operator()(mon const& m) const {
                     return unsigned_ptr_hash(vars.data() + m.offset, m.sz, 1);
-                };
+                }
             };
             struct eq {
                 unsigned_vector& vars;
diff --git a/src/math/lp/bound_analyzer_on_row.h b/src/math/lp/bound_analyzer_on_row.h
index 70358ca7b8..6c2787d13d 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/bound_analyzer_on_row.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/bound_analyzer_on_row.h
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ namespace lp {
 
         void limit_j(unsigned bound_j, const mpq& u, bool coeff_before_j_is_pos, bool is_lower_bound, bool strict) {
             auto* lar = &m_bp.lp();
-            const auto& row = this->m_row;
+            auto* row = &this->m_row;
             auto explain = [row, bound_j, coeff_before_j_is_pos, is_lower_bound, strict, lar]() {
                 (void) strict;
                 TRACE(bound_analyzer, tout << "explain_bound_on_var_on_coeff, bound_j = " << bound_j << ", coeff_before_j_is_pos = " << coeff_before_j_is_pos << ", is_lower_bound = " << is_lower_bound << ", strict = " << strict << "\n";);
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ namespace lp {
                 int j_sign = (coeff_before_j_is_pos ? 1 : -1) * bound_sign;
 
                 u_dependency* ret = nullptr;
-                for (auto const& r : row) {
+                for (auto const& r : *row) {
                     unsigned j = r.var();
                     if (j == bound_j)
                         continue;
diff --git a/src/math/lp/dioph_eq.cpp b/src/math/lp/dioph_eq.cpp
index 714eabc3a2..c6719e0e38 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/dioph_eq.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/dioph_eq.cpp
@@ -238,18 +238,13 @@ namespace lp {
                 r.c() -= b.c();
                 return r;
             }
-#if Z3DEBUG
-            friend bool operator==(const term_o& a, const term_o& b) {
+            
+            friend bool eq(const term_o& a, const term_o& b) {
                 term_o t = a.clone();
                 t += mpq(-1) * b;
                 return t.c() == mpq(0) && t.size() == 0;
             }
 
-            friend bool operator!=(const term_o& a, const term_o& b) {
-                return ! (a  == b);
-            }
-
-#endif
             term_o& operator+=(const term_o& t) {
                 for (const auto& p : t) {
                     add_monomial(p.coeff(), p.j());
@@ -585,7 +580,7 @@ namespace lp {
             const lar_term* m_t;
             undo_add_term(imp& s, const lar_term* t) : m_s(s), m_t(t) {}
 
-            void undo() {
+            void undo() override {
                 m_s.undo_add_term_method(m_t);
             }
         };
@@ -714,8 +709,8 @@ namespace lp {
             while (column.size() > 1) {
                 auto& c = column.back();
                 SASSERT(c.var() != last_row_index);
-                m_l_matrix.pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(last_row_index, c, j);
                 m_changed_rows.insert(c.var());
+                m_l_matrix.pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(last_row_index, c, j);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1541,7 +1536,7 @@ namespace lp {
             term_o t1 = open_ml(t0);
             t1.add_monomial(mpq(1), j);
             term_o rs = fix_vars(t1);
-            if (ls != rs) {
+            if (!eq(ls, rs)) {
                 TRACE(dio, tout << "ls:"; print_term_o(ls, tout) << "\n";
                       tout << "rs:"; print_term_o(rs, tout) << "\n";);
                 return false;
@@ -2351,7 +2346,7 @@ namespace lp {
 
                 return false;
             }
-            bool ret = ls == fix_vars(open_ml(m_l_matrix.m_rows[ei]));
+            bool ret = eq(ls, fix_vars(open_ml(m_l_matrix.m_rows[ei])));
             if (!ret) {
                 CTRACE(dio, !ret,
                    {
diff --git a/src/math/lp/hnf.h b/src/math/lp/hnf.h
index a315339ba6..e40bae4714 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/hnf.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/hnf.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Revision History:
 #pragma once
 #include "math/lp/numeric_pair.h"
 #include "util/ext_gcd.h"
+#include <functional>
 namespace lp {
 namespace hnf_calc {
 
@@ -128,16 +129,21 @@ bool prepare_pivot_for_lower_triangle(M &m, unsigned r) {
 template <typename M> 
 void pivot_column_non_fractional(M &m, unsigned r, bool & overflow, const mpq & big_number) {
     SASSERT(!is_zero(m[r][r]));
+    // rows <= r are not written below, so these pivot entries are loop-invariant
+    const auto & mrr = m[r][r];
+    const mpq * denom = r > 0 ? &m[r - 1][r - 1] : nullptr;
     for (unsigned j = r + 1; j < m.column_count(); ++j) {
-        for (unsigned i = r + 1; i  < m.row_count(); ++i) {            
-            if (
-                (m[i][j] = (r > 0) ? (m[r][r]*m[i][j] - m[i][r]*m[r][j]) / m[r-1][r-1] :
-                                     (m[r][r]*m[i][j] - m[i][r]*m[r][j]))
-                >= big_number) {
+        const auto & mrj = m[r][j];
+        for (unsigned i = r + 1; i < m.row_count(); ++i) {
+            auto & mij = m[i][j];
+            mij = mrr * mij - m[i][r] * mrj;
+            if (denom)
+                mij /= *denom;
+            if (mij >= big_number) {
                 overflow = true;
                 return;
             }
-            SASSERT(is_integer(m[i][j]));
+            SASSERT(is_integer(mij));
         }
     }
 }
@@ -221,6 +227,8 @@ class hnf {
     unsigned     m_j;
     mpq          m_R;
     mpq          m_half_R;
+    bool         m_cancelled = false;
+    std::function<bool()> m_cancel_flag;
     mpq mod_R_balanced(const mpq & a) const {
        mpq t = a % m_R;
        return t > m_half_R? t - m_R : (t < - m_half_R? t + m_R : t);
@@ -574,6 +582,10 @@ private:
     
     void calculate_by_modulo() {
         for (m_i = 0; m_i < m_m; m_i ++) {
+            if (m_cancel_flag && m_cancel_flag()) {
+                m_cancelled = true;
+                return;
+            }
             process_row_modulo();
             SASSERT(is_pos(m_W[m_i][m_i]));
             m_R /= m_W[m_i][m_i];
@@ -583,7 +595,7 @@ private:
     }
     
 public:
-    hnf(M & A, const mpq & d) :
+    hnf(M & A, const mpq & d, std::function<bool()> cancel_flag = nullptr) :
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
         m_H(A),
         m_A_orig(A),
@@ -594,7 +606,8 @@ public:
         m_n(A.column_count()),
         m_d(d),
         m_R(m_d),
-        m_half_R(floor(m_R / 2))
+        m_half_R(floor(m_R / 2)),
+        m_cancel_flag(cancel_flag)
     {
         if (m_m == 0 || m_n == 0 || is_zero(m_d))
             return;
@@ -605,15 +618,18 @@ public:
 #endif
         calculate_by_modulo();
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
-        CTRACE(hnf_calc, m_H != m_W,
-               tout << "A = "; m_A_orig.print(tout, 4); tout << std::endl;
-               tout << "H = "; m_H.print(tout, 4);  tout << std::endl;
-               tout << "W = "; m_W.print(tout, 4);  tout << std::endl;);
-        SASSERT (m_H == m_W);
+        if (!m_cancelled) {
+            CTRACE(hnf_calc, m_H != m_W,
+                   tout << "A = "; m_A_orig.print(tout, 4); tout << std::endl;
+                   tout << "H = "; m_H.print(tout, 4);  tout << std::endl;
+                   tout << "W = "; m_W.print(tout, 4);  tout << std::endl;);
+            SASSERT (m_H == m_W);
+        }
 #endif
     }
 
     const M & W() const { return m_W; }
+    bool is_cancelled() const { return m_cancelled; }
     
 };
 
diff --git a/src/math/lp/hnf_cutter.cpp b/src/math/lp/hnf_cutter.cpp
index 1712371f8c..bfd4d5f38f 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/hnf_cutter.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/hnf_cutter.cpp
@@ -199,7 +199,9 @@ branch y_i >= ceil(y0_i) is impossible.
             shrink_explanation(basis_rows);
         }
         
-        hnf<general_matrix> h(m_A, d);        
+        hnf<general_matrix> h(m_A, d, [this]() { return m_settings.get_cancel_flag(); });
+        if (h.is_cancelled())
+            return lia_move::undef;
         vector<mpq> b = create_b(basis_rows);
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
         SASSERT(m_A * x0 == b);
diff --git a/src/math/lp/int_cube.cpp b/src/math/lp/int_cube.cpp
index aad7fae6ef..52eabf9fed 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/int_cube.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/int_cube.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ Author:
 Revision History:
 --*/
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
 #include "math/lp/int_solver.h"
 #include "math/lp/lar_solver.h"
 #include "math/lp/int_cube.h"
@@ -81,32 +84,264 @@ namespace lp {
         SASSERT(lp_status::OPTIMAL == lra.get_status() || lp_status::FEASIBLE == lra.get_status());
     }
 
-    impq int_cube::get_cube_delta_for_term(const lar_term& t) const {
-        if (t.size() == 2) {
-            bool seen_minus = false;
-            bool seen_plus = false;
-            for(lar_term::ival p : t) {
-                if (!lia.column_is_int(p.j()))
-                    goto usual_delta;
-                const mpq & c = p.coeff();
-                if (c == one_of_type<mpq>()) {
-                    seen_plus = true;
-                } else if (c == -one_of_type<mpq>()) {
-                    seen_minus = true;
-                } else {
-                    goto usual_delta;
+    // The largest cube test of Bromberger and Weidenbach:
+    //     maximize x_e subject to Ax + a'(x_e/2) <= b, x_e >= 0, where a'_i = ||a_i||_1,
+    // with the 1-norm taken over the integer variables of the row.
+    // The solution is the center z of a largest cube contained in the polyhedron.
+    // If the maximal edge length is at least 1, then the rounding of z is
+    // an integer solution; otherwise the rounding is checked, and possibly repaired,
+    // against the original constraints.
+    lia_move int_cube::find_largest_cube() {
+        lia.settings().stats().m_lcube_calls++;
+        TRACE(cube,
+              for (unsigned j = 0; j < lra.number_of_vars(); ++j)
+                  lia.display_column(tout, j);
+              tout << lra.constraints();
+              );
+
+        lra.push();
+        // The edge rows are ephemeral: suppress the add-term callback,
+        // dioph_eq's reaction to it is not undone by pop().
+        auto add_term_cb = lra.m_add_term_callback;
+        lra.m_add_term_callback = nullptr;
+        unsigned x_e = lra.add_var(UINT_MAX, false); // the edge length of the cube
+        lra.add_var_bound(x_e, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(0));
+        bool ok = add_cube_edge_rows(x_e);
+        lra.m_add_term_callback = add_term_cb;
+        if (!ok) {
+            lra.pop();
+            lra.set_status(lp_status::OPTIMAL);
+            return lia_move::undef;
+        }
+
+        lp_status st = lra.find_feasible_solution();
+        if (st != lp_status::FEASIBLE && st != lp_status::OPTIMAL) {
+            TRACE(cube, tout << "cannot find a feasible solution";);
+            lra.pop();
+            lra.move_non_basic_columns_to_bounds();
+            // it can happen that we found an integer solution here
+            return !lra.r_basis_has_inf_int()? lia_move::sat: lia_move::undef;
+        }
+
+        impq e; // the maximal edge length
+        st = lra.maximize_term(x_e, e, /*fix_int_cols*/ false);
+        if (lia.settings().get_cancel_flag()) {
+            lra.pop();
+            return lia_move::undef;
+        }
+        if (st == lp_status::UNBOUNDED) {
+            // infinite lattice width: the polyhedron contains cubes of arbitrary edge length
+            lra.add_var_bound(x_e, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(1));
+            st = lra.find_feasible_solution();
+            if (st != lp_status::FEASIBLE && st != lp_status::OPTIMAL) {
+                lra.pop();
+                return lia_move::undef;
+            }
+            lra.pop();
+            return sat_after_rounding();
+        }
+        TRACE(cube, tout << "max edge length = " << e << "\n";);
+        if (e >= impq(mpq(1))) {
+            lra.pop();
+            return sat_after_rounding();
+        }
+        // the largest cube is smaller than the unit cube:
+        // the rounded center is only a candidate
+        lra.pop();
+        return round_and_repair();
+    }
+
+    bool int_cube::add_cube_edge_rows(unsigned x_e) {
+        // snapshot the term columns: add_edge_rows_for_term appends to lra.terms()
+        svector<unsigned> term_columns;
+        for (const lar_term* t : lra.terms())
+            term_columns.push_back(t->j());
+        for (unsigned j : term_columns)
+            if (!add_edge_rows_for_term(j, x_e)) {
+                TRACE(cube, tout << "cannot add the edge rows";);
+                return false;
+            }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // i is the column index having the term
+    bool int_cube::add_edge_rows_for_term(unsigned i, unsigned x_e) {
+        if (!lra.column_associated_with_row(i))
+            return true;
+        const lar_term& t = lra.get_term(i);
+        impq delta = get_cube_delta_for_term(t);
+        TRACE(cube, lra.print_term_as_indices(t, tout); tout << ", delta = " << delta << "\n";);
+        if (is_zero(delta))
+            return true;
+        if (!is_zero(delta.y))
+            // the infinitesimal delta does not scale with x_e: tighten statically,
+            // it is sound for any edge length
+            return lra.tighten_term_bounds_by_delta(i, delta);
+        if (lra.column_has_upper_bound(i)) {
+            impq u = lra.get_upper_bound(i); // copy: add_term invalidates bound references
+            vector<std::pair<mpq, unsigned>> coeffs = {{mpq(1), i}, {delta.x, x_e}};
+            unsigned s = lra.add_term(coeffs, UINT_MAX);
+            lra.add_var_bound(s, is_zero(u.y) ? lconstraint_kind::LE : lconstraint_kind::LT, u.x);
+        }
+        if (lra.column_has_lower_bound(i)) {
+            impq l = lra.get_lower_bound(i); // copy: add_term invalidates bound references
+            vector<std::pair<mpq, unsigned>> coeffs = {{mpq(1), i}, {-delta.x, x_e}};
+            unsigned s = lra.add_term(coeffs, UINT_MAX);
+            lra.add_var_bound(s, is_zero(l.y) ? lconstraint_kind::GE : lconstraint_kind::GT, l.x);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    lia_move int_cube::sat_after_rounding() {
+        lra.round_to_integer_solution();
+        lra.set_status(lp_status::FEASIBLE);
+        SASSERT(lia.settings().get_cancel_flag() || lia.is_feasible());
+        TRACE(cube, tout << "largest cube success";);
+        lia.settings().stats().m_lcube_success++;
+        return lia_move::sat;
+    }
+
+    lia_move int_cube::round_and_repair() {
+        lra.backup_x(); // remember the cube center
+        vector<flip_candidate> flips;
+        for (unsigned j = 0; j < lra.column_count(); ++j) {
+            if (!lra.column_is_int(j) || lra.column_has_term(j))
+                continue;
+            const impq& v = lra.get_column_value(j);
+            if (v.is_int())
+                continue;
+            flips.push_back({j, floor(v), false});
+        }
+        lra.round_to_integer_solution();
+        for (auto& f : flips)
+            f.m_at_hi = lra.get_column_value(f.m_j).x > f.m_lo;
+        if (repair_rounded_candidate(flips)) {
+            lra.set_status(lp_status::FEASIBLE);
+            SASSERT(lia.settings().get_cancel_flag() || lia.is_feasible());
+            TRACE(cube, tout << "largest cube success";);
+            lia.settings().stats().m_lcube_success++;
+            return lia_move::sat;
+        }
+        // return to the cube center: an interior point of the polyhedron
+        lra.restore_x();
+        lra.set_status(lp_status::FEASIBLE);
+        return lia_move::undef;
+    }
+
+    // Checks the rounded center against the original constraints. On failure
+    // searches the vertices of the lattice cell around the center greedily:
+    // flip a coordinate between floor and ceiling to maximally decrease the
+    // total bound violation, within a budget.
+    bool int_cube::repair_rounded_candidate(vector<flip_candidate>& flips) {
+        vector<bounded_row> rows;
+        for (const lar_term* t : lra.terms()) {
+            unsigned j = t->j();
+            if (!lra.column_associated_with_row(j))
+                continue;
+            if (!lra.column_has_upper_bound(j) && !lra.column_has_lower_bound(j))
+                continue;
+            bounded_row r;
+            r.m_j = j;
+            r.m_val = t->apply(lra.r_x());
+            rows.push_back(r);
+        }
+        auto row_violation = [&](unsigned ri, const impq& v) {
+            impq w;
+            unsigned j = rows[ri].m_j;
+            if (lra.column_has_upper_bound(j) && v > lra.get_upper_bound(j))
+                w += v - lra.get_upper_bound(j);
+            if (lra.column_has_lower_bound(j) && v < lra.get_lower_bound(j))
+                w += lra.get_lower_bound(j) - v;
+            return w;
+        };
+        impq violation;
+        for (unsigned ri = 0; ri < rows.size(); ++ri)
+            violation += row_violation(ri, rows[ri].m_val);
+        if (is_zero(violation))
+            return true; // the rounded center fits as it is
+        if (flips.empty())
+            return false;
+
+        std::unordered_map<unsigned, unsigned> flip_of_var;
+        for (unsigned fi = 0; fi < flips.size(); ++fi)
+            flip_of_var[flips[fi].m_j] = fi;
+        // occurrences of the flip candidates in the bounded rows
+        vector<vector<std::pair<unsigned, mpq>>> occs(flips.size());
+        for (unsigned ri = 0; ri < rows.size(); ++ri) {
+            const lar_term& t = lra.get_term(rows[ri].m_j);
+            for (lar_term::ival p : t) {
+                auto it = flip_of_var.find(p.j());
+                if (it != flip_of_var.end())
+                    occs[it->second].push_back({ri, p.coeff()});
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsigned budget = std::min(2 * flips.size(), lia.settings().lcube_flips());
+        bool flipped = false;
+        while (!is_zero(violation) && budget-- > 0) {
+            unsigned best_fi = UINT_MAX;
+            impq best_gain;
+            for (unsigned fi = 0; fi < flips.size(); ++fi) {
+                if (occs[fi].empty())
+                    continue;
+                mpq step = flips[fi].m_at_hi ? mpq(-1) : mpq(1);
+                impq gain;
+                for (const auto& o : occs[fi]) {
+                    const impq& v = rows[o.first].m_val;
+                    gain += row_violation(o.first, v + impq(step * o.second)) - row_violation(o.first, v);
+                }
+                if (gain < best_gain) {
+                    best_gain = gain;
+                    best_fi = fi;
                 }
             }
-            if (seen_minus && seen_plus)
-                return zero_of_type<impq>();
-            return impq(0, 1);
+            if (best_fi == UINT_MAX)
+                return false; // no flip decreases the violation
+            mpq step = flips[best_fi].m_at_hi ? mpq(-1) : mpq(1);
+            for (const auto& o : occs[best_fi])
+                rows[o.first].m_val += impq(step * o.second);
+            flips[best_fi].m_at_hi = !flips[best_fi].m_at_hi;
+            violation += best_gain;
+            flipped = true;
+            TRACE(cube, tout << "flipped column " << flips[best_fi].m_j << ", violation = " << violation << "\n";);
+        }
+        if (!is_zero(violation))
+            return false;
+
+        // apply the repaired candidate
+        for (const auto& f : flips)
+            lra.set_column_value(f.m_j, impq(f.m_at_hi ? f.m_lo + 1 : f.m_lo));
+        for (const lar_term* t : lra.terms()) {
+            unsigned j = t->j();
+            if (!lra.column_associated_with_row(j))
+                continue;
+            lra.set_column_value(j, t->apply(lra.r_x()));
+        }
+        if (flipped)
+            lia.settings().stats().m_lcube_flip_success++;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    impq int_cube::get_cube_delta_for_term(const lar_term& t) const {
+        if (t.size() == 2) {
+            bool seen_minus = false, seen_plus = false, all_ok = true;
+            for (lar_term::ival p : t) {
+                if (!lia.column_is_int(p.j())) { all_ok = false; break; }
+                const mpq& c = p.coeff();
+                if (c == one_of_type<mpq>()) seen_plus = true;
+                else if (c == -one_of_type<mpq>()) seen_minus = true;
+                else { all_ok = false; break; }
+            }
+            if (all_ok) {
+                if (seen_minus && seen_plus)
+                    return zero_of_type<impq>();
+                return impq(0, 1);
+            }
         }
-    usual_delta:
         mpq delta = zero_of_type<mpq>();
         for (lar_term::ival p : t)
             if (lia.column_is_int(p.j()))
                 delta += abs(p.coeff());
-        
         delta *= mpq(1, 2);
         return impq(delta);
     }
diff --git a/src/math/lp/int_cube.h b/src/math/lp/int_cube.h
index 4addc096b5..a7d672a52b 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/int_cube.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/int_cube.h
@@ -10,9 +10,15 @@ Abstract:
     Cube finder
 
     This routine attempts to find a feasible integer solution
-    by tightnening bounds and running an LRA solver on the 
+    by tightnening bounds and running an LRA solver on the
     tighter system.
 
+    find_largest_cube() implements the largest cube test of
+    Bromberger and Weidenbach (Fast Cube Tests for LIA Constraint
+    Solving, IJCAR 2016): a fresh variable x_e for the cube edge
+    length is introduced and maximized; the center of the largest
+    cube is rounded to a candidate integer solution.
+
 Author:
     Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner)
     Lev Nachmanson (levnach)
@@ -21,7 +27,10 @@ Revision History:
 --*/
 #pragma once
 
+#include "util/vector.h"
 #include "math/lp/lia_move.h"
+#include "math/lp/numeric_pair.h"
+#include "math/lp/lar_term.h"
 
 namespace lp {
     class int_solver;
@@ -29,12 +38,30 @@ namespace lp {
     class int_cube {
         class int_solver& lia;
         class lar_solver& lra;
+        // a fractional integer coordinate of the cube center:
+        // the candidate value is m_lo or m_lo + 1
+        struct flip_candidate {
+            unsigned m_j = 0;
+            mpq      m_lo;
+            bool     m_at_hi = false;
+        };
+        // a term column with at least one bound, tracked during the repair
+        struct bounded_row {
+            unsigned m_j = 0;
+            impq     m_val;
+        };
         bool tighten_term_for_cube(unsigned i);
         bool tighten_terms_for_cube();
         void find_feasible_solution();
         impq get_cube_delta_for_term(const lar_term& t) const;
+        bool add_edge_rows_for_term(unsigned i, unsigned x_e);
+        bool add_cube_edge_rows(unsigned x_e);
+        lia_move sat_after_rounding();
+        lia_move round_and_repair();
+        bool repair_rounded_candidate(vector<flip_candidate>& flips);
     public:
         int_cube(int_solver& lia);
         lia_move operator()();
+        lia_move find_largest_cube();
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/math/lp/int_solver.cpp b/src/math/lp/int_solver.cpp
index cf08785974..287a57fd06 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/int_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/int_solver.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ namespace lp {
         dioph_eq            m_dio;  
         int_gcd_test        m_gcd;
         unsigned            m_initial_dio_calls_period;
-        
+        unsigned            m_lcube_period;
+        // The number of consecutive genuine dio calls that returned undef, reset on a dio
+        // conflict. Drives the decision to start running Gomory with dio.
+        unsigned            m_dio_undef_in_a_row = 0;
+
         bool column_is_int_inf(unsigned j) const {
             return lra.column_is_int(j) && (!lia.value_is_int(j));
         }
@@ -52,7 +56,8 @@ namespace lp {
         imp(int_solver& lia): lia(lia), lra(lia.lra), lrac(lia.lrac), m_hnf_cutter(lia), m_dio(lia), m_gcd(lia) {
             m_hnf_cut_period = settings().hnf_cut_period();
             m_initial_dio_calls_period = settings().dio_calls_period();
-        } 
+            m_lcube_period = settings().m_int_find_cube_period;
+        }
 
         bool has_lower(unsigned j) const {
             switch (lrac.m_column_types()[j]) {
@@ -176,14 +181,16 @@ namespace lp {
             if (r == lia_move::conflict) {
                 m_dio.explain(*this->m_ex);
                 lia.settings().dio_calls_period() = m_initial_dio_calls_period;
-                lia.settings().dio_enable_gomory_cuts() = false;
+                m_dio_undef_in_a_row = 0;
+                lia.settings().stop_running_gomory_with_dio(); // dio was productive: stop running Gomory
                 lia.settings().set_run_gcd_test(false);
                 return lia_move::conflict;
             }
             if (r == lia_move::undef) {
-                lia.settings().dio_calls_period() *= 2;
-                if (lra.settings().dio_calls_period() >= 16) {
-                    lia.settings().dio_enable_gomory_cuts() = true;
+                lia.settings().dio_calls_period() *= 2; // throttle dio scheduling on failure
+                ++m_dio_undef_in_a_row;
+                if (m_dio_undef_in_a_row >= lra.settings().dio_gomory_enable_period()) {
+                    lia.settings().start_running_gomory_with_dio(); // dio persistently unproductive: start running Gomory
                     lia.settings().set_run_gcd_test(true);
                 }
             }
@@ -191,26 +198,66 @@ namespace lp {
         }
 
         lp_settings& settings() { return lra.settings(); }
+
         
+        // Decide whether a periodic heuristic fires on this call. When
+        // random_hammers is enabled the gate is drawn at random with the same
+        // 1/period expected rate instead of a deterministic "every k-th call"
+        // modulus: a deterministic period can phase-lock with the search on
+        // some families and drown the solver in conflicts while another handler
+        // is starved; randomizing the gate breaks that resonance.
+        bool hit_period(unsigned period) {
+            if (period <= 1)
+                return true;
+            if (settings().random_hammers())
+                return settings().random_next(period) == 0;
+            return m_number_of_calls % period == 0;
+        }
+
         bool should_find_cube() {
-            return m_number_of_calls % settings().m_int_find_cube_period == 0;
+            return hit_period(settings().m_int_find_cube_period);
+        }
+
+        // The largest cube test is throttled exponentially: when the polyhedron
+        // does not contain a large enough cube it is unlikely to contain one
+        // later, after more constraints are added, so each failure doubles the
+        // period and a success resets it.
+        bool should_find_lcube() {
+            return settings().lcube() && hit_period(m_lcube_period);
+        }
+
+        lia_move find_lcube() {
+            lia_move r = int_cube(lia).find_largest_cube();
+            if (r == lia_move::undef) {
+                if (m_lcube_period < (1u << 30))
+                    m_lcube_period *= 2;
+            }
+            else
+                m_lcube_period = settings().m_int_find_cube_period;
+            return r;
         }
 
         bool should_gomory_cut() {
             bool dio_allows_gomory = !settings().dio() || settings().dio_enable_gomory_cuts() ||
                                       m_dio.some_terms_are_ignored();
-            return dio_allows_gomory && m_number_of_calls % settings().m_int_gomory_cut_period == 0;
+            return dio_allows_gomory && hit_period(settings().m_int_gomory_cut_period);
         }
 
         bool should_solve_dioph_eq() {
-            return lia.settings().dio() && (m_number_of_calls % settings().dio_calls_period() == 0);
+            bool ret = lia.settings().dio() && hit_period(settings().dio_calls_period());
+            if (!ret && lia.settings().dio_calls_period() > m_initial_dio_calls_period) {
+                unsigned dec = settings().dio_calls_period_decrease();
+                unsigned& period = lia.settings().dio_calls_period();
+                period = period > m_initial_dio_calls_period + dec ? period - dec : m_initial_dio_calls_period;
+            }
+            return ret;
         }
 
         // HNF
 
         bool should_hnf_cut() {
             return (!settings().dio() || settings().dio_enable_hnf_cuts())
-                && settings().enable_hnf() && m_number_of_calls % settings().hnf_cut_period() == 0;
+                && settings().enable_hnf() && hit_period(settings().hnf_cut_period());
         }
         
         lia_move hnf_cut() {
@@ -245,11 +292,12 @@ namespace lp {
 
             ++m_number_of_calls;
             if (r == lia_move::undef) r = patch_basic_columns();
-            if (r == lia_move::undef && should_find_cube()) r = int_cube(lia)();
+            if (r == lia_move::undef && should_find_cube())  r = int_cube(lia)();
+            if (r == lia_move::undef && should_find_lcube()) r = find_lcube();
             if (r == lia_move::undef) lra.move_non_basic_columns_to_bounds();
             if (r == lia_move::undef && should_hnf_cut()) r = hnf_cut();
-            if (r == lia_move::undef && should_gomory_cut()) r = gomory(lia).get_gomory_cuts(2);
             if (r == lia_move::undef && should_solve_dioph_eq()) r = solve_dioph_eq();
+            if (r == lia_move::undef && should_gomory_cut()) r = gomory(lia).get_gomory_cuts(2);
             if (r == lia_move::undef) r = int_branch(lia)();
             if (settings().get_cancel_flag()) r = lia_move::undef;        
             return r;
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lar_constraints.h b/src/math/lp/lar_constraints.h
index 4ad0644890..8a8a6c60c9 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lar_constraints.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lar_constraints.h
@@ -39,7 +39,17 @@ inline std::string lconstraint_kind_string(lconstraint_kind t) {
 
 class lar_base_constraint {
     lconstraint_kind m_kind;
-    mpq              m_right_side;
+    // Right-hand side as a delta-rational pair (x, y) = x + y*delta.  The
+    // rational part x is the ordinary bound value returned by rhs(); the
+    // infinitesimal part y (bound_eps) is non-zero only for the delta-rational
+    // bounds that validate strict optimization suprema/infima (see
+    // opt_solver::maximize_objective).  The strict kinds already carry a
+    // matching-sign infinitesimal in update_bound_with_* (LT -> upper bound
+    // (r, -1); GT -> lower bound (r, +1)); y is needed for the OPPOSITE-sign
+    // case that no kind yields: a lower bound (r, -1), i.e. objvar >= r - delta
+    // (GE gives (r, 0), GT gives (r, +1)), which is how a maximize supremum
+    // r - delta is asserted.  y is zero for all ordinary constraints.
+    impq             m_right_side;
     bool             m_active;
     bool             m_is_auxiliary;
     unsigned         m_j;
@@ -53,10 +63,17 @@ public:
     virtual ~lar_base_constraint() = default;
 
     lconstraint_kind kind() const { return m_kind; }
-    mpq const& rhs() const { return m_right_side; }
+    // First (rational) component of the right-hand side pair.
+    mpq const& rhs() const { return m_right_side.x; }
+    // Whole right-hand side pair (rational value + infinitesimal, see below).
+    impq const& rhs_impq() const { return m_right_side; }
     unsigned column() const { return m_j; }
     u_dependency* dep() const { return m_dep; }
 
+    // Second (infinitesimal) component of the right-hand side pair.
+    mpq const& bound_eps() const { return m_right_side.y; }
+    void set_bound_eps(mpq const& e) { m_right_side.y = e; }
+
     void activate() { m_active = true; }
     void deactivate() { m_active = false; }
     bool is_active() const { return m_active; }
@@ -181,11 +198,24 @@ public:
         return add(new (m_region) lar_var_constraint(j, k, mk_dep(), rhs));
     }
 
+    constraint_index add_var_constraint(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind k, mpq const& rhs, mpq const& eps) {
+        auto* c = new (m_region) lar_var_constraint(j, k, mk_dep(), rhs);
+        c->set_bound_eps(eps);
+        return add(c);
+    }
+
     constraint_index add_term_constraint(unsigned j, const lar_term* t, lconstraint_kind k, mpq const& rhs) {
         auto* dep = mk_dep();
         return add(new (m_region) lar_term_constraint(j, t, k, dep, rhs));
     }
 
+    constraint_index add_term_constraint(unsigned j, const lar_term* t, lconstraint_kind k, mpq const& rhs, mpq const& eps) {
+        auto* dep = mk_dep();
+        auto* c = new (m_region) lar_term_constraint(j, t, k, dep, rhs);
+        c->set_bound_eps(eps);
+        return add(c);
+    }
+
     // future behavior uses activation bit.
     bool is_active(constraint_index ci) const { return m_constraints[ci]->is_active(); }
 
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lar_core_solver.h b/src/math/lp/lar_core_solver.h
index 1773317be8..e53d84e0c7 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lar_core_solver.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lar_core_solver.h
@@ -81,10 +81,15 @@ public:
     void backup_x() { m_backup_x = m_r_x; }
 
     void restore_x() {
-        m_r_x = m_backup_x;
-        m_r_x.reserve(m_m());
+        unsigned n = m_r_A.column_count();
+        unsigned backup_sz = m_backup_x.size();
+        unsigned copy_sz = std::min(backup_sz, n);
+        for (unsigned j = 0; j < copy_sz; j++)
+            m_r_x[j] = m_backup_x[j];
     }
 
+    unsigned backup_x_size() const { return m_backup_x.size(); }
+
     vector<impq> const& r_x() const { return m_r_x; }
     impq& r_x(unsigned j) { return m_r_x[j]; }
     impq const& r_x(unsigned j) const { return m_r_x[j]; }
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lar_solver.cpp b/src/math/lp/lar_solver.cpp
index 5c93b12db3..2f7dc11d25 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lar_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/lar_solver.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,12 @@ namespace lp {
 
         struct term_comparer {
             bool operator()(const lar_term& a, const lar_term& b) const {
-                return a == b;
+                if (a.size() != b.size()) return false;
+                for (const auto& p : a) {
+                    auto const* e = b.coeffs().find_core(p.j());
+                    if (!e || e->get_data().m_value != p.coeff()) return false;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
         };
 
@@ -58,6 +63,7 @@ namespace lp {
         unsigned_vector m_row_bounds_to_replay;
         u_dependency_manager m_dependencies;
         svector<constraint_index> m_tmp_dependencies;
+        ptr_vector<u_dependency>  m_tmp_witnesses;
 
         u_dependency* m_crossed_bounds_deps = nullptr;
         lpvar m_crossed_bounds_column = null_lpvar;
@@ -467,6 +473,8 @@ namespace lp {
         return ret;
     }
 
+
+
     lp_status lar_solver::solve() {
         if (m_imp->m_status == lp_status::INFEASIBLE || m_imp->m_status == lp_status::CANCELLED)
             return m_imp->m_status;
@@ -857,7 +865,7 @@ namespace lp {
     }
 
     lp_status lar_solver::maximize_term(unsigned j,
-        impq& term_max) {
+        impq& term_max, bool fix_int_cols) {
         TRACE(lar_solver, print_values(tout););
         SASSERT(get_core_solver().m_r_solver.calc_current_x_is_feasible_include_non_basis());
         lar_term term = get_term_to_maximize(j);
@@ -872,6 +880,11 @@ namespace lp {
             return lp_status::UNBOUNDED;
         }
 
+        if (!fix_int_cols) {
+            set_status(lp_status::OPTIMAL);
+            return lp_status::OPTIMAL;
+        }
+
         impq opt_val = term_max;
 
         bool change = false;
@@ -1113,8 +1126,28 @@ namespace lp {
 
     void lar_solver::explain_fixed_column(unsigned j, explanation& ex) {
         SASSERT(column_is_fixed(j));
-        auto* deps = get_bound_constraint_witnesses_for_column(j);
-        for (auto ci : flatten(deps))
+        const column& ul = m_imp->m_columns[j];
+        m_imp->m_tmp_dependencies.reset();
+        m_imp->m_dependencies.linearize(ul.lower_bound_witness(), ul.upper_bound_witness(), m_imp->m_tmp_dependencies);
+        for (auto ci : m_imp->m_tmp_dependencies)
+            ex.push_back(ci);
+    }
+
+    // Linearize the bound witnesses of all fixed columns in the row together, so the
+    // mark bits walk each dependency sub-DAG shared between columns only once.
+    void lar_solver::explain_fixed_in_row(unsigned row, explanation& ex) {
+        auto& witnesses = m_imp->m_tmp_witnesses;
+        witnesses.reset();
+        for (auto const& c : get_row(row)) {
+            if (!column_is_fixed(c.var()))
+                continue;
+            const column& ul = m_imp->m_columns[c.var()];
+            witnesses.push_back(ul.lower_bound_witness());
+            witnesses.push_back(ul.upper_bound_witness());
+        }
+        m_imp->m_tmp_dependencies.reset();
+        m_imp->m_dependencies.linearize(witnesses, m_imp->m_tmp_dependencies);
+        for (auto ci : m_imp->m_tmp_dependencies)
             ex.push_back(ci);
     }
 
@@ -1305,10 +1338,14 @@ namespace lp {
         if (m_imp->m_settings.get_cancel_flag())
             return true;
         std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq> var_map;
-        get_model_do_not_care_about_diff_vars(var_map);
+        // Compute the strict-bounds delta once per model: it flattens both the
+        // model (var_map) and the eps component of any delta-rational bound in
+        // constraint_holds, so the two must use the very same value.
+        mpq delta = get_core_solver().find_delta_for_strict_bounds(m_imp->m_settings.m_epsilon);
+        get_model_do_not_care_about_diff_vars(var_map, delta);
 
         for (auto const& c : m_imp->m_constraints.active()) {
-            if (!constraint_holds(c, var_map)) {
+            if (!constraint_holds(c, var_map, delta)) {
                 TRACE(lar_solver,
                     m_imp->m_constraints.display(tout, c) << "\n";
                 for (auto p : c.coeffs()) {
@@ -1320,14 +1357,21 @@ namespace lp {
         return true;
     }
 
-    bool lar_solver::constraint_holds(const lar_base_constraint& constr, std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& var_map) const {
+    bool lar_solver::constraint_holds(const lar_base_constraint& constr, std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& var_map, const mpq& delta) const {
         mpq left_side_val = get_left_side_val(constr, var_map);
+        // Account for a delta-rational bound  rhs + eps*delta  (eps != 0 only for
+        // the bounds that validate strict optimization optima).  'delta' is the
+        // same strict-bounds delta that flattened var_map, so the comparison is
+        // exact over the reals.
+        mpq rhs = constr.rhs();
+        if (!constr.bound_eps().is_zero())
+            rhs += constr.bound_eps() * delta;
         switch (constr.kind()) {
-        case LE: return left_side_val <= constr.rhs();
-        case LT: return left_side_val < constr.rhs();
-        case GE: return left_side_val >= constr.rhs();
-        case GT: return left_side_val > constr.rhs();
-        case EQ: return left_side_val == constr.rhs();
+        case LE: return left_side_val <= rhs;
+        case LT: return left_side_val < rhs;
+        case GE: return left_side_val >= rhs;
+        case GT: return left_side_val > rhs;
+        case EQ: return left_side_val == rhs;
         default:
             UNREACHABLE();
         }
@@ -1550,6 +1594,10 @@ namespace lp {
 
     void lar_solver::get_model_do_not_care_about_diff_vars(std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& variable_values) const {
         mpq delta = get_core_solver().find_delta_for_strict_bounds(m_imp->m_settings.m_epsilon);
+        get_model_do_not_care_about_diff_vars(variable_values, delta);
+    }
+
+    void lar_solver::get_model_do_not_care_about_diff_vars(std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& variable_values, const mpq& delta) const {
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < get_core_solver().r_x().size(); ++i) {
             const impq& rp = get_core_solver().r_x(i);
             variable_values[i] = rp.x + delta * rp.y;
@@ -2109,12 +2157,12 @@ namespace lp {
 
     void lar_solver::activate_check_on_equal(constraint_index ci, unsigned& equal_column) {
         auto const& c = m_imp->m_constraints[ci];
-        update_column_type_and_bound_check_on_equal(c.column(), c.rhs(), ci, equal_column);
+        update_column_type_and_bound_check_on_equal(c.column(), c.rhs_impq(), ci, equal_column);
     }
 
     void lar_solver::activate(constraint_index ci) {
         auto const& c = m_imp->m_constraints[ci];
-        update_column_type_and_bound(c.column(), c.rhs(), ci);
+        update_column_type_and_bound(c.column(), c.rhs_impq(), ci);
     }
 
     mpq lar_solver::adjust_bound_for_int(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind& k, const mpq& bound) {
@@ -2158,6 +2206,24 @@ namespace lp {
         return ci;
     }
 
+    // Variant that attaches an infinitesimal coefficient 'eps' to the bound, so
+    // that activating the resulting constraint asserts the delta-rational bound
+    // (right_side, eps).  Used to faithfully validate strict optimization optima
+    // (e.g. a maximize supremum r - delta is validated as a lower bound
+    // (r, -1)).  Only supported for plain column bounds (no term column).
+    constraint_index lar_solver::mk_var_bound(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, const mpq& eps) {
+        TRACE(lar_solver, tout << "j = " << get_variable_name(j) << " " << lconstraint_kind_string(kind) << " " << right_side << " + " << eps << "*eps" << std::endl;);
+        mpq rs = adjust_bound_for_int(j, kind, right_side);
+        SASSERT(bound_is_integer_for_integer_column(j, rs));
+        constraint_index ci;
+        if (!column_has_term(j))
+            ci = m_imp->m_constraints.add_var_constraint(j, kind, rs, eps);
+        else
+            ci = m_imp->m_constraints.add_term_constraint(j, m_imp->m_columns[j].term(), kind, rs, eps);
+        SASSERT(sizes_are_correct());
+        return ci;
+    }
+
     bool lar_solver::compare_values(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind k, const mpq& rhs) {
         return compare_values(get_column_value(j), k, rhs);
     }
@@ -2176,7 +2242,7 @@ namespace lp {
     }
 
     void lar_solver::update_column_type_and_bound(unsigned j,
-        const mpq& right_side,
+        const impq& right_side,
         constraint_index constr_index) {
         TRACE(lar_solver_feas, tout << "j = " << j << " was " << (this->column_is_feasible(j)?"feas":"non-feas") << std::endl;);
         m_imp->m_constraints.activate(constr_index);
@@ -2240,7 +2306,10 @@ namespace lp {
         ls.add_var_bound(tv, c.kind(), c.rhs());
     }
     void lar_solver::update_column_type_and_bound(unsigned j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
-        // SASSERT(validate_bound(j, kind, right_side, dep));
+        update_column_type_and_bound(j, kind, impq(right_side), dep);
+    }
+    void lar_solver::update_column_type_and_bound(unsigned j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
+        // SASSERT(validate_bound(j, kind, right_side.x, dep));
         TRACE(
             lar_solver_feas,
             tout << "j" << j << " " << lconstraint_kind_string(kind) << " " << right_side << std::endl;   
@@ -2254,11 +2323,16 @@ namespace lp {
                 }
             });
         bool was_fixed = column_is_fixed(j);
-        mpq rs = adjust_bound_for_int(j, kind, right_side);
+        // adjust_bound_for_int operates on the rational part (and may sharpen
+        // the kind for integer columns); the infinitesimal part y is carried
+        // through unchanged.  y is non-zero only for the delta-rational bounds
+        // that validate strict optimization optima, which target real columns.
+        mpq rs = adjust_bound_for_int(j, kind, right_side.x);
+        impq bound(rs, right_side.y);
         if (column_has_upper_bound(j))
-            update_column_type_and_bound_with_ub(j, kind, rs, dep);
+            update_column_type_and_bound_with_ub(j, kind, bound, dep);
         else
-            update_column_type_and_bound_with_no_ub(j, kind, rs, dep);
+            update_column_type_and_bound_with_no_ub(j, kind, bound, dep);
 
         if (!was_fixed && column_is_fixed(j) && m_fixed_var_eh)
             m_fixed_var_eh(j);
@@ -2287,7 +2361,7 @@ namespace lp {
     }
 
     void lar_solver::update_column_type_and_bound_check_on_equal(unsigned j,
-                                                                 const mpq& right_side,
+                                                                 const impq& right_side,
                                                                  constraint_index constr_index,
                                                                  unsigned& equal_to_j) {
         update_column_type_and_bound(j, right_side, constr_index);
@@ -2303,17 +2377,7 @@ namespace lp {
         return m_imp->m_constraints.add_term_constraint(j, m_imp->m_columns[j].term(), kind, rs);
     }
 
-    struct lar_solver::scoped_backup {
-        lar_solver& m_s;
-        scoped_backup(lar_solver& s) : m_s(s) {
-            m_s.get_core_solver().backup_x();
-        }
-        ~scoped_backup() {
-            m_s.get_core_solver().restore_x();
-        }
-    };
-   
-    void lar_solver::update_column_type_and_bound_with_ub(unsigned j, lp::lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
+    void lar_solver::update_column_type_and_bound_with_ub(unsigned j, lp::lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
         SASSERT(column_has_upper_bound(j));
         if (column_has_lower_bound(j)) {
             update_bound_with_ub_lb(j, kind, right_side, dep);
@@ -2323,7 +2387,7 @@ namespace lp {
         }
     }
 
-    void lar_solver::update_column_type_and_bound_with_no_ub(unsigned j, lp::lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
+    void lar_solver::update_column_type_and_bound_with_no_ub(unsigned j, lp::lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
         SASSERT(!column_has_upper_bound(j));
         if (column_has_lower_bound(j)) {
             update_bound_with_no_ub_lb(j, kind, right_side, dep);
@@ -2333,18 +2397,18 @@ namespace lp {
         }
     }
 
-    void lar_solver::update_bound_with_ub_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
+    void lar_solver::update_bound_with_ub_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
         SASSERT(column_has_lower_bound(j) && column_has_upper_bound(j));
         SASSERT(get_core_solver().m_column_types[j] == column_type::boxed ||
                   get_core_solver().m_column_types[j] == column_type::fixed);
 
-        mpq y_of_bound(0);
+        mpq y_of_bound(right_side.y);
         switch (kind) {
             case LT:
-                y_of_bound = -1;
+                y_of_bound += -1;
                 Z3_fallthrough;
             case LE: {
-                auto up = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, y_of_bound);
+                auto up = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, y_of_bound);
                 if (up < get_lower_bound(j)) {
                     set_crossed_bounds_column_and_deps(j, true, dep);
                 }
@@ -2356,10 +2420,10 @@ namespace lp {
                 break;
             }
             case GT:
-                y_of_bound = 1;
+                y_of_bound += 1;
                 Z3_fallthrough;
             case GE: {
-                auto low = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, y_of_bound);
+                auto low = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, y_of_bound);
                 if (low > get_upper_bound(j)) {
                     set_crossed_bounds_column_and_deps(j, false, dep);
                 } 
@@ -2372,7 +2436,7 @@ namespace lp {
                 break;                
             } 
             case EQ: {
-                auto v = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, zero_of_type<mpq>());
+                auto v = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, zero_of_type<mpq>());
                 if (v > get_upper_bound(j))
                     set_crossed_bounds_column_and_deps(j, false, dep);                
                 else if (v < get_lower_bound(j)) 
@@ -2393,17 +2457,17 @@ namespace lp {
             get_core_solver().m_column_types[j] = column_type::fixed;
     }
     
-    void lar_solver::update_bound_with_no_ub_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
+    void lar_solver::update_bound_with_no_ub_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
         SASSERT(column_has_lower_bound(j) && !column_has_upper_bound(j));
         SASSERT(get_core_solver().m_column_types[j] == column_type::lower_bound);
 
-        mpq y_of_bound(0);
+        mpq y_of_bound(right_side.y);
         switch (kind) {
             case LT:
-                y_of_bound = -1;
+                y_of_bound += -1;
                 Z3_fallthrough;
             case LE: {
-                auto up = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, y_of_bound);
+                auto up = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, y_of_bound);
                 if (up < get_lower_bound(j)) {
                     set_crossed_bounds_column_and_deps(j, true, dep);
                 }
@@ -2414,9 +2478,9 @@ namespace lp {
                 break;
             } 
             case GT:
-                y_of_bound = 1;
+                y_of_bound += 1;
             case GE: {
-                auto low = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, y_of_bound);
+                auto low = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, y_of_bound);
                 if (low < get_lower_bound(j)) {
                     return;
                 }
@@ -2424,7 +2488,7 @@ namespace lp {
                 break;
             } 
             case EQ: {
-                auto v = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, zero_of_type<mpq>());
+                auto v = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, zero_of_type<mpq>());
                 if (v < get_lower_bound(j)) {
                     set_crossed_bounds_column_and_deps(j, true, dep);
                 } 
@@ -2441,28 +2505,28 @@ namespace lp {
         }
     }
    
-    void lar_solver::update_bound_with_ub_no_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
+    void lar_solver::update_bound_with_ub_no_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
         SASSERT(!column_has_lower_bound(j) && column_has_upper_bound(j));
         SASSERT(get_core_solver().m_column_types[j] == column_type::upper_bound);
-        mpq y_of_bound(0);
+        mpq y_of_bound(right_side.y);
         switch (kind) {
         case LT:
-            y_of_bound = -1;
+            y_of_bound += -1;
             Z3_fallthrough;
         case LE:
         {
-            auto up = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, y_of_bound);
+            auto up = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, y_of_bound);
             if (up >= get_upper_bound(j)) 
                 return;
             set_upper_bound_witness(j, dep, up);
         }
         break;
         case GT:
-            y_of_bound = 1;
+            y_of_bound += 1;
             Z3_fallthrough;
         case GE:
         {
-            auto low = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, y_of_bound);
+            auto low = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, y_of_bound);
             if (low > get_upper_bound(j)) {
                 set_crossed_bounds_column_and_deps(j, false, dep);
             }
@@ -2474,7 +2538,7 @@ namespace lp {
         break;
         case EQ:
         {
-            auto v = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, zero_of_type<mpq>());
+            auto v = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, zero_of_type<mpq>());
             if (v > get_upper_bound(j)) {
                 set_crossed_bounds_column_and_deps(j, false, dep);
             }
@@ -2491,30 +2555,30 @@ namespace lp {
         }
     }
    
-    void lar_solver::update_bound_with_no_ub_no_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
+    void lar_solver::update_bound_with_no_ub_no_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep) {
         SASSERT(!column_has_lower_bound(j) && !column_has_upper_bound(j));
 
-        mpq y_of_bound(0);
+        mpq y_of_bound(right_side.y);
         switch (kind) {
             case LT:
-                y_of_bound = -1;
+                y_of_bound += -1;
                 Z3_fallthrough;
             case LE: {
-                auto up = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, y_of_bound);
+                auto up = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, y_of_bound);
                 set_upper_bound_witness(j, dep, up);
                 get_core_solver().m_column_types[j] = column_type::upper_bound;
             } break;
             case GT:
-                y_of_bound = 1;
+                y_of_bound += 1;
                 Z3_fallthrough;
             case GE: {
-                auto low = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, y_of_bound);
+                auto low = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, y_of_bound);
                 set_lower_bound_witness(j, dep, low);
                 get_core_solver().m_column_types[j] = column_type::lower_bound;
 
             } break;
             case EQ: {
-                auto v = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side, zero_of_type<mpq>());
+                auto v = numeric_pair<mpq>(right_side.x, zero_of_type<mpq>());
                 set_upper_bound_witness(j, dep, v);
                 set_lower_bound_witness(j, dep, v);
                 get_core_solver().m_column_types[j] = column_type::fixed;
@@ -3002,4 +3066,3 @@ namespace lp {
         }
 } // namespace lp
 
-
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lar_solver.h b/src/math/lp/lar_solver.h
index faa8e2d47e..d361496224 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lar_solver.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lar_solver.h
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ class lar_solver : public column_namer {
 
     void clear_columns_with_changed_bounds();
 
-    struct scoped_backup;
  public:
     const indexed_uint_set& columns_with_changed_bounds() const;
     void insert_to_columns_with_changed_bounds(unsigned j);
@@ -89,19 +88,20 @@ class lar_solver : public column_namer {
     void add_bound_negation_to_solver(lar_solver& ls, lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side);
     void add_constraint_to_validate(lar_solver& ls, constraint_index ci);
     bool m_validate_blocker = false;
-    void update_column_type_and_bound_check_on_equal(unsigned j, const mpq& right_side, constraint_index ci, unsigned&);
-    void update_column_type_and_bound(unsigned j, const mpq& right_side, constraint_index ci);
+    void update_column_type_and_bound_check_on_equal(unsigned j, const impq& right_side, constraint_index ci, unsigned&);
+    void update_column_type_and_bound(unsigned j, const impq& right_side, constraint_index ci);
  public:   
     bool validate_blocker() const { return m_validate_blocker; }
     bool & validate_blocker() { return m_validate_blocker; }   
+    void update_column_type_and_bound(unsigned j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
     void update_column_type_and_bound(unsigned j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
  private:
-    void update_column_type_and_bound_with_ub(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
-    void update_column_type_and_bound_with_no_ub(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
-    void update_bound_with_ub_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
-    void update_bound_with_no_ub_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
-    void update_bound_with_ub_no_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
-    void update_bound_with_no_ub_no_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
+    void update_column_type_and_bound_with_ub(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
+    void update_column_type_and_bound_with_no_ub(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
+    void update_bound_with_ub_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
+    void update_bound_with_no_ub_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
+    void update_bound_with_ub_no_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
+    void update_bound_with_no_ub_no_lb(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const impq& right_side, u_dependency* dep);
     void remove_non_fixed_from_fixed_var_table();
     constraint_index add_var_bound_on_constraint_for_term(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side);
     void set_crossed_bounds_column_and_deps(unsigned j, bool lower_bound, u_dependency* dep);
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class lar_solver : public column_namer {
     numeric_pair<mpq> get_basic_var_value_from_row(unsigned i);
     bool all_constrained_variables_are_registered(const vector<std::pair<mpq, lpvar>>& left_side);
     bool all_constraints_hold() const;
-    bool constraint_holds(const lar_base_constraint& constr, std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& var_map) const;
+    bool constraint_holds(const lar_base_constraint& constr, std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& var_map, const mpq& delta) const;
     static void register_in_map(std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& coeffs, const lar_base_constraint& cn, const mpq& a);
     static void register_monoid_in_map(std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& coeffs, const mpq& a, unsigned j);
     bool the_left_sides_sum_to_zero(const vector<std::pair<mpq, unsigned>>& evidence) const;
@@ -206,7 +206,9 @@ public:
         set_column_value(j, v);
     }
 
-    lp_status maximize_term(unsigned j_or_term, impq& term_max);
+    // fix_int_cols: after maximizing try to move the integer columns to integer values;
+    // pass false to keep the optimal (possibly fractional) vertex intact, e.g., for the largest cube test
+    lp_status maximize_term(unsigned j_or_term, impq& term_max, bool fix_int_cols);
 
     core_solver_pretty_printer<lp::mpq, lp::impq> pp(std::ostream& out) const;
     
@@ -270,6 +272,7 @@ public:
     bool fixed_base_removed_correctly() const;
 #endif
     constraint_index mk_var_bound(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side);
+    constraint_index mk_var_bound(lpvar j, lconstraint_kind kind, const mpq& right_side, const mpq& eps);
     void activate_check_on_equal(constraint_index, lpvar&);
     void activate(constraint_index);
     void random_update(unsigned sz, lpvar const* vars);
@@ -437,7 +440,28 @@ public:
     statistics& stats();
 
     void backup_x() { get_core_solver().backup_x(); }
-    void restore_x() { get_core_solver().restore_x(); }
+    void restore_x() {
+        auto& cs = get_core_solver();
+        unsigned backup_sz = cs.backup_x_size();
+        unsigned current_sz = cs.m_n();
+        CTRACE(lar_solver_restore, backup_sz != current_sz,
+               tout << "restore_x: backup_sz=" << backup_sz
+               << " current_sz=" << current_sz << "\n";);
+        cs.restore_x();
+        if (backup_sz < current_sz) {
+            // New columns were added after backup.
+            // Recalculate basic variable values from non-basic ones
+            // to restore the Ax=0 tableau invariant, then snap
+            // non-basic columns to their bounds and find a feasible solution.
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < A_r().row_count(); i++)
+                set_column_value(r_basis()[i], get_basic_var_value_from_row(i));
+            move_non_basic_columns_to_bounds();
+        }
+        else {
+            SASSERT(ax_is_correct());
+            SASSERT(cs.m_r_solver.calc_current_x_is_feasible_include_non_basis());
+        }
+    }
 
     void updt_params(params_ref const& p);
     column_type get_column_type(unsigned j) const { return get_core_solver().m_column_types()[j]; }
@@ -456,6 +480,7 @@ public:
     void get_model(std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& variable_values) const;
     void get_rid_of_inf_eps();
     void get_model_do_not_care_about_diff_vars(std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& variable_values) const;
+    void get_model_do_not_care_about_diff_vars(std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq>& variable_values, const mpq& delta) const;
     std::string get_variable_name(lpvar vi) const override;
     void set_variable_name(lpvar vi, const std::string&);
     unsigned number_of_vars() const;
@@ -499,6 +524,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void explain_fixed_column(unsigned j, explanation& ex);
+    void explain_fixed_in_row(unsigned row, explanation& ex);
     u_dependency* join_deps(u_dependency* a, u_dependency *b) { return dep_manager().mk_join(a, b); }
     const constraint_set & constraints() const;
     void push();
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lar_term.h b/src/math/lp/lar_term.h
index cca541801c..b2d7774937 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lar_term.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lar_term.h
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ public:
         add_monomial(a, v1);
         add_monomial(b, v2);
     }
-    bool operator==(const lar_term & a) const {  return false; } // take care not to create identical terms
-    bool operator!=(const lar_term & a) const {  return ! (*this == a);}
+    bool operator==(const lar_term & a) const = delete; //  take care not to create identical terms
+    bool operator!=(const lar_term & a) const = delete;  
     // some terms get used in add constraint
     // it is the same as the offset in the m_constraints
 
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lp_api.h b/src/math/lp/lp_api.h
index 96279a7db4..56dcb95414 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lp_api.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lp_api.h
@@ -36,15 +36,23 @@ namespace lp_api {
         rational         m_value;
         bound_kind       m_bound_kind;
         lp::constraint_index m_constraints[2];
+        // Infinitesimal coefficient of the asserted (positive-literal) bound
+        // value: the bound means  v (>=|<=) m_value + m_eps*delta.  Non-zero
+        // only for the delta-rational bounds used to validate strict
+        // optimization optima (e.g. a lower bound (r, -1) for a maximize
+        // supremum).  Kept so get_value reports the true delta value and no
+        // spurious rational fixed-variable equality is propagated to EUF.
+        rational         m_eps;
 
     public:
-        bound(Literal bv, theory_var v, lp::lpvar vi, bool is_int, rational const& val, bound_kind k, lp::constraint_index ct, lp::constraint_index cf) :
+        bound(Literal bv, theory_var v, lp::lpvar vi, bool is_int, rational const& val, bound_kind k, lp::constraint_index ct, lp::constraint_index cf, rational const& eps = rational::zero()) :
             m_bv(bv),
             m_var(v),
             m_column_index(vi),
             m_is_int(is_int),
             m_value(val),
-            m_bound_kind(k) {
+            m_bound_kind(k),
+            m_eps(eps) {
             m_constraints[0] = cf;
             m_constraints[1] = ct;
         }
@@ -67,7 +75,7 @@ namespace lp_api {
 
         inf_rational get_value(bool is_true) const {
             if (is_true != get_lit().sign()) 
-                return inf_rational(m_value);                         // v >= value or v <= value
+                return inf_rational(m_value, m_eps);                  // v >= value (+ eps*delta) or v <= value (+ eps*delta)
             if (m_is_int) {
                 SASSERT(m_value.is_int());
                 rational const& offset = (m_bound_kind == lower_t) ? rational::minus_one() : rational::one();
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lp_bound_propagator.h b/src/math/lp/lp_bound_propagator.h
index 2568c51fbd..3df2fbf741 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lp_bound_propagator.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lp_bound_propagator.h
@@ -248,22 +248,16 @@ public:
 
     void explain_fixed_in_row(unsigned row, explanation& ex) {
         TRACE(eq, tout << lp().get_row(row) << std::endl);
-        for (const auto& c : lp().get_row(row))
-            if (lp().column_is_fixed(c.var()))
-                lp().explain_fixed_column(c.var(), ex);
+        lp().explain_fixed_in_row(row, ex);
     }
 
     unsigned explain_fixed_in_row_and_get_base(unsigned row, explanation& ex) {
-        unsigned base = UINT_MAX;
         TRACE(eq, tout << lp().get_row(row) << std::endl);
-        for (const auto& c : lp().get_row(row)) {
-            if (lp().column_is_fixed(c.var())) {
-                lp().explain_fixed_column(c.var(), ex);
-            } 
-            else if (lp().is_base(c.var())) {
+        lp().explain_fixed_in_row(row, ex);
+        unsigned base = UINT_MAX;
+        for (const auto& c : lp().get_row(row))
+            if (!lp().column_is_fixed(c.var()) && lp().is_base(c.var()))
                 base = c.var();
-            }
-        }
         return base;
     }
     
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lp_core_solver_base_def.h b/src/math/lp/lp_core_solver_base_def.h
index c4c41c26e7..21bd48a222 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lp_core_solver_base_def.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lp_core_solver_base_def.h
@@ -277,13 +277,11 @@ pivot_column_tableau(unsigned j, unsigned piv_row_index) {
         m_A.m_rows[c.var()][c.offset()].offset() = pivot_col_cell_index;
     }
     while (column.size() > 1) {
-        auto & c = column.back();
+        auto& c = column.back();
         SASSERT(c.var() != piv_row_index);
-        if(! m_A.pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(piv_row_index, c, j)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (m_touched_rows!= nullptr)
+        if (m_touched_rows != nullptr)
             m_touched_rows->insert(c.var());
+        m_A.pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(piv_row_index, c, j);
     }
 
     if (m_settings.simplex_strategy() == simplex_strategy_enum::tableau_costs)
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lp_params_helper.pyg b/src/math/lp/lp_params_helper.pyg
index c3d50ab861..29a10c2d52 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lp_params_helper.pyg
+++ b/src/math/lp/lp_params_helper.pyg
@@ -5,9 +5,15 @@ def_module_params(module_name='lp',
                   params=(('dio', BOOL, True, 'use Diophantine equalities'),
                           ('dio_branching_period', UINT, 100, 'Period of calling branching on undef in Diophantine handler'),
                           ('dio_cuts_enable_gomory', BOOL, False, 'enable Gomory cuts together with Diophantine cuts, only relevant when dioph_eq is true'),
+                          ('dio_gomory_enable_period', UINT, 16, 'number of consecutive unproductive (undef) Diophantine-handler calls after which the controller starts running Gomory cuts and the gcd test alongside dio; a dio conflict resets the count and stops them; set very large to never start them this way so Gomory follows dio_cuts_enable_gomory only'),
                           ('dio_cuts_enable_hnf', BOOL, True, 'enable hnf cuts together with Diophantine cuts, only relevant when dioph_eq is true'),
                           ('dio_ignore_big_nums', BOOL, True, 'Ignore the terms with big numbers in the Diophantine handler, only relevant when dioph_eq is true'),
                           ('dio_calls_period', UINT, 1, 'Period of calling the Diophantine handler in the final_check()'),
-                          ('dio_run_gcd', BOOL, False, 'Run the GCD heuristic if dio is on, if dio is disabled the option is not used'),                          
+                          ('dio_calls_period_decrease', UINT, 2, 'Amount by which dio_calls_period is decreased on each final_check() call where the Diophantine handler is not triggered, until it returns to its initial value'),
+                          ('dio_run_gcd', BOOL, False, 'Run the GCD heuristic if dio is on, if dio is disabled the option is not used'),
+                          ('lcube', BOOL, True, 'use the largest cube test for integer feasibility'),
+                          ('lcube_flips', UINT, 16, 'maximal number of coordinate flips when repairing the rounded largest cube center, only relevant when lcube is true'),
+                          ('int_hammer_period', UINT, 4, 'period (in final_check calls) for the integer cut/cube heuristics (find_cube, hnf, gomory); a smaller value calls them more often'),
+                          ('random_hammers', BOOL, True, 'draw the periodic integer heuristic gates (find_cube, lcube, hnf, gomory, dio) at random with the same 1/period rate instead of a deterministic every-k-th-call modulus'),
                          ))
                          
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lp_primal_core_solver.h b/src/math/lp/lp_primal_core_solver.h
index d1ac780e84..fe0d403fba 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lp_primal_core_solver.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lp_primal_core_solver.h
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ namespace lp {
         unsigned j, const T &m, X &theta, bool &unlimited) {
         SASSERT(m > 0 && this->m_column_types[j] == column_type::upper_bound);
         limit_inf_on_bound_m_pos(m, this->m_x[j], this->m_upper_bounds[j], theta, unlimited);
-    };
+    }
 
     void get_bound_on_variable_and_update_leaving_precisely(
         unsigned j, vector<unsigned> &leavings, T m, X &t,
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lp_settings.cpp b/src/math/lp/lp_settings.cpp
index 42d6d8ef68..affc299788 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lp_settings.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/lp_settings.cpp
@@ -37,11 +37,21 @@ void lp::lp_settings::updt_params(params_ref const& _p) {
     auto eps = p.arith_epsilon();
     m_epsilon = rational(std::max(1, (int)(100000*eps)), 100000); 
     m_dio = lp_p.dio();
-    m_dio_enable_gomory_cuts = lp_p.dio_cuts_enable_gomory();
+    m_dio_cuts_enable_gomory = lp_p.dio_cuts_enable_gomory();
+    m_dio_gomory_enable_period = lp_p.dio_gomory_enable_period();
     m_dio_enable_hnf_cuts = lp_p.dio_cuts_enable_hnf();
     m_dump_bound_lemmas = p.arith_dump_bound_lemmas();
     m_dio_ignore_big_nums = lp_p.dio_ignore_big_nums();
     m_dio_calls_period = lp_p.dio_calls_period();
+    m_dio_calls_period_decrease = lp_p.dio_calls_period_decrease();
     m_dio_run_gcd = lp_p.dio_run_gcd();
+    m_random_hammers = lp_p.random_hammers();
+    m_lcube = lp_p.lcube();
+    m_lcube_flips = lp_p.lcube_flips();
+    unsigned hammer_period = lp_p.int_hammer_period();
+    SASSERT(hammer_period != 0);
+    m_int_find_cube_period = hammer_period;
+    m_int_gomory_cut_period = hammer_period;
+    m_hnf_cut_period = hammer_period;
     m_max_conflicts = p.max_conflicts();
 }
diff --git a/src/math/lp/lp_settings.h b/src/math/lp/lp_settings.h
index d2e79ea90a..bc1f2044f5 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/lp_settings.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/lp_settings.h
@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ struct statistics {
     unsigned m_gcd_conflicts = 0;
     unsigned m_cube_calls = 0;
     unsigned m_cube_success = 0;
+    unsigned m_lcube_calls = 0;
+    unsigned m_lcube_success = 0;
+    unsigned m_lcube_flip_success = 0;
     unsigned m_patches = 0;
     unsigned m_patches_success = 0;
     unsigned m_hnf_cutter_calls = 0;
@@ -152,6 +155,9 @@ struct statistics {
         st.update("arith-gcd-conflict", m_gcd_conflicts);
         st.update("arith-cube-calls", m_cube_calls);
         st.update("arith-cube-success", m_cube_success);
+        st.update("arith-lcube-calls", m_lcube_calls);
+        st.update("arith-lcube-success", m_lcube_success);
+        st.update("arith-lcube-flip-success", m_lcube_flip_success);
         st.update("arith-patches", m_patches);
         st.update("arith-patches-success", m_patches_success);
         st.update("arith-hnf-calls", m_hnf_cutter_calls);
@@ -252,15 +258,27 @@ private:
     bool             m_print_external_var_name = false;
     bool             m_propagate_eqs = false;
     bool             m_dio = false;
-    bool             m_dio_enable_gomory_cuts = false;
+    bool             m_dio_cuts_enable_gomory = false;
+    bool             m_run_gomory_with_dio = false;
+    unsigned         m_dio_gomory_enable_period = 16;
     bool             m_dio_enable_hnf_cuts = true;
     bool             m_dump_bound_lemmas = false;
     bool             m_dio_ignore_big_nums = false;
     unsigned         m_dio_calls_period = 4;
+    unsigned         m_dio_calls_period_decrease = 2;
     bool             m_dio_run_gcd = true;
+    bool             m_random_hammers = true;
+    bool             m_lcube = true;
+    unsigned         m_lcube_flips = 16;
 public:
+    bool lcube() const { return m_lcube; }
+    unsigned lcube_flips() const { return m_lcube_flips; }
     unsigned dio_calls_period() const { return m_dio_calls_period; }
     unsigned & dio_calls_period() { return m_dio_calls_period; }
+    unsigned dio_calls_period_decrease() const { return m_dio_calls_period_decrease; }
+    unsigned & dio_calls_period_decrease() { return m_dio_calls_period_decrease; }
+    bool random_hammers() const { return m_random_hammers; }
+    bool & random_hammers() { return m_random_hammers; }
     bool print_external_var_name() const { return m_print_external_var_name; }
     bool propagate_eqs() const { return m_propagate_eqs;}
     unsigned hnf_cut_period() const { return m_hnf_cut_period; }
@@ -268,8 +286,19 @@ public:
     unsigned random_next() { return m_rand(); }
     unsigned random_next(unsigned u ) { return m_rand(u); }
     bool dio() { return m_dio; }
-    bool & dio_enable_gomory_cuts() { return m_dio_enable_gomory_cuts; }
-    bool dio_enable_gomory_cuts() const { return m_dio && m_dio_enable_gomory_cuts; }
+    // Static config: did the user request Gomory cuts up front? (lp.dio_cuts_enable_gomory)
+    bool dio_cuts_enable_gomory() const { return m_dio_cuts_enable_gomory; }
+    // dio_calls_period at which the Diophantine back-off starts running Gomory (lp.dio_gomory_enable_period)
+    unsigned dio_gomory_enable_period() const { return m_dio_gomory_enable_period; }
+    // Runtime flag owned by the Diophantine controller, kept separate from the static
+    // config above so toggling it never clobbers the user's parameter: once dio has
+    // backed off enough it starts running Gomory cuts alongside dio, and a productive
+    // dio conflict stops them again.
+    void start_running_gomory_with_dio() { m_run_gomory_with_dio = true; }
+    void stop_running_gomory_with_dio()  { m_run_gomory_with_dio = false; }
+    // Effective state read by should_gomory_cut(): allowed if either the user enabled it
+    // statically or the dio controller started running it, guarded by dio being active.
+    bool dio_enable_gomory_cuts() const { return m_dio && (m_dio_cuts_enable_gomory || m_run_gomory_with_dio); }
     bool dio_run_gcd() const { return m_dio && m_dio_run_gcd; }
     bool dio_enable_hnf_cuts() const { return m_dio && m_dio_enable_hnf_cuts; }
     bool dio_ignore_big_nums() const { return m_dio_ignore_big_nums; }
diff --git a/src/math/lp/monomial_bounds.cpp b/src/math/lp/monomial_bounds.cpp
index 28dc9a9e74..ff31f7ef53 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/monomial_bounds.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/monomial_bounds.cpp
@@ -312,6 +312,12 @@ namespace nla {
             }
             dep.mul<dep_intervals::with_deps>(product, vi, product);
         }
+        if (do_propagate_down && c().params().arith_nl_monomial_sandwich() &&
+            propagate_shared_factor(m))
+            return true;
+        if (c().params().arith_nl_monomial_binomial_sign() &&
+            propagate_binomial_sign(m))
+            return true;
         return do_propagate_up && propagate_value(product, m.var());
     }
 
@@ -501,11 +507,196 @@ namespace nla {
     }
     
     lpvar monomial_bounds::non_fixed_var(monic const& m) {
-        for (lpvar v : m) 
+        for (lpvar v : m)
             if (!c().var_is_fixed(v))
                 return v;
         return null_lpvar;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Dual-row shared-factor sandwich. For a binary monomial m = u*v, find LP
+     * term columns whose term has shape  a_m * m + a_v * v  (exactly two
+     * variables, both factors of m). The term column's bound is a sound
+     * interval for (a_m * m + a_v * v). Substituting m = u*v yields
+     * v * (a_m * u + a_v); dividing by the interval on v (sign-determined)
+     * gives an interval on (a_m * u + a_v), and an affine shift gives an
+     * interval on u. The derived interval is fed to the existing
+     * propagate_value path so the lemma channel and integer rounding are
+     * shared with the rest of the propagation pipeline.
+     */
+    bool monomial_bounds::propagate_shared_factor(monic const& m) {
+        if (m.size() != 2)
+            return false;
+        lpvar f0 = m.vars()[0], f1 = m.vars()[1];
+        if (f0 == f1)
+            return false;
+
+        unsigned const fanout_limit = c().params().arith_nl_monomial_sandwich_max_fanout();
+
+        auto try_pair = [&](lpvar u, lpvar v) -> bool {
+            // Skip if u participates in too many monomials: tightening such a
+            // factor cascades through ord-binom / monotonicity on every monic
+            // that contains it.
+            if (fanout_limit > 0) {
+                unsigned fanout = 0;
+                for (auto const& m1 : c().emons().get_use_list(u)) {
+                    (void)m1;
+                    if (++fanout > fanout_limit)
+                        return false;
+                }
+            }
+            scoped_dep_interval vi(dep);
+            var2interval(v, vi);
+            if (!dep.separated_from_zero(vi))
+                return false;
+
+            auto& lra = c().lra;
+            unsigned const ROW_CAP = 16;
+            unsigned scanned = 0;
+
+            for (auto const& cell : lra.A_r().m_columns[m.var()]) {
+                if (++scanned > ROW_CAP)
+                    break;
+                unsigned basic = lra.get_base_column_in_row(cell.var());
+                if (basic == m.var() || basic == v || basic == u)
+                    continue;
+                if (!lra.column_has_term(basic))
+                    continue;
+                auto const& term = lra.get_term(basic);
+                if (term.size() != 2 ||
+                    !term.contains(m.var()) || !term.contains(v))
+                    continue;
+
+                rational const& a_m = term.get_coeff(m.var());
+                rational const& a_v = term.get_coeff(v);
+                if (a_m.is_zero())
+                    continue;
+
+                // Term value = a_m*m + a_v*v; bound on basic bounds the term.
+                // Substituting m = u*v: term = v * (a_m*u + a_v).
+                scoped_dep_interval bi(dep);
+                var2interval(basic, bi);
+
+                scoped_dep_interval inner(dep);
+                dep.div<dep_intervals::with_deps>(bi, vi, inner);
+
+                scoped_dep_interval shift(dep);
+                dep.set_value(shift, -a_v);
+                scoped_dep_interval scaled(dep);
+                dep.add<dep_intervals::with_deps>(inner, shift, scaled);
+
+                scoped_dep_interval u_int(dep);
+                dep.mul<dep_intervals::with_deps>(rational::one() / a_m, scaled, u_int);
+
+                TRACE(nla_solver, tout << "sandwich shared-factor basic=" << basic
+                      << " m=" << m.var() << " v=" << v << " u=" << u
+                      << " a_m=" << a_m << " a_v=" << a_v << "\n";);
+
+                if (propagate_value(u_int, u))
+                    return true;  // one lemma per call to keep the channel quiet
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        return try_pair(f1, f0) || try_pair(f0, f1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign-pinned binomial bound. For a binary monomial m = u*v in m_to_refine,
+     * use the current LP value mv = val(m.var()) as a one-sided anchor on the
+     * monomial value variable, and derive a deterministic interval for u via
+     * sign-aware division by v.
+     *
+     * Direction is chosen by the disagreement: if val(m.var()) > val(u)*val(v)
+     * the LP placed the monomial above the factor product, so we condition on
+     * "m.var() >= mv"; otherwise on "m.var() <= mv". The resulting clause is
+     * structurally analogous to a propagate_value lemma plus one extra
+     * snapshot literal on m.var(): under the asserted bounds on v, the clause
+     * reduces to a 2-disjunct (snapshot literal | factor bound).
+     *
+     * Targets the case ord-binom currently handles: factors have determined
+     * signs, m.var() may have no LP bound at all. The clause is sound modulo
+     * the monomial definition (the same condition propagate_down,
+     * propagate_shared_factor and ord-binom rely on).
+     */
+    bool monomial_bounds::propagate_binomial_sign(monic const& m) {
+        if (m.size() != 2)
+            return false;
+        lpvar f0 = m.vars()[0], f1 = m.vars()[1];
+        if (f0 == f1)
+            return false;
+
+        rational const mv = c().val(m.var());
+        rational const fp = c().val(f0) * c().val(f1);
+        if (mv == fp)
+            return false;
+        bool const below = mv > fp;            // LP placed m.var() too high
+        llc const anchor_cmp = below ? llc::LT : llc::GT;
+
+        auto try_anchor = [&](lpvar u, lpvar v) -> bool {
+            // Throttle once per (m.var(), u, v, direction) tuple. Without it
+            // each new val(m.var()) snapshot would re-emit and the search
+            // would cascade across model changes the same way ord-binom does.
+            if (c().throttle().insert_new(
+                    nla_throttle::MONOMIAL_BINOMIAL_SIGN,
+                    m.var(), u, v, below))
+                return false;
+
+            scoped_dep_interval vi(dep);
+            var2interval(v, vi);
+            if (!dep.separated_from_zero(vi))
+                return false;
+
+            // Synthesize a one-sided interval for m.var() at mv. No deps;
+            // the snapshot literal goes into the lemma body directly.
+            scoped_dep_interval mi_anchor(dep);
+            if (below) {
+                dep.set_lower(mi_anchor, mv);
+                dep.set_lower_is_inf(mi_anchor, false);
+                dep.set_lower_is_open(mi_anchor, false);
+                dep.set_upper_is_inf(mi_anchor, true);
+            } else {
+                dep.set_upper(mi_anchor, mv);
+                dep.set_upper_is_inf(mi_anchor, false);
+                dep.set_upper_is_open(mi_anchor, false);
+                dep.set_lower_is_inf(mi_anchor, true);
+            }
+
+            scoped_dep_interval u_int(dep);
+            dep.div<dep_intervals::with_deps>(mi_anchor, vi, u_int);
+
+            bool emitted = false;
+            if (should_propagate_lower(u_int, u, 1)) {
+                auto const& lower = dep.lower(u_int);
+                if (!is_too_big(lower)) {
+                    auto cmp = dep.lower_is_open(u_int) ? llc::GT : llc::GE;
+                    lp::explanation ex;
+                    dep.get_lower_dep(u_int, ex);
+                    lemma_builder lemma(c(), "binomial sign anchor");
+                    lemma &= ex;
+                    lemma |= ineq(m.var(), anchor_cmp, mv);
+                    lemma |= ineq(u, cmp, lower);
+                    emitted = true;
+                }
+            }
+            if (should_propagate_upper(u_int, u, 1)) {
+                auto const& upper = dep.upper(u_int);
+                if (!is_too_big(upper)) {
+                    auto cmp = dep.upper_is_open(u_int) ? llc::LT : llc::LE;
+                    lp::explanation ex;
+                    dep.get_upper_dep(u_int, ex);
+                    lemma_builder lemma(c(), "binomial sign anchor");
+                    lemma &= ex;
+                    lemma |= ineq(m.var(), anchor_cmp, mv);
+                    lemma |= ineq(u, cmp, upper);
+                    emitted = true;
+                }
+            }
+            return emitted;
+        };
+
+        return try_anchor(f1, f0) || try_anchor(f0, f1);
+    }
+
 }
 
diff --git a/src/math/lp/monomial_bounds.h b/src/math/lp/monomial_bounds.h
index eb536a231d..564fda6987 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/monomial_bounds.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/monomial_bounds.h
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ namespace nla {
         u_dependency* explain_fixed(monic const& m, rational const& k);
         lp::explanation get_explanation(u_dependency* dep);
         bool propagate_down(monic const& m, dep_interval& mi, lpvar v, unsigned power, dep_interval& product);
+        bool propagate_shared_factor(monic const& m);
+        bool propagate_binomial_sign(monic const& m);
         void analyze_monomial(monic const& m, unsigned& num_free, lpvar& free_v, unsigned& power) const;
         bool is_free(lpvar v) const;
         bool is_zero(lpvar v) const;
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_coi.cpp b/src/math/lp/nla_coi.cpp
index fcab220216..2632ab217b 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_coi.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_coi.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /*++
   Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
 
@@ -85,4 +84,4 @@ namespace nla {
           }
       }
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_coi.h b/src/math/lp/nla_coi.h
index d05f08fbd2..683b30e092 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_coi.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_coi.h
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /*++
   Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
 
@@ -14,6 +13,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "util/uint_set.h"
+#include "util/vector.h"
+
 namespace nla {
 
     class core;
@@ -40,4 +42,4 @@ namespace nla {
         indexed_uint_set const &vars() { return m_var_set; }
 
     };
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_core.cpp b/src/math/lp/nla_core.cpp
index 34f2f0a1bb..a78dfc451c 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_core.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_core.cpp
@@ -539,6 +539,7 @@ bool core::is_octagon_term(const lp::lar_term& t, bool & sign, lpvar& i, lpvar &
     bool seen_minus = false;
     bool seen_plus = false;
     i = null_lpvar;
+    j = null_lpvar;
     for(lp::lar_term::ival p : t) {
         const auto & c = p.coeff();
         if (c == 1) {
@@ -1330,7 +1331,14 @@ lbool core::check(unsigned level) {
             return l_false;
     }
 
-    
+    if (no_effect() && params().arith_nl_nra_check_assignment() && m_check_assignment_fail_cnt < params().arith_nl_nra_check_assignment_max_fail()) {
+        scoped_limits sl(m_reslim);
+        sl.push_child(&m_nra_lim);
+        ret = m_nra.check_assignment();
+        if (ret != l_true)
+            ++m_check_assignment_fail_cnt;
+    }
+
     if (no_effect() && should_run_bounded_nlsat()) 
         ret = bounded_nlsat();
                 
@@ -1581,4 +1589,4 @@ void core::refine_pseudo_linear(monic const& m) {
     }
     SASSERT(nlvar != null_lpvar);
     lemma |= ineq(lp::lar_term(m.var(), rational(-prod), nlvar), llc::EQ, rational(0));
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_core.h b/src/math/lp/nla_core.h
index 5ccbc17e0e..c4773ffa78 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_core.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_core.h
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ class core {
 
     unsigned m_nlsat_delay = 0;
     unsigned m_nlsat_delay_bound = 0;
+    unsigned m_check_assignment_fail_cnt = 0;
 
     bool should_run_bounded_nlsat();
     lbool bounded_nlsat();
@@ -94,6 +95,8 @@ class core {
     emonics                  m_emons;
     svector<lpvar>           m_add_buffer;
     mutable indexed_uint_set m_active_var_set;
+    // hook installed by theory_lra for creating a multiplication definition
+    std::function<lpvar(unsigned, lpvar const*)> m_add_mul_def_hook;
 
     reslimit                 m_nra_lim;
 
@@ -212,9 +215,12 @@ public:
     void deregister_monic_from_tables(const monic & m, unsigned i);
 
     void add_monic(lpvar v, unsigned sz, lpvar const* vs);   
-    void add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) { m_divisions.add_idivision(q, x, y); }
-    void add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) { m_divisions.add_rdivision(q, x, y); }
-    void add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) { m_divisions.add_bounded_division(q, x, y); }
+    void add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) { m_divisions.add_idivision(q, x, y, r); }
+    void add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) { m_divisions.add_rdivision(q, x, y, r); }
+    void add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) { m_divisions.add_bounded_division(q, x, y, r); }
+    void add_divisibility(lpvar r, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar d) { m_divisions.add_divisibility(r, x, y, d); }
+    void set_add_mul_def_hook(std::function<lpvar(unsigned, lpvar const*)> const& f) { m_add_mul_def_hook = f; }
+    lpvar add_mul_def(unsigned sz, lpvar const* vs) { SASSERT(m_add_mul_def_hook); lpvar v = m_add_mul_def_hook(sz, vs); add_monic(v, sz, vs); return v; }
 
     void set_relevant(std::function<bool(lpvar)>& is_relevant) { m_relevant = is_relevant; }
     bool is_relevant(lpvar v) const { return !m_relevant || m_relevant(v); }
@@ -478,4 +484,3 @@ inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, pp_factorization const& f) {
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, pp_var const& v) { return v.c.print_var(v.v, out); }
 
 } // end of namespace nla
-
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_divisions.cpp b/src/math/lp/nla_divisions.cpp
index 49b4ee765a..c73795876e 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_divisions.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_divisions.cpp
@@ -18,29 +18,36 @@ Description:
 
 namespace nla {
 
-    void divisions::add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) {
-        if (x == null_lpvar || y == null_lpvar || q == null_lpvar)
+    void divisions::add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) {
+        if (x == null_lpvar || y == null_lpvar || q == null_lpvar || r == null_lpvar)
             return;
-        m_idivisions.push_back({q, x, y});
+        m_idivisions.push_back({q, x, y, r});
         m_core.trail().push(push_back_vector(m_idivisions));
     }
 
-    void divisions::add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) {
-        if (x == null_lpvar || y == null_lpvar || q == null_lpvar)
+    void divisions::add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) {
+        if (x == null_lpvar || y == null_lpvar || q == null_lpvar || r == null_lpvar)
             return;
-        m_rdivisions.push_back({ q, x, y });
+        m_rdivisions.push_back({ q, x, y, r });
         m_core.trail().push(push_back_vector(m_rdivisions));
     }
 
-    void divisions::add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) {
-        if (x == null_lpvar || y == null_lpvar || q == null_lpvar)
+    void divisions::add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) {
+        if (x == null_lpvar || y == null_lpvar || q == null_lpvar || r == null_lpvar)
             return;
         if (m_core.lra.column_has_term(x) || m_core.lra.column_has_term(y) ||  m_core.lra.column_has_term(q))
             return;
-        m_bounded_divisions.push_back({ q, x, y });
+        m_bounded_divisions.push_back({ q, x, y, r });
         m_core.trail().push(push_back_vector(m_bounded_divisions));
     }
 
+    void divisions::add_divisibility(lpvar r, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar d) {
+        if (x == null_lpvar || y == null_lpvar || r == null_lpvar || d == null_lpvar)
+            return;
+        m_divisibility.push_back({ r, x, y, d });
+        m_core.trail().push(push_back_vector(m_divisibility));
+    }
+
     typedef lp::lar_term term;
     
     // y1 >= y2 > 0 & x1 <= x2 => x1/y1 <= x2/y2
@@ -111,7 +118,7 @@ namespace nla {
                 return false;
         };
 
-        for (auto const & [r, x, y] : m_idivisions) {
+        for (auto const & [r, x, y, md] : m_idivisions) {
             if (!c.is_relevant(r))
                 continue;
             auto xval = c.val(x);
@@ -120,7 +127,7 @@ namespace nla {
             // idiv semantics
             if (!xval.is_int() || !yval.is_int() || yval == 0 || rval == div(xval, yval))
                 continue;
-            for (auto const& [q2, x2, y2] : m_idivisions) {
+            for (auto const& [q2, x2, y2, md2] : m_idivisions) {
                 if (q2 == r)
                     continue;
                 if (!c.is_relevant(q2))
@@ -133,7 +140,7 @@ namespace nla {
             }
         }
 
-        for (auto const& [r, x, y] : m_rdivisions) {
+        for (auto const& [r, x, y, md] : m_rdivisions) {
             if (!c.is_relevant(r))
                 continue;
             auto xval = c.val(x);
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ namespace nla {
             // / semantics
             if (yval == 0 || rval == xval / yval)
                 continue;
-            for (auto const& [q2, x2, y2] : m_rdivisions) {
+            for (auto const& [q2, x2, y2, md2] : m_rdivisions) {
                 if (q2 == r)
                     continue;
                 if (!c.is_relevant(q2))
@@ -154,7 +161,10 @@ namespace nla {
                     return;
             }
         }
-        
+
+        check_mod_mult();
+        check_linear_divisibility();
+        check_mod_congruence();
     }
 
     // if p is bounded, q a value, r = eval(p):
@@ -163,11 +173,11 @@ namespace nla {
 
     void divisions::check_bounded_divisions() {
         core& c = m_core;
-        unsigned offset = c.random(), sz = m_bounded_divisions.size();        
+        unsigned offset = c.random(), sz = m_bounded_divisions.size();
 
         for (unsigned j = 0; j < sz; ++j) {
             unsigned i = (offset + j) % sz;
-            auto [q, x, y] = m_bounded_divisions[i];
+            auto [q, x, y, r] = m_bounded_divisions[i];
             if (!c.is_relevant(q))
                 continue;
             auto xv = c.val(x);
@@ -188,9 +198,9 @@ namespace nla {
             rational lo = yv * div_v;
             if (xv > hi) {
                 lemma_builder lemma(c, "y = yv & x <= yv * div(xv, yv) + yv - 1 => div(p, y) <= div(xv, yv)");
-                lemma |= ineq(y, llc::NE, yv); 
-                lemma |= ineq(x, llc::GT, hi); 
-                lemma |= ineq(q, llc::LE, div_v);  
+                lemma |= ineq(y, llc::NE, yv);
+                lemma |= ineq(x, llc::GT, hi);
+                lemma |= ineq(q, llc::LE, div_v);
                 return;
             }
             if (xv < lo) {
@@ -201,5 +211,147 @@ namespace nla {
                 return;
             }
         }
-    }    
+    }
+
+    // mod(factor, p) = 0 => mod(factor * k, p) = 0
+    // For each division (q, x, y, r) where x is a monic m = f1 * f2 * ... * fk,
+    // if some factor fi has mod(fi, p) = 0 (fixed), then mod(x, p) = 0.
+    void divisions::check_mod_mult() {
+        core& c = m_core;
+        unsigned offset = c.random(), sz = m_bounded_divisions.size();
+
+        for (unsigned j = 0; j < sz; ++j) {
+            unsigned i = (offset + j) % sz;
+            auto [q, x, y, r] = m_bounded_divisions[i];
+            if (!c.is_relevant(q))
+                continue;
+            if (c.var_is_fixed_to_zero(r))
+                continue;
+            if (c.val(r).is_zero())
+                continue;
+            if (!c.is_monic_var(x))
+                continue;
+            auto yv = c.val(y);
+            if (yv <= 0 || !yv.is_int())
+                continue;
+            auto const& m = c.emons()[x];
+            for (lpvar f : m.vars()) {
+                for (auto const& [q2, x2, y2, r2] : m_bounded_divisions) {
+                    if (x2 != f)
+                        continue;
+                    if (c.val(y2) != yv)
+                        continue;
+                    if (!c.var_is_fixed_to_zero(r2))
+                        continue;
+                    // mod(factor, p) = 0 => mod(product, p) = 0
+                    lemma_builder lemma(c, "mod(factor, p) = 0 => mod(factor * k, p) = 0");
+                    lemma |= ineq(r2, llc::NE, 0);
+                    lemma |= ineq(r, llc::EQ, 0);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Linear divisibility closure:
+    //   mod(a, y) = 0  &  x = c * a   (c an integer constant)  =>  mod(x, y) = 0.
+    // The emitted clause
+    //   (x - c*a != 0)  \/  (mod(a, y) != 0)  \/  (mod(x, y) = 0)
+    // is a tautology for every integer c (under the Euclidean semantics of mod),
+    // so the choice of c/a from the current model can never be unsound. We only
+    // emit it when all three literals are false in the current model, which makes
+    // the clause a real conflict/propagation and guarantees progress.
+    void divisions::check_linear_divisibility() {
+        core& c = m_core;
+        unsigned sz = m_divisibility.size();
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+            auto const& [rx, x, y, dx] = m_divisibility[i];
+            if (!c.is_relevant(rx))
+                continue;
+            if (c.val(rx).is_zero())   // mod(x, y) already 0 in model: nothing to refute
+                continue;
+            auto xval = c.val(x);
+            if (xval.is_zero())
+                continue;
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j < sz; ++j) {
+                if (i == j)
+                    continue;
+                auto const& [ra, a, y2, da] = m_divisibility[j];
+                if (y2 != y && c.val(y2) != c.val(y)) // same divisor (by column or value)
+                    continue;
+                if (!c.is_relevant(ra))
+                    continue;
+                if (!c.val(ra).is_zero())  // need mod(a, y) = 0 in model
+                    continue;
+                auto aval = c.val(a);
+                if (aval.is_zero())
+                    continue;
+                rational cc = xval / aval;
+                if (!cc.is_int() || cc.is_zero())
+                    continue;
+                if (xval != cc * aval)     // ensure x = c*a holds exactly in the model
+                    continue;
+                lemma_builder lemma(c, "mod(a,y) = 0 & x = c*a => mod(x,y) = 0");
+                lemma |= ineq(term(x, -cc, a), llc::NE, 0); // x - c*a != 0
+                lemma |= ineq(ra, llc::NE, 0);              // mod(a, y) != 0
+                lemma |= ineq(rx, llc::EQ, 0);              // mod(x, y) = 0
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Modular congruence over a shared (possibly symbolic) divisor.
+    //
+    // For each divisibility fact we have the Euclidean identities (asserted by
+    // theory_lra::mk_idiv_mod_axioms):
+    //      x = y * div(x,y) + mod(x,y),   0 <= mod(x,y) < |y|.
+    // For two facts (rx = mod(x,y), dx = div(x,y)) and (rs = mod(s,y), ds = div(s,y))
+    // sharing divisor y, subtracting the identities gives, for every integer delta,
+    //      div(x,y) - div(s,y) = delta   =>   mod(x,y) - mod(s,y) = (x - s) - delta*y.
+    // This is a tautology (entailed by the two identities) for any fixed integer
+    // delta, so choosing delta from the current model can never be unsound. We emit
+    // the clause
+    //      (div(x,y) - div(s,y) != delta) \/ (mod(x,y) - mod(s,y) - (x - s) + delta*y = 0)
+    // only when the equality literal is false in the model (delta taken as the model
+    // value of div(x,y) - div(s,y)), which makes the clause a real propagation and
+    // guarantees progress. This discharges linear congruences with a symbolic
+    // modulus (e.g. mod(i + s, n) = i + mod(s, n)) that the nonlinear core does not
+    // otherwise isolate.
+    void divisions::check_mod_congruence() {
+        core& c = m_core;
+        unsigned sz = m_divisibility.size();
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+            auto const& [rx, x, y, dx] = m_divisibility[i];
+            if (!c.is_relevant(rx))
+                continue;
+            auto yval = c.val(y);
+            if (yval.is_zero())   // mod/div uninterpreted when the divisor is 0
+                continue;
+            for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < sz; ++j) {
+                auto const& [rs, s, y2, ds] = m_divisibility[j];
+                if (!c.is_relevant(rs))
+                    continue;
+                if (y2 != y && c.val(y2) != yval) // same divisor (by column or value)
+                    continue;
+                rational delta = c.val(dx) - c.val(ds);
+                rational lhs = c.val(rx) - c.val(rs);
+                rational rhs = (c.val(x) - c.val(s)) - delta * yval;
+                if (lhs == rhs)   // residue equation already holds: nothing to propagate
+                    continue;
+                lemma_builder lemma(c, "y != 0 & y = y2 & div(x,y) - div(s,y) = delta => mod(x,y) - mod(s,y) = (x - s) - delta*y");
+                lemma |= ineq(y, llc::EQ, 0);                        // y = 0 (guard: mod/div uninterpreted when divisor is 0)
+                if (y2 != y)
+                    lemma |= ineq(term(y, rational(-1), y2), llc::NE, 0); // y != y2 (guard: divisors must coincide symbolically)
+                lemma |= ineq(term(dx, rational(-1), ds), llc::NE, delta); // div(x,y) - div(s,y) != delta
+                term t;
+                t.add_monomial(rational::one(), rx);
+                t.add_monomial(rational(-1), rs);
+                t.add_monomial(rational(-1), x);
+                t.add_monomial(rational::one(), s);
+                t.add_monomial(delta, y);
+                lemma |= ineq(t, llc::EQ, 0); // mod(x,y) - mod(s,y) - x + s + delta*y = 0
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_divisions.h b/src/math/lp/nla_divisions.h
index 80bf5be4e7..3c687a0739 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_divisions.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_divisions.h
@@ -22,16 +22,22 @@ namespace nla {
     
     class divisions {
         core& m_core;
-        vector<std::tuple<lpvar, lpvar, lpvar>> m_idivisions;
-        vector<std::tuple<lpvar, lpvar, lpvar>> m_rdivisions;
-        vector<std::tuple<lpvar, lpvar, lpvar>> m_bounded_divisions;
-        
+        vector<std::tuple<lpvar, lpvar, lpvar, lpvar>> m_idivisions;
+        vector<std::tuple<lpvar, lpvar, lpvar, lpvar>> m_rdivisions;
+        vector<std::tuple<lpvar, lpvar, lpvar, lpvar>> m_bounded_divisions;
+        // divisibility facts (r, x, y, d) meaning r = mod(x, y) and d = div(x, y)
+        vector<std::tuple<lpvar, lpvar, lpvar, lpvar>> m_divisibility;
+
     public:
         divisions(core& c):m_core(c) {}
-        void add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y);
-        void add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y);
-        void add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y);
+        void add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r);
+        void add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r);
+        void add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r);
+        void add_divisibility(lpvar r, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar d);
         void check();
         void check_bounded_divisions();
+        void check_mod_mult();
+        void check_linear_divisibility();
+        void check_mod_congruence();
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_grobner.cpp b/src/math/lp/nla_grobner.cpp
index 5df8439a91..67e5a60508 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_grobner.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_grobner.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ Author:
     Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner)
 
 --*/
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <climits>
 #include "util/uint_set.h"
 #include "params/smt_params_helper.hpp"
 #include "math/lp/nla_core.h"
@@ -77,56 +79,75 @@ namespace nla {
         if (!configure())
             return;
 
+        bool productive = false;
+
         try {
             if (propagate_gcd_test())
-                return;
+                productive = true;
         }
         catch (...) {
-            
+
         }
-        m_solver.saturate();
-        TRACE(grobner, m_solver.display(tout));
+        if (!productive) {
+            m_solver.saturate();
+            TRACE(grobner, m_solver.display(tout));
 
-        if (m_delay_base > 0)
-            --m_delay_base;
-        
-        try {
+            if (m_delay_base > 0)
+                --m_delay_base;
 
-            if (is_conflicting())
-                return;
+            try {
+                productive = is_conflicting()
+                    || propagate_quotients()
+                    || propagate_gcd_test()
+                    || propagate_eqs()
+                    || propagate_factorization()
+                    || propagate_linear_equations();
+            }
+            catch (...) {
 
-            if (propagate_quotients())
-                return;
-
-            if (propagate_gcd_test())
-                return;
-
-            if (propagate_eqs())
-                return;
-
-            if (propagate_factorization())
-                return;
-
-            if (propagate_linear_equations())
-                return;
-            
-        }
-        catch (...) {
-            
+            }
         }
 
-        // DEBUG_CODE(for (auto e : m_solver.equations()) check_missing_propagation(*e););
+        if (c().params().arith_nl_grobner_adaptive())
+            update_growth_boost(productive);
+
+        if (productive)
+            return;
 
-        // for (auto e : m_solver.equations()) check_missing_propagation(*e);
-        
         ++m_delay_base;
         if (m_quota > 0)
-           --m_quota;
+            --m_quota;
 
         IF_VERBOSE(5, verbose_stream() << "grobner miss, quota " << m_quota << "\n");
         IF_VERBOSE(5, diagnose_pdd_miss(verbose_stream()));
     }
 
+    void grobner::update_growth_boost(bool productive) {
+        // Bumping is conservative: requires two consecutive productive runs
+        // before any boost; misses decay toward unit by 1/4 per call.
+        unsigned const unit = m_config.m_adaptive_unit;
+        unsigned const cap  = m_config.m_adaptive_max;
+        if (productive) {
+            ++m_hit_streak;
+            if (m_hit_streak >= m_config.m_adaptive_bump_after) {
+                unsigned next = m_growth_boost + (m_growth_boost >> 1);
+                m_growth_boost = std::min(next, cap);
+                m_hit_streak = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            m_hit_streak = 0;
+            if (m_growth_boost > unit) {
+                unsigned excess = m_growth_boost - unit;
+                m_growth_boost -= (excess + 3) / 4;
+                if (m_growth_boost < unit)
+                    m_growth_boost = unit;
+            }
+        }
+        IF_VERBOSE(5, verbose_stream() << "grobner adaptive boost " << m_growth_boost
+                   << "/" << unit << (productive ? " (hit)" : " (miss)") << "\n");
+    }
+
     bool grobner::is_conflicting() {
         for (auto eq : m_solver.equations()) {
             if (is_conflicting(*eq)) {
@@ -210,8 +231,6 @@ namespace nla {
         if (vars.empty() || !q.is_linear())
             return false;
 
-        // IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "factored " << q << " : " << vars << "\n");
-
         auto [t, offset] = linear_to_term(q);
 
         vector<ineq> ineqs;
@@ -226,7 +245,6 @@ namespace nla {
         add_dependencies(lemma, eq);
         for (auto const& i : ineqs)
             lemma |= i;
-        //lemma.display(verbose_stream());
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -368,6 +386,70 @@ namespace nla {
                 nl_vars.insert(j);
         }
 
+        // mod_residue: derive v's residue mod M from polynomial divisibility.
+        //
+        // Common case. Given polynomial
+        //     p = M*v1 + v - M*v2*v3 = 0,
+        // every monomial except v is M-divisible, so v ≡ 0 (mod M).
+        // Combined with 0 ≤ v < M, this forces v = 0.
+        // Emit: dependencies => (v < 0) ∨ (v ≥ M) ∨ (v = 0).
+        //
+        // General case. For a linear monomial c_v*v in p with c0 the constant
+        // term, require c_i/c_v integer for every non-v monomial and c0/c_v
+        // integer (call it K). Let M = gcd(|c_i/c_v|) over non-v monomials.
+        // Then p/c_v gives v + M*Q + K = 0 with Q integer, so v ≡ -K (mod M).
+        // With target = (-K) mod M ∈ [0, M-1], emit
+        //     dependencies => (v < 0) ∨ (v ≥ M) ∨ (v = target).
+        for (auto const& mv : p) {
+            if (mv.vars.size() != 1)
+                continue;
+            lpvar vv = mv.vars[0];
+            if (!c().var_is_int(vv))
+                continue;
+            rational c_v = mv.coeff;
+            SASSERT(c_v != 0);
+            rational M(0);  // 0 sentinel: "no non-v non-constant monomial seen yet".
+            rational c0(0);
+            bool ok = true;
+            for (auto const& mi : p) {
+                if (mi.vars.size() == 1 && mi.vars[0] == vv)
+                    continue;  // skip the mv monomial itself
+                if (mi.vars.empty()) {
+                    c0 = mi.coeff;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                rational quot = mi.coeff / c_v;
+                if (!quot.is_int()) { ok = false; break; }
+                rational a = abs(quot);
+                SASSERT(a != 0);
+                M = M == 0 ? a : gcd(M, a);
+                if (M == 1) { ok = false; break; }  // trivial modulus, abort
+            }
+            if (!ok || M == 0)
+                continue;
+            rational K = c0 / c_v;
+            if (!K.is_int())
+                continue;
+            rational target = mod(-K, M);  // Euclidean: result in [0, M-1].
+            SASSERT(target >= 0 && target < M);
+            // Skip if the lemma is already satisfied by the current model:
+            // any of (v < 0), (v ≥ M), (v = target) trivially holding means
+            // emission would be redundant. Without this guard, the lemma
+            // re-emits every Grobner round on the same polynomial.
+            rational v_val = c().val(vv);
+            if (v_val < 0 || v_val >= M || v_val == target)
+                continue;
+            lemma_builder lemma(c(), "grobner-mod-residue");
+            add_dependencies(lemma, eq);
+            lemma |= ineq(vv, llc::LT, rational::zero());
+            lemma |= ineq(vv, llc::GE, M);
+            lemma |= ineq(vv, llc::EQ, target);
+            TRACE(grobner, lemma.display(tout << "mod_residue v=" << vv
+                << " M=" << M << " c_v=" << c_v << " c0=" << c0
+                << " target=" << target << "\n"));
+            return true;
+        }
+
         bool found_lemma = false;
         for (auto v : nl_vars) {
             auto& m = p.manager();
@@ -559,25 +641,27 @@ namespace nla {
         }
         TRACE(grobner, m_solver.display(tout));
 
-#if 0
-        IF_VERBOSE(2, m_pdd_grobner.display(verbose_stream()));
-        dd::pdd_eval eval(m_pdd_manager);
-        eval.var2val() = [&](unsigned j){ return val(j); };
-        for (auto* e : m_pdd_grobner.equations()) {
-            dd::pdd p = e->poly();
-            rational v = eval(p);
-            if (p.is_linear() && !eval(p).is_zero()) {
-                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "violated linear constraint " << p << "\n");
-            }
-        }
-#endif
-   
         struct dd::solver::config cfg;
         cfg.m_max_steps = m_solver.equations().size();
         cfg.m_max_simplified = c().params().arith_nl_grobner_max_simplified();
         cfg.m_eqs_growth = c().params().arith_nl_grobner_eqs_growth();
         cfg.m_expr_size_growth = c().params().arith_nl_grobner_expr_size_growth();
         cfg.m_expr_degree_growth = c().params().arith_nl_grobner_expr_degree_growth();
+        if (c().params().arith_nl_grobner_adaptive() && m_growth_boost != m_config.m_adaptive_unit) {
+            // Wider intermediate to prevent overflow when a user param is
+            // close to UINT_MAX; clamp before assigning back to the unsigned
+            // config fields.
+            uint64_t const unit  = m_config.m_adaptive_unit;
+            uint64_t const boost = m_growth_boost;
+            auto scale = [unit, boost](unsigned x) -> unsigned {
+                uint64_t y = (static_cast<uint64_t>(x) * boost) / unit;
+                return y > UINT_MAX ? UINT_MAX : static_cast<unsigned>(y);
+            };
+            cfg.m_eqs_growth         = scale(cfg.m_eqs_growth);
+            cfg.m_expr_size_growth   = scale(cfg.m_expr_size_growth);
+            cfg.m_expr_degree_growth = scale(cfg.m_expr_degree_growth);
+            cfg.m_max_simplified     = scale(cfg.m_max_simplified);
+        }
         cfg.m_number_of_conflicts_to_report = c().params().arith_nl_grobner_cnfl_to_report();
         m_solver.set(cfg);
         m_solver.adjust_cfg();
@@ -588,14 +672,12 @@ namespace nla {
 
     std::ostream& grobner::diagnose_pdd_miss(std::ostream& out) {
 
-        // m_pdd_grobner.display(out);
-
         dd::pdd_eval eval;
         eval.var2val() = [&](unsigned j){ return val(j); };
         for (auto* e : m_solver.equations()) {
             dd::pdd p = e->poly();
             rational v = eval(p);
-            if (!v.is_zero()) {
+            if (v != 0) {
                 out << p << " := " << v << "\n";
             }
         }  
@@ -701,7 +783,15 @@ namespace nla {
 
         lp::lpvar j = c().lra.add_term(coeffs, UINT_MAX);
         c().lra.update_column_type_and_bound(j, lp::lconstraint_kind::EQ, offset, e.dep());
-        c().m_check_feasible = true; 
+        c().m_check_feasible = true;
+        TRACE(nla_solver,
+            // Print the term as installed (post subst_known_terms), not the
+            // pre-add_term coeffs vector. add_term normalizes/substitutes
+            // term-column references, so coeffs and the resulting row can
+            // diverge if any var is itself a term-column.
+            tout << "grobner-linear-eq: ";
+            c().lra.print_term(c().lra.get_term(j), tout);
+            tout << " = " << offset << "\n";);
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_grobner.h b/src/math/lp/nla_grobner.h
index 19f0e36870..4119543431 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_grobner.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_grobner.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "math/lp/nla_intervals.h"
 #include "math/lp/nex.h"
 #include "math/lp/cross_nested.h"
+#include "util/params.h"
 #include "util/uint_set.h"
 #include "math/grobner/pdd_solver.h"
 
@@ -23,7 +24,13 @@ namespace nla {
             bool m_propagate_quotients = false;
             bool m_gcd_test = false;
             bool m_expand_terms = false;
+            // Adaptive growth (gated by arith.nl.grobner_adaptive). m_growth_boost
+            // is in fixed-point units of 1/m_adaptive_unit (m_adaptive_unit == 1.0x).
+            unsigned m_adaptive_unit       = 16;
+            unsigned m_adaptive_max        = 4 * 16;
+            unsigned m_adaptive_bump_after = 2;
         };
+        config                   m_config;
         dd::pdd_manager          m_pdd_manager;
         dd::solver               m_solver;
         lp::lar_solver&          lra;
@@ -31,8 +38,9 @@ namespace nla {
         unsigned                 m_quota = 0;
         unsigned                 m_delay_base = 0;
         unsigned                 m_delay = 0;
+        unsigned                 m_growth_boost = m_config.m_adaptive_unit;
+        unsigned                 m_hit_streak = 0;
         bool                     m_add_all_eqs = false;
-        config                   m_config;
         std::unordered_map<unsigned_vector, lpvar, hash_svector> m_mon2var;
 
         lp::lp_settings& lp_settings();
@@ -69,6 +77,9 @@ namespace nla {
 
         bool equation_is_true(dd::solver::equation const& eq);
 
+        // adaptive growth (gated by arith.nl.grobner_adaptive)
+        void update_growth_boost(bool productive);
+
         // setup
         bool configure();
         void set_level2var();
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_order_lemmas.cpp b/src/math/lp/nla_order_lemmas.cpp
index bb413f4c44..e3c8618f7b 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_order_lemmas.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_order_lemmas.cpp
@@ -81,9 +81,11 @@ void order::order_lemma_on_binomial(const monic& ac) {
   
 */
 void order::order_lemma_on_binomial_sign(const monic& xy, lpvar x, lpvar y, int sign) {
+    if (!c().params().arith_nl_order_binomial_sign())
+        return;
     if (!c().var_is_int(x) && val(x).is_big())
         return;
-    
+
 
     SASSERT(!_().mon_has_zero(xy.vars()));
     int sy = rat_sign(val(y));
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_pp.cpp b/src/math/lp/nla_pp.cpp
index 7d7e8ec7c8..c925753c8d 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_pp.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_pp.cpp
@@ -432,4 +432,4 @@ std::ostream& core::display_constraint_smt(std::ostream& out, unsigned id, lp::l
     out << (evaluation ? "true" : "false");
     out << "\n";
     return out;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_solver.cpp b/src/math/lp/nla_solver.cpp
index eb669ab4b7..da1e1b3a95 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_solver.cpp
@@ -20,16 +20,20 @@ namespace nla {
         m_core->add_monic(v, sz, vs);
     }
 
-    void solver::add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) {
-        m_core->add_idivision(q, x, y);
+    void solver::add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) {
+        m_core->add_idivision(q, x, y, r);
     }
 
-    void solver::add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) {
-        m_core->add_rdivision(q, x, y);
+    void solver::add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) {
+        m_core->add_rdivision(q, x, y, r);
     }
 
-    void solver::add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y) {
-        m_core->add_bounded_division(q, x, y);
+    void solver::add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r) {
+        m_core->add_bounded_division(q, x, y, r);
+    }
+
+    void solver::add_divisibility(lpvar r, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar d) {
+        m_core->add_divisibility(r, x, y, d);
     }
 
     void solver::set_relevant(std::function<bool(lpvar)>& is_relevant) {
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_solver.h b/src/math/lp/nla_solver.h
index e6d02e7931..2e85bb18f4 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_solver.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_solver.h
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ namespace nla {
         ~solver();
         const auto& monics_with_changed_bounds() const { return m_core->monics_with_changed_bounds(); }
         void add_monic(lpvar v, unsigned sz, lpvar const* vs);
-        void add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y);
-        void add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y);
-        void add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y);
+        void add_idivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r);
+        void add_rdivision(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r);
+        void add_bounded_division(lpvar q, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar r);
+        void add_divisibility(lpvar r, lpvar x, lpvar y, lpvar d);
         void check_bounded_divisions();
         void set_relevant(std::function<bool(lpvar)>& is_relevant);
         void updt_params(params_ref const& p);
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_tangent_lemmas.cpp b/src/math/lp/nla_tangent_lemmas.cpp
index 91676b6606..b322a48be6 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_tangent_lemmas.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_tangent_lemmas.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ class tangent_imp {
     rational      m_correct_v;
     // "below" means that the incorrect value is less than the correct one, that is m_v < m_correct_v
     bool          m_below;
+    // pl is in the strict interior of the bound box (model-driven points
+    // get_initial_points + push_point); McCormick at the box corners
+    // requires non-strict inequality because the tangent meets the surface
+    // along the box's edges (xy = pl.y*x + pl.x*y - pl.x*pl.y at x = pl.x
+    // or y = pl.y).
+    bool          m_pl_strict_interior = true;
     rational      m_v; // the monomial value 
     lpvar         m_j; // the monic variable
     const monic&  m_m;
@@ -89,7 +95,10 @@ private:
         t.add_monomial(- m_y.rat_sign()*pl.x, m_jy);
         t.add_monomial(- m_x.rat_sign()*pl.y, m_jx);
         t.add_var(m_j);
-        lemma |= ineq(t, m_below? llc::GT : llc::LT, - pl.x*pl.y);
+        llc cmp = m_below
+            ? (m_pl_strict_interior ? llc::GT : llc::GE)
+            : (m_pl_strict_interior ? llc::LT : llc::LE);
+        lemma |= ineq(t, cmp, - pl.x*pl.y);
         explain(lemma);
     }
 
@@ -164,14 +173,61 @@ private:
         return a.x * m_xy.y + a.y * m_xy.x - a.x * a.y;
     }
 
+    // McCormick at box corners: choose m_a, m_b at the corners of
+    // [x_lo, x_hi] x [y_lo, y_hi] that bound xy from the side dictated by
+    // m_below. Returns false if either factor has an unbounded side, the
+    // box is degenerate, or the current LP value of a factor coincides with
+    // a chosen corner — generate_plane's negate_relation requires
+    // val(j) != corner_coord (SASSERT in debug; trivially-true literal in
+    // release). The caller falls back to the model-driven point selection in
+    // these cases.
+    bool set_box_corners() {
+        if (!c().has_lower_bound(m_jx) || !c().has_upper_bound(m_jx))
+            return false;
+        if (!c().has_lower_bound(m_jy) || !c().has_upper_bound(m_jy))
+            return false;
+        rational const& x_lo = c().get_lower_bound(m_jx);
+        rational const& x_hi = c().get_upper_bound(m_jx);
+        rational const& y_lo = c().get_lower_bound(m_jy);
+        rational const& y_hi = c().get_upper_bound(m_jy);
+        if (x_lo == x_hi || y_lo == y_hi)
+            return false;
+        // negate_relation requires the model value to be strictly separated
+        // from the corner coordinate it's compared to. If LP currently sits
+        // exactly at a box edge, fall back.
+        rational const& vx = c().val(m_jx);
+        rational const& vy = c().val(m_jy);
+        if (vx == x_lo || vx == x_hi || vy == y_lo || vy == y_hi)
+            return false;
+        if (m_below) {
+            // Under-approximation: tangents at (x_lo, y_lo) and (x_hi, y_hi)
+            // bound xy from below across the box.
+            m_a = point(x_lo, y_lo);
+            m_b = point(x_hi, y_hi);
+        } else {
+            // Over-approximation: anti-diagonal corners.
+            m_a = point(x_lo, y_hi);
+            m_b = point(x_hi, y_lo);
+        }
+        m_pl_strict_interior = false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
     void get_points() {
+        if (c().params().arith_nl_tangents_box_corners() && set_box_corners()) {
+            // Box corners are extremes; pushing further moves out of the box
+            // and would invalidate the McCormick property.
+            TRACE(nla_solver, tout << "xy = " << m_xy << ", box-corner points: ";
+                  print_tangent_domain(tout) << std::endl;);
+            return;
+        }
         get_initial_points();
         TRACE(nla_solver, tout << "xy = " << m_xy << ", correct val = " << m_correct_v;
               print_tangent_domain(tout << "\ntang points:") << std::endl;);
-        push_point(m_a);        
+        push_point(m_a);
         push_point(m_b);
         TRACE(nla_solver,
-              tout << "pushed a = " << m_a << std::endl 
+              tout << "pushed a = " << m_a << std::endl
               << "pushed b = " << m_b << std::endl
               << "tang_plane(a) = " << tang_plane(m_a) << " , val = " << m_a << ", "
               << "tang_plane(b) = " << tang_plane(m_b) << " , val = " << m_b << std::endl;);
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_throttle.h b/src/math/lp/nla_throttle.h
index f0b84e0c39..6c58918b9c 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_throttle.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_throttle.h
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ class nla_throttle {
 public:
     enum throttle_kind {
         ORDER_LEMMA,            // order lemma (9 params)
-        BINOMIAL_SIGN_LEMMA,    // binomial sign (6 params) 
+        BINOMIAL_SIGN_LEMMA,    // binomial sign (6 params)
         MONOTONE_LEMMA,         // monotonicity (2 params)
-        TANGENT_LEMMA           // tangent lemma (5 params: monic_var, x_var, y_var, below, plane_type)
+        TANGENT_LEMMA,          // tangent lemma (5 params: monic_var, x_var, y_var, below, plane_type)
+        MONOMIAL_BINOMIAL_SIGN  // monomial binomial sign anchor (4 params: monic_var, u, v, below)
     };
 
 private:
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nla_types.h b/src/math/lp/nla_types.h
index 401e4eb62e..a57ca15e6b 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nla_types.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/nla_types.h
@@ -41,12 +41,11 @@ namespace nla {
         ineq(const lp::lar_term& term, lp::lconstraint_kind cmp, const rational& rs) : m_cmp(cmp), m_term(term), m_rs(rs) {}
         ineq(lpvar v, lp::lconstraint_kind cmp, int i): m_cmp(cmp), m_term(v), m_rs(rational(i)) {}
         ineq(lpvar v, lp::lconstraint_kind cmp, rational const& r): m_cmp(cmp), m_term(v), m_rs(r) {}
-        bool operator==(const ineq& a) const {
-            return m_cmp == a.m_cmp && m_term == a.m_term && m_rs == a.m_rs;
-        }
-        const lp::lar_term& term() const { return m_term; };
-        lp::lconstraint_kind cmp() const { return m_cmp;  };
-        const rational& rs() const { return m_rs; };
+        bool operator==(const ineq& a) const = delete;
+        bool operator!=(const ineq& a) const = delete;
+        const lp::lar_term& term() const { return m_term; }
+        lp::lconstraint_kind cmp() const { return m_cmp;  }
+        const rational& rs() const { return m_rs; }
     };
     
     class lemma {
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nra_solver.cpp b/src/math/lp/nra_solver.cpp
index dae20dc691..f5cc61ba9e 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nra_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/nra_solver.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "math/lp/nra_solver.h"
 #include "math/lp/nla_coi.h"
 #include "nlsat/nlsat_solver.h"
+#include "nlsat/nlsat_assignment.h"
 #include "math/polynomial/polynomial.h"
 #include "math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.h"
 #include "util/map.h"
@@ -35,6 +36,13 @@ struct solver::imp {
     scoped_ptr<scoped_anum_vector>   m_values; // values provided by LRA solver
     scoped_ptr<scoped_anum> m_tmp1, m_tmp2;
     nla::coi                  m_coi;
+    svector<lp::constraint_index> m_literal2constraint;
+    struct eq {
+        bool operator()(unsigned_vector const &a, unsigned_vector const &b) const {
+            return a == b;
+        }
+    };
+    map<unsigned_vector, unsigned, svector_hash<unsigned_hash>, eq> m_vars2mon;
     nla::core&                m_nla_core;
     
     imp(lp::lar_solver& s, reslimit& lim, params_ref const& p, nla::core& nla_core): 
@@ -56,8 +64,10 @@ struct solver::imp {
         m_lp2nl.reset();
     }
 
-    // Create polynomial definition for variable v used in setup_assignment_solver.
-    // Side-effects: updates m_vars2mon when v is a monic variable.
+    // Create polynomial definition for variable v used in setup_solver_poly.
+    // The definition recursively expands monic and term variables into
+    // polynomials in leaf variables, scaled by an integer denominator
+    // tracked in `denominators` to keep the coefficients integral.
     void mk_definition(unsigned v, polynomial_ref_vector &definitions, vector<rational>& denominators) {
         auto &pm = m_nlsat->pm();
         polynomial::polynomial_ref p(pm);
@@ -214,20 +224,9 @@ struct solver::imp {
             out.close();
         }
 
-        lbool r = l_undef;
         statistics& st = m_nla_core.lp_settings().stats().m_st;
-        try {
-            r = m_nlsat->check();
-        }
-        catch (z3_exception&) {
-            if (m_limit.is_canceled()) {
-                r = l_undef;
-            }
-            else {
-                m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
-                throw;
-            }
-        }
+        lbool r = m_nlsat->check();
+
         m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
         TRACE(nra, tout << "nra result " << r << "\n");
         CTRACE(nra, false,
@@ -273,7 +272,220 @@ struct solver::imp {
             break;
         }
         return r;
-    }   
+    }
+
+    void setup_assignment_solver() {
+        SASSERT(need_check());
+        reset();
+        m_literal2constraint.reset();
+        m_vars2mon.reset();
+        m_coi.init();
+        auto &pm = m_nlsat->pm();
+        polynomial_ref_vector definitions(pm);
+        vector<rational> denominators;
+
+        // Create an NLSAT polyvar for each LRA variable (identity mapping),
+        // seed the assignment from the current LRA model, populate
+        // m_vars2mon, and build the inlined polynomial definition of v.
+        //
+        // The definition expands monic and term variables into polynomials
+        // over leaf variables. Each definition is scaled by denominators[v]
+        // so that all coefficients stay integral; the scaling cancels on
+        // both sides of every constraint we build below (just like in
+        // setup_solver_poly).
+        //
+        // This "de-linearized" representation is what the linear-cell
+        // construction in NLSAT needs: a cell built around a constraint
+        // polynomial that mentions several multiplications at once can
+        // yield a lemma constraining all of them simultaneously, which is
+        // strictly stronger than the per-multiplication lemmas we would
+        // get from asserting `v_mon - v1*...*vk = 0` separately.
+        for (unsigned v = 0; v < lra.number_of_vars(); ++v) {
+            auto j = m_nlsat->mk_var(lra.var_is_int(v));
+            VERIFY(j == v);
+            m_lp2nl.insert(v, j);
+            scoped_anum a(am());
+            am().set(a, m_nla_core.val(v).to_mpq());
+            m_values->push_back(a);
+            if (m_nla_core.emons().is_monic_var(v)) {
+                auto const &m = m_nla_core.emons()[v];
+                auto vars = m.vars();
+                std::sort(vars.begin(), vars.end());
+                m_vars2mon.insert(vars, v);
+            }
+            mk_definition(v, definitions, denominators);
+        }
+
+        // Substitute each variable in the LRA constraint by its definition
+        // and rescale to keep integer coefficients. Symbolically:
+        //
+        //     v == definitions[v] / denominators[v]
+        //
+        //   sum(coeff_v * v) k rhs
+        //     == sum((coeff_v / denominators[v]) * definitions[v]) k rhs
+        //
+        // We pick den := lcm of all denominators(coeff_v / denominators[v])
+        // together with denominator(rhs), so that den * coeff_v / denominators[v]
+        // and den * rhs are all integers. The relation kind k is preserved
+        // because den > 0.
+        for (auto ci : m_coi.constraints()) {
+            auto &c = lra.constraints()[ci];
+            auto k = c.kind();
+            auto rhs = c.rhs();
+            auto lhs = c.coeffs();
+            rational den = denominator(rhs);
+            for (auto [coeff, v] : lhs)
+                den = lcm(den, denominator(coeff / denominators[v]));
+            polynomial::polynomial_ref p(pm);
+            p = pm.mk_const(-den * rhs);
+            for (auto [coeff, v] : lhs) {
+                polynomial_ref poly(pm);
+                poly = definitions.get(v);
+                poly = poly * constant(den * coeff / denominators[v]);
+                p = p + poly;
+            }
+            auto lit = add_constraint(p, ci, k);
+            m_literal2constraint.setx(lit.index(), ci, lp::null_ci);
+        }
+        definitions.reset();
+    }
+
+    void process_polynomial_check_assignment(polynomial::polynomial const* p, rational& bound, const u_map<lp::lpvar>& nl2lp, lp::lar_term& t) {
+        polynomial::manager& pm = m_nlsat->pm();       
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < pm.size(p); ++i) {
+            polynomial::monomial* m = pm.get_monomial(p, i);
+            auto& coeff = pm.coeff(p, i);
+                 
+            unsigned num_vars = pm.size(m);
+            // add mon * coeff to t;
+            switch (num_vars) {                            
+            case 0:
+                bound -= coeff;
+                break;
+            case 1: {
+                auto v = nl2lp[pm.get_var(m, 0)];
+                t.add_monomial(coeff, v);
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                svector<lp::lpvar> vars;
+                for (unsigned j = 0; j < num_vars; ++j)
+                    vars.push_back(nl2lp[pm.get_var(m, j)]);
+                std::sort(vars.begin(), vars.end());
+                lp::lpvar v;
+                if (m_vars2mon.contains(vars)) 
+                   v = m_vars2mon[vars];
+                else 
+                   v = m_nla_core.add_mul_def(vars.size(), vars.data());  
+                t.add_monomial(coeff, v);
+                break;
+            }
+            }                      
+        }
+    }
+
+    u_map<lp::lpvar> reverse_lp2nl() {
+        u_map<lp::lpvar> nl2lp;
+        for (auto [j, x] : m_lp2nl)
+            nl2lp.insert(x, j);
+        return nl2lp;
+    }
+    
+    lbool check_assignment() {
+        setup_assignment_solver();
+        lbool r = l_undef;
+        statistics &st = m_nla_core.lp_settings().stats().m_st;
+        nlsat::literal_vector clause;        
+        nlsat::assignment rvalues(m_nlsat->am());
+        for (auto [j, x] : m_lp2nl) {
+            scoped_anum a(am());
+            am().set(a, m_nla_core.val(j).to_mpq());
+            rvalues.set(x, a);
+        }
+        r = m_nlsat->check(rvalues, clause);
+        
+        m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
+        switch (r) {
+        case l_true:
+            m_nla_core.set_use_nra_model(true);
+            lra.init_model();
+            for (lp::constraint_index ci : lra.constraints().indices())
+                if (!check_constraint(ci))
+                    return l_undef;
+            for (auto const& m : m_nla_core.emons())
+                if (!check_monic(m))
+                    return l_undef;
+            m_nla_core.set_use_nra_model(true);
+            break;
+        case l_false:
+            r = add_lemma(clause);
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        return r;        
+    }
+
+    lbool add_lemma(nlsat::literal_vector const &clause) {
+        u_map<lp::lpvar> nl2lp = reverse_lp2nl();
+        lbool result = l_false;
+        {
+            nla::lemma_builder lemma(m_nla_core, __FUNCTION__);
+            for (nlsat::literal l : clause) {
+                if (m_literal2constraint.get((~l).index(), lp::null_ci) != lp::null_ci) {
+                    auto ci = m_literal2constraint[(~l).index()];
+                    lp::explanation ex;
+                    ex.push_back(ci);
+                    lemma &= ex;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                nlsat::atom *a = m_nlsat->bool_var2atom(l.var());
+                if (a->is_root_atom()) {
+                    result = l_undef;
+                    break;
+                }
+                SASSERT(a->is_ineq_atom());
+                auto &ia = *to_ineq_atom(a);
+                if (ia.size() != 1) {
+                    result = l_undef; // factored polynomials not handled here
+                    break;
+                }
+                polynomial::polynomial const *p = ia.p(0);
+                rational bound(0);
+                lp::lar_term t;
+                process_polynomial_check_assignment(p, bound, nl2lp, t);
+
+                nla::ineq inq(lp::lconstraint_kind::EQ, t, bound);  // initial value overwritten in cases below
+                switch (a->get_kind()) {
+                case nlsat::atom::EQ:
+                    inq = nla::ineq(l.sign() ? lp::lconstraint_kind::NE : lp::lconstraint_kind::EQ, t, bound);
+                    break;
+                case nlsat::atom::LT:
+                    inq = nla::ineq(l.sign() ? lp::lconstraint_kind::GE : lp::lconstraint_kind::LT, t, bound);
+                    break;
+                case nlsat::atom::GT:
+                    inq = nla::ineq(l.sign() ? lp::lconstraint_kind::LE : lp::lconstraint_kind::GT, t, bound);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    UNREACHABLE();
+                    result = l_undef;
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (result == l_undef)
+                    break;
+                if (m_nla_core.ineq_holds(inq)) {
+                    result = l_undef;
+                    break;
+                }
+                lemma |= inq;
+            }
+            if (result == l_false)
+                this->m_nla_core.m_check_feasible = true;
+        } // lemma_builder destructor runs here
+        if (result == l_undef)
+            m_nla_core.m_lemmas.pop_back(); // discard incomplete lemma
+        return result;
+    }
 
 
     void add_monic_eq_bound(mon_eq const& m) {
@@ -423,20 +635,8 @@ struct solver::imp {
                 add_ub(lra.get_upper_bound(v), w, lra.get_column_upper_bound_witness(v));
         }
         
-        lbool r = l_undef;
-        statistics& st = m_nla_core.lp_settings().stats().m_st;
-        try {
-            r = m_nlsat->check();
-        }
-        catch (z3_exception&) {
-            if (m_limit.is_canceled()) {
-                r = l_undef;
-            }
-            else {
-                m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
-                throw;
-            }
-        }
+        lbool r = m_nlsat->check();
+        statistics &st = m_nla_core.lp_settings().stats().m_st;
         m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
         
         switch (r) {
@@ -485,18 +685,8 @@ struct solver::imp {
                 add_ub(lra.get_upper_bound(v), w);
         }
         
-        lbool r = l_undef;
-        try {
-            r = m_nlsat->check();
-        }
-        catch (z3_exception&) {
-            if (m_limit.is_canceled()) {
-                r = l_undef;
-            }
-            else {
-                throw;
-            }
-        }
+        
+        lbool r = m_nlsat->check();
 
         if (r == l_true)
             return r;
@@ -643,10 +833,9 @@ struct solver::imp {
         unsigned w;
         scoped_anum a(am());
         for (unsigned v = m_values->size(); v < sz; ++v) {
-            if (m_nla_core.emons().is_monic_var(v)) {                 
+            if (m_nla_core.emons().is_monic_var(v)) {
                 am().set(a, 1);
                 auto &m = m_nla_core.emon(v);
-
                 for (auto x : m.vars()) 
                     am().mul(a, (*m_values)[x], a);
                 m_values->push_back(a);
@@ -654,7 +843,7 @@ struct solver::imp {
             else if (lra.column_has_term(v)) {
                 scoped_anum b(am());
                 am().set(a, 0);
-                for (auto const &[w, coeff] : lra.get_term(v)) {                    
+                for (auto const &[w, coeff] : lra.get_term(v)) {
                     am().set(b, coeff.to_mpq());
                     am().mul(b, (*m_values)[w], b);
                     am().add(a, b, a);
@@ -726,15 +915,67 @@ solver::~solver() {
 
 
 lbool solver::check() {
-    return m_imp->check();
+    try {
+        return m_imp->check();
+    } 
+    catch (z3_exception &) {
+        statistics &st = m_imp->m_nla_core.lp_settings().stats().m_st;
+        m_imp->m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
+        if (m_imp->m_limit.is_canceled()) {
+            return l_undef;
+        }
+        else {
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 lbool solver::check(vector<dd::pdd> const& eqs) {
-    return m_imp->check(eqs);
+    try {
+        return m_imp->check(eqs);
+    } 
+    catch (z3_exception &) {
+        statistics &st = m_imp->m_nla_core.lp_settings().stats().m_st;
+        m_imp->m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
+        if (m_imp->m_limit.is_canceled()) {
+            return l_undef;
+        }
+        else {
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 lbool solver::check(dd::solver::equation_vector const& eqs) {
-    return m_imp->check(eqs);
+    try {
+        return m_imp->check(eqs);
+    } 
+    catch (z3_exception &) {
+        statistics &st = m_imp->m_nla_core.lp_settings().stats().m_st;
+        m_imp->m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
+        if (m_imp->m_limit.is_canceled()) {
+            return l_undef;
+        }
+        else {
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+lbool solver::check_assignment() {
+    try {
+        return m_imp->check_assignment();
+    } 
+    catch (z3_exception &) {
+        statistics &st = m_imp->m_nla_core.lp_settings().stats().m_st;
+        m_imp->m_nlsat->collect_statistics(st);
+        if (m_imp->m_limit.is_canceled()) {
+            return l_undef;
+        }
+        else {
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 bool solver::need_check() {
diff --git a/src/math/lp/nra_solver.h b/src/math/lp/nra_solver.h
index b009b3c12a..1e4e2829fb 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/nra_solver.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/nra_solver.h
@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ namespace nra {
         */
         lbool check(dd::solver::equation_vector const& eqs);
 
+        /**
+          \brief Check feasibility modulo current value assignment.
+        */
+        lbool check_assignment();
+
         /*
           \brief determine whether nra check is needed.
         */
diff --git a/src/math/lp/static_matrix.cpp b/src/math/lp/static_matrix.cpp
index 26ce218de2..4abf0d88a0 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/static_matrix.cpp
+++ b/src/math/lp/static_matrix.cpp
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ namespace lp {
     template void static_matrix<mpq, numeric_pair<mpq> >::set(unsigned int, unsigned int, mpq const&);
 
 
-    template bool static_matrix<mpq, mpq>::pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(unsigned int, column_cell& , unsigned int);
-    template bool static_matrix<mpq, numeric_pair<mpq> >::pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(unsigned int, column_cell&, unsigned int);
+    template void static_matrix<mpq, mpq>::pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(unsigned int, column_cell& , unsigned int);
+    template void static_matrix<mpq, numeric_pair<mpq> >::pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(unsigned int, column_cell&, unsigned int);
     template void static_matrix<mpq, numeric_pair<mpq> >::pivot_row_to_row_given_cell_with_sign(unsigned int, column_cell&, unsigned int, int);
     template void static_matrix<mpq, mpq>::pivot_row_to_row_given_cell_with_sign(unsigned int, row_cell<empty_struct>&, unsigned int, int);
     template void static_matrix<mpq, numeric_pair<mpq> >::add_rows(mpq const&, unsigned int, unsigned int);
diff --git a/src/math/lp/static_matrix.h b/src/math/lp/static_matrix.h
index 415d3f1a28..c04728cc88 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/static_matrix.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/static_matrix.h
@@ -60,6 +60,14 @@ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const row_strip<T>& r) {
     return out << "\n";
 }
 
+// Below, static_matrix has a superclass when Z3DEBUG is set, and some
+// methods are overrides in that case.
+#ifdef Z3DEBUG
+#define DEBUG_OVERRIDE override
+#else
+#define DEBUG_OVERRIDE
+#endif
+
 // each assignment for this matrix should be issued only once!!!
 template <typename T, typename X>
 class static_matrix
@@ -119,9 +127,13 @@ public:
 
     void init_empty_matrix(unsigned m, unsigned n);
 
-    unsigned row_count() const { return static_cast<unsigned>(m_rows.size()); }
+    unsigned row_count() const DEBUG_OVERRIDE {
+        return static_cast<unsigned>(m_rows.size());
+    }
 
-    unsigned column_count() const { return static_cast<unsigned>(m_columns.size()); }
+    unsigned column_count() const DEBUG_OVERRIDE {
+        return static_cast<unsigned>(m_columns.size());
+    }
 
     unsigned lowest_row_in_column(unsigned col);
 
@@ -197,7 +209,7 @@ public:
 
     void cross_out_row_from_column(unsigned col, unsigned k);
 
-    T get_elem(unsigned i, unsigned j) const;
+    T get_elem(unsigned i, unsigned j) const DEBUG_OVERRIDE;
 
 
     unsigned number_of_non_zeroes_in_column(unsigned j) const { return static_cast<unsigned>(m_columns[j].size()); }
@@ -218,8 +230,8 @@ public:
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
     unsigned get_number_of_rows() const { return row_count(); }
     unsigned get_number_of_columns() const { return column_count(); }
-    virtual void set_number_of_rows(unsigned /*m*/) { }
-    virtual void set_number_of_columns(unsigned /*n*/) { }
+    void set_number_of_rows(unsigned /*m*/) override { }
+    void set_number_of_columns(unsigned /*n*/) override { }
 #endif
 
     T get_balance() const;
@@ -293,7 +305,7 @@ public:
 
 
 // pivot row i to row ii
-    bool pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(unsigned i, column_cell& c, unsigned j);
+    void pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(unsigned i, column_cell& c, unsigned j);
     void pivot_row_to_row_given_cell_with_sign(unsigned piv_row_index, column_cell& c, unsigned j, int j_sign);
     void transpose_rows(unsigned i, unsigned ii) {
         auto t = m_rows[i];
diff --git a/src/math/lp/static_matrix_def.h b/src/math/lp/static_matrix_def.h
index b28d677402..31475fc6d4 100644
--- a/src/math/lp/static_matrix_def.h
+++ b/src/math/lp/static_matrix_def.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace lp {
     }
 
 
-    template <typename T, typename X> bool static_matrix<T, X>::pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(unsigned i, 
+    template <typename T, typename X> void static_matrix<T, X>::pivot_row_to_row_given_cell(unsigned i, 
                                                                                             column_cell & c, unsigned pivot_col) {
         unsigned ii = c.var();
         SASSERT(i < row_count() && ii < column_count() && i != ii);
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace lp {
             if (is_zero(rowii[k].coeff()))
                 remove_element(rowii, rowii[k]);
         }
-        return !rowii.empty();
+        SASSERT(!rowii.empty());
     }
 
     
@@ -462,12 +462,23 @@ namespace lp {
         column_cell& cs = m_columns[row_el_iv.var()][column_offset];
         unsigned row_offset = cs.offset();
         if (column_offset != column_vals.size() - 1) {
-            auto & cc = column_vals[column_offset] = column_vals.back(); // copy from the tail
+            auto & cc = column_vals[column_offset] = column_vals.back(); // column cells are tiny, a plain copy is optimal
             m_rows[cc.var()][cc.offset()].offset() = column_offset;
         }
     
         if (row_offset != row_vals.size() - 1) {
-            auto & rc = row_vals[row_offset] = row_vals.back(); // copy from the tail
+            row_cell<T> & rc   = row_vals[row_offset];
+            row_cell<T> & tail = row_vals.back();
+            rc.var()    = tail.var();
+            rc.offset() = tail.offset();
+            // Relocating the tail coefficient: a copy allocates a fresh bignum only when the
+            // source (tail) is big, so swap to steal the tail's storage exactly in that case.
+            // When the tail is small the copy never allocates and is cheaper than a swap. See
+            // Z3Prover/bench#3143.
+            if (tail.coeff().is_big())
+                rc.coeff().swap(tail.coeff());
+            else
+                rc.coeff() = tail.coeff();
             m_columns[rc.var()][rc.offset()].offset() = row_offset;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/README b/src/math/polynomial/README
index 2d2f9f0a0e..41e1440d79 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/README
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/README
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 Polynomial manipulation package.
 It contains support for univariate (upolynomial.*) and multivariate polynomials (polynomial.*).
-Multivariate polynomial factorization does not work yet (polynomial_factorization.*), and it is disabled.
+Multivariate polynomial factorization uses evaluation and bivariate Hensel lifting: evaluate away
+extra variables, factor the univariate specialization, then lift to bivariate factors in Zp[x]
+and verify over Z. For >2 variables, trial division checks if bivariate factors divide the original.
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.cpp b/src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.cpp
index 7c72ffd63a..47c4b66983 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.cpp
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "util/mpbqi.h"
 #include "util/timeit.h"
 #include "util/common_msgs.h"
+#include "util/index_sort_with_mutations.h"
 #include "math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.h"
 #include "math/polynomial/upolynomial.h"
 #include "math/polynomial/sexpr2upolynomial.h"
@@ -593,10 +594,57 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
             }
         }
 
+        // Sort an index permutation with a bounds-safe, mutation-aware merge
+        // sort. The comparator (compare/lt) is NOT pure: it MUTATES the
+        // algebraic numbers it compares (refining their isolating intervals) and
+        // may throw on the resource limit, so std::sort would be undefined
+        // behavior here. See util/index_sort_with_mutations.h for the rationale.
+        void merge_sort_roots_perm(numeral_vector & r, unsigned_vector & perm) {
+            unsigned n = perm.size();
+            if (n < 2)
+                return;
+            unsigned_vector scratch;
+            scratch.resize(n, 0);
+            // Strict, total, stable index comparator: decided sign first, then index
+            // tiebreak (covers the equal/limit case so the order stays deterministic).
+            auto idx_lt = [&](unsigned x, unsigned y) {
+                ::sign s = compare(r[x], r[y]);
+                return s != sign_zero ? s == sign_neg : x < y;
+            };
+            stable_index_merge_sort(perm.data(), scratch.data(), n, idx_lt);
+        }
+
         void sort_roots(numeral_vector & r) {
-            if (m_limit.inc()) {
-                // DEBUG_CODE(check_transitivity(r););
-                std::sort(r.begin(), r.end(), lt_proc(m_wrapper));
+            if (!m_limit.inc())
+                return;
+            // DEBUG_CODE(check_transitivity(r););
+            unsigned n = r.size();
+            if (n < 2)
+                return;
+            unsigned_vector perm;
+            perm.resize(n, 0);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+                perm[i] = i;
+            merge_sort_roots_perm(r, perm);
+            // Apply the permutation in place via swap cycles. anum swap is a cheap
+            // pointer swap (move nulls the source), so this is O(n) cheap moves.
+            unsigned_vector pos;       // pos[v] = current position of element v
+            pos.resize(n, 0);
+            unsigned_vector at;        // at[p]  = element currently at position p
+            at.resize(n, 0);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                pos[i] = i;
+                at[i] = i;
+            }
+            for (unsigned target = 0; target < n; ++target) {
+                unsigned want = perm[target];   // element that should end up at target
+                unsigned cur = pos[want];        // where it currently is
+                if (cur == target)
+                    continue;
+                unsigned other = at[target];     // element currently at target
+                std::swap(r[target], r[cur]);
+                at[target] = want;  at[cur] = other;
+                pos[want] = target; pos[other] = cur;
             }
         }
 
@@ -2018,8 +2066,15 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
             scoped_mpbq la(bqm()), ua(bqm());
             scoped_mpbq lb(bqm()), ub(bqm());
             unsigned precision = 10;
-            if (get_interval(a, la, ua, precision) && 
-                get_interval(b, lb, ub, precision)) { 
+            // Important: both intervals must be computed. Do not short-circuit with &&:
+            // the refined bounds la, ua, lb, ub are all used below (and beyond this
+            // if statement, in the interval-separation checks that compare against
+            // the bounds of a and b), so get_interval(b, ...) has to run even when
+            // get_interval(a, ...) returns false (which happens when a is rational
+            // and its exact root is found).
+            bool a_separated = get_interval(a, la, ua, precision);
+            bool b_separated = get_interval(b, lb, ub, precision);
+            if (a_separated && b_separated) {
                 IF_VERBOSE(9, verbose_stream() << "sturm 0\n");
                 if (la > ub) 
                     return sign_pos;
@@ -2028,6 +2083,20 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
             }
             IF_VERBOSE(9, verbose_stream() << "sturm 1\n");
 
+
+            // Check whether a can be separated from b's interval and vice versa
+            // this recognizes the case where the intervals overlap,
+            // but the anums do not lie in the intersection of the intervals.
+            scoped_mpq l_a(qm()), u_a(qm()), l_b(qm()), u_b(qm());
+            to_mpq(qm(), la, l_a);
+            to_mpq(qm(), ua, u_a);
+            to_mpq(qm(), lb, l_b);
+            to_mpq(qm(), ub, u_b);
+            if (compare(cell_a, l_b) == sign_neg) return sign_neg;
+            if (compare(cell_a, u_b) == sign_pos) return sign_pos;
+            if (compare(cell_b, l_a) == sign_neg) return sign_pos;
+            if (compare(cell_b, u_a) == sign_pos) return sign_neg;
+
             // 
             // EXPENSIVE CASE
             // Let seq be the Sturm-Tarski sequence for
@@ -2620,7 +2689,8 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
                 TRACE(isolate_roots, tout << "resultant loop i: " << i << ", y: x" << y << "\np_y: " << p_y << "\n";
                       tout << "q: " << q << "\n";);
                 if (ext_pm.is_zero(q)) {
-                    SASSERT(!nested_call);
+                    if (nested_call)
+                        throw algebraic_exception("resultant vanished during nested isolate_roots call");
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -2632,7 +2702,8 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
                 // until we find one that is not zero at x2v.
                 // In the process we will copy p_prime to the local polynomial manager, since we will need to create
                 // an auxiliary variable.
-                SASSERT(!nested_call);
+                if (nested_call)
+                    throw algebraic_exception("resultant vanished during nested isolate_roots call");
                 unsigned n = ext_pm.degree(p_prime, x);
                 SASSERT(n > 0);
                 if (n == 1) {
@@ -3447,4 +3518,4 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
     void manager::collect_statistics(statistics & st) const {
         m_imp->collect_statistics(st);
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.h b/src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.h
index 46cb3c6da8..37c0559728 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.h
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
 
     
 
-    class anum {   
+    class anum {
         enum anum_kind { BASIC = 0, ROOT };
         void* m_cell;
     public:
@@ -389,6 +389,17 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
         anum(basic_cell* cell) :m_cell(TAG(void*, cell, BASIC)) { }
         anum(algebraic_cell * cell):m_cell(TAG(void*, cell, ROOT)) {  }
 
+        // Move nulls the source so std::sort's inner shifts stay alias-free
+        // if the comparator throws between moves (avoids a later double-free).
+        anum(anum const &) = default;
+        anum & operator=(anum const &) = default;
+        anum(anum && other) noexcept : m_cell(other.m_cell) { other.m_cell = nullptr; }
+        anum & operator=(anum && other) noexcept {
+            m_cell = other.m_cell;
+            other.m_cell = nullptr;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
         bool is_basic() const { return GET_TAG(m_cell) == BASIC; }
         basic_cell * to_basic() const { SASSERT(is_basic()); return UNTAG(basic_cell*, m_cell); }
         algebraic_cell * to_algebraic() const { SASSERT(!is_basic()); return UNTAG(algebraic_cell*, m_cell); }
@@ -399,7 +410,7 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
         anum& operator=(basic_cell* cell) { SASSERT(is_null());  m_cell = TAG(void*, cell, BASIC); return *this; }
         anum& operator=(algebraic_cell* cell) { SASSERT(is_null());  m_cell = TAG(void*, cell, ROOT); return *this; }
     };
-};
+}
 
 typedef algebraic_numbers::manager anum_manager;
 typedef algebraic_numbers::manager::numeral anum;
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.cpp b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.cpp
index a2209901c3..f02499ce05 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.cpp
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.cpp
@@ -471,8 +471,8 @@ namespace polynomial {
 
         void reset(monomial const * m) {
             unsigned id = m->id();
-            SASSERT(id < m_m2pos.size());
-            m_m2pos[id] = UINT_MAX;
+            if (id < m_m2pos.size())
+                m_m2pos[id] = UINT_MAX;
         }
 
         void set(monomial const * m, unsigned pos) {
@@ -3923,6 +3923,7 @@ namespace polynomial {
 
             unsigned counter = 0;
             while (true) {
+                checkpoint();
                 (void)counter;
                 SASSERT(degree(pp_u, x) >= degree(pp_v, x));
                 unsigned delta = degree(pp_u, x) - degree(pp_v, x);
@@ -6964,16 +6965,572 @@ namespace polynomial {
             }
         }
 
+        // Convert Zp-lifted coefficient arrays to centered Z representatives,
+        // build multivariate polynomials F1(x,y) and F2(x,y), and verify q == F1*F2.
+        // Returns true on success. Does NOT deallocate the coefficient vectors.
+        bool reconstruct_lifted_factors(
+            polynomial const * q,
+            var x, var y,
+            unsigned deg_y,
+            uint64_t prime,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> const & q_coeffs,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> const & F1_coeffs,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> const & F2_coeffs,
+            polynomial_ref & F1_out,
+            polynomial_ref & F2_out) {
+
+            scoped_numeral p_num(m_manager);
+            m_manager.set(p_num, static_cast<int>(prime));
+            scoped_numeral half_p(m_manager);
+            m_manager.set(half_p, static_cast<int>(prime));
+            m_manager.div(half_p, mpz(2), half_p);
+
+            polynomial_ref F1_poly(pm()), F2_poly(pm());
+            F1_poly = mk_zero();
+            F2_poly = mk_zero();
+
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j <= deg_y; j++) {
+                // Center the coefficients: if coeff > p/2, subtract p
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < F1_coeffs[j]->size(); i++)
+                    if (m_manager.gt((*F1_coeffs[j])[i], half_p))
+                        m_manager.sub((*F1_coeffs[j])[i], p_num, (*F1_coeffs[j])[i]);
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < F2_coeffs[j]->size(); i++)
+                    if (m_manager.gt((*F2_coeffs[j])[i], half_p))
+                        m_manager.sub((*F2_coeffs[j])[i], p_num, (*F2_coeffs[j])[i]);
+
+                // Build y^j * F_coeffs[j](x)
+                if (!F1_coeffs[j]->empty()) {
+                    polynomial_ref univ(pm());
+                    univ = to_polynomial(F1_coeffs[j]->size(), F1_coeffs[j]->data(), x);
+                    if (!is_zero(univ)) {
+                        monomial_ref yj(pm());
+                        yj = mk_monomial(y, j);
+                        polynomial_ref term(pm());
+                        term = mul(yj, univ);
+                        F1_poly = add(F1_poly, term);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!F2_coeffs[j]->empty()) {
+                    polynomial_ref univ(pm());
+                    univ = to_polynomial(F2_coeffs[j]->size(), F2_coeffs[j]->data(), x);
+                    if (!is_zero(univ)) {
+                        monomial_ref yj(pm());
+                        yj = mk_monomial(y, j);
+                        polynomial_ref term(pm());
+                        term = mul(yj, univ);
+                        F2_poly = add(F2_poly, term);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Verify: q == F1 * F2 over Z[x, y]
+            polynomial_ref product(pm());
+            product = mul(F1_poly, F2_poly);
+            if (!eq(product, q))
+                return false;
+
+            F1_out = F1_poly;
+            F2_out = F2_poly;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Hensel lifting loop: for j = 1..deg_y, compute F1_coeffs[j] and F2_coeffs[j]
+        // using Bezout coefficients s, t such that s*f1 + t*f2 = 1 in Zp[x].
+        // F1_coeffs[0] and F2_coeffs[0] must already be initialized.
+        void hensel_lift_coefficients(
+            upolynomial::zp_manager & zp_upm,
+            unsigned deg_y,
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector const & f1_p,
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector const & f2_p,
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector const & s_vec,
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector const & t_vec,
+            numeral const & lc_val,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> const & q_coeffs,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> & F1_coeffs,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> & F2_coeffs) {
+
+            auto & nm = upm().m();
+            auto & znm = zp_upm.m();
+
+            scoped_numeral lc_inv(m_manager);
+            znm.set(lc_inv, lc_val);
+            znm.inv(lc_inv);
+
+            for (unsigned j = 1; j <= deg_y; j++) {
+                checkpoint();
+
+                // Compute e_j = q_coeffs[j] - sum_{a+b=j, a>0, b>0} F1_coeffs[a] * F2_coeffs[b]
+                upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector e_j(nm);
+                if (j < q_coeffs.size() && !q_coeffs[j]->empty())
+                    zp_upm.set(q_coeffs[j]->size(), q_coeffs[j]->data(), e_j);
+
+                for (unsigned a = 0; a <= j; a++) {
+                    unsigned b = j - a;
+                    if (b > deg_y) continue;
+                    if (a == j && b == 0) continue;
+                    if (a == 0 && b == j) continue;
+                    if (F1_coeffs[a]->empty() || F2_coeffs[b]->empty()) continue;
+
+                    upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector prod(nm);
+                    zp_upm.mul(F1_coeffs[a]->size(), F1_coeffs[a]->data(),
+                               F2_coeffs[b]->size(), F2_coeffs[b]->data(), prod);
+                    upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector new_e(nm);
+                    zp_upm.sub(e_j.size(), e_j.data(), prod.size(), prod.data(), new_e);
+                    e_j.swap(new_e);
+                }
+
+                if (e_j.empty()) continue;
+
+                // Solve using Bezout coefficients: A = (e_j * t) mod f1
+                upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector e_t(nm), A_val(nm), Q_tmp(nm);
+                zp_upm.mul(e_j.size(), e_j.data(), t_vec.size(), t_vec.data(), e_t);
+                zp_upm.div_rem(e_t.size(), e_t.data(), f1_p.size(), f1_p.data(), Q_tmp, A_val);
+
+                // B = (e_j * s) mod f2
+                upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector e_s(nm), B_val(nm);
+                zp_upm.mul(e_j.size(), e_j.data(), s_vec.size(), s_vec.data(), e_s);
+                zp_upm.div_rem(e_s.size(), e_s.data(), f2_p.size(), f2_p.data(), Q_tmp, B_val);
+
+                // F1[j] = A * lc_inv, F2[j] = B
+                zp_upm.mul(A_val, lc_inv);
+                zp_upm.set(A_val.size(), A_val.data(), *F1_coeffs[j]);
+                zp_upm.set(B_val.size(), B_val.data(), *F2_coeffs[j]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Extract coefficients of q w.r.t. y as upolynomials in Zp[x], and initialize
+        // the lifted factor coefficient arrays with F1[0] = f1, F2[0] = lc_val * f2.
+        // Returns false if q is not truly bivariate in x and y.
+        bool extract_and_init_lift_coefficients(
+            upolynomial::zp_manager & zp_upm,
+            polynomial const * q,
+            var y,
+            unsigned deg_y,
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector const & f1_p,
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector const & f2_p,
+            numeral const & lc_val,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> & q_coeffs,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> & F1_coeffs,
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> & F2_coeffs) {
+
+            auto & nm = upm().m();
+            auto & znm = zp_upm.m();
+
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j <= deg_y; j++) {
+                polynomial_ref cj(pm());
+                cj = coeff(q, y, j);
+                auto * vec = alloc(upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector, nm);
+                if (!is_zero(cj) && is_univariate(cj))
+                    upm().to_numeral_vector(cj, *vec);
+                else if (!is_zero(cj) && is_const(cj)) {
+                    vec->push_back(numeral());
+                    nm.set(vec->back(), cj->a(0));
+                }
+                else if (!is_zero(cj)) {
+                    dealloc(vec);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < vec->size(); i++)
+                    znm.p_normalize((*vec)[i]);
+                zp_upm.trim(*vec);
+                q_coeffs.push_back(vec);
+            }
+
+            // Initialize lifted factor coefficient arrays
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j <= deg_y; j++) {
+                F1_coeffs.push_back(alloc(upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector, nm));
+                F2_coeffs.push_back(alloc(upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector, nm));
+            }
+
+            // F1[0] = f1, F2[0] = lc_val * f2
+            zp_upm.set(f1_p.size(), f1_p.data(), *F1_coeffs[0]);
+            scoped_numeral lc_p(m_manager);
+            znm.set(lc_p, lc_val);
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector lc_f2(nm);
+            zp_upm.set(f2_p.size(), f2_p.data(), lc_f2);
+            zp_upm.mul(lc_f2, lc_p);
+            zp_upm.set(lc_f2.size(), lc_f2.data(), *F2_coeffs[0]);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Bivariate Hensel lifting for multivariate factorization.
+        //
+        // Mathematical setup:
+        //   We have q(x, y) in Z[x, y] with degree deg_y in y.
+        //   Evaluating at y = 0 gives a univariate factorization
+        //     q(x, 0) = lc_val * uf1_monic(x) * uf2_monic(x)
+        //   where uf1_monic and uf2_monic are monic, coprime polynomials in Z[x],
+        //   and lc_val = lc(q, x)(y=0) is an integer.
+        //
+        // Goal: lift to q(x, y) = F1(x, y) * F2(x, y) over Z[x, y].
+        //
+        // Method (linear Hensel lifting in Zp[x]):
+        //   1. Reduce uf1_monic, uf2_monic to f1, f2 in Zp[x] and compute
+        //      Bezout coefficients s, t with s*f1 + t*f2 = 1 in Zp[x].
+        //      This requires gcd(f1, f2) = 1 in Zp[x], i.e. the prime p
+        //      must not divide the resultant of f1, f2.
+        //   2. Expand q, F1, F2 as polynomials in y with coefficients in Zp[x]:
+        //        q  = q_0(x) + q_1(x)*y + ... + q_{deg_y}(x)*y^{deg_y}
+        //        F1 = F1_0(x) + F1_1(x)*y + ...
+        //        F2 = F2_0(x) + F2_1(x)*y + ...
+        //      The y^0 coefficients are known: F1_0 = f1, F2_0 = lc_val * f2.
+        //   3. For j = 1, ..., deg_y, matching the y^j coefficient of q = F1 * F2:
+        //        q_j = sum_{a+b=j} F1_a * F2_b
+        //      The unknowns are F1_j and F2_j. Set
+        //        e_j = q_j - sum_{a+b=j, 0<a, 0<b} F1_a * F2_b
+        //      so that F1_j * F2_0 + F2_j * F1_0 = e_j,
+        //      i.e.   F1_j * (lc_val * f2) + F2_j * f1 = e_j.
+        //      From step 1 we have the Bezout identity s*f1 + t*f2 = 1 in Zp[x].
+        //      Multiplying by e_j: (e_j*s)*f1 + (e_j*t)*f2 = e_j.
+        //      Reducing to match degree constraints gives:
+        //        F2_j = (e_j * s) mod f2
+        //        F1_j = ((e_j * t) mod f1) / lc_val
+        //      all in Zp[x].
+        //   4. Map Zp coefficients to centered representatives in (-p/2, p/2]
+        //      and verify q = F1 * F2 over Z[x, y].
+        //
+        // Preconditions:
+        //   - q is a bivariate polynomial in x and y, i.e. every coeff(q, y, j)
+        //     is either zero, a constant, or univariate in x.
+        //   - uf1_monic, uf2_monic are monic univariate polynomials in Z[x],
+        //     stored as coefficient vectors, such that
+        //     q(x, 0) = lc_val * uf1_monic(x) * uf2_monic(x).
+        //   - gcd(uf1_monic, uf2_monic) = 1 over Q[x].
+        //   - prime does not divide lc_val.
+        //
+        // Returns true if the lift succeeds, i.e. q = F1 * F2 holds over Z.
+        // Returns false if coprimality fails in Zp, if q is not bivariate,
+        // or if p is too small for the centered representative trick to work.
+        bool try_bivar_hensel_lift(
+            polynomial const * q,
+            var x, var y,
+            unsigned deg_y,
+            upolynomial::numeral_vector const & uf1_monic, // monic factor of q(x,0)/lc_val in Z[x], as coefficient vector
+            upolynomial::numeral_vector const & uf2_monic, // monic factor of q(x,0)/lc_val in Z[x], coprime to uf1_monic
+            numeral const & lc_val,                        // lc(q, x) evaluated at y=0, so q(x,0) = lc_val * uf1_monic * uf2_monic
+            uint64_t prime,
+            polynomial_ref & F1_out,
+            polynomial_ref & F2_out) {
+
+            typedef upolynomial::zp_manager zp_mgr;
+            typedef upolynomial::zp_numeral_manager zp_nm;
+
+            auto & nm = upm().m();
+            zp_mgr zp_upm(m_limit, nm.m());
+            scoped_numeral p_num(m_manager);
+            m_manager.set(p_num, static_cast<int>(prime));
+            zp_upm.set_zp(p_num);
+            zp_nm & znm = zp_upm.m();
+
+            // Convert h1, h2 to Zp
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector f1_p(nm), f2_p(nm);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < uf1_monic.size(); i++) {
+                f1_p.push_back(numeral());
+                znm.set(f1_p.back(), uf1_monic[i]);
+            }
+            zp_upm.trim(f1_p);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < uf2_monic.size(); i++) {
+                f2_p.push_back(numeral());
+                znm.set(f2_p.back(), uf2_monic[i]);
+            }
+            zp_upm.trim(f2_p);
+
+            // Make monic in Zp
+            zp_upm.mk_monic(f1_p.size(), f1_p.data());
+            zp_upm.mk_monic(f2_p.size(), f2_p.data());
+
+            // Extended GCD in Zp[x]: s*f1 + t*f2 = 1
+            upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector s_vec(nm), t_vec(nm), d_vec(nm);
+            zp_upm.ext_gcd(f1_p, f2_p, s_vec, t_vec, d_vec);
+
+            // Check gcd = 1
+            if (d_vec.size() != 1 || !znm.is_one(d_vec[0]))
+                return false;
+
+            vector<upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector*> q_coeffs, F1_coeffs, F2_coeffs;
+            if (!extract_and_init_lift_coefficients(zp_upm, q, y, deg_y,
+                                                    f1_p, f2_p, lc_val,
+                                                    q_coeffs, F1_coeffs, F2_coeffs)) {
+                for (auto * v : q_coeffs) dealloc(v);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            hensel_lift_coefficients(zp_upm, deg_y, f1_p, f2_p,
+                                     s_vec, t_vec, lc_val,
+                                     q_coeffs, F1_coeffs, F2_coeffs);
+
+            bool ok = reconstruct_lifted_factors(q, x, y, deg_y, prime,
+                                                  q_coeffs, F1_coeffs, F2_coeffs,
+                                                  F1_out, F2_out);
+
+            for (auto * v : q_coeffs) dealloc(v);
+            for (auto * v : F1_coeffs) dealloc(v);
+            for (auto * v : F2_coeffs) dealloc(v);
+
+            return ok;
+        }
+
+        // Evaluation points used for multivariate factorization
+        static constexpr int s_factor_eval_values[] = { 0, 1, -1, 2, -2, 3, -3 };
+        static constexpr unsigned s_n_factor_eval_values = sizeof(s_factor_eval_values) / sizeof(s_factor_eval_values[0]);
+
+        // Primes for Hensel lifting, tried in increasing order.
+        // Lifting succeeds when the prime exceeds twice the largest coefficient in any factor.
+        // A Mignotte-style bound could automate this, but for now we try a fixed list.
+        static constexpr uint64_t s_factor_primes[] = { 39103, 104729, 1000003, 100000007 };
+
         void factor_n_sqf_pp(polynomial const * p, factors & r, var x, unsigned k) {
             SASSERT(degree(p, x) > 2);
             SASSERT(is_primitive(p, x));
             SASSERT(is_square_free(p, x));
             TRACE(factor, tout << "factor square free (degree > 2):\n"; p->display(tout, m_manager); tout << "\n";);
 
-            // TODO: invoke Dejan's procedure
+            if (is_univariate(p)) {
+                factor_sqf_pp_univ(p, r, k, factor_params());
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Try multivariate factorization. If checkpoint() throws during the
+            // attempt, the shared som_buffer/m_m2pos may be left dirty.  Catch the
+            // exception, reset the buffers, return unfactored, then rethrow so
+            // cancellation propagates normally.
+            try {
+                if (try_multivar_factor(p, r, x, k))
+                    return;
+            }
+            catch (...) {
+                m_som_buffer.reset();
+                m_som_buffer2.reset();
+                m_cheap_som_buffer.reset();
+                m_cheap_som_buffer2.reset();
+                throw;
+            }
+
+            // Could not factor, return p as-is
             r.push_back(const_cast<polynomial*>(p), k);
         }
 
+        // Returns true if factorization succeeded and factors were added to r.
+        bool try_multivar_factor(polynomial const * p, factors & r, var x, unsigned k) {
+
+            var_vector all_vars;
+            m_wrapper.vars(p, all_vars);
+
+            // Try the main variable x first (caller chose it), then others by degree
+            svector<var> main_vars;
+            main_vars.push_back(x);
+            svector<std::pair<unsigned, var>> var_by_deg;
+            for (var v : all_vars)
+                if (v != x)
+                    var_by_deg.push_back(std::make_pair(degree(p, v), v));
+            std::sort(var_by_deg.begin(), var_by_deg.end(),
+                      [](auto const& a, auto const& b) { return a.first > b.first; });
+            for (auto const& [d, v] : var_by_deg)
+                if (d > 1) main_vars.push_back(v);
+
+            for (var main_var : main_vars) {
+                unsigned deg_main = degree(p, main_var);
+                if (deg_main <= 1) continue;
+
+                for (var lift_var : all_vars) {
+                    if (lift_var == main_var) continue;
+                    checkpoint();
+
+                    // Variables to evaluate away
+                    var_vector eval_vars;
+                    for (var v : all_vars)
+                        if (v != main_var && v != lift_var)
+                            eval_vars.push_back(v);
+                    unsigned n_eval = eval_vars.size();
+
+                    // Try a small number of evaluation point combos for extra variables
+                    unsigned max_combos = (n_eval == 0) ? 1 : std::min(s_n_factor_eval_values, 5u);
+
+                    for (unsigned combo = 0; combo < max_combos; combo++) {
+                        checkpoint();
+
+                        // Reduce to bivariate
+                        polynomial_ref p_bivar(pm());
+                        if (n_eval > 0) {
+                            scoped_numeral_vector eval_vals(m_manager);
+                            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_eval; i++) {
+                                eval_vals.push_back(numeral());
+                                unsigned c = combo;
+                                for (unsigned skip = 0; skip < i; skip++)
+                                    c /= s_n_factor_eval_values;
+                                m_manager.set(eval_vals.back(), s_factor_eval_values[c % s_n_factor_eval_values]);
+                            }
+                            p_bivar = substitute(p, n_eval, eval_vars.data(), eval_vals.data());
+                        }
+                        else
+                            p_bivar = const_cast<polynomial*>(p);
+
+                        if (degree(p_bivar, main_var) != deg_main) continue;
+                        unsigned deg_lift = degree(p_bivar, lift_var);
+                        if (deg_lift == 0) continue;
+
+                        // Find a good evaluation point a for the lift variable
+                        for (int a : s_factor_eval_values) {
+                            scoped_numeral val_scoped(m_manager);
+                            m_manager.set(val_scoped, a);
+                            numeral const & val_ref = val_scoped;
+                            polynomial_ref p_univ(pm());
+                            p_univ = substitute(p_bivar, 1, &lift_var, &val_ref);
+
+                            if (!is_univariate(p_univ)) continue;
+                            if (degree(p_univ, main_var) != deg_main) continue;
+                            if (!is_square_free(p_univ, main_var)) continue;
+
+                            // Factor the univariate polynomial
+                            up_manager::scoped_numeral_vector p_univ_vec(upm().m());
+                            polynomial_ref p_univ_ref(pm());
+                            p_univ_ref = p_univ;
+                            upm().to_numeral_vector(p_univ_ref, p_univ_vec);
+                            // Make primitive before factoring
+                            upm().get_primitive(p_univ_vec, p_univ_vec);
+                            up_manager::factors univ_fs(upm());
+                            upolynomial::factor_square_free(upm(), p_univ_vec, univ_fs);
+
+                            unsigned nf = univ_fs.distinct_factors();
+                            if (nf <= 1) continue;
+
+                            // Translate so evaluation is at lift_var = 0
+                            polynomial_ref q(pm());
+                            scoped_numeral a_val(m_manager);
+                            m_manager.set(a_val, a);
+                            q = translate(p_bivar, lift_var, a_val);
+
+                            // Get leading coefficient at evaluation point
+                            polynomial_ref lc_poly(pm());
+                            lc_poly = coeff(q, main_var, deg_main);
+                            scoped_numeral lc_at_0(m_manager);
+                            if (is_const(lc_poly))
+                                m_manager.set(lc_at_0, lc_poly->a(0));
+                            else {
+                                scoped_numeral zero_val(m_manager);
+                                m_manager.set(zero_val, 0);
+                                numeral const & zero_ref = zero_val;
+                                polynomial_ref lc_eval(pm());
+                                lc_eval = substitute(lc_poly, 1, &lift_var, &zero_ref);
+                                if (is_const(lc_eval))
+                                    m_manager.set(lc_at_0, lc_eval->a(0));
+                                else
+                                    continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // Try splits with increasing primes.
+                            // Only contiguous splits {0..split-1} vs {split..nf-1} are tried,
+                            // not all subset partitions. This avoids exponential search but may
+                            // miss some factorizations. Recursive calls on the lifted factors
+                            // partially compensate by further splitting successful lifts.
+                            for (uint64_t prime : s_factor_primes) {
+                                scoped_numeral prime_num(m_manager);
+                                m_manager.set(prime_num, static_cast<int64_t>(prime));
+                                scoped_numeral gcd_val(m_manager);
+                                m_manager.gcd(prime_num, lc_at_0, gcd_val);
+                                if (!m_manager.is_one(gcd_val)) continue;
+
+                                for (unsigned split = 1; split <= nf / 2; split++) {
+                                    checkpoint();
+
+                                    upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector h1(upm().m()), h2(upm().m());
+                                    upm().set(univ_fs[0].size(), univ_fs[0].data(), h1);
+                                    for (unsigned i = 1; i < split; i++) {
+                                        upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector temp(upm().m());
+                                        upm().mul(h1.size(), h1.data(), univ_fs[i].size(), univ_fs[i].data(), temp);
+                                        h1.swap(temp);
+                                    }
+                                    upm().set(univ_fs[split].size(), univ_fs[split].data(), h2);
+                                    for (unsigned i = split + 1; i < nf; i++) {
+                                        upolynomial::scoped_numeral_vector temp(upm().m());
+                                        upm().mul(h2.size(), h2.data(), univ_fs[i].size(), univ_fs[i].data(), temp);
+                                        h2.swap(temp);
+                                    }
+
+                                    auto & nm_ref = upm().m();
+                                    if (!h1.empty() && nm_ref.is_neg(h1.back())) {
+                                        for (unsigned i = 0; i < h1.size(); i++)
+                                            nm_ref.neg(h1[i]);
+                                    }
+                                    if (!h2.empty() && nm_ref.is_neg(h2.back())) {
+                                        for (unsigned i = 0; i < h2.size(); i++)
+                                            nm_ref.neg(h2[i]);
+                                    }
+
+                                    polynomial_ref F1(pm()), F2(pm());
+                                    if (!try_bivar_hensel_lift(q, main_var, lift_var, deg_lift, h1, h2, lc_at_0, prime, F1, F2))
+                                        continue;
+
+                                    // Translate back
+                                    scoped_numeral neg_a(m_manager);
+                                    m_manager.set(neg_a, -a);
+                                    F1 = translate(F1, lift_var, neg_a);
+                                    F2 = translate(F2, lift_var, neg_a);
+
+                                    if (n_eval == 0) {
+                                        // p is bivariate, factors verified by try_bivar_hensel_lift.
+                                        // Use specialized handlers for small degrees to avoid
+                                        // re-entering factor_sqf_pp which corrupts shared buffers.
+                                        polynomial_ref bivar_fs[] = { F1, F2 };
+                                        for (polynomial_ref & bf : bivar_fs) {
+                                            if (is_const(bf) || degree(bf, x) == 0) continue;
+                                            unsigned d = degree(bf, x);
+                                            if (d == 1)
+                                                factor_1_sqf_pp(bf, r, x, k);
+                                            else if (d == 2 && is_primitive(bf, x) && is_square_free(bf, x))
+                                                factor_2_sqf_pp(bf, r, x, k);
+                                            else
+                                                r.push_back(bf, k);
+                                        }
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+
+                                    // Multivariate: check if bivariate factors divide original p.
+                                    // We use exact_pseudo_division, which computes Q, R with
+                                    // lc(cand)^d * p = Q * cand + R.  If R=0 and cand*Q == p
+                                    // then cand is a true factor.  The eq() check is needed
+                                    // because pseudo-division may introduce an lc power that
+                                    // prevents Q from being the exact quotient.
+                                    polynomial_ref cands[] = { F1, F2 };
+                                    for (polynomial_ref & cand : cands) {
+                                        if (is_const(cand)) continue;
+                                        polynomial_ref Q_div(pm()), R_div(pm());
+                                        var div_var = max_var(cand);
+                                        exact_pseudo_division(const_cast<polynomial*>(p), cand, div_var, Q_div, R_div);
+                                        if (!is_zero(R_div)) continue;
+                                        polynomial_ref check(pm());
+                                        check = mul(cand, Q_div);
+                                        if (eq(check, p)) {
+                                            // Push factors directly, using specialized handlers
+                                            // for small degrees only.
+                                            polynomial_ref parts[] = { cand, Q_div };
+                                            for (polynomial_ref & part : parts) {
+                                                if (is_const(part)) {
+                                                    acc_constant(r, part->a(0));
+                                                    continue;
+                                                }
+                                                if (degree(part, x) == 0) continue;
+                                                unsigned d = degree(part, x);
+                                                if (d == 1)
+                                                    factor_1_sqf_pp(part, r, x, k);
+                                                else if (d == 2 && is_primitive(part, x) && is_square_free(part, x))
+                                                    factor_2_sqf_pp(part, r, x, k);
+                                                else
+                                                    r.push_back(part, k);
+                                            }
+                                            return true;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
         void factor_sqf_pp(polynomial const * p, factors & r, var x, unsigned k, factor_params const & params) {
             SASSERT(degree(p, x) > 0);
             SASSERT(is_primitive(p, x));
@@ -7697,7 +8254,7 @@ namespace polynomial {
         p->display_smt2(out, m_imp->m_manager, proc);
         return out;
     }
-};
+}
 
 polynomial::polynomial * convert(polynomial::manager & sm, polynomial::polynomial * p, polynomial::manager & tm,
                                  polynomial::var x, unsigned max_d) {
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.h b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.h
index 5774e6e132..9d0bcabcf3 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class small_object_allocator;
 namespace algebraic_numbers {
     class anum;
     class manager;
-};
+}
 
 namespace polynomial {
     typedef unsigned var;
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ namespace polynomial {
         scoped_set_zp(manager & _m, uint64_t p):m(_m), m_modular(m.modular()), m_p(m.m()) {  m_p = m.p(); m.set_zp(p); }
         ~scoped_set_zp() {  if (m_modular) m.set_zp(m_p); else m.set_z(); }
     };
-};
+}
 
 typedef polynomial::polynomial_ref           polynomial_ref;
 typedef polynomial::polynomial_ref_vector    polynomial_ref_vector;
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_cache.cpp b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_cache.cpp
index 7d3a15ded6..095027bae4 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_cache.cpp
@@ -256,4 +256,4 @@ namespace polynomial {
         dealloc(m_imp);
         m_imp = alloc(imp, _m);
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_cache.h b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_cache.h
index a27abf42d1..ae8fa0ed82 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_cache.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_cache.h
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ namespace polynomial {
         void factor(polynomial const * p, polynomial_ref_vector & distinct_factors);
         void reset();
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_primes.h b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_primes.h
index ea2baf0dcc..4c9e05e778 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_primes.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_primes.h
@@ -66,5 +66,5 @@ namespace polynomial {
     };
 #endif
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_var2value.h b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_var2value.h
index 11e8c3bb8e..2897e74149 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_var2value.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial_var2value.h
@@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ namespace polynomial {
         }
     };
     
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/rpolynomial.cpp b/src/math/polynomial/rpolynomial.cpp
index 67b8825253..17a3be50d4 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/rpolynomial.cpp
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/rpolynomial.cpp
@@ -789,4 +789,4 @@ namespace rpolynomial {
     }
 #endif
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/rpolynomial.h b/src/math/polynomial/rpolynomial.h
index 2a5123a031..ab04c99d63 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/rpolynomial.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/rpolynomial.h
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace rpolynomial {
             return out;
         }
     };
-};
+}
 
 typedef rpolynomial::polynomial_ref          rpolynomial_ref;
 typedef rpolynomial::polynomial_ref_vector   rpolynomial_ref_vector;
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial.cpp b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial.cpp
index 2cf2a7b4eb..7ce6aab5a6 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial.cpp
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial.cpp
@@ -2616,6 +2616,7 @@ namespace upolynomial {
        \warning This method may loop if p is not square free or if (a,b) is not an isolating interval.
     */
     bool manager::isolating2refinable(unsigned sz, numeral const * p, mpbq_manager & bqm, mpbq & a, mpbq & b) {
+        checkpoint();
         int sign_a = eval_sign_at(sz, p, a);
         int sign_b = eval_sign_at(sz, p, b);
         TRACE(upolynomial, tout << "sign_a: " << sign_a << ", sign_b: " << sign_b << "\n";);
@@ -2631,6 +2632,7 @@ namespace upolynomial {
             bqm.add(a, b, new_a);
             bqm.div2(new_a);
             while (true) {
+                checkpoint();
                 TRACE(upolynomial, tout << "CASE 2, a: " << bqm.to_string(a) << ", b: " << bqm.to_string(b) << ", new_a: " << bqm.to_string(new_a) << "\n";);
                 int sign_new_a = eval_sign_at(sz, p, new_a);
                 if (sign_new_a != sign_b) {
@@ -2656,6 +2658,7 @@ namespace upolynomial {
             bqm.add(a, b, new_b);
             bqm.div2(new_b);
             while (true) {
+                checkpoint();
                 TRACE(upolynomial, tout << "CASE 3, a: " << bqm.to_string(a) << ", b: " << bqm.to_string(b) << ", new_b: " << bqm.to_string(new_b) << "\n";);
                 int sign_new_b = eval_sign_at(sz, p, new_b);
                 if (sign_new_b != sign_a) {
@@ -2709,6 +2712,7 @@ namespace upolynomial {
         bqm.div2(new_b2);
 
         while (true) {
+            checkpoint();
             TRACE(upolynomial,
                   tout << "CASE 4\na1: " << bqm.to_string(a1) << ", b1: " << bqm.to_string(b1) << ", new_a1: " << bqm.to_string(new_a1) << "\n";
                   tout << "a2: " << bqm.to_string(a2) << ", b2: " << bqm.to_string(b2) << ", new_b2: " << bqm.to_string(new_b2) << "\n";);
@@ -3138,4 +3142,4 @@ namespace upolynomial {
         }
         return out;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial.h b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial.h
index de29a1cdf4..135422b94f 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial.h
@@ -917,4 +917,4 @@ namespace upolynomial {
         std::ostream& display(std::ostream & out, upolynomial_sequence const & seq, char const * var_name = "x") const;
     };
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization.cpp b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization.cpp
index 1ab95def35..34bd83b7ad 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization.cpp
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization.cpp
@@ -1299,4 +1299,4 @@ bool factor_square_free(z_manager & upm, numeral_vector const & f, factors & fs,
     return factor_square_free(upm, f, fs, 1, params);
 }
 
-}; // end upolynomial namespace
+} // end upolynomial namespace
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization.h b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization.h
index 3842665bd1..14ec508c3b 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization.h
@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@ namespace upolynomial {
        That is, the factors of f are inserted as factors of degree k into fs.
     */
     bool factor_square_free(z_manager & upm, numeral_vector const & f, factors & fs, unsigned k, factor_params const & ps = factor_params());
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization_int.h b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization_int.h
index f47610b65d..45f0204441 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization_int.h
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/upolynomial_factorization_int.h
@@ -416,5 +416,5 @@ namespace upolynomial {
             }
         }
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/realclosure/realclosure.cpp b/src/math/realclosure/realclosure.cpp
index 80e6420bdb..427070a85d 100644
--- a/src/math/realclosure/realclosure.cpp
+++ b/src/math/realclosure/realclosure.cpp
@@ -3448,16 +3448,23 @@ namespace realclosure {
             return true;
         }
 
-        unsigned get_sign_condition_size(numeral const &a, unsigned i) {
-            algebraic * ext = to_algebraic(to_rational_function(a)->ext());
+        sign_condition* get_ith_sign_condition(algebraic* ext, unsigned i) {
             const sign_det * sdt = ext->sdt();
             if (!sdt)
-                return 0;
+                return nullptr;
             sign_condition * sc = sdt->sc(ext->sc_idx());
-            while (i) {
-                if (sc) sc = sc->prev();
+            while (i && sc) {
+                sc = sc->prev();
                 i--;
             }
+            return sc;
+        }
+
+        unsigned get_sign_condition_size(numeral const &a, unsigned i) {
+            algebraic * ext = to_algebraic(to_rational_function(a)->ext());
+            sign_condition * sc = get_ith_sign_condition(ext, i);
+            if (!sc)
+                return 0;
             return ext->sdt()->qs()[sc->qidx()].size();
         }
 
@@ -3466,14 +3473,9 @@ namespace realclosure {
             if (!is_algebraic(a))
                 return 0;
             algebraic * ext = to_algebraic(to_rational_function(a)->ext());
-            const sign_det * sdt = ext->sdt();
-            if (!sdt)
+            sign_condition * sc = get_ith_sign_condition(ext, i);
+            if (!sc)
                 return 0;
-            sign_condition * sc = sdt->sc(ext->sc_idx());
-            while (i) {
-                if (sc) sc = sc->prev();
-                i--;
-            }
             const polynomial & q = ext->sdt()->qs()[sc->qidx()];
             return q.size();
         }
@@ -3483,14 +3485,9 @@ namespace realclosure {
             if (!is_algebraic(a))
                 return numeral();
             algebraic * ext = to_algebraic(to_rational_function(a)->ext());
-            const sign_det * sdt = ext->sdt();
-            if (!sdt)
+            sign_condition * sc = get_ith_sign_condition(ext, i);
+            if (!sc)
                 return numeral();
-            sign_condition * sc = sdt->sc(ext->sc_idx());
-            while (i) {
-                if (sc) sc = sc->prev();
-                i--;
-            }
             const polynomial & q = ext->sdt()->qs()[sc->qidx()];
             if (j >= q.size())
                 return numeral();
@@ -6489,7 +6486,7 @@ namespace realclosure {
     {
         return m_imp->get_sign_condition_coefficient(a, i, j);
     }
-};
+}
 
 void pp(realclosure::manager::imp * imp, realclosure::polynomial const & p, realclosure::extension * ext) {
     imp->display_polynomial_expr(std::cout, p, ext, false, false);
diff --git a/src/math/realclosure/realclosure.h b/src/math/realclosure/realclosure.h
index a1fae3e2bf..b256ffd15b 100644
--- a/src/math/realclosure/realclosure.h
+++ b/src/math/realclosure/realclosure.h
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ namespace realclosure {
         void * data() { return m_value; }
         static num mk(void * ptr) { num r; r.m_value = reinterpret_cast<value*>(ptr); return r; }
     };
-};
+}
 
 typedef realclosure::manager             rcmanager;
 typedef rcmanager::numeral               rcnumeral;
diff --git a/src/math/simplex/bit_matrix.cpp b/src/math/simplex/bit_matrix.cpp
index 097dd4396a..401b941fb6 100644
--- a/src/math/simplex/bit_matrix.cpp
+++ b/src/math/simplex/bit_matrix.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ unsigned_vector bit_matrix::gray(unsigned n) {
         auto v = gray(n-1);
         auto w = v;
         w.reverse();
-        for (auto & u : v) u |= (1 << (n-1));
+        for (auto & u : v) u |= (1u << (n-1));
         v.append(w);
         return v;
     }
diff --git a/src/math/simplex/model_based_opt.cpp b/src/math/simplex/model_based_opt.cpp
index a8ac93fdee..ded6aa6450 100644
--- a/src/math/simplex/model_based_opt.cpp
+++ b/src/math/simplex/model_based_opt.cpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace opt {
     }
     void model_based_opt::def::dec_ref() {
         SASSERT(m_ref_count > 0);
-        ++m_ref_count;
+        --m_ref_count;
         if (m_ref_count == 0) 
             dealloc(this);            
     }
diff --git a/src/math/simplex/model_based_opt.h b/src/math/simplex/model_based_opt.h
index d44a249868..bc89ea4b77 100644
--- a/src/math/simplex/model_based_opt.h
+++ b/src/math/simplex/model_based_opt.h
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ namespace opt {
         enum def_t { add_t, mul_t, div_t, const_t, var_t};
         struct def {
             def() = default;
+            virtual ~def() = default;
             static def* from_row(row const& r, unsigned x);           
             def_t m_type;
             unsigned m_ref_count = 0;
@@ -116,9 +117,15 @@ namespace opt {
         class def_ref {
             def* m_def = nullptr;
         public:
-            def_ref(def* d) {
-                if (d) d->inc_ref();
-                m_def = d;
+            def_ref() = default;
+            def_ref(def* d) : m_def(d) {
+                if (m_def) m_def->inc_ref();
+            }
+            def_ref(def_ref const& other) : m_def(other.m_def) {
+                if (m_def) m_def->inc_ref();
+            }
+            def_ref(def_ref&& other) noexcept : m_def(other.m_def) {
+                other.m_def = nullptr;
             }
             def_ref& operator=(def* d) {
                 if (d) d->inc_ref();
@@ -136,25 +143,37 @@ namespace opt {
                 return *this;
             }
 
+            def_ref& operator=(def_ref&& d) noexcept {
+                if (&d == this)
+                    return *this;
+                if (m_def) m_def->dec_ref();
+                m_def = d.m_def;
+                d.m_def = nullptr;
+                return *this;
+            }
+
             def& operator*() { return *m_def; }
             def* operator->() { return m_def; }
             def const& operator*() const { return *m_def; }
-            operator bool() const { return !!m_def; }
+            operator bool() const { return m_def != nullptr; }
 
-            ~def_ref() { if (m_def) m_def->dec_ref(); };
+            ~def_ref() { if (m_def) m_def->dec_ref(); }
         };
         struct add_def : public def {
             def* x, *y;
             add_def(def* x, def* y) : x(x), y(y) { m_type = add_t;  x->inc_ref(); y->inc_ref(); }
+            ~add_def() override { x->dec_ref(); y->dec_ref(); }
         };
         struct mul_def : public def {
             def* x, *y;
             mul_def(def* x, def* y) : x(x), y(y) { m_type = mul_t;  x->inc_ref(); y->inc_ref(); }
+            ~mul_def() override { x->dec_ref(); y->dec_ref(); }
         };
         struct div_def : public def {
             def* x;
             rational m_div{ 1 };
             div_def(def* x, rational const& d) : x(x), m_div(d) { m_type = div_t; x->inc_ref(); }
+            ~div_def() override { x->dec_ref(); }
         };
         struct var_def : public def {
             var v;
diff --git a/src/math/simplex/simplex.cpp b/src/math/simplex/simplex.cpp
index 6174b81b35..30de88c543 100644
--- a/src/math/simplex/simplex.cpp
+++ b/src/math/simplex/simplex.cpp
@@ -74,4 +74,4 @@ namespace simplex {
             }
         }
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/simplex/simplex.h b/src/math/simplex/simplex.h
index 0405a59d0b..ad194ebe71 100644
--- a/src/math/simplex/simplex.h
+++ b/src/math/simplex/simplex.h
@@ -204,5 +204,5 @@ namespace simplex {
 
     void kernel(sparse_matrix<mpq_ext>& s, vector<vector<rational>>& K);
     void kernel_ffe(sparse_matrix<mpq_ext> &s, vector<vector<rational>> &K);
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/simplex/simplex_def.h b/src/math/simplex/simplex_def.h
index 69ed434ce6..f7adf424d6 100644
--- a/src/math/simplex/simplex_def.h
+++ b/src/math/simplex/simplex_def.h
@@ -1035,6 +1035,6 @@ namespace simplex {
     }
         
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/math/simplex/sparse_matrix.h b/src/math/simplex/sparse_matrix.h
index 942873b5fa..90cd88d142 100644
--- a/src/math/simplex/sparse_matrix.h
+++ b/src/math/simplex/sparse_matrix.h
@@ -355,4 +355,4 @@ namespace simplex {
         typedef unsynch_mpq_inf_manager eps_manager;
     };
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/simplex/sparse_matrix_def.h b/src/math/simplex/sparse_matrix_def.h
index fd4e7b0c32..430310bc89 100644
--- a/src/math/simplex/sparse_matrix_def.h
+++ b/src/math/simplex/sparse_matrix_def.h
@@ -603,5 +603,5 @@ namespace simplex {
 
     
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving.cpp b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving.cpp
index d531f1bafd..51d7b753e0 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving.cpp
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving.cpp
@@ -271,4 +271,4 @@ namespace subpaving {
         return alloc(context_mpfx_wrapper, lim, m, qm, p, a);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving.h b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving.h
index b76f5e8313..0c5a76770d 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving.h
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving.h
@@ -116,6 +116,6 @@ context * mk_hwf_context(reslimit& lim, f2n<hwf_manager> & m, unsynch_mpq_manage
 context * mk_mpff_context(reslimit& lim, mpff_manager & m, unsynch_mpq_manager & qm, params_ref const & p = params_ref(), small_object_allocator * a = nullptr);
 context * mk_mpfx_context(reslimit& lim, mpfx_manager & m, unsynch_mpq_manager & qm, params_ref const & p = params_ref(), small_object_allocator * a = nullptr);
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_hwf.h b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_hwf.h
index f2378a73a4..49f2dbc5fa 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_hwf.h
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_hwf.h
@@ -42,5 +42,5 @@ public:
  context_hwf(reslimit& lim, f2n<hwf_manager> & m, params_ref const & p, small_object_allocator * a):context_t<config_hwf>(lim, config_hwf(m), p, a) {}
 };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpf.h b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpf.h
index 213c3c94b6..bc50de6fdf 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpf.h
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpf.h
@@ -43,5 +43,5 @@ public:
  context_mpf(reslimit& lim, f2n<mpf_manager> & m, params_ref const & p, small_object_allocator * a):context_t<config_mpf>(lim, config_mpf(m), p, a) {}
 };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpff.h b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpff.h
index 763195cb91..631293be0c 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpff.h
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpff.h
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@ struct config_mpff {
 
 typedef context_t<config_mpff> context_mpff;
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpfx.h b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpfx.h
index 9613aa124d..14611c13a5 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpfx.h
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpfx.h
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@ struct config_mpfx {
 
 typedef context_t<config_mpfx> context_mpfx;
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpq.h b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpq.h
index 441fbe0663..7468672a82 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpq.h
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_mpq.h
@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ struct config_mpq {
 
 typedef context_t<config_mpq> context_mpq;
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_t.h b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_t.h
index 7300e3da3c..3a6081f409 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_t.h
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_t.h
@@ -845,5 +845,5 @@ public:
     void operator()();
 };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_t_def.h b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_t_def.h
index b71b10faec..39f4a84f5b 100644
--- a/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_t_def.h
+++ b/src/math/subpaving/subpaving_t_def.h
@@ -1952,4 +1952,4 @@ bool context_t<C>::check_invariant() const {
 }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/model/CMakeLists.txt b/src/model/CMakeLists.txt
index 9ba93b8e17..12fce27e8b 100644
--- a/src/model/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/model/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ z3_add_component(model
   SOURCES
     array_factory.cpp
     datatype_factory.cpp
+    finite_set_factory.cpp
     func_interp.cpp
     model2expr.cpp
     model_core.cpp
diff --git a/src/model/array_factory.cpp b/src/model/array_factory.cpp
index 9e34846a24..518ea41080 100644
--- a/src/model/array_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/model/array_factory.cpp
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ void array_factory::get_some_args_for(sort * s, ptr_buffer<expr> & args) {
 expr * array_factory::get_some_value(sort * s) {
     TRACE(array_factory, tout << mk_pp(s, m_manager) << "\n";);
     value_set * set = nullptr;
-    if (m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) && !set->empty())
-        return *(set->begin());
+    if (m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) && !set->set.empty())
+        return *(set->set.begin());
     func_interp * fi;
     expr * val = mk_array_interp(s, fi);
     fi->set_else(m_model.get_some_value(get_array_range(s)));
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ bool array_factory::mk_two_diff_values_for(sort * s) {
     TRACE(array_factory, tout << mk_pp(s, m_manager) << "\n";);
     DEBUG_CODE({
         value_set * set = 0;
-        SASSERT(!m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) || set->size() <= 1);
+        SASSERT(!m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) || set->set.size() <= 1);
     });
     expr_ref r1(m_manager);
     expr_ref r2(m_manager);
@@ -92,24 +92,24 @@ bool array_factory::mk_two_diff_values_for(sort * s) {
     fi2->insert_entry(args.data(), r2);
     DEBUG_CODE({
         value_set * set = 0;
-        SASSERT(m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) && set->size() >= 2);
+        SASSERT(m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) && set->set.size() >= 2);
     });
     return true;
 }
 
 bool array_factory::get_some_values(sort * s, expr_ref & v1, expr_ref & v2) {
     value_set * set = nullptr;
-    if (!m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) || set->size() < 2) {
+    if (!m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) || set->set.size() < 2) {
         if (!mk_two_diff_values_for(s)) {
             TRACE(array_factory_bug, tout << "could not create diff values: " << mk_pp(s, m_manager) << "\n";);
             return false;
         }
     }
     m_sort2value_set.find(s, set);
-    SASSERT(set != 0);
-    SASSERT(set->size() >= 2);
-    
-    value_set::iterator it = set->begin();
+    SASSERT(set);
+    SASSERT(set->set.size() >= 2);
+
+    auto it = set->set.begin();
     v1 = *it;
     ++it;
     v2 = *it;
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ bool array_factory::get_some_values(sort * s, expr_ref & v1, expr_ref & v2) {
 // is set with the result of some entry.
 //
 expr * array_factory::get_fresh_value(sort * s) {
-    value_set * set = get_value_set(s);
-    if (set->empty()) {
+    auto& [set, values] = get_value_set(s);
+    if (set.empty()) {
         // easy case 
         return get_some_value(s);
     }
diff --git a/src/model/datatype_factory.cpp b/src/model/datatype_factory.cpp
index e0c2f27fe0..4837bdb900 100644
--- a/src/model/datatype_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/model/datatype_factory.cpp
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ expr * datatype_factory::get_some_value(sort * s) {
     if (!m_util.is_datatype(s))
         return m_model.get_some_value(s);
     value_set * set = nullptr;
-    if (m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) && !set->empty())
-        return *(set->begin());
+    if (m_sort2value_set.find(s, set) && !set->set.empty())
+        return *(set->set.begin());
     func_decl * c = m_util.get_non_rec_constructor(s);
     ptr_vector<expr> args;
     unsigned num  = c->get_arity();
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ expr * datatype_factory::get_last_fresh_value(sort * s) {
     expr * val = nullptr;
     if (m_last_fresh_value.find(s, val)) 
         return val;
-    value_set * set = get_value_set(s);
-    if (set->empty())
+    auto& [set, values] = get_value_set(s);
+    if (set.empty())
         val = get_some_value(s);
     else 
-        val = *(set->begin());
+        val = *(set.begin());
     if (m_util.is_recursive(s))
         m_last_fresh_value.insert(s, val);
     return val;
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ bool datatype_factory::is_subterm_of_last_value(app* e) {
 expr * datatype_factory::get_almost_fresh_value(sort * s) {
     if (!m_util.is_datatype(s))
         return m_model.get_some_value(s);
-    value_set * set = get_value_set(s);
-    if (set->empty()) {
+    auto& [set, values] = get_value_set(s);
+    if (set.empty()) {
         expr * val = get_some_value(s);
         SASSERT(val);
         if (m_util.is_recursive(s))
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ expr * datatype_factory::get_almost_fresh_value(sort * s) {
         unsigned num            = constructor->get_arity();
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
             sort * s_arg        = constructor->get_domain(i);
-            if (!found_fresh_arg && (!m_util.is_datatype(s_arg) || !m_util.are_siblings(s, s_arg))) {
+            if (!found_fresh_arg && (!m_util.is_datatype(s_arg) || !m_util.are_siblings(s, s_arg) || !m_util.is_recursive(s_arg))) {
                 expr * new_arg = m_model.get_fresh_value(s_arg);
                 if (new_arg != nullptr) {
                     found_fresh_arg = true;
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ expr * datatype_factory::get_almost_fresh_value(sort * s) {
                     continue;
                 }
             }
-            if (!found_fresh_arg && m_util.is_datatype(s_arg) && m_util.are_siblings(s, s_arg)) {
+            if (!found_fresh_arg && m_util.is_datatype(s_arg) && m_util.are_siblings(s, s_arg) && m_util.is_recursive(s_arg)) {
                 recursive = true;
                 expr * last_fresh = get_last_fresh_value(s_arg);
                 args.push_back(last_fresh);
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ expr * datatype_factory::get_almost_fresh_value(sort * s) {
         }
         if (recursive || found_fresh_arg) {
             app * new_value = m_manager.mk_app(constructor, args);
-            SASSERT(!found_fresh_arg || !set->contains(new_value));
+            SASSERT(!found_fresh_arg || !set.contains(new_value));
             register_value(new_value);
             if (m_util.is_recursive(s)) {
                 if (is_subterm_of_last_value(new_value)) {
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ expr * datatype_factory::get_fresh_value(sort * s) {
     if (!m_util.is_datatype(s))
         return m_model.get_fresh_value(s);
     TRACE(datatype, tout << "generating fresh value for: " << s->get_name() << "\n";);
-    value_set * set = get_value_set(s);
+    auto& [set, values] = get_value_set(s);
     // Approach 0) 
     // if no value for s was generated so far, then used get_some_value
-    if (set->empty()) {
+    if (set.empty()) {
         expr * val = get_some_value(s);
         if (m_util.is_recursive(s))
             m_last_fresh_value.insert(s, val);
@@ -178,12 +178,11 @@ expr * datatype_factory::get_fresh_value(sort * s) {
             expr * some_arg = m_model.get_some_value(s_arg);
             args.push_back(some_arg);
         }
-
         new_value = m_manager.mk_app(constructor, args);
-        CTRACE(datatype, found_fresh_arg && set->contains(new_value), tout << "seen: " << new_value << "\n";);
-        if (found_fresh_arg && set->contains(new_value))
+        CTRACE(datatype, found_fresh_arg && set.contains(new_value), tout << "seen: " << new_value << "\n";);
+        if (found_fresh_arg && set.contains(new_value))
             goto retry_value;
-        if (!set->contains(new_value)) {
+        if (!set.contains(new_value)) {
             register_value(new_value);
             if (m_util.is_recursive(s))
                 m_last_fresh_value.insert(s, new_value);
@@ -241,7 +240,7 @@ expr * datatype_factory::get_fresh_value(sort * s) {
                     new_value = m_manager.mk_app(constructor, args);
                     TRACE(datatype, tout << "potential new value: " << mk_pp(new_value, m_manager) << "\n";);
                     m_last_fresh_value.insert(s, new_value);
-                    if (!set->contains(new_value)) {
+                    if (!set.contains(new_value)) {
                         register_value(new_value);
                         TRACE(datatype, tout << "2. result: " << mk_pp(new_value, m_manager) << "\n";);
                         return new_value;
diff --git a/src/model/finite_set_factory.cpp b/src/model/finite_set_factory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e263663a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/model/finite_set_factory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_factory.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Factory for creating finite set values
+
+--*/
+#include "model/finite_set_factory.h"
+#include "model/model_core.h"
+
+finite_set_factory::finite_set_factory(ast_manager & m, family_id fid, model_core & md):
+    struct_factory(m, fid, md),
+    u(m) {
+}
+
+expr * finite_set_factory::get_some_value(sort * s) {
+    // Check if we already have a value for this sort
+    value_set * vset = nullptr;
+    SASSERT(u.is_finite_set(s));
+    if (m_sort2value_set.find(s, vset) && !vset->set.empty()) 
+        return *(vset->set.begin());
+    return u.mk_empty(s);
+}
+
+/**
+ * create sets {}, {a}, {b}, {a,b}, {c}, {a,c}, {b,c}, {a,b,c}, {d}, ...
+ */
+expr * finite_set_factory::get_fresh_value(sort * s) {
+    sort* elem_sort = nullptr;
+    VERIFY(u.is_finite_set(s, elem_sort));
+    
+    auto& [set, values] = get_value_set(s);
+    
+    // Case 1: If no values have been generated yet, return empty set
+    if (values.size() == 0) {
+        auto r = u.mk_empty(s);
+        register_value(r);
+        return r;
+    }
+    
+    // Helper lambda to check if a number is a power of 2
+    auto is_power_of_2 = [](unsigned n) {
+        return n > 0 && (n & (n - 1)) == 0;
+    };
+    
+    // Case 2: If values.size() is a power of 2, create a fresh singleton
+    if (is_power_of_2(values.size())) {
+        auto e = m_model.get_fresh_value(elem_sort);
+        if (!e)
+            return nullptr;
+        auto r = u.mk_singleton(e);
+        register_value(r);
+        return r;
+    }
+    
+    // Case 3: Find greatest power of 2 N < values.size() and create union
+    // Find the greatest N that is a power of 2 and N < values.size()
+    unsigned N = 1;
+    while (N * 2 < values.size()) 
+        N *= 2;    
+    
+    auto r = u.mk_union(values.get(values.size() - N), values.get(N));
+    register_value(r);
+    return r;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/model/finite_set_factory.h b/src/model/finite_set_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2d73a4b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/model/finite_set_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_value_factory.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Factory for creating finite set values
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "model/struct_factory.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
+
+/**
+   \brief Factory for finite set values.
+*/
+class finite_set_factory : public struct_factory {
+    finite_set_util u;
+public:
+    finite_set_factory(ast_manager & m, family_id fid, model_core & md);
+    
+    expr * get_some_value(sort * s) override;
+    
+    expr * get_fresh_value(sort * s) override;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/model/func_interp.cpp b/src/model/func_interp.cpp
index 513c39b108..93d70af59c 100644
--- a/src/model/func_interp.cpp
+++ b/src/model/func_interp.cpp
@@ -231,10 +231,8 @@ void func_interp::insert_new_entry(expr * const * args, expr * r) {
         m_args_are_values = false;
     m_entries.push_back(new_entry);
     if (!m_entry_table && m_entries.size() > 500) {
-        m_entry_table = alloc(entry_table, 1024, 
-            func_entry_hash(m_arity), func_entry_eq(m_arity));
-        for (func_entry* curr : m_entries) 
-            m_entry_table->insert(curr);   
+        init_table();
+ 
         ptr_vector<expr> null_args;
         null_args.resize(m_arity, nullptr);
         m_key = func_entry::mk(m(), m_arity, null_args.data(), nullptr);
@@ -243,6 +241,12 @@ void func_interp::insert_new_entry(expr * const * args, expr * r) {
         m_entry_table->insert(new_entry);    
 }
 
+void func_interp::init_table() {
+    m_entry_table = alloc(entry_table, 1024, func_entry_hash(m_arity), func_entry_eq(m_arity));
+    for (func_entry *curr : m_entries)
+        m_entry_table->insert(curr);
+}
+
 void func_interp::del_entry(unsigned idx) {
     auto* e = m_entries[idx];
     if (m_entry_table) 
@@ -307,6 +311,12 @@ void func_interp::compress() {
     if (j < m_entries.size()) {
         reset_interp_cache();
         m_entries.shrink(j);
+        if (m_entry_table) {
+            dealloc(m_entry_table);
+            m_entry_table = nullptr;
+            if (m_entries.size() > 500) 
+                init_table();            
+        }
     }
     // other compression, if else is a default branch.
     // or function encode identity.
diff --git a/src/model/func_interp.h b/src/model/func_interp.h
index e531e01cff..6d64f5168d 100644
--- a/src/model/func_interp.h
+++ b/src/model/func_interp.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class func_entry {
     // m_result and m_args[i] must be ground terms.
 
     expr * m_result;
-    expr * m_args[];
+    expr * m_args[0];
 
     static unsigned get_obj_size(unsigned arity) { return sizeof(func_entry) + arity * sizeof(expr*); }
     func_entry(ast_manager & m, unsigned arity, expr * const * args, expr * result);
@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ class func_interp {
 
     void reset_interp_cache();
 
+    void init_table();
+
     expr * get_interp_core() const;
 
     expr_ref get_array_interp_core(func_decl * f) const;
diff --git a/src/model/model.cpp b/src/model/model.cpp
index fa4e50e549..3b1769ef1e 100644
--- a/src/model/model.cpp
+++ b/src/model/model.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "model/numeral_factory.h"
 #include "model/fpa_factory.h"
 #include "model/char_factory.h"
+#include "model/finite_set_factory.h"
 
 
 model::model(ast_manager & m):
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ value_factory* model::get_factory(sort* s) {
         m_factories.register_plugin(alloc(arith_factory, m));
         m_factories.register_plugin(alloc(seq_factory, m, su.get_family_id(), *this));
         m_factories.register_plugin(alloc(fpa_value_factory, m, fu.get_family_id()));
+        m_factories.register_plugin(alloc(finite_set_factory, m, m.get_family_id("finite_set"), *this));
         //m_factories.register_plugin(alloc(char_factory, m, char_decl_plugin(m).get_family_id());
     }
     family_id fid = s->get_family_id();
diff --git a/src/model/model_core.cpp b/src/model/model_core.cpp
index 887f6c634f..65f7d2e50b 100644
--- a/src/model/model_core.cpp
+++ b/src/model/model_core.cpp
@@ -130,19 +130,3 @@ void model_core::unregister_decl(func_decl * d) {
     }
 }
 
-void model_core::add_lambda_defs() {
-    unsigned sz = get_num_decls();
-    for (unsigned i = sz; i-- > 0; ) {
-        func_decl* f = get_decl(i);
-        quantifier* q = m.is_lambda_def(f);
-        if (!q)
-            continue;
-        if (f->get_arity() > 0) {
-            func_interp* fi = alloc(func_interp, m, f->get_arity());
-            fi->set_else(q);
-            register_decl(f, fi);
-        }
-        else
-            register_decl(f, q);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/model/model_core.h b/src/model/model_core.h
index 6a52fa10b1..6cc52bbcb9 100644
--- a/src/model/model_core.h
+++ b/src/model/model_core.h
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ public:
         return eval(f, r) && m.is_false(r);
     }
 
+    void add_lambda_defs();
+
     unsigned get_num_constants() const { return m_const_decls.size(); }
     unsigned get_num_functions() const { return m_func_decls.size(); }
     func_decl * get_constant(unsigned i) const { return m_const_decls[i]; }
@@ -72,8 +74,6 @@ public:
     void unregister_decl(func_decl * d);
     func_interp* update_func_interp(func_decl* f, func_interp* fi);
 
-    void add_lambda_defs();
-
     virtual expr * get_some_value(sort * s) = 0;
     virtual expr * get_fresh_value(sort * s) = 0;
     virtual bool get_some_values(sort * s, expr_ref & v1, expr_ref & v2) = 0;
diff --git a/src/model/model_evaluator.cpp b/src/model/model_evaluator.cpp
index 8422006677..76de5d6e9b 100644
--- a/src/model/model_evaluator.cpp
+++ b/src/model/model_evaluator.cpp
@@ -404,7 +404,18 @@ struct evaluator_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
             polymorphism::substitution subst(m);
             polymorphism::util util(m);
             util.unify(f, m.poly_root(f), subst);
-            def = subst(def);
+            expr_ref d = subst(def);
+            // The polymorphic interpretation body may carry type variables that the
+            // instance/root unification does not fully resolve (e.g. when the body was
+            // built with type variables distinct from the root signature's, as happens
+            // for reified type constructors). If the substituted definition does not
+            // have the instance's range sort, it would produce an ill-sorted rewrite;
+            // treat the function as having no usable macro instead (sound: it is then
+            // evaluated as uninterpreted / by model completion).
+            if (!d || d->get_sort() != f->get_range())
+                return false;
+            m_pinned.push_back(d);
+            def = d;
             SASSERT(def != nullptr);
             
         }
diff --git a/src/model/model_macro_solver.cpp b/src/model/model_macro_solver.cpp
index 64881482e6..0e1c449008 100644
--- a/src/model/model_macro_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/model/model_macro_solver.cpp
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ void non_auf_macro_solver::collect_candidates(ptr_vector<quantifier> const& qs,
                 TRACE(model_finder, tout << "considering macro for: " << f->get_name() << "\n";
                 m->display(tout); tout << "\n";);
                 if (m->is_unconditional() && (!qi->is_auf() || m->get_weight() >= m_mbqi_force_template)) {
-                    full_macros.insert(f, std::make_pair(m, q));
+                    full_macros.insert(f, {m, q});
                     cond_macros.erase(f);
                 }
                 else if (!full_macros.contains(f) && !qi->is_auf())
@@ -524,10 +524,8 @@ void non_auf_macro_solver::collect_candidates(ptr_vector<quantifier> const& qs,
 }
 
 void non_auf_macro_solver::process_full_macros(obj_map<func_decl, mq_pair> const& full_macros, obj_hashtable<quantifier>& removed) {
-    for (auto const& kv : full_macros) {
-        func_decl* f = kv.m_key;
-        cond_macro* m = kv.m_value.first;
-        quantifier* q = kv.m_value.second;
+    for (auto const &[f, v] : full_macros) {
+        auto [m, q] = v;
         SASSERT(m->is_unconditional());
         if (add_macro(f, m->get_def())) {
             get_qinfo(q)->set_the_one(f);
diff --git a/src/model/struct_factory.cpp b/src/model/struct_factory.cpp
index 31f86f8837..77171a9fa5 100644
--- a/src/model/struct_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/model/struct_factory.cpp
@@ -19,41 +19,39 @@ Revision History:
 #include "model/struct_factory.h"
 #include "model/model_core.h"
 
-struct_factory::value_set * struct_factory::get_value_set(sort * s) {
+struct_factory::value_set& struct_factory::get_value_set(sort * s) {
     value_set * set = nullptr;
     if (!m_sort2value_set.find(s, set)) {
-        set = alloc(value_set);
+        set = alloc(value_set, m_model.get_manager());
         m_sort2value_set.insert(s, set);
         m_sorts.push_back(s);
         m_sets.push_back(set);
     }
     SASSERT(set != 0);
-    return set;
+    return *set;
 }
 
 struct_factory::struct_factory(ast_manager & m, family_id fid, model_core & md):
     value_factory(m, fid),
     m_model(md),
-    m_values(m),
     m_sorts(m) {
 }
 
 struct_factory::~struct_factory() {
-    std::for_each(m_sets.begin(), m_sets.end(), delete_proc<value_set>());
 }
 
 void struct_factory::register_value(expr * new_value) {
     sort * s        = new_value->get_sort();
-    value_set * set = get_value_set(s);
-    if (!set->contains(new_value)) {
-        m_values.push_back(new_value);
-        set->insert(new_value);
+    auto& [set, values] = get_value_set(s);
+    if (!set.contains(new_value)) {
+        values.push_back(new_value);
+        set.insert(new_value);
     }
 }
 
 bool struct_factory::get_some_values(sort * s, expr_ref & v1, expr_ref & v2) {
-    value_set * set = get_value_set(s);
-    switch (set->size()) {
+    auto& [set, values] = get_value_set(s);
+    switch (set.size()) {
     case 0:
         v1 = get_fresh_value(s);
         v2 = get_fresh_value(s);
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ bool struct_factory::get_some_values(sort * s, expr_ref & v1, expr_ref & v2) {
         v2 = get_fresh_value(s);
         return v2 != 0;
     default:
-        obj_hashtable<expr>::iterator it = set->begin();
+        obj_hashtable<expr>::iterator it = set.begin();
         v1 = *it;
         ++it;
         v2 = *it;
diff --git a/src/model/struct_factory.h b/src/model/struct_factory.h
index f8235a89b4..1ac90ffe85 100644
--- a/src/model/struct_factory.h
+++ b/src/model/struct_factory.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Revision History:
 
 #include "model/value_factory.h"
 #include "util/obj_hashtable.h"
+#include "util/scoped_ptr_vector.h"
 
 class model_core;
 
@@ -28,16 +29,19 @@ class model_core;
 */
 class struct_factory : public value_factory {
 protected:
-    typedef obj_hashtable<expr> value_set;
-    typedef obj_map<sort, value_set *> sort2value_set;
+    struct value_set {
+        obj_hashtable<expr> set;
+        expr_ref_vector values;
+        value_set(ast_manager &m) : values(m) {}
+    };
+    using sort2value_set = obj_map<sort, value_set *>;
 
     model_core &          m_model;
     sort2value_set        m_sort2value_set;
-    expr_ref_vector       m_values;
     sort_ref_vector       m_sorts;
-    ptr_vector<value_set> m_sets;
+    scoped_ptr_vector<value_set> m_sets;
     
-    value_set * get_value_set(sort * s);
+    value_set& get_value_set(sort * s);
 
 public:
     struct_factory(ast_manager & m, family_id fid, model_core & md);
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_context.cpp b/src/muz/base/dl_context.cpp
index bf84d7be7d..067ac712ff 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_context.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_context.cpp
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         datatype_util dt;
         bv_util       bv;
         array_util    ar;
-        DL_ENGINE     m_engine_type;
+        DL_ENGINE     m_engine_type = DATALOG_ENGINE;
 
         bool is_large_bv(expr *e) {
             sort *s = e->get_sort();
@@ -961,7 +961,6 @@ namespace datalog {
             if (get_engine() == DATALOG_ENGINE) {
                 m_rel = dynamic_cast<rel_context_base*>(m_engine.get());
             }
-
         }
     }
 
@@ -1361,4 +1360,4 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_context.h b/src/muz/base/dl_context.h
index 394b217df8..3a9bdcf340 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_context.h
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_context.h
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         model_converter_ref m_mc;
         proof_converter_ref m_pc;
 
-        rel_context_base*               m_rel;
+        rel_context_base*               m_rel = nullptr;
         scoped_ptr<engine_base>         m_engine;
 
         bool               m_closed;
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         execution_result   m_last_status;
         expr_ref           m_last_answer;
         expr_ref           m_last_ground_answer;
-        DL_ENGINE          m_engine_type;
+        DL_ENGINE          m_engine_type = LAST_ENGINE;
 
 
 
@@ -620,5 +620,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         void display_rel_decl(std::ostream& out, func_decl* f);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_costs.cpp b/src/muz/base/dl_costs.cpp
index 70688cd59c..35eaddce98 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_costs.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_costs.cpp
@@ -157,4 +157,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_costs.h b/src/muz/base/dl_costs.h
index ea3efcda99..a4c681af48 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_costs.h
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_costs.h
@@ -106,6 +106,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         void start(accounted_object *);
         void finish() { start(nullptr); }
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_rule.cpp b/src/muz/base/dl_rule.cpp
index 0824c84cf5..a8a9d9892a 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_rule.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_rule.cpp
@@ -276,7 +276,11 @@ namespace datalog {
         // retrieve free variables.
         m_free_vars(q);
         vars.append(m_free_vars.size(), m_free_vars.data());
-        if (vars.contains(static_cast<sort*>(nullptr))) {
+        // Eliminate gaps in the variable indices produced by unused variables.
+        // A single substitution pass may not suffice: var_subst applies the rewriter,
+        // which can simplify away variable occurrences (e.g. collapsing ite terms),
+        // introducing new gaps. Iterate until the free variables are contiguous.
+        while (vars.contains(static_cast<sort*>(nullptr))) {
             var_subst sub(m, false);
             expr_ref_vector args(m);
             // [s0, 0, s2, ..]
@@ -1084,6 +1088,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_rule.h b/src/muz/base/dl_rule.h
index 0a8fd955cb..e5126c778f 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_rule.h
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_rule.h
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ namespace datalog {
             case forall_k: m_univ = true; break;
             case exists_k: m_exist = true; break;
             case lambda_k: m_lambda = true; break;
+            case choice_k: break;
             }
         }
         void operator()(app * n) { }
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ namespace datalog {
 
            This possibly returns a ";"-separated list of names.
         */
-        symbol const& name() const { return m_name; } ;
+        symbol const& name() const { return m_name; }
 
         unsigned hash() const;
 
@@ -385,6 +386,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         unsigned operator()(const rule * r) const;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_set.cpp b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_set.cpp
index d621e1b24b..4e0572c978 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_set.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_set.cpp
@@ -709,4 +709,4 @@ namespace datalog {
 
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_set.h b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_set.h
index 4afacacf06..be694af461 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_set.h
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_set.h
@@ -281,5 +281,5 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_subsumption_index.cpp b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_subsumption_index.cpp
index f3fb545b67..cf41c37f20 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_subsumption_index.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_subsumption_index.cpp
@@ -80,5 +80,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         return false;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_subsumption_index.h b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_subsumption_index.h
index 3783be3dc3..5d321fe7aa 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_subsumption_index.h
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_subsumption_index.h
@@ -56,6 +56,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         bool is_subsumed(app * query);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_transformer.cpp b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_transformer.cpp
index bcdcc6b5bb..4342e3564a 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_transformer.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_transformer.cpp
@@ -148,4 +148,4 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_transformer.h b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_transformer.h
index c446593bdd..9ac935357a 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_rule_transformer.h
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_rule_transformer.h
@@ -110,6 +110,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         static void remove_duplicate_tails(app_ref_vector& tail, bool_vector& tail_neg);
 
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_util.cpp b/src/muz/base/dl_util.cpp
index 975d4e721b..81740cc86a 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_util.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_util.cpp
@@ -681,5 +681,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         stm<<num;
         return stm.str();
     }
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/dl_util.h b/src/muz/base/dl_util.h
index 636b2d0aee..a21ac2a127 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/dl_util.h
+++ b/src/muz/base/dl_util.h
@@ -630,6 +630,6 @@ namespace datalog {
        returned.
      */
     bool read_uint64(const char * & s, uint64_t & res);
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/base/fp_params.pyg b/src/muz/base/fp_params.pyg
index 57a264768c..2dd4cea3f1 100644
--- a/src/muz/base/fp_params.pyg
+++ b/src/muz/base/fp_params.pyg
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ def_module_params('fp',
                   export=True,
                   params=(('engine', SYMBOL, 'auto-config',
                            'Select: auto-config, datalog, bmc, spacer'),
+                          ('rlimit', UINT, 0, "deterministic resource limit (0 means no limit)"),
                           ('datalog.default_table', SYMBOL, 'sparse',
                            'default table implementation: sparse, hashtable, bitvector, interval'),
                           ('datalog.default_relation', SYMBOL, 'pentagon',
diff --git a/src/muz/bmc/dl_bmc_engine.cpp b/src/muz/bmc/dl_bmc_engine.cpp
index b2feb4b92d..edc9c41038 100644
--- a/src/muz/bmc/dl_bmc_engine.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/bmc/dl_bmc_engine.cpp
@@ -1566,6 +1566,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         return nl.compile_query(query_pred, level);
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 template class rewriter_tpl<datalog::bmc::nonlinear::level_replacer_cfg>;
diff --git a/src/muz/bmc/dl_bmc_engine.h b/src/muz/bmc/dl_bmc_engine.h
index 05d5707a66..c1631a8319 100644
--- a/src/muz/bmc/dl_bmc_engine.h
+++ b/src/muz/bmc/dl_bmc_engine.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         void compile(rule_set const& rules, expr_ref_vector& fmls, unsigned level);
         expr_ref compile_query(func_decl* query_pred, unsigned level);
     };
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/clp/clp_context.cpp b/src/muz/clp/clp_context.cpp
index ccaf46702b..7683e4dbaa 100644
--- a/src/muz/clp/clp_context.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/clp/clp_context.cpp
@@ -222,4 +222,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return m_imp->get_answer();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/clp/clp_context.h b/src/muz/clp/clp_context.h
index 306baf3bd3..4be64b325a 100644
--- a/src/muz/clp/clp_context.h
+++ b/src/muz/clp/clp_context.h
@@ -38,5 +38,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         void display_certificate(std::ostream& out) const override;
         expr_ref get_answer() override;
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/ddnf/ddnf.cpp b/src/muz/ddnf/ddnf.cpp
index e692196f26..300edfe239 100644
--- a/src/muz/ddnf/ddnf.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/ddnf/ddnf.cpp
@@ -878,4 +878,4 @@ namespace datalog {
     expr_ref ddnf::get_answer() {
         return m_imp->get_answer();
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/ddnf/ddnf.h b/src/muz/ddnf/ddnf.h
index 6a93ef2305..e25b7a8d08 100644
--- a/src/muz/ddnf/ddnf.h
+++ b/src/muz/ddnf/ddnf.h
@@ -65,5 +65,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         void display(std::ostream& out) const;
         void display_statistics(std::ostream& out) const;
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/fp/datalog_parser.h b/src/muz/fp/datalog_parser.h
index e836cbaec8..fcf1a1327f 100644
--- a/src/muz/fp/datalog_parser.h
+++ b/src/muz/fp/datalog_parser.h
@@ -42,5 +42,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         virtual bool parse_directory(char const * path) = 0;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/check_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/check_relation.h
index 773b45813f..310e09fe6f 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/check_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/check_relation.h
@@ -164,6 +164,6 @@ namespace datalog {
             unsigned_vector const& dst_eq,
             unsigned_vector const& neg_eq);
     };
-};
+}
        
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_base.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_base.h
index 9c14421850..2592d642ca 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_base.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_base.h
@@ -631,12 +631,12 @@ namespace datalog {
 
         class identity_mutator_fn : public mutator_fn {
         public:
-            void operator()(base_object & t) override {};
+            void operator()(base_object & t) override {}
         };
 
         class identity_intersection_filter_fn : public intersection_filter_fn {
         public:
-            void operator()(base_object & t, const base_object & neg) override {};
+            void operator()(base_object & t, const base_object & neg) override {}
         };
 
         class default_permutation_rename_fn : public transformer_fn {
@@ -1258,5 +1258,5 @@ namespace datalog {
             expr_ref_vector & renaming_arg);
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_bound_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_bound_relation.cpp
index 2a078d8f7e..417ae0cb90 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_bound_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_bound_relation.cpp
@@ -676,6 +676,6 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_bound_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_bound_relation.h
index 8f852f0ba4..f90d643246 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_bound_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_bound_relation.h
@@ -168,6 +168,6 @@ namespace datalog {
        
     };
         
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_check_table.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_check_table.cpp
index 0a6d900274..e036fdb117 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_check_table.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_check_table.cpp
@@ -435,5 +435,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         return result;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_check_table.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_check_table.h
index 144d0d6fc4..4e49bd4de9 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_check_table.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_check_table.h
@@ -129,5 +129,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         unsigned get_size_estimate_bytes() const override { return m_tocheck->get_size_estimate_bytes(); }
     };
 
- };
+ }
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_compiler.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_compiler.h
index 106d1b7919..edb7598d68 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_compiler.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_compiler.h
@@ -279,6 +279,6 @@ namespace datalog {
     };
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_external_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_external_relation.cpp
index a2e42f6402..bfbd22f4a3 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_external_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_external_relation.cpp
@@ -449,4 +449,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return alloc(negation_filter_fn, *this, t, negated_obj, joined_col_cnt, t_cols, negated_cols);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_external_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_external_relation.h
index c8887eeedb..98fd74992e 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_external_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_external_relation.h
@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@ namespace datalog {
     };
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_finite_product_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_finite_product_relation.cpp
index 7f3806b91a..61f76c77d6 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_finite_product_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_finite_product_relation.cpp
@@ -2372,4 +2372,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         bool_rewriter(m).mk_or(disjs.size(), disjs.data(), fml);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_finite_product_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_finite_product_relation.h
index 324564469f..f602e37126 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_finite_product_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_finite_product_relation.h
@@ -359,6 +359,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         void to_formula(expr_ref& fml) const override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_instruction.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_instruction.h
index a008c2b731..4a1da5a791 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_instruction.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_instruction.h
@@ -364,6 +364,6 @@ namespace datalog {
     };
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_interval_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_interval_relation.cpp
index 81c630ec6a..39ffdbfcb1 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_interval_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_interval_relation.cpp
@@ -648,5 +648,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         return false;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_interval_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_interval_relation.h
index 0bddec4cf8..857a3f3dfd 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_interval_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_interval_relation.h
@@ -134,6 +134,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
     };
         
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_explanations.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_explanations.cpp
index 9565a71436..67b67bbef5 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_explanations.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_explanations.cpp
@@ -885,5 +885,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         return res.detach();
     }
     
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_explanations.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_explanations.h
index 33d5cc8eea..ba2bbe082f 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_explanations.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_explanations.h
@@ -79,6 +79,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
         static expr* get_explanation(relation_base const& r);
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_similarity_compressor.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_similarity_compressor.cpp
index 77d106e0cf..39ebbf4344 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_similarity_compressor.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_similarity_compressor.cpp
@@ -543,4 +543,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         reset();
         return result;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_similarity_compressor.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_similarity_compressor.h
index 394e1a9e62..73ff15339c 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_similarity_compressor.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_similarity_compressor.h
@@ -71,6 +71,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_simple_joins.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_simple_joins.cpp
index de10c4f7f0..cf85321226 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_simple_joins.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_simple_joins.cpp
@@ -751,5 +751,5 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_simple_joins.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_simple_joins.h
index 6ec66159cd..f4aacdaa9a 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_simple_joins.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_mk_simple_joins.h
@@ -56,6 +56,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_product_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_product_relation.cpp
index 7dd9056f6d..9884aea060 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_product_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_product_relation.cpp
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_product_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_product_relation.h
index 63c0004898..e8190a8301 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_product_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_product_relation.h
@@ -184,6 +184,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         }
     };
         
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_relation_manager.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_relation_manager.cpp
index dda2704626..ed0c37f4ff 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_relation_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_relation_manager.cpp
@@ -1689,5 +1689,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         return res;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_relation_manager.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_relation_manager.h
index 58d46347d2..3c480785ae 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_relation_manager.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_relation_manager.h
@@ -699,6 +699,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_sieve_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_sieve_relation.cpp
index b1e64bd648..19fc688d01 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_sieve_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_sieve_relation.cpp
@@ -662,4 +662,4 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
     
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_sieve_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_sieve_relation.h
index 0166bec981..71fc8a15a3 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_sieve_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_sieve_relation.h
@@ -190,6 +190,6 @@ namespace datalog {
     };
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_sparse_table.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_sparse_table.cpp
index b59260863c..8cca81d733 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_sparse_table.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_sparse_table.cpp
@@ -1404,5 +1404,5 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_sparse_table.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_sparse_table.h
index 330e4d440f..34f05f4798 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_sparse_table.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_sparse_table.h
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ namespace datalog {
             column_info(unsigned offset, unsigned length) 
                 : m_big_offset(offset / 8), 
                   m_small_offset(offset % 8),
-                  m_mask( length == 64 ? ULLONG_MAX : (static_cast<uint64_t>(1)<<length)-1 ),
+                  m_mask( length >= 64 ? ULLONG_MAX : (static_cast<uint64_t>(1)<<length)-1 ),
                   m_write_mask( ~(m_mask << m_small_offset) ),
                   m_offset(offset), 
                   m_length(length) {
@@ -494,5 +494,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         bool knows_exact_size() const override { return true; }
     };
 
- };
+ }
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_table.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_table.cpp
index 62670254d3..36344f5697 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_table.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_table.cpp
@@ -292,5 +292,5 @@ namespace datalog {
     table_base::iterator bitvector_table::end() const {
         return mk_iterator(alloc(bv_iterator, *this, true));
     }
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_table.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_table.h
index 96f68f44cb..becb61d964 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_table.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_table.h
@@ -144,6 +144,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
     
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_table_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/dl_table_relation.cpp
index 4f51001769..c264872c7d 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_table_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_table_relation.cpp
@@ -489,5 +489,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_table_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_table_relation.h
index bb6368d253..9ff0636283 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_table_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_table_relation.h
@@ -126,6 +126,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         bool knows_exact_size() const override { return m_table->knows_exact_size(); }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/dl_vector_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/dl_vector_relation.h
index f659831fb3..3f1edd28ee 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/dl_vector_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/dl_vector_relation.h
@@ -397,6 +397,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
     };
         
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/karr_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/karr_relation.cpp
index c4b6a65b2d..41bd91e31e 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/karr_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/karr_relation.cpp
@@ -789,4 +789,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         }
         return nullptr;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/karr_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/karr_relation.h
index 33ce1ef984..1aee4595db 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/karr_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/karr_relation.h
@@ -80,6 +80,6 @@ namespace datalog {
     };
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/rel_context.cpp b/src/muz/rel/rel_context.cpp
index 20735cfcc0..4d963b1764 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/rel_context.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/rel_context.cpp
@@ -630,4 +630,4 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/rel_context.h b/src/muz/rel/rel_context.h
index 8d48d2d37d..62f7566b80 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/rel_context.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/rel_context.h
@@ -125,5 +125,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         lbool saturate() override;
 
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/udoc_relation.cpp b/src/muz/rel/udoc_relation.cpp
index 068af24b6f..17d68660e9 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/udoc_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/rel/udoc_relation.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ namespace datalog {
                 col = column_idx(orig[i]);
                 limit = col + column_num_bits(orig[i]);
             } else {
+                SASSERT(other);
                 unsigned idx = orig[i] - get_num_cols();
                 col = get_num_bits() + other->column_idx(idx);
                 limit = col + other->column_num_bits(idx);
diff --git a/src/muz/rel/udoc_relation.h b/src/muz/rel/udoc_relation.h
index f7a47f0e0e..5c133596be 100644
--- a/src/muz/rel/udoc_relation.h
+++ b/src/muz/rel/udoc_relation.h
@@ -147,6 +147,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
         void disable_fast_pass() { m_disable_fast_pass = true; }
     };
-};
+}
        
 
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_concretize.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_concretize.cpp
index 9700af1497..d73b3f638e 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_concretize.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_concretize.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct proc {
         }
     }
 };
-}; // namespace pattern_var_marker_ns
+} // namespace pattern_var_marker_ns
 namespace spacer {
 void pob_concretizer::mark_pattern_vars() {
     pattern_var_marker_ns::proc proc(m_arith, m_var_marks);
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_context.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_context.cpp
index cf27f23cb6..3f46dadb45 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_context.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_context.cpp
@@ -3330,7 +3330,7 @@ bool context::is_reachable(pob &n)
     model_ref mdl;
 
     // used in case n is reachable
-    bool is_concrete;
+    bool is_concrete = false;
     const datalog::rule * r = nullptr;
     // denotes which predecessor's (along r) reach facts are used
     bool_vector reach_pred_used;
@@ -3521,7 +3521,7 @@ lbool context::expand_pob(pob& n, pob_ref_buffer &out)
     model_ref model;
 
     // used in case n is reachable
-    bool is_concrete;
+    bool is_concrete = false;
     const datalog::rule * r = nullptr;
     // denotes which predecessor's (along r) reach facts are used
     bool_vector reach_pred_used;
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_context.h b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_context.h
index 2691421463..0440a0d1e9 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_context.h
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_context.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Notes:
 namespace datalog {
 class rule_set;
 class context;
-}; // namespace datalog
+} // namespace datalog
 
 namespace spacer {
 
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_convex_closure.h b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_convex_closure.h
index c3676ddf51..da794c4a2d 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_convex_closure.h
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_convex_closure.h
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class convex_closure {
     void add_row(const vector<rational> &point) {
         SASSERT(point.size() == dims());
         m_data.add_row(point);
-    };
+    }
 
     bool operator()() { return this->compute(); }
     bool compute();
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_farkas_learner.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_farkas_learner.cpp
index 0fa1b74c63..3016b69fe9 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_farkas_learner.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_farkas_learner.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ bool farkas_learner::is_pure_expr(func_decl_set const& symbs, expr* e, ast_manag
         return false;
     }
     return true;
-};
+}
 
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_generalizers.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_generalizers.cpp
index 0fa8ae932b..4653d62b91 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_generalizers.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_generalizers.cpp
@@ -327,4 +327,4 @@ void lemma_eq_generalizer::operator() (lemma_ref &lemma) {
 }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_iuc_solver.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_iuc_solver.cpp
index 0bc72190b1..4bdb2f414a 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_iuc_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_iuc_solver.cpp
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ namespace spacer {
         return m_base_defs.is_proxy (a, def);
     }
 
-    void iuc_solver::collect_statistics (statistics &st) const {
+    void iuc_solver::collect_statistics_core (statistics &st) const {
         m_solver.collect_statistics (st);
         st.update ("time.iuc_solver.get_iuc", m_iuc_sw.get_seconds());
         st.update ("time.iuc_solver.get_iuc.hyp_reduce1", m_hyp_reduce1_sw.get_seconds());
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_iuc_solver.h b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_iuc_solver.h
index cdf355f036..18ff4da34e 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_iuc_solver.h
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_iuc_solver.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public:
 
     /* check_sat_result interface */
 
-    void collect_statistics(statistics &st) const override ;
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics &st) const override ;
     virtual void reset_statistics();
 
     void get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector &r) override;
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_mbc.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_mbc.cpp
index 78c2799ec6..ee4eb0228f 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_mbc.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_mbc.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public:
     }
 
 
-    void reset() {reset_partition();};
+    void reset() {reset_partition();}
     void reset_partition() {m_current_part = UINT_MAX;}
     unsigned partition() {return m_current_part;}
     bool found_partition() {return m_current_part < UINT_MAX;}
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_proof_utils.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_proof_utils.cpp
index 383fda4183..929b4b1f63 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_proof_utils.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_proof_utils.cpp
@@ -615,13 +615,14 @@ namespace spacer {
         ptr_buffer<proof> args;
         bool dirty = false;
 
-        while (true) {
+        while (!todo.empty()) {
             proof *p, *tmp, *pp;
             unsigned todo_sz;
 
             p = todo.back();
             if (m_cache.find(p, tmp)) {
                 todo.pop_back();
+                res = tmp;
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -703,8 +704,12 @@ namespace spacer {
             if (!m_open_mark.is_marked(res) && m.has_fact(res) && m.is_false(m.get_fact(res)))
                 return res;
         }
-        UNREACHABLE();
-        return nullptr;
+        // The loop above normally returns when it reaches a hypothesis-free
+        // sub-proof of false (the reduced root). If hypothesis reduction could
+        // not close all hypotheses on the root, todo drains without hitting
+        // that early return; return the reduced root instead of reading past
+        // the end of todo (which is a use-after-free).
+        return res;
     }
 
     proof* hypothesis_reducer::mk_lemma_core(proof* premise, expr *fact) {
@@ -845,4 +850,4 @@ namespace spacer {
         return res;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_qe_project.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_qe_project.cpp
index d47a09d144..70db71bdbd 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_qe_project.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_qe_project.cpp
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class arith_project_util {
                         cx = mk_mul(c, m_var->x());
                         cxt = mk_add(cx, t);
                         val = mdl(cxt);
-                        VERIFY(a.is_numeral(val, r));
+                        VERIFY(a.is_extended_numeral(val, r));
                         SASSERT(r > rational::zero() || r < rational::zero());
                         if (r > rational::zero()) {
                             c = -c;
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ class arith_project_util {
                 cx = mk_mul(c, m_var->x());
                 cxt = mk_add(cx, t);
                 val = mdl(cxt);
-                VERIFY(a.is_numeral(val, r));
+                VERIFY(a.is_extended_numeral(val, r));
 
                 if (is_eq) {
                     TRACE(qe, tout << "equality term\n";);
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ class arith_project_util {
             cx = mk_mul(m_coeffs[max_t], m_var->x());
             cxt = mk_add(cx, m_terms.get(max_t));
             val = mdl(cxt);
-            VERIFY(a.is_numeral(val, r));
+            VERIFY(a.is_extended_numeral(val, r));
 
             // get the offset from the smallest/largest possible value for x
             // literal      smallest/largest val of x
@@ -771,13 +771,13 @@ class arith_project_util {
         // evaluate x in mdl
         rational r_x;
         val = mdl(m_var->x());
-        VERIFY(a.is_numeral(val, r_x));
+        VERIFY(a.is_extended_numeral(val, r_x));
 
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_terms.size(); ++i) {
             rational const &ac = m_coeffs[i];
             if (!m_eq[i] && ac.is_pos() == do_pos) {
                 val = mdl(m_terms.get(i));
-                VERIFY(a.is_numeral(val, r));
+                VERIFY(a.is_extended_numeral(val, r));
                 r /= abs(ac);
                 // skip the literal if false in the model
                 if (do_pos) {
@@ -1148,6 +1148,7 @@ class arith_project_util {
                         expr_ref_vector const &lits) {
         app_ref_vector new_vars(m);
         expr_ref_vector result(lits);
+        model::scoped_model_completion _smc(mdl, true);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
             app *v = vars.get(i);
             m_var = alloc(contains_app, m, v);
@@ -1183,6 +1184,12 @@ class arith_project_util {
                     expr_map &map) {
         app_ref_vector new_vars(m);
 
+        // Variables to be projected may not be assigned in the model
+        // (e.g. grounded auxiliary variables that are don't-cares). Enable
+        // model completion so their evaluation yields concrete numerals,
+        // matching the behavior of the native MBP arith projector.
+        model::scoped_model_completion _smc(mdl, true);
+
         // factor out mod terms by introducing new variables
         TRACE(qe, tout << "before factoring out mod terms:" << "\n";
               tout << mk_pp(fml, m) << "\n"; tout << "mdl:\n";
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_qe_project.h b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_qe_project.h
index 37d0985406..b48b3aa321 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_qe_project.h
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_qe_project.h
@@ -43,5 +43,5 @@ namespace spacer_qe {
     void array_project_selects (model& model, app_ref_vector& arr_vars, expr_ref& fml, app_ref_vector& aux_vars);
 
     void array_project (model& model, app_ref_vector& arr_vars, expr_ref& fml, app_ref_vector& aux_vars, bool reduce_all_selects = false);
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_sym_mux.h b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_sym_mux.h
index 4ddbeb3e44..549a25b21b 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_sym_mux.h
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_sym_mux.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ private:
     public:
         func_decl_ref m_main;
         func_decl_ref_vector m_variants;
-        sym_mux_entry(ast_manager &m) : m_main(m), m_variants(m) {};
+        sym_mux_entry(ast_manager &m) : m_main(m), m_variants(m) {}
     };
 
     typedef obj_map<func_decl, sym_mux_entry*> decl2entry_map;
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_learner.h b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_learner.h
index 27915b6c9a..fadfe04cfd 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_learner.h
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_learner.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace spacer {
 
     public:
         unsat_core_learner(ast_manager& m, iuc_proof& pr) :
-            m(m), m_pr(pr), m_unsat_core(m) {};
+            m(m), m_pr(pr), m_unsat_core(m) {}
         virtual ~unsat_core_learner();
 
         ast_manager& get_manager() {return m;}
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_plugin.cpp b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_plugin.cpp
index 40060629d0..36500eb770 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_plugin.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Revision History:
 namespace spacer {
 
     unsat_core_plugin::unsat_core_plugin(unsat_core_learner& ctx):
-        m(ctx.get_manager()), m_ctx(ctx) {};
+        m(ctx.get_manager()), m_ctx(ctx) {}
 
     void unsat_core_plugin_lemma::compute_partial_core(proof* step) {
         SASSERT(m_ctx.is_a(step));
diff --git a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_plugin.h b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_plugin.h
index b844cdd469..c327a1fdba 100644
--- a/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_plugin.h
+++ b/src/muz/spacer/spacer_unsat_core_plugin.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace spacer {
 
     class unsat_core_plugin_lemma : public unsat_core_plugin {
     public:
-        unsat_core_plugin_lemma(unsat_core_learner& learner) : unsat_core_plugin(learner){};
+        unsat_core_plugin_lemma(unsat_core_learner& learner) : unsat_core_plugin(learner){}
         void compute_partial_core(proof* step) override;
     private:
         void add_lowest_split_to_core(proof* step) const;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace spacer {
                                        bool use_constant_from_a=true) :
             unsat_core_plugin(learner),
             m_split_literals(split_literals),
-            m_use_constant_from_a(use_constant_from_a) {};
+            m_use_constant_from_a(use_constant_from_a) {}
         void compute_partial_core(proof* step) override;
     private:
         bool m_split_literals;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace spacer {
 
     class unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_optimized : public unsat_core_plugin {
     public:
-        unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_optimized(unsat_core_learner& learner, ast_manager& m) : unsat_core_plugin(learner) {};
+        unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_optimized(unsat_core_learner& learner, ast_manager& m) : unsat_core_plugin(learner) {}
         void compute_partial_core(proof* step) override;
         void finalize() override;
     protected:
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace spacer {
 
     class unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_bounded : public unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_optimized {
     public:
-        unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_bounded(unsat_core_learner& learner, ast_manager& m) : unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_optimized(learner, m) {};
+        unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_bounded(unsat_core_learner& learner, ast_manager& m) : unsat_core_plugin_farkas_lemma_optimized(learner, m) {}
         void finalize() override;
     };
 
diff --git a/src/muz/tab/tab_context.cpp b/src/muz/tab/tab_context.cpp
index a775a7033d..d92d7614ca 100644
--- a/src/muz/tab/tab_context.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/tab/tab_context.cpp
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ namespace tb {
         }
         return out << "unmatched instruction";
     }
-};
+}
 
 namespace datalog {
 
@@ -1655,4 +1655,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return m_imp->get_answer();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/tab/tab_context.h b/src/muz/tab/tab_context.h
index d5bda040e2..4db6426230 100644
--- a/src/muz/tab/tab_context.h
+++ b/src/muz/tab/tab_context.h
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         void display_certificate(std::ostream& out) const override;
         expr_ref get_answer() override;
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_blast.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_blast.cpp
index f0efe2f3ac..5e163f087d 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_blast.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_blast.cpp
@@ -333,6 +333,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         return rules.detach();        
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_blast.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_blast.h
index 12102af73e..04254275b0 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_blast.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_blast.h
@@ -69,6 +69,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_eq_rewrite.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_eq_rewrite.h
index eabef4792f..62a9a4e0da 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_eq_rewrite.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_eq_rewrite.h
@@ -44,5 +44,5 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_instantiation.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_instantiation.h
index 71924288f9..4b8d8395b9 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_instantiation.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_array_instantiation.h
@@ -116,5 +116,5 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_backwards.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_backwards.cpp
index a47d0aeebb..b848167026 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_backwards.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_backwards.cpp
@@ -73,4 +73,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return result.detach();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_backwards.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_backwards.h
index 4d1522e021..76aab80af3 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_backwards.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_backwards.h
@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_bit_blast.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_bit_blast.cpp
index 9ca982776d..d6f07915db 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_bit_blast.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_bit_blast.cpp
@@ -334,4 +334,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return (*m_impl)(source);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_bit_blast.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_bit_blast.h
index 3681ecf380..0f7da47680 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_bit_blast.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_bit_blast.h
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_coalesce.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_coalesce.cpp
index 97c4bb3aff..c7e3a1aede 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_coalesce.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_coalesce.cpp
@@ -194,6 +194,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         return rules.detach();
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_coalesce.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_coalesce.h
index f94ce3465a..07962a006a 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_coalesce.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_coalesce.h
@@ -54,6 +54,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_filter_rules.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_filter_rules.cpp
index d403f8b953..32b3f63ba5 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_filter_rules.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_filter_rules.cpp
@@ -166,4 +166,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return m_result;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_filter_rules.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_filter_rules.h
index 3939c542ba..605fde256f 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_filter_rules.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_filter_rules.h
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_interp_tail_simplifier.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_interp_tail_simplifier.cpp
index 1afb61febc..9d696b7729 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_interp_tail_simplifier.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_interp_tail_simplifier.cpp
@@ -615,4 +615,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return res.detach();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_interp_tail_simplifier.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_interp_tail_simplifier.h
index f1757dbce7..4658399380 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_interp_tail_simplifier.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_interp_tail_simplifier.h
@@ -102,6 +102,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_karr_invariants.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_karr_invariants.cpp
index 71370a0b50..669ea1f2cf 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_karr_invariants.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_karr_invariants.cpp
@@ -308,5 +308,5 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_karr_invariants.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_karr_invariants.h
index 9ba579a603..e33ff851cc 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_karr_invariants.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_karr_invariants.h
@@ -68,6 +68,6 @@ namespace datalog {
     };
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_loop_counter.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_loop_counter.cpp
index a20224eb29..245ad0b2d2 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_loop_counter.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_loop_counter.cpp
@@ -153,4 +153,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return result;
 
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_loop_counter.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_loop_counter.h
index b2758df67a..d74a73ffe3 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_loop_counter.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_loop_counter.h
@@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * revert(rule_set const& source);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_sets.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_sets.cpp
index 395aa0d693..f8f34827fd 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_sets.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_sets.cpp
@@ -375,5 +375,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         result->add_rule(back_to_goal_rule);
         return result.detach();
     }
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_sets.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_sets.h
index 3a8a92580d..4e40e057c1 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_sets.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_sets.h
@@ -128,6 +128,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_symbolic.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_symbolic.cpp
index ed05d2247e..054abf5e7c 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_symbolic.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_symbolic.cpp
@@ -130,4 +130,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return app_ref(m.mk_app(g, q->get_num_args(), q->get_args()), m);        
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_symbolic.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_symbolic.h
index ac29194bcc..1003b2e318 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_symbolic.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_magic_symbolic.h
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_abstraction.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_abstraction.cpp
index b2ec2fb297..a12b230bc3 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_abstraction.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_abstraction.cpp
@@ -361,4 +361,4 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_abstraction.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_abstraction.h
index 33c70c08b2..40669b02a3 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_abstraction.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_abstraction.h
@@ -55,6 +55,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_instantiation.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_instantiation.cpp
index 9e567c902b..bc1af9c585 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_instantiation.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_instantiation.cpp
@@ -289,6 +289,6 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_instantiation.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_instantiation.h
index 716de11f02..c27058e30f 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_instantiation.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_quantifier_instantiation.h
@@ -65,6 +65,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_rule_inliner.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_rule_inliner.cpp
index 340b0ac569..94c174c1db 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_rule_inliner.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_rule_inliner.cpp
@@ -878,4 +878,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return res.detach();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_rule_inliner.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_rule_inliner.h
index c0693fde06..adab914e08 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_rule_inliner.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_rule_inliner.h
@@ -199,6 +199,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_scale.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_scale.cpp
index b6178bb817..a20b1cbdc2 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_scale.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_scale.cpp
@@ -235,4 +235,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return result;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_scale.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_scale.h
index fcbf4c2265..39ab3cdce2 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_scale.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_scale.h
@@ -45,6 +45,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_slice.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_slice.cpp
index ecdf3ab23a..6cfb1e8add 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_slice.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_slice.cpp
@@ -854,5 +854,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         return result.detach();
     }    
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_slice.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_slice.h
index 807c6dac4e..e619bc90b7 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_slice.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_slice.h
@@ -106,6 +106,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         obj_map<func_decl, func_decl*> const& get_predicates() { return m_predicates; }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_subsumption_checker.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_subsumption_checker.cpp
index c71fddf9ee..c0e499d06e 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_subsumption_checker.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_subsumption_checker.cpp
@@ -357,4 +357,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return res.detach();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_subsumption_checker.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_subsumption_checker.h
index 87c5c8f2e5..e2b21da694 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_subsumption_checker.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_subsumption_checker.h
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_synchronize.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_synchronize.cpp
index 81c01d7fcc..261768bf7a 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_synchronize.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_synchronize.cpp
@@ -373,4 +373,4 @@ namespace datalog {
         return rules;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_synchronize.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_synchronize.h
index 3f3657cae7..c81a3c9c6d 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_synchronize.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_synchronize.h
@@ -128,5 +128,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unbound_compressor.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unbound_compressor.cpp
index 15b619ff85..161af7cea9 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unbound_compressor.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unbound_compressor.cpp
@@ -400,4 +400,4 @@ namespace datalog {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unbound_compressor.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unbound_compressor.h
index 63463dc5ce..9102837bf4 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unbound_compressor.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unbound_compressor.h
@@ -88,6 +88,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unfold.cpp b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unfold.cpp
index 6a1ae1535e..2d71aafcef 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unfold.cpp
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unfold.cpp
@@ -59,5 +59,5 @@ namespace datalog {
         return rules.detach();
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unfold.h b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unfold.h
index abba64c897..6687e7fadf 100644
--- a/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unfold.h
+++ b/src/muz/transforms/dl_mk_unfold.h
@@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ namespace datalog {
         rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/nlsat/levelwise.cpp b/src/nlsat/levelwise.cpp
index c03294520a..da099d8fdc 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/levelwise.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/levelwise.cpp
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@
 #include "math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.h"
 #include "math/polynomial/polynomial.h"
 #include "nlsat_common.h"
-#include "util/z3_exception.h"
 #include "util/vector.h"
+#include "util/index_sort_with_mutations.h"
 #include "util/trace.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <numeric>
 #include <set>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
@@ -44,23 +45,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
         sector_spanning_tree
     };
 
-// Tag indicating what kind of invariance we need to preserve for a polynomial on the cell:
-// - SIGN: sign-invariance is sufficient (polynomial doesn't change sign within the cell)
-// - ORD:  order-invariance is required (root multiplicities are constant within the cell)
-//
-// Order-invariance is stronger than sign-invariance and is needed for:
-// - Discriminants: to ensure root functions remain continuous and ordered (Theorem 2.1 in [1])
-// - Resultants: to ensure relative ordering of roots from different polynomials (Theorem 2.2 in [1])
-// Sign-invariance suffices for leading coefficients (ensures polynomial degree doesn't drop).
-//
-// [1] Nalbach et al., "Projective Delineability for Single Cell Construction", SC² 2025
-    enum class inv_req : uint8_t { none = 0, sign = 1, ord = 2 };
-
-    static inline inv_req max_req(inv_req a, inv_req b) {
-        return static_cast<uint8_t>(a) < static_cast<uint8_t>(b) ? b : a;
-    }
-
-    struct nullified_poly_exception {};
 
     struct levelwise::impl {
         solver&                      m_solver;
@@ -73,6 +57,8 @@ namespace nlsat {
 
         unsigned               m_level = 0;      // current level being processed
         unsigned               m_spanning_tree_threshold = 3; // minimum both-side count for spanning tree
+        bool                   m_witness_subs_lc = true;
+        bool                   m_witness_subs_disc = false;
         unsigned               m_l_rf = UINT_MAX; // position of lower bound in m_rel.m_rfunc
         unsigned               m_u_rf = UINT_MAX; // position of upper bound in m_rel.m_rfunc, UINT_MAX in section case
 
@@ -83,10 +69,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
         std_vector<bool>                m_poly_has_roots;
 
         polynomial_ref_vector  m_psc_tmp;        // scratch for PSC chains
-        bool                   m_fail = false;
-        // Current requirement tag for polynomials stored in the todo_set, keyed by pm.id(poly*).
-        // Entries are upgraded SIGN -> ORD as needed and cleared when a polynomial is extracted.
-        std_vector<uint8_t>    m_req;
 
         // Vectors indexed by position in m_level_ps (more cache-friendly than maps)
         mutable std_vector<uint8_t> m_side_mask;       // bit0 = lower, bit1 = upper, 3 = both
@@ -95,23 +77,9 @@ namespace nlsat {
         mutable std_vector<unsigned> m_deg_in_order_graph; // degree of polynomial in resultant graph
         mutable std_vector<unsigned> m_unique_neighbor;    // UINT_MAX = not set, UINT_MAX-1 = multiple
 
-        assignment const& sample() const { return m_solver.sample(); }
+        bool m_linear_cell = false; // indicates whether cell bounds are forced to be linear
 
-        // Utility: call fn for each distinct irreducible factor of poly
-        template <typename Func>
-        void for_each_distinct_factor(polynomial_ref const& poly_in, Func&& fn) {
-            if (!poly_in || is_zero(poly_in) || is_const(poly_in))
-                return;
-            polynomial_ref poly(poly_in);
-            polynomial_ref_vector factors(m_pm);
-            ::nlsat::factor(poly, m_cache, factors);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < factors.size(); ++i) {
-                polynomial_ref f(factors.get(i), m_pm);
-                if (!f || is_zero(f) || is_const(f))
-                    continue;
-                fn(f);
-            }
-        }
+        assignment const& sample() const { return m_solver.sample(); }
 
         struct root_function {
             scoped_anum       val;
@@ -119,15 +87,20 @@ namespace nlsat {
             unsigned          ps_idx; // index in m_level_ps
             root_function(anum_manager& am, poly* p, unsigned idx, anum const& v, unsigned ps_idx)
                 : val(am), ire{ p, idx }, ps_idx(ps_idx) { am.set(val, v); }
-            root_function(root_function&& other) noexcept : val(other.val.m()), ire(other.ire), ps_idx(other.ps_idx) { val = other.val; }
+            root_function(root_function&& other) noexcept : val(std::move(other.val)), ire(other.ire), ps_idx(other.ps_idx) { }
             root_function(root_function const&) = delete;
             root_function& operator=(root_function const&) = delete;
             root_function& operator=(root_function&& other) noexcept {
-                val = other.val;
+                val.swap(other.val);
                 ire = other.ire;
                 ps_idx = other.ps_idx;
                 return *this;
             }
+            friend void swap(root_function& a, root_function& b) noexcept {
+                a.val.swap(b.val);
+                std::swap(a.ire, b.ire);
+                std::swap(a.ps_idx, b.ps_idx);
+            }
         };
 
         // Root functions (Theta) and the chosen relation (≼) on a given level.
@@ -267,7 +240,8 @@ namespace nlsat {
             assignment const&,
             pmanager& pm,
             anum_manager& am,
-            polynomial::cache& cache)
+            polynomial::cache& cache,
+            bool linear)
             : m_solver(solver),
               m_P(ps),
               m_n(max_x),
@@ -276,15 +250,72 @@ namespace nlsat {
               m_cache(cache),
               m_todo(m_cache, true),
               m_level_ps(m_pm),
-              m_psc_tmp(m_pm) {
+              m_psc_tmp(m_pm),
+              m_linear_cell(linear) {
             m_I.reserve(m_n);
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_n; ++i)
                 m_I.emplace_back(m_pm);
 
             m_spanning_tree_threshold = m_solver.lws_spt_threshold();
+            m_witness_subs_lc = m_solver.lws_witness_subs_lc();
+            m_witness_subs_disc = m_solver.lws_witness_subs_disc();
         }
 
-        void fail() { throw nullified_poly_exception(); }
+        // Handle a polynomial whose every coefficient evaluates to zero at the sample.
+        // Compute partial derivatives level by level. If all derivatives at a level vanish,
+        // request_factorized each of them and continue to the next level.
+        // When a non-vanishing derivative is found, request_factorized it and stop.
+        void handle_nullified_poly(polynomial_ref const& p) {
+            // Add all coefficients of p as a polynomial of x_{m_level} to m_todo.
+            unsigned deg = m_pm.degree(p, m_level);
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j <= deg; ++j) {
+                polynomial_ref coeff(m_pm.coeff(p, m_level, j), m_pm);
+                if (!coeff || is_zero(coeff) || is_const(coeff))
+                    continue;
+                request_factorized(coeff);
+            }
+
+            // Compute partial derivatives level by level. If all derivatives at a level vanish,
+            // request_factorized each of them and continue to the next level.
+            // When a non-vanishing derivative is found, request_factorized it and stop.
+            // Parallel vectors: cur_polys owns the polynomials, cur_min_var tracks the
+            // minimum variable index to differentiate by, ensuring each mixed partial
+            // is computed in non-decreasing variable order, to try avoiding the duplication of the dxdy = dydx kind.
+            polynomial_ref_vector cur_polys(m_pm);
+            svector<unsigned> cur_min_var;
+            cur_polys.push_back(p);
+            cur_min_var.push_back(0);
+            while (!cur_polys.empty()) {
+                polynomial_ref_vector next_polys(m_pm);
+                svector<unsigned> next_min_var;
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < cur_polys.size(); ++i) {
+                    polynomial_ref q(cur_polys.get(i), m_pm);
+                    unsigned mv = m_pm.max_var(q);
+                    if (mv == null_var)
+                        continue;
+                    for (unsigned x = cur_min_var[i]; x <= mv; ++x) {
+                        if (m_pm.degree(q, x) == 0)
+                            continue;
+                        polynomial_ref dq = derivative(q, x);
+                        if (!dq || is_zero(dq) || is_const(dq))
+                            continue;
+                        if (sign(dq)) {
+                            request_factorized(dq);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        next_polys.push_back(dq);
+                        next_min_var.push_back(x);
+                    }
+                }
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < next_polys.size(); ++i) {
+                    polynomial_ref dq(next_polys.get(i), m_pm);
+                    request_factorized(dq);
+                }
+                cur_polys = std::move(next_polys);
+                cur_min_var = std::move(next_min_var);
+            }
+            
+        }
 
         static void reset_interval(root_function_interval& I) {
             I.section = false;
@@ -339,51 +370,19 @@ namespace nlsat {
             return polynomial_ref(m_pm);
         }
 
-        poly* request(poly* p, inv_req req) {
-            if (!p || req == inv_req::none)
-                return p;
-            p = m_todo.insert(p);
-            unsigned id = m_pm.id(p);
-            auto cur = static_cast<inv_req>(vec_get(m_req, id, static_cast<uint8_t>(inv_req::none)));
-            inv_req nxt = max_req(cur, req);
-            if (nxt != cur)
-                vec_setx(m_req, id, static_cast<uint8_t>(nxt), static_cast<uint8_t>(inv_req::none));
-            return p;
-        }
-
-        void request_factorized(polynomial_ref const& poly, inv_req req) {
-            for_each_distinct_factor(poly, [&](polynomial_ref const& f) {
-                TRACE(lws,
-                      m_pm.display(tout << "      request_factorized: factor=", f) << " at level " << m_pm.max_var(f) << "\n";
-                    );
-                // Each irreducible factor inherits the invariance requirement.
-                // If already requested with a weaker tag, upgrade to the stronger one.
-                request(f.get(), req);
-            });
-        }
-
-        // Extract polynomials at max level from m_todo into m_level_ps.
-        // Sets m_level to the extracted level. Requirements remain in m_req.
-        void extract_max_tagged() {
-            m_level = m_todo.extract_max_polys(m_level_ps);
-            // Ensure all extracted polynomials have at least SIGN requirement
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_level_ps.size(); ++i) {
-                unsigned id = m_pm.id(m_level_ps.get(i));
-                if (vec_get(m_req, id, static_cast<uint8_t>(inv_req::none)) == static_cast<uint8_t>(inv_req::none))
-                    vec_setx(m_req, id, static_cast<uint8_t>(inv_req::sign), static_cast<uint8_t>(inv_req::none));
+        void request_factorized(polynomial_ref & poly) {
+            if (!poly || is_zero(poly) || is_const(poly))
+                return;
+            polynomial_ref_vector factors(m_pm);
+            ::nlsat::factor(poly, m_cache, factors);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < factors.size(); ++i) {
+                polynomial_ref f(factors.get(i), m_pm);
+                if (!f || is_zero(f) || is_const(f))
+                    continue;
+                TRACE(lws, m_pm.display(tout << "f:", f)<< ",";);
+                m_todo.insert(f.get());
             }
-        }
-
-        // Get the requirement for polynomial at index i in m_level_ps
-        inv_req get_req(unsigned i) const {
-            unsigned id = m_pm.id(m_level_ps.get(i));
-            return static_cast<inv_req>(vec_get(m_req, id, static_cast<uint8_t>(inv_req::sign)));
-        }
-
-        // Set the requirement for polynomial at index i in m_level_ps
-        void set_req(unsigned i, inv_req req) {
-            unsigned id = m_pm.id(m_level_ps.get(i));
-            vec_setx(m_req, id, static_cast<uint8_t>(req), static_cast<uint8_t>(inv_req::none));
+            
         }
 
         // Select a coefficient c of p (wrt x) such that c(s) != 0, or return null.
@@ -411,7 +410,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 coeff = m_pm.coeff(p, x, j);
                 if (!coeff || is_zero(coeff))
                     continue;
-                if (m_am.eval_sign_at(coeff, sample()) == 0)
+                if (sign(coeff) == 0)
                     continue;
 
                 unsigned td = total_degree(coeff);
@@ -430,25 +429,44 @@ namespace nlsat {
             return best;
         }
 
-        void add_projection_for_poly(polynomial_ref const& p, unsigned x, polynomial_ref const& nonzero_coeff, bool add_leading_coeff, bool add_discriminant) {
-            TRACE(lws,
+        ::sign sign(polynomial_ref const & p) {
+             return ::nlsat::sign(p, m_solver.sample(), m_am);
+        }
+
+        
+        void add_projection_for_poly(polynomial_ref const& p, unsigned x, polynomial_ref & nonzero_coeff, bool add_leading_coeff, bool add_discriminant) {
+               TRACE(lws,
                   m_pm.display(tout << "  add_projection_for_poly: p=", p)
                       << " x=" << x << " add_lc=" << add_leading_coeff << " add_disc=" << add_discriminant << "\n";
                 );
-            // Line 11 (non-null witness coefficient)
-            if (nonzero_coeff && !is_const(nonzero_coeff))
-                request_factorized(nonzero_coeff, inv_req::sign);
 
-            // Line 12 (disc + leading coefficient)
-            if (add_discriminant)
-                request_factorized(psc_discriminant(p, x), inv_req::ord);
+            bool add_nzero_coeff = nonzero_coeff && !is_const(nonzero_coeff);
+            
             if (add_leading_coeff) {
                 unsigned deg = m_pm.degree(p, x);
                 polynomial_ref lc(m_pm);
                 lc = m_pm.coeff(p, x, deg);
                 TRACE(lws, m_pm.display(tout << "    adding lc: ", lc) << "\n";);
-                request_factorized(lc, inv_req::sign);
+                request_factorized(lc);
+                if (add_nzero_coeff && m_witness_subs_disc && lc && sign(lc))
+                    add_nzero_coeff = false;
             }
+
+            if (add_discriminant) {
+                polynomial_ref disc(m_pm);
+                disc = psc_discriminant(p, x);
+                if (disc) {
+                    request_factorized(disc);
+                    // If p is nullified at some point then at this point discriminant well be evaluated
+                    // to zero, as can be seen from the Sylvester matrix which would
+                    // have at least one zero row.
+                    if (add_nzero_coeff && m_witness_subs_disc && sign(disc)) // we can avoid adding a nonzero_coeff if sign(disc) != 0
+                        add_nzero_coeff = false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (add_nzero_coeff)
+                request_factorized(nonzero_coeff);
         }
 
         // ============================================================================
@@ -469,8 +487,8 @@ namespace nlsat {
         // - Even if p's degree drops (LC becomes zero), existing roots remain ordered
         // - New roots can only appear "at infinity", outside the bounded cell
         //
-        // [1] Michel et al., "On Projective Delineability", arXiv:2411.13300, 2024
-        // [2] Nalbach et al., "Projective Delineability for Single Cell Construction", SC² 2025
+        // Michel et al., "On Projective Delineability", arXiv:2411.13300, 2024
+        // Nalbach et al., "Projective Delineability for Single Cell Construction", SC² 2025
         // ============================================================================
 
         // Compute side_mask: track which side(s) each polynomial appears on
@@ -939,12 +957,64 @@ namespace nlsat {
             return m_pm.id(a.ire.p) < m_pm.id(b.ire.p);
         }
 
+        // Sort an index permutation with a bounds-safe, mutation-aware merge
+        // sort. The comparator (root_function_lt / anum_manager::lt -> compare)
+        // is NOT pure: it MUTATES the algebraic numbers it compares by refining
+        // their isolating intervals, and may throw on the resource limit, so a
+        // single std::sort would be undefined behavior and can crash via an
+        // out-of-bounds read on timeout. See util/index_sort_with_mutations.h
+        // for the full rationale.
+        template<typename Less>
+        void merge_sort_perm(std_vector<unsigned>& perm, Less less) {
+            unsigned n = static_cast<unsigned>(perm.size());
+            if (n < 2)
+                return;
+            std_vector<unsigned> scratch(n);
+            stable_index_merge_sort(perm.data(), scratch.data(), n, less);
+        }
+
+        // Apply a permutation to a range of root_functions using swap cycles,
+        // avoiding the bulk anum allocations that std::sort's move operations cause.
+        void apply_permutation(std_vector<root_function>& rfs, unsigned offset, std_vector<unsigned> const& perm) {
+            std_vector<bool> done(perm.size(), false);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < perm.size(); ++i) {
+                if (done[i] || perm[i] == i)
+                    continue;
+                unsigned j = i;
+                while (!done[j]) {
+                    done[j] = true;
+                    unsigned k = perm[j];
+                    if (!done[k])
+                        swap(rfs[offset + j], rfs[offset + k]);
+                    j = k;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         void sort_root_function_partitions(std_vector<root_function>::iterator mid) {
             auto& rfs = m_rel.m_rfunc;
-            std::sort(rfs.begin(), mid,
-                      [&](root_function const& a, root_function const& b) { return root_function_lt(a, b, true); });
-            std::sort(mid, rfs.end(),
-                      [&](root_function const& a, root_function const& b) { return root_function_lt(a, b, false); });
+            unsigned mid_pos = static_cast<unsigned>(mid - rfs.begin());
+
+            // Sort lower partition [0, mid_pos) by index permutation
+            if (mid_pos > 1) {
+                std_vector<unsigned> perm(mid_pos);
+                std::iota(perm.begin(), perm.end(), 0u);
+                merge_sort_perm(perm, [&](unsigned a, unsigned b) {
+                    return root_function_lt(rfs[a], rfs[b], true);
+                });
+                apply_permutation(rfs, 0, perm);
+            }
+
+            // Sort upper partition [mid_pos, size) by index permutation
+            unsigned upper_sz = static_cast<unsigned>(rfs.size()) - mid_pos;
+            if (upper_sz > 1) {
+                std_vector<unsigned> perm(upper_sz);
+                std::iota(perm.begin(), perm.end(), 0u);
+                merge_sort_perm(perm, [&](unsigned a, unsigned b) {
+                    return root_function_lt(rfs[mid_pos + a], rfs[mid_pos + b], false);
+                });
+                apply_permutation(rfs, mid_pos, perm);
+            }
         }
 
         // Populate Θ (root functions) around the sample, partitioned at `mid`, and sort each partition.
@@ -953,6 +1023,9 @@ namespace nlsat {
             init_poly_has_roots();
 
             std_vector<root_function> lhalf, uhalf;
+            // Pre-reserve to reduce reallocation during emplace_back
+            lhalf.reserve(m_level_ps.size());
+            uhalf.reserve(m_level_ps.size());
             if (!collect_partitioned_root_functions_around_sample(v, lhalf, uhalf))
                 return false;
 
@@ -1000,6 +1073,68 @@ namespace nlsat {
             }
         }
 
+
+        void add_linear_poly_from_root(anum const& a, bool lower, polynomial_ref& p) {
+            rational r;
+            m_am.to_rational(a, r);
+            p = m_pm.mk_polynomial(m_level);
+            p = denominator(r)*p - numerator(r);
+
+            if (lower) {
+                m_I[m_level].l = p;
+                m_I[m_level].l_index = 1;
+            } else {
+                m_I[m_level].u = p;
+                m_I[m_level].u_index = 1;
+            }
+            m_level_ps.push_back(p);
+            m_poly_has_roots.push_back(true);
+            polynomial_ref w = choose_nonzero_coeff(p, m_level);
+            m_witnesses.push_back(w);
+        }
+
+        // Ensure that the interval bounds will be described by linear polynomials.
+        // If this is not already the case, the working set of polynomials is extended by
+        // new linear polynomials whose roots under-approximate the cell boundary.
+        // Based on: Valentin Promies, Jasper Nalbach, Erika Abraham and Paul Wagner
+        // "More is Less: Adding Polynomials for Faster Explanations in NLSAT" (CADE30, 2025)
+        void add_linear_approximations(anum const& v) {
+            polynomial_ref p_lower(m_pm), p_upper(m_pm);
+            auto& r = m_rel.m_rfunc;
+            // Reserve space to avoid reallocation during emplace
+            r.reserve(r.size() + 2);
+            if (m_I[m_level].is_section()) {
+                if (!m_am.is_rational(v)) {
+                    NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
+                } 
+                else if (m_pm.total_degree(m_I[m_level].l) > 1) {
+                    add_linear_poly_from_root(v, true, p_lower);
+                    // update root function ordering
+                    r.emplace((r.begin() + m_l_rf), m_am, p_lower, 1, v, m_level_ps.size()-1);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // sector: have to consider lower and upper bound
+            if (!m_I[m_level].l_inf() && m_pm.total_degree(m_I[m_level].l) > 1) {
+                scoped_anum between(m_am);
+                m_am.select(r[m_l_rf].val, v, between);
+                add_linear_poly_from_root(between, true, p_lower);
+                // update root function ordering
+                r.emplace((r.begin() + m_l_rf + 1), m_am, p_lower, 1, between, m_level_ps.size()-1);
+                ++m_l_rf;
+                if (is_set(m_u_rf))
+                    ++m_u_rf;
+            }
+            if (!m_I[m_level].u_inf() && m_pm.total_degree(m_I[m_level].u) > 1) {
+                scoped_anum between(m_am);
+                m_am.select(v, r[m_u_rf].val, between);
+                // update root function ordering
+                add_linear_poly_from_root(between, false, p_upper);
+                r.emplace((r.begin() + m_u_rf), m_am, p_upper, 1, between, m_level_ps.size()-1);
+            }
+        }
+
         // Build Θ (root functions) and pick I_level around sample(level).
         // Sets m_l_rf/m_u_rf and m_I[level].
         // Returns whether any roots were found (i.e., whether a relation can be built).
@@ -1015,6 +1150,10 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 return false;
 
             set_interval_from_root_partition(v, mid);
+
+            if (m_linear_cell)
+                add_linear_approximations(v);
+
             compute_side_mask();
             return true;
         }
@@ -1032,12 +1171,12 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 TRACE(lws,
                       tout << "      resultant poly: ";
                       if (res)
-                          m_pm.display(tout, res) << "\n      resultant sign at sample: " << m_am.eval_sign_at(res, sample());
+                          m_pm.display(tout, res) << "\n      resultant sign at sample: " << sign(res);
                       else
                           tout << "(null)";
                       tout << "\n";
                     );
-                request_factorized(res, inv_req::ord);
+                request_factorized(res);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1070,20 +1209,29 @@ namespace nlsat {
             if (root_vals.size() < 2)
                 return;
 
-            std::sort(root_vals.begin(), root_vals.end(), [&](auto const& a, auto const& b) {
-                return m_am.lt(a.first, b.first);
+            // Sort root values by an index permutation with the bounds-safe,
+            // mutation-aware merge sort (see merge_sort_perm). As in
+            // sort_root_function_partitions, the comparator (anum_manager::lt ->
+            // compare) MUTATES the algebraic numbers it compares (it refines their
+            // isolating intervals and may hit the resource limit and throw), so it is
+            // not a fixed strict weak ordering over a single sort; std::sort here would
+            // be undefined behavior and crash via an out-of-bounds read on timeout.
+            std_vector<unsigned> perm(root_vals.size());
+            std::iota(perm.begin(), perm.end(), 0u);
+            merge_sort_perm(perm, [&](unsigned a, unsigned b) {
+                return m_am.lt(root_vals[a].first, root_vals[b].first);
             });
-            
+
             TRACE(lws,
                   tout << "  Sorted roots:\n";
-                  for (unsigned j = 0; j < root_vals.size(); ++j)
-                      m_pm.display(m_am.display_decimal(tout << "    [" << j << "] val=", root_vals[j].first, 5) << " poly=", root_vals[j].second) << "\n";
+                  for (unsigned j = 0; j < perm.size(); ++j)
+                      m_pm.display(m_am.display_decimal(tout << "    [" << j << "] val=", root_vals[perm[j]].first, 5) << " poly=", root_vals[perm[j]].second) << "\n";
                 );
             
             std::set<std::pair<poly*, poly*>> added_pairs;
-            for (unsigned j = 0; j + 1 < root_vals.size(); ++j) {
-                poly* p1 = root_vals[j].second;
-                poly* p2 = root_vals[j + 1].second;
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j + 1 < perm.size(); ++j) {
+                poly* p1 = root_vals[perm[j]].second;
+                poly* p2 = root_vals[perm[j + 1]].second;
                 if (!p1 || !p2 || p1 == p2)
                     continue;
                 if (p1 > p2) std::swap(p1, p2);
@@ -1092,17 +1240,8 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 TRACE(lws,
                       m_pm.display(m_pm.display(tout << "  Adjacent resultant pair: ", p1) << " and ", p2) << "\n";
                     );
-                request_factorized(psc_resultant(p1, p2, m_n), inv_req::ord);
-            }
-        }
-
-        void upgrade_bounds_to_ord() {
-            poly* lb = m_I[m_level].l;
-            poly* ub = m_I[m_level].u;
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_level_ps.size(); ++i) {
-                poly* p = m_level_ps.get(i);
-                if (p == lb || p == ub)
-                    set_req(i, inv_req::ord);
+                polynomial_ref res = psc_resultant(p1, p2, m_n);
+                request_factorized(res);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1134,8 +1273,8 @@ namespace nlsat {
                     add_projection_for_poly(p, m_level, witness, true, true); // section poly: full projection
                 else if (has_roots.find(i) == has_roots.end())
                     add_projection_for_poly(p, m_level, witness, true, true); // no roots: need LC+disc for delineability
-                else if (witness && !is_const(witness))
-                    request_factorized(witness, inv_req::sign); // has roots: witness only
+                else 
+                    add_projection_for_poly(p, m_level, witness, false, true);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1162,7 +1301,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 // No need for an additional coefficient witness in this case.
                 polynomial_ref witness = m_witnesses[i];
                 if (add_lc && witness && !is_const(witness))
-                    if (lc && !is_zero(lc) && m_am.eval_sign_at(lc, sample()) != 0)
+                    if (lc && !is_zero(lc) && m_witness_subs_lc && sign(lc))
                         witness = polynomial_ref(m_pm);
 
                 add_projection_for_poly(p, m_level, witness, add_lc, add_disc);
@@ -1231,8 +1370,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 SASSERT(relation_invariant());
             }
 
-            upgrade_bounds_to_ord();
-            
             if (mode == projection_mode::section_biggest_cell)
                 add_section_projections();
             else
@@ -1245,12 +1382,18 @@ namespace nlsat {
             // Line 10/11: detect nullification + pick a non-zero coefficient witness per p.
             m_witnesses.clear();
             m_witnesses.reserve(m_level_ps.size());
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_level_ps.size(); ++i) {
+            // Fixpoint loop: handle_nullified_poly may add more polynomials back at m_level
+            // via request_factorized. Drain them from m_todo into m_level_ps and
+            // compute witnesses for the new entries until no more appear.
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_level_ps.size(); i++) {
                 polynomial_ref p(m_level_ps.get(i), m_pm);
                 polynomial_ref w = choose_nonzero_coeff(p, m_level);
                 if (!w)
-                    fail();
-                m_witnesses.push_back(w);
+                    handle_nullified_poly(p);
+                m_witnesses.push_back(w); // need to push anyway since m_witnesses is accessed by the index
+                // Absorb any same-level polys that handle_nullified_poly added to m_todo
+                if (i + 1 == m_level_ps.size())
+                    m_todo.extract_polys_at_level(m_level, m_level_ps);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1293,29 +1436,31 @@ namespace nlsat {
             collect_non_null_witnesses();
             add_adjacent_root_resultants();
 
-            // Projections (coeff witness, disc, leading coeff).
+            // Projection: witness, disc, lc
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_level_ps.size(); ++i) {
                 polynomial_ref p(m_level_ps.get(i), m_pm);
                 polynomial_ref lc(m_pm);
                 unsigned deg = m_pm.degree(p, m_n);
                 lc = m_pm.coeff(p, m_n, deg);
 
+                // Projective delineability optimization, Lemma 3.2 of "Projective Delineability
+                // for Single Cell Construction": if p is projectively delineable on R,
+                // ldcf(p)(s) != 0, and p has no real roots at s, then p is delineable on R
+                // without requiring sign-invariance of the leading coefficient.
+                // Projective delineability is ensured by adding the discriminant, Theorem 3.1,
+                // and non-nullification is ensured by the witness.
                 bool add_lc = true;  
-                if (!poly_has_roots(i))
-                    if (lc && !is_zero(lc) && m_am.eval_sign_at(lc, sample()) != 0)
-                        add_lc = false;
+                if (!poly_has_roots(i) && lc && !is_zero(lc) && sign(lc)) {
+                    add_lc = false;
+                    polynomial_ref null_ref(m_pm);
+                    m_witnesses[i] = null_ref;
+                }
 
-                // if the leading coefficient is already non-zero at the sample
-                // AND we're adding lc, we do not need to project an additional non-null coefficient witness.
-                polynomial_ref witness = m_witnesses[i];
-                if (add_lc && witness && !is_const(witness))
-                    if (lc && !is_zero(lc) && m_am.eval_sign_at(lc, sample()) != 0)
-                        witness = polynomial_ref(m_pm); // zero the witnsee as lc will be the witness
-                add_projection_for_poly(p, m_n, witness, add_lc, true); //true to add the discriminant
+                add_projection_for_poly(p, m_n, m_witnesses[i], add_lc, true); //true to add the discriminant
             }
         }
 
-        std_vector<root_function_interval> single_cell_work() {
+        std_vector<root_function_interval> single_cell() {
             TRACE(lws,             
                   tout << "Input polynomials (" << m_P.size() << "):\n";
                   for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_P.size(); ++i)
@@ -1332,22 +1477,20 @@ namespace nlsat {
             // Initialize m_todo with distinct irreducible factors of the input polynomials.
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_P.size(); ++i) {
                 polynomial_ref pi(m_P.get(i), m_pm);
-                for_each_distinct_factor(pi, [&](polynomial_ref const& f) {
-                    request(f.get(), inv_req::sign);
-                });
+                request_factorized(pi);
             }
 
             if (m_todo.empty()) return m_I;
 
-            // Process top level m_n (we project from x_{m_n} and do not return an interval for it).
+            // Process top level m_n :we project out from x_{m_n} and do not return an interval for it.
             if (m_todo.max_var() == m_n) {
-                extract_max_tagged();
+                m_level = m_todo.extract_max_polys(m_level_ps);
                 process_top_level();
             }
 
-            // Now iteratively process remaining levels (descending).
+            // Now iteratively process remaining levels
             while (!m_todo.empty()) {
-                extract_max_tagged();
+                m_level = m_todo.extract_max_polys(m_level_ps);                
                 SASSERT(m_level < m_n);
                 process_level();
                 TRACE(lws,
@@ -1365,15 +1508,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
             return m_I;
         }
 
-        std_vector<root_function_interval> single_cell() {
-            try {
-                return single_cell_work();
-            }
-            catch (nullified_poly_exception&) {
-                m_fail = true;
-                return m_I;
-            }
-        }
     };
 
     levelwise::levelwise(
@@ -1383,17 +1517,15 @@ namespace nlsat {
         assignment const& s,
         pmanager& pm,
         anum_manager& am,
-        polynomial::cache& cache)
-        : m_impl(new impl(solver, ps, n, s, pm, am, cache)) {}
+        polynomial::cache& cache,
+        bool linear)
+        : m_impl(new impl(solver, ps, n, s, pm, am, cache, linear)) {}
 
     levelwise::~levelwise() { delete m_impl; }
 
     std_vector<levelwise::root_function_interval> levelwise::single_cell() {
         return m_impl->single_cell();
     }
-
-    bool levelwise::failed() const { return m_impl->m_fail; }
-
 } // namespace nlsat
 
 // Free pretty-printer for symbolic_interval
diff --git a/src/nlsat/levelwise.h b/src/nlsat/levelwise.h
index 27e3793749..3bb17e5913 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/levelwise.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/levelwise.h
@@ -40,13 +40,12 @@ namespace nlsat {
         impl* m_impl;
     public:
         // Construct with polynomials ps, maximal variable max_x, current sample s, polynomial manager pm, and algebraic-number manager am
-        levelwise(nlsat::solver& solver, polynomial_ref_vector const& ps, var max_x, assignment const& s, pmanager& pm, anum_manager& am, polynomial::cache & cache);
+        levelwise(nlsat::solver& solver, polynomial_ref_vector const& ps, var max_x, assignment const& s, pmanager& pm, anum_manager& am, polynomial::cache & cache, bool linear=false);
         ~levelwise();
 
         levelwise(levelwise const&) = delete;
         levelwise& operator=(levelwise const&) = delete;
         std_vector<root_function_interval> single_cell();
-        bool failed() const;
     };
 
     //
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_assignment.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_assignment.h
index d96c8099e9..73d565142e 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_assignment.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_assignment.h
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@ namespace nlsat {
         bool contains(var x) const override { return x != m_y && m_assignment.is_assigned(x); }
         anum const & operator()(var x) const override { return m_assignment.value(x); }
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_clause.cpp b/src/nlsat/nlsat_clause.cpp
index 9543c44978..270617d057 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_clause.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_clause.cpp
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ namespace nlsat {
         return false;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_clause.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_clause.h
index 91467303cd..52afece639 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_clause.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_clause.h
@@ -66,5 +66,5 @@ namespace nlsat {
 
     typedef ptr_vector<clause> clause_vector;
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_common.cpp b/src/nlsat/nlsat_common.cpp
index 547d2660d6..bdbef32939 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_common.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_common.cpp
@@ -112,6 +112,27 @@ namespace nlsat {
         return x;
     }
 
+    unsigned todo_set::extract_polys_at_level(var x, polynomial_ref_vector& out) {
+        pmanager& pm = m_set.m();
+        unsigned sz = m_set.size();
+        unsigned j = 0;
+        unsigned count = 0;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            poly* p = m_set.get(i);
+            if (pm.max_var(p) == x) {
+                out.push_back(p);
+                m_in_set[pm.id(p)] = false;
+                ++count;
+            }
+            else {
+                m_set.set(j, p);
+                j++;
+            }
+        }
+        m_set.shrink(j);
+        return count;
+    }
+
     /**
        \brief Wrapper for factorization
     */
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_common.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_common.h
index c7864e991f..360180c4ae 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_common.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_common.h
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ namespace nlsat {
            them in max_polys. Return the maximal variable
          */
         var extract_max_polys(polynomial_ref_vector& max_polys);
+        // Extract polynomials whose max_var equals \c x, appending them to \c out.
+        // Returns the number of polynomials extracted.
+        unsigned extract_polys_at_level(var x, polynomial_ref_vector& out);
     };
 
     inline std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out, pmanager& pm, polynomial_ref const& p, display_var_proc const& proc) {
@@ -103,8 +106,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
     /**
      * Check whether all coefficients of the polynomial `s` (viewed as a polynomial
      * in its main variable) evaluate to zero under the given assignment `x2v`.
-     * This is exactly the logic used in several places in the nlsat codebase
-     * (e.g. coeffs_are_zeroes_in_factor in nlsat_explain.cpp).
      */
     inline bool coeffs_are_zeroes_on_sample(polynomial_ref const & s, pmanager & pm, assignment & x2v, anum_manager & am) {
         polynomial_ref c(pm);
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_evaluator.cpp b/src/nlsat/nlsat_evaluator.cpp
index 6520754163..9f97332bb7 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_evaluator.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_evaluator.cpp
@@ -699,4 +699,4 @@ namespace nlsat {
     void evaluator::pop(unsigned num_scopes) {
         // do nothing
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_evaluator.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_evaluator.h
index d2db3f41a6..2ea5bdc4db 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_evaluator.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_evaluator.h
@@ -57,5 +57,5 @@ namespace nlsat {
         void pop(unsigned num_scopes);
     };
     
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_explain.cpp b/src/nlsat/nlsat_explain.cpp
index dcc79bc2a4..0827af809e 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_explain.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_explain.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
         polynomial::cache &     m_cache;
         pmanager &              m_pm;
         polynomial_ref_vector   m_ps;
-        polynomial_ref_vector   m_ps2;
         polynomial_ref_vector   m_psc_tmp;
         polynomial_ref_vector   m_factors, m_factors_save;
         scoped_anum_vector      m_roots_tmp;
@@ -85,7 +84,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
             m_cache(u), 
             m_pm(u.pm()),
             m_ps(m_pm),
-            m_ps2(m_pm),
             m_psc_tmp(m_pm),
             m_factors(m_pm),
             m_factors_save(m_pm),
@@ -166,8 +164,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
         /**
            \brief Add literal p != 0 into m_result.
         */
-        ptr_vector<poly>  m_zero_fs;
-        bool_vector     m_is_even;
         struct restore_factors {
             polynomial_ref_vector&   m_factors, &m_factors_save;
             unsigned num_saved = 0;
@@ -589,25 +585,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
             return max;
         }
 
-        /**
-           \brief Move the polynomials in q in ps that do not contain x to qs.
-        */
-        void keep_p_x(polynomial_ref_vector & ps, var x, polynomial_ref_vector & qs) {
-            unsigned sz = ps.size();
-            unsigned j  = 0;
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
-                poly * q = ps.get(i);
-                if (max_var(q) != x) {
-                    qs.push_back(q);
-                }
-                else {
-                    ps.set(j, q);
-                    j++;
-                }
-            }
-            ps.shrink(j);
-        }
-
         /**
            \brief Add factors of p to todo
         */
@@ -680,48 +657,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
             }
         }
         
-        // this function also explains the value 0, if met
-        bool coeffs_are_zeroes(polynomial_ref &s) {
-            restore_factors _restore(m_factors, m_factors_save);
-            factor(s, m_cache, m_factors);
-            unsigned num_factors = m_factors.size();
-            m_zero_fs.reset();
-            m_is_even.reset();
-            polynomial_ref f(m_pm);
-            bool have_zero = false;
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_factors; ++i) {
-                f = m_factors.get(i);
-                if (coeffs_are_zeroes_on_sample(f,  m_pm, sample(), m_am)) {
-                    have_zero = true;
-                    break;
-                } 
-            }
-            if (!have_zero)
-                return false;
-            var x = max_var(f);
-            unsigned n = degree(f, x);
-            auto c = polynomial_ref(this->m_pm);
-            for (unsigned j = 0; j <= n; ++j) {
-                c = m_pm.coeff(s, x, j);
-                SASSERT(sign(c) == 0);
-                ensure_sign(c);
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-    
-
-        bool coeffs_are_zeroes_in_factor(polynomial_ref & s) {
-            var x = max_var(s);
-            unsigned n = degree(s, x);
-            auto c = polynomial_ref(this->m_pm);
-            for (unsigned j = 0; j <= n; ++j) {
-                c = m_pm.coeff(s, x, j);
-                if (nlsat::sign(c, sample(), m_am) != 0)
-                    return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
         /**
            \brief Add v-psc(p, q, x) into m_todo
         */
@@ -987,40 +922,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
             }
         }
 
-
-        /**
-           Add one or two literals that specify in which cell of variable y the current interpretation is.
-           One literal is added for the cases: 
-              - y in (-oo, min) where min is the minimal root of the polynomials p2 in ps
-                 We add literal
-                    ! (y < root_1(p2))
-              - y in (max, oo)  where max is the maximal root of the polynomials p1 in ps
-                 We add literal
-                    ! (y > root_k(p1))  where k is the number of real roots of p
-              - y = r           where r is the k-th root of a polynomial p in ps
-                 We add literal
-                    ! (y = root_k(p)) 
-           Two literals are added when
-              - y in (l, u) where (l, u) does not contain any root of polynomials p in ps, and
-                  l is the i-th root of a polynomial p1 in ps, and u is the j-th root of a polynomial p2 in ps.
-                We add literals
-                    ! (y > root_i(p1)) or !(y < root_j(p2))
-        */
-        void add_cell_lits(polynomial_ref_vector & ps, var y) {
-            cell_root_info info(m_pm);
-            find_cell_roots(ps, y, info);
-            if (info.m_has_eq) {
-                add_root_literal(atom::ROOT_EQ, y, info.m_eq_idx, info.m_eq);
-                return;
-            }
-            if (info.m_has_lower) {
-                add_root_literal(m_full_dimensional ? atom::ROOT_GE : atom::ROOT_GT, y, info.m_lower_idx, info.m_lower);
-            }
-            if (info.m_has_upper) {
-                add_root_literal(m_full_dimensional ? atom::ROOT_LE : atom::ROOT_LT, y, info.m_upper_idx, info.m_upper);
-            }
-        }
-
         /**
            \brief Return true if all polynomials in ps are univariate in x.
         */
@@ -1040,17 +941,14 @@ namespace nlsat {
            \brief Apply model-based projection operation defined in our paper.
         */
 
-        bool levelwise_single_cell(polynomial_ref_vector & ps, var max_x, polynomial::cache & cache) {
+        bool levelwise_single_cell(polynomial_ref_vector & ps, var max_x, polynomial::cache & cache, bool linear=false) {
             // Store polynomials for debugging unsound lemmas
             m_last_lws_input_polys.reset();
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++)
                 m_last_lws_input_polys.push_back(ps.get(i));
             
-            levelwise lws(m_solver, ps, max_x, sample(), m_pm, m_am, cache);
+            levelwise lws(m_solver, ps, max_x, sample(), m_pm, m_am, cache, linear);
             auto cell = lws.single_cell();
-            if (lws.failed())
-                return false;
-
             TRACE(lws, for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); i++)
                                  display(tout << "I[" << i << "]:", m_solver, cell[i]) << "\n";);
             // Enumerate all intervals in the computed cell and add literals for each non-trivial interval.
@@ -1087,7 +985,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
          * "Solving Satisfiability of Polynomial Formulas By Sample - Cell Projection"
          * https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.00409 
          */
-        void project_cdcac(polynomial_ref_vector & ps, var max_x) {
+        void project(polynomial_ref_vector & ps, var max_x) {
             bool first = true;
             if (ps.empty())
                 return;
@@ -1142,12 +1040,9 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 x = extract_max_polys(ps);
                 cac_add_cell_lits(ps, x, samples);
             }
-            
         }
 
-        void project(polynomial_ref_vector & ps, var max_x) {
-            project_cdcac(ps, max_x);
-        }
+
 
         bool check_already_added() const {
             for (bool b : m_already_added_literal) {
@@ -1705,6 +1600,38 @@ namespace nlsat {
         }
 
 
+        void compute_linear_explanation(unsigned num, literal const * ls, scoped_literal_vector & result) {
+            SASSERT(check_already_added());
+            SASSERT(num > 0);
+            SASSERT(max_var(num, ls) != 0 || m_solver.sample().is_assigned(0));
+            TRACE(nlsat_explain, 
+                  tout << "the infeasible clause:\n"; 
+                  display(tout, m_solver, num, ls) << "\n";
+                  m_solver.display_assignment(tout << "assignment:\n");
+                  );
+
+            m_result = &result;
+            m_lower_stage_polys.reset();
+            collect_polys(num, ls, m_ps);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_lower_stage_polys.size(); i++) {
+                m_ps.push_back(m_lower_stage_polys.get(i));
+            }
+            if (m_ps.empty())
+                return;
+            
+            // We call levelwise directly without normalize, simplify, elim_vanishing to preserve the original polynomials
+            var max_x = max_var(m_ps);
+            bool levelwise_ok = levelwise_single_cell(m_ps, max_x+1, m_cache, true); // max_x+1 because we have a full sample
+            SASSERT(levelwise_ok);
+            m_solver.record_levelwise_result(levelwise_ok);
+
+            reset_already_added();
+            m_result = nullptr;
+            TRACE(nlsat_explain, display(tout << "[explain] result\n", m_solver, result) << "\n";);
+            CASSERT("nlsat", check_already_added());
+        }
+
+
         void project(var x, unsigned num, literal const * ls, scoped_literal_vector & result) {
             unsigned base = result.size();
             while (true) {
@@ -1789,55 +1716,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 }
             }
         }
-        
-        
-        void project_pairs(var x, unsigned idx, polynomial_ref_vector const& ps) {
-            TRACE(nlsat_explain, tout << "project pairs\n";);
-            polynomial_ref p(m_pm);
-            p = ps.get(idx);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i) {
-                if (i != idx) {
-                    project_pair(x, ps.get(i), p);
-                }
-            }
-        }
 
-        void project_pair(var x, polynomial::polynomial* p1, polynomial::polynomial* p2) {
-            m_ps2.reset();
-            m_ps2.push_back(p1);
-            m_ps2.push_back(p2);
-            project(m_ps2, x);
-        }
-
-        void project_single(var x, polynomial::polynomial* p) {
-            m_ps2.reset();
-            m_ps2.push_back(p);
-            project(m_ps2, x);
-        }
-
-        
-        void maximize(var x, unsigned num, literal const * ls, scoped_anum& val, bool& unbounded) {
-            svector<literal> lits;
-            polynomial_ref p(m_pm);
-            split_literals(x, num, ls, lits);
-            collect_polys(lits.size(), lits.data(), m_ps);
-            unbounded = true;
-            scoped_anum x_val(m_am);
-            x_val = sample().value(x);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_ps.size(); ++i) {
-                p = m_ps.get(i);
-                scoped_anum_vector & roots = m_roots_tmp;
-                roots.reset();
-                m_am.isolate_roots(p, undef_var_assignment(sample(), x), roots);
-                for (unsigned j = 0; j < roots.size(); ++j) {
-                    int s = m_am.compare(x_val, roots[j]);
-                    if (s <= 0 && (unbounded || m_am.compare(roots[j], val) <= 0)) {
-                        unbounded = false;
-                        val = roots[j];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
 
     };
 
@@ -1883,12 +1762,12 @@ namespace nlsat {
         m_imp->compute_conflict_explanation(n, ls, result);
     }
 
-    void explain::project(var x, unsigned n, literal const * ls, scoped_literal_vector & result) {
-        m_imp->project(x, n, ls, result);
+    void explain::compute_linear_explanation(unsigned n, literal const * ls, scoped_literal_vector & result) {
+        m_imp->compute_linear_explanation(n, ls, result);
     }
 
-    void explain::maximize(var x, unsigned n, literal const * ls, scoped_anum& val, bool& unbounded) {
-        m_imp->maximize(x, n, ls, val, unbounded);
+    void explain::project(var x, unsigned n, literal const * ls, scoped_literal_vector & result) {
+        m_imp->project(x, n, ls, result);
     }
 
     void explain::display_last_lws_input(std::ostream& out) {
@@ -1905,7 +1784,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
         m_imp->test_root_literal(k, y, i, p, result);
     }
 
-};
+}
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
 #include <iostream>
 void pp(nlsat::explain::imp & ex, unsigned num, nlsat::literal const * ls) {
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_explain.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_explain.h
index 3ff4fb982e..44279e8bba 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_explain.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_explain.h
@@ -66,6 +66,12 @@ namespace nlsat {
         */
         void compute_conflict_explanation(unsigned n, literal const * ls, scoped_literal_vector & result);
 
+        /**
+           \brief A variant of compute_conflict_explanation, but all resulting literals s_i are linear.
+           This is achieved by adding new polynomials during the projection, thereby under-approximating
+           the computed cell.
+        */
+        void compute_linear_explanation(unsigned n, literal const * ls, scoped_literal_vector & result);
         
         /**
            \brief projection for a given variable.
@@ -91,18 +97,6 @@ namespace nlsat {
          */
         void project(var x, unsigned n, literal const * ls, scoped_literal_vector & result);
 
-        /**
-           Maximize the value of x (locally) under the current assignment to other variables and
-           while maintaining the assignment to the literals ls.
-           Set unbounded to 'true' if the value of x is unbounded.
-
-           Precondition: the set of literals are true in the current model.
-
-           By local optimization we understand that x is increased to the largest value within
-           the signs delineated by the roots of the polynomials in ls.
-         */
-        void maximize(var x, unsigned n, literal const * ls, scoped_anum& val, bool& unbounded);
-
         /**
            Print the polynomials that were passed to levelwise in the last call (for debugging).
          */
@@ -114,4 +108,4 @@ namespace nlsat {
         void test_root_literal(atom::kind k, var y, unsigned i, poly* p, scoped_literal_vector & result);
     };
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_interval_set.cpp b/src/nlsat/nlsat_interval_set.cpp
index dc5740e103..580aae781a 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_interval_set.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_interval_set.cpp
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
         new_set->m_full = full;
         new_set->m_ref_count  = 0;
         new_set->m_num_intervals = sz;
-        memcpy(new_set->m_intervals, buf.data(), sizeof(interval)*sz);
+        memcpy(static_cast<void*>(new_set->m_intervals), static_cast<const void*>(buf.data()), sizeof(interval)*sz);
         return new_set;
     }
 
@@ -794,4 +794,4 @@ namespace nlsat {
             out << "*";
         return out;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_interval_set.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_interval_set.h
index 263ab8a103..4efd0c3678 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_interval_set.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_interval_set.h
@@ -118,5 +118,5 @@ namespace nlsat {
         return out;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_justification.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_justification.h
index d9567ebf93..55501a8aff 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_justification.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_justification.h
@@ -106,5 +106,5 @@ namespace nlsat {
             a.deallocate(obj_sz, ptr);
         }
     }
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_params.pyg b/src/nlsat/nlsat_params.pyg
index 1ab305984b..048fcf5218 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_params.pyg
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_params.pyg
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ def_module_params('nlsat',
                           ('zero_disc', BOOL, False, "add_zero_assumption to the vanishing discriminant."),
                           ('known_sat_assignment_file_name', STRING, "", "the file name of a known solution: used for debugging only"),
                           ('lws', BOOL, True, "apply levelwise."),
-                          ('lws_spt_threshold', UINT, 2, "minimum both-side polynomial count to apply spanning tree optimization; < 2 disables spanning tree"),
+                          ('lws_spt_threshold', UINT, 4, "minimum both-side polynomial count to apply spanning tree optimization; < 2 disables spanning tree"),
+                          ('lws_witness_subs_lc', BOOL, True, "try substitute the non-nullified witness by the lc"),
+                          ('lws_witness_subs_disc', BOOL, True, "try substitute the non-nullified witness by the discriminant"),
                           ('canonicalize', BOOL, True, "canonicalize polynomials.")
                           ))                  
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_scoped_literal_vector.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_scoped_literal_vector.h
index d67805c156..ee3a4acd9c 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_scoped_literal_vector.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_scoped_literal_vector.h
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@ namespace nlsat {
         operator literal const &() const { return m_lit; }
         void neg() { m_lit.neg(); }
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_simplify.cpp b/src/nlsat/nlsat_simplify.cpp
index e1c10d5f51..08e5c3d58b 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_simplify.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_simplify.cpp
@@ -826,4 +826,4 @@ namespace nlsat {
         (*m_imp)();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_solver.cpp b/src/nlsat/nlsat_solver.cpp
index ca7e8a2f31..074b159484 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_solver.cpp
@@ -250,7 +250,9 @@ namespace nlsat {
         std::string m_debug_known_solution_file_name;
         bool m_apply_lws;
         bool m_last_conflict_used_lws = false;  // Track if last conflict explanation used levelwise
-        unsigned m_lws_spt_threshold = 3;
+        unsigned m_lws_spt_threshold  = 3;
+        bool m_lws_witness_subs_lc    = true;
+        bool m_lws_witness_subs_disc  = false;
         imp(solver& s, ctx& c):
             m_ctx(c),
             m_solver(s),
@@ -312,6 +314,8 @@ namespace nlsat {
             m_debug_known_solution_file_name = p.known_sat_assignment_file_name();
             m_apply_lws = p.lws();
             m_lws_spt_threshold = p.lws_spt_threshold();  // 0 disables spanning tree
+            m_lws_witness_subs_lc = p. lws_witness_subs_lc();
+            m_lws_witness_subs_disc = p.lws_witness_subs_disc();
             m_check_lemmas |= !(m_debug_known_solution_file_name.empty());
   
             m_ism.set_seed(m_random_seed);
@@ -1092,7 +1096,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
         }
 
         // Helper: Display unsound lemma failure information
-        void display_unsound_lemma(imp& checker, scoped_bool_vars& tr, unsigned n, literal const* cls) {
+        void display_unsound_lemma(imp& checker, scoped_bool_vars& tr, unsigned n, literal const* cls, lazy_justification const* jst = nullptr) {
             verbose_stream() << "\n";
             verbose_stream() << "========== UNSOUND LEMMA DETECTED ==========\n";
             verbose_stream() << "Levelwise used for this conflict: " << (m_last_conflict_used_lws ? "YES" : "NO") << "\n";
@@ -1134,10 +1138,26 @@ namespace nlsat {
                 verbose_stream() << " = " << checker.value(tlit) << "\n";
             }
             verbose_stream() << "=============================================\n";
+            if (jst) {
+                verbose_stream() << "Initial justification (lazy_justification):\n";
+                verbose_stream() << "  Num literals: " << jst->num_lits() << "\n";
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < jst->num_lits(); ++i) {
+                    verbose_stream() << "  jst lit[" << i << "]: ";
+                    display(verbose_stream(), jst->lit(i));
+                    verbose_stream() << "\n";
+                }
+                verbose_stream() << "  Num clauses: " << jst->num_clauses() << "\n";
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < jst->num_clauses(); ++i) {
+                    verbose_stream() << "  jst clause[" << i << "]: ";
+                    display(verbose_stream(), jst->clause(i));
+                    verbose_stream() << "\n";
+                }
+                verbose_stream() << "=============================================\n";
+            }
             verbose_stream() << "ABORTING: Unsound lemma detected!\n";
         }
 
-        void check_lemma(unsigned n, literal const* cls, assumption_set a) {
+        void check_lemma(unsigned n, literal const* cls, assumption_set a, lazy_justification const* jst = nullptr) {
             TRACE(nlsat, display(tout << "check lemma: ", n, cls) << "\n";
                   display(tout););
             
@@ -1180,7 +1200,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
                     verbose_stream() << "Dumping lemma that internal checker thinks is not a tautology:\n";
                     verbose_stream() << "Checker levelwise calls: " << checker.m_stats.m_levelwise_calls << "\n";
                     log_lemma(verbose_stream(), n, cls, true, "internal-check-fail");
-                    display_unsound_lemma(checker, tr, n, cls);
+                    display_unsound_lemma(checker, tr, n, cls, jst);
                     exit(1);
                 }
             }
@@ -2136,6 +2156,62 @@ namespace nlsat {
             m_assignment.reset();
         }
 
+        lbool check(assignment const& rvalues, literal_vector& clause) {
+            // temporarily set m_assignment to the given one
+            assignment tmp = m_assignment;
+            m_assignment.reset();
+            m_assignment.copy(rvalues);
+
+            // check whether the asserted atoms are satisfied by rvalues
+            literal best_literal = null_literal;
+            lbool satisfied = l_true;
+            for (auto cp : m_clauses) {
+                auto& c = *cp;
+                bool is_false = all_of(c, [&](literal l) { return const_cast<imp*>(this)->value(l) == l_false; });
+                bool is_true = any_of(c, [&](literal l) { return const_cast<imp*>(this)->value(l) == l_true; });
+                if (is_true)
+                    continue;                
+                
+                if (!is_false) {
+                    satisfied = l_undef;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // take best literal from c
+                for (literal l : c) {
+                    if (best_literal == null_literal) {
+                        best_literal = l;
+                    } 
+                    else {
+                        bool_var b_best = best_literal.var();
+                        bool_var b_l = l.var();
+                        if (degree(m_atoms[b_l]) < degree(m_atoms[b_best])) {
+                            best_literal = l;
+                        }
+                        // TODO: there might be better criteria than just the degree in the main variable.
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (best_literal == null_literal)
+                return satisfied;
+
+            // assignment does not satisfy the constraints -> create lemma
+            SASSERT(best_literal != null_literal);
+            clause.reset();
+            m_lazy_clause.reset();
+            m_explain.compute_linear_explanation(1, &best_literal, m_lazy_clause);
+
+            for (auto l : m_lazy_clause) {
+                clause.push_back(l);
+            }
+            clause.push_back(~best_literal);
+
+            m_assignment.reset();
+            m_assignment.copy(tmp);
+            return l_false;
+        }
+
         lbool check(literal_vector& assumptions) {
             literal_vector result;
             unsigned sz = assumptions.size();
@@ -2402,7 +2478,7 @@ namespace nlsat {
             if (m_check_lemmas) {
                 TRACE(nlsat, tout << "Checking lazy clause with " << m_lazy_clause.size() << " literals:\n";
                       display(tout, m_lazy_clause.size(), m_lazy_clause.data()) << "\n";);
-                check_lemma(m_lazy_clause.size(), m_lazy_clause.data(), nullptr);
+                check_lemma(m_lazy_clause.size(), m_lazy_clause.data(), nullptr, &jst);
                 m_valids.push_back(mk_clause_core(m_lazy_clause.size(), m_lazy_clause.data(), false, nullptr));
             }
             
@@ -4399,6 +4475,10 @@ namespace nlsat {
         return m_imp->check(assumptions);
     }
 
+    lbool solver::check(assignment const& rvalues, literal_vector& clause) {
+        return m_imp->check(rvalues, clause);
+    }
+
     void solver::get_core(vector<assumption, false>& assumptions) {
         return m_imp->get_core(assumptions);
     }
@@ -4700,9 +4780,8 @@ namespace nlsat {
     assumption solver::join(assumption a, assumption b) {
         return (m_imp->m_asm.mk_join(static_cast<imp::_assumption_set>(a), static_cast<imp::_assumption_set>(b)));
     }
-
     bool solver::apply_levelwise() const { return m_imp->m_apply_lws; }
-
     unsigned solver::lws_spt_threshold() const { return m_imp->m_lws_spt_threshold; }
-
-};
+    bool solver::lws_witness_subs_lc() const { return m_imp->m_lws_witness_subs_lc; }
+    bool solver::lws_witness_subs_disc() const { return m_imp->m_lws_witness_subs_disc; }
+}
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_solver.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_solver.h
index 566a7c09e9..21d9e42538 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_solver.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_solver.h
@@ -219,6 +219,19 @@ namespace nlsat {
 
         lbool check(literal_vector& assumptions);
 
+        //
+        // check satisfiability of asserted formulas relative to state of the nlsat solver.
+        // produce either,
+        // l_true - a model is available (rvalues can be ignored) or,
+        // l_false - a clause (not core v not cell) excluding a cell around rvalues if core (consisting of atoms
+        // passed to nlsat) is asserted.
+        // l_undef - if the search was interrupted by a resource limit.
+        // clause is a list of literals. Their disjunction is valid.
+        // Different implementations of check are possible. One where cell comprises of linear polynomials could
+        // produce lemmas that are friendly to linear arithmetic solvers.
+        //
+        lbool check(assignment const& rvalues, literal_vector& clause);
+
         // -----------------------
         //
         // Model
@@ -249,6 +262,8 @@ namespace nlsat {
         assignment& sample(); 
         bool apply_levelwise() const;
         unsigned lws_spt_threshold() const;
+        bool lws_witness_subs_lc() const;
+        bool lws_witness_subs_disc() const;
         void reset();
         void collect_statistics(statistics & st);
         void reset_statistics();
@@ -301,4 +316,4 @@ namespace nlsat {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_types.cpp b/src/nlsat/nlsat_types.cpp
index 42c41cec14..f2fe6f4287 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_types.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_types.cpp
@@ -67,4 +67,4 @@ namespace nlsat {
         return a1->m_kind == a2->m_kind && a1->m_x == a2->m_x && a1->m_i == a2->m_i && a1->m_p == a2->m_p;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/nlsat/nlsat_types.h b/src/nlsat/nlsat_types.h
index be8f625c92..ee3b2935bf 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/nlsat_types.h
+++ b/src/nlsat/nlsat_types.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Revision History:
 namespace algebraic_numbers {
     class anum;
     class manager;
-};
+}
 
 namespace nlsat {
 #define NLSAT_VB_LVL 10
@@ -204,5 +204,5 @@ namespace nlsat {
         if (s == 0) return 0;
         return 1;
     }
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/nlsat/tactic/nlsat_tactic.cpp b/src/nlsat/tactic/nlsat_tactic.cpp
index c47a586f8f..c12c295707 100644
--- a/src/nlsat/tactic/nlsat_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/nlsat/tactic/nlsat_tactic.cpp
@@ -133,8 +133,7 @@ class nlsat_tactic : public tactic {
             return ok;
         }
 
-        void operator()(goal_ref const & g, 
-                        goal_ref_buffer & result) {
+        void operator()(goal_ref const & g, goal_ref_buffer & result) {
             tactic_report report("nlsat", *g);
             
             if (g->is_decided()) {
diff --git a/src/opt/CMakeLists.txt b/src/opt/CMakeLists.txt
index 21075d88cb..85b7163063 100644
--- a/src/opt/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/opt/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-z3_add_component(opt
+z3_add_component(z3_opt
   SOURCES
     maxcore.cpp
     maxlex.cpp
diff --git a/src/opt/maxcore.h b/src/opt/maxcore.h
index 283fee8506..f16904a21b 100644
--- a/src/opt/maxcore.h
+++ b/src/opt/maxcore.h
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@ namespace opt {
 
     maxsmt_solver_base* mk_primal_dual_maxres(maxsat_context& c, unsigned id, vector<soft>& soft);
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/opt/maxlex.h b/src/opt/maxlex.h
index fc30b1fd88..4cfa35fe49 100644
--- a/src/opt/maxlex.h
+++ b/src/opt/maxlex.h
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ namespace opt {
     maxsmt_solver_base* mk_maxlex(maxsat_context& c, unsigned id, vector<soft>& soft);
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/opt/maxsmt.cpp b/src/opt/maxsmt.cpp
index d1d1506714..665b739783 100644
--- a/src/opt/maxsmt.cpp
+++ b/src/opt/maxsmt.cpp
@@ -380,12 +380,12 @@ namespace opt {
         params_ref& params() override { return m_params; }
         void enable_sls(bool force) override { } // no op
         symbol const& maxsat_engine() const override { return m_maxsat_engine; }
-        void get_base_model(model_ref& _m) override { _m = m_model; };  
+        void get_base_model(model_ref& _m) override { _m = m_model; }  
         smt::context& smt_context() override { 
             throw default_exception("stand-alone maxsat context does not support wmax"); 
         }
         unsigned num_objectives() override { return 1; }
-        bool verify_model(unsigned id, model* mdl, rational const& v) override { return true; };
+        bool verify_model(unsigned id, model* mdl, rational const& v) override { return true; }
         void set_model(model_ref& _m) override { m_model = _m; }
         void model_updated(model* mdl) override { } // no-op
         rational adjust(unsigned id, rational const& r) override {
@@ -419,4 +419,4 @@ namespace opt {
         }
         return r;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/opt/maxsmt.h b/src/opt/maxsmt.h
index 7e75cde450..ca73437d5d 100644
--- a/src/opt/maxsmt.h
+++ b/src/opt/maxsmt.h
@@ -211,5 +211,5 @@ namespace opt {
         model_ref get_model() { return m_model; }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_context.cpp b/src/opt/opt_context.cpp
index 8bfef7f244..b3a1661d67 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_context.cpp
+++ b/src/opt/opt_context.cpp
@@ -948,8 +948,10 @@ namespace opt {
             g->assert_expr(fml);
         for (expr * a : asms) 
             g->assert_expr(a, a);
+        params_ref som_params(m_params);
+        som_params.set_bool("som", true);
         tactic_ref tac0 = 
-            and_then(mk_simplify_tactic(m, m_params), 
+            and_then(mk_simplify_tactic(m, som_params), 
                      mk_propagate_values_tactic(m),
                      m_incremental ? mk_skip_tactic() : mk_solve_eqs_tactic(m),
                      mk_simplify_tactic(m));   
@@ -1743,7 +1745,7 @@ namespace opt {
         m_pareto1 = p != nullptr;
     }
 
-    void context::collect_statistics(statistics& stats) const {
+    void context::collect_statistics_core(statistics& stats) const {
         if (m_solver) 
             m_solver->collect_statistics(stats);
         if (m_simplify) 
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_context.h b/src/opt/opt_context.h
index 2d6c329c09..95bb33d862 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_context.h
+++ b/src/opt/opt_context.h
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ namespace opt {
         void get_model_core(model_ref& _m) override;
         void get_box_model(model_ref& _m, unsigned index) override;
         void fix_model(model_ref& _m) override;
-        void collect_statistics(statistics& stats) const override;
+        void collect_statistics_core(statistics& stats) const override;
         proof* get_proof_core() override { return nullptr; }
         void get_labels(svector<symbol> & r) override;
         void get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector & r) override;
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_cores.cpp b/src/opt/opt_cores.cpp
index 049a64da23..7948cdd502 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_cores.cpp
+++ b/src/opt/opt_cores.cpp
@@ -394,4 +394,4 @@ namespace opt {
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_cores.h b/src/opt/opt_cores.h
index 6dda34fd78..7ba4166913 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_cores.h
+++ b/src/opt/opt_cores.h
@@ -68,4 +68,4 @@ namespace opt {
 
         void updt_params(params_ref& p);
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_lns.cpp b/src/opt/opt_lns.cpp
index 019a60b532..5133ac8c6c 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_lns.cpp
+++ b/src/opt/opt_lns.cpp
@@ -269,4 +269,4 @@ namespace opt {
         return r;
     } 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_lns.h b/src/opt/opt_lns.h
index 1bc27f9b13..4dc24d05c6 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_lns.h
+++ b/src/opt/opt_lns.h
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ namespace opt {
         void set_conflicts(unsigned c) { m_max_conflicts = c; }
         unsigned climb(model_ref& mdl);
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_preprocess.cpp b/src/opt/opt_preprocess.cpp
index 2e1b780707..3a4a712eb0 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_preprocess.cpp
+++ b/src/opt/opt_preprocess.cpp
@@ -238,4 +238,4 @@ namespace opt {
             return false;
         return true;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_preprocess.h b/src/opt/opt_preprocess.h
index 71e06eb2c6..21c9efde9c 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_preprocess.h
+++ b/src/opt/opt_preprocess.h
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ namespace opt {
         preprocess(solver& s);
         bool operator()(vector<soft>& soft, rational& lower);
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_sls_solver.h b/src/opt/opt_sls_solver.h
index c7a0cd9983..a360de329e 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_sls_solver.h
+++ b/src/opt/opt_sls_solver.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace opt {
         virtual void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) {
             m_solver->collect_param_descrs(r);
         }
-        virtual void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const {
+        virtual void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const {
             m_solver->collect_statistics(st);
             if (m_bvsls) m_bvsls->collect_statistics(st);
             if (m_pbsls) m_pbsls->collect_statistics(st);
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_solver.cpp b/src/opt/opt_solver.cpp
index b058c58b77..ac167a4d7b 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/opt/opt_solver.cpp
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ namespace opt {
         m_context.collect_param_descrs(r);
     }
     
-    void opt_solver::collect_statistics(statistics & st) const {        
+    void opt_solver::collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const {        
         m_context.collect_statistics(st);
     }
     
     void opt_solver::assert_expr_core(expr * t) {
-        m_last_model = nullptr;
+        m_model = nullptr;
         if (has_quantifiers(t)) {
             m_params.m_relevancy_lvl = 2;
         }
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ namespace opt {
                        verbose_stream().flush(););
         }
         lbool r;
-        m_last_model = nullptr;
+        m_model = nullptr;
         if (m_first && num_assumptions == 0 && m_context.get_scope_level() == 0) {
             r = m_context.setup_and_check();
         }
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@ namespace opt {
         }
         r = adjust_result(r);
         if (r == l_true) {
-            m_context.get_model(m_last_model);
-            if (m_models.size() == 1)
-                m_models.set(0, m_last_model.get());
+            m_context.get_model(m_model);
+            if (m_objective_models.size() == 1)
+                m_objective_models.set(0, m_model.get());
         }
         m_first = false;
         if (dump_benchmarks()) {
@@ -200,36 +200,76 @@ namespace opt {
     }
 
     bool opt_solver::maximize_objectives1(expr_ref_vector& blockers) {
-        expr_ref blocker(m);
+        // Save the baseline model before any push/pop corrupts LP state.
+        // Push/pop isolates SMT assertions but does not restore LP column
+        // values, so maximize may return stale values for non-linear
+        // objectives like mod.  The baseline model serves as a floor.
+        model_ref baseline_model;
+        m_context.get_model(baseline_model);
+
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_objective_vars.size(); ++i) {
-            // Push context to isolate each objective's optimization.
-            // This prevents bounds created during one objective's optimization
-            // from affecting subsequent objectives (fixes issue #7677).
-            m_context.push();
-
-            if (!maximize_objective(i, blocker)) {
-                m_context.pop(1);
+            expr_ref blocker(m);
+            if (!maximize_objective_isolated(i, baseline_model, blocker))
                 return false;
-            }
-
-            // Save results before popping
-            inf_eps val = m_objective_values[i];
-            model_ref mdl;
-            if (m_models[i])
-                mdl = m_models[i];
-
-            m_context.pop(1);
-
-            // Restore the computed values after pop
-            m_objective_values[i] = val;
-            if (mdl)
-                m_models.set(i, mdl.get());
-
             blockers.push_back(blocker);
         }
         return true;
     }
 
+    // Maximize objective[i] inside a push/pop scope so that bounds from
+    // one objective do not leak into subsequent ones, fixes #7677.
+    // baseline_model is the satisfying model obtained before optimization
+    // and guards against LP state corruption for non-linear objectives
+    // like mod, fixes #9012.
+    bool opt_solver::maximize_objective_isolated(unsigned i, model_ref& baseline_model, expr_ref& blocker) {
+        m_context.push();
+
+        if (!maximize_objective(i, blocker)) {
+            m_context.pop(1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Save results before popping
+        inf_eps val = m_objective_values[i];
+        model_ref mdl;
+        if (m_objective_models[i])
+            mdl = m_objective_models[i];
+
+        m_context.pop(1);
+
+        // Restore the computed values after pop
+        m_objective_values[i] = val;
+        if (mdl)
+            m_objective_models.set(i, mdl.get());
+
+        // The baseline model may witness a greater value than the LP
+        // optimizer returned, e.g. for non-linear objectives like mod
+        // where the LP relaxation overshoots and restore_x falls back
+        // to a stale assignment: use the model value as the floor value.
+        if (baseline_model)
+            update_from_baseline_model(i, baseline_model, blocker);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // If baseline_model evaluates objective i to a value better than the
+    // current optimum, adopt that value and update the blocker.
+    void opt_solver::update_from_baseline_model(unsigned i, model_ref& baseline_model, expr_ref& blocker) {
+        arith_util a(m);
+        rational r;
+        expr_ref obj_val = (*baseline_model)(m_objective_terms.get(i));
+        if (a.is_numeral(obj_val, r) && inf_eps(r) > m_objective_values[i]) {
+            m_objective_values[i] = inf_eps(r);
+            if (!m_objective_models[i])
+                m_objective_models.set(i, baseline_model.get());
+            expr* obj = m_objective_terms.get(i);
+            if (a.is_int(obj))
+                blocker = a.mk_ge(obj, a.mk_numeral(r + 1, true));
+            else
+                blocker = a.mk_ge(obj, a.mk_numeral(r, false));
+        }
+    }
+
     lbool opt_solver::find_mutexes(expr_ref_vector const& vars, vector<expr_ref_vector>& mutexes) {
         return m_context.find_mutexes(vars, mutexes);
     }
@@ -261,7 +301,7 @@ namespace opt {
     bool opt_solver::maximize_objective(unsigned i, expr_ref& blocker) {
         smt::theory_var v = m_objective_vars[i];
         bool has_shared = false;
-        m_last_model = nullptr;
+        m_model = nullptr;
         blocker = nullptr;
         //
         // compute an optimization hint.
@@ -270,21 +310,37 @@ namespace opt {
         // relative to other theories.
         // 
         inf_eps val = get_optimizer().maximize(v, blocker, has_shared);
-        m_context.get_model(m_last_model);
+        m_context.get_model(m_model);
         inf_eps val2;
         has_shared = true;
         TRACE(opt, tout << (has_shared?"has shared":"non-shared") << " " << val << " " << blocker << "\n";
-              if (m_last_model) tout << *m_last_model << "\n";);
-        if (!m_models[i]) 
-            m_models.set(i, m_last_model.get());
+              if (m_model) tout << *m_model << "\n";);
+        if (!m_objective_models[i]) 
+            m_objective_models.set(i, m_model.get());
 
         TRACE(opt, tout << "maximize " << i << " " << val << " " << m_objective_values[i] << " " << blocker << "\n";);
-        if (val > m_objective_values[i]) {
-            m_objective_values[i] = val;
-        }
+        //
+        // Do NOT commit 'val' to m_objective_values yet: 'val' is only an
+        // optimization hint from the arithmetic relaxation.  When the
+        // objective shares symbols with other theories (e.g. it occurs inside
+        // an uninterpreted function such as the auxiliary function used to
+        // encode large 'distinct' constraints) the hint can over-estimate the
+        // true optimum and may not be achievable by any model.  Committing it
+        // prematurely and then failing validation (check_bound below) would
+        // leave m_objective_values holding an unachievable bound that callers
+        // such as optsmt::geometric_lex report as the optimum, together with a
+        // model that does not attain it (issue #10028).  The value is only
+        // committed after it has been validated, or replaced by the value of
+        // an actual model in update_objective().
+        //
 
-        if (!m_last_model)
+        if (!m_model) {
+            // Without a model there is nothing to validate 'val' against; keep
+            // the previous behavior of adopting the (possibly infinite) hint.
+            if (val > m_objective_values[i])
+                m_objective_values[i] = val;
             return true;
+        }
 
         //
         // retrieve value of objective from current model and update 
@@ -292,7 +348,7 @@ namespace opt {
         // 
         auto update_objective = [&]() {
             rational r;
-            expr_ref value = (*m_last_model)(m_objective_terms.get(i));
+            expr_ref value = (*m_model)(m_objective_terms.get(i));
             if (arith_util(m).is_numeral(value, r) && r > m_objective_values[i])
                 m_objective_values[i] = inf_eps(r);   
         };
@@ -313,12 +369,12 @@ namespace opt {
         }
         else if (m_context.get_context().update_model(has_shared)) {
             TRACE(opt, tout << "updated\n";);
-            m_last_model = nullptr;
-            m_context.get_model(m_last_model);
-            if (!m_last_model)
+            m_model = nullptr;
+            m_context.get_model(m_model);
+            if (!m_model)
                 return false;
             else if (!has_shared || val == current_objective_value(i))
-                m_models.set(i, m_last_model.get());
+                m_objective_models.set(i, m_model.get());
             else if (!check_bound())
                 return false;
         }
@@ -329,8 +385,8 @@ namespace opt {
                 tout << "objective:     " << mk_pp(m_objective_terms.get(i), m) << "\n";
                 tout << "maximal value: " << val << "\n"; 
                 tout << "new condition: " << blocker << "\n";
-                if (m_models[i]) model_smt2_pp(tout << "update model:\n", m, *m_models[i], 0); 
-                if (m_last_model) model_smt2_pp(tout << "last model:\n", m, *m_last_model, 0);
+                if (m_objective_models[i]) model_smt2_pp(tout << "update model:\n", m, *m_objective_models[i], 0); 
+                if (m_model) model_smt2_pp(tout << "current model:\n", m, *m_model, 0);
             });
         return true;
     }
@@ -342,8 +398,8 @@ namespace opt {
         lbool is_sat = m_context.check(0, nullptr);
         is_sat = adjust_result(is_sat);
         if (is_sat == l_true) {
-            m_context.get_model(m_last_model);
-            m_models.set(i, m_last_model.get());
+            m_context.get_model(m_model);
+            m_objective_models.set(i, m_model.get());
         }
         pop_core(1);
         return is_sat == l_true;
@@ -366,13 +422,13 @@ namespace opt {
     }
 
     void opt_solver::get_model_core(model_ref & m) {  
-        if (m_last_model.get()) {
-            m = m_last_model.get();
+        if (m_model.get()) {
+            m = m_model.get();
             return;
         }
 
-        for (unsigned i = m_models.size(); i-- > 0; ) {
-            auto* mdl = m_models[i];
+        for (unsigned i = m_objective_models.size(); i-- > 0; ) {
+            auto* mdl = m_objective_models[i];
             if (mdl) {
                 TRACE(opt, tout << "get " << i << "\n" << *mdl << "\n";);
                 m = mdl;
@@ -380,7 +436,7 @@ namespace opt {
             }
         }        
         TRACE(opt, tout << "get last\n";);
-        m = m_last_model.get();
+        m = m_model.get();
     }
     
     proof * opt_solver::get_proof_core() {
@@ -422,7 +478,7 @@ namespace opt {
         m_objective_vars.push_back(v);
         m_objective_values.push_back(inf_eps(rational::minus_one(), inf_rational()));
         m_objective_terms.push_back(term);
-        m_models.push_back(nullptr);
+        m_objective_models.push_back(nullptr);
         return v;
     }
     
@@ -453,13 +509,19 @@ namespace opt {
 
         if (typeid(smt::theory_inf_arith) == typeid(opt)) {
             smt::theory_inf_arith& th = dynamic_cast<smt::theory_inf_arith&>(opt); 
-            return th.mk_ge(m_fm, v, val);
+            // Pass the original value (with its negative infinitesimal, if any):
+            // theory_inf_arith's bounds are inf_rational and represent a strict
+            // supremum r - delta faithfully as the lower bound (r, -1), which is
+            // required to validate a strict maximization optimum.
+            return th.mk_ge(m_fm, v, _val);
         }
 
         if (typeid(smt::theory_mi_arith) == typeid(opt)) {
             smt::theory_mi_arith& th = dynamic_cast<smt::theory_mi_arith&>(opt); 
-            SASSERT(val.is_finite());
-            return th.mk_ge(m_fm, v, val.get_numeral());
+            SASSERT(_val.is_finite());
+            // As above: theory_mi_arith's bounds are inf_rational, so pass the
+            // delta-rational value through unprojected for faithful validation.
+            return th.mk_ge(m_fm, v, _val.get_numeral());
         }
 
         if (typeid(smt::theory_i_arith) == typeid(opt)) {
@@ -493,8 +555,13 @@ namespace opt {
 
         if (typeid(smt::theory_lra) == typeid(opt)) {
             smt::theory_lra& th = dynamic_cast<smt::theory_lra&>(opt); 
-            SASSERT(val.is_finite());
-            return th.mk_ge(m_fm, v, val.get_numeral());            
+            SASSERT(_val.is_finite());
+            // Pass the ORIGINAL value (with its negative infinitesimal, if any):
+            // theory_lra faithfully encodes a lower bound v >= r - delta, which
+            // is required to validate a strict maximization supremum.  'val'
+            // above has had a negative infinitesimal projected away for the
+            // benefit of theories that cannot represent it.
+            return th.mk_ge(m_fm, v, _val.get_numeral());
         }
 
         // difference logic?
diff --git a/src/opt/opt_solver.h b/src/opt/opt_solver.h
index a409e573af..4af90f7181 100644
--- a/src/opt/opt_solver.h
+++ b/src/opt/opt_solver.h
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ namespace opt {
         generic_model_converter& m_fm;
         progress_callback * m_callback;
         symbol              m_logic;
-        model_ref           m_last_model;
+        model_ref           m_model;
         svector<smt::theory_var>  m_objective_vars;
         vector<inf_eps>     m_objective_values;
-        sref_vector<model>  m_models;
+        sref_vector<model>  m_objective_models;
         expr_ref_vector     m_objective_terms;
         bool                m_dump_benchmarks;
         static unsigned     m_dump_count;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace opt {
         solver* translate(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) override;
         void updt_params(params_ref const& p) override;
         void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override;
-        void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override;
+        void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override;
         void assert_expr_core(expr * t) override;
         void push_core() override;
         void pop_core(unsigned n) override;
@@ -167,9 +167,11 @@ namespace opt {
         void reset_objectives();
         bool maximize_objective(unsigned i, expr_ref& blocker);
         bool maximize_objectives1(expr_ref_vector& blockers);
+        bool maximize_objective_isolated(unsigned i, model_ref& baseline_model, expr_ref& blocker);
+        void update_from_baseline_model(unsigned i, model_ref& baseline_model, expr_ref& blocker);
         inf_eps const & saved_objective_value(unsigned obj_index);
         inf_eps current_objective_value(unsigned obj_index);
-        model* get_model_idx(unsigned obj_index) { return m_models[obj_index]; }
+        model* get_model_idx(unsigned obj_index) { return m_objective_models[obj_index]; }
 
         bool was_unknown() const { return m_was_unknown; }
 
diff --git a/src/opt/optsmt.cpp b/src/opt/optsmt.cpp
index cc4b5a3d4d..5a2b4457b0 100644
--- a/src/opt/optsmt.cpp
+++ b/src/opt/optsmt.cpp
@@ -202,15 +202,19 @@ namespace opt {
         }
     }
 
-    lbool optsmt::geometric_lex(unsigned obj_index, bool is_maximize) {
+    lbool optsmt::geometric_lex(unsigned obj_index, bool is_maximize, bool is_box) {
         TRACE(opt, tout << "index: " << obj_index << " is-max: " << is_maximize << "\n";);
         arith_util arith(m);
         bool is_int = arith.is_int(m_objs.get(obj_index));
         lbool is_sat = l_true;
         expr_ref bound(m), last_bound(m);
 
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < obj_index; ++i) 
-            commit_assignment(i);
+        // In lex mode, commit previous objectives so that earlier objectives
+        // constrain later ones. In box mode, skip this so each objective
+        // is optimized independently.
+        if (!is_box)
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < obj_index; ++i) 
+                commit_assignment(i);
 
         unsigned steps = 0;
         unsigned step_incs = 0;
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ namespace opt {
                   if (is_sat == l_true) m_s->display(tout);
                   );
             if (is_sat == l_true) {                
-                m_s->maximize_objective(obj_index, bound);
+                bool bound_valid = m_s->maximize_objective(obj_index, bound);
                 m_s->get_model(m_model);
                 SASSERT(m_model);
                 inf_eps obj = m_s->saved_objective_value(obj_index);
@@ -246,14 +250,28 @@ namespace opt {
                 else {
                     ++steps;
                 }
-                if (delta_per_step > rational::one() || (obj == last_objective && is_int)) {
+                // When maximize_objective could not validate its arithmetic
+                // hint (bound_valid == false), the blocker it produced refers to
+                // that unachievable hint and must not be used.  'obj' now holds
+                // the value of an actual model, so replace the blocker with a
+                // model-derived tightening so the search keeps making progress
+                // toward the true optimum instead of terminating prematurely
+                // (issue #10028).
+                if (!bound_valid || delta_per_step > rational::one() || (obj == last_objective && is_int)) {
                     m_s->push();
                     ++num_scopes;
                     bound = m_s->mk_ge(obj_index, obj + inf_eps(delta_per_step));
                 }
                 last_objective = obj;
                 if (bound == last_bound) {
-                    break;
+                    // LP didn't produce a new blocker. If the model-based lower bound
+                    // is strictly better than what the LP found, use it to push the LP
+                    // further. This handles cases where nonlinear constraints, mod,
+                    // to_int, prevent the LP from seeing the full feasible region.
+                    if (m_lower[obj_index].is_finite() && m_lower[obj_index] > obj)
+                        bound = m_s->mk_ge(obj_index, m_lower[obj_index]);
+                    if (bound == last_bound)
+                        break;
                 }
                 m_s->assert_expr(bound);
                 last_bound = bound;
@@ -284,9 +302,9 @@ namespace opt {
 
         // set the solution tight.
         m_upper[obj_index] = m_lower[obj_index];    
-        for (unsigned i = obj_index+1; i < m_lower.size(); ++i) {
-            m_lower[i] = inf_eps(rational(-1), inf_rational(0));
-        }
+        if (!is_box)
+            for (unsigned i = obj_index+1; i < m_lower.size(); ++i)
+                m_lower[i] = inf_eps(rational(-1), inf_rational(0));
         return l_true;
     }
 
@@ -527,15 +545,28 @@ namespace opt {
         if (m_vars.empty()) {
             return is_sat;
         }
-        // assertions added during search are temporary.
-        solver::scoped_push _push(*m_s);
-        if (m_optsmt_engine == symbol("symba")) {
-            is_sat = symba_opt();
+        // In box mode, optimize each objective independently.
+        // Each objective gets its own push/pop scope so that bounds
+        // from one objective do not constrain another.
+        // Note: geometric_lex is used unconditionally here, even when
+        // m_optsmt_engine is "symba", because symba_opt and geometric_opt
+        // optimize all objectives jointly, violating box mode semantics.
+        //
+        m_context.get_base_model(m_best_model);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_vars.size() && m.inc(); ++i) {
+            // Reset bounds for objective i so that update_lower_lex
+            // contamination from earlier objectives does not affect it.
+            m_lower[i] = inf_eps(rational(-1), inf_rational(0));
+            m_upper[i] = inf_eps(rational(1), inf_rational(0));
+            solver::scoped_push _push(*m_s);
+            is_sat = geometric_lex(i, true, true);
+            if (is_sat == l_undef)
+                return l_undef;
+            if (is_sat == l_false)
+                return l_false;
+            m_models.set(i, m_best_model.get());
         }
-        else {
-            is_sat = geometric_opt();
-        }
-        return is_sat;
+        return l_true;
     }
 
 
diff --git a/src/opt/optsmt.h b/src/opt/optsmt.h
index 80dd4e5f7a..385392a1dc 100644
--- a/src/opt/optsmt.h
+++ b/src/opt/optsmt.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace opt {
 
         lbool symba_opt();
 
-        lbool geometric_lex(unsigned idx, bool is_maximize);
+        lbool geometric_lex(unsigned idx, bool is_maximize, bool is_box = false);
 
         void set_max(vector<inf_eps>& dst, vector<inf_eps> const& src, expr_ref_vector& fmls);
 
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@ namespace opt {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/opt/pb_sls.h b/src/opt/pb_sls.h
index 6537574698..b511a45efa 100644
--- a/src/opt/pb_sls.h
+++ b/src/opt/pb_sls.h
@@ -44,5 +44,5 @@ namespace smt {
     };
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/params/CMakeLists.txt b/src/params/CMakeLists.txt
index 732430fe35..9aea5b9187 100644
--- a/src/params/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/params/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ z3_add_component(params
     seq_rewriter_params.pyg
     sls_params.pyg
     smt_params_helper.pyg
-    smt_parallel_params.pyg
     solver_params.pyg
     tactic_params.pyg
   EXTRA_REGISTER_MODULE_HEADERS
diff --git a/src/params/bv_rewriter_params.pyg b/src/params/bv_rewriter_params.pyg
index 04c5824852..aa4af90bc9 100644
--- a/src/params/bv_rewriter_params.pyg
+++ b/src/params/bv_rewriter_params.pyg
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ def_module_params(module_name='rewriter',
                           ("elim_sign_ext", BOOL, True, "expand sign-ext operator using concat and extract"),
                           ("hi_div0", BOOL, True, "use the 'hardware interpretation' for division by zero (for bit-vector terms)"),
                           ("mul2concat", BOOL, False, "replace multiplication by a power of two into a concatenation"),
-                          ("bv_sort_ac", BOOL, False, "sort the arguments of all AC operators"),
+                          ("bv_sort_ac", BOOL, True, "sort the arguments of all AC operators"),
                           ("bv_extract_prop", BOOL, False, "attempt to partially propagate extraction inwards"),
                           ("bv_not_simpl", BOOL, False, "apply simplifications for bvnot"),
                           ("bv_ite2id", BOOL, False, "rewrite ite that can be simplified to identity"),
diff --git a/src/params/pattern_inference_params.cpp b/src/params/pattern_inference_params.cpp
index 0e548c8961..98943431a6 100644
--- a/src/params/pattern_inference_params.cpp
+++ b/src/params/pattern_inference_params.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ void pattern_inference_params::updt_params(params_ref const & _p) {
     m_pi_non_nested_arith_weight = p.non_nested_arith_weight();
     m_pi_pull_quantifiers        = p.pull_quantifiers();
     m_pi_warnings                = p.warnings();
+    m_pi_avoid_skolems = p.avoid_skolems();
 }
 
 #define DISPLAY_PARAM(X) out << #X"=" << X << '\n';
@@ -48,4 +49,5 @@ void pattern_inference_params::display(std::ostream & out) const {
     DISPLAY_PARAM(m_pi_nopat_weight);
     DISPLAY_PARAM(m_pi_avoid_skolems);
     DISPLAY_PARAM(m_pi_warnings);
+    DISPLAY_PARAM(m_pi_avoid_skolems);
 }
diff --git a/src/params/pattern_inference_params_helper.pyg b/src/params/pattern_inference_params_helper.pyg
index 80d36e3ec1..81495c8913 100644
--- a/src/params/pattern_inference_params_helper.pyg
+++ b/src/params/pattern_inference_params_helper.pyg
@@ -11,4 +11,5 @@ def_module_params(class_name='pattern_inference_params_helper',
                           ('arith_weight', UINT, 5, 'default weight for quantifiers where the only available pattern has nested arithmetic terms'),
                           ('non_nested_arith_weight', UINT, 10, 'default weight for quantifiers where the only available pattern has non nested arithmetic terms'),
                           ('pull_quantifiers', BOOL, True, 'pull nested quantifiers, if no pattern was found'),
+                          ('avoid_skolems', BOOL, True, 'avoid skolem functions when computing patterns'),
                           ('warnings', BOOL, False, 'enable/disable warning messages in the pattern inference module')))
diff --git a/src/params/smt_parallel_params.pyg b/src/params/smt_parallel_params.pyg
deleted file mode 100644
index 2dfebd2fcb..0000000000
--- a/src/params/smt_parallel_params.pyg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-def_module_params('smt_parallel', 
-                  export=True,
-                  description='Experimental parameters for parallel solving',
-                  params=(
-                        ('inprocessing', BOOL, False, 'integrate in-processing as a heuristic simplification'),
-                        ('sls', BOOL, False, 'add sls-tactic as a separate worker thread outside the search tree parallelism'),
-              ))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/params/smt_params.cpp b/src/params/smt_params.cpp
index a80483d0f9..bd58aeb311 100644
--- a/src/params/smt_params.cpp
+++ b/src/params/smt_params.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ void smt_params::updt_local_params(params_ref const & _p) {
     m_random_seed = p.random_seed();
     m_relevancy_lvl = p.relevancy();
     m_ematching   = p.ematching();
+    m_ho_matching = p.ho_matching();
+    m_ho_matching_bound = p.ho_matching_bound();
+    m_term_enumeration = p.term_enumeration();
     m_induction   = p.induction();
     m_clause_proof = p.clause_proof();
     m_phase_selection = static_cast<phase_selection>(p.phase_selection());
diff --git a/src/params/smt_params.h b/src/params/smt_params.h
index 68ab50ffee..3d696504ee 100644
--- a/src/params/smt_params.h
+++ b/src/params/smt_params.h
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ struct smt_params : public preprocessor_params,
     bool             m_display_features = false;
     bool             m_new_core2th_eq = true;
     bool             m_ematching = true;
+    bool             m_ho_matching = false;
+    unsigned         m_ho_matching_bound = 10000;
+    bool             m_term_enumeration = true;
     bool             m_induction = false;
     bool             m_clause_proof = false;
     symbol           m_proof_log;
diff --git a/src/params/smt_params_helper.pyg b/src/params/smt_params_helper.pyg
index 451a079642..67c19ae9f1 100644
--- a/src/params/smt_params_helper.pyg
+++ b/src/params/smt_params_helper.pyg
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ def_module_params(module_name='smt',
                           ('quasi_macros', BOOL, False, 'try to find universally quantified formulas that are quasi-macros'),
                           ('restricted_quasi_macros', BOOL, False, 'try to find universally quantified formulas that are restricted quasi-macros'),
                           ('ematching', BOOL, True, 'E-Matching based quantifier instantiation'),
+                          ('ho_matching', BOOL, False, 'higher-order matching for quantifier instantiation'),
+                          ('ho_matching_bound', UINT, 10000, 'per-problem expansion-step budget of the higher-order matching search; bounds the (undecidable) HO unification to guarantee termination'),
+                          ('term_enumeration', BOOL, False, 'use term enumeration to populate instantiation sets for higher-order variables during model-based quantifier instantiation'),
                           ('phase_selection', UINT, 3, 'phase selection heuristic: 0 - always false, 1 - always true, 2 - phase caching, 3 - phase caching conservative, 4 - phase caching conservative 2, 5 - random, 6 - number of occurrences, 7 - theory'),
 	                  ('phase_caching_on', UINT, 400, 'number of conflicts while phase caching is on'),
 	                  ('phase_caching_off', UINT, 100, 'number of conflicts while phase caching is off'),
@@ -21,6 +24,7 @@ def_module_params(module_name='smt',
                           ('elim_unconstrained', BOOL, True, 'pre-processing: eliminate unconstrained subterms'),
                           ('solve_eqs', BOOL, True, 'pre-processing: solve equalities'),
                           ('solve_eqs.non_ground', BOOL, True, 'pre-processing: solve equalities. Allow eliminating variables by non-ground solutions which can break behavior for model evaluation.'),
+			  ('solve_eqs.linear', BOOL, False, 'allow only linear substitutions where a variable is replaced by a term having at most one non-constant argument'),
                           ('propagate_values', BOOL, True, 'pre-processing: propagate values'),
                           ('bound_simplifier', BOOL, True, 'apply bounds simplification during pre-processing'),
                           ('pull_nested_quantifiers', BOOL, False, 'pre-processing: pull nested quantifiers'),
@@ -60,12 +64,16 @@ def_module_params(module_name='smt',
                           ('arith.solver', UINT, 6, 'arithmetic solver: 0 - no solver, 1 - bellman-ford based solver (diff. logic only), 2 - simplex based solver, 3 - floyd-warshall based solver (diff. logic only) and no theory combination 4 - utvpi, 5 - infinitary lra, 6 - lra solver'),
                           ('arith.nl', BOOL, True, '(incomplete) nonlinear arithmetic support based on Groebner basis and interval propagation, relevant only if smt.arith.solver=2'),
                           ('arith.nl.nra', BOOL, True, 'call nra_solver when incremental linearization does not produce a lemma, this option is ignored when arith.nl=false, relevant only if smt.arith.solver=6'),
+                          ('arith.nl.nra_check_assignment', BOOL, True, 'call check_assignment in nra_solver to verify current assignment against nlsat constraints'),
+                          ('arith.nl.nra_check_assignment_max_fail', UINT, 7, 'maximum consecutive check_assignment failures before disabling it'),
                           ('arith.nl.branching', BOOL, True, 'branching on integer variables in non linear clusters'),
                           ('arith.nl.expensive_patching', BOOL, False, 'use the expensive of monomials'),
                           ('arith.nl.rounds', UINT, 1024, 'threshold for number of (nested) final checks for non linear arithmetic, relevant only if smt.arith.solver=2'),
                           ('arith.nl.order', BOOL, True, 'run order lemmas'),
+                          ('arith.nl.order.binomial_sign', BOOL, True, 'run order_lemma_on_binomial_sign; disabling it keeps the structural order-lemma splitting'),
                           ('arith.nl.expp', BOOL, False, 'expensive patching'),
                           ('arith.nl.tangents', BOOL, True, 'run tangent lemmas'),
+                          ('arith.nl.tangents.box_corners', BOOL, False, 'choose tangent-plane points at the bound-box corners instead of the model-centered val(x) +/- delta; produces the McCormick under/over envelope and is deterministic and snapshot-independent'),
                           ('arith.nl.horner', BOOL, True, 'run horner\'s heuristic'),
                           ('arith.nl.horner_subs_fixed', UINT, 2, '0 - no subs, 1 - substitute, 2 - substitute fixed zeros only'),
                           ('arith.nl.horner_frequency', UINT, 4, 'horner\'s call frequency'),
@@ -81,9 +89,13 @@ def_module_params(module_name='smt',
                           ('arith.nl.grobner_propagate_quotients', BOOL, True, 'detect conflicts x*y + z = 0 where x doesn\'t divide z'),
                           ('arith.nl.grobner_gcd_test', BOOL, True, 'detect gcd conflicts for polynomial powers x^k - y = 0'),
                           ('arith.nl.grobner_exp_delay', BOOL, True, 'use exponential delay between grobner basis attempts'),
+                          ('arith.nl.grobner_adaptive', BOOL, False, 'scale grobner growth knobs (eqs/size/degree/max_simplified) up on productive runs and down on misses'),
                           ('arith.nl.gr_q', UINT, 10, 'grobner\'s quota'),
                           ('arith.nl.grobner_subs_fixed', UINT, 1, '0 - no subs, 1 - substitute, 2 - substitute fixed zeros only'),   
                           ('arith.nl.grobner_expand_terms', BOOL, True, 'expand terms before computing grobner basis'),
+                          ('arith.nl.monomial_sandwich', BOOL, False, 'derive bound on a monomial factor by pairing two LP rows that share the other factor'),
+                          ('arith.nl.monomial_sandwich.max_fanout', UINT, 0, 'skip monomial sandwich when the conclusion factor appears in more than this many monomials (0 = no limit)'),
+                          ('arith.nl.monomial_binomial_sign', BOOL, False, 'derive bound on a binomial-monomial factor anchored on the current LP value of the monomial; replaces order_lemma_on_binomial_sign with a deterministic factor bound conditioned on a one-sided snapshot of the monomial value'),
                           ('arith.nl.reduce_pseudo_linear', BOOL, True, 'create incremental linearization axioms for pseudo-linear monomials'),
                           ('arith.nl.delay', UINT, 10, 'number of calls to final check before invoking bounded nlsat check'),
                           ('arith.nl.propagate_linear_monomials', BOOL, True, 'propagate linear monomials'),
@@ -128,6 +140,8 @@ def_module_params(module_name='smt',
                           ('seq.validate', BOOL, False, 'enable self-validation of theory axioms created by seq theory'),
                           ('seq.max_unfolding', UINT, 1000000000, 'maximal unfolding depth for checking string equations and regular expressions'),
                           ('seq.min_unfolding', UINT, 1, 'initial bound for strings whose lengths are bounded by iterative deepening. Set this to a higher value if there are only models with larger string lengths'),
+                          ('seq.regex_factorization_threshold', UINT, 10, 'maximum number of cases to factor a regex into in a single step'),
+                          ('seq.regex_factorization_enabled', BOOL, False, 'apply regex factorization (sigma splitting)'),
                           ('theory_aware_branching', BOOL, False, 'Allow the context to use extra information from theory solvers regarding literal branching prioritization.'),
                           ('sls.enable', BOOL, False, 'enable sls co-processor with SMT engine'),
                           ('sls.parallel', BOOL, True, 'use sls co-processor in parallel or sequential with SMT engine'),
diff --git a/src/params/theory_seq_params.cpp b/src/params/theory_seq_params.cpp
index 54bf691620..960f145a66 100644
--- a/src/params/theory_seq_params.cpp
+++ b/src/params/theory_seq_params.cpp
@@ -23,4 +23,6 @@ void theory_seq_params::updt_params(params_ref const & _p) {
     m_seq_validate = p.seq_validate();
     m_seq_max_unfolding = p.seq_max_unfolding();
     m_seq_min_unfolding = p.seq_min_unfolding();
+    m_seq_regex_factorization_enabled = p.seq_regex_factorization_enabled();
+    m_seq_regex_factorization_threshold = p.seq_regex_factorization_threshold();
 }
diff --git a/src/params/theory_seq_params.h b/src/params/theory_seq_params.h
index f964088eb8..067a65a663 100644
--- a/src/params/theory_seq_params.h
+++ b/src/params/theory_seq_params.h
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ struct theory_seq_params {
     bool m_seq_validate = false;
     unsigned m_seq_max_unfolding = UINT_MAX/4;
     unsigned m_seq_min_unfolding = 1;
+    bool m_seq_regex_factorization_enabled = false;
+    unsigned m_seq_regex_factorization_threshold = 1;
 
     theory_seq_params(params_ref const & p = params_ref()) {
         updt_params(p);
diff --git a/src/parsers/smt2/smt2parser.cpp b/src/parsers/smt2/smt2parser.cpp
index 3f04ad9f0b..15f1721b16 100644
--- a/src/parsers/smt2/smt2parser.cpp
+++ b/src/parsers/smt2/smt2parser.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast/bv_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/well_sorted.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/rewriter.h"
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ namespace smt2 {
         symbol               m_forall;
         symbol               m_exists;
         symbol               m_lambda;
+        symbol               m_choice;
         symbol               m_as;
         symbol               m_not;
         symbol               m_root_obj;
@@ -156,12 +158,14 @@ namespace smt2 {
             unsigned m_expr_spos;
             unsigned m_param_spos;
             bool     m_as_sort;
-            app_frame(symbol const & f, unsigned expr_spos, unsigned param_spos, bool as_sort):
+            bool     m_expr_head;
+            app_frame(symbol const & f, unsigned expr_spos, unsigned param_spos, bool as_sort, bool expr_head = false):
                 expr_frame(EF_APP),
                 m_f(f),
                 m_expr_spos(expr_spos),
                 m_param_spos(param_spos),
-                m_as_sort(as_sort) {}
+                m_as_sort(as_sort),
+                m_expr_head(expr_head) {}
         };
 
         struct quant_frame : public expr_frame {
@@ -420,6 +424,11 @@ namespace smt2 {
         bool curr_id_is_forall() const { SASSERT(curr_is_identifier()); return curr_id() == m_forall; }
         bool curr_id_is_exists() const { SASSERT(curr_is_identifier()); return curr_id() == m_exists; }
         bool curr_id_is_lambda() const { SASSERT(curr_is_identifier()); return curr_id() == m_lambda; }
+        bool curr_id_is_choice() const {
+            SASSERT(curr_is_identifier());
+            return curr_id() == m_choice;
+        }
+        
         bool curr_id_is_bang() const { SASSERT(curr_is_identifier()); return curr_id() == m_bang; }
         bool curr_id_is_let() const { SASSERT(curr_is_identifier()); return curr_id() == m_let; }
         bool curr_id_is_root_obj() const { SASSERT(curr_is_identifier()); return curr_id() == m_root_obj; }
@@ -1354,10 +1363,11 @@ namespace smt2 {
 
         void push_quant_frame(quantifier_kind k) {
             SASSERT(curr_is_identifier());
-            SASSERT(curr_id_is_forall() || curr_id_is_exists() || curr_id_is_lambda());
+            SASSERT(curr_id_is_forall() || curr_id_is_exists() || curr_id_is_lambda() || curr_id_is_choice());
             SASSERT((k == forall_k) == curr_id_is_forall());
             SASSERT((k == exists_k) == curr_id_is_exists());
             SASSERT((k == lambda_k) == curr_id_is_lambda());
+            SASSERT((k == choice_k) == curr_id_is_choice());
             next();
             void * mem      = m_stack.allocate(sizeof(quant_frame));
             new (mem) quant_frame(k, pattern_stack().size(), nopattern_stack().size(), symbol_stack().size(),
@@ -1817,8 +1827,12 @@ namespace smt2 {
         void check_qualifier(expr * t, bool has_as) {
             if (has_as) {
                 sort * s = sort_stack().back();
-                if (s != t->get_sort())
-                    throw parser_exception("invalid qualified identifier, sort mismatch");
+                if (s != t->get_sort()) {
+                    std::ostringstream str;
+                    str << "sort mismatch in qualified identifier, expected: " << mk_pp(s, m())
+                        << ", got: " << mk_pp(t->get_sort(), m());
+                    throw parser_exception(str.str());
+                }
                 sort_stack().pop_back();
             }
         }
@@ -1884,23 +1898,7 @@ namespace smt2 {
             sexpr_stack().pop_back();
         }
 
-        void push_app_frame() {
-            SASSERT(curr_is_lparen() || curr_is_identifier());
-            unsigned param_spos  = m_param_stack.size();
-            unsigned expr_spos  = expr_stack().size();
-            bool has_as, is_lambda;
-            auto f = parse_qualified_identifier(has_as, is_lambda);
-
-            void * mem      = m_stack.allocate(sizeof(app_frame));
-            new (mem) app_frame(f, expr_spos, param_spos, has_as);
-            m_num_expr_frames++;
-            if (is_lambda) 
-                push_quant_frame(lambda_k);            
-        }
-
-        void push_expr_frame(expr_frame * curr) {
-            SASSERT(curr_is_lparen());
-            next();
+        void push_expr_frame_core(expr_frame * curr) {
             TRACE(push_expr_frame, tout << "push_expr_frame(), curr(): " << m_curr << "\n";);
             if (curr_is_identifier()) {
                 TRACE(push_expr_frame, tout << "push_expr_frame(), curr_id(): " << curr_id() << "\n";);
@@ -1916,6 +1914,9 @@ namespace smt2 {
                 else if (curr_id_is_lambda()) {
                     push_quant_frame(lambda_k);
                 }
+                else if (curr_id_is_choice()) {
+                    push_quant_frame(choice_k);
+                }
                 else if (curr_id_is_bang()) {
                     push_bang_frame(curr);
                 }
@@ -1940,6 +1941,49 @@ namespace smt2 {
             }
         }
 
+        void push_app_frame() {
+            SASSERT(curr_is_lparen() || curr_is_identifier());
+            unsigned param_spos  = m_param_stack.size();
+            unsigned expr_spos  = expr_stack().size();
+            bool has_as = false, is_lambda = false;
+            symbol f = symbol::null;
+            bool expr_head = false;
+
+            if (curr_is_lparen()) {
+                next();
+                if (curr_is_identifier() && curr_id_is_lambda()) {
+                    is_lambda = true;
+                    f = symbol("select");
+                }
+                else if (curr_is_identifier() && (curr_id_is_underscore() || curr_id_is_as())) {
+                    f = parse_qualified_identifier_core(has_as);
+                }
+                else {
+                    expr_head = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                f = parse_qualified_identifier(has_as, is_lambda);
+            }
+
+            void * mem = m_stack.allocate(sizeof(app_frame));
+            auto* frame = new (mem) app_frame(f, expr_spos, param_spos, has_as, expr_head);
+            m_num_expr_frames++;
+
+            if (is_lambda) {
+                push_quant_frame(lambda_k);
+            }
+            else if (expr_head) {
+                push_expr_frame_core(frame);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void push_expr_frame(expr_frame * curr) {
+            SASSERT(curr_is_lparen());
+            next();
+            push_expr_frame_core(curr);
+        }
+
         void pop_app_frame(app_frame * fr) {
             SASSERT(expr_stack().size() >= fr->m_expr_spos);
             SASSERT(m_param_stack.size() >= fr->m_param_spos);
@@ -1948,15 +1992,15 @@ namespace smt2 {
             unsigned num_args    = expr_stack().size() - fr->m_expr_spos;
             unsigned num_indices = m_param_stack.size() - fr->m_param_spos;
             expr_ref t_ref(m());
-            local l;
-            if (m_env.find(fr->m_f, l)) {
-                push_local(l);
-                t_ref = expr_stack().back();
-                for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+            if (fr->m_expr_head) {
+                if (num_args < 2)
+                    throw parser_exception("invalid function application, arguments missing");
+                t_ref = expr_stack().get(fr->m_expr_spos);
+                for (unsigned i = 1; i < num_args; ++i) {
                     expr* arg = expr_stack().get(fr->m_expr_spos + i);
                     expr* args[2] = { t_ref.get(), arg };
-                    m_ctx.mk_app(symbol("select"), 
-                                 2, 
+                    m_ctx.mk_app(symbol("select"),
+                                 2,
                                  args,
                                  0,
                                  nullptr,
@@ -1965,13 +2009,31 @@ namespace smt2 {
                 }
             }
             else {
-                m_ctx.mk_app(fr->m_f,
-                             num_args,
-                             expr_stack().data() + fr->m_expr_spos,
-                             num_indices,
-                             m_param_stack.data() + fr->m_param_spos,
-                             fr->m_as_sort ? sort_stack().back() : nullptr,
-                             t_ref);
+                local l;
+                if (m_env.find(fr->m_f, l)) {
+                    push_local(l);
+                    t_ref = expr_stack().back();
+                    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
+                        expr* arg = expr_stack().get(fr->m_expr_spos + i);
+                        expr* args[2] = { t_ref.get(), arg };
+                        m_ctx.mk_app(symbol("select"),
+                                     2,
+                                     args,
+                                     0,
+                                     nullptr,
+                                     nullptr,
+                                     t_ref);
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    m_ctx.mk_app(fr->m_f,
+                                 num_args,
+                                 expr_stack().data() + fr->m_expr_spos,
+                                 num_indices,
+                                 m_param_stack.data() + fr->m_param_spos,
+                                 fr->m_as_sort ? sort_stack().back() : nullptr,
+                                 t_ref);
+                }
             }
             expr_stack().shrink(fr->m_expr_spos);
             m_param_stack.shrink(fr->m_param_spos);
@@ -2057,7 +2119,7 @@ namespace smt2 {
                 fr->m_qid = symbol((unsigned)m_scanner.get_line());
             if (fr->m_kind != lambda_k && !m().is_bool(expr_stack().back()))
                 throw parser_exception("quantifier body must be a Boolean expression");
-            quantifier* new_q = m().mk_quantifier(fr->m_kind,
+            quantifier* new_q = m().mk_quantifier(fr->m_kind == choice_k ? lambda_k : fr->m_kind,
                                       num_decls,
                                       sort_stack().data() + fr->m_sort_spos,
                                       symbol_stack().data() + fr->m_sym_spos,
@@ -2078,8 +2140,11 @@ namespace smt2 {
             m_env.end_scope();
             SASSERT(num_decls <= m_num_bindings);
             m_num_bindings -= num_decls;
-
-            expr_stack().push_back(new_q);
+            if (fr->m_kind == choice_k) {
+                expr_stack().push_back(array_util(m()).mk_choice(new_q));
+            }
+            else 
+                expr_stack().push_back(new_q);
             m_stack.deallocate(fr);
             m_num_expr_frames--;
         }
@@ -3084,6 +3149,7 @@ namespace smt2 {
             m_forall("forall"),
             m_exists("exists"),
             m_lambda("lambda"),
+            m_choice("choice"),
             m_as("as"),
             m_not("not"),
             m_root_obj("root-obj"),
@@ -3267,7 +3333,7 @@ namespace smt2 {
     };
 
     void free_parser(parser * p) { dealloc(p); }
-};
+}
 
 bool parse_smt2_commands(cmd_context & ctx, std::istream & is, bool interactive, params_ref const & ps, char const * filename) {
     smt2::parser p(ctx, is, interactive, ps, filename);
@@ -3292,5 +3358,3 @@ sexpr_ref parse_sexpr(cmd_context& ctx, std::istream& is, params_ref const& ps,
     return p.parse_sexpr_ref();
     
 }
-
-
diff --git a/src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.cpp b/src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.cpp
index f7c44f8afe..d6edcd0fb0 100644
--- a/src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.cpp
+++ b/src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.cpp
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ namespace smt2 {
             if (m_at_eof)
                 return;
             if (c == '\n') {
-                new_line();
                 next();
+                new_line();
                 return;
             }
             next();
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ namespace smt2 {
             if (m_at_eof)
                 return;
             if (c == '\n') {
-                new_line();
                 next();
+                new_line();
                 continue;
             }
             next();
@@ -403,5 +403,5 @@ namespace smt2 {
         m_bend = 0;
         next();
     }
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.h b/src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.h
index dd1aa04c06..fa37870ae3 100644
--- a/src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.h
+++ b/src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.h
@@ -104,6 +104,6 @@ namespace smt2 {
         char const * cached_str(unsigned begin, unsigned end);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/qe/lite/qe_lite_tactic.cpp b/src/qe/lite/qe_lite_tactic.cpp
index 9a4ba46bc4..774c619cfc 100644
--- a/src/qe/lite/qe_lite_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/qe/lite/qe_lite_tactic.cpp
@@ -2236,6 +2236,21 @@ class qe_lite::impl {
             if (q->get_kind() != lambda_k) {
                 m_imp(indices, true, result);
             }
+            // After eq_der + FM, try to expand remaining bounded
+            // integer quantifiers into finite disjunctions.
+            // If expansion succeeds, the result is quantifier-free
+            // so we return it directly without re-wrapping.
+            if (is_exists(q) || is_forall(q)) {
+                expr_ref expanded(m);
+                if (m_imp.try_expand_bounded_quantifier(q, result, expanded)) {
+                    if (is_forall(q))
+                        expanded = push_not(expanded);
+                    m_imp.m_rewriter(expanded, result, result_pr);
+                    if (m.proofs_enabled())
+                        result_pr = m.mk_rewrite(q, result);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
             if (is_forall(q)) {
                 result = push_not(result);
             }
@@ -2271,6 +2286,8 @@ private:
     th_rewriter  m_rewriter;
 
     bool m_use_array_der;
+    static const unsigned EXPAND_BOUND_LIMIT = 10000;
+
     bool has_unique_non_ground(expr_ref_vector const& fmls, unsigned& index) {
         index = fmls.size();
         if (index <= 1) {
@@ -2287,6 +2304,207 @@ private:
         return index < fmls.size();
     }
 
+    // Try to extract a tight integer bound from a conjunct for de Bruijn variable idx.
+    // Returns true if the conjunct is a bound for var(idx).
+    // Sets is_lower=true for lower bounds, is_lower=false for upper bounds.
+    // Sets bound_val to the bound value, inclusive.
+    bool extract_var_bound(expr* e, unsigned idx, unsigned num_decls, arith_util& a_util,
+                           bool& is_lower, rational& bound_val) {
+        expr *atom, *lhs, *rhs;
+        rational val;
+        bool is_neg = m.is_not(e, atom);
+        if (is_neg)
+            e = atom;
+
+        // Normalize ge/gt to le/lt by swapping operands: a >= b <=> b <= a, a > b <=> b < a.
+        bool strict;
+        if (a_util.is_le(e, lhs, rhs))      strict = false;
+        else if (a_util.is_ge(e, lhs, rhs)) { std::swap(lhs, rhs); strict = false; }
+        else if (a_util.is_lt(e, lhs, rhs)) strict = true;
+        else if (a_util.is_gt(e, lhs, rhs)) { std::swap(lhs, rhs); strict = true; }
+        else return false;
+
+        // Defensive. Pre-condition happens to be established in current calling context.
+        if (!a_util.is_int(lhs))
+            return false;
+
+        // After normalization: lhs <= rhs (strict=false) or lhs < rhs (strict=true).
+        // Strict inequalities tighten the inclusive bound by 1.
+        bool var_on_left = is_var(lhs) && to_var(lhs)->get_idx() == idx && a_util.is_numeral(rhs, val);
+        if (!var_on_left && !(is_var(rhs) && to_var(rhs)->get_idx() == idx && a_util.is_numeral(lhs, val)))
+            return false;        
+
+        // var_on_left: var <= val (upper bound), adjusted for strict.
+        // var_on_right: val <= var (lower bound), adjusted for strict.
+        is_lower  = !var_on_left;
+        bound_val = var_on_left ? (strict ? val - 1 : val) : (strict ? val + 1 : val);
+
+        // Negation flips bound direction and tightens by 1.
+        if (is_neg) {
+            is_lower  = !is_lower;
+            bound_val = is_lower ? bound_val + 1 : bound_val - 1;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Try to expand a bounded existential quantifier into a finite disjunction.
+    // The body has been processed by eq_der + FM already.
+    // Works at the de Bruijn variable level.
+    // Returns true if expansion succeeded.
+    bool try_expand_bounded_quantifier(quantifier* q, expr* body, expr_ref& result) {
+        unsigned num_decls = q->get_num_decls();
+        if (num_decls == 0)
+            return false;
+
+        arith_util a_util(m);
+
+        // Check which variables still appear in the body
+        used_vars uv;
+        uv(body);
+        unsigned remaining = 0;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_decls; ++i)
+            if (uv.contains(i))
+                remaining++;
+        if (remaining == 0)
+            return false;
+
+        // Only handle integer variables
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_decls; ++i) {
+            if (!uv.contains(i))
+                continue;
+            if (!a_util.is_int(q->get_decl_sort(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        // Flatten body into conjuncts
+        expr_ref_vector conjs(m);
+        flatten_and(body, conjs);
+
+        // Extract bounds for each remaining variable
+        vector<rational> lbs, ubs;
+        bool_vector has_lb, has_ub;
+        lbs.resize(num_decls);
+        ubs.resize(num_decls);
+        has_lb.resize(num_decls, false);
+        has_ub.resize(num_decls, false);
+
+        // Track which conjuncts are pure bounds, to separate from the payload
+        bool_vector is_bound_conj;
+        is_bound_conj.resize(conjs.size(), false);
+
+        for (unsigned ci = 0; ci < conjs.size(); ++ci) {
+            for (unsigned vi = 0; vi < num_decls; ++vi) {
+                if (!uv.contains(vi))
+                    continue;
+                bool is_lower;
+                rational bval;
+                if (extract_var_bound(conjs[ci].get(), vi, num_decls, a_util, is_lower, bval)) {
+                    if (is_lower) {
+                        if (!has_lb[vi] || bval > lbs[vi])
+                            lbs[vi] = bval;
+                        has_lb[vi] = true;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        if (!has_ub[vi] || bval < ubs[vi])
+                            ubs[vi] = bval;
+                        has_ub[vi] = true;
+                    }
+                    is_bound_conj[ci] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check all remaining variables are bounded
+        rational domain_product(1);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_decls; ++i) {
+            if (!uv.contains(i))
+                continue;
+            if (!has_lb[i] || !has_ub[i])
+                return false;
+            rational size = ubs[i] - lbs[i] + 1;
+            if (size <= rational(0)) {
+                result = m.mk_false();
+                return true;
+            }
+            domain_product *= size;
+            if (domain_product > rational(EXPAND_BOUND_LIMIT))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "(qe-lite :expand-bounded-quantifier"
+            << " :vars " << remaining
+            << " :domain-size " << domain_product << ")\n");
+
+        // Collect the non-bound conjuncts as the payload
+        expr_ref_vector payload(m);
+        for (unsigned ci = 0; ci < conjs.size(); ++ci)
+            if (!is_bound_conj[ci])
+                payload.push_back(conjs[ci].get());
+
+        // Collect the remaining variables in order, with their bounds
+        unsigned_vector var_indices;
+        vector<rational> var_lbs, var_ubs;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_decls; ++i) {
+            if (!uv.contains(i)) continue;
+            var_indices.push_back(i);
+            var_lbs.push_back(lbs[i]);
+            var_ubs.push_back(ubs[i]);
+        }
+
+        // Build substitution array: one entry per de Bruijn variable
+        expr_ref_vector subst_map(m);
+        subst_map.resize(num_decls);
+        // Initialize non-remaining variables to themselves
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_decls; ++i)
+            if (!uv.contains(i))
+                subst_map.set(i, m.mk_var(i, q->get_decl_sort(i)));
+
+        // Enumerate all value combinations
+        unsigned nv = var_indices.size();
+        vector<rational> cur_vals;
+        cur_vals.resize(nv);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
+            cur_vals[i] = var_lbs[i];
+
+        var_subst vs(m, false);
+        inv_var_shifter shift(m);
+        expr_ref_vector disjuncts(m);
+
+        while (true) {
+            // Set up substitution for current values
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < nv; ++i)
+                subst_map.set(var_indices[i], a_util.mk_int(cur_vals[i]));
+
+            // Substitute in each payload conjunct and combine
+            expr_ref_vector inst_conjs(m);
+            for (expr* p : payload) {
+                expr_ref inst(m);
+                inst = vs(p, subst_map.size(), subst_map.data());
+                shift(inst, num_decls, inst);
+                inst_conjs.push_back(inst);
+            }
+            expr_ref inst_body(m);
+            bool_rewriter(m).mk_and(inst_conjs.size(), inst_conjs.data(), inst_body);
+            disjuncts.push_back(inst_body);
+
+            // Increment to next value combination, rightmost first
+            unsigned carry = nv;
+            for (unsigned i = nv; i-- > 0; ) {
+                cur_vals[i] += 1;
+                if (cur_vals[i] <= var_ubs[i]) {
+                    carry = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+                cur_vals[i] = var_lbs[i];
+            }
+            if (carry == nv)
+                break;
+        }
+
+        bool_rewriter(m).mk_or(disjuncts.size(), disjuncts.data(), result);
+        return true;
+    }
+
 public:
     impl(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p, bool use_array_der):
         m(m),
diff --git a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arith.h b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arith.h
index 1323032eba..936b08dbd1 100644
--- a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arith.h
+++ b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arith.h
@@ -51,5 +51,5 @@ namespace mbp {
     bool arith_project(model& model, app* var, expr_ref_vector& lits);
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arrays.cpp b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arrays.cpp
index 269aea213d..d6daef7b9f 100644
--- a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arrays.cpp
+++ b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arrays.cpp
@@ -531,6 +531,8 @@ namespace mbp {
             }
             arr_vars.shrink(j);
             aux_vars.append (m_aux_vars);
+            m_mev = nullptr;
+            M = nullptr;
         }
     };
 
@@ -1498,4 +1500,4 @@ namespace mbp {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arrays.h b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arrays.h
index ed06ba78b3..1dced44c8c 100644
--- a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arrays.h
+++ b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_arrays.h
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ namespace mbp {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_datatypes.h b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_datatypes.h
index 28f93089d5..8f667e7b36 100644
--- a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_datatypes.h
+++ b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_datatypes.h
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@ namespace mbp {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_dt_tg.cpp b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_dt_tg.cpp
index aee54c4593..1f970476e2 100644
--- a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_dt_tg.cpp
+++ b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_dt_tg.cpp
@@ -163,6 +163,23 @@ struct mbp_dt_tg::impl {
             if (is_app(term) &&
                 m_dt_util.is_accessor(to_app(term)->get_decl()) &&
                 has_var(to_app(term)->get_arg(0))) {
+                // Only apply rm_accessor if the model confirms the argument
+                // has the constructor that this accessor belongs to.
+                // Otherwise we introduce a contradictory is-cons literal.
+                func_decl *acc_cons =
+                    m_dt_util.get_accessor_constructor(to_app(term)->get_decl());
+                func_decl *rec = m_dt_util.get_constructor_recognizer(acc_cons);
+                expr_ref is_rec(m.mk_app(rec, to_app(term)->get_arg(0)), m);
+                if (!m_mdl.is_true(is_rec)) {
+                    // The accessor's argument does not have the expected constructor in the model.
+                    // Add a guard literal and skip rm_accessor so we don't force a contradictory
+                    // constructor constraint on the argument.
+                    expr_ref is(m.mk_not(is_rec), m);
+                    m_tg.add_lit(is);
+                    mark_seen(term);
+                    progress = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
                 mark_seen(term);
                 progress = true;
                 rm_accessor(term);
diff --git a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_euf.h b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_euf.h
index 59515e9bd9..1be5cd3387 100644
--- a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_euf.h
+++ b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_euf.h
@@ -31,5 +31,5 @@ namespace mbp {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_plugin.h b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_plugin.h
index 5e7dae8c78..67cf396287 100644
--- a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_plugin.h
+++ b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_plugin.h
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace mbp {
         virtual bool solve(model& model, app_ref_vector& vars, expr_ref_vector& lits) { return false; }
         virtual family_id get_family_id() { return null_family_id; }
 
-        virtual bool project(model& model, app_ref_vector& vars, expr_ref_vector& lits) { return false; };
+        virtual bool project(model& model, app_ref_vector& vars, expr_ref_vector& lits) { return false; }
 
         /**
            \brief project vars modulo model, return set of definitions for eliminated variables.
diff --git a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_tg_plugins.h b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_tg_plugins.h
index 3850f11ca1..671f3701ce 100644
--- a/src/qe/mbp/mbp_tg_plugins.h
+++ b/src/qe/mbp/mbp_tg_plugins.h
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ class mbp_tg_plugin {
 public:
     // iterate through all terms in m_tg and apply all theory MBP rules once
     // returns true if any rules were applied
-    virtual bool apply() { return false; };
+    virtual bool apply() { return false; }
     virtual ~mbp_tg_plugin() = default;
-    virtual void use_model() { };
-    virtual void get_new_vars(app_ref_vector*&) { };
-    virtual family_id get_family_id() const { return null_family_id; };
+    virtual void use_model() { }
+    virtual void get_new_vars(app_ref_vector*&) { }
+    virtual family_id get_family_id() const { return null_family_id; }
 };
diff --git a/src/qe/nlarith_util.cpp b/src/qe/nlarith_util.cpp
index 7e68f33fbe..eda48e607f 100644
--- a/src/qe/nlarith_util.cpp
+++ b/src/qe/nlarith_util.cpp
@@ -2022,6 +2022,6 @@ namespace nlarith {
     void util::get_sign_branches(literal_set& lits, eval& ev, ptr_vector<branch>& branches) {
         m_imp->get_sign_branches(lits, ev, branches);
     }
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/qe/nlarith_util.h b/src/qe/nlarith_util.h
index dccc4f606f..8f2137a155 100644
--- a/src/qe/nlarith_util.h
+++ b/src/qe/nlarith_util.h
@@ -143,5 +143,5 @@ namespace nlarith {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/qe/nlqsat.cpp b/src/qe/nlqsat.cpp
index 263dad43cb..8e168e62fd 100644
--- a/src/qe/nlqsat.cpp
+++ b/src/qe/nlqsat.cpp
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ namespace qe {
             return alloc(nlqsat, m, m_mode, m_params);
         }
     };
-};
+}
 
 tactic * mk_nlqsat_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const& p) {
     return alloc(qe::nlqsat, m, qe::qsat_t, p);
diff --git a/src/qe/qe.h b/src/qe/qe.h
index 2fd36596d9..6f07b157bf 100644
--- a/src/qe/qe.h
+++ b/src/qe/qe.h
@@ -367,6 +367,6 @@ namespace qe {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/qe/qe_mbi.cpp b/src/qe/qe_mbi.cpp
index ba8f5faa3b..aab03e9039 100644
--- a/src/qe/qe_mbi.cpp
+++ b/src/qe/qe_mbi.cpp
@@ -613,4 +613,4 @@ namespace qe {
         return pogo(pA, pB, itp);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/qe/qe_mbi.h b/src/qe/qe_mbi.h
index 93f7df88d4..18c33cb51a 100644
--- a/src/qe/qe_mbi.h
+++ b/src/qe/qe_mbi.h
@@ -156,4 +156,4 @@ namespace qe {
         lbool pogo(solver_factory& sf, expr* a, expr* b, expr_ref& itp);
     };
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/qe/qsat.cpp b/src/qe/qsat.cpp
index 6ab3add0d1..d5ca03096c 100644
--- a/src/qe/qsat.cpp
+++ b/src/qe/qsat.cpp
@@ -1290,6 +1290,15 @@ namespace qe {
             
             TRACE(qe, tout << fml << "\n";);
 
+            // qe/qe2 over a quantifier-free formula has nothing to eliminate.
+            // Under check-sat semantics the free variables are implicitly
+            // existentially quantified, so decide satisfiability directly
+            // instead of leaving an undecided residual goal (which would be
+            // reported as 'unknown').
+            flet<qsat_mode> _mode(m_mode,
+                                  (m_mode == qsat_qe || m_mode == qsat_qe_rec) && !has_quantifiers(fml)
+                                  ? qsat_sat : m_mode);
+
             if (m_mode == qsat_qe_rec) {
                 fml = elim_rec(fml);
                 in->reset();
@@ -1494,7 +1503,7 @@ namespace qe {
     void qmax::collect_statistics(statistics& st) const {
         m_imp->m_qsat.collect_statistics(st);
     }
-};
+}
 
 tactic * mk_qsat_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) {
     return alloc(qe::qsat, m, p, qe::qsat_sat);
diff --git a/src/sat/dimacs.h b/src/sat/dimacs.h
index f6be01ef82..9f43048272 100644
--- a/src/sat/dimacs.h
+++ b/src/sat/dimacs.h
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ namespace dimacs {
             bool operator!=(iterator const& other) const { return m_eof != other.m_eof; }
         };
         
-        iterator begin() { return iterator(*this, false); };
+        iterator begin() { return iterator(*this, false); }
         iterator end() { return iterator(*this, true); }
 
         void set_read_theory(std::function<int(char const*)>& r) { m_read_theory_id = r; }
 
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_aig_finder.cpp b/src/sat/sat_aig_finder.cpp
index a1013108f8..82ecb4e20f 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_aig_finder.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_aig_finder.cpp
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ namespace sat {
                 return false;
             }
             binary b(~y, x, nullptr);
-            if (!binaries.find(b, b)) {
+            if (!binaries.find(b, b) || !b.use_list) {
                 return false;
             }
             for (auto p : *b.use_list) {
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_anf_simplifier.h b/src/sat/sat_anf_simplifier.h
index 0f140d5ab4..8bd30bbe73 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_anf_simplifier.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_anf_simplifier.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 namespace dd {
     class pdd;
     class solver;
-};
+}
 
 namespace sat {
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_asymm_branch.cpp b/src/sat/sat_asymm_branch.cpp
index 0aed69d616..11a85b79e4 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_asymm_branch.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_asymm_branch.cpp
@@ -497,4 +497,4 @@ namespace sat {
         m_tr = 0;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_asymm_branch.h b/src/sat/sat_asymm_branch.h
index 20a561214e..7be980477e 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_asymm_branch.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_asymm_branch.h
@@ -106,5 +106,5 @@ namespace sat {
         inline void dec(unsigned c) { m_counter -= c; }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_bcd.cpp b/src/sat/sat_bcd.cpp
index 0b9792ad68..99e0bd4f8f 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_bcd.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_bcd.cpp
@@ -353,4 +353,4 @@ namespace sat {
         m_R.reset();
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_bcd.h b/src/sat/sat_bcd.h
index 643a8b8ad4..52d11ba5ed 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_bcd.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_bcd.h
@@ -73,5 +73,5 @@ namespace sat {
         void operator()(union_find<>& uf);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_big.cpp b/src/sat/sat_big.cpp
index 96ab78cb1a..9469f8431c 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_big.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_big.cpp
@@ -281,4 +281,4 @@ namespace sat {
 
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_big.h b/src/sat/sat_big.h
index 8ee185f16a..a30231c7b0 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_big.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_big.h
@@ -87,5 +87,5 @@ namespace sat {
         void display(std::ostream& out) const;
 
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_clause.cpp b/src/sat/sat_clause.cpp
index c59ce72891..6af39f4cd6 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_clause.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_clause.cpp
@@ -249,4 +249,4 @@ namespace sat {
         return out;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_clause.h b/src/sat/sat_clause.h
index 0129febbf8..852508a123 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_clause.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_clause.h
@@ -198,5 +198,5 @@ namespace sat {
 
     std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, clause_wrapper const & c);
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_clause_set.cpp b/src/sat/sat_clause_set.cpp
index c223009d6e..13e08eb54c 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_clause_set.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_clause_set.cpp
@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@ namespace sat {
         return true;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_clause_set.h b/src/sat/sat_clause_set.h
index aa0be6b62d..1a2ad3e756 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_clause_set.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_clause_set.h
@@ -50,5 +50,5 @@ namespace sat {
         bool check_invariant() const;
     };
     
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_clause_use_list.cpp b/src/sat/sat_clause_use_list.cpp
index 347e49db99..b00e26e78e 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_clause_use_list.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_clause_use_list.cpp
@@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ namespace sat {
         m_clauses.shrink(m_j);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_clause_use_list.h b/src/sat/sat_clause_use_list.h
index 14961a2236..63b5879568 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_clause_use_list.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_clause_use_list.h
@@ -134,5 +134,5 @@ namespace sat {
         }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_cleaner.cpp b/src/sat/sat_cleaner.cpp
index 46b94b52c4..97abf11be5 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_cleaner.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_cleaner.cpp
@@ -230,4 +230,4 @@ namespace sat {
         st.update("sat elim literals", m_elim_literals);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_cleaner.h b/src/sat/sat_cleaner.h
index 08d73029af..557b8a0d0b 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_cleaner.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_cleaner.h
@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@ namespace sat {
         void dec() { m_cleanup_counter--; }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_config.cpp b/src/sat/sat_config.cpp
index 3dfb67f2a4..cf01d39eea 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_config.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_config.cpp
@@ -259,4 +259,4 @@ namespace sat {
         sat_params::collect_param_descrs(r);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_config.h b/src/sat/sat_config.h
index 83241fe88a..57076bf6ab 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_config.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_config.h
@@ -196,5 +196,5 @@ namespace sat {
         static void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & d);
 
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_elim_eqs.cpp b/src/sat/sat_elim_eqs.cpp
index f761ef9264..ea6ebd495b 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_elim_eqs.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_elim_eqs.cpp
@@ -306,4 +306,4 @@ namespace sat {
         }
         (*this)(roots, to_elim);
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_elim_eqs.h b/src/sat/sat_elim_eqs.h
index 8bfc2c4578..c5000f108b 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_elim_eqs.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_elim_eqs.h
@@ -47,5 +47,5 @@ namespace sat {
         void operator()(union_find<>& uf);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_extension.h b/src/sat/sat_extension.h
index b42cc33e21..0acfa4ea31 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_extension.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_extension.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ namespace sat {
         solver const& s() const { return *m_solver; }
         symbol const& name() const { return m_name;  }
 
-        virtual void set_lookahead(lookahead* s) {};
+        virtual void set_lookahead(lookahead* s) {}
         class scoped_drating {
             extension& ext;
         public:
@@ -138,5 +138,5 @@ namespace sat {
         virtual std::string reason_unknown() { return "unknown"; }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_integrity_checker.cpp b/src/sat/sat_integrity_checker.cpp
index b10d243c23..54b0d63d79 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_integrity_checker.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_integrity_checker.cpp
@@ -221,4 +221,4 @@ namespace sat {
         VERIFY(check_disjoint_clauses());
         return true;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_integrity_checker.h b/src/sat/sat_integrity_checker.h
index bc7fecf68d..3d8ecd921d 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_integrity_checker.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_integrity_checker.h
@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ namespace sat {
         bool check_disjoint_clauses() const;
         bool operator()() const;
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_justification.h b/src/sat/sat_justification.h
index f83173aa7d..ecffa096fc 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_justification.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_justification.h
@@ -72,5 +72,5 @@ namespace sat {
         return out;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_lookahead.h b/src/sat/sat_lookahead.h
index 87757ba59d..0aaaf6f04c 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_lookahead.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_lookahead.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Notes:
 
 namespace pb {
     class solver;
-};
+}
 
 namespace sat {
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_model_converter.cpp b/src/sat/sat_model_converter.cpp
index 67136d79ab..d1b2d38f06 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_model_converter.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_model_converter.cpp
@@ -455,4 +455,4 @@ namespace sat {
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_model_converter.h b/src/sat/sat_model_converter.h
index 170886aa69..1d44db51ac 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_model_converter.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_model_converter.h
@@ -153,4 +153,4 @@ namespace sat {
         return out;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_mus.h b/src/sat/sat_mus.h
index 672e90185f..b6845c30c5 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_mus.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_mus.h
@@ -61,5 +61,5 @@ namespace sat {
         };
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_parallel.cpp b/src/sat/sat_parallel.cpp
index 7d5c022ff1..8c9b897098 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_parallel.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_parallel.cpp
@@ -276,5 +276,5 @@ namespace sat {
         return copied;
     }
     
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_parallel.h b/src/sat/sat_parallel.h
index 0fbf4f05d0..948eeaa3f0 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_parallel.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_parallel.h
@@ -112,5 +112,5 @@ namespace sat {
         bool copy_solver(solver& s);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_probing.cpp b/src/sat/sat_probing.cpp
index f1830623a3..b29e9513b1 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_probing.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_probing.cpp
@@ -322,4 +322,4 @@ namespace sat {
     void probing::reset_statistics() {
         m_num_assigned = 0;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_probing.h b/src/sat/sat_probing.h
index 4b13d6afdd..a7eac7ba8b 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_probing.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_probing.h
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@ namespace sat {
         void dec(unsigned c) { m_counter -= c; }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_scc.cpp b/src/sat/sat_scc.cpp
index 8308a7ea59..21ceb3c6c5 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_scc.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_scc.cpp
@@ -282,4 +282,4 @@ namespace sat {
         sat_scc_params::collect_param_descrs(d);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_scc.h b/src/sat/sat_scc.h
index af239c53d9..5b2f0dd260 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_scc.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_scc.h
@@ -65,5 +65,5 @@ namespace sat {
         int get_right(literal l) const { return m_big.get_right(l); }
         bool connected(literal u, literal v) const { return m_big.connected(u, v); }
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_simplifier.cpp b/src/sat/sat_simplifier.cpp
index 18e6288208..79c8a723c6 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_simplifier.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_simplifier.cpp
@@ -2148,4 +2148,4 @@ namespace sat {
         m_num_bca = 0;
         m_num_ate = 0;
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_simplifier.h b/src/sat/sat_simplifier.h
index e32c52e4a1..0dd85c6b85 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_simplifier.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_simplifier.h
@@ -250,5 +250,5 @@ namespace sat {
         bool need_cleanup() const { return m_need_cleanup; }
 
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_solver.cpp b/src/sat/sat_solver.cpp
index 09f874e789..634b09830e 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_solver.cpp
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ namespace sat {
         m_best_phase.reset();
         m_phase.reset();
         m_prev_phase.reset();
+        m_phase_birthdate.reset();
+        m_best_phase_birthdate.reset();
         m_assigned_since_gc.reset();
         m_last_conflict.reset();
         m_last_propagation.reset();
@@ -161,6 +163,8 @@ namespace sat {
             m_phase[v] = src.m_phase[v];
             m_best_phase[v] = src.m_best_phase[v];
             m_prev_phase[v] = src.m_prev_phase[v];
+            m_phase_birthdate[v] = src.m_phase_birthdate[v];
+            m_best_phase_birthdate[v] = src.m_best_phase_birthdate[v];
 
             // inherit activity:
             m_activity[v] = src.m_activity[v];
@@ -267,6 +271,8 @@ namespace sat {
         m_phase[v] = false;
         m_best_phase[v] = false;
         m_prev_phase[v] = false;
+        m_phase_birthdate[v] = 0;
+        m_best_phase_birthdate[v] = 0;
         m_assigned_since_gc[v] = false;
         m_last_conflict[v] = 0;        
         m_last_propagation[v] = 0;
@@ -308,6 +314,8 @@ namespace sat {
         m_phase.push_back(false);
         m_best_phase.push_back(false);
         m_prev_phase.push_back(false);
+        m_phase_birthdate.push_back(0);
+        m_best_phase_birthdate.push_back(0);
         m_assigned_since_gc.push_back(false);
         m_last_conflict.push_back(0);
         m_last_propagation.push_back(0);
@@ -645,6 +653,26 @@ namespace sat {
         return 3*cls_allocator().get_allocation_size()/2 + memory::get_allocation_size() > memory::get_max_memory_size();
     }
 
+    void solver::set_phase(literal l) {
+        if (l.var() >= num_vars())
+            return;
+        bool value = !l.sign();
+        set_phase(l.var(), value);
+        set_best_phase(l.var(), value);
+    }
+
+    void solver::set_phase(bool_var v, bool value) {
+        if (m_phase[v] != value)
+            m_phase_birthdate[v] = m_stats.m_conflicts;
+        m_phase[v] = value;
+    }
+
+    void solver::set_best_phase(bool_var v, bool value) {
+        if (m_best_phase[v] != value)
+            m_best_phase_birthdate[v] = m_stats.m_conflicts;
+        m_best_phase[v] = value;
+    }
+
     struct solver::cmp_activity {
         solver& s;
         cmp_activity(solver& s):s(s) {}
@@ -896,7 +924,7 @@ namespace sat {
         m_assignment[(~l).index()] = l_false;
         bool_var v = l.var();
         m_justification[v]         = j;
-        m_phase[v]                 = !l.sign();
+        set_phase(v, !l.sign());
         m_assigned_since_gc[v]     = true;
         m_trail.push_back(l);
         
@@ -904,17 +932,17 @@ namespace sat {
         case BH_VSIDS: 
             break;
         case BH_CHB:
-            m_last_propagation[v] = m_stats.m_conflict;
+            m_last_propagation[v] = m_stats.m_conflicts;
             break;
         }
 
         if (m_config.m_anti_exploration) {
-            uint64_t age = m_stats.m_conflict - m_canceled[v];
+            uint64_t age = m_stats.m_conflicts - m_canceled[v];
             if (age > 0) {
                 double decay = pow(0.95, static_cast<double>(age));
                 set_activity(v, static_cast<unsigned>(m_activity[v] * decay));
                 // NB. MapleSAT does not update canceled.
-                m_canceled[v] = m_stats.m_conflict;
+                m_canceled[v] = m_stats.m_conflicts;
             }
         }
         
@@ -1378,8 +1406,10 @@ namespace sat {
         lbool r = m_local_search->check(_lits.size(), _lits.data(), nullptr);
         auto const& mdl = m_local_search->get_model();
         if (mdl.size() == m_best_phase.size()) {
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_best_phase.size(); ++i)
-                m_best_phase[i] = l_true == mdl[i];
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_best_phase.size(); ++i) {
+                bool is_true = l_true == mdl[i];
+                set_best_phase(i, is_true);
+            }
 
             if (r == l_true) {
                 m_conflicts_since_restart = 0;
@@ -1671,12 +1701,12 @@ namespace sat {
         while (!m_case_split_queue.empty()) {
             if (m_config.m_anti_exploration) {
                 next = m_case_split_queue.min_var();
-                auto age = m_stats.m_conflict - m_canceled[next];
+                auto age = m_stats.m_conflicts - m_canceled[next];
                 while (age > 0) {
                     set_activity(next, static_cast<unsigned>(m_activity[next] * pow(0.95, static_cast<double>(age))));
-                    m_canceled[next] = m_stats.m_conflict;
+                    m_canceled[next] = m_stats.m_conflicts;
                     next = m_case_split_queue.min_var();
-                    age = m_stats.m_conflict - m_canceled[next];                    
+                    age = m_stats.m_conflicts - m_canceled[next];                    
                 }
             }
             next = m_case_split_queue.next_var();
@@ -1714,6 +1744,25 @@ namespace sat {
         }
     }
 
+    void solver::get_backbone_candidates(literal_vector& lits, unsigned max_num) {
+        struct candidate {
+            literal lit;
+            uint64_t age;
+        };
+        svector<candidate> cands;
+        uint64_t now = m_stats.m_conflicts;
+        for (bool_var v = 0; v < num_vars(); ++v) {
+            if (value(v) != l_undef || was_eliminated(v))
+                continue;
+            bool is_pos = guess(v);
+            cands.push_back({ literal(v, !is_pos), now - get_phase_birthdate(v) });
+        }
+        std::stable_sort(cands.begin(), cands.end(),
+            [](candidate const& a, candidate const& b) { return a.age > b.age; });
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < cands.size() && i < max_num; ++i)
+            lits.push_back(cands[i].lit);
+    }
+
     bool solver::decide() {
         bool_var next;
         lbool phase = l_undef;
@@ -2145,8 +2194,9 @@ namespace sat {
         for (bool_var v = 0; v < num; ++v) {
             if (!was_eliminated(v)) {
                 m_model[v] = value(v);
-                m_phase[v] = value(v) == l_true;
-                m_best_phase[v] = value(v) == l_true;
+                bool is_true = value(v) == l_true;
+                set_phase(v, is_true);
+                set_best_phase(v, is_true);
             }
         }
         TRACE(sat_mc_bug, m_mc.display(tout););
@@ -2274,7 +2324,7 @@ namespace sat {
         m_restart_logs++;
         
         std::stringstream strm;
-        strm << "(sat.stats " << std::setw(6) << m_stats.m_conflict << " " 
+        strm << "(sat.stats " << std::setw(6) << m_stats.m_conflicts << " " 
              << std::setw(6) << m_stats.m_decision << " "
              << std::setw(4) << m_stats.m_restart 
              << mk_stat(*this)
@@ -2432,7 +2482,7 @@ namespace sat {
         m_conflicts_since_init++;
         m_conflicts_since_restart++;
         m_conflicts_since_gc++;
-        m_stats.m_conflict++;
+        m_stats.m_conflicts++;
         if (m_step_size > m_config.m_step_size_min)
             m_step_size -= m_config.m_step_size_dec;        
 
@@ -2564,7 +2614,7 @@ namespace sat {
                                tout << "missed " << lit << "@" << lvl(lit) << "\n";);
                 CTRACE(sat, idx == 0, display(tout););
                 if (idx == 0)
-                    IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "num-conflicts: " << m_stats.m_conflict << "\n");
+                    IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "num-conflicts: " << m_stats.m_conflicts << "\n");
                 VERIFY(idx > 0);
                 idx--;
             }
@@ -2874,7 +2924,7 @@ namespace sat {
                 inc_activity(var);
                 break;
             case BH_CHB:
-                m_last_conflict[var] = m_stats.m_conflict;
+                m_last_conflict[var] = m_stats.m_conflicts;
                 break;
             default:
                 break;
@@ -2915,14 +2965,15 @@ namespace sat {
         for (unsigned i = head; i < sz; ++i) {
             bool_var v = m_trail[i].var();
             TRACE(forget_phase, tout << "forgetting phase of v" << v << "\n";);
-            m_phase[v] = m_rand() % 2 == 0;
+            bool value = m_rand() % 2 == 0;
+            set_phase(v, value);
         }
         if (is_sat_phase() && head >= m_best_phase_size) {
             m_best_phase_size = head;
             IF_VERBOSE(12, verbose_stream() << "sticky trail: " << head << "\n");
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < head; ++i) {
                 bool_var v = m_trail[i].var();
-                m_best_phase[v] = m_phase[v];
+                set_best_phase(v, m_phase[v]);
             }
             set_has_new_best_phase(true);
         }
@@ -2971,23 +3022,30 @@ namespace sat {
     void solver::do_rephase() {
         switch (m_config.m_phase) {
         case PS_ALWAYS_TRUE:
-            for (auto& p : m_phase) p = true;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i)
+                set_phase(i, true);
             break;
         case PS_ALWAYS_FALSE:
-            for (auto& p : m_phase) p = false;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i)
+                set_phase(i, false);
             break;
         case PS_FROZEN:
             break;
         case PS_BASIC_CACHING:
             switch (m_rephase.count % 4) {
             case 0:
-                for (auto& p : m_phase) p = (m_rand() % 2) == 0;
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i) {
+                    bool value = (m_rand() % 2) == 0;
+                    set_phase(i, value);
+                }
                 break;
             case 1:
-                for (auto& p : m_phase) p = false;
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i)
+                    set_phase(i, false);
                 break;
             case 2:
-                for (auto& p : m_phase) p = !p;
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i)
+                    set_phase(i, !m_phase[i]);
                 break;
             default:
                 break;
@@ -2995,18 +3053,21 @@ namespace sat {
             break;
         case PS_SAT_CACHING:
             if (m_search_state == s_sat) 
-                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i) 
-                    m_phase[i] = m_best_phase[i];  
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i)
+                    set_phase(i, m_best_phase[i]);
             break;
         case PS_RANDOM:
-            for (auto& p : m_phase) p = (m_rand() % 2) == 0;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i) {
+                bool value = (m_rand() % 2) == 0;
+                set_phase(i, value);
+            }
             break;
         case PS_LOCAL_SEARCH:
             if (m_search_state == s_sat) {
                 if (m_rand() % 2 == 0)
                     bounded_local_search();
-                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i) 
-                    m_phase[i] = m_best_phase[i];              
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_phase.size(); ++i)
+                    set_phase(i, m_best_phase[i]);
             }
 
             break;
@@ -3601,6 +3662,8 @@ namespace sat {
         m_phase.shrink(v);
         m_best_phase.shrink(v);
         m_prev_phase.shrink(v);
+        m_phase_birthdate.shrink(v);
+        m_best_phase_birthdate.shrink(v);
         m_assigned_since_gc.shrink(v);
         m_simplifier.reset_todos();
     }
@@ -3644,7 +3707,7 @@ namespace sat {
             SASSERT(value(v) == l_undef);
             m_case_split_queue.unassign_var_eh(v);
             if (m_config.m_anti_exploration) {
-                m_canceled[v] = m_stats.m_conflict;
+                m_canceled[v] = m_stats.m_conflicts;
             }
         }
         m_trail.shrink(old_sz);        
@@ -3812,7 +3875,7 @@ namespace sat {
         double multiplier = m_config.m_reward_offset * (is_sat ? m_config.m_reward_multiplier : 1.0);
         for (unsigned i = qhead; i < m_trail.size(); ++i) {
             auto v = m_trail[i].var();
-            auto d = m_stats.m_conflict - m_last_conflict[v] + 1;
+            auto d = m_stats.m_conflicts - m_last_conflict[v] + 1;
             if (d == 0) d = 1;
             auto reward = multiplier / d;            
             auto activity = m_activity[v];
@@ -4745,7 +4808,7 @@ namespace sat {
         st.update("sat mk var", m_mk_var);
         st.update("sat gc clause", m_gc_clause);
         st.update("sat del clause", m_del_clause);
-        st.update("sat conflicts", m_conflict);
+        st.update("sat conflicts", m_conflicts);
         st.update("sat decisions", m_decision);
         st.update("sat propagations 2ary", m_bin_propagate);
         st.update("sat propagations 3ary", m_ter_propagate);
@@ -4802,4 +4865,4 @@ namespace sat {
         return true;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_solver.h b/src/sat/sat_solver.h
index 9aa00ae47c..a64b8fa614 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_solver.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Revision History:
 
 namespace pb {
     class solver;
-};
+}
 
 namespace sat {
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace sat {
         unsigned m_mk_bin_clause;
         unsigned m_mk_ter_clause;
         unsigned m_mk_clause;
-        unsigned m_conflict;
+        unsigned m_conflicts;
         unsigned m_propagate;
         unsigned m_bin_propagate;
         unsigned m_ter_propagate;
@@ -148,6 +148,8 @@ namespace sat {
         bool_vector             m_phase; 
         bool_vector             m_best_phase;
         bool_vector             m_prev_phase;
+        svector<uint64_t>       m_phase_birthdate;
+        svector<uint64_t>       m_best_phase_birthdate;
         bool                    m_new_best_phase = false;
         svector<char>           m_assigned_since_gc;
         search_state            m_search_state; 
@@ -373,12 +375,18 @@ namespace sat {
         bool was_eliminated(bool_var v) const { return m_eliminated[v]; }
         void set_eliminated(bool_var v, bool f) override;
         bool was_eliminated(literal l) const { return was_eliminated(l.var()); }
-        void set_phase(literal l) override { if (l.var() < num_vars()) m_best_phase[l.var()] = m_phase[l.var()] = !l.sign(); }
+        void set_phase(literal l) override;
+        void set_phase(bool_var v, bool value);
+        void set_best_phase(bool_var v, bool value);
         bool get_phase(bool_var b) { return m_phase.get(b, false); }
         bool get_best_phase(bool_var b) { return m_best_phase.get(b, false); }
+        uint64_t get_phase_birthdate(bool_var b) const { return m_phase_birthdate.get(b, 0); }
+        uint64_t get_best_phase_birthdate(bool_var b) const { return m_best_phase_birthdate.get(b, 0); }
         void set_has_new_best_phase(bool b) { m_new_best_phase = b; }
         bool has_new_best_phase() const { return m_new_best_phase; }
         void move_to_front(bool_var b);
+        unsigned get_activity(bool_var v) const { return m_activity[v]; }
+        void get_backbone_candidates(literal_vector& lits, unsigned max_num);
         unsigned scope_lvl() const { return m_scope_lvl; }
         unsigned search_lvl() const { return m_search_lvl; }
         bool  at_search_lvl() const { return m_scope_lvl == m_search_lvl; }
@@ -440,6 +448,8 @@ namespace sat {
         void set_par(parallel* p, unsigned id);
         bool canceled() { return !m_rlimit.inc(); }
         config const& get_config() const { return m_config; }
+        void set_max_conflicts(unsigned n) { m_config.m_max_conflicts = n; }
+        unsigned get_max_conflicts() const { return m_config.m_max_conflicts; }
         void set_drat(bool d) { m_config.m_drat = d; }
         drat& get_drat() { return m_drat; }
         drat* get_drat_ptr() { return &m_drat;  }
@@ -885,4 +895,4 @@ namespace sat {
 
 
     std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, mk_stat const & stat);
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.cpp b/src/sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.cpp
index 7e7200832a..c129841932 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.cpp
@@ -386,10 +386,19 @@ public:
         if (p1.euf() && !get_euf()) 
             ensure_euf();        
     }
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override {
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override {
         if (m_preprocess) m_preprocess->collect_statistics(st);
         m_solver.collect_statistics(st);
     }
+
+    void set_max_conflicts(unsigned max_conflicts) override {
+        m_solver.set_max_conflicts(max_conflicts);
+    }
+
+    unsigned get_max_conflicts() const override {
+        return m_solver.get_max_conflicts();
+    }
+
     void get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector & r) override {
         r.reset();
         r.append(m_core.size(), m_core.data());
@@ -404,6 +413,46 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
+    unsigned get_assign_level(expr* e) const override {
+        m.is_not(e, e);
+        sat::bool_var bv = m_map.to_bool_var(e);
+        return bv == sat::null_bool_var ? UINT_MAX : m_solver.lvl(bv);
+    }
+
+    bool is_relevant(expr* e) const override {
+        m.is_not(e, e);
+        sat::bool_var bv = m_map.to_bool_var(e);
+        if (bv == sat::null_bool_var)
+            return true;
+        auto* ext = dynamic_cast<euf::solver*>(m_solver.get_extension());
+        return !ext || ext->is_relevant(bv);
+    }
+
+    unsigned get_num_bool_vars() const override {
+        return m_solver.num_vars();
+    }
+
+    sat::bool_var get_bool_var(expr* e) const override {
+        m.is_not(e, e);
+        return m_map.to_bool_var(e);
+    }
+
+    expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) const override {
+        return v < m_solver.num_vars() ? m_map.bool_var2expr(v) : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    lbool get_assignment(sat::bool_var v) const override {
+        return v < m_solver.num_vars() ? m_solver.value(v) : l_undef;
+    }
+
+    double get_activity(sat::bool_var v) const override {
+        return v < m_solver.num_vars() ? static_cast<double>(m_solver.get_activity(v)) : 0.0;
+    }
+
+    bool was_eliminated(sat::bool_var v) const override {
+        return v < m_solver.num_vars() && m_solver.was_eliminated(v);
+    }
+
     expr_ref_vector get_trail(unsigned max_level) override {
         expr_ref_vector result(m);
         unsigned sz = m_solver.trail_size();
@@ -481,6 +530,70 @@ public:
         return fmls;
     }
 
+    expr_ref cube_vsids(expr_ref_vector const& invalid_split_atoms) override {
+        if (!is_internalized()) {
+            lbool r = internalize_formulas();
+            if (r != l_true)
+                return expr_ref(m);
+        }
+        convert_internalized();
+        if (m_solver.inconsistent())
+            return expr_ref(m);
+
+        obj_hashtable<expr> invalid_split_atoms_set;
+        for (expr* e : invalid_split_atoms) {
+            expr* atom = e;
+            m.is_not(e, atom);
+            invalid_split_atoms_set.insert(atom);
+        }
+
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        double score = 0.0;
+        unsigned n = 0;
+        unsigned search_lvl = m_solver.search_lvl();
+        for (auto& kv : m_map) {
+            sat::bool_var v = kv.m_value;
+            if (was_eliminated(v))
+                continue;
+            if (get_assignment(v) != l_undef && m_solver.lvl(v) <= search_lvl)
+                continue;
+            expr* e = kv.m_key;
+            if (!e)
+                continue;
+            expr* atom = e;
+            m.is_not(e, atom);
+            if (invalid_split_atoms_set.contains(atom))
+                continue;
+            double new_score = get_activity(v);
+            if (new_score > score || !result || (new_score == score && m_solver.rand()(++n) == 0)) {
+                score = new_score;
+                result = e;
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void get_backbone_candidates(vector<solver::scored_literal>& candidates, unsigned max_num) override {
+        if (!is_internalized()) {
+            lbool r = internalize_formulas();
+            if (r != l_true)
+                return;
+        }
+        convert_internalized();
+        sat::literal_vector lits;
+        m_solver.get_backbone_candidates(lits, max_num);
+        expr_ref_vector lit2expr(m);
+        lit2expr.resize(m_solver.num_vars() * 2);
+        m_map.mk_inv(lit2expr);
+        uint64_t now = m_solver.get_stats().m_conflicts;
+        for (sat::literal lit : lits) {
+            expr* e = lit2expr.get(lit.index());
+            if (!e)
+                continue;
+            candidates.push_back(scored_literal(m, e, static_cast<double>(now - m_solver.get_phase_birthdate(lit.var()))));
+        }
+    }
+
     expr* congruence_next(expr* e) override { return e; }
     expr* congruence_root(expr* e) override { return e; }
     expr_ref congruence_explain(expr* a, expr* b) override { return expr_ref(m.mk_eq(a, b), m); }
@@ -1183,5 +1296,7 @@ void inc_sat_display(std::ostream& out, solver& _s, unsigned sz, expr*const* sof
 
 tactic * mk_psat_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) {
     parallel_params pp(p);
-    return pp.enable() ? mk_parallel_tactic(mk_inc_sat_solver(m, p, false), p) : mk_sat_tactic(m);
+    if (pp.enable())
+        return mk_parallel_tactic(mk_inc_sat_solver(m, p, false), p);
+    return mk_sat_tactic(m);
 }
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_solver/sat_smt_solver.cpp b/src/sat/sat_solver/sat_smt_solver.cpp
index 8548749beb..5c960d7da1 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_solver/sat_smt_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_solver/sat_smt_solver.cpp
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ public:
             ensure_euf();
     }
     
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override {
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override {
         m_solver.collect_statistics(st);
     }
     
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_solver_core.h b/src/sat/sat_solver_core.h
index cc0e6e0233..905f9739fd 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_solver_core.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_solver_core.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace sat {
         // optional support for user-scopes. Not relevant for sat_tactic integration. 
         // it is only relevant for incremental mode SAT, which isn't wrapped (yet)
         virtual void user_push() { throw default_exception("optional API not supported"); }
-        virtual void user_pop(unsigned num_scopes) {};
+        virtual void user_pop(unsigned num_scopes) {}
         virtual unsigned num_user_scopes() const { return 0;}
         virtual unsigned num_scopes() const { return 0; }
 
@@ -58,5 +58,5 @@ namespace sat {
         virtual extension* get_extension() const { return nullptr; }
         virtual void       set_extension(extension* e) { if (e) throw default_exception("optional API not supported"); }
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_types.h b/src/sat/sat_types.h
index b027d4f2e1..ce24521cae 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_types.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_types.h
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ namespace sat {
         int m_orig;
         const proof_hint* m_hint;
     public:
-        status(st s, int o, proof_hint const* ps = nullptr) : m_st(s), m_orig(o), m_hint(ps) {};
+        status(st s, int o, proof_hint const* ps = nullptr) : m_st(s), m_orig(o), m_hint(ps) {}
         status(status const& s) : m_st(s.m_st), m_orig(s.m_orig), m_hint(s.m_hint) {}
         status(status&& s) noexcept { m_st = st::asserted; m_orig = -1; std::swap(m_st, s.m_st); std::swap(m_orig, s.m_orig); std::swap(m_hint, s.m_hint); }
         status& operator=(status const& other) { m_st = other.m_st; m_orig = other.m_orig; return *this; }
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ namespace sat {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_watched.cpp b/src/sat/sat_watched.cpp
index 5573212f53..865a4b06dc 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_watched.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_watched.cpp
@@ -110,4 +110,4 @@ namespace sat {
         return out;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_watched.h b/src/sat/sat_watched.h
index 6d91434dba..4e44bbc1b1 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_watched.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_watched.h
@@ -125,5 +125,5 @@ namespace sat {
     std::ostream& display_watch_list(std::ostream & out, clause_allocator const & ca, watch_list const & wlist, extension* ext);
 
     void conflict_cleanup(watch_list::iterator it, watch_list::iterator it2, watch_list& wlist);
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/arith_value.cpp b/src/sat/smt/arith_value.cpp
index fb66bdaefd..f6e1e68c79 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/arith_value.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/arith_value.cpp
@@ -142,4 +142,4 @@ namespace arith {
 
 #endif
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/arith_value.h b/src/sat/smt/arith_value.h
index b858ff8965..89d7c69a36 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/arith_value.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/arith_value.h
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ namespace arith {
         expr_ref get_fixed(expr* e);
 #endif
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/array_axioms.cpp b/src/sat/smt/array_axioms.cpp
index cd20e6ae66..e5e98baf27 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/array_axioms.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/array_axioms.cpp
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ namespace array {
             return assert_extensionality(r.n->get_expr(), r.select->get_expr());
         case axiom_record::kind_t::is_congruence:
             return assert_congruent_axiom(r.n->get_expr(), r.select->get_expr());
+        case axiom_record::kind_t::is_choice:
+            return assert_choice_axiom(r.n->get_app());
         default:
             UNREACHABLE();
             break;
@@ -469,6 +471,27 @@ namespace array {
         return ctx.propagate(e_internalize(alpha), e_internalize(beta), array_axiom());
     }
 
+    bool solver::assert_choice_axiom(app* choice_term) {
+        ++m_stats.m_num_choice_axiom;
+        SASSERT(a.is_choice(choice_term));
+        expr* pred = choice_term->get_arg(0);
+        sort* pred_sort = pred->get_sort();
+        SASSERT(a.is_array(pred_sort));
+        SASSERT(get_array_arity(pred_sort) == 1);
+        SASSERT(m.is_bool(get_array_range(pred_sort)));
+        sort* x_sort = get_array_domain(pred_sort, 0);
+        expr_ref x(m.mk_var(0, x_sort), m);
+        expr* args1[2] = { pred, x };
+        expr_ref px(a.mk_select(2, args1), m);
+        expr* args2[2] = { pred, choice_term };
+        expr_ref pc(a.mk_select(2, args2), m);
+        expr_ref body(m.mk_implies(px, pc), m);
+        symbol x_name("x");
+        expr_ref q(m.mk_forall(1, &x_sort, &x_name, body), m);
+        rewrite(q);
+        return add_unit(mk_literal(q));
+    }
+
     /**
        \brief assert n1 = n2 => forall vars . (n1 vars) = (n2 vars)
      */
@@ -691,4 +714,3 @@ namespace array {
     }
 
 }
-
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/array_diagnostics.cpp b/src/sat/smt/array_diagnostics.cpp
index 11ed4384de..0f03abf461 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/array_diagnostics.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/array_diagnostics.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ namespace array {
             return out << "extensionality " << ctx.bpp(r.n) << " " << ctx.bpp(r.select);
         case axiom_record::kind_t::is_congruence:
             return out << "congruence " << ctx.bpp(r.n) << " " << ctx.bpp(r.select);
+        case axiom_record::kind_t::is_choice:
+            return out << "choice " << ctx.bpp(r.n);
         default:
             UNREACHABLE();
         }
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ namespace array {
         st.update("array def/map",      m_stats.m_num_default_map_axiom);
         st.update("array def/const",    m_stats.m_num_default_const_axiom);
         st.update("array def/store",    m_stats.m_num_default_store_axiom);
+        st.update("array choice ax",    m_stats.m_num_choice_axiom);
         st.update("array ext ax",       m_stats.m_num_extensionality_axiom);
         st.update("array cong ax",      m_stats.m_num_congruence_axiom);        
         st.update("array exp ax2",      m_stats.m_num_select_store_axiom_delayed);
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/array_internalize.cpp b/src/sat/smt/array_internalize.cpp
index 7a62286e66..b9018deb5f 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/array_internalize.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/array_internalize.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ namespace array {
         case OP_CONST_ARRAY:
             internalize_lambda_eh(n);
             break;
+        case OP_CHOICE:
+            push_axiom(choice_axiom(n));
+            break;
         case OP_ARRAY_EXT:
             SASSERT(is_array(n->get_arg(0)));
             push_axiom(extensionality_axiom(n->get_arg(0), n->get_arg(1)));
@@ -169,6 +172,8 @@ namespace array {
         case OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT:
             set_prop_upward(find(n->get_arg(0)));
             break;
+        case OP_CHOICE:
+            break;
         case OP_ARRAY_MAP:
         case OP_SET_UNION:
         case OP_SET_INTERSECT:
@@ -255,4 +260,3 @@ namespace array {
     }
 
 }
-
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/array_solver.cpp b/src/sat/smt/array_solver.cpp
index dca1b3f51f..d955a29d0d 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/array_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/array_solver.cpp
@@ -203,6 +203,8 @@ namespace array {
         ctx.push_vec(d.m_parent_lambdas, lambda);
         if (should_prop_upward(d))        
             propagate_select_axioms(d, lambda);
+        if (d.m_has_default)
+            push_axiom(default_axiom(lambda));
     }
 
     void solver::add_parent_default(theory_var v) {
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/array_solver.h b/src/sat/smt/array_solver.h
index fce3efaacd..41337d7268 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/array_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/array_solver.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace array {
             unsigned m_num_select_const_axiom, m_num_select_store_axiom_delayed;
             unsigned m_num_default_store_axiom, m_num_default_map_axiom;
             unsigned m_num_default_const_axiom, m_num_default_as_array_axiom;
-            unsigned m_num_select_lambda_axiom;
+            unsigned m_num_select_lambda_axiom, m_num_choice_axiom;
             void reset() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
             stats() { reset(); }
         };
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ namespace array {
                 is_select,
                 is_extensionality,
                 is_default,
-                is_congruence
+                is_congruence,
+                is_choice
             };
             enum class state_t {
                 is_new,
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ namespace array {
         axiom_record store_axiom(euf::enode* n) { return axiom_record(axiom_record::kind_t::is_store, n); }
         axiom_record extensionality_axiom(euf::enode* x, euf::enode* y) { return axiom_record(axiom_record::kind_t::is_extensionality, x, y); }
         axiom_record congruence_axiom(euf::enode* a, euf::enode* b) { return axiom_record(axiom_record::kind_t::is_congruence, a, b); }
+        axiom_record choice_axiom(euf::enode* n) { return axiom_record(axiom_record::kind_t::is_choice, n); }
 
         scoped_ptr<sat::constraint_base> m_constraint;
 
@@ -176,6 +178,7 @@ namespace array {
         bool assert_select_as_array_axiom(app* select, app* arr);
         bool assert_select_map_axiom(app* select, app* map);
         bool assert_select_lambda_axiom(app* select, expr* lambda);
+        bool assert_choice_axiom(app* choice_term);
         bool assert_extensionality(expr* e1, expr* e2);
         bool assert_default_map_axiom(app* map);
         bool assert_default_const_axiom(app* cnst);
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/atom2bool_var.cpp b/src/sat/smt/atom2bool_var.cpp
index 68a263c856..b6760c9439 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/atom2bool_var.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/atom2bool_var.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,13 @@ sat::bool_var atom2bool_var::to_bool_var(expr * n) const {
         return m_mapping[idx].m_value;
 }
 
+expr* atom2bool_var::bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) const {
+    for (auto const& kv : m_mapping)
+        if (kv.m_value == v)
+            return kv.m_key;
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
 struct collect_boolean_interface_proc {
     struct visitor {
         obj_hashtable<expr> & m_r;
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/atom2bool_var.h b/src/sat/smt/atom2bool_var.h
index 794429701d..cee7a98829 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/atom2bool_var.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/atom2bool_var.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ public:
     atom2bool_var(ast_manager & m):expr2var(m) {}
     void insert(expr * n, sat::bool_var v) { expr2var::insert(n, v); }
     sat::bool_var to_bool_var(expr * n) const;
+    expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) const;
     void mk_inv(expr_ref_vector & lit2expr) const;
     void mk_var_inv(expr_ref_vector & var2expr) const;
     // return true if the mapping contains uninterpreted atoms.
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/bv_ackerman.cpp b/src/sat/smt/bv_ackerman.cpp
index a709c16f3a..1bb84bc099 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/bv_ackerman.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/bv_ackerman.cpp
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace bv {
     void ackerman::propagate() {
         auto* n = m_queue;
         vv* k = nullptr;
-        unsigned num_prop = static_cast<unsigned>(s.s().get_stats().m_conflict * s.get_config().m_dack_factor);
+        unsigned num_prop = static_cast<unsigned>(s.s().get_stats().m_conflicts * s.get_config().m_dack_factor);
         num_prop = std::min(num_prop, m_table.size());
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_prop; ++i, n = k) {
             k = n->next();
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/bv_ackerman.h b/src/sat/smt/bv_ackerman.h
index aab4053a28..259e1bfbf8 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/bv_ackerman.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/bv_ackerman.h
@@ -78,4 +78,4 @@ namespace bv {
         void propagate();
     };
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/bv_delay_internalize.cpp b/src/sat/smt/bv_delay_internalize.cpp
index af3c4abe92..aeda79b5be 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/bv_delay_internalize.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/bv_delay_internalize.cpp
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ namespace bv {
             tmp = m.mk_or(literal2expr(b), tmp);
             xs.push_back(tmp);
         }
-    };
+    }
 
     /**
      * The i'th bit in xs is 1 if the least significant bit of x is i or lower.
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ namespace bv {
             tmp = m.mk_or(literal2expr(b), tmp);
             xs.push_back(tmp);
         }
-    };
+    }
 
     /**
     * Check non-overflow of unsigned multiplication.
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/bv_internalize.cpp b/src/sat/smt/bv_internalize.cpp
index e8ead77046..1625123829 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/bv_internalize.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/bv_internalize.cpp
@@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ namespace bv {
         case OP_BNEG:             internalize_un(mk_neg); break;
         case OP_BREDAND:          internalize_un(mk_redand); break;
         case OP_BREDOR:           internalize_un(mk_redor); break;
-        case OP_BSDIV_I:          internalize_bin(mk_sdiv); break;
-        case OP_BUDIV_I:          internalize_bin(mk_udiv); break;
-        case OP_BUREM_I:          internalize_bin(mk_urem); break;
-        case OP_BSREM_I:          internalize_bin(mk_srem); break;
-        case OP_BSMOD_I:          internalize_bin(mk_smod); break;
+        case OP_BSDIV_I:          internalize_bin(mk_sdiv); assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(a); break;
+        case OP_BUDIV_I:          internalize_bin(mk_udiv); assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(a); break;
+        case OP_BUREM_I:          internalize_bin(mk_urem); assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(a); break;
+        case OP_BSREM_I:          internalize_bin(mk_srem); assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(a); break;
+        case OP_BSMOD_I:          internalize_bin(mk_smod); assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(a); break;
         case OP_BSHL:             internalize_bin(mk_shl); break;
         case OP_BLSHR:            internalize_bin(mk_lshr); break;
         case OP_BASHR:            internalize_bin(mk_ashr); break;
@@ -202,6 +202,14 @@ namespace bv {
         case OP_BUMUL_NO_OVFL:    internalize_nfl(mk_umul_no_overflow); break;
         case OP_BSMUL_NO_OVFL:    internalize_nfl(mk_smul_no_overflow); break;
         case OP_BSMUL_NO_UDFL:    internalize_nfl(mk_smul_no_underflow); break;
+        case OP_BUMUL_OVFL:
+        case OP_BSMUL_OVFL:
+        case OP_BSDIV_OVFL:
+        case OP_BNEG_OVFL:
+        case OP_BUADD_OVFL:
+        case OP_BSADD_OVFL:
+        case OP_BUSUB_OVFL:
+        case OP_BSSUB_OVFL:       internalize_overflow(a); break;
         case OP_BIT2BOOL:         internalize_bit2bool(a); break;
         case OP_ULEQ:             internalize_le<false, false, false>(a); break;
         case OP_SLEQ:             internalize_le<true,  false, false>(a); break;
@@ -536,6 +544,20 @@ namespace bv {
         internalize_binary(a, bin);
     }
 
+    // Add, on the fly, the magnitude bound axioms for division/remainder operators.
+    // Uses the shared bv_util::mk_bv_divrem_bound clause builder so the axiom matches the one
+    // produced by the bv-divrem-bounds simplifier. Only fires for a symbolic divisor.
+    void solver::assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(app* a) {
+        expr_ref_vector clause(m);
+        bv.mk_bv_divrem_bound(a, clause);
+        if (clause.empty())
+            return;
+        sat::literal_vector lits;
+        for (expr* e : clause)
+            lits.push_back(mk_literal(e));
+        add_clause(lits);
+    }
+
     void solver::internalize_interp(app* n, std::function<expr* (expr*, expr*)>& ibin, std::function<expr* (expr*)>& iun) {
         bv_rewriter_params p(s().params());
         expr* arg1 = n->get_arg(0);
@@ -613,6 +635,102 @@ namespace bv {
         add_clause(def, ~l);
     }
 
+    void solver::internalize_overflow(app* n) {
+        expr_ref def_expr(m);
+        expr* arg0 = n->get_arg(0);
+
+        switch (n->get_decl_kind()) {
+        case OP_BUMUL_OVFL: {
+            SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == 2);
+            SASSERT(bv.get_bv_size(arg0) == bv.get_bv_size(n->get_arg(1)));
+            expr_ref no_ovfl(bv.mk_bvumul_no_ovfl(arg0, n->get_arg(1)), m);
+            def_expr = m.mk_not(no_ovfl);
+            break;
+        }
+        case OP_BSMUL_OVFL: {
+            SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == 2);
+            expr* arg1 = n->get_arg(1);
+            SASSERT(bv.get_bv_size(arg0) == bv.get_bv_size(arg1));
+            expr_ref no_ovfl(bv.mk_bvsmul_no_ovfl(arg0, arg1), m);
+            expr_ref no_udfl(bv.mk_bvsmul_no_udfl(arg0, arg1), m);
+            def_expr = m.mk_or(m.mk_not(no_ovfl), m.mk_not(no_udfl));
+            break;
+        }
+        case OP_BUADD_OVFL: {
+            SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == 2);
+            SASSERT(bv.get_bv_size(arg0) == bv.get_bv_size(n->get_arg(1)));
+            unsigned sz = bv.get_bv_size(arg0);
+            expr_ref a_ext(bv.mk_zero_extend(1, arg0), m);
+            expr_ref b_ext(bv.mk_zero_extend(1, n->get_arg(1)), m);
+            expr_ref sum(bv.mk_bv_add(a_ext, b_ext), m);
+            expr_ref carry(bv.mk_extract(sz, sz, sum), m);
+            expr_ref one(bv.mk_one(1), m);
+            def_expr = m.mk_eq(carry.get(), one.get());
+            break;
+        }
+        case OP_BSADD_OVFL: {
+            SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == 2);
+            expr* arg1 = n->get_arg(1);
+            SASSERT(bv.get_bv_size(arg0) == bv.get_bv_size(arg1));
+            unsigned sz = bv.get_bv_size(arg0);
+            expr_ref zero(bv.mk_zero(sz), m);
+            expr_ref sum(bv.mk_bv_add(arg0, arg1), m);
+            expr_ref a_pos(bv.mk_slt(zero, arg0), m);
+            expr_ref b_pos(bv.mk_slt(zero, arg1), m);
+            expr_ref sum_npos(bv.mk_sle(sum, zero), m);
+            expr_ref overflow(m.mk_and(a_pos, b_pos, sum_npos), m);
+            expr_ref a_neg(bv.mk_slt(arg0, zero), m);
+            expr_ref b_neg(bv.mk_slt(arg1, zero), m);
+            expr_ref sum_nneg(bv.mk_sle(zero, sum), m);
+            expr_ref underflow(m.mk_and(a_neg, b_neg, sum_nneg), m);
+            def_expr = m.mk_or(overflow, underflow);
+            break;
+        }
+        case OP_BUSUB_OVFL: {
+            SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == 2);
+            SASSERT(bv.get_bv_size(arg0) == bv.get_bv_size(n->get_arg(1)));
+            expr_ref ule(bv.mk_ule(n->get_arg(1), arg0), m);
+            def_expr = m.mk_not(ule);
+            break;
+        }
+        case OP_BSSUB_OVFL: {
+            SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == 2);
+            expr* arg1 = n->get_arg(1);
+            SASSERT(bv.get_bv_size(arg0) == bv.get_bv_size(arg1));
+            unsigned sz = bv.get_bv_size(arg0);
+            expr_ref minSigned(bv.mk_numeral(rational::power_of_two(sz - 1), sz), m);
+            expr_ref neg_b(bv.mk_bv_neg(arg1), m);
+            expr_ref saddo(bv.mk_bvsadd_ovfl(arg0, neg_b), m);
+            expr_ref zero(bv.mk_zero(sz), m);
+            expr_ref a_geq_zero(bv.mk_sle(zero, arg0), m);
+            expr_ref b_is_min(m.mk_eq(arg1, minSigned.get()), m);
+            def_expr = m.mk_ite(b_is_min, a_geq_zero, saddo);
+            break;
+        }
+        case OP_BSDIV_OVFL: {
+            SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == 2);
+            SASSERT(bv.get_bv_size(arg0) == bv.get_bv_size(n->get_arg(1)));
+            unsigned sz = bv.get_bv_size(arg0);
+            expr_ref minSigned(bv.mk_numeral(rational::power_of_two(sz - 1), sz), m);
+            expr_ref minusOne(bv.mk_numeral(rational::power_of_two(sz) - 1, sz), m);
+            def_expr = m.mk_and(m.mk_eq(arg0, minSigned.get()), m.mk_eq(n->get_arg(1), minusOne.get()));
+            break;
+        }
+        case OP_BNEG_OVFL: {
+            SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == 1);
+            unsigned sz = bv.get_bv_size(arg0);
+            expr_ref minSigned(bv.mk_numeral(rational::power_of_two(sz - 1), sz), m);
+            def_expr = m.mk_eq(arg0, minSigned.get());
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            UNREACHABLE();
+        }
+
+        sat::literal def = ctx.internalize(def_expr, false, false);
+        add_def(def, expr2literal(n));
+    }
+
     void solver::internalize_concat(app* n) {
         euf::enode* e = expr2enode(n);
         theory_var v = e->get_th_var(get_id());
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/bv_solver.cpp b/src/sat/smt/bv_solver.cpp
index 3ac6da3033..09299bbca6 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/bv_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/bv_solver.cpp
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ namespace bv {
         }
         func_decl* f = m.mk_func_decl(th, sorts.size(), sorts.data(), proof);
         return m.mk_app(f, args);
-    };
+    }
 
     void solver::asserted(literal l) {        
         atom* a = get_bv2a(l.var());
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/bv_solver.h b/src/sat/smt/bv_solver.h
index e059fd12f2..75d5a8d8d8 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/bv_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/bv_solver.h
@@ -286,7 +286,9 @@ namespace bv {
         void internalize_extract(app* n);
         void internalize_repeat(app* n);
         void internalize_bit2bool(app* n);
+        void internalize_overflow(app* n);
         void internalize_udiv_i(app* n);
+        void assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(app* n);
         template<bool Signed, bool Reverse, bool Negated>
         void internalize_le(app* n);
         void assert_bv2int_axiom(app * n);
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.cpp b/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.cpp
index 67a98b2f63..568df60342 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ namespace euf {
         SASSERT(ctx.s().at_base_lvl());
         auto* n = m_queue;
         inference* k = nullptr;
-        unsigned num_prop = static_cast<unsigned>(ctx.s().get_stats().m_conflict * ctx.m_config.m_dack_factor);
+        unsigned num_prop = static_cast<unsigned>(ctx.s().get_stats().m_conflicts * ctx.m_config.m_dack_factor);
         num_prop = std::min(num_prop, m_table.size());
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_prop; ++i, n = k) {
             k = n->next();
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.h b/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.h
index 846ddb8ae6..37ed814153 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.h
@@ -87,4 +87,4 @@ namespace euf {
         void propagate();
     };
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/euf_solver.h b/src/sat/smt/euf_solver.h
index 69017679c3..72fd6ebabb 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/euf_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/euf_solver.h
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ namespace euf {
         return p.display(out);
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, euf::solver const& s) {
     return s.display(out);
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/fpa_solver.cpp b/src/sat/smt/fpa_solver.cpp
index 7f39cd5ed3..238c7d57cc 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/fpa_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/fpa_solver.cpp
@@ -440,4 +440,4 @@ namespace fpa {
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/intblast_solver.cpp b/src/sat/smt/intblast_solver.cpp
index 0e3fa6ecb1..2b8468e16b 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/intblast_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/intblast_solver.cpp
@@ -133,8 +133,26 @@ namespace intblast {
         return true;
     }
 
+    bool solver::add_bv2int_axioms() {
+        auto const& bv2int = m_translator.bv2int();
+        if (m_bv2int_qhead == bv2int.size())
+            return false;
+        ctx.push(value_trail(m_bv2int_qhead));
+        for (; m_bv2int_qhead < bv2int.size(); ++m_bv2int_qhead) {
+            app* e = bv2int[m_bv2int_qhead];
+            expr_ref r(m_translator.translated(e), m);
+            if (r.get() == e)
+                continue;
+            ctx.get_rewriter()(r);
+            auto lit = ctx.mk_literal(m.mk_eq(e, r));
+            ctx.mark_relevant(lit);
+            add_unit(lit);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
     bool solver::unit_propagate() {
-        return add_bound_axioms() || add_predicate_axioms();
+        return add_bound_axioms() || add_predicate_axioms() || add_bv2int_axioms();
     }    
 
     lbool solver::check_axiom(sat::literal_vector const& lits) {
@@ -312,7 +330,7 @@ namespace intblast {
             }
         }
         return r;
-    };
+    }
 
     bool solver::is_bv(sat::literal lit) {
         expr* e = ctx.bool_var2expr(lit.var());
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/intblast_solver.h b/src/sat/smt/intblast_solver.h
index d840e389f3..09f4645443 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/intblast_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/intblast_solver.h
@@ -82,13 +82,14 @@ namespace intblast {
 
         bool add_bound_axioms();
         bool add_predicate_axioms();
+        bool add_bv2int_axioms();
 
         euf::theory_var mk_var(euf::enode* n) override;
 
         void add_value_plugin(euf::enode* n, model& mdl, expr_ref_vector& values);
         void add_value_solver(euf::enode* n, model& mdl, expr_ref_vector& values);
 
-        unsigned m_vars_qhead = 0, m_preds_qhead = 0;
+        unsigned m_vars_qhead = 0, m_preds_qhead = 0, m_bv2int_qhead = 0;
 
 
     public:
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/pb_constraint.h b/src/sat/smt/pb_constraint.h
index 4c6f69e077..15e885ae2d 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/pb_constraint.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/pb_constraint.h
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ namespace pb {
 
         virtual bool validate_unit_propagation(solver_interface const& s, literal alit) const = 0;
         
-        virtual bool is_watching(literal l) const { UNREACHABLE(); return false; };
+        virtual bool is_watching(literal l) const { UNREACHABLE(); return false; }
         virtual literal_vector literals() const { UNREACHABLE(); return literal_vector(); }
         virtual void swap(unsigned i, unsigned j) noexcept { UNREACHABLE(); }
         virtual literal get_lit(unsigned i) const { UNREACHABLE(); return sat::null_literal; }
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/pb_solver.cpp b/src/sat/smt/pb_solver.cpp
index 3dd7f6eeee..f4e8c2b376 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/pb_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/pb_solver.cpp
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ namespace pb {
     }
 
     void solver::ineq::divide(unsigned c) {
-        if (c == 1) return;
+        if (c <= 1) return;
         for (unsigned i = size(); i-- > 0; ) {
             m_wlits[i].first = (coeff(i) + c - 1) / c;
         }
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ namespace pb {
      */
     void solver::round_to_one(ineq& ineq, bool_var v) {
         unsigned c = ineq.bv_coeff(v);
-        if (c == 1) return;
+        if (c <= 1) return;
         unsigned sz = ineq.size();
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
             unsigned ci = ineq.coeff(i); 
@@ -3795,6 +3795,6 @@ namespace pb {
         return true;
     }
     
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/pb_solver.h b/src/sat/smt/pb_solver.h
index 67c55c9d58..c73ad8f9ef 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/pb_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/pb_solver.h
@@ -418,5 +418,5 @@ namespace pb {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/q_mbi.cpp b/src/sat/smt/q_mbi.cpp
index 41d5b867a2..f390351df7 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/q_mbi.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/q_mbi.cpp
@@ -499,8 +499,12 @@ namespace q {
                 IF_VERBOSE(0,
                     verbose_stream() << mk_pp(s, m) << " := " << (*m_model)(s) << "\n";
                 verbose_stream() << term << " := " << (*m_model)(term) << "\n";
-                verbose_stream() << value << " -> " << (*m_model)(ctx.values2root()[(*m_model)(term)]->get_expr()) << "\n";
-                verbose_stream() << (*m_model)(s) << " -> " << (*m_model)(ctx.values2root()[(*m_model)(s)]->get_expr()) << "\n";
+                euf::enode* nr = nullptr;
+                auto const& v2r = ctx.values2root();
+                if (v2r.find((*m_model)(term), nr))
+                    verbose_stream() << value << " -> " << (*m_model)(nr->get_expr()) << "\n";
+                if (v2r.find((*m_model)(s), nr))
+                    verbose_stream() << (*m_model)(s) << " -> " << (*m_model)(nr->get_expr()) << "\n";
                 verbose_stream() << *m_model << "\n";);
             }
             eqs.push_back(eq);
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/q_queue.h b/src/sat/smt/q_queue.h
index 3750ee31ba..256061aab7 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/q_queue.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/q_queue.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Author:
 
 namespace euf {
     class solver;
-};
+}
 
 namespace q {
 
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/user_solver.h b/src/sat/smt/user_solver.h
index 4bdfcf064f..df56bc1c98 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/user_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/user_solver.h
@@ -169,4 +169,4 @@ namespace user_solver {
         euf::th_solver* clone(euf::solver& ctx) override;
 
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/shell/CMakeLists.txt b/src/shell/CMakeLists.txt
index c0e9c85050..22c0719660 100644
--- a/src/shell/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/shell/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ set (shell_object_files "")
 
 # We are only using these dependencies to enforce a build
 # order. We don't use this list for actual linking.
-set(shell_deps api extra_cmds opt sat)
+set(shell_deps api extra_cmds z3_opt sat)
 z3_expand_dependencies(shell_expanded_deps ${shell_deps})
 get_property(Z3_LIBZ3_COMPONENTS_LIST GLOBAL PROPERTY Z3_LIBZ3_COMPONENTS)
 foreach (component ${Z3_LIBZ3_COMPONENTS_LIST})
diff --git a/src/shell/main.cpp b/src/shell/main.cpp
index 19e617e559..0703f731f7 100644
--- a/src/shell/main.cpp
+++ b/src/shell/main.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "shell/dimacs_frontend.h"
 #include "shell/datalog_frontend.h"
 #include "shell/opt_frontend.h"
+#include "cmd_context/tptp_frontend.h"
 #include "util/timeout.h"
 #include "util/z3_exception.h"
 #include "util/error_codes.h"
@@ -43,14 +44,14 @@ Revision History:
 #include <crtdbg.h>
 #endif
 
-typedef enum { IN_UNSPECIFIED, IN_SMTLIB_2, IN_DATALOG, IN_DIMACS, IN_WCNF, IN_OPB, IN_LP, IN_Z3_LOG, IN_DRAT } input_kind;
+typedef enum { IN_UNSPECIFIED, IN_SMTLIB_2, IN_DATALOG, IN_DIMACS, IN_WCNF, IN_OPB, IN_LP, IN_Z3_LOG, IN_DRAT, IN_TPTP } input_kind;
 
 static char const * g_input_file          = nullptr;
 static char const * g_drat_input_file     = nullptr;
 static bool         g_standard_input      = false;
 static input_kind   g_input_kind          = IN_UNSPECIFIED;
-bool                g_display_statistics  = false;
-bool                g_display_model       = false;
+extern bool         g_display_statistics;
+extern bool         g_display_model;
 static bool         g_display_istatistics = false;
 
 static void error(const char * msg) {
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ void display_usage() {
     std::cout << "  -opb        use parser for PB optimization input format.\n";
     std::cout << "  -lp         use parser for a modest subset of CPLEX LP input format.\n";
     std::cout << "  -log        use parser for Z3 log input format.\n";
+    std::cout << "  -tptp       use parser for TPTP input format (fof/cnf/tff/thf fragments).\n";
     std::cout << "  -in         read formula from standard input.\n";
     std::cout << "  -model      display model for satisfiable SMT.\n";
     std::cout << "\nMiscellaneous:\n";
@@ -130,6 +132,15 @@ static bool validate_is_ulong(char const* s) {
             return false;
     return true;
 }
+
+static bool is_tptp_extension(char const* ext) {
+    static char const* tptp_extensions[] = {"p", "tptp", "fof", "cnf", "tff", "thf"};
+    for (char const* known_ext : tptp_extensions) {
+        if (strcmp(ext, known_ext) == 0)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
    
 static void parse_cmd_line_args(std::string& input_file, int argc, char ** argv) {
     long timeout = 0;
@@ -214,6 +225,9 @@ static void parse_cmd_line_args(std::string& input_file, int argc, char ** argv)
             else if (strcmp(opt_name, "log") == 0) {
                 g_input_kind = IN_Z3_LOG;
             }
+            else if (strcmp(opt_name, "tptp") == 0) {
+                g_input_kind = IN_TPTP;
+            }
             else if (strcmp(opt_name, "st") == 0) {
                 g_display_statistics = true; 
                 gparams::set("stats", "true");
@@ -323,10 +337,35 @@ static void parse_cmd_line_args(std::string& input_file, int argc, char ** argv)
             }
         }
         else if (argv[i][0] != '"' && (eq_pos = strchr(argv[i], '='))) {
-            char * key   = argv[i];
-            *eq_pos      = 0;
-            char * value = eq_pos+1; 
-            gparams::set(key, value);
+            // If the argument looks like a file path (contains path separators
+            // or has a file extension), treat it as a filename rather than
+            // a parameter assignment. This handles files with '=' in their names.
+            bool is_filepath = strchr(argv[i], '/') || strchr(argv[i], '\\');
+            if (!is_filepath) {
+                char const * ext = get_extension(argv[i]);
+                if (ext && (strcmp(ext, "smt2") == 0 || strcmp(ext, "smt") == 0 ||
+                            strcmp(ext, "dimacs") == 0 || strcmp(ext, "cnf") == 0 ||
+                            strcmp(ext, "wcnf") == 0 || strcmp(ext, "opb") == 0 ||
+                            strcmp(ext, "lp") == 0 || strcmp(ext, "log") == 0 ||
+                            strcmp(ext, "drat") == 0 || strcmp(ext, "p") == 0))
+                    is_filepath = true;
+            }
+            if (is_filepath) {
+                if (get_extension(arg) && strcmp(get_extension(arg), "drat") == 0) {
+                    g_input_kind = IN_DRAT;
+                    g_drat_input_file = arg;
+                }
+                else if (g_input_file)
+                    warning_msg("input file was already specified.");
+                else
+                    g_input_file = arg;
+            }
+            else {
+                char * key   = argv[i];
+                *eq_pos      = 0;
+                char * value = eq_pos+1; 
+                gparams::set(key, value);
+            }
         }
         else {
             if (get_extension(arg) && strcmp(get_extension(arg), "drat") == 0) {
@@ -387,6 +426,9 @@ int STD_CALL main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 else if (strcmp(ext, "smt2") == 0) {
                     g_input_kind = IN_SMTLIB_2;
                 }
+                else if (is_tptp_extension(ext)) {
+                    g_input_kind = IN_TPTP;
+                }
             }
         }
         switch (g_input_kind) {
@@ -415,6 +457,9 @@ int STD_CALL main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         case IN_DRAT:
             return_value = read_drat(g_drat_input_file);
             break;
+        case IN_TPTP:
+            return_value = read_tptp(g_input_file);
+            break;
         default:
             UNREACHABLE();
         }
@@ -434,4 +479,3 @@ int STD_CALL main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             return ERR_INTERNAL_FATAL;
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/src/smt/CMakeLists.txt b/src/smt/CMakeLists.txt
index 98e79f4840..a35b809e18 100644
--- a/src/smt/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/smt/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ z3_add_component(smt
     theory_char.cpp
     theory_datatype.cpp
     theory_dense_diff_logic.cpp
+    theory_finite_set.cpp
+    theory_finite_set_size.cpp
     theory_diff_logic.cpp
     theory_dl.cpp
     theory_dummy.cpp
diff --git a/src/smt/arith_eq_adapter.cpp b/src/smt/arith_eq_adapter.cpp
index 56729af177..ba578b1850 100644
--- a/src/smt/arith_eq_adapter.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/arith_eq_adapter.cpp
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ namespace smt {
               tout << mk_ismt2_pp(n1->get_expr(), m) << "\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(n2->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
         if (n1->get_owner_id() > n2->get_owner_id())
             std::swap(n1, n2);
-        app * t1        = n1->get_expr();
-        app * t2        = n2->get_expr();
+        expr * t1        = n1->get_expr();
+        expr * t2        = n2->get_expr();
         if (m.are_distinct(t1, t2)) {
             expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(t1, t2), m);
             ctx.internalize(eq, true);
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
     void arith_eq_adapter::new_eq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
         TRACE(arith_eq_adapter, tout << "v" << v1 << " = v" << v2 << " #" << get_enode(v1)->get_owner_id() << " = #" << get_enode(v2)->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
-        TRACE(arith_eq_adapter_bug, tout << mk_bounded_pp(get_enode(v1)->get_expr(), get_manager()) << "\n" << mk_bounded_pp(get_enode(v2)->get_expr(), get_manager()) << "\n";);
+        TRACE(arith_eq_adapter_bug, tout << mk_bounded_pp(get_expr(v1), get_manager()) << "\n" << mk_bounded_pp(get_expr(v2), get_manager()) << "\n";);
         mk_axioms(get_enode(v1), get_enode(v2));
     }
 
@@ -278,5 +278,5 @@ namespace smt {
             out << "eq_adapter: #" << n1->get_owner_id() << " #" << n2->get_owner_id() << "\n";
         }
     }
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/arith_eq_adapter.h b/src/smt/arith_eq_adapter.h
index 22dfcacb0e..b719d7e451 100644
--- a/src/smt/arith_eq_adapter.h
+++ b/src/smt/arith_eq_adapter.h
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ namespace smt {
         context & get_context() const { return m_owner.get_context(); }
         ast_manager & get_manager() const { return m_owner.get_manager(); }
         enode * get_enode(theory_var v) const { return m_owner.get_enode(v); }
+        expr * get_expr(theory_var v) const { return m_owner.get_expr(v); }
 
     public:
         arith_eq_adapter(theory & owner, arith_util & u):m_owner(owner), m_util(u) {}
@@ -85,6 +86,6 @@ namespace smt {
         void collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const;
         void display_already_processed(std::ostream & out) const;
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/arith_eq_solver.cpp b/src/smt/arith_eq_solver.cpp
index 387d10862e..24e0d1e475 100644
--- a/src/smt/arith_eq_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/arith_eq_solver.cpp
@@ -53,10 +53,7 @@ void arith_eq_solver::prop_mod_const(expr * e, unsigned depth, numeral const& k,
     numeral n;
     bool is_int;
 
-    if (depth == 0) {
-        result = e;
-    }
-    else if (m_util.is_add(e) || m_util.is_mul(e)) {
+    if (depth != 0 && (m_util.is_add(e) || m_util.is_mul(e))) {
         expr_ref_vector args(m);
         expr_ref tmp(m);
         app* a = to_app(e);
@@ -66,7 +63,7 @@ void arith_eq_solver::prop_mod_const(expr * e, unsigned depth, numeral const& k,
         }
         m_arith_rewriter.mk_app(a->get_decl(), args.size(), args.data(), result);
     }
-    else if (m_util.is_numeral(e, n, is_int) && is_int) {
+    else if (depth != 0 && m_util.is_numeral(e, n, is_int) && is_int) {
         result = m_util.mk_numeral(mod(n, k), true);
     }
     else {
diff --git a/src/smt/dyn_ack.cpp b/src/smt/dyn_ack.cpp
index a2a96e8a47..12fcc9754d 100644
--- a/src/smt/dyn_ack.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/dyn_ack.cpp
@@ -101,14 +101,14 @@ namespace smt {
     };
 
     class dyn_ack_eq_justification : public justification {
-        app *     m_app1;
-        app *     m_app2;
-        app *     m_r;
+        expr *     m_app1;
+        expr *     m_app2;
+        expr *     m_r;
         app *     m_eq1;
         app *     m_eq2;
         app *     m_eq3;
     public:
-        dyn_ack_eq_justification(app * n1, app * n2, app* r, app* eq1, app* eq2, app* eq3):
+        dyn_ack_eq_justification(expr * n1, expr * n2, expr* r, app* eq1, app* eq2, app* eq3):
             justification(false), // dyn_ack_cc_justifications are not stored in regions.
             m_app1(n1), 
             m_app2(n2), 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
     dyn_ack_manager::~dyn_ack_manager() {
         reset_app_pairs();
-        reset_app_triples();
+        reset_expr_triples();
     }
 
     void dyn_ack_manager::reset_app_pairs() {
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ namespace smt {
         m_num_propagations_since_last_gc = 0;
 
         m_triple.m_app2num_occs.reset();
-        reset_app_triples();
+        reset_expr_triples();
         m_triple.m_to_instantiate.reset();
         m_triple.m_qhead = 0;
     }
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
-    void dyn_ack_manager::eq_eh(app * n1, app * n2, app* r) {
+    void dyn_ack_manager::eq_eh(expr * n1, expr * n2, expr* r) {
         if (n1 == n2 || r == n1 || r == n2 || m.is_bool(n1)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ namespace smt {
             std::swap(n1,n2);
         TRACE(dyn_ack, 
               tout << mk_pp(n1, m) << " = " << mk_pp(n2, m) << " = " << mk_pp(r, m) << "\n";);
-        app_triple tr(n1, n2, r);
+        expr_triple tr(n1, n2, r);
         if (m_triple.m_instantiated.contains(tr)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ namespace smt {
             SASSERT(!m_app_pair2num_occs.contains(a1, a2));
             return;
         }
-        app_triple tr(0,0,0);
+        expr_triple tr(0,0,0);
         if (m_triple.m_clause2apps.find(cls, tr)) {
             [[maybe_unused]] auto [a1, a2, a3] = tr;
             SASSERT(a1 && a2 && a3);
@@ -451,9 +451,8 @@ namespace smt {
         m_triple.m_clause2apps.reset();
     }
 
-    void dyn_ack_manager::reset_app_triples() {
-        for (app_triple& p : m_triple.m_apps) {
-            auto [a1, a2, a3] = p;
+    void dyn_ack_manager::reset_expr_triples() {
+        for (auto &[a1,a2,a3] : m_triple.m_apps) {
             m.dec_ref(a1);
             m.dec_ref(a2);
             m.dec_ref(a3);
@@ -461,7 +460,7 @@ namespace smt {
         m_triple.m_apps.reset();
     }
 
-    void dyn_ack_manager::instantiate(app * n1, app * n2, app* r) {
+    void dyn_ack_manager::instantiate(expr * n1, expr * n2, expr* r) {
         context& ctx = m_context;
         SASSERT(m_params.m_dack != dyn_ack_strategy::DACK_DISABLED);
         SASSERT(n1 != n2 && n1 != r && n2 != r);
@@ -471,7 +470,7 @@ namespace smt {
               << mk_pp(n2, m) << "\n"
               << mk_pp(r,  m) << "\n";
               );
-        app_triple tr(n1, n2, r);
+        expr_triple tr(n1, n2, r);
         SASSERT(m_triple.m_app2num_occs.contains(n1, n2, r));
         m_triple.m_app2num_occs.erase(n1, n2, r);
         // pair n1,n2 is still in m_triple.m_apps
@@ -504,22 +503,22 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
 
-    struct app_triple_lt { 
-        typedef triple<app *, app *, app*>          app_triple;
-        typedef obj_triple_map<app, app, app, unsigned> app_triple2num_occs;
-        app_triple2num_occs &  m_app_triple2num_occs;
+    struct expr_triple_lt { 
+        typedef triple<expr *, expr *,expr *>          expr_triple;
+        typedef obj_triple_map<expr, expr, expr, unsigned> expr_triple2num_occs;
+        expr_triple2num_occs &  m_expr_triple2num_occs;
         
-        app_triple_lt(app_triple2num_occs & m):
-            m_app_triple2num_occs(m) {
+        expr_triple_lt(expr_triple2num_occs & m):
+            m_expr_triple2num_occs(m) {
         }
         
-        bool operator()(app_triple const & p1, app_triple const & p2) const {
+        bool operator()(expr_triple const & p1, expr_triple const & p2) const {
             auto [a1_1, a1_2, a1_3] = p1;
             auto [a2_1, a2_2, a2_3] = p2;
             unsigned n1 = 0;
             unsigned n2 = 0;
-            m_app_triple2num_occs.find(a1_1, a1_2, a1_3, n1);
-            m_app_triple2num_occs.find(a2_1, a2_2, a2_3, n2);
+            m_expr_triple2num_occs.find(a1_1, a1_2, a1_3, n1);
+            m_expr_triple2num_occs.find(a2_1, a2_2, a2_3, n2);
             SASSERT(n1 > 0);
             SASSERT(n2 > 0);
             return n1 > n2;
@@ -530,11 +529,11 @@ namespace smt {
         TRACE(dyn_ack, tout << "dyn_ack GC\n";);
         m_triple.m_to_instantiate.reset();
         m_triple.m_qhead = 0;
-        svector<app_triple>::iterator it  = m_triple.m_apps.begin();
-        svector<app_triple>::iterator end = m_triple.m_apps.end();
-        svector<app_triple>::iterator it2 = it;
+        svector<expr_triple>::iterator it  = m_triple.m_apps.begin();
+        svector<expr_triple>::iterator end = m_triple.m_apps.end();
+        svector<expr_triple>::iterator it2 = it;
         for (; it != end; ++it) {
-            app_triple & p = *it;
+            expr_triple & p = *it;
             auto [a1, a2, a3] = p;
             if (m_triple.m_instantiated.contains(p)) {
                 TRACE(dyn_ack, tout << "1) erasing:\n" << mk_pp(a1, m) << "\n" << mk_pp(a2, m) << "\n";);
@@ -548,7 +547,7 @@ namespace smt {
             m_triple.m_app2num_occs.find(a1, a2, a3, num_occs);
             // The following invariant is not true. a1 and
             // a2 may have been instantiated, and removed from
-            // m_app_triple2num_occs, but not from m_app_triples.
+            // m_triple.m_app2num_occs, but not from m_triple.m_apps.
             //
             // SASSERT(num_occs > 0);
             num_occs = static_cast<unsigned>(num_occs * m_params.m_dack_gc_inv_decay);
@@ -568,8 +567,8 @@ namespace smt {
                 m_triple.m_to_instantiate.push_back(p);
         }
         m_triple.m_apps.set_end(it2);
-        app_triple_lt f(m_triple.m_app2num_occs);
-        // app_triple_lt is not a total order
+        expr_triple_lt f(m_triple.m_app2num_occs);
+        // expr_triple_lt is not a total order
         std::stable_sort(m_triple.m_to_instantiate.begin(), m_triple.m_to_instantiate.end(), f);
     }
 
@@ -588,4 +587,4 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 #endif
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/dyn_ack.h b/src/smt/dyn_ack.h
index 00c220c439..6d239d27b2 100644
--- a/src/smt/dyn_ack.h
+++ b/src/smt/dyn_ack.h
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ namespace smt {
         typedef obj_pair_hashtable<app, app>      app_pair_set;
         typedef obj_map<clause, app_pair>         clause2app_pair;
 
-        typedef triple<app *, app *,app *>        app_triple;
-        typedef obj_triple_map<app, app, app, unsigned>  app_triple2num_occs;
-        typedef svector<app_triple>                 app_triple_vector;
-        typedef obj_triple_hashtable<app, app, app>      app_triple_set;
-        typedef obj_map<clause, app_triple>         clause2app_triple;
+        typedef triple<expr *, expr *,expr *>        expr_triple;
+        typedef obj_triple_map<expr, expr, expr, unsigned>  expr_triple2num_occs;
+        typedef svector<expr_triple>                 expr_triple_vector;
+        typedef obj_triple_hashtable<expr, expr, expr>      expr_triple_set;
+        typedef obj_map<clause, expr_triple>         clause2expr_triple;
 
         context &                                  m_context;
         ast_manager &                              m;
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ namespace smt {
         clause2app_pair                            m_clause2app_pair;
 
         struct _triple {
-            app_triple2num_occs                    m_app2num_occs;
-            app_triple_vector                      m_apps;
-            app_triple_vector                      m_to_instantiate;
+            expr_triple2num_occs                   m_app2num_occs;
+            expr_triple_vector                     m_apps;
+            expr_triple_vector                     m_to_instantiate;
             unsigned                               m_qhead;
             unsigned                               m_num_instances;
             unsigned                               m_num_propagations_since_last_gc;
-            app_triple_set                         m_instantiated;
-            clause2app_triple                      m_clause2apps;
+            expr_triple_set                        m_instantiated;
+            clause2expr_triple                     m_clause2apps;
         };
         _triple                                    m_triple;
         
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ namespace smt {
         literal mk_eq(expr * n1, expr * n2);
         void cg_eh(app * n1, app * n2);
 
-        void eq_eh(app * n1, app * n2, app* r);
-        void instantiate(app * n1, app * n2, app* r);
-        void reset_app_triples();
+        void eq_eh(expr * n1, expr * n2, expr* r);
+        void instantiate(expr * n1, expr * n2, expr* r);
+        void reset_expr_triples();
         void gc_triples();
         
     public:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace smt {
         /**
            \brief This method is invoked when equalities are used during conflict resolution.
         */
-        void used_eq_eh(app * n1, app * n2, app* r) {
+        void used_eq_eh(expr * n1, expr * n2, expr* r) {
             if (m_params.m_dack_eq)
                 eq_eh(n1, n2, r);
         }
@@ -130,6 +130,6 @@ namespace smt {
 #endif
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/expr_context_simplifier.cpp b/src/smt/expr_context_simplifier.cpp
index 852da2f11d..0d5bcd6058 100644
--- a/src/smt/expr_context_simplifier.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/expr_context_simplifier.cpp
@@ -401,10 +401,7 @@ void expr_strong_context_simplifier::simplify_basic(expr* fml, expr_ref& result)
                     args.push_back(arg);
                 }
             }
-            else if (!m.is_bool(arg)) {
-                args.push_back(arg);
-            }
-            else if (!n2) {                
+            else if (!n2 && m.is_bool(arg)) {                
                 n2 = m.mk_app(m_fn, m_arith.mk_numeral(rational(id++), true));
                 todo.push_back(arg);
                 parent_ids.push_back(self_pos);
@@ -677,10 +674,7 @@ void expr_strong_context_simplifier::simplify_model_based(expr* fml, expr_ref& r
                     args.push_back(arg);
                 }
             }
-            else if (!m.is_bool(arg)) {
-                args.push_back(arg);
-            }
-            else if (!n2) {                
+            else if (!n2 && m.is_bool(arg)) {                
                 n2 = m.mk_app(m_fn, m_arith.mk_numeral(rational(id++), true));
                 todo.push_back(arg);
                 parent_ids.push_back(self_pos);
diff --git a/src/smt/fingerprints.cpp b/src/smt/fingerprints.cpp
index f59d1dc3f9..6a7d176965 100644
--- a/src/smt/fingerprints.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/fingerprints.cpp
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ Revision History:
 
 namespace smt {
 
-    fingerprint::fingerprint(region & r, void * d, unsigned d_h, expr* def, unsigned n, enode * const * args):
+    fingerprint::fingerprint(region & r, void * d, unsigned d_h, unsigned n, enode * const * args):
         m_data(d), 
         m_data_hash(d_h),
-        m_def(def),
         m_num_args(n), 
         m_args(nullptr) {
         m_args = new (r) enode*[n];
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     
-    fingerprint * fingerprint_set::insert(void * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args, expr* def) {
+    fingerprint * fingerprint_set::insert(void * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args) {
         
         struct arg_data {
             unsigned data_hash;
@@ -93,9 +92,8 @@ namespace smt {
             return nullptr;
         }
         TRACE(fingerprint_bug, tout << "inserting @" << m_scopes.size() << " " << *d;);
-        fingerprint * f = new (m_region) fingerprint(m_region, data, data_hash, def, num_args, d->m_args);
+        fingerprint * f = new (m_region) fingerprint(m_region, data, data_hash, num_args, d->m_args);
         m_fingerprints.push_back(f);
-        m_defs.push_back(def);
         m_set.insert(f);
         return f;
     }
@@ -106,15 +104,12 @@ namespace smt {
             return true;
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i)
             d->m_args[i] = d->m_args[i]->get_root();
-        if (m_set.contains(d))
-            return true;
-        return false;
+        return m_set.contains(d);
     }
     
     void fingerprint_set::reset() {
         m_set.reset();
         m_fingerprints.reset();
-        m_defs.reset();
     }
         
     void fingerprint_set::push_scope() {
@@ -134,7 +129,6 @@ namespace smt {
                 m_set.erase(m_fingerprints[i]);
         }
         m_fingerprints.shrink(old_size);
-        m_defs.shrink(old_size);
         m_scopes.shrink(new_lvl);
         TRACE(fingerprint_bug, tout << "pop @" << m_scopes.size() << "\n";);
     }
@@ -171,4 +165,4 @@ namespace smt {
 #endif
 
     
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/fingerprints.h b/src/smt/fingerprints.h
index 6a0bc1ccd2..93f6a115e7 100644
--- a/src/smt/fingerprints.h
+++ b/src/smt/fingerprints.h
@@ -27,16 +27,14 @@ namespace smt {
     protected:
         void*         m_data = nullptr;
         unsigned      m_data_hash = 0;
-        expr*         m_def = nullptr;
         unsigned      m_num_args = 0;
         enode**       m_args = nullptr;
 
         friend class fingerprint_set;
         fingerprint() = default;
     public:
-        fingerprint(region & r, void * d, unsigned d_hash, expr* def, unsigned n, enode * const * args);
+        fingerprint(region & r, void * d, unsigned d_hash, unsigned n, enode * const * args);
         void * get_data() const { return m_data; }
-        expr * get_def() const { return m_def; }
         unsigned get_data_hash() const { return m_data_hash; }
         unsigned get_num_args() const { return m_num_args;  }
         enode * const * get_args() const { return m_args; }
@@ -59,7 +57,6 @@ namespace smt {
         region &                 m_region;
         set                      m_set;
         ptr_vector<fingerprint>  m_fingerprints;
-        expr_ref_vector          m_defs;
         unsigned_vector          m_scopes;
         ptr_vector<enode>        m_tmp;
         fingerprint              m_dummy;
@@ -67,8 +64,8 @@ namespace smt {
         fingerprint * mk_dummy(void * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args);
 
     public:
-        fingerprint_set(ast_manager& m, region & r): m_region(r), m_defs(m) {}
-        fingerprint * insert(void * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args, expr* def);
+        fingerprint_set(ast_manager& m, region & r): m_region(r) {}
+        fingerprint * insert(void * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args);
         unsigned size() const { return m_fingerprints.size(); }
         bool contains(void * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args);
         void reset();
@@ -79,6 +76,6 @@ namespace smt {
         bool slow_contains(void const * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args) const;
 #endif
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/mam.cpp b/src/smt/mam.cpp
index a27fc293fa..485228f059 100644
--- a/src/smt/mam.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/mam.cpp
@@ -1114,8 +1114,9 @@ namespace {
                         best_j         = j;
                     }
                 }
+                if (best == nullptr)
+                    continue;
                 m_mp_already_processed[best_j] = true;
-                SASSERT(best != 0);
                 app * p                 = best;
                 func_decl * lbl         = p->get_decl();
                 unsigned short num_args = p->get_num_args();
@@ -1225,7 +1226,11 @@ namespace {
 
             SASSERT(head->m_next == 0);
 
-            m_seq.push_back(m_ct_manager.mk_yield(m_qa, m_mp, m_qa->get_num_decls(), reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(m_vars.begin())));
+            unsigned num_decls = m_qa->get_num_decls();
+            unsigned_vector var_regs(num_decls);
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_decls; ++i)
+                var_regs[i] = static_cast<unsigned>(m_vars[i]);
+            m_seq.push_back(m_ct_manager.mk_yield(m_qa, m_mp, num_decls, var_regs.data()));
 
             for (instruction* curr : m_seq) {
                 head->m_next = curr;
@@ -1360,6 +1365,7 @@ namespace {
                 // to check it again.
                 get_check_mark(reg) == NOT_CHECKED &&
                 is_ground(m_registers[reg]) &&
+                instr->m_enode != nullptr &&
                 get_pat_lbl_hash(reg) == instr->m_enode->get_lbl_hash();
         }
 
@@ -1875,7 +1881,7 @@ namespace {
         }
 
         void update_max_generation(enode * n, enode * prev) {
-            m_max_generation = std::max(m_max_generation, n->get_generation());
+            m_max_generation = std::max(m_max_generation, m_context.get_generation(n));
 
             if (m.has_trace_stream() || is_trace_enabled(TraceTag::causality))
                 m_used_enodes.push_back(std::make_tuple(prev, n));
@@ -1908,6 +1914,7 @@ namespace {
             return nullptr;
         }
 
+
         /**
            \brief Execute the is_cgr instruction.
            Return true if succeeded, and false if backtracking is needed.
@@ -2043,7 +2050,7 @@ namespace {
         void get_min_max_top_generation(unsigned& min, unsigned& max) {
             SASSERT(!m_pattern_instances.empty());
             if (m_min_top_generation.empty()) {
-                min = max = m_pattern_instances[0]->get_generation();
+                min = max = m_context.get_generation(m_pattern_instances[0]);
                 m_min_top_generation.push_back(min);
                 m_max_top_generation.push_back(max);
             }
@@ -2052,7 +2059,7 @@ namespace {
                 max = m_max_top_generation.back();
             }
             for (unsigned i = m_min_top_generation.size(); i < m_pattern_instances.size(); ++i) {
-                unsigned curr = m_pattern_instances[i]->get_generation();
+                unsigned curr = m_context.get_generation(m_pattern_instances[i]);
                 min = std::min(min, curr);
                 m_min_top_generation.push_back(min);
                 max = std::max(max, curr);
@@ -2293,7 +2300,8 @@ namespace {
         m_min_top_generation.reset();
         m_max_top_generation.reset();
         m_pattern_instances.push_back(n);
-        m_max_generation = n->get_generation();
+
+        m_max_generation = m_context.get_generation(n);
 
         if (m.has_trace_stream() || is_trace_enabled(TraceTag::causality)) {
             m_used_enodes.reset();
@@ -2533,7 +2541,7 @@ namespace {
         case YIELD1:
             m_bindings[0] = m_registers[static_cast<const yield *>(m_pc)->m_bindings[0]];
 #define ON_MATCH(NUM)                                                   \
-            m_max_generation = std::max(m_max_generation, get_max_generation(NUM, m_bindings.begin())); \
+            m_max_generation = std::max(m_max_generation, m_context.get_max_generation(NUM, m_bindings.begin())); \
             if (m_context.get_cancel_flag()) {                          \
                 return false;                                           \
             }                                                           \
@@ -2737,7 +2745,7 @@ namespace {
 #define BBIND_COMMON() m_b   = static_cast<const bind*>(bp.m_instr);                                                            \
                        m_n1  = m_registers[m_b->m_ireg];                                                                        \
                        m_app = get_next_f_app(m_b->m_label, m_b->m_num_args, m_n1, bp.m_curr); \
-                       if (m_app == 0) {                                                                                        \
+                       if (!m_app) {                                                                                        \
                            m_top--;                                                                                             \
                            goto backtrack;                                                                                      \
                        }                                                                                                        \
@@ -2908,6 +2916,8 @@ namespace {
             SASSERT(m.is_pattern(mp));
             SASSERT(first_idx < mp->get_num_args());
             app * p           = to_app(mp->get_arg(first_idx));
+            if (is_ground(p))
+                return;
             func_decl * lbl   = p->get_decl();
             unsigned lbl_id   = lbl->get_small_id();
             m_trees.reserve(lbl_id+1, nullptr);
@@ -3735,7 +3745,7 @@ namespace {
         }
 
         void match_new_patterns() {
-            TRACE(mam_new_pat, tout << "matching new patterns:\n";);
+            TRACE(mam, tout << "matching new patterns:\n";);
             m_tmp_trees_to_delete.reset();
             for (auto const& kv : m_new_patterns) {
                 if (m_context.get_cancel_flag()) {
@@ -3781,8 +3791,14 @@ namespace {
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_patterns; ++i) {
                 app * pat = to_app(mp->get_arg(i));
                 TRACE(mam_pat, tout << mk_ismt2_pp(qa, m) << "\npat:\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(pat, m) << "\n";);
-                SASSERT(!pat->is_ground());
-                todo.push_back(pat);
+                if (pat->is_ground()) {
+                    enode * e = mk_enode(m_context, qa, pat);
+                    m_context.mark_as_relevant(e);
+                    m_context.push_trail(add_shared_enode_trail(*this, e));
+                    m_shared_enodes.insert(e);
+                }
+                else
+                    todo.push_back(pat);
             }
             while (!todo.empty()) {
                 app * n = todo.back();
@@ -3833,10 +3849,10 @@ namespace {
             // Ground patterns are discarded.
             // However, the simplifier may turn a non-ground pattern into a ground one.
             // So, we should check it again here.
-            unsigned num_patterns = mp->get_num_args();
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_patterns; ++i)
-                if (is_ground(mp->get_arg(i)))
-                    return; // ignore multi-pattern containing ground pattern.
+            if (all_of(*mp, [](expr *arg) { return is_ground(arg); }))
+                return;  // ignore multi-pattern containing only ground pattern.
+            if (any_of(*mp, [](expr *arg) { return has_quantifiers(arg); }))
+                return;  // patterns with quantifiers are not handled.
             update_filters(qa, mp);
             collect_ground_exprs(qa, mp);
             m_new_patterns.push_back(qp_pair(qa, mp));
@@ -3844,7 +3860,7 @@ namespace {
             // e-matching. So, for a multi-pattern [ p_1, ..., p_n ],
             // we have to make n insertions. In the i-th insertion,
             // the pattern p_i is assumed to be the first one.
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_patterns; ++i)
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < mp->get_num_args(); ++i)
                 m_trees.add_pattern(qa, mp, i);
         }
 
@@ -3940,15 +3956,11 @@ namespace {
                 }
                 return;
             }
-            DEBUG_CODE(
-                for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bindings; ++i) {
-                    SASSERT(bindings[i]->get_generation() <= max_generation);
-                });
                 
 #endif
             unsigned min_gen = 0, max_gen = 0;
             m_interpreter.get_min_max_top_generation(min_gen, max_gen);
-            m_context.add_instance(qa, pat, num_bindings, bindings, nullptr, max_generation, min_gen, max_gen, used_enodes);
+            m_context.add_instance(qa, pat, num_bindings, bindings, max_generation, min_gen, max_gen, used_enodes);
         }
 
         bool is_shared(enode * n) const override {
diff --git a/src/smt/mam.h b/src/smt/mam.h
index e7051b3f76..758d9c684f 100644
--- a/src/smt/mam.h
+++ b/src/smt/mam.h
@@ -69,5 +69,5 @@ namespace smt {
     };
 
     mam * mk_mam(context & ctx);
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/qi_queue.cpp b/src/smt/qi_queue.cpp
index d4875d77fe..cb803d7559 100644
--- a/src/smt/qi_queue.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/qi_queue.cpp
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ namespace smt {
               tout << "new instance of " << q->get_qid() << ", weight " << q->get_weight()
               << ", generation: " << generation << ", scope_level: " << m_context.get_scope_level() << ", cost: " << cost << "\n";
               for (unsigned i = 0; i < f->get_num_args(); ++i) {
-                  tout << "#" << f->get_arg(i)->get_expr_id() << " d:" << f->get_arg(i)->get_expr()->get_depth() << " ";
+                  tout << "#" << f->get_arg(i)->get_expr_id() << " d:" << get_depth(f->get_arg(i)->get_expr()) << " ";
               }
               tout << "\n";);
         TRACE(new_entries_bug, tout << "[qi:insert]\n";);
@@ -331,9 +331,6 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned gen = get_new_gen(q, generation, ent.m_cost);
         display_instance_profile(f, q, num_bindings, bindings, proof_id, gen);
         m_context.internalize_instance(lemma, pr1, gen);
-        if (f->get_def()) {
-            m_context.internalize(f->get_def(), true);
-        }
         TRACE_CODE({
             static unsigned num_useless = 0;
             if (m.is_or(lemma)) {
@@ -521,5 +518,5 @@ namespace smt {
 #endif
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/qi_queue.h b/src/smt/qi_queue.h
index 13878a158b..7ae92fd16b 100644
--- a/src/smt/qi_queue.h
+++ b/src/smt/qi_queue.h
@@ -101,6 +101,6 @@ namespace smt {
             m_on_binding = on_binding;
         }
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/seq_axioms.h b/src/smt/seq_axioms.h
index 525f6b3db3..f16ae6b55f 100644
--- a/src/smt/seq_axioms.h
+++ b/src/smt/seq_axioms.h
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@ namespace smt {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/seq_eq_solver.cpp b/src/smt/seq_eq_solver.cpp
index e368e137bd..03cdd6c703 100644
--- a/src/smt/seq_eq_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/seq_eq_solver.cpp
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ bool theory_seq::len_based_split(depeq const& e) {
     expr_ref_vector const& rs = e.rs;
     
     int offset = 0;
-    if (!has_len_offset(ls, rs, offset))
+    if (!has_len_offset(ls, rs, offset) || offset == 0)
         return false;
         
     TRACE(seq, tout << "split based on length\n";);
diff --git a/src/smt/seq_offset_eq.h b/src/smt/seq_offset_eq.h
index 669d63b7fd..ee308d5161 100644
--- a/src/smt/seq_offset_eq.h
+++ b/src/smt/seq_offset_eq.h
@@ -53,5 +53,5 @@ namespace smt {
         void pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/seq_regex.cpp b/src/smt/seq_regex.cpp
index 64487a21ea..a528a69e09 100644
--- a/src/smt/seq_regex.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/seq_regex.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ Author:
 #include "ast/expr_abstract.h"
 #include "ast/ast_util.h"
 #include "ast/for_each_expr.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.h"
 #include <ast/rewriter/expr_safe_replace.h>
 
 namespace smt {
@@ -127,6 +128,30 @@ namespace smt {
             return;
         }
 
+        if (th.get_fparams().m_seq_regex_factorization_enabled) {
+            unsigned threshold = th.get_fparams().m_seq_regex_factorization_threshold;
+            if (threshold == 0)
+                threshold = UINT_MAX;
+            split_set result;
+            auto [head, tail] = seq_rw().split_membership(s, r, threshold, result);
+            if (head) {
+                SASSERT(tail);
+                // propagate all cases
+                expr_ref_vector cases(m);
+                expr_ref_vector branches(m);
+                for (auto [pre, post] : result) {
+                    expr_ref mem_head(re().mk_in_re(head, pre), m);
+                    expr_ref mem_tail(re().mk_in_re(tail, post), m);
+                    cases.push_back(m.mk_and(mem_head, mem_tail));
+                }
+                const expr_ref cases_expr(m.mk_or(cases), m);
+                ctx.internalize(cases_expr, false);
+                th.propagate_lit(nullptr, 1, &lit, ctx.get_literal(cases_expr));
+                return;
+            }
+            // fallthrough; decomposition failed
+        }
+
         // Convert a non-ground sequence into an additional regex and
         // strengthen the original regex constraint into an intersection
         // for example:
@@ -223,6 +248,17 @@ namespace smt {
                 th.add_axiom(~lit);
                 return true;
             }
+            // Fall back to antimirov NFA reachability.  The lazy state graph
+            // keys states by AST identity and cannot close on intersections /
+            // complements whose derivative product states do not canonicalize,
+            // so it never detects their emptiness.  re_is_empty decides
+            // emptiness directly (the same procedure propagate_eq already uses
+            // for re.none equalities).
+            if (re_is_empty(r) == l_true) {
+                STRACE(seq_regex_brief, tout << "(empty:re) ";);
+                th.add_axiom(~lit);
+                return true;
+            }
         }
         return false;
     }
@@ -460,6 +496,41 @@ namespace smt {
         if (re().is_empty(r))
             //trivially true
             return;
+        // When one side is re.none the equation is a pure emptiness check on
+        // the other regex (symmetric_diff already returned it as r).  Decide
+        // it directly by antimirov NFA reachability instead of running the
+        // bisimulation/XOR closure, which would build large un-canonicalized
+        // product states for intersections of contains-patterns.
+        if ((re().is_empty(r1) || re().is_empty(r2)) && is_ground(r)) {
+            switch (re_is_empty(r)) {
+            case l_true:
+                STRACE(seq_regex_brief, tout << "empty:eq ";);
+                return; // languages equal (both empty): trivially true
+            case l_false:
+                STRACE(seq_regex_brief, tout << "empty:neq ";);
+                th.add_axiom(~th.mk_eq(r1, r2, false), false_literal);
+                return;
+            case l_undef:
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Try the bisimulation procedure on ground regexes first.  If it
+        // returns a definite answer, dispatch the corresponding axiom and
+        // bypass the symbolic emptiness/derivative closure.
+        if (is_ground(r1) && is_ground(r2)) {
+            seq::regex_bisim bisim(seq_rw());
+            switch (bisim.are_equivalent(r1, r2)) {
+            case l_true:
+                STRACE(seq_regex_brief, tout << "bisim:eq ";);
+                return; // trivially true
+            case l_false:
+                STRACE(seq_regex_brief, tout << "bisim:neq ";);
+                th.add_axiom(~th.mk_eq(r1, r2, false), false_literal);
+                return;
+            case l_undef:
+                break;
+            }
+        }
         expr_ref emp(re().mk_empty(r->get_sort()), m);
         expr_ref f(m.mk_fresh_const("re.char", seq_sort), m); 
         expr_ref is_empty = sk().mk_is_empty(r, r, f);
@@ -478,6 +549,20 @@ namespace smt {
         sort* seq_sort = nullptr;
         VERIFY(u().is_re(r1, seq_sort));
         expr_ref r = symmetric_diff(r1, r2);
+        if (is_ground(r1) && is_ground(r2)) {
+            seq::regex_bisim bisim(seq_rw());
+            switch (bisim.are_equivalent(r1, r2)) {
+            case l_true:
+                STRACE(seq_regex_brief, tout << "bisim:eq ";);
+                th.add_axiom(th.mk_eq(r1, r2, false), false_literal);
+                return;
+            case l_false:
+                STRACE(seq_regex_brief, tout << "bisim:neq ";);
+                return; // trivially satisfied
+            case l_undef:
+                break;
+            }
+        }
         expr_ref emp(re().mk_empty(r->get_sort()), m);
         expr_ref n(m.mk_fresh_const("re.char", seq_sort), m);
         expr_ref is_non_empty = sk().mk_is_non_empty(r, r, n);
@@ -530,16 +615,16 @@ namespace smt {
             lits.push_back(null_lit);
 
         expr_ref_pair_vector cofactors(m);
-        get_cofactors(d, cofactors);
-        for (auto const& p : cofactors) {
-            if (is_member(p.second, u)) 
+        seq_rw().get_cofactors(hd, d, cofactors);
+        for (auto const& [c, r] : cofactors) {
+            if (is_member(r, u)) 
                 continue;            
-            expr_ref cond(p.first, m);
+            expr_ref cond(c, m);
             seq_rw().elim_condition(hd, cond);
             rewrite(cond);
             if (m.is_false(cond))
                 continue;            
-            expr_ref next_non_empty = sk().mk_is_non_empty(p.second, re().mk_union(u, p.second), n);
+            expr_ref next_non_empty = sk().mk_is_non_empty(r, re().mk_union(u, r), n);
             if (!m.is_true(cond))
                 next_non_empty = m.mk_and(cond, next_non_empty);
             lits.push_back(th.mk_literal(next_non_empty));
@@ -640,88 +725,113 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     /*
-        Return a list of all target regexes in the derivative of a regex r,
-        ignoring the conditions along each path.
+        Decide emptiness of a ground regex r via antimirov-mode NFA
+        reachability.
 
-        The derivative construction uses (:var 0) and tries 
-        to eliminate unsat condition paths but it does not perform 
-        full satisfiability checks and it is not guaranteed
-        that all targets are actually reachable
+        The symbolic derivative engine runs in antimirov mode, so the
+        derivative of an intersection distributes into a *set* of individual
+        product states inter(A_i, B_j) (each a small, ground regex) rather
+        than one giant union-of-intersections term.  get_derivative_targets
+        enumerates these NFA successor states.
+
+        We short-circuit to l_false (non-empty) as soon as a reachable state
+        is nullable (accepts the empty word) or classical (a regex built only
+        from to_re/all/union/concat/star/plus/opt/loop, hence non-empty).  An
+        intersection itself is never classical, but once one operand reduces
+        to Σ* the intersection collapses (via the derivative's subset
+        simplification) to the other, classical, operand.
+
+        If the worklist is exhausted with no such state, r is empty (l_true).
+        Returns l_undef if a step bound is hit, so callers can fall back to
+        the general procedure.
+    */
+    lbool seq_regex::re_is_empty(expr* r) {
+        if (re().is_empty(r))
+            return l_true;
+        expr_ref_vector pinned(m);
+        obj_hashtable<expr> visited;
+        ptr_vector<expr> work;
+        work.push_back(r);
+        visited.insert(r);
+        pinned.push_back(r);
+        unsigned const bound = 100000;
+        unsigned steps = 0;
+        while (!work.empty()) {
+            if (++steps > bound)
+                return l_undef;
+            expr* s = work.back();
+            work.pop_back();
+            auto info = re().get_info(s);
+            if (!info.is_known())
+                return l_undef;
+            // ε ∈ L(s) or s is a non-empty classical regex ⇒ L(r) non-empty.
+            if (info.nullable == l_true || info.classical)
+                return l_false;
+            // Dead state: prune (min_length == UINT_MAX means no word is
+            // accepted from here).
+            if (info.min_length == UINT_MAX)
+                continue;
+            expr_ref_vector targets(m);
+            get_derivative_targets(s, targets);
+            for (expr* t : targets) {
+                if (visited.contains(t))
+                    continue;
+                visited.insert(t);
+                pinned.push_back(t);
+                work.push_back(t);
+            }
+        }
+        return l_true;
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+        Return a list of all reachable target regexes in the derivative of a
+        regex r.
+
+        The derivative is taken wrt (:var 0) and its reachable leaves are
+        enumerated with the path-aware cofactor engine, which conjoins the
+        ITE-path conditions and prunes infeasible character-range combinations
+        (e.g. a nested branch requiring elem = 'a' and elem = 'B').  Each leaf
+        is re-normalized with the path-aware smart constructors so that
+        semantically equal states stay syntactically identical (essential for
+        state dedup in the emptiness closure).
+
+        Without this pruning the naive ITE-tree DFS would reach infeasible
+        leaves; an infeasible classical (intersection/complement-free) leaf
+        would then be misjudged as a non-empty residual.
     */
     void seq_regex::get_derivative_targets(expr* r, expr_ref_vector& targets) {
-        // constructs the derivative wrt (:var 0)
-        expr_ref d(seq_rw().mk_derivative(r), m);
-
-        // use DFS to collect all the targets (leaf regexes) in d.
-        expr* _1 = nullptr, * e1 = nullptr, * e2 = nullptr;
-        obj_hashtable<expr>::entry* _2 = nullptr;
-        vector<expr*> workset;
-        workset.push_back(d);
-        obj_hashtable<expr> done;
-        done.insert(d);
-        while (workset.size() > 0) {
-            expr* e = workset.back();
-            workset.pop_back();
-            if (m.is_ite(e, _1, e1, e2) || re().is_union(e, e1, e2)) {
-                if (done.insert_if_not_there_core(e1, _2))
-                    workset.push_back(e1);
-                if (done.insert_if_not_there_core(e2, _2))
-                    workset.push_back(e2);
-            }
-            else if (!re().is_empty(e))
-                targets.push_back(e);
+        expr_ref_pair_vector cofactors(m);
+        seq_rw().brz_derivative_cofactors(r, cofactors);
+        for (auto const& [c, t] : cofactors) {
+            if (!re().is_empty(t))
+                targets.push_back(t);
         }
     }
 
     /*
         Return a list of all (cond, leaf) pairs in a given derivative
-        expression r.
+        expression r, where elem is the character symbol the derivative was
+        taken with respect to.
 
-        Note: this  implementation is inefficient: it simply collects all expressions under an if and 
-        iterates over all combinations.
+        The transition regexes produced by the symbolic derivative engine are
+        ITE-trees over character predicates ci on elem (equalities such as
+        elem = 'A', and ranges such as 'a' <= elem <= 'z').  These predicates
+        are typically mutually exclusive, so the number of feasible truth
+        assignments to {c1,..,ck} ("minterms") is small.
 
-        This method is still used by:
+        The enumeration is delegated to seq::derive (via seq_rw().get_cofactors)
+        so it reuses the very same path/interval context that the derivative
+        engine uses while hoisting ITEs: each feasible path through the ITE-tree
+        yields one (path_condition, leaf) cofactor, infeasible character-range
+        combinations are pruned, and the leaf is simplified with the path-aware
+        smart constructors.
+
+        This is used by:
             propagate_is_empty
             propagate_is_non_empty
     */
-    void seq_regex::get_cofactors(expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result) {
-        obj_hashtable<expr> ifs;
-        expr* cond = nullptr, * r1 = nullptr, * r2 = nullptr;
-        for (expr* e : subterms::ground(expr_ref(r, m))) 
-            if (m.is_ite(e, cond, r1, r2))
-                ifs.insert(cond);
-        
-        expr_ref_vector rs(m);
-        vector<expr_ref_vector> conds;
-        conds.push_back(expr_ref_vector(m));
-        rs.push_back(r);
-        for (expr* c : ifs) {
-            unsigned sz = conds.size();
-            expr_safe_replace rep1(m);
-            expr_safe_replace rep2(m);
-            rep1.insert(c, m.mk_true());
-            rep2.insert(c, m.mk_false());
-            expr_ref r2(m);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
-                expr_ref_vector cs = conds[i];
-                cs.push_back(mk_not(m, c));
-                conds.push_back(cs);
-                conds[i].push_back(c);
-                expr_ref r1(rs.get(i), m);
-                rep1(r1, r2);
-                rs[i] = r2;
-                rep2(r1, r2);
-                rs.push_back(r2);
-            }
-        }
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < conds.size(); ++i) {
-            expr_ref conj = mk_and(conds[i]);
-            expr_ref r(rs.get(i), m);
-            ctx.get_rewriter()(r);
-            if (!m.is_false(conj) && !re().is_empty(r))
-                result.push_back(conj, r);
-        }
-    }
 
     /*
       is_empty(r, u) => ~is_nullable(r)
@@ -749,11 +859,11 @@ namespace smt {
         d = mk_derivative_wrapper(hd, r);
         literal_vector lits;
         expr_ref_pair_vector cofactors(m);
-        get_cofactors(d, cofactors);        
-        for (auto const& p : cofactors) {
-            if (is_member(p.second, u))
+        seq_rw().get_cofactors(hd, d, cofactors);        
+        for (auto const& [c, r] : cofactors) {
+            if (is_member(r, u))
                 continue;
-            expr_ref cond(p.first, m);
+            expr_ref cond(c, m);
             seq_rw().elim_condition(hd, cond);
             rewrite(cond);
             if (m.is_false(cond))
@@ -762,9 +872,11 @@ namespace smt {
             lits.push_back(~lit);
             if (!m.is_true(cond)) {
                 expr_ref ncond(mk_not(m, cond), m);
-                lits.push_back(th.mk_literal(mk_forall(m, hd, ncond)));
+                expr_ref facond = mk_forall(m, hd, ncond);
+                ctx.internalize(facond, true); // make sure fa is internalized, and assumed in positive polarity only.
+                lits.push_back(th.mk_literal(facond));
             }
-            expr_ref is_empty1 = sk().mk_is_empty(p.second, re().mk_union(u, p.second), n);    
+            expr_ref is_empty1 = sk().mk_is_empty(r, re().mk_union(u, r), n);    
             lits.push_back(th.mk_literal(is_empty1)); 
             th.add_axiom(lits);
         }        
diff --git a/src/smt/seq_regex.h b/src/smt/seq_regex.h
index 5c3fddd252..bba4d30eaa 100644
--- a/src/smt/seq_regex.h
+++ b/src/smt/seq_regex.h
@@ -164,7 +164,12 @@ namespace smt {
         // returned by derivative_wrapper
         expr_ref mk_deriv_accept(expr* s, unsigned i, expr* r);
         void get_derivative_targets(expr* r, expr_ref_vector& targets);
-        void get_cofactors(expr* r, expr_ref_pair_vector& result);
+
+        // Decide emptiness of a ground regex by antimirov-mode NFA
+        // reachability: explore derivative target states, short-circuiting to
+        // "non-empty" on the first reachable nullable or classical state.
+        // Returns l_true (empty), l_false (non-empty), l_undef (gave up).
+        lbool re_is_empty(expr* r);
 
         /* 
            Pretty print the regex of the state id to the out stream, 
@@ -209,4 +214,4 @@ namespace smt {
         
     };
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_almost_cg_table.cpp b/src/smt/smt_almost_cg_table.cpp
index dbbd6b8888..e97aa32d08 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_almost_cg_table.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_almost_cg_table.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     bool almost_cg_table::cg_eq::operator()(enode * n1, enode * n2) const {
-        if (n1->get_expr()->get_decl() != n2->get_expr()->get_decl())
+        if (n1->get_decl() != n2->get_decl() || !n1->is_app())
             return false;
         unsigned num_args = n1->get_num_args();
         if (num_args != n2->get_num_args())
@@ -124,4 +124,4 @@ namespace smt {
         return result;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_almost_cg_table.h b/src/smt/smt_almost_cg_table.h
index 6b0cc66526..f7b89af324 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_almost_cg_table.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_almost_cg_table.h
@@ -65,6 +65,6 @@ namespace smt {
         bool empty() const { return m_table.empty(); }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_arith_value.cpp b/src/smt/smt_arith_value.cpp
index bc512350d1..6c187b9482 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_arith_value.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_arith_value.cpp
@@ -163,4 +163,10 @@ namespace smt {
         return th->final_check_eh(level);
     }
 
-};
+    lbool arith_value::check_lp_feasible(vector<std::pair<bool, expr_ref>>& ineqs, literal_vector& lit_core,
+        enode_pair_vector& eq_core) {
+        if (!m_thr)
+            return l_undef;
+        return m_thr->check_lp_feasible(ineqs, lit_core, eq_core);      
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_arith_value.h b/src/smt/smt_arith_value.h
index 09bd03d292..3c2339887d 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_arith_value.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_arith_value.h
@@ -48,5 +48,7 @@ namespace smt {
         expr_ref get_up(expr* e) const;
         expr_ref get_fixed(expr* e) const;
         final_check_status final_check(unsigned );
+        lbool check_lp_feasible(vector<std::pair<bool, expr_ref>> &ineqs, literal_vector &lit_core,
+                                enode_pair_vector &eq_core);
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_b_justification.h b/src/smt/smt_b_justification.h
index ae01a389d9..cbf399ef79 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_b_justification.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_b_justification.h
@@ -99,6 +99,6 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     typedef std::pair<literal, b_justification> justified_literal;
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_bool_var_data.h b/src/smt/smt_bool_var_data.h
index 68d7a8d45f..129a864897 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_bool_var_data.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_bool_var_data.h
@@ -131,6 +131,6 @@ namespace smt {
             m_atom            = false;
         }
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_case_split_queue.cpp b/src/smt/smt_case_split_queue.cpp
index d43dd0fb85..e0632b41a8 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_case_split_queue.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_case_split_queue.cpp
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ namespace {
                 stack.pop_back();
 
                 if (m_context.e_internalized(curr)) {
-                    gen = m_context.get_enode(curr)->get_generation();
+                    gen = m_context.get_generation(m_context.get_enode(curr));
                     if (gen > maxgen)
                         maxgen = gen;
                     if (gen < mingen)
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ namespace {
             void operator()(expr * e) {
                 if (m_context.e_internalized(e)) {
                     enode * n = m_context.get_enode(e);
-                    n->set_generation(m_context, m_generation);
+                    m_context.set_generation(n, m_generation);
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -1069,7 +1069,8 @@ namespace {
                 stack.pop_back();
 
                 if (m_context.e_internalized(curr)) {
-                    unsigned curr_gen = m_context.get_enode(curr)->get_generation();
+                    enode * n = m_context.get_enode(curr);
+                    unsigned curr_gen = m_context.get_generation(n);
                     if (curr_gen > gen) {
                         // Lower it.
                         set_generation_rec(e, gen);
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_case_split_queue.h b/src/smt/smt_case_split_queue.h
index 5c1b8c8ee3..1e503afdb9 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_case_split_queue.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_case_split_queue.h
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ namespace smt {
     };
 
     case_split_queue * mk_case_split_queue(context & ctx, smt_params & p);
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_cg_table.cpp b/src/smt/smt_cg_table.cpp
index 018a543c0b..a25b38aee9 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_cg_table.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_cg_table.cpp
@@ -258,5 +258,5 @@ namespace smt {
         return true;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_cg_table.h b/src/smt/smt_cg_table.h
index 9c2baed11e..3b24ceccf1 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_cg_table.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_cg_table.h
@@ -216,6 +216,6 @@ namespace smt {
         bool check_invariant() const;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_checker.cpp b/src/smt/smt_checker.cpp
index 2e405f95ad..ab25923111 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_checker.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_checker.cpp
@@ -22,23 +22,25 @@ Revision History:
 
 namespace smt {
 
-    bool checker::all_args(app * a, bool is_true) {
+    bool checker::all_args(app *a, unsigned depth, bool is_true) {
         for (expr* arg : *a) {
-            if (!check(arg, is_true))
+            if (!check(arg, depth + 1, is_true))
                 return false;
         }
         return true;
     }
 
-    bool checker::any_arg(app * a, bool is_true) {
+    bool checker::any_arg(app *a, unsigned depth, bool is_true) {
         for (expr* arg : *a) {
-            if (check(arg, is_true))
+            if (check(arg, depth + 1, is_true))
                 return true;
         }
         return false;
     }
 
-    bool checker::check_core(expr * n, bool is_true) {
+    bool checker::check_core(expr *n, unsigned depth, bool is_true) {
+        if (depth > 600)
+            return false;
         SASSERT(m_manager.is_bool(n));
         if (m_context.b_internalized(n) && m_context.is_relevant(n)) {
             lbool val = m_context.get_assignment(n);
@@ -54,11 +56,11 @@ namespace smt {
             case OP_FALSE:
                 return !is_true;
             case OP_NOT:
-                return check(a->get_arg(0), !is_true);
+                return check(a->get_arg(0), depth + 1, !is_true);
             case OP_OR:
-                return is_true ? any_arg(a, true) : all_args(a, false);
+                return is_true ? any_arg(a, depth, true) : all_args(a, depth, false);
             case OP_AND:
-                return is_true ? all_args(a, true) : any_arg(a, false);
+                return is_true ? all_args(a, depth, true) : any_arg(a, depth, false);
             case OP_EQ:
                 if (!m_manager.is_iff(a)) {
                     enode * lhs = get_enode_eq_to(a->get_arg(0));
@@ -74,27 +76,27 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
                 else if (is_true) {
                     return 
-                        (check(a->get_arg(0), true) &&
-                         check(a->get_arg(1), true)) ||
-                        (check(a->get_arg(0), false) &&
-                         check(a->get_arg(1), false));
+                        (check(a->get_arg(0), depth + 1, true) &&
+                         check(a->get_arg(1), depth + 1, true)) ||
+                        (check(a->get_arg(0), depth + 1, false) &&
+                         check(a->get_arg(1), depth + 1, false));
                 }
                 else {
                     return 
-                        (check(a->get_arg(0), true) &&
-                         check(a->get_arg(1), false)) ||
-                        (check(a->get_arg(0), false) &&
-                         check(a->get_arg(1), true));
+                        (check(a->get_arg(0), depth + 1, true) &&
+                         check(a->get_arg(1), depth + 1, false)) ||
+                        (check(a->get_arg(0), depth + 1, false) &&
+                         check(a->get_arg(1), depth + 1, true));
                 }
             case OP_ITE: {
                 if (m_context.lit_internalized(a->get_arg(0)) && m_context.is_relevant(a->get_arg(0))) {
                     switch (m_context.get_assignment(a->get_arg(0))) {
-                    case l_false: return check(a->get_arg(2), is_true);
+                    case l_false: return check(a->get_arg(2), depth + 1, is_true);
                     case l_undef: return false;
-                    case l_true:  return check(a->get_arg(1), is_true);
+                    case l_true:  return check(a->get_arg(1), depth + 1, is_true);
                     }
                 }
-                return check(a->get_arg(1), is_true) && check(a->get_arg(2), is_true);
+                return check(a->get_arg(1), depth + 1, is_true) && check(a->get_arg(2), depth + 1, is_true);
             }
             default:
                 break;
@@ -108,11 +110,11 @@ namespace smt {
         return false;
     }
     
-    bool checker::check(expr * n, bool is_true) {
+    bool checker::check(expr *n, unsigned depth, bool is_true) {
         bool r;
         if (n->get_ref_count() > 1 && m_is_true_cache[is_true].find(n, r))
             return r;
-        r = check_core(n, is_true);
+        r = check_core(n, depth, is_true);
         if (n->get_ref_count() > 1)
             m_is_true_cache[is_true].insert(n, r);
         return r;
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ namespace smt {
     bool checker::is_sat(expr * n, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings) {
         flet<unsigned>        l1(m_num_bindings, num_bindings);
         flet<enode * const *> l2(m_bindings, bindings);
-        bool r = check(n, true);
+        bool r = check(n, 0, true);
         m_is_true_cache[0].reset();
         m_is_true_cache[1].reset();
         m_to_enode_cache.reset();
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ namespace smt {
     bool checker::is_unsat(expr * n, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings) {
         flet<unsigned>        l1(m_num_bindings, num_bindings);
         flet<enode * const *> l2(m_bindings, bindings);
-        bool r = check(n, false);
+        bool r = check(n, 0,false);
         m_is_true_cache[0].reset();
         m_is_true_cache[1].reset();
         m_to_enode_cache.reset();
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ namespace smt {
         m_bindings(nullptr) {
     }
    
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_checker.h b/src/smt/smt_checker.h
index f2f25e92ec..7a69a12316 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_checker.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_checker.h
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned               m_num_bindings;
         enode * const *        m_bindings;
 
-        bool all_args(app * a, bool is_true);
-        bool any_arg(app * a, bool is_true);
-        bool check_core(expr * n, bool is_true);
-        bool check(expr * n, bool is_true);
+        bool all_args(app *a, unsigned depth, bool is_true);
+        bool any_arg(app *a, unsigned depth, bool is_true);
+        bool check_core(expr * n, unsigned depth, bool is_true);
+        bool check(expr *n, unsigned depth, bool is_true);
         enode * get_enode_eq_to_core(app * n);
         enode * get_enode_eq_to(expr * n);
 
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ namespace smt {
         bool is_unsat(expr * n, unsigned num_bindings = 0, enode * const * bindings = nullptr);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_clause.cpp b/src/smt/smt_clause.cpp
index 061e1dd230..0c2e8617eb 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_clause.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_clause.cpp
@@ -126,4 +126,4 @@ namespace smt {
         return out << mk_pp(disj, m, 3);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_clause.h b/src/smt/smt_clause.h
index 89d8f2d66b..eeb9375ef5 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_clause.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_clause.h
@@ -279,6 +279,6 @@ namespace smt {
     typedef ptr_vector<clause> clause_vector;
 
     typedef obj_hashtable<clause> clause_set;
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_clause_proof.cpp b/src/smt/smt_clause_proof.cpp
index bc4105e13b..96e4a6d57c 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_clause_proof.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_clause_proof.cpp
@@ -151,15 +151,16 @@ namespace smt {
         update(st, m_lits, pr);
     }
 
-    void clause_proof::propagate(literal lit, justification const& jst, literal_vector const& ante) {
+    void clause_proof::propagate(literal lit, justification * jst, literal_vector const& ante) {
         if (!is_enabled())
             return;
         m_lits.reset();
         for (literal l : ante)
             m_lits.push_back(ctx.literal2expr(~l));
         m_lits.push_back(ctx.literal2expr(lit));
-        proof_ref pr(m.mk_app(symbol("smt"), 0, nullptr, m.mk_proof_sort()), m);
-        update(clause_proof::status::th_lemma, m_lits, pr);
+        auto st = clause_proof::status::th_lemma;
+        auto pr = justification2proof(st, jst);
+        update(st, m_lits, pr);
     }
 
     void clause_proof::del(clause& c) {
@@ -290,6 +291,6 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_clause_proof.h b/src/smt/smt_clause_proof.h
index d7cc421cfb..7fa86671e0 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_clause_proof.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_clause_proof.h
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void add(literal lit1, literal lit2, clause_kind k, justification* j, literal_buffer const* simp_lits = nullptr);
         void add(clause& c, literal_buffer const* simp_lits = nullptr);
         void add(unsigned n, literal const* lits, clause_kind k, justification* j);
-        void propagate(literal lit, justification const& j, literal_vector const& ante);
+        void propagate(literal lit, justification* j, literal_vector const& ante);
         void del(clause& c);
         proof_ref get_proof(bool inconsistent);
         bool is_enabled() const { return m_enabled; }
@@ -94,6 +94,6 @@ namespace smt {
     };
 
     std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, clause_proof::status st);
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_conflict_resolution.cpp b/src/smt/smt_conflict_resolution.cpp
index 0d81e8d9ec..c1bed6fdb8 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_conflict_resolution.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_conflict_resolution.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace smt {
             break;
         case eq_justification::CONGRUENCE: {
             CTRACE(dyn_ack_target, !lhs->is_eq(), tout << "dyn_ack_target2: " << lhs->get_owner_id() << " " << rhs->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
-            m_dyn_ack_manager.used_cg_eh(lhs->get_expr(), rhs->get_expr());
+            m_dyn_ack_manager.used_cg_eh(lhs->get_app(), rhs->get_app());
             unsigned num_args = lhs->get_num_args();
             SASSERT(num_args == rhs->get_num_args());
             if (js.used_commutativity()) {
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ namespace smt {
         literal_vector & antecedents = m_tmp_literal_vector;
         antecedents.reset();
         justification2literals_core(js, antecedents);
-        m_ctx.get_clause_proof().propagate(consequent, *js, antecedents);
+        m_ctx.get_clause_proof().propagate(consequent, js, antecedents);
         for (literal l : antecedents)
             process_antecedent(l, num_marks);
         (void)consequent;
@@ -787,8 +787,8 @@ namespace smt {
         SASSERT(m.has_fact(pr));
         expr* f1 = nullptr, *f2 = nullptr;
         app * fact     = to_app(m.get_fact(pr));
-        app * n1_owner = n1->get_expr();
-        app * n2_owner = n2->get_expr();
+        expr * n1_owner = n1->get_expr();
+        expr * n2_owner = n2->get_expr();
         bool is_eq = m.is_eq(fact, f1, f2);
         if (is_eq && is_quantifier(f1)) {
             f1 = m_ctx.get_enode(f1)->get_expr();
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ namespace smt {
         case eq_justification::CONGRUENCE:
             num_args = n1->get_num_args();
             SASSERT(num_args == n2->get_num_args());
-            SASSERT(n1->get_expr()->get_decl() == n2->get_expr()->get_decl());
+            SASSERT(n1->get_decl() == n2->get_decl());
             if (js.used_commutativity()) {
                 bool visited = true;
                 SASSERT(num_args == 2);
@@ -878,8 +878,8 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
                 if (!visited)
                     return nullptr;
-                app * e1 = n1->get_expr();
-                app * e2 = n2->get_expr();
+                app * e1 = n1->get_app();
+                app * e2 = n2->get_app();
                 app * e2_prime = m.mk_app(e2->get_decl(), e2->get_arg(1), e2->get_arg(0));
                 proof * pr1 = nullptr;
                 if (!prs.empty()) {
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
                 if (!visited)
                     return nullptr;
-                proof * pr = m.mk_congruence(n1->get_expr(), n2->get_expr(), prs.size(), prs.data());
+                proof * pr = m.mk_congruence(n1->get_app(), n2->get_app(), prs.size(), prs.data());
                 m_new_proofs.push_back(pr);
                 return pr;
             }
@@ -1485,5 +1485,5 @@ namespace smt {
         return alloc(conflict_resolution, m, ctx, dack_manager, params, assigned_literals, watches);
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_conflict_resolution.h b/src/smt/smt_conflict_resolution.h
index 39f7c68d50..54e91ba941 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_conflict_resolution.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_conflict_resolution.h
@@ -276,6 +276,6 @@ namespace smt {
                                                  );
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_context.cpp b/src/smt/smt_context.cpp
index ff4f5b9644..b8e572513a 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_context.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_context.cpp
@@ -66,10 +66,9 @@ namespace smt {
         m_progress_callback(nullptr),
         m_next_progress_sample(0),
         m_clause_proof(*this),
-        m_fingerprints(m, m_region),
+        m_fingerprints(m, get_region()),
         m_b_internalized_stack(m),
         m_e_internalized_stack(m),
-        m_l_internalized_stack(m),
         m_final_check_idx(0),
         m_cg_table(m),
         m_conflict(null_b_justification),
@@ -81,7 +80,6 @@ namespace smt {
         m_unsat_core(m),
         m_mk_bool_var_trail(*this),
         m_mk_enode_trail(*this),
-        m_mk_lambda_trail(*this),
         m_lemma_visitor(m) {
 
         SASSERT(m_scope_lvl == 0);
@@ -120,6 +118,13 @@ namespace smt {
         if (!m_setup.already_configured()) {
             m_fparams.updt_params(p);
         }
+        else {
+            // selected parameters are safe to update after initialization
+            m_fparams.m_max_conflicts = p.get_uint("max_conflicts", m_fparams.m_max_conflicts);
+        }
+        for (auto th : m_theory_set)
+            if (th)
+                th->updt_params();
     }
 
     unsigned context::relevancy_lvl() const {
@@ -213,7 +218,7 @@ namespace smt {
         }
         ast_translation tr(src_ctx.m, m, false);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < src_ctx.m_user_propagator->get_num_vars(); ++i) {
-            app* e = src_ctx.m_user_propagator->get_expr(i);
+            auto e = src_ctx.m_user_propagator->get_expr(i);
             m_user_propagator->add_expr(tr(e), true);
         }
     }
@@ -285,8 +290,13 @@ namespace smt {
             if (!decision && d.m_phase == l.sign())
                 m_agility         += (1.0 - m_fparams.m_agility_factor);
         }
+        bool new_phase = !l.sign();
+        m_stats.m_num_assignments++;
+        if (d.m_phase_available && d.m_phase != new_phase)
+            m_birthdate[l.var()] = m_stats.m_num_assignments; // reset birthdate when phase changes
         d.m_phase_available        = true;
-        d.m_phase                  = !l.sign();
+        d.m_phase = new_phase;
+
         TRACE(assign_core, tout << (decision?"decision: ":"propagating: ") << l << " ";
               display_literal_smt2(tout, l) << "\n";
               tout << "relevant: " << is_relevant_core(l) << " level: " << m_scope_lvl << " is atom " << d.is_atom() << "\n";
@@ -527,7 +537,8 @@ namespace smt {
                 mark_as_relevant(r1);
             }
 
-            push_trail(add_eq_trail(*this, r1, n1, r2->get_num_parents()));
+            
+            unsigned r2_num_parents = r2->get_num_parents();
 
             m_qmanager->add_eq_eh(r1, r2);
 
@@ -557,6 +568,10 @@ namespace smt {
 
             SASSERT(r1->get_root() == r2);
             reinsert_parents_into_cg_table(r1, r2, n1, n2, js);
+            
+            // We push the add_eq_trail after reinsert_parents_into_cg_table because the latter may push merge_cgc_generations trails, 
+            // and we want add_eq to be undone before merge_cgc_generations is undone.
+            push_trail(add_eq_trail(*this, r1, n1, r2_num_parents));
 
             if (n2->is_bool())
                 propagate_bool_enode_assignment(r1, r2, n1, n2);
@@ -584,6 +599,8 @@ namespace smt {
        must be removed from the congruence table since their hash code will change.
     */
     void context::remove_parents_from_cg_table(enode * r1) {
+        SASSERT(m_r1_parent_generations.empty());
+
         // Remove parents from the congruence table
         for (enode * parent : enode::parents(r1)) {
             CTRACE(add_eq, !parent->is_marked() && parent->is_cgc_enabled() && parent->is_true_eq() && m_cg_table.contains_ptr(parent), tout << parent->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
@@ -593,7 +610,8 @@ namespace smt {
                    tout << "\n";
                    tout << "contains: " << m_cg_table.contains(parent) << "\n";
                    if (m_cg_table.contains(parent)) {
-                       tout << "owner: " << m_cg_table.find(parent)->get_owner_id() << "\n";
+                       enode* owner = m_cg_table.find(parent);
+                       tout << "owner: " << owner->get_owner_id() << "\n";
                    }
                    m_cg_table.display(tout);
                    );
@@ -604,6 +622,8 @@ namespace smt {
                 SASSERT(!parent->is_cgc_enabled() || m_cg_table.contains_ptr(parent));
                 parent->set_mark();
                 if (parent->is_cgc_enabled()) {
+                    if (!parent->is_eq()) // we don't track generations of equalities.
+                        m_r1_parent_generations.push_back(std::make_pair(parent, get_generation(parent)));
                     m_cg_table.erase(parent);
                     SASSERT(!m_cg_table.contains_ptr(parent));
                 }
@@ -611,6 +631,20 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
+    // Sticky update to the generation number of the congruence class
+    // Goes out of scope when n is garbage collected.
+    void context::set_generation_sticky(enode * n, unsigned generation) {
+        SASSERT(n->uses_cg_table());
+        SASSERT(!n->is_eq());
+
+        // Callers are responsible for this. Sticky updates are too expensive to accommodate no-ops.
+        SASSERT(generation < get_generation(n));
+
+        set_generation(n, generation);
+        m_sticky_generation_updates.insert(n, generation);
+    }
+
+
     /**
        \brief Reinsert the parents of r1 that were removed from the
        cg_table at remove_parents_from_cg_table. Some of these parents will
@@ -628,6 +662,7 @@ namespace smt {
         enode_vector & r2_parents  = r2->m_parents;
         enode_vector & r1_parents  = r1->m_parents;
         unsigned num_r1_parents = r1_parents.size();
+        unsigned generation_cache_idx = 0;
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_r1_parents; ++i) {
             enode* parent = r1_parents[i];
             if (!parent->is_marked())
@@ -645,29 +680,43 @@ namespace smt {
                     lbool val  = get_assignment(v);
                     if (val != l_true) {
                         if (val == l_false && js.get_kind() == eq_justification::CONGRUENCE)
-                            m_dyn_ack_manager.cg_conflict_eh(n1->get_expr(), n2->get_expr());
+                            m_dyn_ack_manager.cg_conflict_eh(n1->get_app(), n2->get_app());
                         assign(literal(v), mk_justification(eq_propagation_justification(lhs, rhs)));
                     }
                     // It is not necessary to reinsert the equality to the congruence table
+                    // (because the only congruence propagations that could lead to are already handled by the assign() here).
                     continue;
                 }
             }
             if (parent->is_cgc_enabled()) {
+                // Look up the generation cache
+                unsigned parent_generation = 0; // Just use generation 0 for equalities
+                if (!parent->is_eq()) {
+                    auto [p, g] = m_r1_parent_generations[generation_cache_idx++];
+                    SASSERT(p == parent);   
+                    parent_generation = g;
+                }
+
                 auto [parent_prime, used_commutativity] = m_cg_table.insert(parent);
                 if (parent_prime == parent) {
                     SASSERT(parent);
-                    SASSERT(parent->is_cgr());
+                    SASSERT(parent->is_cgr());  
                     SASSERT(m_cg_table.contains_ptr(parent));
+                    parent->m_generation = parent_generation;
+
                     r2_parents.push_back(parent);
                     continue;
                 }
+                
                 parent->m_cg = parent_prime;
-                SASSERT(!m_cg_table.contains_ptr(parent));
+                merge_cgc_generations(parent, parent_generation, parent_prime);
+
                 if (parent_prime->m_root != parent->m_root) {
                     TRACE(cg, tout << "found new congruence: #" << parent->get_owner_id() << " = #" << parent_prime->get_owner_id()
                           << " used_commutativity: " << used_commutativity << "\n";);
                     push_new_congruence(parent, parent_prime, used_commutativity);
                 }
+                
             }
             else {
                 // If congruence closure is not enabled for parent, then I just copy it
@@ -675,6 +724,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 r2_parents.push_back(parent);
             }
         }
+        m_r1_parent_generations.reset();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -797,7 +847,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
                 else {
                     // uncommon case: r2 will have two theory_vars attached to it.
-                    r2->add_th_var(v1, t1, m_region);
+                    r2->add_th_var(v1, t1, get_region());
                     push_new_th_diseqs(r2, v1, get_theory(t1));
                     push_new_th_diseqs(r1, v2, get_theory(t2));
                 }
@@ -848,7 +898,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 theory_var v2 = r2->get_th_var(t1);
                 TRACE(merge_theory_vars, tout << get_theory(t1)->get_name() << ": " << v2 << " == " << v1 << "\n");
                 if (v2 == null_theory_var) {
-                    r2->add_th_var(v1, t1, m_region);
+                    r2->add_th_var(v1, t1, get_region());
                     push_new_th_diseqs(r2, v1, get_theory(t1));
                 }
                 l1 = l1->get_next();
@@ -911,7 +961,7 @@ namespace smt {
             lbool val2  = get_assignment(v2);
             if (val2 != val) {
                 if (val2 != l_undef && congruent(source, target) && source->get_num_args() > 0)
-                    m_dyn_ack_manager.cg_conflict_eh(source->get_expr(), target->get_expr());
+                    m_dyn_ack_manager.cg_conflict_eh(source->get_app(), target->get_app());
                 assign(literal(v2, sign), mk_justification(mp_iff_justification(source, target)));
             }
             target = target->get_next();
@@ -930,6 +980,8 @@ namespace smt {
         // unmerge "equivalence" classes
         std::swap(r1->m_next, r2->m_next);
 
+        SASSERT(m_r1_parent_generations.empty());
+
         // remove the parents of r1 that remained as congruence roots
         enode_vector::iterator it  = r2->begin_parents();
         enode_vector::iterator end = r2->end_parents();
@@ -946,6 +998,8 @@ namespace smt {
                        display(tout << "\n"););
                 SASSERT(parent->is_cgr());
                 SASSERT(m_cg_table.contains_ptr(parent));
+                if (!parent->is_eq())
+                    m_r1_parent_generations.push_back(std::make_pair(parent, get_generation(parent)));
                 m_cg_table.erase(parent);
             }
         }
@@ -960,22 +1014,52 @@ namespace smt {
         // restore parents of r2
         r2->m_parents.shrink(r2_num_parents);
 
+        unsigned generation_cache_idx = 0;
+
         // try to reinsert parents of r1 that are not cgr
         for (enode * parent : enode::parents(r1)) {
             TRACE(add_eq_parents, tout << "visiting: #" << parent->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
             if (parent->is_cgc_enabled()) {
-                
                 enode * cg = parent->m_cg;
                 if (!parent->is_true_eq() &&
-                    (parent == cg ||           // parent was root of the congruence class before and after the merge
-                     !congruent(parent, cg)    // parent was root of the congruence class before but not after the merge
-                     )) {
+                    (parent == cg ||            // parent was root of the congruence class before and after the merge
+                     !congruent(parent, cg))    // parent was root of the congruence class before but not after the merge
+                     ) {
+
+                    unsigned gen;
+                    if (parent->is_eq()) {
+                        gen = 0;
+                    } else if (parent == cg) {
+                        enode *p = nullptr;
+                        unsigned parent_generation;
+                        if (generation_cache_idx < m_r1_parent_generations.size()) {
+                            std::tie(p, parent_generation) = m_r1_parent_generations[generation_cache_idx];
+                        }
+                        if (p == parent) {
+                            generation_cache_idx++;
+                            gen = parent_generation;
+                        } else {
+                            SASSERT(m_cg_table.contains_ptr(parent));
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // Insert at some dummy generation here. An undo_merge_cgr will immediately follow to set the generation.
+                        unsigned dummy_generation = 100000; // NOT UINT_MAX. In case this goes badly overflows would be hell to debug.
+                        gen = dummy_generation;
+                    }
+
                     auto [parent_cg, used_commutativity] = m_cg_table.insert(parent);
+                    (void)used_commutativity;
                     parent->m_cg = parent_cg;
+                    if (parent_cg == parent)
+                        // parent is (again) the congruence root: restore its generation.
+                        parent->m_generation = gen;
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        m_r1_parent_generations.reset();
+
         // restore theory vars
         if (r2->m_th_var_list.get_next() == nullptr) {
             // common case: r2 has at most one variable
@@ -1010,6 +1094,28 @@ namespace smt {
         CASSERT("add_eq", check_invariant());
     }
 
+    void context::undo_merge_cgc_generations(enode * e1, unsigned e1_generation, enode * e2, unsigned e2_generation) {
+        // TODO: optimization: don't bother unrolling e1 if e1 is an enode about to be garbage collected.
+        set_generation(e1, e1_generation);
+        set_generation(e2, e2_generation);
+
+        apply_sticky_updates(e1, e1_generation, e2, e2_generation);
+    }
+
+    void context::apply_sticky_updates(enode * e1, unsigned e1_generation, enode * e2, unsigned e2_generation) {
+        SASSERT(e1->uses_cg_table());
+        SASSERT(e2->uses_cg_table());
+        // optimization opportunity: we actually just need to look at updates above the current decision level.
+        // Then we wouldn't have to check for minimum either.
+        for (auto const& [t, generation] : m_sticky_generation_updates) {            
+            if (generation < e1_generation && congruent(t, e1)) {
+                set_generation(e1, generation);
+            } else if (generation < e2_generation && congruent(t, e2)) {
+                set_generation(e2, generation);
+            }
+        }  
+    }
+
     /**
        \brief Auxiliary method for undo_add_eq.
        It restores the theory variables of a given root enode.
@@ -1129,7 +1235,7 @@ namespace smt {
             m.inc_ref(eq);
             _this->m_is_diseq_tmp = enode::mk_dummy(m, m_app2enode, eq);
         }
-        else if (m_is_diseq_tmp->get_expr()->get_arg(0)->get_sort() != n1->get_sort()) {
+        else if (m_is_diseq_tmp->get_app()->get_arg(0)->get_sort() != n1->get_sort()) {
             m.dec_ref(m_is_diseq_tmp->get_expr());
             app * eq = m.mk_eq(n1->get_expr(), n2->get_expr());
             m.inc_ref(eq);
@@ -1273,17 +1379,17 @@ namespace smt {
      */
     enode * context::get_enode_eq_to(func_decl * f, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args) {
         enode * tmp = m_tmp_enode.set(f, num_args, args);
-        enode * r   = m_cg_table.find(tmp);
+        enode * r = m_cg_table.find(tmp);
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
         if (r != nullptr) {
-            SASSERT(r->get_expr()->get_decl() == f);
+            SASSERT(r->get_decl() == f);
             SASSERT(r->get_num_args() == num_args);
             if (r->is_commutative()) {
                 // TODO
             }
             else {
                 for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
-                    expr * arg   = r->get_expr()->get_arg(i);
+                    expr * arg   = r->get_arg(i)->get_expr();
                     SASSERT(e_internalized(arg));
                     enode * _arg = get_enode(arg);
                     CTRACE(eq_to_bug, args[i]->get_root() != _arg->get_root(),
@@ -1523,16 +1629,24 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     lbool context::find_assignment(expr * n) const {
-        if (m.is_false(n))
-            return l_false;
+
         expr* arg = nullptr;
         if (m.is_not(n, arg)) {
+
             if (b_internalized(arg))
                 return ~get_assignment_core(arg);
+            if (m.is_false(arg))
+                return l_true;
+            if (m.is_true(arg))
+                return l_false;
             return l_undef;
         }
         if (b_internalized(n))
             return get_assignment(n);
+        if (m.is_false(n))
+            return l_false;
+        if (m.is_true(n))
+            return l_true;
         return l_undef;
     }
 
@@ -1761,9 +1875,11 @@ namespace smt {
         return m_fingerprints.contains(q, q->get_id(), num_bindings, bindings);
     }
 
-    bool context::add_instance(quantifier * q, app * pat, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings, expr* def, unsigned max_generation,
+    bool context::add_instance(quantifier * q, app * pat, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings, //expr* def, 
+        unsigned max_generation,
                                unsigned min_top_generation, unsigned max_top_generation, vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> & used_enodes) {
-        return m_qmanager->add_instance(q, pat, num_bindings, bindings, def, max_generation, min_top_generation, max_top_generation, used_enodes);
+        return m_qmanager->add_instance(q, pat, num_bindings, bindings, 
+            max_generation, min_top_generation, max_top_generation, used_enodes);
     }
 
     void context::rescale_bool_var_activity() {
@@ -1938,13 +2054,13 @@ namespace smt {
 
         m_scope_lvl++;
         m_region.push_scope();
+        get_trail_stack().push_scope();
         m_scopes.push_back(scope());
         scope & s = m_scopes.back();
         // TRACE(context, tout << "push " << m_scope_lvl << "\n";);
 
         m_relevancy_propagator->push();
         s.m_assigned_literals_lim    = m_assigned_literals.size();
-        s.m_trail_stack_lim          = m_trail_stack.size();
         s.m_aux_clauses_lim          = m_aux_clauses.size();
         s.m_justifications_lim       = m_justifications.size();
         s.m_units_to_reassert_lim    = m_units_to_reassert.size();
@@ -1960,12 +2076,6 @@ namespace smt {
         CASSERT("context", check_invariant());
     }
 
-    /**
-       \brief Execute generic undo-objects.
-    */
-    void context::undo_trail_stack(unsigned old_size) {
-        ::undo_trail_stack(m_trail_stack, old_size);
-    }
 
     /**
        \brief Remove watch literal idx from the given clause.
@@ -2232,8 +2342,9 @@ namespace smt {
                     unsigned ilvl = e->get_iscope_lvl();
                     if (ilvl <= new_scope_lvl)
                         continue; // node and its children will not be recreated during backtracking
-                    TRACE(cached_generation, tout << "caching: #" << n->get_id() << " " << e->get_generation() << "\n";);
-                    m_cached_generation.insert(n, e->get_generation());
+                    unsigned generation = get_generation(e);
+                    TRACE(cached_generation, tout << "caching: #" << n->get_id() << " " << generation << "\n";);
+                    m_cached_generation.insert(n, generation);
                 }
                 for (expr * arg : *to_app(n)) {
                     if (is_app(arg) || is_quantifier(arg))
@@ -2452,23 +2563,25 @@ namespace smt {
             m_relevancy_propagator->pop(num_scopes);
 
             m_fingerprints.pop_scope(num_scopes);
+
+
+
             unassign_vars(s.m_assigned_literals_lim);
-            undo_trail_stack(s.m_trail_stack_lim);
+            m_trail_stack.pop_scope(num_scopes);
 
             for (theory* th : m_theory_set) 
                 th->pop_scope_eh(num_scopes);
-
             del_justifications(m_justifications, s.m_justifications_lim);
-
             m_asserted_formulas.pop_scope(num_scopes);
 
             CTRACE(propagate_atoms, !m_atom_propagation_queue.empty(), tout << m_atom_propagation_queue << "\n";);
 
+
             m_eq_propagation_queue.reset();
             m_th_eq_propagation_queue.reset();
+            m_region.pop_scope(num_scopes);
             m_th_diseq_propagation_queue.reset();
             m_atom_propagation_queue.reset();
-            m_region.pop_scope(num_scopes);
             m_scopes.shrink(new_lvl);
             m_conflict_resolution->reset();
 
@@ -3056,7 +3169,7 @@ namespace smt {
         del_clauses(m_lemmas, 0);
         del_justifications(m_justifications, 0);
         reset_tmp_clauses();
-        undo_trail_stack(0);
+        m_trail_stack.reset();
         m_qmanager = nullptr;
         if (m_is_diseq_tmp) {
             m_is_diseq_tmp->del_eh(m, false);
@@ -3640,6 +3753,13 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
+    void context::setup_for_parallel() {
+        // Native SMT parallel configures the parent context before cloning workers.
+        // context::copy then configures/internalizes each worker copy while
+        // preprocessing is still enabled.
+        setup_context(m_fparams.m_auto_config);
+    }
+
     config_mode context::get_config_mode(bool use_static_features) const {
         if (!m_fparams.m_auto_config)
             return CFG_BASIC;
@@ -4160,9 +4280,17 @@ namespace smt {
                 return FC_CONTINUE;
             }
             if (m_final_check_idx == old_idx) {
-                if (level >= max_level || result == FC_DONE || can_propagate())
+                if (level >= max_level || result == FC_DONE || result == FC_CONTINUE || can_propagate())
                     break;
                 ++level;
+                // Re-evaluate at the higher level: clear the give-up state
+                // accumulated at lower levels so a level that succeeds is
+                // not masked by a previous FC_GIVEUP. See e.g. theory_lra
+                // whose level 2 invokes the full nlsat (m_nra.check) that
+                // is skipped at level 1.
+                result = FC_DONE;
+                f      = OK;
+                m_incomplete_theories.reset();
             }
         }
 
@@ -4642,7 +4770,7 @@ namespace smt {
             return false;
         }
         case 1: {
-            if (m_qmanager->is_shared(n) && !m.is_lambda_def(n->get_expr()) && !m_lambdas.contains(n)) 
+            if (m_qmanager->is_shared(n) && !m_lambdas.contains(n)) 
                 return true;
 
             // the variable is shared if the equivalence class of n
@@ -4652,8 +4780,7 @@ namespace smt {
             theory_id th_id     = l->get_id();
 
             for (enode * parent : enode::parents(n)) {
-                app* p = parent->get_expr();
-                family_id fid = p->get_family_id();
+                family_id fid = parent->get_family_id();
                 if (fid != th_id && fid != m.get_basic_family_id()) {
                     if (is_beta_redex(parent, n))
                         continue;
@@ -4701,7 +4828,7 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     bool context::is_beta_redex(enode* p, enode* n) const {
-        family_id th_id = p->get_expr()->get_family_id();
+        family_id th_id = p->get_family_id();
         theory * th = get_theory(th_id);
         return th && th->is_beta_redex(p, n);
     }
@@ -4854,7 +4981,7 @@ namespace smt {
             m_model->add_rec_funs();
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_context.h b/src/smt/smt_context.h
index a914c8a708..7938c70742 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_context.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_context.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Revision History:
 --*/
 #pragma once
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include "ast/quantifier_stat.h"
 #include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
 #include "smt/smt_clause.h"
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "util/ref.h"
 #include "util/timer.h"
 #include "util/statistics.h"
+#include "util/map.h"
 #include "smt/fingerprints.h"
 #include "smt/proto_model/proto_model.h"
 #include "smt/theory_user_propagator.h"
@@ -63,6 +65,10 @@ namespace smt {
 
     class model_generator;
     class context;
+    class kernel;
+
+    // Hash table for storing enode -> generation mappings
+    typedef ptr_addr_map<enode, unsigned> enode_generation_table;
 
     struct oom_exception : public z3_error {
         oom_exception() : z3_error(ERR_MEMOUT) {}
@@ -84,6 +90,7 @@ namespace smt {
         friend class model_generator;
         friend class lookahead;
         friend class parallel;
+        friend class kernel;
     public:
         statistics                  m_stats;
 
@@ -101,6 +108,7 @@ namespace smt {
         setup                       m_setup;
         unsigned                    m_relevancy_lvl;
         timer                       m_timer;
+        region                      m_region;
         asserted_formulas           m_asserted_formulas;
         th_rewriter                 m_rewriter;
         scoped_ptr<quantifier_manager>   m_qmanager;
@@ -113,7 +121,6 @@ namespace smt {
         progress_callback *         m_progress_callback;
         unsigned                    m_next_progress_sample;
         clause_proof                m_clause_proof;
-        region                      m_region;
         fingerprint_set             m_fingerprints;
 
         expr_ref_vector             m_b_internalized_stack; // stack of the boolean expressions already internalized.
@@ -121,7 +128,6 @@ namespace smt {
         // enodes. Examples: boolean expression nested in an
         // uninterpreted function.
         expr_ref_vector             m_e_internalized_stack; // stack of the expressions already internalized as enodes.
-        quantifier_ref_vector       m_l_internalized_stack;
 
         ptr_vector<justification>   m_justifications;
 
@@ -137,6 +143,7 @@ namespace smt {
         scoped_ptr<base_dependent_expr_state> m_fmls;
 
         svector<double> m_lit_scores[2];
+        svector<unsigned> m_birthdate;
 
 
         // -----------------------------------
@@ -153,6 +160,8 @@ namespace smt {
         vector<enode_vector>        m_decl2enodes;  // decl -> enode (for decls with arity > 0)
         enode_vector                m_empty_vector;
         cg_table                    m_cg_table;
+        enode_generation_table      m_sticky_generation_updates;
+        vector<std::pair<enode*, unsigned>>      m_r1_parent_generations; // temporary field used to cache generations between remove_parents_from_cg_table and reinsert_parents_into_cg_table
         struct new_eq {
             enode *                 m_lhs;
             enode *                 m_rhs;
@@ -290,6 +299,10 @@ namespace smt {
             return m_fparams;
         }
 
+        smt_params const& get_fparams() const {
+            return m_fparams;
+        }
+
         params_ref const & get_params() {
             return m_params;
         }
@@ -450,6 +463,8 @@ namespace smt {
         svector<double> const & get_activity_vector() const { return m_activity; }
 
         double get_activity(bool_var v) const { return m_activity[v]; }
+        unsigned get_num_assignments() const { return m_stats.m_num_assignments; }
+        unsigned get_birthdate(bool_var v) const { return m_birthdate[v]; }
 
         void set_activity(bool_var v, double act) { m_activity[v] = act; }
 
@@ -536,6 +551,8 @@ namespace smt {
             return m_scope_lvl == m_search_lvl;
         }
 
+        void pop_to_search_level() { pop_to_search_lvl(); }
+
         bool tracking_assumptions() const {
             return !m_assumptions.empty() && m_search_lvl > m_base_lvl;
         }
@@ -603,6 +620,26 @@ namespace smt {
             return m_qmanager->get_generation(q);
         }
 
+        unsigned get_generation(enode * e) const  {
+            // We don't support patterns with equality so there is no need to track generations for them.
+            if (e->is_eq())
+                return 0;
+
+            return get_cg_root(e)->m_generation;
+        }
+
+        unsigned get_max_generation(unsigned num_enodes, enode * const * enodes) {
+            unsigned max = 0;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_enodes; ++i) {
+                unsigned curr = get_generation(enodes[i]);
+                if (curr > max)
+                    max = curr;
+            }
+            return max;
+        }
+
+        void set_generation(enode * e, unsigned generation);
+
         /**
            \brief Return true if the logical context internalized universal quantifiers.
         */
@@ -617,8 +654,8 @@ namespace smt {
             return m_asserted_formulas.has_quantifiers();
         }
 
-        fingerprint * add_fingerprint(void * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args, expr* def = nullptr) {
-            return m_fingerprints.insert(data, data_hash, num_args, args, def);
+        fingerprint * add_fingerprint(void * data, unsigned data_hash, unsigned num_args, enode * const * args) {
+            return m_fingerprints.insert(data, data_hash, num_args, args);
         }
 
         theory_id get_var_theory(bool_var v) const {
@@ -643,7 +680,6 @@ namespace smt {
         //
         // -----------------------------------
     protected:
-        typedef ptr_vector<trail >   trail_stack;
         trail_stack                           m_trail_stack;
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
         bool                                  m_trail_enabled { true };
@@ -653,11 +689,15 @@ namespace smt {
         template<typename TrailObject>
         void push_trail(const TrailObject & obj) {
             SASSERT(m_trail_enabled);
-            m_trail_stack.push_back(new (m_region) TrailObject(obj));
+            m_trail_stack.push(obj);
         }
 
         void push_trail_ptr(trail * ptr) {
-            m_trail_stack.push_back(ptr);
+            m_trail_stack.push_ptr(ptr);
+        }
+
+        trail_stack& get_trail_stack() {
+            return m_trail_stack;
         }
 
     protected:
@@ -667,7 +707,6 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned                    m_search_lvl { 0 }; // It is greater than m_base_lvl when assumptions are used.  Otherwise, it is equals to m_base_lvl
         struct scope {
             unsigned                m_assigned_literals_lim;
-            unsigned                m_trail_stack_lim;
             unsigned                m_aux_clauses_lim;
             unsigned                m_justifications_lim;
             unsigned                m_units_to_reassert_lim;
@@ -687,8 +726,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
         void pop_scope(unsigned num_scopes);
 
-        void undo_trail_stack(unsigned old_size);
-
         void unassign_vars(unsigned old_lim);
 
         void remove_watch_literal(clause * cls, unsigned idx);
@@ -782,6 +819,13 @@ namespace smt {
             return get_bdata(get_bool_var(n));
         }
 
+        void update_generation(enode * n);
+
+        void update_generation(expr * e) {
+            if (is_app(e) && e_internalized(e))
+                update_generation(get_enode(to_app(e)));
+        }
+
         typedef std::pair<expr *, bool> expr_bool_pair;
 
         void ts_visit_child(expr * n, bool gate_ctx, svector<expr_bool_pair> & todo, bool & visited);
@@ -860,18 +904,8 @@ namespace smt {
         mk_enode_trail   m_mk_enode_trail;
         void undo_mk_enode();
 
-        friend class mk_lambda_trail;
-        class mk_lambda_trail : public trail {
-            context& ctx;
-        public:
-            mk_lambda_trail(context& ctx) :ctx(ctx) {}
-            void undo() override { ctx.undo_mk_lambda(); }
-        };
-        mk_lambda_trail   m_mk_lambda_trail;
-        void undo_mk_lambda();
 
-
-        void apply_sort_cnstr(app * term, enode * e);
+        void apply_sort_cnstr(expr * term, enode * e);
 
         bool simplify_aux_clause_literals(unsigned & num_lits, literal * lits, literal_buffer & simp_lits);
 
@@ -949,6 +983,8 @@ namespace smt {
 
         void internalize(expr * n, bool gate_ctx, unsigned generation);
 
+        enode *non_ground_internalize(expr *e);
+
         clause * mk_clause(unsigned num_lits, literal * lits, justification * j, clause_kind k = CLS_AUX, clause_del_eh * del_eh = nullptr);
 
         void mk_clause(literal l1, literal l2, justification * j);
@@ -1015,13 +1051,13 @@ namespace smt {
 
         bool_var mk_bool_var(expr * n);
 
-        enode * mk_enode(app * n, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, bool cgc_enabled);
+        enode * mk_enode(expr * n, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, bool cgc_enabled);
 
         void attach_th_var(enode * n, theory * th, theory_var v);
 
         template<typename Justification>
         justification * mk_justification(Justification const & j) {
-            justification * js = new (m_region) Justification(j);
+            justification * js = new (get_region()) Justification(j);
             SASSERT(js->in_region());
             if (js->has_del_eh())
                 m_justifications.push_back(js);
@@ -1103,8 +1139,8 @@ namespace smt {
 
         bool contains_instance(quantifier * q, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings);
 
-        bool add_instance(quantifier * q, app * pat, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings, expr* def, unsigned max_generation,
-                          unsigned min_top_generation, unsigned max_top_generation, vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode*>> & used_enodes /*gives the equalities used for the pattern match, see mam.cpp for more info*/);
+        bool add_instance(quantifier * q, app * pat, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings, 
+            unsigned max_generation, unsigned min_top_generation, unsigned max_top_generation, vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode*>> & used_enodes /*gives the equalities used for the pattern match, see mam.cpp for more info*/);
 
         void set_global_generation(unsigned generation) { m_generation = generation; }
 
@@ -1122,12 +1158,16 @@ namespace smt {
         void push_new_th_diseq(theory_id th, theory_var lhs, theory_var rhs);
 
         friend class add_eq_trail;
-
+        friend class merge_cgc_generations_trail;
 
         void remove_parents_from_cg_table(enode * r1);
 
         void reinsert_parents_into_cg_table(enode * r1, enode * r2, enode * n1, enode * n2, eq_justification js);
 
+        void merge_cgc_generations(enode * e1, unsigned e1_generation, enode * e2);
+
+        void set_generation_sticky(enode * e, unsigned generation);
+
         void invert_trans(enode * n);
 
         theory_var get_closest_var(enode * n, theory_id th_id);
@@ -1138,13 +1178,17 @@ namespace smt {
 
         void propagate_bool_enode_assignment_core(enode * source, enode * target);
 
+        void undo_merge_cgc_generations(enode * e1, unsigned e1_generation, enode * e2, unsigned e2_generation);
+
+        void apply_sticky_updates(enode * e1, unsigned e1_generation, enode * e2, unsigned e2_generation);
+
         void undo_add_eq(enode * r1, enode * n1, unsigned r2_num_parents);
 
         void restore_theory_vars(enode * r2, enode * r1);
 
         void push_eq(enode * lhs, enode * rhs, eq_justification const & js) {
             if (lhs->get_root() != rhs->get_root()) {
-                SASSERT(lhs->get_expr()->get_sort() == rhs->get_expr()->get_sort());
+                SASSERT(lhs->get_sort() == rhs->get_sort());
                 m_eq_propagation_queue.push_back(new_eq(lhs, rhs, js));
             }
         }
@@ -1184,6 +1228,18 @@ namespace smt {
 
         static bool is_eq(enode const * n1, enode const * n2) { return n1->get_root() == n2->get_root(); }
 
+        enode * get_cg_root(enode * n) const {
+            if (!n->uses_cg_table())
+                return n;
+            // Fast path: if e is already the congruence root, avoid table lookup.
+            // This is important for performance, since get_cg_root is called on every generation lookup.
+            if (n->is_cgr())
+                return n;
+            auto r = m_cg_table.find(n);
+            SASSERT(r != nullptr);
+            return r;
+        }
+
         bool is_diseq(enode * n1, enode * n2) const;
 
         bool is_diseq_slow(enode * n1, enode * n2) const;
@@ -1698,6 +1754,8 @@ namespace smt {
 
         lbool setup_and_check(bool reset_cancel = true);
 
+        void setup_for_parallel();
+
         void reduce_assertions();
 
         bool resource_limits_exceeded();
@@ -1722,8 +1780,16 @@ namespace smt {
 
         void internalize_instance(expr * body, proof * pr, unsigned generation) {
             internalize_assertion(body, pr, generation);
-            if (relevancy())
+            if (relevancy()) {
+                // if the instantiation creates a conflict, we backtrack immediately.
+                // to retain the conflict clause being relevant we mark it here.
+                // if the instantiation does not create a conflict, default relevancy propagation applies.
+                if (inconsistent() && is_app(body)) {
+                    for (auto arg : *to_app(body))
+                        mark_as_relevant(arg);
+                }
                 m_case_split_queue->internalize_instance_eh(body, generation);
+            }
         }
 
         unsigned get_unsat_core_size() const {
@@ -1913,6 +1979,4 @@ namespace smt {
 
     std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, enode_pp const& p);
 
-};
-
-
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_context_inv.cpp b/src/smt/smt_context_inv.cpp
index e8f590e1a3..05b60ee625 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_context_inv.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_context_inv.cpp
@@ -420,5 +420,5 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_context_pp.cpp b/src/smt/smt_context_pp.cpp
index 51e7c71926..10d6f624b8 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_context_pp.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_context_pp.cpp
@@ -423,6 +423,7 @@ namespace smt {
         st.update("minimized lits", m_stats.m_num_minimized_lits);
         st.update("num checks", m_stats.m_num_checks);
         st.update("mk bool var", m_stats.m_num_mk_bool_var ? m_stats.m_num_mk_bool_var - 1 : 0);
+        st.update("random seed", m_fparams.m_random_seed);
         m_qmanager->collect_statistics(st);
         m_asserted_formulas.collect_statistics(st);
         for (theory* th : m_theory_set) {
@@ -544,14 +545,14 @@ namespace smt {
             out << std::left << n->get_owner_id() << " #";
             out.width(5);
             out << n->get_root()->get_owner_id() << " := " << std::right;
-            unsigned num = n->get_expr()->get_num_args();
+            unsigned num = n->get_num_args();
             if (num > 0)
                 out << "(";
             out << n->get_decl()->get_name();
             if (!n->get_decl()->private_parameters())
                 display_parameters(out, n->get_decl()->get_num_parameters(), n->get_decl()->get_parameters());
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
-                expr * arg = n->get_expr()->get_arg(i);
+                expr * arg = n->get_arg(i)->get_expr();
                 if (e_internalized(arg)) {
                     enode * n = get_enode(arg)->get_root();
                     out << " #" << n->get_owner_id();
@@ -785,5 +786,5 @@ namespace smt {
         IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << str);
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_context_stat.cpp b/src/smt/smt_context_stat.cpp
index e1ff89c544..c01091e2b2 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_context_stat.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_context_stat.cpp
@@ -145,4 +145,4 @@ namespace smt {
         if (m_fparams.m_profile_res_sub)
             display_profile_res_sub(out);
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_enode.cpp b/src/smt/smt_enode.cpp
index 99424c8ed4..7e630f8a7d 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_enode.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_enode.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ Revision History:
 #include "smt/smt_enode.h"
 
 namespace smt {
-    
+
     /**
        \brief Initialize an enode in the given memory position.
     */
-    enode * enode::init(ast_manager & m, void * mem, app2enode_t const & app2enode, app * owner, 
+    enode * enode::init(ast_manager & m, void * mem, app2enode_t const & app2enode, expr * owner, 
                         unsigned generation, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, unsigned iscope_lvl,
                         bool cgc_enabled, bool update_children_parent) {
         SASSERT(m.is_bool(owner) || !merge_tf);
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace smt {
         n->m_interpreted      = false;
         n->m_suppress_args    = suppress_args;
         n->m_eq               = m.is_eq(owner);
-        n->m_commutative      = n->get_num_args() == 2 && owner->get_decl()->is_commutative();
+        n->m_commutative      = n->get_num_args() == 2 && n->get_decl()->is_commutative();
         n->m_bool             = m.is_bool(owner);
         n->m_merge_tf         = merge_tf;
         n->m_cgc_enabled      = cgc_enabled;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace smt {
         n->m_is_shared        = 2;
         unsigned num_args     = n->get_num_args();
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {            
-            enode * arg  = app2enode[owner->get_arg(i)->get_id()];
+            enode * arg  = app2enode[to_app(owner)->get_arg(i)->get_id()];
             n->m_args[i] = arg;
             arg->get_root()->m_is_shared = 2;
             SASSERT(n->get_arg(i) == arg);
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ namespace smt {
         return n;
     }
 
-    enode * enode::mk(ast_manager & m, region & r, app2enode_t const & app2enode, app * owner, 
-                           unsigned generation, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, unsigned iscope_lvl,
-                           bool cgc_enabled, bool update_children_parent) {
+    enode * enode::mk(ast_manager & m, region & r, app2enode_t const & app2enode, expr * owner, 
+                        unsigned generation, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, unsigned iscope_lvl,
+                        bool cgc_enabled, bool update_children_parent) {
         SASSERT(m.is_bool(owner) || !merge_tf);
-        unsigned sz           = get_enode_size(suppress_args ? 0 : owner->get_num_args());
+        unsigned sz           = get_enode_size(suppress_args || !::is_app(owner) ? 0 : to_app(owner)->get_num_args());
         void * mem            = r.allocate(sz);
         return init(m, mem, app2enode, owner, generation, suppress_args, merge_tf, iscope_lvl, cgc_enabled, update_children_parent);
     }
@@ -131,19 +131,6 @@ namespace smt {
         m_th_var_list.del_var(id);
     }
 
-    
-    /**
-       \brief Push old value of generation on the context trail stack
-       and update the generation.       
-    */
-    void enode::set_generation(context & ctx, unsigned generation) {
-        if (m_generation == generation)
-            return;
-        ctx.push_trail(value_trail<unsigned>(m_generation));
-        m_generation = generation;
-    }
-
-
     void enode::set_lbl_hash(context & ctx) {
         SASSERT(m_lbl_hash == -1);
         // m_lbl_hash should be different from -1, if and only if,
@@ -160,16 +147,17 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
-    enode * enode::get_eq_enode_with_min_gen() {
-        if (m_generation == 0)
-            return this;
+    enode * enode::get_eq_enode_with_min_gen(context * ctx) {
         enode * r = this;
         enode * curr = this; 
+        unsigned r_gen = ctx->get_generation(r);
         do {
-            if (curr->m_generation < r->m_generation) {
+            unsigned curr_gen = ctx->get_generation(curr);
+            if (curr_gen == 0)
+                return curr;
+            if (curr_gen < r_gen) {
                 r = curr;
-                if (r->m_generation == 0)
-                    return r;
+                r_gen = curr_gen;
             }
             curr = curr->m_next;
         }
@@ -279,7 +267,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
     bool congruent(enode * n1, enode * n2, bool & comm) {
         comm          = false;
-        if (n1->get_expr()->get_decl() != n2->get_expr()->get_decl())
+        if (!n1->is_app() || n1->get_decl() != n2->get_decl())
             return false;
         unsigned num_args = n1->get_num_args();
         if (num_args != n2->get_num_args())
@@ -306,16 +294,6 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
-    unsigned get_max_generation(unsigned num_enodes, enode * const * enodes) {
-        unsigned max = 0;
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_enodes; ++i) {
-            unsigned curr = enodes[i]->get_generation();
-            if (curr > max)
-                max = curr;
-        }
-        return max;
-    }
-
     void unmark_enodes(unsigned num_enodes, enode * const * enodes) {
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_enodes; ++i)
             enodes[i]->unset_mark();
@@ -373,5 +351,5 @@ namespace smt {
         get_enode()->m_func_decl_id = UINT_MAX;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_enode.h b/src/smt/smt_enode.h
index 3f488a3b70..1ba3d76b39 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_enode.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_enode.h
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ namespace smt {
        equality propagation, and the theory central bus of equalities.
     */
     class enode {
-        app  *              m_owner;    //!< The application that 'owns' this enode.
+        expr  *             m_owner;    //!< The application that 'owns' this enode.
         enode *             m_root;     //!< Representative of the equivalence class
         enode *             m_next;     //!< Next element in the equivalence class.
         enode *             m_cg;       
         unsigned            m_class_size;    //!< Size of the equivalence class if the enode is the root.
-        unsigned            m_generation; //!< Tracks how many quantifier instantiation rounds were needed to generate this enode.
+        unsigned            m_generation;    //!< Cached generation of the congruence class. Valid when is_cgr(), or when the enode does not use the cg_table (constants/leaves/true-eq nodes), where it directly stores the enode's generation.
 
         unsigned            m_func_decl_id; //!< Id generated by the congruence table for fast indexing.
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace smt {
         approx_set          m_lbls;
         approx_set          m_plbls;
         enode *             m_args[0];          //!< Cached args
-        
+
         friend class context;
         friend class conflict_resolution;
         friend class quantifier_manager;
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
         friend class tmp_enode;
 
-        static enode * init(ast_manager & m, void * mem, app2enode_t const & app2enode, app * owner, 
+        static enode * init(ast_manager & m, void * mem, app2enode_t const & app2enode, expr * owner, 
                             unsigned generation, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, unsigned iscope_lvl,
                             bool cgc_enabled, bool update_children_parent);
     public:
@@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ namespace smt {
             return sizeof(enode) + num_args * sizeof(enode*);
         }
         
-        static enode * mk(ast_manager & m, region & r, app2enode_t const & app2enode, app * owner, 
-                          unsigned generation, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, unsigned iscope_lvl,
-                          bool cgc_enabled, bool update_children_parent);
+        static enode * mk(ast_manager & m, region & r, app2enode_t const & app2enode, expr * owner, 
+                            unsigned generation, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, unsigned iscope_lvl,
+                            bool cgc_enabled, bool update_children_parent);
 
         static enode * mk_dummy(ast_manager & m, app2enode_t const & app2enode, app * owner);
         
@@ -166,16 +166,28 @@ namespace smt {
 
         void del_eh(ast_manager & m, bool update_children_parent = true);
         
-        app * get_expr() const { return m_owner; }
+        app * get_app() const { SASSERT(is_app()); return to_app(m_owner); }
+
+        expr *get_expr() const {
+            return m_owner;
+        }
+
+        bool is_app() const {
+            return ::is_app(m_owner);
+        }               
 
         unsigned get_owner_id() const { return m_owner->get_id(); }
         unsigned get_expr_id() const { return m_owner->get_id(); }
 
-        func_decl * get_decl() const { return m_owner->get_decl(); }
-        unsigned get_decl_id() const { return m_owner->get_decl()->get_small_id(); }
+        func_decl * get_decl() const { return is_app() ? to_app(m_owner)->get_decl() : nullptr; }
+        unsigned get_decl_id() const { return is_app() ? to_app(m_owner)->get_decl()->get_small_id() : 43; }
 
         sort* get_sort() const { return m_owner->get_sort(); }
 
+        family_id get_family_id() const {
+            return is_app() ? to_app(m_owner)->get_family_id() : basic_family_id;
+        }
+
         unsigned hash() const {
             return m_owner->hash();
         }
@@ -213,7 +225,7 @@ namespace smt {
         }
 
         unsigned get_num_args() const { 
-            return m_suppress_args ? 0 : m_owner->get_num_args(); 
+            return m_suppress_args || !is_app() ? 0 : to_app(m_owner)->get_num_args(); 
         }
 
         enode * get_arg(unsigned idx) const {
@@ -302,6 +314,10 @@ namespace smt {
             return m_cg;
         }
 
+        bool uses_cg_table() const {
+            return get_num_args() > 0 && is_cgc_enabled() && !is_true_eq();
+        }
+
         bool is_cgc_enabled() const {
             return m_cgc_enabled;
         }
@@ -381,18 +397,12 @@ namespace smt {
         trans_justification get_trans_justification() {
             return m_trans;
         }
-
-        unsigned get_generation() const {
-            return m_generation;
-        }
-
-        void set_generation(context & ctx, unsigned generation);
         
         /**
            \brief Return the enode n that is in the eqc of *this, and has the minimal generation.
            That is, there is no other enode with smaller generation.
         */
-        enode * get_eq_enode_with_min_gen();
+        enode * get_eq_enode_with_min_gen(context * ctx);
 
         unsigned get_iscope_lvl() const {
             return m_iscope_lvl;
@@ -447,8 +457,6 @@ namespace smt {
         bool aux;
         return congruent(n1, n2, aux);
     }
-
-    unsigned get_max_generation(unsigned num_enodes, enode * const * enodes);
     
     void unmark_enodes(unsigned num_enodes, enode * const * enodes);
 
@@ -468,6 +476,6 @@ namespace smt {
     };
 
     inline mk_pp pp(enode* n, ast_manager& m) { return mk_pp(n->get_expr(), m); }
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_eq_justification.h b/src/smt/smt_eq_justification.h
index cc8b3ceb61..a8a3226c36 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_eq_justification.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_eq_justification.h
@@ -78,6 +78,6 @@ namespace smt {
     };
 
     const eq_justification null_eq_justification(static_cast<justification*>(nullptr));
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_failure.h b/src/smt/smt_failure.h
index 15890dd5bd..5ebc1fff61 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_failure.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_failure.h
@@ -35,5 +35,5 @@ namespace smt {
         QUANTIFIERS    //!< Logical context contains universal quantifiers.
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_for_each_relevant_expr.cpp b/src/smt/smt_for_each_relevant_expr.cpp
index e71a848a2b..5aac74b349 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_for_each_relevant_expr.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_for_each_relevant_expr.cpp
@@ -295,4 +295,4 @@ namespace smt {
         m_manager.is_label(n, pos, m_buffer); // copy symbols to buffer
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_for_each_relevant_expr.h b/src/smt/smt_for_each_relevant_expr.h
index 20be165c67..5fdb151736 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_for_each_relevant_expr.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_for_each_relevant_expr.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned count_at_labels_lit(expr* n, bool polarity);
 
     public:
-        check_at_labels(ast_manager& m) : m_manager(m) {};
+        check_at_labels(ast_manager& m) : m_manager(m) {}
 
         /**
            \brief Check that 'n' as a formula contains at most one @ label within each and-or path.
@@ -105,6 +105,6 @@ namespace smt {
         void operator()(expr * n) override;
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_implied_equalities.h b/src/smt/smt_implied_equalities.h
index 8a063a5d85..6357cc952f 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_implied_equalities.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_implied_equalities.h
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned* class_ids);            
 
     
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_internalizer.cpp b/src/smt/smt_internalizer.cpp
index 8889409c28..908f505893 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_internalizer.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_internalizer.cpp
@@ -101,6 +101,63 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
+    void context::update_generation(enode * e) {
+        // We don't support patterns with equality so there is no need to track generations for them.
+        if (e->is_eq())
+            return;
+
+        if (0 < m_generation && m_generation < get_generation(e)) {
+            if (e->uses_cg_table())
+                set_generation_sticky(e, m_generation);
+            else
+                set_generation(e, m_generation);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void context::set_generation(enode * e, unsigned generation) {
+        // We don't support patterns with equality so there is no need to track generations for them.
+        if (e->is_eq())
+            return;
+
+        // The class generation is stored in the congruence root's m_generation field.
+        enode * cgr = get_cg_root(e);
+        cgr->m_generation = generation;
+    }
+
+    class merge_cgc_generations_trail : public trail {
+        context& ctx;
+        enode* m_e1;
+        unsigned m_e1_generation;
+        enode* m_e2;
+        unsigned m_e2_generation;
+    public:
+        merge_cgc_generations_trail(context& ctx, enode* e1, unsigned e1_generation, enode* e2, unsigned e2_generation):
+            ctx(ctx),
+            m_e1(e1),
+            m_e1_generation(e1_generation),
+            m_e2(e2),
+            m_e2_generation(e2_generation) {
+        }
+
+        void undo() override {
+            ctx.undo_merge_cgc_generations(m_e1, m_e1_generation, m_e2, m_e2_generation);
+        }
+    };
+
+    void context::merge_cgc_generations(enode * e1, unsigned e1_generation, enode * e2) {
+        SASSERT(e2->is_cgr());
+        SASSERT(!m_cg_table.contains_ptr(e1));
+        SASSERT(m_cg_table.contains_ptr(e2));
+
+        // Push trail even if we have a no-op. Otherwise we can't restore e1's generation after unmerging.
+        push_trail(merge_cgc_generations_trail(*this, e1, e1_generation, e2, e2->m_generation));
+
+        if (e1_generation >= e2->m_generation)
+            return; // no-op
+
+        e2->m_generation = e1_generation;
+    }
+
     void context::ts_visit_child(expr * n, bool gate_ctx, svector<expr_bool_pair> & todo, bool & visited) {
         if (get_color(tcolors, fcolors, n, gate_ctx) == White) {
             todo.push_back(expr_bool_pair(n, gate_ctx));
@@ -115,12 +172,16 @@ namespace smt {
             return true;
         SASSERT(is_app(n));
         if (m.is_bool(n)) {
-            if (b_internalized(n))
+            if (b_internalized(n)) {
+                update_generation(n);                
                 return true;
+            }
         }
         else {
-            if (e_internalized(n))
+            update_generation(n);
+            if (e_internalized(n))                 
                 return true;
+            
         }
 
         bool visited  = true;
@@ -358,6 +419,28 @@ namespace smt {
         internalize_rec(n, gate_ctx);
     }
 
+    enode *context::non_ground_internalize(expr *e) {
+        if (e_internalized(e))
+            return get_enode(e);
+        if (is_ground(e)) {
+            internalize(e, false);
+            return get_enode(e);
+        }
+        for (auto arg : subterms::ground(expr_ref(e, m))) {
+            if ((is_forall(arg) || is_exists(arg)) && !e_internalized(arg)) {
+                expr_ref fn(m.mk_fresh_const("proxy-expr", e->get_sort()), m);
+                expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(fn, e), m);
+                assert_expr(eq);
+                internalize_assertions();
+                if (!e_internalized(fn)) 
+                    internalize(fn, false);
+                return get_enode(fn);
+            }
+        }
+        internalize(e, false);
+        return get_enode(e);
+    }
+
     void context::internalize(expr* const* exprs, unsigned num_exprs, bool gate_ctx) {
         internalize_deep(exprs, num_exprs);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_exprs; ++i) 
@@ -404,6 +487,8 @@ namespace smt {
             bool_var v = get_bool_var(n);
             TRACE(internalize_bug, tout << "#" << n->get_id() << " already has bool_var v" << v << "\n";);
             
+            update_generation(n);            
+            
             // n was already internalized as boolean, but an enode was
             // not associated with it.  So, an enode is necessary, if
             // n is not in the context of a gate and is an application.
@@ -586,31 +671,10 @@ namespace smt {
         SASSERT(is_lambda(q));
         if (e_internalized(q)) 
             return;
-        app_ref lam_name(m.mk_fresh_const("lambda", q->get_sort()), m);
-        app_ref eq(m), lam_app(m);
-        expr_ref_vector vars(m);
-        vars.push_back(lam_name);
-        unsigned sz = q->get_num_decls();
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) 
-            vars.push_back(m.mk_var(sz - i - 1, q->get_decl_sort(i)));
-        array_util autil(m);
-        lam_app = autil.mk_select(vars.size(), vars.data());
-        eq = m.mk_eq(lam_app, q->get_expr());
-        quantifier_ref fa(m);
-        expr * patterns[1] = { m.mk_pattern(lam_app) };
-        fa = m.mk_forall(sz, q->get_decl_sorts(), q->get_decl_names(), eq, 0, m.lambda_def_qid(), symbol::null, 1, patterns);
-        internalize_quantifier(fa, true);
-        if (!e_internalized(lam_name)) 
-            internalize_uninterpreted(lam_name);
-        enode* lam_node = get_enode(lam_name);
-        push_trail(insert_obj_map<enode, quantifier*>(m_lambdas, lam_node));
-        m_lambdas.insert(lam_node, q);
-        m_app2enode.setx(q->get_id(), lam_node, nullptr);
-        m_l_internalized_stack.push_back(q);
-        m_trail_stack.push_back(&m_mk_lambda_trail);
-        bool_var bv = get_bool_var(fa);
-        assign(literal(bv, false), nullptr);
-        mark_as_relevant(bv);
+        auto e = mk_enode(q, true, /* do suppress args */
+                    false,    /* it is a term, so it should not be merged with true/false */
+                    true);
+        apply_sort_cnstr(q, e);
     }
 
     bool context::has_lambda() {
@@ -810,6 +874,8 @@ namespace smt {
     */
     void context::internalize_term(app * n) {
         if (e_internalized(n)) {
+            enode * e = get_enode(n);
+            update_generation(e);
             theory * th = m_theories.get_plugin(n->get_family_id());
             if (th != nullptr) {
                 // This code is necessary because some theories may decide
@@ -822,7 +888,6 @@ namespace smt {
                 //   Later, the core tries to internalize (f (* 2 x)).
                 //   Now, (* 2 x) is not internal to arithmetic anymore,
                 //   and a theory variable must be created for it.
-                enode * e = get_enode(n);
                 if (!th->is_attached_to_var(e))
                     th->internalize_term(n);
             }
@@ -935,6 +1000,8 @@ namespace smt {
         m_lit_scores[0].reserve(v + 1);
         m_lit_scores[1].reserve(v + 1);
         m_lit_scores[0][v] = m_lit_scores[1][v] = 0.0;
+        m_birthdate.reserve(v+1);
+        m_birthdate[v] = 0;
 
         literal l(v, false);
         literal not_l(v, true);
@@ -958,7 +1025,7 @@ namespace smt {
             m_activity[v]      = 0.0;
         m_case_split_queue->mk_var_eh(v);
         m_b_internalized_stack.push_back(n);
-        m_trail_stack.push_back(&m_mk_bool_var_trail);
+        m_trail_stack.push_ptr(&m_mk_bool_var_trail);
         m_stats.m_num_mk_bool_var++;
         SASSERT(check_bool_var_vector_sizes());
         return v;
@@ -997,7 +1064,7 @@ namespace smt {
        \remark If suppress_args is true, then the enode is viewed as a constant
        in the egraph.
     */
-    enode * context::mk_enode(app * n, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, bool cgc_enabled) {
+    enode * context::mk_enode(expr * n, bool suppress_args, bool merge_tf, bool cgc_enabled) {
         TRACE(mk_enode_detail, tout << mk_pp(n, m) << "\nsuppress_args: " << suppress_args << ", merge_tf: " << 
               merge_tf << ", cgc_enabled: " << cgc_enabled << "\n";);
         SASSERT(!e_internalized(n));
@@ -1009,7 +1076,8 @@ namespace smt {
             CTRACE(cached_generation, generation != m_generation,
                    tout << "cached_generation: #" << n->get_id() << " " << generation << " " << m_generation << "\n";);
         }
-        enode * e           = enode::mk(m, m_region, m_app2enode, n, generation, suppress_args, merge_tf, m_scope_lvl, cgc_enabled, true);
+        enode *e = enode::mk(m, get_region(), m_app2enode, n, generation, suppress_args, merge_tf, m_scope_lvl,
+                             cgc_enabled, true);
         TRACE(mk_enode_detail, tout << "e.get_num_args() = " << e->get_num_args() << "\n";);
         if (m.is_unique_value(n))
             e->mark_as_interpreted();
@@ -1017,7 +1085,7 @@ namespace smt {
         TRACE(generation, tout << "mk_enode: " << id << " " << generation << "\n";);
         m_app2enode.setx(id, e, nullptr);
         m_e_internalized_stack.push_back(n);
-        m_trail_stack.push_back(&m_mk_enode_trail);
+        m_trail_stack.push_ptr(&m_mk_enode_trail);
         m_enodes.push_back(e);
         if (e->get_num_args() > 0) {
             if (e->is_true_eq()) {
@@ -1031,6 +1099,9 @@ namespace smt {
                     auto [e_prime, used_commutativity] = m_cg_table.insert(e);
                     if (e != e_prime) {
                         e->m_cg = e_prime;
+                        // We don't support patterns with equality so there is no need to track generations for them.
+                        if (!e->is_eq())
+                            merge_cgc_generations(e, generation, e_prime);
                         push_new_congruence(e, e_prime, used_commutativity);
                     }
                     else {
@@ -1042,12 +1113,13 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
             }
             if (!e->is_eq()) {
-                unsigned decl_id = n->get_decl()->get_small_id();
+                unsigned decl_id = e->get_decl_id();
                 if (decl_id >= m_decl2enodes.size())
                     m_decl2enodes.resize(decl_id+1);
                 m_decl2enodes[decl_id].push_back(e);
             }
         }
+
         SASSERT(e_internalized(n));
         m_stats.m_num_mk_enode++;
         TRACE(mk_enode, tout << "created enode: #" << e->get_owner_id() << " for:\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";
@@ -1058,19 +1130,11 @@ namespace smt {
         SCTRACE(causality, m_coming_from_quant, tout << "EN: #" << e->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
 
         if (m.has_trace_stream())
-            m.trace_stream() << "[attach-enode] #" << n->get_id() << " " << m_generation << "\n";        
+            m.trace_stream() << "[attach-enode] #" << n->get_id() << " " << generation << "\n";        
 
         return e;
     }
 
-    void context::undo_mk_lambda() {
-        SASSERT(!m_l_internalized_stack.empty());
-        m_stats.m_num_del_enode++;
-        quantifier * n         = m_l_internalized_stack.back();
-        m_app2enode[n->get_id()] = nullptr;
-        m_l_internalized_stack.pop_back();
-    }
-
     void context::undo_mk_enode() {
         SASSERT(!m_e_internalized_stack.empty());
         m_stats.m_num_del_enode++;
@@ -1078,15 +1142,15 @@ namespace smt {
         TRACE(undo_mk_enode, tout << "undo_enode: #" << n->get_id() << "\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         TRACE(mk_var_bug, tout << "undo_mk_enode: " << n->get_id() << "\n";);
         unsigned n_id         = n->get_id();
-        SASSERT(is_app(n));
         enode * e             = m_app2enode[n_id];
         m_app2enode[n_id]     = nullptr;
-        if (e->is_cgr() && !e->is_true_eq() && e->is_cgc_enabled()) {
+        if (e->is_cgr() && e->uses_cg_table()) {
             SASSERT(m_cg_table.contains_ptr(e));
             m_cg_table.erase(e);
         }
+        SASSERT(!(e->get_num_args() > 0 && m_cg_table.contains_ptr(e)));
         if (e->get_num_args() > 0 && !e->is_eq()) {
-            unsigned decl_id = to_app(n)->get_decl()->get_small_id();
+            unsigned decl_id = e->get_decl_id();
             SASSERT(decl_id < m_decl2enodes.size());
             SASSERT(m_decl2enodes[decl_id].back() == e);
             m_decl2enodes[decl_id].pop_back();
@@ -1095,13 +1159,14 @@ namespace smt {
         SASSERT(m_e_internalized_stack.size() == m_enodes.size());
         m_enodes.pop_back();
         m_e_internalized_stack.pop_back();
+        m_sticky_generation_updates.erase(e);
     }
 
     /**
        \brief Apply sort constraints on e.
     */
-    void context::apply_sort_cnstr(app * term, enode * e) {
-        sort * s    = term->get_decl()->get_range();
+    void context::apply_sort_cnstr(expr * term, enode * e) {
+        sort * s    = term->get_sort();
         theory * th = m_theories.get_plugin(s->get_family_id());
         if (th) {
             th->apply_sort_cnstr(e, s);
@@ -1859,11 +1924,11 @@ namespace smt {
         if (old_v == null_theory_var) {
             enode * r     = n->get_root();
             theory_var v2 = r->get_th_var(th_id);
-            n->add_th_var(v, th_id, m_region);
+            n->add_th_var(v, th_id, get_region());
             push_trail(add_th_var_trail(n, th_id));
             if (v2 == null_theory_var) {
                 if (r != n)
-                    r->add_th_var(v, th_id, m_region);
+                    r->add_th_var(v, th_id, get_region());
                 push_new_th_diseqs(r, v, th);
             }
             else if (r != n) {
@@ -1882,5 +1947,4 @@ namespace smt {
         }
         SASSERT(th->is_attached_to_var(n));
     }
-};
-
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_justification.cpp b/src/smt/smt_justification.cpp
index d7b9bdff07..03843f0a83 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_justification.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_justification.cpp
@@ -351,8 +351,9 @@ namespace smt {
 
     proof * ext_theory_propagation_justification::mk_proof(conflict_resolution & cr) {
         ptr_buffer<proof> prs;
-        if (!antecedent2proof(cr, prs))
+        if (!antecedent2proof(cr, prs)) {
             return nullptr;
+        }
         context & ctx = cr.get_context();
         ast_manager & m = cr.get_manager();
         expr_ref fact(m);
@@ -439,5 +440,5 @@ namespace smt {
             return m.mk_th_lemma(m_th_id, m.mk_or(lits), 0, nullptr, m_params.size(), m_params.data());
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_justification.h b/src/smt/smt_justification.h
index 161ffe839f..14c1ce7483 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_justification.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_justification.h
@@ -423,6 +423,6 @@ namespace smt {
         char const * get_name() const override { return "theory-lemma"; }
     };
       
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_kernel.cpp b/src/smt/smt_kernel.cpp
index a5ce0dcb77..3453633f87 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_kernel.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_kernel.cpp
@@ -280,10 +280,22 @@ namespace smt {
         smt_params_helper::collect_param_descrs(d);
     }
 
+    void kernel::pop_to_base_level() {
+        m_imp->m_kernel.pop_to_base_lvl();
+    }
+
+    void kernel::set_preprocess(bool f) {
+        m_imp->m_kernel.get_fparams().m_preprocess = f;
+    }
+
     context & kernel::get_context() {
         return m_imp->m_kernel;
     }
 
+    context const& kernel::get_context() const {
+        return m_imp->m_kernel;
+    }
+
     void kernel::get_levels(ptr_vector<expr> const& vars, unsigned_vector& depth) {
         m_imp->m_kernel.get_levels(vars, depth);
     }
@@ -340,4 +352,4 @@ namespace smt {
         m_imp->m_kernel.user_propagate_initialize_value(var, value);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_kernel.h b/src/smt/smt_kernel.h
index 98b6772132..a5ddce96c3 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_kernel.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_kernel.h
@@ -300,6 +300,10 @@ namespace smt {
         */
         static void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & d);
 
+        void pop_to_base_level();
+
+        void set_preprocess(bool f);
+
         void register_on_clause(void* ctx, user_propagator::on_clause_eh_t& on_clause);
 
         /**
@@ -340,6 +344,6 @@ namespace smt {
            \warning This method should not be used in new code.
         */
         context & get_context();
+        context const& get_context() const;
     };
-};
-
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_literal.cpp b/src/smt/smt_literal.cpp
index 94ac5e5677..8ec28693dc 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_literal.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_literal.cpp
@@ -116,5 +116,5 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_literal.h b/src/smt/smt_literal.h
index 17ed9c6c47..cf773353d1 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_literal.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_literal.h
@@ -54,6 +54,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
 
     bool backward_subsumption(unsigned num_lits1, literal const * lits1, unsigned num_lits2, literal const * lits2);
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_model_checker.cpp b/src/smt/smt_model_checker.cpp
index 93988497da..56b8dfe759 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_model_checker.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_model_checker.cpp
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ namespace smt {
             for (auto const& kv : *m_root2value) {
                 enode * n   = kv.m_key;
                 expr  * val = kv.m_value;
-                n = n->get_eq_enode_with_min_gen();
+                n = n->get_eq_enode_with_min_gen(m_context);
                 expr* e = n->get_expr();
                 if (!m.is_value(e))
                     m_value2expr.insert(val, e);
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned num_decls = q->get_num_decls();
         // Remark: sks were created for the flat version of q.
         SASSERT(sks.size() >= num_decls);
-        expr_ref_vector bindings(m), defs(m);
+        expr_ref_vector bindings(m);
         expr_ref def(m);
         bindings.resize(num_decls);
         unsigned max_generation = 0;
@@ -219,10 +219,11 @@ namespace smt {
 
             if (use_inv) {
                 unsigned sk_term_gen = 0;
-                expr * sk_term = m_model_finder.get_inv(q, i, sk_value, sk_term_gen);
+                expr * sk_term = m_model_finder.get_inv(q, i, sk_value, *cex, sk_term_gen);
                 if (sk_term != nullptr) {
                     TRACE(model_checker, tout << "Found inverse " << mk_pp(sk_term, m) << "\n";);
-                    SASSERT(!m.is_model_value(sk_term));
+                    // get_inv may return a model value in polymorphic settings;
+                    // this is handled downstream by get_type_compatible_term.
                     max_generation = std::max(sk_term_gen, max_generation);
                     sk_value = sk_term;
                 }
@@ -233,15 +234,10 @@ namespace smt {
             }
             else {
                 expr * sk_term = get_term_from_ctx(sk_value);
-                func_decl * f = nullptr;
                 if (sk_term != nullptr) {
                     TRACE(model_checker, tout << "sk term " << mk_pp(sk_term, m) << "\n");
                     sk_value = sk_term;
                 }
-                // last ditch: am I an array?
-                else if (false && autil.is_as_array(sk_value, f) && cex->get_func_interp(f) && cex->get_func_interp(f)->get_array_interp(f)) {
-                    sk_value = cex->get_func_interp(f)->get_array_interp(f);
-                }
 
             }
             if (contains_model_value(sk_value)) {
@@ -249,6 +245,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 sk_value = get_type_compatible_term(sk_value);
             }
             func_decl * f = nullptr;
+            expr_ref sk_term(sk_value, m);
             if (autil.is_as_array(sk_value, f) && cex->get_func_interp(f) && cex->get_func_interp(f)->get_interp()) {
                 expr_ref body(cex->get_func_interp(f)->get_interp(), m);
                 if (contains_model_value(body))
@@ -257,30 +254,25 @@ namespace smt {
                 svector<symbol> names;
                 for (unsigned i = 0; i < f->get_arity(); ++i) 
                     names.push_back(symbol(i));
-                defined_names dn(m);
                 body = replace_value_from_ctx(body);
                 body = m.mk_lambda(sorts.size(), sorts.data(), names.data(), body);
-                // sk_value = m.mk_fresh_const(0, m.get_sort(sk_value));  // get rid of as-array
-                body = dn.mk_definition(body, to_app(sk_value));
-                defs.push_back(body);
+                sk_term = body;
             }
-            bindings.set(num_decls - i - 1, sk_value);
+            bindings.set(num_decls - i - 1, sk_term);
         }
 
-        TRACE(model_checker, tout << q->get_qid() << " found (use_inv: " << use_inv << ") new instance: " << bindings << "\ndefs:\n" << defs << "\n";);
-        if (!defs.empty()) def = mk_and(defs);
+        TRACE(model_checker, tout << q->get_qid() << " found (use_inv: " << use_inv << ") new instance: " << bindings << "\n");
         max_generation = std::max(m_qm->get_generation(q), max_generation);
-        add_instance(q, bindings, max_generation, def.get());
+        add_instance(q, bindings, max_generation);
         return true;
     }
 
-    void model_checker::add_instance(quantifier* q, expr_ref_vector const& bindings, unsigned max_generation, expr* def) {
+    void model_checker::add_instance(quantifier* q, expr_ref_vector const& bindings, unsigned max_generation) {
         SASSERT(q->get_num_decls() == bindings.size());
         unsigned offset = m_pinned_exprs.size();
         m_pinned_exprs.append(bindings);
         m_pinned_exprs.push_back(q);
-        m_pinned_exprs.push_back(def);
-        m_new_instances.push_back(instance(q, offset, def, max_generation));
+        m_new_instances.push_back(instance(q, offset, max_generation));
     }
 
     void model_checker::operator()(expr *n) {
@@ -354,7 +346,8 @@ namespace smt {
             return false;
         TRACE(model_checker, tout << "skolems:\n" << sks << "\n";);
 
-        flet<bool> l(m_aux_context->get_fparams().m_array_fake_support, true);
+        flet<bool> l1(m_aux_context->get_fparams().m_array_fake_support, true);
+        flet<bool> l2(m_aux_context->get_fparams().m_preprocess, true);
         lbool r = m_aux_context->check();
         
         TRACE(model_checker, tout << "[complete] model-checker result: " << to_sat_str(r) << "\n";);
@@ -371,7 +364,8 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned num_new_instances = 0;
 
         while (true) {
-            flet<bool> l(m_aux_context->get_fparams().m_array_fake_support, true);
+            flet<bool> l1(m_aux_context->get_fparams().m_array_fake_support, true);
+            flet<bool> l2(m_aux_context->get_fparams().m_preprocess, true);
             lbool r = m_aux_context->check();
             TRACE(model_checker, tout << "[restricted] model-checker (" << (num_new_instances+1) << ") result: " << to_sat_str(r) << "\n";);
             if (r != l_true)
@@ -457,12 +451,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
         TRACE(model_checker, tout << "MODEL_CHECKER INVOKED\n";
         tout << "model:\n"; model_pp(tout, *m_curr_model););
-
-        for (quantifier* q : *m_qm)
-            if (m.is_lambda_def(q)) {
-                md->add_lambda_defs();
-                break;
-            }
 	
         md->compress();
 
@@ -518,8 +506,7 @@ namespace smt {
         for (quantifier * q : *m_qm) {
             if (!(m_qm->mbqi_enabled(q) &&
                   m_context->is_relevant(q) &&
-                  m_context->get_assignment(q) == l_true &&
-                  (!m_context->get_fparams().m_ematching || !m.is_lambda_def(q)))) {
+                  m_context->get_assignment(q) == l_true)) {
                 if (!m_qm->mbqi_enabled(q))
                     ++num_failures;
                 continue;
@@ -588,30 +575,14 @@ namespace smt {
                     bindings.push_back(m_context->get_enode(b));
                 }
 
-                if (inst.m_def) {
-                    unsigned n = 1;
-                    expr* const* args = &inst.m_def;
-                    if (m.is_and(inst.m_def)) {
-                        n = to_app(inst.m_def)->get_num_args();
-                        args = to_app(inst.m_def)->get_args();
-                    }
-                    for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                        proof* pr = nullptr;
-                        expr* arg = args[i];
-                        if (m.proofs_enabled()) 
-                            pr = m.mk_def_intro(arg);
-                        m_context->internalize_assertion(arg, pr, gen);
-                    }
-                }
-
                 TRACE(model_checker_bug_detail, tout << "instantiating... q:\n" << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n";
                       tout << "inconsistent: " << m_context->inconsistent() << "\n";
                       tout << "bindings:\n" << expr_ref_vector(m, num_decls, m_pinned_exprs.data() + offset) << "\n";
-                      tout << "def " << mk_pp(inst.m_def, m) << "\n";);
-                m_context->add_instance(q, nullptr, num_decls, bindings.data(), inst.m_def, gen, gen, gen, dummy);
+                          );
+                m_context->add_instance(q, nullptr, num_decls, bindings.data(), gen, gen, gen, dummy);
                 TRACE(model_checker_bug_detail, tout << "after instantiating, inconsistent: " << m_context->inconsistent() << "\n";);
             }
         }
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_model_checker.h b/src/smt/smt_model_checker.h
index fec9e2df59..c0945689c7 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_model_checker.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_model_checker.h
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ Revision History:
 #include "util/obj_hashtable.h"
 #include "ast/ast.h"
 #include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
-#include "ast/normal_forms/defined_names.h"
 #include "params/qi_params.h"
 #include "params/smt_params.h"
 
@@ -70,9 +69,8 @@ namespace smt {
         struct instance {
             quantifier * m_q;
             unsigned     m_generation;
-            expr *       m_def;
             unsigned     m_bindings_offset;
-            instance(quantifier * q, unsigned offset, expr* def, unsigned gen):m_q(q), m_generation(gen), m_def(def), m_bindings_offset(offset) {}
+            instance(quantifier * q, unsigned offset, unsigned gen):m_q(q), m_generation(gen), m_bindings_offset(offset) {}
         };
 
         svector<instance>                          m_new_instances;
@@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ namespace smt {
         struct is_model_value {};
         expr_mark m_visited;
         bool contains_model_value(expr * e);
-        void add_instance(quantifier * q, expr_ref_vector const & bindings, unsigned max_generation, expr * def);
+        void add_instance(quantifier * q, expr_ref_vector const & bindings, unsigned max_generation);
         bool is_safe_for_mbqi(quantifier * q) const;
 
     public:
@@ -106,5 +104,5 @@ namespace smt {
         void operator()(expr* e);
 
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_model_finder.cpp b/src/smt/smt_model_finder.cpp
index b10178f20e..c43028b40d 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_model_finder.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_model_finder.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Revision History:
 --*/
 #include "util/backtrackable_set.h"
 #include "ast/ast_util.h"
+#include "ast/has_free_vars.h"
 #include "ast/macros/macro_util.h"
 #include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/bv_decl_plugin.h"
@@ -31,14 +32,17 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
 #include "ast/well_sorted.h"
 #include "ast/ast_smt2_pp.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.h"
 #include "model/model_pp.h"
 #include "model/model_macro_solver.h"
 #include "smt/smt_model_finder.h"
 #include "smt/smt_context.h"
 #include "tactic/tactic_exception.h"
+#include "util/statistics.h"
 
 namespace smt {
 
+
     namespace mf {
 
         // -----------------------------------
@@ -107,9 +111,15 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
             }
 
-            expr* get_inv(expr* v) const {
+            expr* get_inv(expr* v, model& mdl) const {
                 expr* t = nullptr;
                 m_inv.find(v, t);
+                if (!t) {
+                    for (auto [k, term] : m_inv) {
+                        if (mdl.are_equal(k, v))
+                            return term;
+                    }
+                }
                 return t;
             }
 
@@ -120,14 +130,11 @@ namespace smt {
             }
 
             void mk_inverse(evaluator& ev) {
-                for (auto const& kv : m_elems) {
-                    expr* t = kv.m_key;
+                for (auto const &[t, gen] : m_elems) {
                     SASSERT(!contains_model_value(t));
-                    unsigned gen = kv.m_value;
                     expr* t_val = ev.eval(t, true);
                     if (!t_val) break;
                     TRACE(model_finder, tout << mk_pp(t, m) << " " << mk_pp(t_val, m) << "\n";);
-
                     expr* old_t = nullptr;
                     if (m_inv.find(t_val, old_t)) {
                         unsigned old_t_gen = 0;
@@ -187,14 +194,14 @@ namespace smt {
            \brief Base class used to solve model construction constraints.
         */
         class node {
-            unsigned            m_id;
-            node* m_find{ nullptr };
-            unsigned            m_eqc_size{ 1 };
+            unsigned            m_id = 0;
+            node*               m_find = nullptr;
+            unsigned            m_eqc_size = 1;
 
-            sort* m_sort; // sort of the elements in the instantiation set.
+            sort* m_sort = nullptr; // sort of the elements in the instantiation set.
 
-            bool                m_mono_proj{ false };     // relevant for integers & reals & bit-vectors
-            bool                m_signed_proj{ false };   // relevant for bit-vectors.
+            bool                m_mono_proj = false;     // relevant for integers & reals & bit-vectors
+            bool                m_signed_proj = false;   // relevant for bit-vectors.
             ptr_vector<node>    m_avoid_set;
             ptr_vector<expr>    m_exceptions;
 
@@ -291,8 +298,8 @@ namespace smt {
             }
 
             void insert(expr* n, unsigned generation) {
-                SASSERT(is_ground(n));
-                get_root()->m_set->insert(n, generation);
+                if (is_ground(n) || (has_quantifiers(n) && !has_free_vars(n))) // this is a closed term
+                    get_root()->m_set->insert(n, generation);
             }
 
             void display(std::ostream& out, ast_manager& m) const {
@@ -599,7 +606,10 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
                 else {
                     r = tmp;
-                    TRACE(model_finder, tout << "eval\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n----->\n" << mk_pp(r, m) << "\n";);
+                    TRACE(model_finder, tout << "eval-failed\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n----->\n" << mk_pp(r, m) << "\n";);
+                    if (is_lambda(tmp)) {
+                        r = m.mk_fresh_const("lambda", tmp->get_sort());
+                    }
                 }
                 m_eval_cache[model_completion].insert(n, r);
                 m_eval_cache_range.push_back(r);
@@ -1159,6 +1169,7 @@ namespace smt {
             virtual char const* get_kind() const = 0;
             virtual bool is_equal(qinfo const* qi) const = 0;
             virtual void display(std::ostream& out) const { out << "[" << get_kind() << "]"; }
+            virtual void collect_statistics(::statistics &st) const {}
 
             // AUF fragment solver
             virtual void process_auf(quantifier* q, auf_solver& s, context* ctx) = 0;
@@ -1227,7 +1238,7 @@ namespace smt {
                         // a necessary instantiation.
                         enode* e_arg = n->get_arg(m_arg_i);
                         expr* arg = e_arg->get_expr();
-                        A_f_i->insert(arg, e_arg->get_generation());
+                        A_f_i->insert(arg, ctx->get_generation(e_arg));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1235,8 +1246,8 @@ namespace smt {
             void populate_inst_sets(quantifier* q, func_decl* mhead, ptr_vector<instantiation_set>& uvar_inst_sets, context* ctx) override {
                 if (m_f != mhead)
                     return;
-                uvar_inst_sets.reserve(m_var_j + 1, 0);
-                if (uvar_inst_sets[m_var_j] == 0)
+                uvar_inst_sets.reserve(m_var_j + 1, nullptr);
+                if (uvar_inst_sets[m_var_j] == nullptr)
                     uvar_inst_sets[m_var_j] = alloc(instantiation_set, ctx->get_manager());
                 instantiation_set* s = uvar_inst_sets[m_var_j];
                 SASSERT(s != nullptr);
@@ -1245,7 +1256,7 @@ namespace smt {
                     if (ctx->is_relevant(n)) {
                         enode* e_arg = n->get_arg(m_arg_i);
                         expr* arg = e_arg->get_expr();
-                        s->insert(arg, e_arg->get_generation());
+                        s->insert(arg, ctx->get_generation(e_arg));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1301,7 +1312,7 @@ namespace smt {
                                 bv_rw.mk_sub(arg, m_offset, arg_minus_k);
                             else
                                 arith_rw.mk_sub(arg, m_offset, arg_minus_k);
-                            S_j->insert(arg_minus_k, e_arg->get_generation());
+                            S_j->insert(arg_minus_k, ctx->get_generation(e_arg));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1369,6 +1380,94 @@ namespace smt {
 
         };
 
+        class ho_var : public qinfo {
+            unsigned m_var_i;
+            unsigned m_ho_var_term_enum = 0;
+        public:
+            ho_var(ast_manager& m, unsigned i) : qinfo(m), m_var_i(i) {
+            }
+
+            void collect_statistics(::statistics &st) const override {
+                st.update("mbqi.ho-var-term-enum", m_ho_var_term_enum);
+            }
+
+            char const *get_kind() const override {
+                return "ho_var";
+            }
+
+            bool is_equal(qinfo const *qi) const override {
+                if (qi->get_kind() != get_kind())
+                    return false;
+                ho_var const *other = static_cast<ho_var const *>(qi);
+                return m_var_i == other->m_var_i;
+            }
+
+            void display(std::ostream &out) const override {
+                out << "(" << "ho-var: " << m_var_i << ")";
+            }
+
+            void process_auf(quantifier *q, auf_solver &s, context *ctx) override {
+                /* node * S_i = */ s.get_uvar(q, m_var_i);
+            }
+
+            void populate_inst_sets(quantifier *q, auf_solver &s, context *ctx) override {
+                bool use_term_enum = ctx->get_fparams().m_term_enumeration;
+                if (!use_term_enum)
+                    return;
+                node *S = s.get_uvar(q, m_var_i);
+                sort *srt = S->get_sort();
+
+                IF_VERBOSE(3, verbose_stream() << "ho_var::populate_inst_sets: " << q->get_id() << " " << mk_pp(srt, m) << "\n";);
+
+                term_enumeration tn(m);
+                // Add ground terms of type S.
+                // Add productions for functions in E-graph
+                // add other possible relevant functions such as equality over srt, Boolean operators
+
+                ast_mark visited;
+                tn.add_production(m.mk_true());
+                tn.add_production(m.mk_false());
+                
+                for (enode *n : ctx->enodes()) {
+                    if (!ctx->is_relevant(n))
+                        continue;
+                    auto e = n->get_expr();
+                    if (srt == n->get_sort()) {
+                        TRACE(model_finder, tout << "inserting " << mk_pp(e, m) << " into inst set\n");
+                        S->insert(e, ctx->get_generation(n));
+                    }
+                    else if (!use_term_enum)
+                        continue;
+                    else if (is_app(e) && to_app(e)->get_decl()->is_skolem())
+                        ;
+                    else if (is_uninterp_const(e)) {
+                        TRACE(model_finder, tout << "add production " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
+                        tn.add_production(e);
+                    }
+                    else if (is_uninterp(e)) {
+                        auto f = to_app(e)->get_decl();
+                        if (visited.is_marked(f))
+                            continue;
+                        visited.mark(f, true);
+                        TRACE(model_finder, tout << "add function " << mk_pp(f, m) << "\n");
+                        tn.add_production(f);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                unsigned max_count = 20;
+                for (auto t : tn.enum_terms(srt)) {
+                    if (max_count == 0)
+                        break;
+                    --max_count;
+                    unsigned generation = 0; // todo - inherited from sub-term of t?
+                    TRACE(model_finder, tout << "ho_var: adding term " << mk_ismt2_pp(t, m)
+                                                   << " to instantiation set of S" << std::endl;);
+                    ++m_ho_var_term_enum;
+                    S->insert(t, generation);                
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
 
         /**
            \brief auf_arr is a term (pattern) of the form:
@@ -1378,7 +1477,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
            Store in arrays, all enodes that match the pattern
         */
-        void get_auf_arrays(app* auf_arr, context* ctx, ptr_buffer<enode>& arrays) {
+        void get_auf_arrays(expr* auf_arr, context* ctx, ptr_buffer<enode>& arrays) {
             if (is_ground(auf_arr)) {
                 if (ctx->e_internalized(auf_arr)) {
                     enode* e = ctx->get_enode(auf_arr);
@@ -1387,8 +1486,8 @@ namespace smt {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            else {
-                app* nested_array = to_app(auf_arr->get_arg(0));
+            else if (is_app(auf_arr)) {
+                app* nested_array = to_app(to_app(auf_arr)->get_arg(0));
                 ptr_buffer<enode> nested_arrays;
                 get_auf_arrays(nested_array, ctx, nested_arrays);
                 for (enode* curr : nested_arrays) {
@@ -1396,7 +1495,7 @@ namespace smt {
                     enode_vector::iterator end2 = curr->end_parents();
                     for (; it2 != end2; ++it2) {
                         enode* p = *it2;
-                        if (ctx->is_relevant(p) && p->get_expr()->get_decl() == auf_arr->get_decl()) {
+                        if (ctx->is_relevant(p) && p->get_decl() == to_app(auf_arr)->get_decl()) {
                             arrays.push_back(p);
                         }
                     }
@@ -1411,9 +1510,9 @@ namespace smt {
             unsigned      m_arg_i;
             unsigned      m_var_j;
 
-            app* get_array() const { return to_app(m_select->get_arg(0)); }
+            expr* get_array() const { return m_select->get_arg(0); }
 
-            func_decl* get_array_func_decl(app* ground_array, auf_solver& s) {
+            func_decl* get_array_func_decl(expr* ground_array, auf_solver& s) {
                 TRACE(model_evaluator, tout << expr_ref(ground_array, m) << "\n";);
                 expr* ground_array_interp = s.eval(ground_array, false);
                 if (ground_array_interp && m_array.is_as_array(ground_array_interp))
@@ -1449,7 +1548,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 });
                 node* n1 = s.get_uvar(q, m_var_j);
                 for (enode* n : arrays) {
-                    app* ground_array = n->get_expr();
+                    auto ground_array = n->get_expr();
                     func_decl* f = get_array_func_decl(ground_array, s);
                     if (f) {
                         SASSERT(m_arg_i >= 1);
@@ -1463,7 +1562,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 ptr_buffer<enode> arrays;
                 get_auf_arrays(get_array(), ctx, arrays);
                 for (enode* curr : arrays) {
-                    app* ground_array = curr->get_expr();
+                    auto ground_array = curr->get_expr();
                     func_decl* f = get_array_func_decl(ground_array, s);
                     if (f) {
                         node* A_f_i = s.get_A_f_i(f, m_arg_i - 1);
@@ -1471,10 +1570,10 @@ namespace smt {
                         enode_vector::iterator end2 = curr->end_parents();
                         for (; it2 != end2; ++it2) {
                             enode* p = *it2;
-                            if (ctx->is_relevant(p) && p->get_expr()->get_decl() == m_select->get_decl()) {
-                                SASSERT(m_arg_i < p->get_expr()->get_num_args());
+                            if (ctx->is_relevant(p) && p->get_decl() == m_select->get_decl()) {
+                                SASSERT(m_arg_i < p->get_num_args());
                                 enode* e_arg = p->get_arg(m_arg_i);
-                                A_f_i->insert(e_arg->get_expr(), e_arg->get_generation());
+                                A_f_i->insert(e_arg->get_expr(), ctx->get_generation(e_arg));
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -1603,7 +1702,7 @@ namespace smt {
                     node* S_q_i = slv.get_uvar(q, m_var_i);
                     for (enode* n : ctx->enodes()) {
                         if (ctx->is_relevant(n) && n->get_expr()->get_sort() == s) {
-                            S_q_i->insert(n->get_expr(), n->get_generation());
+                            S_q_i->insert(n->get_expr(), ctx->get_generation(n));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1689,8 +1788,13 @@ namespace smt {
         public:
             typedef ptr_vector<cond_macro>::const_iterator macro_iterator;
 
+            void collect_statistics(::statistics &st) const {
+                for (auto *qi : m_qinfo_vect)
+                    qi->collect_statistics(st);
+            }
+
             static quantifier_ref mk_flat(ast_manager& m, quantifier* q) {
-                if (has_quantifiers(q->get_expr()) && !m.is_lambda_def(q)) {
+                if (has_quantifiers(q->get_expr())) {
                     proof_ref pr(m);
                     expr_ref  new_q(m);
                     pull_quant pull(m);
@@ -2105,7 +2209,10 @@ namespace smt {
                         process_app(to_app(curr));
                     }
                     else if (is_var(curr)) {
-                        m_info->m_is_auf = false; // unexpected occurrence of variable.
+                        if (m_array_util.is_array(curr)) {
+                            insert_qinfo(alloc(ho_var, m, to_var(curr)->get_idx()));
+                        }
+                        m_info->m_is_auf = false;                       
                     }
                     else {
                         SASSERT(is_lambda(curr));
@@ -2163,7 +2270,6 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
 
                 SASSERT(is_quantifier(atom));
-                UNREACHABLE();
             }
 
             void process_literal(expr* atom, polarity pol) {
@@ -2203,9 +2309,15 @@ namespace smt {
                     if (is_app(curr)) {
                         if (to_app(curr)->get_family_id() == m.get_basic_family_id() && m.is_bool(curr)) {
                             switch (static_cast<basic_op_kind>(to_app(curr)->get_decl_kind())) {
-                            case OP_IMPLIES:
+                            case OP_IMPLIES: 
+                                process_literal(to_app(curr)->get_arg(0), neg(pol));
+                                process_literal(to_app(curr)->get_arg(1), pol);
+                                break;
                             case OP_XOR:
-                                UNREACHABLE(); // simplifier eliminated ANDs, IMPLIEs, and XORs
+                                for (expr *arg : *to_app(curr)) {
+                                    visit_formula(arg, pol);
+                                    visit_formula(arg, neg(pol));
+                                }
                                 break;
                             case OP_OR:
                             case OP_AND:
@@ -2279,7 +2391,6 @@ namespace smt {
             void operator()(quantifier_info* d) {
                 m_info = d;
                 quantifier* q = d->get_flat_q();
-                if (m.is_lambda_def(q)) return;
                 expr* e = q->get_expr();
                 reset_cache();
                 if (!m.inc()) return;
@@ -2324,6 +2435,13 @@ namespace smt {
         reset();
     }
 
+    void model_finder::collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const {
+        // Retrieve the ho-var term-enumeration counters from the embedded
+        // qinfo objects (mf::ho_var) held by each registered quantifier_info.
+        for (auto const &[k, v] : m_q2info)
+            v->collect_statistics(st);
+    }
+
     void model_finder::checkpoint() {
         checkpoint("model_finder");
     }
@@ -2516,11 +2634,12 @@ namespace smt {
 
        Store in generation the generation of the result
     */
-    expr* model_finder::get_inv(quantifier* q, unsigned i, expr* val, unsigned& generation) {
+    expr* model_finder::get_inv(quantifier* q, unsigned i, expr* val, model& mdl,unsigned& generation) {
         instantiation_set const* s = get_uvar_inst_set(q, i);
         if (s == nullptr)
             return nullptr;
-        expr* t = s->get_inv(val);
+        
+        expr* t = s->get_inv(val, mdl);
         if (m_auf_solver->is_default_representative(t))
             return val;
         if (t != nullptr) {
@@ -2556,16 +2675,27 @@ namespace smt {
             obj_map<expr, expr*> const& inv = s->get_inv_map();
             if (inv.empty())
                 continue; // nothing to do
-            ptr_buffer<expr> eqs;
-            for (auto const& [val, _] : inv) {
-                if (val->get_sort() == sk->get_sort())
-                    eqs.push_back(m.mk_eq(sk, val));
+            expr_ref_vector eqs(m), defs(m);
+            
+            for (auto const& [val, term] : inv) {
+                if (val->get_sort() == sk->get_sort()) {
+                    if (is_lambda(term)) {
+                        eqs.push_back(m.mk_eq(sk, val));
+                        defs.push_back(m.mk_eq(val, term));
+                    }
+                    else 
+                       eqs.push_back(m.mk_eq(sk, val));
+                }
             }
             if (!eqs.empty()) {
                 expr_ref new_cnstr(m);
                 new_cnstr = m.mk_or(eqs);
                 TRACE(model_finder, tout << "assert_restriction:\n" << mk_pp(new_cnstr, m) << "\n";);
                 aux_ctx->assert_expr(new_cnstr);
+                for (auto def : defs) {
+                    TRACE(model_finder, tout << "assert_def:\n" << mk_pp(def, m) << "\n";);
+                    aux_ctx->assert_expr(def);
+                }
                 asserted_something = true;
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_model_finder.h b/src/smt/smt_model_finder.h
index 1c468fc648..86fdd4878f 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_model_finder.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_model_finder.h
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "tactic/tactic_exception.h"
 
 class model_instantiation_set;
+class statistics;
 
 namespace smt {
     class context;
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ namespace smt {
         class hint_solver;
         class non_auf_macro_solver;  
         class instantiation_set;
-    };
+    }
         
     class model_finder : public quantifier2macro_infos {
         typedef mf::quantifier_analyzer        quantifier_analyzer;
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void fix_model(proto_model * m);
 
         quantifier * get_flat_quantifier(quantifier * q);
-        expr * get_inv(quantifier * q, unsigned i, expr * val, unsigned & generation);
+        expr * get_inv(quantifier * q, unsigned i, expr * val, model& m, unsigned & generation);
         bool restrict_sks_to_inst_set(context * aux_ctx, quantifier * q, expr_ref_vector const & sks);
 
         void restart_eh();
@@ -122,6 +123,8 @@ namespace smt {
 
         quantifier_macro_info* operator()(quantifier* q) override;
 
-    };
-};
+        void collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const;
+
+    };
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_model_generator.cpp b/src/smt/smt_model_generator.cpp
index e49701a335..7ecbaca6c7 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_model_generator.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_model_generator.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace smt {
                         proc = alloc(expr_wrapper_proc, m.mk_false());
                 }
                 else if (m.is_model_value(r->get_expr()))
-                    proc = alloc(expr_wrapper_proc, r->get_expr());                    
+                    proc = alloc(expr_wrapper_proc, r->get_app());                    
                 else {
                     family_id fid = s->get_family_id();
                     theory * th   = m_context->get_theory(fid);
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ namespace smt {
         // send model
         for (enode * n : m_context->enodes()) {
             if (is_uninterp_const(n->get_expr()) && m_context->is_relevant(n)) {
-                func_decl * d = n->get_expr()->get_decl();
+                func_decl * d = n->get_decl();
                 TRACE(mg_top_sort, tout << d->get_name() << " " << (m_hidden_ufs.contains(d)?"hidden":"visible") << "\n";);
                 if (m_hidden_ufs.contains(d)) continue;
                 expr * val    = get_value(n);
@@ -428,6 +428,8 @@ namespace smt {
             if (!m_context->is_relevant(t))
                 continue;
             enode * n         = m_context->get_enode(t);
+            if (!n->is_app())
+                continue;
             unsigned num_args = n->get_num_args();
             func_decl * f     = n->get_decl();
             if (num_args == 0 && include_func_interp(f)) {
@@ -531,4 +533,4 @@ namespace smt {
         return m_model.get();
     }
     
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_model_generator.h b/src/smt/smt_model_generator.h
index fd99dc6d84..ffd1a1f963 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_model_generator.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_model_generator.h
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ namespace smt {
             }
         }
     };
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_parallel.cpp b/src/smt/smt_parallel.cpp
index 952372120d..d1df20a508 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_parallel.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_parallel.cpp
@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@ Author:
 #include "smt/smt_parallel.h"
 #include "smt/smt_lookahead.h"
 #include "solver/solver_preprocess.h"
-#include "params/smt_parallel_params.hpp"
+#include "solver/parallel_params.hpp"
 
 #include <cmath>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <condition_variable>
 
 class bounded_pp_exprs {
     expr_ref_vector const &es;
@@ -61,13 +62,18 @@ namespace smt {
 #include <thread>
 
 #define LOG_WORKER(lvl, s) IF_VERBOSE(lvl, verbose_stream() << "Worker " << id << s)
+#define LOG_BB_WORKER(lvl, s) IF_VERBOSE(lvl, verbose_stream() << "Backbones Worker " << id << s)
 
 namespace smt {
 
+    static bool is_cancellation_exception(char const *msg) {
+        return msg && (strstr(msg, "canceled") != nullptr || strstr(msg, "cancelled") != nullptr);
+    }
+
     void parallel::sls_worker::run() {
         ptr_vector<expr> assertions;
         p.ctx.get_assertions(assertions);
-        for (expr* e : assertions)
+        for (expr *e : assertions)
             m_sls->assert_expr(m_g2l(e));
 
         lbool res = l_undef;
@@ -75,8 +81,7 @@ namespace smt {
             if (!m.inc())
                 return;
             res = m_sls->check();
-        } 
-        catch (z3_exception& ex) {
+        } catch (z3_exception &ex) {
             // Cancellation is normal in portfolio mode
             if (m.limit().is_canceled()) {
                 IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "SLS worker canceled\n");
@@ -94,13 +99,515 @@ namespace smt {
             return;
         }
 
-        if (res == l_true) {         
+        if (res == l_true) {
             IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "SLS worker found SAT\n");
             model_ref mdl = m_sls->get_model();
             b.set_sat(m_l2g, *mdl);
         }
     }
 
+    void parallel::backbones_worker::run() {
+        if (m_use_failed_literal_test)
+            run_failed_literal_mode();
+        else 
+            run_batch_mode();
+    }
+
+    void parallel::backbones_worker::run_failed_literal_mode() {
+        ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts = 10;
+
+        auto is_unit = [&](unsigned v) {
+            return ctx->get_assignment(v) != l_undef && ctx->get_assign_level(v) == ctx->m_base_lvl;
+        };
+
+        auto probe_var = [&](unsigned v, expr* preferred, bool is_retry) -> lbool {
+            expr_ref e(ctx->bool_var2expr(v), m);
+            if (!e)
+                return l_undef;
+            if (m.is_or(e) || m.is_ite(e) || m.is_and(e) || m.is_iff(e))
+                return l_undef;
+
+            if (is_unit(v)) {
+                bool is_true = ctx->get_assignment(v) == l_true;
+                IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "backbone on trail " << mk_bounded_pp(e.get(), m) << "\n");
+                if (!is_true)
+                    e = m.mk_not(e);
+                if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, e)) {
+                    m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found++;
+                    if (is_retry)
+                        m_stats.m_retry_backbones_found++;
+                }
+                return l_undef;
+            }
+
+            expr_ref first(e, m), second(mk_not(e), m);
+            if (preferred) {
+                expr* atom = preferred;
+                bool is_negated = m.is_not(preferred, atom);
+                first = is_negated ? mk_not(e) : e;
+                second = is_negated ? e : mk_not(e);
+            }
+
+            lbool r = probe_literal(v, first.get(), is_retry);
+            if (r != l_undef || is_unit(v))
+                return r;
+
+            return probe_literal(v, second.get(), is_retry);
+        };
+
+        bb_candidates bb_candidates;
+        while (m.inc()) {
+            if (!b.wait_for_backbone_job(id, m_g2l, bb_candidates, m.limit()))
+                return;
+
+            if (bb_candidates.empty())
+                continue;
+
+            collect_shared_clauses();
+
+            unsigned local_cancel_epoch = b.get_cancel_epoch();
+            auto canceled = [&] { return local_cancel_epoch != b.get_cancel_epoch(); };
+            bool is_retry = false;
+            unsigned bb_candidate_epoch = b.get_bb_candidate_epoch();
+
+            expr_ref_vector bb_candidate_lits(m);
+            for (auto const& c : bb_candidates)
+                bb_candidate_lits.push_back(c.lit);
+
+            while (m.inc() && !canceled()) {
+                lbool terminal_result = l_undef;
+                uint_set seen_vars; // polarity dedup (since the same variable can appear in both polarities in the candidate list)
+                for (expr* lit : bb_candidate_lits) {
+                    if (is_retry && b.has_new_backbone_candidates(bb_candidate_epoch))
+                        break;
+                    if (!m.inc() || canceled())
+                        break;
+
+                    expr* atom = lit;
+                    m.is_not(lit, atom);
+                    if (!ctx->b_internalized(atom))
+                        continue;
+                    sat::bool_var v = ctx->get_bool_var(atom);
+                    if (v == sat::null_bool_var || seen_vars.contains(v))
+                        continue;
+                    seen_vars.insert(v);
+
+                    terminal_result = probe_var(v, lit, is_retry);
+                    if (terminal_result != l_undef)
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (terminal_result != l_undef)
+                    break;
+
+                if (b.has_new_backbone_candidates(bb_candidate_epoch) || canceled() || !m.inc())
+                    break;
+
+                is_retry = true;
+
+                expr_ref_vector bb_snapshot = b.get_global_backbones_snapshot(m_g2l);
+                expr_mark bb_mark;
+                for (expr* e : bb_snapshot) {
+                    bb_mark.mark(e);
+                    bb_mark.mark(mk_not(m, e));
+                }
+                bb_candidate_lits.reset();
+                for (auto const& c : bb_candidates)
+                    if (!bb_mark.is_marked(c.lit.get()))
+                        bb_candidate_lits.push_back(c.lit);
+            }
+
+            if (!m.inc())
+                return;
+            if (!canceled())
+                b.cancel_current_backbone_batch();
+            bb_candidates.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    lbool parallel::backbones_worker::probe_literal(bool_var v, expr *e, bool is_retry) {
+        asms.push_back(e);
+        auto terminal_result = b.check(asms, *ctx);
+        asms.pop_back();
+        if (terminal_result == l_false) {
+            // If the tested literal is not part of the unsat core, then the
+            // formula is UNSAT independently of this failed-literal probe.
+            if (!ctx->unsat_core().contains(e)) {
+                b.set_unsat(m_l2g, ctx->unsat_core());
+                return l_false;
+            }
+            // Ordinary failed-literal backbone discovery is non-terminal:
+            // share/assert the backbone, then continue probing.
+            IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "failed literal " << mk_bounded_pp(e, m) << "\n");
+            expr_ref not_e(mk_not(m, e), m);
+
+            m_stats.m_backbones_detected++;
+            if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, not_e)) {
+                m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found++;
+                if (is_retry)
+                    m_stats.m_retry_backbones_found++;
+            }
+            ctx->assert_expr(not_e);
+            terminal_result = l_undef;
+        }
+        if (terminal_result == l_true) {
+            model_ref mdl;
+            ctx->get_model(mdl);
+            b.set_sat(m_l2g, *mdl);
+        }
+        return terminal_result;
+    }
+
+    void parallel::backbones_worker::run_batch_mode() {
+        bb_candidates bb_curr_batch_candidates;
+
+        while (m.inc()) {
+            if (!b.wait_for_backbone_job(id, m_g2l, bb_curr_batch_candidates, m.limit()))
+                return;
+
+            if (bb_curr_batch_candidates.empty())
+                continue;
+
+            LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " received batch of " << bb_curr_batch_candidates.size() << " candidates\n");
+            collect_shared_clauses();
+            
+            unsigned local_cancel_epoch = b.get_cancel_epoch();
+            auto canceled = [&] { return local_cancel_epoch != b.get_cancel_epoch(); };
+            unsigned bb_candidate_epoch = b.get_bb_candidate_epoch();
+            
+            auto fallback_failed_literal_probe = [&](expr_ref_vector const& chunk_lits, expr_ref_vector& bb_candidate_lits, bool is_retry = false) {
+                unsigned old_max_conflicts = ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts;
+                ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts = 10;
+                if (is_retry)
+                    ++m_stats.m_bb_retries;
+                else
+                    ++m_stats.m_fallback_singleton_checks;
+                
+                for (expr* lit : chunk_lits) {
+                    if (is_retry && b.has_new_backbone_candidates(bb_candidate_epoch)) {
+                        ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts = old_max_conflicts;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    if (!m.inc() || canceled()) {
+                        ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts = old_max_conflicts;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    if (!bb_candidate_lits.contains(lit)) // already handled in singleton core → backbone case below
+                        continue; 
+                    
+                    expr_ref bb_ref(lit, m);
+                    if (m_mode == bb_mode::bb_positive)
+                        bb_ref = mk_not(m, bb_ref); // Normalize to the backbone literal for this mode; probe_literal tests its negation
+                    
+                    if (!b.is_global_backbone_or_negation(m_l2g, bb_ref)) {
+                        expr_ref backbone(m);
+                        if (try_get_unit_backbone(bb_ref.get(), backbone)) {
+                            m_stats.m_backbones_detected++;
+                            LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " fallback found unit backbone: " << mk_bounded_pp(backbone.get(), m, 3) << "\n");
+                            if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, backbone))
+                                m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found++;
+                        } else {
+                            expr* atom = bb_ref.get();
+                            m.is_not(bb_ref.get(), atom);
+                            if (ctx->b_internalized(atom)) {
+                                sat::bool_var v = ctx->get_bool_var(atom);
+                                
+                                if (v != sat::null_bool_var) {
+                                    lbool terminal_result = probe_literal(v, mk_not(m, bb_ref), is_retry); // failed literal probing (i.e. probe the negation of the bb candidate)
+                                    LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " RESULT: " << terminal_result << " FOR CANDIDATE: " << mk_bounded_pp(bb_ref.get(), m, 3) << "\n");
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    bb_candidate_lits.erase(lit);
+                }
+                ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts = old_max_conflicts;
+            };
+            
+            m_stats.m_batches_total++;
+            m_stats.m_candidates_total += bb_curr_batch_candidates.size();
+
+            expr_ref_vector bb_candidate_lits(m);
+            for (auto const& c : bb_curr_batch_candidates)
+                bb_candidate_lits.push_back(c.lit);
+
+            unsigned chunk_delta = 1;
+
+            // in mode bb_neg this is Algorithm 7 from https://sat.inesc-id.pt/~mikolas/bb-aicom-preprint.pdf
+            while (!bb_candidate_lits.empty() && !canceled() && m.inc()) {
+                // remove candidates that the other threads found to be backbones
+                {
+                    unsigned j = 0;
+                    for (auto lit : bb_candidate_lits) {
+                        if (!b.is_global_backbone_or_negation(m_l2g, lit))
+                            bb_candidate_lits[j++] = lit;
+                    }
+                    bb_candidate_lits.shrink(j);
+                }
+
+                // remove candidates that are units and assert them as backbones
+                {
+                    unsigned j = 0;
+                    for (expr* lit : bb_candidate_lits) {
+                        expr_ref backbone(m);
+                        if (try_get_unit_backbone(lit, backbone)) {
+                            IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "backbone on trail " << mk_bounded_pp(backbone.get(), m) << "\n");
+                            if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, backbone))
+                                m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found++;
+                            m_stats.m_backbones_detected++;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        bb_candidate_lits[j++] = lit;
+                    }
+                    bb_candidate_lits.shrink(j);
+                }
+
+                unsigned chunk_size = std::min(m_bb_chunk_size * chunk_delta, bb_candidate_lits.size());
+                expr_ref_vector chunk_lits(m);
+                expr_ref_vector negated_chunk_lits(m);
+                expr_mark chunk_atoms;
+
+                // Keep at most one polarity per atom in a chunk since this otherwise this leads to 
+                // immediate contradictions and thus no progress on finding backbones in the batch
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < bb_candidate_lits.size() && chunk_lits.size() < chunk_size; ++i) {
+                    expr* lit = bb_candidate_lits.get(i);
+                    expr* atom = lit;
+                    m.is_not(lit, atom);
+                    if (chunk_atoms.is_marked(atom))
+                        continue;
+                    chunk_atoms.mark(atom);
+                    chunk_lits.push_back(lit);
+                    negated_chunk_lits.push_back(mk_not(m, lit));
+                }
+
+                expr_ref_vector bb_asms(m);
+                if (m_mode == bb_mode::bb_negated)
+                    bb_asms.append(negated_chunk_lits); // F ∧ ¬U
+                else
+                    bb_asms.append(chunk_lits); // F ∧ U
+
+                collect_shared_clauses();
+
+                while (true) {
+
+                    if (!m.inc()) 
+                        return;
+                    if (canceled()) 
+                        break;
+
+                    m_stats.m_core_refinement_rounds++;
+                    unsigned base_asms_sz = asms.size();
+                    for (expr* a : bb_asms)
+                        asms.push_back(a);
+                    lbool r = b.check(asms, *ctx);
+                    asms.shrink(base_asms_sz);
+
+                    if (!m.inc() || canceled()) 
+                        break;
+
+                    if (r == l_undef) {
+                        LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " UNDEF at chunk_size=" << chunk_size << "\n");
+
+                        if (chunk_size < bb_candidate_lits.size()) {
+                            chunk_delta++; // try again with a bigger chunk
+                            m_stats.m_num_chunk_increases++;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " UNDEF and max chunk → fallback\n");
+
+                        fallback_failed_literal_probe(chunk_lits, bb_candidate_lits);
+                        m_stats.m_fallback_reason_undef++;
+                        chunk_delta = 1;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (r == l_true) {
+                        LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " batch check returned SAT, thus entire formula is SAT\n");
+                        model_ref mdl;
+                        ctx->get_model(mdl);
+                        b.set_sat(m_l2g, *mdl);
+                        bb_curr_batch_candidates.reset();
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    // ----- UNSAT: inspect core -----
+                    expr_ref_vector bb_asms_in_core(m);
+                    auto const& unsat_core = ctx->unsat_core();
+                    
+                    for (expr* a : unsat_core)
+                        if (bb_asms.contains(a))
+                            bb_asms_in_core.push_back(a);
+
+                    // ---- empty core intersection → formula is UNSAT independent of backbone assumptions ----
+                    if (bb_asms_in_core.empty()) {
+                        b.set_unsat(m_l2g, unsat_core);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    // ---- singleton core → backbone ----
+                    if (bb_asms_in_core.size() == 1) {
+                        expr* a = bb_asms_in_core.back();
+                        expr_ref backbone_lit(mk_not(m, a), m);
+
+                        m_stats.m_singleton_backbones++;
+                        m_stats.m_backbones_detected++;
+
+                        if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, backbone_lit)) {
+                            m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found++;
+                            ctx->assert_expr(backbone_lit.get()); // since bb workers don't collect clauses they themselves shared
+                        }
+
+                        expr* candidate_to_remove =
+                            (m_mode == bb_mode::bb_negated)
+                            ? backbone_lit.get() // since core contains ¬candidates in negated mode
+                            : a; // since core contains candidates in positive mode
+
+                        bb_candidate_lits.erase(candidate_to_remove);
+                    }
+
+                    unsigned sz_before = bb_asms.size();
+                    for (expr* a : bb_asms_in_core)
+                        bb_asms.erase(a);
+                    m_stats.m_lits_removed_by_core += sz_before - bb_asms.size();
+                    chunk_delta = 1;
+
+                    if (bb_asms.empty()) {
+                        LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " no more negated chunk literals, fallback to individual checks\n");
+                        fallback_failed_literal_probe(chunk_lits, bb_candidate_lits);
+                        m_stats.m_fallback_reason_chunk_exhausted++;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Retry loop: keeps the thread active while waiting for new backbone candidates.
+            // Only retries if at least one new backbone was found in the previous round, to avoid
+            // spinning indefinitely when progress has stalled.
+            while (!b.has_new_backbone_candidates(bb_candidate_epoch) && !canceled() && m.inc()) {
+                collect_shared_clauses();
+                unsigned found_before = m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found;
+                
+                // filter candidates for retry
+                expr_ref_vector bb_snapshot = b.get_global_backbones_snapshot(m_g2l);
+                expr_mark bb_mark;
+                for (expr* e : bb_snapshot) {
+                    bb_mark.mark(e);
+                    bb_mark.mark(mk_not(m, e));
+                }
+                bb_candidate_lits.reset();
+                for (auto const& c : bb_curr_batch_candidates)
+                    if (!bb_mark.is_marked(c.lit.get()))
+                        bb_candidate_lits.push_back(c.lit);
+                
+                if (bb_candidate_lits.empty())
+                    break;
+
+                fallback_failed_literal_probe(bb_candidate_lits, bb_candidate_lits, true);
+                
+                // Break if no progress was made; further retries on this batch are unlikely to succeed.
+                if (m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found == found_before) 
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            if (!canceled())
+                b.cancel_current_backbone_batch();
+
+            bb_curr_batch_candidates.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parallel::backbones_worker::cancel() {
+        LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " BACKBONES WORKER cancelling\n");
+        m.limit().cancel();
+    }
+
+    // returns true if the global bb is new, false if it was already known
+    bool parallel::batch_manager::collect_global_backbone(ast_translation &l2g, expr_ref const &backbone, unsigned source_worker_id) {
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "collect-global-backbone\n");
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        SASSERT(&m == &l2g.to());
+        
+        if (is_global_backbone_unlocked(l2g, backbone))
+            return false;
+        
+        expr_ref g_bb_ref(l2g(backbone.get()), m);
+        m_global_backbones.insert(g_bb_ref.get());
+        ++m_stats.m_backbones_found;
+       
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << " Found and sharing new global backbone: " << mk_bounded_pp(g_bb_ref, m, 3) << "\n");
+        collect_clause_unlocked(l2g, source_worker_id, backbone.get());
+
+        expr_ref neg_g_bb_ref(mk_not(g_bb_ref), m);
+        vector<cube_config::literal> g_core;
+        g_core.push_back(neg_g_bb_ref);
+        vector<node_lease> targets;
+        collect_matching_targets_unlocked(nullptr, neg_g_bb_ref, g_core, targets);
+
+        if (!targets.empty()) {
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << " Closing negation of the new global backbone: " << mk_bounded_pp(g_bb_ref, m, 3) << "\n");
+            
+            if (m_ablate_backtracking) {
+                // Ablation: for each target, pass the entire path from root to that node
+                for (auto const& target : targets) {
+                    if (m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(target.leased_node))
+                        continue;
+                    
+                    // Reconstruct the full path from root to this target node
+                    expr_ref_vector full_cube(l2g.from());
+                    node* n = target.leased_node;
+                    while (n) {
+                        if (!cube_config::literal_is_null(n->get_literal())) {
+                            expr* lit = n->get_literal().get();
+                            full_cube.push_back(expr_ref(lit, l2g.from()));
+                        }
+                        n = n->parent();
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Backtrack this one target with its full path
+                    vector<node_lease> single_target = { target };
+                    backtrack_unlocked(l2g, UINT_MAX, full_cube, nullptr, &single_target);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Normal: just use the negated backbone
+                expr_ref_vector l_core(l2g.from());
+                l_core.push_back(mk_not(backbone));
+                backtrack_unlocked(l2g, UINT_MAX, l_core, nullptr, &targets);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+   void parallel::backbones_worker::collect_statistics(::statistics& st) const {
+        st.update("bb-batches-total", m_stats.m_batches_total);
+        st.update("bb-candidates-total", m_stats.m_candidates_total);
+        st.update("bb-backbones-detected", m_stats.m_backbones_detected);
+        st.update("bb-internal-backbones-found", m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found);
+        st.update("bb-retry-backbones-found", m_stats.m_retry_backbones_found);
+        st.update("bb-retries", m_stats.m_bb_retries);
+        st.update("bb-core-refinement-rounds", m_stats.m_core_refinement_rounds);
+        st.update("bb-singleton-backbones", m_stats.m_singleton_backbones);
+        st.update("bb-fallback-singleton-checks", m_stats.m_fallback_singleton_checks);
+        st.update("bb-fallback-chunk-exhausted", m_stats.m_fallback_reason_chunk_exhausted);
+        st.update("bb-fallback-undef", m_stats.m_fallback_reason_undef);
+        st.update("bb-literals-removed-by-core", m_stats.m_lits_removed_by_core);
+        st.update("bb-num-chunk-increases", m_stats.m_num_chunk_increases);
+
+        auto safe_ratio = [](double num, double den) -> double {
+            return den > 0 ? num / den : 0.0;
+        };
+
+        st.update("bb-backbone-yield-pct",
+            100.0 * safe_ratio(m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found, m_stats.m_candidates_total));
+        st.update("bb-avg-backbones-per-batch",
+            safe_ratio(m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found, m_stats.m_batches_total));
+        st.update("bb-core-refinement-rounds-per-batch",
+            safe_ratio(m_stats.m_core_refinement_rounds, m_stats.m_batches_total));
+        st.update("bb-core-effectiveness-lit-removed-per-round",
+            safe_ratio(m_stats.m_lits_removed_by_core, m_stats.m_core_refinement_rounds));
+    }
+
     void parallel::sls_worker::cancel() {
         IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << " SLS WORKER cancelling\n");
         m.limit().cancel();
@@ -110,37 +617,195 @@ namespace smt {
         m_sls->collect_statistics(st);
     }
 
+    parallel::core_minimizer_worker::core_minimizer_worker(parallel& p, expr_ref_vector const& _asms)
+        : b(p.m_batch_manager), asms(m), m_smt_params(p.ctx.get_fparams()), m_g2l(p.ctx.m, m), m_l2g(m, p.ctx.m) {
+        for (expr* e : _asms)
+            asms.push_back(m_g2l(e));
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Initialized core minimizer thread\n");
+        ctx = alloc(context, m, m_smt_params, p.ctx.get_params());
+        ctx->set_logic(p.ctx.m_setup.get_logic());
+        context::copy(p.ctx, *ctx, true);
+        ctx->pop_to_base_lvl();
+        ctx->get_fparams().m_preprocess = false;  // avoid preprocessing lemmas that are exchanged
+    }
+
+    void parallel::core_minimizer_worker::cancel() {
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Core minimizer cancelling\n");
+        m.limit().cancel();
+    }
+
+    void parallel::core_minimizer_worker::collect_statistics(::statistics& st) const {
+        ctx->collect_statistics(st);
+        st.update("parallel-core-minimize-calls", m_num_core_minimize_calls);
+        st.update("parallel-core-minimize-undef", m_num_core_minimize_undef);
+        st.update("parallel-core-minimize-refined", m_num_core_minimize_refined);
+        st.update("parallel-core-minimize-lits-removed", m_num_core_minimize_lits_removed);
+        st.update("parallel-core-minimize-found-sat", m_num_core_minimize_found_sat);
+    }
+
+    void parallel::core_minimizer_worker::minimize_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector& core) {
+        expr_ref_vector unknown(core), mus(m), trial(m); // mus = literals we have NOT managed to eliminate
+
+        unsigned original_size = core.size();
+        ++m_num_core_minimize_calls;
+
+        // Invariant: F and mus and unknown is UNSAT.
+        while (!unknown.empty()) {
+            if (!m.inc()) {
+                core.reset();
+                core.append(mus);
+                core.append(unknown);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            expr* lit = unknown.back();
+            unknown.pop_back();
+            expr_ref not_lit(mk_not(m, lit), m);
+
+            trial.reset();
+            trial.append(mus);
+            trial.append(unknown);
+            trial.push_back(not_lit);
+
+            lbool r = l_undef;
+            try {
+                flet<unsigned> _max_conflicts(ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts, m_core_minimize_conflict_budget);
+                r = ctx->check(trial.size(), trial.data());
+            }
+            catch (...) {
+                r = l_undef;
+            }
+
+            switch (r) {
+            case l_undef: // the solver failed to show that lit is removable, so we must keep it to be safe
+                ++m_num_core_minimize_undef;
+                mus.push_back(lit);
+                break;
+            case l_true: { //  If all asms are true (or as an approximation, if asms is empty), it found a model. It can report sat and exit the minimization worker thread.
+                if (!asms.empty()) {
+                    mus.push_back(lit);
+                    break;
+                }
+                ++m_num_core_minimize_found_sat;
+                model_ref mdl;
+                ctx->get_model(mdl);
+                b.set_sat(m_l2g, *mdl);
+                return;
+            }
+            case l_false: {
+                auto const& unsat_core = ctx->unsat_core();
+                if (!unsat_core.contains(not_lit)) {
+                    ++m_num_core_minimize_refined;
+                    unknown.reset();
+                    expr_ref_vector new_mus(m);
+                    for (expr* c : unsat_core) {
+                        if (mus.contains(c))
+                            new_mus.push_back(c);
+                        else
+                            unknown.push_back(c);
+                    }
+                    mus.reset();
+                    mus.append(new_mus);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                UNREACHABLE();
+            }
+        }
+
+        core.reset();
+        core.append(mus);
+        core.append(unknown); // to reflect loop invariant, and in case we add an early exit
+        if (core.size() < original_size)
+            m_num_core_minimize_lits_removed += original_size - core.size();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    void parallel::core_minimizer_worker::run() {
+        while (m.inc()) {
+            node* source = nullptr;
+            expr_ref_vector core(m);
+            if (!b.wait_for_core_min_job(m_g2l, source, core, m.limit()))
+                return;
+
+            unsigned original_size = core.size();
+            if (original_size <= 1)
+                continue;
+
+            collect_shared_clauses();
+
+            expr_ref_vector minimized(m);
+            minimized.append(core);
+            minimize_unsat_core(minimized);
+
+            if (minimized.size() < original_size)
+                b.publish_minimized_core(m_l2g, asms, source, original_size, minimized);
+        }
+    }
+
     void parallel::worker::run() {
-        search_tree::node<cube_config> *node = nullptr;
+        bool is_first_run = true;
+        node_lease lease;
         expr_ref_vector cube(m);
         while (true) {
 
-            if (!b.get_cube(m_g2l, id, cube, node)) {
+            if (!b.get_cube(m_g2l, id, cube, is_first_run, lease)) {
                 LOG_WORKER(1, " no more cubes\n");
                 return;
             }
+            is_first_run = false;
             collect_shared_clauses();
 
         check_cube_start:
             LOG_WORKER(1, " CUBE SIZE IN MAIN LOOP: " << cube.size() << "\n");
+
+            if (m_config.m_global_backbones) {
+                bb_candidates local_candidates = find_backbone_candidates();
+                b.collect_backbone_candidates(m_l2g, local_candidates);
+                bool lease_canceled = false;
+                if (!b.checkpoint_worker(id, lease, lease_canceled))
+                    return;
+                if (lease_canceled) {
+                    LOG_WORKER(1, " abandoning canceled lease\n");
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
             lbool r = check_cube(cube);
 
-            if (!m.inc()) {
-                b.set_exception("context cancelled");
+            bool lease_canceled = false;
+            if (!b.checkpoint_worker(id, lease, lease_canceled))
                 return;
+            if (lease_canceled) {
+                LOG_WORKER(1, " abandoning canceled lease\n");
+                continue;
             }
 
             switch (r) {
             case l_undef: {
-                update_max_thread_conflicts();
                 LOG_WORKER(1, " found undef cube\n");
+                // Escalating the per-thread conflict budget and re-splitting the
+                // cube only helps when the cube was abandoned because the per-cube
+                // conflict limit was reached. For any other source of incompleteness
+                // (an incomplete theory, quantifiers, lambdas, resource limits, ...)
+                // the verdict cannot change, so re-checking the same cube would spin
+                // forever and the run hangs to a wall-clock timeout. Record a sound
+                // 'unknown' verdict and stop working this branch instead.
+                std::string reason = ctx->last_failure_as_string();
+                if (reason != "max-conflicts-reached") {
+                    LOG_WORKER(1, " undef cube not conflict-limited (" << reason << "); reporting unknown\n");
+                    b.set_unknown(reason);
+                    return;
+                }
+                update_max_thread_conflicts();
                 if (m_config.m_max_cube_depth <= cube.size())
                     goto check_cube_start;
 
                 auto atom = get_split_atom();
                 if (!atom)
                     goto check_cube_start;
-                b.split(m_l2g, id, node, atom);
+                b.try_split(m_l2g, id, lease, atom, m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts);
                 simplify();
                 break;
             }
@@ -164,7 +829,17 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
 
                 LOG_WORKER(1, " found unsat cube\n");
-                b.backtrack(m_l2g, unsat_core, node);
+                node* source = lease.leased_node;
+                
+                // When ablating backtracking, use the entire cube path instead of the unsat core
+                expr_ref_vector const& core_to_use = m_config.m_ablate_backtracking ? cube : unsat_core;
+                if (m_config.m_ablate_backtracking) {
+                    LOG_WORKER(1, " ablating backtracking: using full cube path of size " << core_to_use.size() << "\n");
+                }
+                
+                b.backtrack(m_l2g, id, core_to_use, lease);
+                if (m_config.m_core_minimize)
+                    b.enqueue_core_minimization(m_l2g, source, unsat_core);
 
                 if (m_config.m_share_conflicts)
                     b.collect_clause(m_l2g, id, mk_not(mk_and(unsat_core)));
@@ -189,12 +864,23 @@ namespace smt {
         context::copy(p.ctx, *ctx, true);
         // don't share initial units
         ctx->pop_to_base_lvl();
-        m_num_shared_units = ctx->assigned_literals().size();
+        m_shared_units_prefix = ctx->assigned_literals().size();
         m_num_initial_atoms = ctx->get_num_bool_vars();
         ctx->get_fparams().m_preprocess = false;  // avoid preprocessing lemmas that are exchanged
 
-        smt_parallel_params pp(p.ctx.m_params);
-        m_config.m_inprocessing = pp.inprocessing();
+        parallel_params pp(p.ctx.m_params);
+        m_config.m_inprocessing = false;
+        m_config.m_global_backbones = pp.num_bb_threads() > 0;
+        m_config.m_local_backbones = false;
+        m_config.m_core_minimize = pp.core_minimize();
+        m_config.m_ablate_backtracking = pp.ablate_backtracking();
+        
+        // When ablating backtracking, disable core minimization since we're using the full cube path
+        if (m_config.m_ablate_backtracking) {
+            m_config.m_core_minimize = false;
+        }
+
+        m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts = m_smt_params.m_threads_max_conflicts;
     }
 
     parallel::sls_worker::sls_worker(parallel& p)
@@ -204,16 +890,113 @@ namespace smt {
         m_sls = alloc(sls::smt_solver, m, m_params);
     }
 
+    parallel::backbones_worker::backbones_worker(unsigned id, parallel &p, expr_ref_vector const &_asms)
+        : id(id), b(p.m_batch_manager), m(), asms(m), m_smt_params(p.ctx.get_fparams()), m_g2l(p.ctx.m, m), m_l2g(m, p.ctx.m) {
+        for (auto e : _asms)
+            asms.push_back(m_g2l(e));
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Initialized backbones thread " << id << "\n");
+        m_mode = id == 0 ? bb_mode::bb_negated : bb_mode::bb_positive;
+        ctx = alloc(context, m, m_smt_params, p.ctx.get_params());
+        ctx->set_logic(p.ctx.m_setup.get_logic());
+        ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts = m_bb_conflicts_per_chunk;
+        context::copy(p.ctx, *ctx, true);
+        ctx->pop_to_base_lvl();
+        m_shared_units_prefix = ctx->assigned_literals().size();
+        m_num_initial_atoms = ctx->get_num_bool_vars();
+        ctx->get_fparams().m_preprocess = false;  // avoid preprocessing lemmas that are exchanged
+
+        m_use_failed_literal_test = false;
+    }
+
+    parallel::bb_candidates parallel::worker::find_backbone_candidates(unsigned k) {
+        bb_candidates backbone_candidates;
+        expr_ref candidate(m);
+        unsigned curr_time = ctx->m_stats.m_num_assignments;
+
+        for (bool_var v = 0; v < ctx->get_num_bool_vars(); ++v) {
+            if (ctx->get_assignment(v) != l_undef && ctx->get_assign_level(v) == ctx->m_base_lvl)
+                continue;
+
+            candidate = ctx->bool_var2expr(v);
+            if (!candidate)
+                continue;
+
+            auto birth = ctx->m_birthdate[v];
+            auto age = curr_time - birth;
+
+            auto const& d = ctx->get_bdata(v);
+            if (d.m_phase_available && !d.m_phase)
+                candidate = m.mk_not(candidate);
+
+            if (b.is_global_backbone_or_negation(m_l2g, candidate))
+                continue;
+
+            bb_candidate bb_cand(m, candidate, age, 1);
+            backbone_candidates.push_back(bb_cand);
+        }
+        
+        // sort from oldest to youngest
+        std::stable_sort(
+            backbone_candidates.begin(), 
+            backbone_candidates.end(), 
+            [](bb_candidate const& a, bb_candidate const& b) {
+                return a.age > b.age;
+            }
+        );
+
+        // take top-k oldest 
+        if (backbone_candidates.size() > k)
+            backbone_candidates.shrink(k);
+        
+        return backbone_candidates;
+    }
+
+    // checks if candidate or its negation is a unit backbone on the trail and returns the backbone if so
+    bool parallel::backbones_worker::try_get_unit_backbone(expr* candidate, expr_ref& backbone) {
+        expr* atom = candidate;
+        m.is_not(candidate, atom);
+        if (!ctx->b_internalized(atom))
+            return false;
+        sat::bool_var v = ctx->get_bool_var(atom);
+        if (v == sat::null_bool_var || ctx->get_assignment(v) == l_undef || ctx->get_assign_level(v) != ctx->m_base_lvl)
+            return false;
+        bool is_true = ctx->get_assignment(v) == l_true;
+        backbone = expr_ref(atom, m);
+        if (!is_true)
+            backbone = mk_not(backbone);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // NSB review: the code appares to use the assumption that we are not at base level 
+    // there can be literals above base level (see "filter by assign level" test).
+    // when existing the loop we update m_shared_units_prefix even if the assigned-literals can go beyond base level
+    // we could be missing units.
+    // fixes; we could maintain a set uint_set seen_units to avoid resharing the same units
+    // we could only update m_shared_units_prefix until the size of the base level prefix.
+    // so we would re-examine literals that are not necessarily on base level in later calls.
+    // 
     void parallel::worker::share_units() {
-        // Collect new units learned locally by this worker and send to batch manager
+        // Collect new base-level units learned locally by this worker.
+        // Such units are globally valid and are thus part of the backbone
         
         unsigned sz = ctx->assigned_literals().size();
-        for (unsigned j = m_num_shared_units; j < sz; ++j) {  // iterate only over new literals since last sync
+        unsigned prefix_sz = m_shared_units_prefix;
+        bool at_prefix = true;
+        for (unsigned j = m_shared_units_prefix; j < sz; ++j) {  // iterate only over new literals since last sync
             literal lit = ctx->assigned_literals()[j];
 
             // filter by assign level: do not pop to base level as this destroys the current search state
-            if (ctx->get_assign_level(lit) > ctx->m_base_lvl)
+            if (ctx->get_assign_level(lit) > ctx->m_base_lvl) {
+                at_prefix = false;
                 continue;
+            }
+
+            if (at_prefix)
+                ++prefix_sz;
+
+            if (m_known_units.contains(lit.var()))
+                continue;
+            m_known_units.insert(lit.var());
 
             if (!ctx->is_relevant(lit.var()) && m_config.m_share_units_relevant_only)
                 continue;
@@ -223,15 +1006,16 @@ namespace smt {
                 continue;  // skip non-initial atoms if configured to do so
             }
 
-            expr_ref e(ctx->bool_var2expr(lit.var()), ctx->m);  // turn literal into a Boolean expression
-            if (m.is_and(e) || m.is_or(e))
+            expr_ref e(ctx->bool_var2expr(lit.var()), ctx->m);  // turn literal into a Boolean expression            
+            if (m.is_and(e) || m.is_or(e) || m.is_ite(e) || m.is_iff(e))
                 continue;
 
             if (lit.sign())
-                e = m.mk_not(e);  // negate if literal is negative
-            b.collect_clause(m_l2g, id, e);
+                e = mk_not(e);  // negate if literal is negative
+
+            b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, e, id);
         }
-        m_num_shared_units = sz;
+        m_shared_units_prefix = prefix_sz;
     }
 
     void parallel::worker::simplify() {
@@ -300,7 +1084,7 @@ namespace smt {
         ctx->setup_context(true);
         ctx->internalize_assertions();
         auto old_atoms = m_num_initial_atoms;
-        m_num_shared_units = ctx->assigned_literals().size();
+        m_shared_units_prefix = ctx->assigned_literals().size();
         m_num_initial_atoms = ctx->get_num_bool_vars();
         LOG_WORKER(1, " inprocess " << old_atoms << " -> " << m_num_initial_atoms << "\n");
     }
@@ -314,20 +1098,365 @@ namespace smt {
         m.limit().cancel();
     }
 
-    void parallel::batch_manager::backtrack(ast_translation &l2g, expr_ref_vector const &core,
-                                            search_tree::node<cube_config> *node) {
-        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager backtracking.\n");
+    void parallel::worker::cancel_lease() {
+        LOG_WORKER(1, " canceling lease\n");
+        m.limit().inc_cancel();
+    }
+
+    lbool parallel::batch_manager::check(expr_ref_vector const &asms, context &ctx) {
+        lbool r = l_undef;
+        auto &m = asms.m();
+        try {
+            r = ctx.check(asms.size(), asms.data());
+        } catch (z3_error &err) {
+            if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                set_exception(err.error_code());
+        } catch (z3_exception &ex) {
+            if (!m.limit().is_canceled() && !is_cancellation_exception(ex.what()))
+                set_exception(ex.what());
+        } catch (...) {
+            if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                set_exception("unknown exception");
+        }
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::set_canceled_unlocked() {
         if (m_state != state::is_running)
             return;
-        vector<cube_config::literal> g_core;
-        for (auto c : core) {
-            expr_ref g_c(l2g(c), m);
-            g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
-        }
-        m_search_tree.backtrack(node, g_core);
+        cancel_background_threads();
+    }
 
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, m_search_tree.display(verbose_stream() << bounded_pp_exprs(core) << "\n"););
+    void parallel::batch_manager::set_canceled() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        set_canceled_unlocked();
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::release_worker_lease_unlocked(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease) {
+        if (worker_id >= m_worker_leases.size()) {
+            lease = {};
+            return;
+        }
+        auto& stored_lease = m_worker_leases[worker_id];
+        if (!stored_lease.leased_node || stored_lease.leased_node != lease.leased_node) {
+            lease = {};
+            return;
+        }
+        bool cancel_signaled = stored_lease.cancel_signaled;
+        m_search_tree.dec_active_workers(stored_lease.leased_node);
+        stored_lease = {};
+        lease = {};
+        if (cancel_signaled)
+            p.m_workers[worker_id]->limit().dec_cancel();
+    }
+
+    bool parallel::batch_manager::attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease) {
+        if (m_state != state::is_running || !lease.leased_node || worker_id >= m_worker_leases.size())
+            return false;
+
+        auto& stored_lease = m_worker_leases[worker_id];
+        if (stored_lease.leased_node != lease.leased_node)
+            return false;
+
+        if (!m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(stored_lease.leased_node))
+            return false;
+
+        release_worker_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::cancel_closed_leases_unlocked(unsigned source_worker_id) {
+        unsigned n = std::min(m_worker_leases.size(), p.m_workers.size());
+        for (unsigned worker_id = 0; worker_id < n; ++worker_id) {
+            if (worker_id == source_worker_id)
+                continue;
+            auto const& lease = m_worker_leases[worker_id];
+            
+            // only cancel workers that currently hold a lease, whose lease is canceled,
+            // and haven't already been signaled (prevents multiple inc_cancel() for same lease)
+            if (lease.leased_node && !lease.cancel_signaled && m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(lease.leased_node)) {
+                p.m_workers[worker_id]->cancel_lease();
+                m_worker_leases[worker_id].cancel_signaled = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::backtrack(ast_translation &l2g, unsigned worker_id, expr_ref_vector const &core,
+                                            node_lease& lease) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        vector<cube_config::literal> g_core;
+        for (auto c : core)
+            g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
+
+        vector<node_lease> targets;
+        collect_matching_targets_unlocked(lease.leased_node, lease.leased_node->get_literal().get(), g_core, targets);
+        backtrack_unlocked(l2g, worker_id, core, &lease, targets.empty() ? nullptr : &targets);
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::enqueue_core_minimization(ast_translation& l2g, node* source,
+                                                            expr_ref_vector const& core) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        if (m_state != state::is_running || !p.m_core_minimizer_worker || !source || core.empty())
+            return;
+        if (core.size() <= 1) {
+            ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        source = find_core_source_unlocked(l2g, source, core);
+        if (!source) {
+            ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        scoped_ptr<core_min_job> job = alloc(core_min_job, m, source);
+        for (expr* c : core)
+            job->core.push_back(l2g(c));
+        m_core_min_jobs.push_back(job.detach());
+        ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_enqueued;
+        m_core_min_cv.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    bool parallel::batch_manager::wait_for_core_min_job(ast_translation& g2l, node*& source,
+                                                        expr_ref_vector& core, reslimit& lim) {
+        std::unique_lock lock(mux);
+        m_core_min_cv.wait(lock, [&]() {
+            return lim.is_canceled() || m_state != state::is_running || !m_core_min_jobs.empty();
+        });
+
+        if (lim.is_canceled() || m_state != state::is_running)
+            return false;
+
+        unsigned best_idx = select_best_core_min_job_unlocked();
+        m_core_min_jobs.swap(best_idx, m_core_min_jobs.size() - 1);
+        core_min_job* job = m_core_min_jobs.detach_back();
+        m_core_min_jobs.pop_back();
+        SASSERT(job);
+        source = job->source;
+        core.reset();
+        for (expr* c : job->core)
+            core.push_back(g2l(c));
+        dealloc(job);
+        return source != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Given a newly closed node, source, and its core, find the lowest ancestor of source that 
+    // contains a core literal, and return it as the source for the core minimization job
+    parallel::node* parallel::batch_manager::find_core_source_unlocked(
+        ast_translation& l2g, node* source, expr_ref_vector const& core) {
+        if (!source)
+            return nullptr;
+
+        vector<cube_config::literal> g_core;
+        for (expr* c : core)
+            g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
+
+        for (node* cur = source; cur; cur = cur->parent()) {
+            if (cube_config::literal_is_null(cur->get_literal()))
+                continue;
+            if (any_of(g_core, [&](cube_config::literal const& lit) { return lit == cur->get_literal(); }))
+                return cur;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    unsigned parallel::batch_manager::select_best_core_min_job_unlocked() const {
+        SASSERT(!m_core_min_jobs.empty());
+
+        unsigned best_idx = 0;
+        node* best_source = m_core_min_jobs[0]->source;
+        unsigned best_depth = best_source ? best_source->depth() : 0;
+        unsigned best_core_size = m_core_min_jobs[0]->core.size();
+
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < m_core_min_jobs.size(); ++i) {
+            core_min_job* job = m_core_min_jobs[i];
+            node* job_source = job->source;
+            unsigned job_depth = job_source ? job_source->depth() : 0;
+            unsigned job_core_size = job->core.size();
+
+            // rank first by core source node depth (deepest -> shallowest), then by core size (largest -> smallest)
+            if (job_depth > best_depth || (job_depth == best_depth && job_core_size > best_core_size)) {
+                best_idx = i;
+                best_depth = job_depth;
+                best_core_size = job_core_size;
+            }
+        }
+        return best_idx;
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::publish_minimized_core(ast_translation& l2g, expr_ref_vector const& asms, node* source,
+                                                         unsigned original_core_size, expr_ref_vector const& minimized_core) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        if (m_state != state::is_running || !source || minimized_core.size() >= original_core_size) {
+            ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        vector<cube_config::literal> g_core;
+        for (expr* c : minimized_core)
+            g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
+
+        // don't publish a minimized core if the node already has an equal-or-smaller core by the time the minimizer thread finishes 
+        // (e.g. from another thread or from backtracking resulotion propagation)
+        if (source->get_core().size() <= g_core.size()) {
+            ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager publishing minimized core "
+                                       << original_core_size << " -> " << g_core.size() << "\n");
+
+        if (all_of(g_core, [&](cube_config::literal const& lit) { return asms.contains(lit.get()); })) {
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Minimized core removed all path literals, setting UNSAT\n");
+            m_state = state::is_unsat;
+            SASSERT(p.ctx.m_unsat_core.empty());
+            for (expr* e : minimized_core)
+                p.ctx.m_unsat_core.push_back(l2g(e));
+            ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_published;
+            ++m_stats.m_core_min_global_unsat;
+            cancel_background_threads();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // do not backtrack through the batch manager since this only handles non-closed leases
+        // and the batch manager also tries to search for external matching targets in the tree
+        // which is a problem since we must backtrack only on the source node or the core is invalid
+        m_search_tree.backtrack(source, g_core);
+
+        vector<node_lease> targets;
+        if (!g_core.empty()) {
+            collect_matching_targets_unlocked(source, g_core[0].get(), g_core, targets);
+            for (auto const& target : targets) {
+                if (!m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(target.leased_node))
+                    m_search_tree.backtrack(target.leased_node, g_core);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_published;
+        cancel_closed_leases_unlocked(UINT_MAX);
+
+        IF_VERBOSE(2, m_search_tree.display(verbose_stream() << bounded_pp_exprs(minimized_core) << "\n"););
+        if (m_search_tree.is_closed()) {
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Search tree closed by minimized core, setting UNSAT\n");
+            m_state = state::is_unsat;
+            SASSERT(p.ctx.m_unsat_core.empty());
+            for (auto e : m_search_tree.get_core_from_root())
+                p.ctx.m_unsat_core.push_back(e);
+            cancel_background_threads();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::collect_matching_targets_unlocked(node* source, expr* lit, vector<cube_config::literal> const& core,
+                                                                    vector<node_lease>& targets) {
+        targets.reset();
+        if (!lit)
+            return;
+
+        auto is_ancestor_of = [&](node* ancestor, node* cur) {
+            if (!ancestor)
+                return false;
+            for (node* p = cur; p; p = p->parent()) {
+                if (p == ancestor)
+                    return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        auto path_contains = [&](node* cur, cube_config::literal const& lit) {
+            for (node* p = cur; p; p = p->parent()) {
+                if (p->get_literal() == lit)
+                    return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        auto path_contains_core = [&](node* cur) {
+            return all_of(core, [&](cube_config::literal const& c) {
+                return path_contains(cur, c);
+            });
+        };
+
+        ptr_vector<node> matches;
+        m_search_tree.find_nonclosed_nodes_with_literal(expr_ref(lit, m), matches);
+        for (node* t : matches) {
+            if (!t || t == source)
+                continue;
+            if (m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(t))
+                continue;
+
+            // When source is provided, keep only external matches. Nodes in the
+            // same branch are already closed by backtracking on the source node.
+            if (source && (is_ancestor_of(source, t) || is_ancestor_of(t, source)))
+                continue;
+
+            // Reusing a conflict on another branch is sound only if that
+            // the path from that node->root contains every literal in the core. 
+            // Matching on the closing literal alone is insufficient: F & a & l 
+            // may be UNSAT while F & c & l is SAT.
+            if (!path_contains_core(t))
+                continue;
+
+            // Keep only highest matching nodes: closing an ancestor also closes
+            // all of its matching descendants.
+            bool is_highest_ancestor = true;
+            for (node* p = t->parent(); p; p = p->parent()) {
+                if (any_of(targets, [&](node_lease const& target) { return target.leased_node == p; })) {
+                    is_highest_ancestor = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!is_highest_ancestor)
+                continue;
+
+            targets.push_back({t});
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::backtrack_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned worker_id, expr_ref_vector const& core,
+                                                     node_lease* lease, vector<node_lease> const* targets) {
+        if (m_state != state::is_running)
+            return;
+
+        vector<cube_config::literal> g_core;
+        for (auto c : core)
+            g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
+
+        SASSERT(lease != nullptr || targets != nullptr);
+        bool did_backtrack = false;
+
+        if (lease) {
+            if (!m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(lease->leased_node)) {
+                // we close/backtrack regardless of whether this lease is stale or not, as long as the lease isn't canceled
+                // i.e. worker 1 splits this node, but then worker 2 determines UNSAT --> worker 2 is stale but we still close this node and backtrack
+                did_backtrack = true;
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager backtracking.\n");
+                node* leased_node = lease->leased_node;
+                release_worker_lease_unlocked(worker_id, *lease);
+                m_search_tree.backtrack(leased_node, g_core);
+            }
+            else { 
+                // the lease was canceled by another worker. don't backtrack on this node with whatever new core we just found with this thread
+                // however, we do proceed to external targets, since the new code may have exposed new external targets we can close/backtrack
+                attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, *lease);
+            }
+        }
+        if (targets) {
+            for (auto const& target : *targets) {
+                if (m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(target.leased_node))
+                    continue;
+
+                did_backtrack = true;
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager backtracking external targets.\n");
+                m_search_tree.backtrack(target.leased_node, g_core);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!did_backtrack)
+            return;
+
+        // terminate on-demand the workers that are currently exploring the now-closed nodes
+        cancel_closed_leases_unlocked(worker_id);
+
+        IF_VERBOSE(2, m_search_tree.display(verbose_stream() << bounded_pp_exprs(core) << "\n"););
         if (m_search_tree.is_closed()) {
             IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Search tree closed, setting UNSAT\n");
             m_state = state::is_unsat;
@@ -338,26 +1467,68 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
-    void parallel::batch_manager::split(ast_translation &l2g, unsigned source_worker_id,
-                                        search_tree::node<cube_config> *node, expr *atom) {
+    void parallel::batch_manager::try_split(ast_translation &l2g, unsigned worker_id,
+                                        node_lease& lease, expr *atom, unsigned effort) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        
+        if (m_state != state::is_running)
+            return;
+
+        if (m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(lease.leased_node)) {
+            attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease);
+            return;
+        }
+
         expr_ref lit(m), nlit(m);
         lit = l2g(atom);
         nlit = mk_not(m, lit);
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager splitting on literal: " << mk_bounded_pp(lit, m, 3) << "\n");
-        if (m_state != state::is_running)
-            return;
-        // optional heuristic:
-        // node->get_status() == status::active
-        // and depth is 'high' enough
-        // then ignore split, and instead set the status of node to open.
-        ++m_stats.m_num_cubes;
-        m_stats.m_max_cube_depth = std::max(m_stats.m_max_cube_depth, node->depth() + 1);
-        m_search_tree.split(node, lit, nlit);
+        node* leased_node = lease.leased_node;
+        VERIFY(!leased_node->path_contains_atom(lit));
+        VERIFY(!leased_node->path_contains_atom(nlit));
+        bool did_split = m_search_tree.try_split(leased_node, lit, nlit, effort);
+
+        release_worker_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease);
+
+        if (did_split) {
+            ++m_stats.m_num_cubes;
+            m_stats.m_max_cube_depth = std::max(m_stats.m_max_cube_depth, leased_node->depth() + 1);
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager splitting on literal: " << mk_bounded_pp(lit, m, 3) << "\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool parallel::batch_manager::checkpoint_worker(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease, bool& lease_canceled) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        lease_canceled = false;
+        SASSERT(worker_id < p.m_workers.size());
+
+        if (attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease)) {
+            lease_canceled = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (p.m_workers[worker_id]->limit().inc())
+            return true;
+
+        if (attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease)) {
+            lease_canceled = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        set_canceled_unlocked();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool parallel::batch_manager::lease_canceled(node_lease const &lease) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        return m_state == state::is_running && m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(lease.leased_node);
     }
 
     void parallel::batch_manager::collect_clause(ast_translation &l2g, unsigned source_worker_id, expr *clause) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        collect_clause_unlocked(l2g, source_worker_id, clause);
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::collect_clause_unlocked(ast_translation &l2g, unsigned source_worker_id, expr *clause) {
         expr *g_clause = l2g(clause);
         if (!shared_clause_set.contains(g_clause)) {
             shared_clause_set.insert(g_clause);
@@ -375,6 +1546,137 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
+    void parallel::backbones_worker::collect_shared_clauses() {
+        expr_ref_vector new_clauses = b.return_shared_clauses(m_g2l, m_shared_clause_limit, UINT_MAX);
+        // iterate over new clauses and assert them in the local context
+        for (expr *e : new_clauses) {
+            ctx->assert_expr(e);
+            LOG_BB_WORKER(4, " asserting shared clause: " << mk_bounded_pp(e, m, 3) << "\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parallel::core_minimizer_worker::collect_shared_clauses() {
+        expr_ref_vector new_clauses = b.return_shared_clauses(m_g2l, m_shared_clause_limit, UINT_MAX);
+        // iterate over new clauses and assert them in the local context
+        for (expr *e : new_clauses) {
+            ctx->assert_expr(e);
+            IF_VERBOSE(4, verbose_stream() << "Core minimizer asserting shared clause: "
+                                           << mk_bounded_pp(e, m, 3) << "\n";);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parallel::batch_manager::collect_backbone_candidates(ast_translation& l2g, bb_candidates& bb_candidates) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        bool changed = false;
+
+        auto find_existing_candidate_idx = [&](expr* e) -> int {
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_bb_candidates.size(); ++i) {
+                if (m_bb_candidates[i].lit.get() == e)
+                    return i;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        };
+
+        auto rank_of = [&](bb_candidate const& c) {
+            return c.age * std::log2(2.0 + c.hits);
+        };
+
+        for (auto const& c : bb_candidates) {
+            expr_ref g_lit(l2g(c.lit.get()), m);
+            if (is_global_backbone_or_negation_unlocked(l2g, c.lit))
+                continue;
+
+            double age = c.age;
+            int idx = find_existing_candidate_idx(g_lit.get());
+
+            if (idx >= 0) {
+                auto& existing = m_bb_candidates[idx];
+                existing.age = (existing.age * existing.hits + age) / (existing.hits + 1);
+                existing.hits++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (m_bb_candidates.size() < m_max_global_bb_candidates) {
+                m_bb_candidates.push_back(bb_candidate(m, g_lit.get(), age, 1));
+                changed = true;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            bb_candidate new_bb_candidate = bb_candidate(m, g_lit.get(), age, 1);
+            auto worst_it = std::min_element(
+                m_bb_candidates.begin(),
+                m_bb_candidates.end(),
+                [&](bb_candidate const& a, bb_candidate const& b) {
+                    return rank_of(a) < rank_of(b);
+                }
+            );
+            if (worst_it != m_bb_candidates.end() && rank_of(new_bb_candidate) > rank_of(*worst_it)) {
+                *worst_it = new_bb_candidate; // replace worst candidate with new candidate
+                changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (changed && !m_bb_candidates.empty()) {
+            m_bb_candidate_epoch.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_release);
+            std::sort(
+                m_bb_candidates.begin(),
+                m_bb_candidates.end(),
+                [&](bb_candidate const& a, bb_candidate const& b) {
+                    return rank_of(a) < rank_of(b); // sort ascending so we can pop off the best candidates from the end in O(1) in the bb threads
+                }
+            );
+            m_bb_cv.notify_all();
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool parallel::batch_manager::wait_for_backbone_job(unsigned bb_thread_id, ast_translation& g2l, bb_candidates& out, reslimit& lim) {
+        out.reset();
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mux);
+
+        // ---- WAIT UNTIL:
+        // (a) a new batch is ready that this thread hasn't seen yet, OR
+        // (b) candidates are available AND the previous batch is finished (not in progress)
+        m_bb_cv.wait(lock, [&]() {
+            return lim.is_canceled() ||
+                m_state != state::is_running ||
+                m_bb_last_batch_processed[bb_thread_id] < m_bb_batch_id ||
+                !m_bb_candidates.empty();
+        });
+
+        if (lim.is_canceled())
+            return false;
+
+        if (m_state != state::is_running)
+            return false;
+
+        // ---- NEED NEW BATCH? ----
+        // Only create a new batch if this thread has already seen the current batch.
+        if (m_bb_last_batch_processed[bb_thread_id] == m_bb_batch_id) {
+
+            // pop new batch once
+            unsigned n = std::min<unsigned>(m_bb_batch_size, m_bb_candidates.size());
+
+            m_bb_current_batch.reset();
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                m_bb_current_batch.push_back(m_bb_candidates.back());
+                m_bb_candidates.pop_back();
+            }
+
+            m_bb_batch_id++;
+
+            // wake all threads to see new batch
+            m_bb_cv.notify_all();
+        }
+
+        for (auto const& gc : m_bb_current_batch) {
+            expr_ref l_lit(g2l(gc.lit.get()), g2l.to());
+            out.push_back(bb_candidate(g2l.to(), l_lit, gc.age, gc.hits));
+        }
+
+        m_bb_last_batch_processed[bb_thread_id] = m_bb_batch_id;
+        return true;
+    }
+
     expr_ref_vector parallel::batch_manager::return_shared_clauses(ast_translation &g2l, unsigned &worker_limit,
                                                                    unsigned worker_id) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
@@ -390,21 +1692,13 @@ namespace smt {
     lbool parallel::worker::check_cube(expr_ref_vector const &cube) {
         for (auto &atom : cube)
             asms.push_back(atom);
-        lbool r = l_undef;
 
         ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts = std::min(m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts, m_config.m_max_conflicts);
         IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << " Checking cube\n"
                                        << bounded_pp_exprs(cube)
                                        << "with max_conflicts: " << ctx->get_fparams().m_max_conflicts << "\n";);
-        try {
-            r = ctx->check(asms.size(), asms.data());
-        } catch (z3_error &err) {
-            b.set_exception(err.error_code());
-        } catch (z3_exception &ex) {
-            b.set_exception(ex.what());
-        } catch (...) {
-            b.set_exception("unknown exception");
-        }
+        lbool r = b.check(asms, *ctx);
+
         asms.shrink(asms.size() - cube.size());
         LOG_WORKER(1, " DONE checking cube " << r << "\n";);
         return r;
@@ -422,10 +1716,20 @@ namespace smt {
             if (!e)
                 continue;
 
-            double new_score = ctx->m_lit_scores[0][v] * ctx->m_lit_scores[1][v];
+            // don't split on a backbone or its negation
+            if (m_config.m_global_backbones) {
+                if (b.is_global_backbone_or_negation(m_l2g, e))
+                    continue;
+            }
 
-            ctx->m_lit_scores[0][v] /= 2;
-            ctx->m_lit_scores[1][v] /= 2;
+            // Lightweight Proof Skeleton Approach
+            // double new_score = ctx->m_lit_scores[0][v] * ctx->m_lit_scores[1][v];
+
+            // ctx->m_lit_scores[0][v] /= 2;
+            // ctx->m_lit_scores[1][v] /= 2;
+
+            // VSIDS Approach
+            double new_score = ctx->get_activity(v); 
 
             if (new_score > score || !result || (new_score == score && m_rand(++n) == 0)) {
                 score = new_score;
@@ -438,7 +1742,7 @@ namespace smt {
     void parallel::batch_manager::set_sat(ast_translation &l2g, model &m) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
         IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting SAT.\n");
-        if (m_state != state::is_running)
+        if (m_state != state::is_running && m_state != state::is_unknown)
             return;
         m_state = state::is_sat;
         p.ctx.set_model(m.translate(l2g));
@@ -448,7 +1752,7 @@ namespace smt {
     void parallel::batch_manager::set_unsat(ast_translation &l2g, expr_ref_vector const &unsat_core) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
         IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting UNSAT.\n");
-        if (m_state != state::is_running)
+        if (m_state != state::is_running && m_state != state::is_unknown)
             return;
         m_state = state::is_unsat;
 
@@ -459,6 +1763,16 @@ namespace smt {
         cancel_background_threads();
     }
 
+    void parallel::batch_manager::set_unknown(std::string const &reason) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting UNKNOWN: " << reason << ".\n");
+        if (m_state != state::is_running)
+            return;  // a definitive sat/unsat verdict or exception already won.
+        m_state = state::is_unknown;
+        m_reason_unknown = reason;
+        cancel_background_threads();
+    }
+
     void parallel::batch_manager::set_exception(unsigned error_code) {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
         IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting exception code: " << error_code << ".\n");
@@ -490,6 +1804,8 @@ namespace smt {
             return l_false;
         case state::is_sat:
             return l_true;
+        case state::is_unknown:
+            return l_undef;
         case state::is_exception_msg:
             throw default_exception(m_exception_msg.c_str());
         case state::is_exception_code:
@@ -500,9 +1816,10 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
-    bool parallel::batch_manager::get_cube(ast_translation &g2l, unsigned id, expr_ref_vector &cube, node *&n) {
+    bool parallel::batch_manager::get_cube(ast_translation &g2l, unsigned id, expr_ref_vector &cube, bool is_first_run, node_lease &lease) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
         cube.reset();
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mux);
+        
         if (m_search_tree.is_closed()) {
             IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "all done\n";);
             return false;
@@ -511,13 +1828,19 @@ namespace smt {
             IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "aborting get_cube\n";);
             return false;
         }
-        node *t = m_search_tree.activate_node(n);
-        if (!t)
-            t = m_search_tree.find_active_node();
+        
+        node *t = is_first_run ? m_search_tree.activate_root() : m_search_tree.activate_best_node();
+        
         if (!t)
             return false;
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, m_search_tree.display(verbose_stream()); verbose_stream() << "\n";);
-        n = t;
+        
+        IF_VERBOSE(2, m_search_tree.display(verbose_stream()); verbose_stream() << "\n";);
+        
+        lease.leased_node = t;
+        if (id >= m_worker_leases.size())
+            m_worker_leases.resize(id + 1);
+        m_worker_leases[id] = lease;
+        
         while (t) {
             if (cube_config::literal_is_null(t->get_literal()))
                 break;
@@ -526,21 +1849,65 @@ namespace smt {
             cube.push_back(std::move(lit));
             t = t->parent();
         }
+        
         return true;
     }
 
-    void parallel::batch_manager::initialize() {
+    void parallel::batch_manager::initialize(unsigned num_global_bb_threads, unsigned initial_max_thread_conflicts) {
         m_state = state::is_running;
+
+        m_num_global_bb_threads = num_global_bb_threads;
+        m_bb_last_batch_processed.reset();
+        m_bb_last_batch_processed.resize(m_num_global_bb_threads);
+        m_bb_candidates.reset();
+        m_global_backbones.reset();
+        m_bb_candidate_epoch.store(0, std::memory_order_release);
+        m_core_min_jobs.reset();
+
         m_search_tree.reset();
+        m_search_tree.set_effort_unit(initial_max_thread_conflicts);
+        
+        m_worker_leases.reset();
+        m_worker_leases.resize(p.m_workers.size());
+        
+        parallel_params pp(p.ctx.m_params);
+        m_ablate_backtracking = pp.ablate_backtracking();
+        m_canceled = false;
     }
 
     void parallel::batch_manager::collect_statistics(::statistics &st) const {
         st.update("parallel-num_cubes", m_stats.m_num_cubes);
         st.update("parallel-max-cube-size", m_stats.m_max_cube_depth);
+        st.update("bb-backbones-found", m_stats.m_backbones_found);
+        st.update("parallel-core-min-jobs-enqueued", m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_enqueued);
+        st.update("parallel-core-min-jobs-published", m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_published);
+        st.update("parallel-core-min-jobs-skipped", m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped);
+        st.update("parallel-core-min-global-unsat", m_stats.m_core_min_global_unsat);
     }
 
     lbool parallel::operator()(expr_ref_vector const &asms) {
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Parallel SMT with " << num_threads << " threads\n";);
+        parallel_params pp(ctx.m_params);
+        unsigned num_global_bb_threads = pp.num_bb_threads();
+        if (num_global_bb_threads > 2)
+            throw default_exception("parallel.num_bb_threads must be 0, 1, or 2");
+        unsigned total_threads = std::min((unsigned)std::thread::hardware_concurrency(), ctx.get_fparams().m_threads);
+        unsigned num_workers = total_threads;
+        unsigned num_sls_threads = 0;
+        unsigned num_core_min_threads = (pp.core_minimize() ? 1 : 0);
+        if (num_workers > 2 + num_core_min_threads)
+            num_workers -= num_core_min_threads;
+        else
+            num_core_min_threads = 0;
+        if (num_workers > 2 + num_global_bb_threads)
+            num_workers -= num_global_bb_threads;
+        else
+            num_global_bb_threads = 0;
+        if (num_workers > 2 + num_sls_threads)
+            num_workers -= num_sls_threads;
+        else
+            num_sls_threads = 0;
+
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Parallel SMT with " << total_threads << " threads\n";);
         ast_manager &m = ctx.m;
 
         if (m.has_trace_stream())
@@ -552,37 +1919,88 @@ namespace smt {
             ~scoped_clear() {
                 p.m_workers.reset();
                 p.m_sls_worker = nullptr;
+                p.m_core_minimizer_worker = nullptr;
+                p.m_global_backbones_workers.reset();
             }
         };
         scoped_clear clear(*this);
 
-        m_batch_manager.initialize();
         m_workers.reset();
-
-        smt_parallel_params pp(ctx.m_params);
-        m_should_run_sls = pp.sls();
-        
+        m_core_minimizer_worker = nullptr;
         scoped_limits sl(m.limit());
         flet<unsigned> _nt(ctx.m_fparams.m_threads, 1);
-        SASSERT(num_threads > 1);
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i)
+        SASSERT(num_workers > 1);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_workers; ++i)
             m_workers.push_back(alloc(worker, i, *this, asms));
         for (auto w : m_workers)
             sl.push_child(&(w->limit()));
-        if (m_should_run_sls) {
+
+        if (num_sls_threads == 1) {
             m_sls_worker = alloc(sls_worker, *this);
             sl.push_child(&(m_sls_worker->limit()));
         }
+        if (num_core_min_threads == 1) {
+            m_core_minimizer_worker = alloc(core_minimizer_worker, *this, asms);
+            sl.push_child(&(m_core_minimizer_worker->limit()));
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_global_bb_threads; ++i) {
+            auto *w = alloc(backbones_worker, i, *this, asms);
+            m_global_backbones_workers.push_back(w);
+            sl.push_child(&(w->limit()));
+        }
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Launched " << m_workers.size() << " CDCL threads, "
+                                       << (m_sls_worker ? 1 : 0) << " SLS threads, "
+                                       << (m_core_minimizer_worker ? 1 : 0) << " core minimizer threads, "
+                                       << m_global_backbones_workers.size() << " global backbone threads.\n";);
 
-        // Launch threads
-        vector<std::thread> threads;
-        threads.resize(m_should_run_sls ? num_threads + 1 : num_threads); // +1 for sls worker
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i)
-            threads[i] = std::thread([&, i]() { m_workers[i]->run(); });
+        m_batch_manager.initialize(num_global_bb_threads);
+
+        auto safe_run = [&](auto&& run_fn, reslimit& lim) {
+            try {
+                run_fn();
+                if (lim.is_canceled())
+                    m_batch_manager.set_canceled();
+            } catch (z3_error &err) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "Exception in parallel solver: " << err.what() << "\n");
+                if (!lim.is_canceled())
+                    m_batch_manager.set_exception(err.error_code());
+                else
+                    m_batch_manager.set_canceled();
+            } catch (z3_exception &ex) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "Exception in parallel solver: " << ex.what() << "\n");
+                if (!lim.is_canceled() && !is_cancellation_exception(ex.what()))
+                    m_batch_manager.set_exception(ex.what());
+                else
+                    m_batch_manager.set_canceled();
+            } catch (...) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "Unknown exception in parallel solver\n");
+                if (!lim.is_canceled())
+                    m_batch_manager.set_exception("unknown exception");
+                else
+                    m_batch_manager.set_canceled();
+            }
+        };
         
-        // the final thread runs the sls worker
-        if (m_should_run_sls)
-            threads[num_threads] = std::thread([&]() { m_sls_worker->run(); });
+        // Launch threads
+        vector<std::thread> threads(total_threads);
+        unsigned thread_idx = 0;
+        for (auto* w : m_workers) 
+            threads[thread_idx++] = std::thread([w, &safe_run]() {
+                safe_run([w]() { w->run(); }, w->limit());
+            });
+        if (m_sls_worker)
+            threads[thread_idx++] = std::thread([this, &safe_run]() {
+                safe_run([this]() { m_sls_worker->run(); }, m_sls_worker->limit());
+            });
+        if (m_core_minimizer_worker)
+            threads[thread_idx++] = std::thread([this, &safe_run]() {
+                safe_run([this]() { m_core_minimizer_worker->run(); }, m_core_minimizer_worker->limit());
+            });
+        for (auto* w : m_global_backbones_workers) 
+            threads[thread_idx++] = std::thread([w, &safe_run]() {
+                safe_run([w]() { w->run(); }, w->limit());
+            });
+
 
         // Wait for all threads to finish
         for (auto &th : threads)
@@ -591,10 +2009,17 @@ namespace smt {
         for (auto w : m_workers)
             w->collect_statistics(ctx.m_aux_stats);
         m_batch_manager.collect_statistics(ctx.m_aux_stats);
-        if (m_should_run_sls)
+        if (m_sls_worker)
             m_sls_worker->collect_statistics(ctx.m_aux_stats);
+        if (m_core_minimizer_worker)
+            m_core_minimizer_worker->collect_statistics(ctx.m_aux_stats);
+        for (auto* bb_w : m_global_backbones_workers)
+            bb_w->collect_statistics(ctx.m_aux_stats);
 
-        return m_batch_manager.get_result();
+        lbool result = m_batch_manager.get_result();
+        if (result == l_undef && !m_batch_manager.get_reason_unknown().empty())
+            ctx.set_reason_unknown(m_batch_manager.get_reason_unknown().c_str());
+        return result;
     }
 
 }  // namespace smt
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_parallel.h b/src/smt/smt_parallel.h
index a9c751aa00..8e5ebcf8f8 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_parallel.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_parallel.h
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ Revision History:
 #include "smt/smt_context.h"
 #include "util/search_tree.h"
 #include "ast/sls/sls_smt_solver.h"
+#include <atomic>
 #include <thread>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <condition_variable>
 
 
 namespace smt {
@@ -30,25 +32,56 @@ namespace smt {
     struct cube_config {
         using literal = expr_ref;
         static bool literal_is_null(expr_ref const& l) { return l == nullptr; }
+        static bool same_atom(expr_ref const& a, expr_ref const& b) {
+            expr* atom_a = a.get();
+            expr* atom_b = b.get();
+            a.get_manager().is_not(atom_a, atom_a);
+            b.get_manager().is_not(atom_b, atom_b);
+            return atom_a == atom_b;
+        }
         static std::ostream& display_literal(std::ostream& out, expr_ref const& l) { return out << mk_bounded_pp(l, l.get_manager()); }
     };
 
     class parallel {
         context& ctx;
-        unsigned num_threads;
-        bool m_should_run_sls = false;
+        class core_minimizer_worker;
+        using node = search_tree::node<cube_config>;
 
         struct shared_clause {
             unsigned source_worker_id;
             expr_ref clause;
         };
 
+        struct bb_candidate {
+            expr_ref lit;
+            double age;
+            unsigned hits;     // how many cubes reported it
+            bb_candidate(ast_manager& m, expr* e, double s, unsigned h) : lit(e, m), age(s), hits(h) {}
+        };
+
+        using bb_candidates = vector<bb_candidate>;
+
+        struct node_lease {
+            node* leased_node = nullptr;
+
+            // Cancellation generation counter for this node/subtree.
+            // Incremented when the node is closed; used to signal that all
+            // workers holding leases on this node (or its descendants)
+            // must abandon work immediately.
+            unsigned cancel_epoch = 0;
+
+            // Guards against multiple inc_cancel() calls for the same lease.
+            // Set when cancel_lease() is signaled; cleared when a new lease is assigned.
+            bool cancel_signaled = false;
+        };
+
         class batch_manager {        
 
             enum state {
                 is_running,
                 is_sat,
                 is_unsat,
+                is_unknown,
                 is_exception_msg,
                 is_exception_code
             };
@@ -56,22 +89,51 @@ namespace smt {
             struct stats {
                 unsigned m_max_cube_depth = 0;
                 unsigned m_num_cubes = 0;
+                unsigned m_backbones_found = 0;
+                unsigned m_core_min_jobs_enqueued = 0;
+                unsigned m_core_min_jobs_published = 0;
+                unsigned m_core_min_jobs_skipped = 0;
+                unsigned m_core_min_global_unsat = 0;
+            };
+            struct core_min_job {
+                node* source = nullptr;
+                expr_ref_vector core;
+                core_min_job(ast_manager& m, node* source) : source(source), core(m) {}
             };
-
-
             ast_manager& m;
             parallel& p;
             std::mutex mux;
             state m_state = state::is_running;
             stats m_stats;
-            using node = search_tree::node<cube_config>;
             search_tree::tree<cube_config> m_search_tree;
+            vector<node_lease> m_worker_leases;
             
             unsigned m_exception_code = 0;
             std::string m_exception_msg;
+            std::string m_reason_unknown;
             vector<shared_clause> shared_clause_trail; // store all shared clauses with worker IDs
             obj_hashtable<expr> shared_clause_set; // for duplicate filtering on per-thread clause expressions
 
+            bb_candidates m_bb_candidates;
+            unsigned m_max_global_bb_candidates = 100;
+            unsigned m_bb_batch_size = 150;
+            obj_hashtable<expr> m_global_backbones;
+            std::atomic<unsigned> m_bb_candidate_epoch = 0;
+
+            // Backbone job queue
+            std::condition_variable m_bb_cv;
+            bb_candidates m_bb_current_batch;
+            unsigned m_bb_batch_id = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_global_bb_threads = 0;
+            unsigned_vector m_bb_last_batch_processed;
+            unsigned m_bb_cancel_epoch = 0; // When a backbone worker finishes early, it increments m_bb_cancel_epoch and notifies all
+
+            // Core minimization job queue
+            std::condition_variable m_core_min_cv;
+            scoped_ptr_vector<core_min_job> m_core_min_jobs;
+            
+            bool m_ablate_backtracking = false;
+
             // called from batch manager to cancel other workers if we've reached a verdict
             void cancel_workers() {
                 IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Canceling workers\n");
@@ -86,32 +148,118 @@ namespace smt {
                 p.m_sls_worker->cancel();
             }
 
-            void cancel_background_threads() {
-                cancel_workers();
-                cancel_sls_worker();  
+            void cancel_backbones_worker() {
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Canceling backbones workers\n");
+                for (auto* w : p.m_global_backbones_workers)
+                    w->cancel();
             }
 
-            void init_parameters_state();
+            std::atomic<bool> m_canceled = false;
+
+            void cancel_background_threads() {
+                if (m_canceled.exchange(true))
+                    return;  // already canceled
+                cancel_workers();
+                cancel_sls_worker();
+                if (!p.m_global_backbones_workers.empty()) {
+                    cancel_backbones_worker();
+                    m_bb_cv.notify_all();
+                }
+                if (p.m_core_minimizer_worker) {
+                    p.m_core_minimizer_worker->cancel();
+                    m_core_min_cv.notify_all();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // to avoid deadlock
+            bool is_global_backbone_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, expr* bb_cand) {
+                expr_ref cand(l2g(bb_cand), l2g.to());
+                return m_global_backbones.contains(cand.get());
+            }
+
+            bool is_global_backbone_or_negation_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, expr* bb_cand) {
+                expr_ref cand(l2g(bb_cand), l2g.to());
+                expr_ref neg_cand(mk_not(l2g.to(), cand), l2g.to());
+                return m_global_backbones.contains(cand.get()) || m_global_backbones.contains(neg_cand.get());
+            }
+
+            void backtrack_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned worker_id, expr_ref_vector const& core,
+                                    node_lease* lease = nullptr, vector<node_lease> const* targets = nullptr);
+            void collect_clause_unlocked(ast_translation &l2g, unsigned source_worker_id, expr *clause);
+            void set_canceled_unlocked();
+            void release_worker_lease_unlocked(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease);
+            bool attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease);
+            void cancel_closed_leases_unlocked(unsigned source_worker_id);
+            void collect_matching_targets_unlocked(node* source, expr* lit, vector<cube_config::literal> const& core,
+                                                   vector<node_lease>& targets);
+            node* find_core_source_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, node* source, expr_ref_vector const& core);
+            unsigned select_best_core_min_job_unlocked() const;
 
         public:
             batch_manager(ast_manager& m, parallel& p) : m(m), p(p), m_search_tree(expr_ref(m)) { }
 
-            void initialize();
+            void initialize(unsigned num_global_bb_threads, unsigned initial_max_thread_conflicts = 1000); // TODO: pass in from worker config
 
             void set_unsat(ast_translation& l2g, expr_ref_vector const& unsat_core);
             void set_sat(ast_translation& l2g, model& m);
+            void set_unknown(std::string const& reason);
+            void set_canceled();
             void set_exception(std::string const& msg);
             void set_exception(unsigned error_code);
             void collect_statistics(::statistics& st) const;
 
-            bool get_cube(ast_translation& g2l, unsigned id, expr_ref_vector& cube, node*& n);
-            void backtrack(ast_translation& l2g, expr_ref_vector const& core, node* n);
-            void split(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned id, node* n, expr* atom);
+            void collect_backbone_candidates(ast_translation& l2g, bb_candidates& bb_candidates);
+            void collect_backbone_evidence(ast_translation& l2g, expr* lit, double delta);
+            bool collect_global_backbone(ast_translation& l2g, expr_ref const& backbone, unsigned source_worker_id = UINT_MAX);
+            bool wait_for_backbone_job(unsigned bb_thread_id, ast_translation& g2l, vector<parallel::bb_candidate>& out, reslimit& lim);
+            bool has_new_backbone_candidates(unsigned epoch) {
+                return m_bb_candidate_epoch.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != epoch;
+            }
+            unsigned get_bb_candidate_epoch() const {
+                return m_bb_candidate_epoch.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+            }
+            expr_ref_vector get_global_backbones_snapshot(ast_translation& g2l) {
+                std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+                expr_ref_vector snapshot(g2l.to());
+                for (expr* gb : m_global_backbones)
+                    snapshot.push_back(g2l(gb));
+                return snapshot;
+            }
+
+            bool get_cube(ast_translation& g2l, unsigned id, expr_ref_vector& cube, bool is_first_run, node_lease& lease);
+            void backtrack(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned worker_id, expr_ref_vector const& core, node_lease& lease);
+            void enqueue_core_minimization(ast_translation& l2g, node* source, expr_ref_vector const& core);
+            bool wait_for_core_min_job(ast_translation& g2l, node*& source,
+                                       expr_ref_vector& core, reslimit& lim);
+            void publish_minimized_core(ast_translation& l2g, expr_ref_vector const& asms, node* source,
+                                        unsigned original_core_size, expr_ref_vector const& minimized_core);
+            void try_split(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease, expr* atom, unsigned effort);
+            bool checkpoint_worker(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease, bool& lease_canceled);
+            bool lease_canceled(node_lease const& lease);
 
             void collect_clause(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned source_worker_id, expr* clause);
             expr_ref_vector return_shared_clauses(ast_translation& g2l, unsigned& worker_limit, unsigned worker_id);
 
             lbool get_result() const;
+            std::string const& get_reason_unknown() const { return m_reason_unknown; }
+
+            bool is_global_backbone_or_negation(ast_translation& l2g, expr* bb_cand) {
+                std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+                return is_global_backbone_or_negation_unlocked(l2g, bb_cand);
+            }
+
+            void cancel_current_backbone_batch() {
+                std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+                m_bb_cancel_epoch++;
+                m_bb_cv.notify_all();
+            }
+
+            unsigned get_cancel_epoch() {
+                std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+                return m_bb_cancel_epoch;
+            }
+
+            lbool check(expr_ref_vector const &asms, context &ctx);
         };
 
         class worker {
@@ -123,14 +271,16 @@ namespace smt {
                 bool m_share_units_initial_only = true;
                 double m_max_conflict_mul = 1.5;
                 bool m_inprocessing = false;
+                bool m_global_backbones = false;
+                bool m_local_backbones = false;
                 bool m_sls = false;
                 unsigned m_inprocessing_delay = 1;
                 unsigned m_max_cube_depth = 20;
                 unsigned m_max_conflicts = UINT_MAX;
+                bool m_core_minimize = false;
+                bool m_ablate_backtracking = false;
             };
 
-            using node = search_tree::node<cube_config>;
-
             unsigned id; // unique identifier for the worker
             parallel& p;
             batch_manager& b;
@@ -141,8 +291,9 @@ namespace smt {
             random_gen m_rand;
             scoped_ptr<context> ctx;
             ast_translation m_g2l, m_l2g;
+            uint_set m_known_units;
 
-            unsigned m_num_shared_units = 0;
+            unsigned m_shared_units_prefix = 0;
             unsigned m_num_initial_atoms = 0;
             unsigned m_shared_clause_limit = 0; // remembers the index into shared_clause_trail marking the boundary between "old" and "new" clauses to share
             
@@ -152,10 +303,14 @@ namespace smt {
             void share_units();
 
             void update_max_thread_conflicts() {
-                m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts = (unsigned)(m_config.m_max_conflict_mul * m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts);
-            } // allow for backoff scheme of conflicts within the thread for cube timeouts.
+                // allow for backoff scheme of conflicts within the thread for cube timeouts.
+                // Use saturating arithmetic to avoid unsigned overflow / undefined behaviour.
+                double next = m_config.m_max_conflict_mul * m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts;
+                m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts = (next >= (double)UINT_MAX) ? UINT_MAX : (unsigned)next;
+            }
 
             void simplify();
+            bb_candidates find_backbone_candidates(unsigned k = 10);
 
         public:
             worker(unsigned id, parallel& p, expr_ref_vector const& _asms);
@@ -164,6 +319,7 @@ namespace smt {
             void collect_shared_clauses();
 
             void cancel();
+            void cancel_lease();
             void collect_statistics(::statistics& st) const;
 
             reslimit& limit() {
@@ -191,16 +347,93 @@ namespace smt {
                 }
         };
 
+        class core_minimizer_worker {
+            batch_manager &b;
+            ast_manager m;
+            expr_ref_vector asms;
+            smt_params m_smt_params;
+            scoped_ptr<context> ctx;
+            ast_translation m_g2l, m_l2g;
+
+            unsigned m_num_core_minimize_calls = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_core_minimize_undef = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_core_minimize_refined = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_core_minimize_lits_removed = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_core_minimize_found_sat = 0;
+            unsigned m_core_minimize_conflict_budget = 5000;
+            unsigned m_shared_clause_limit = 0;
+
+            void minimize_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector& core);
+            void collect_shared_clauses();
+
+        public:
+            core_minimizer_worker(parallel& p, expr_ref_vector const& _asms);
+            void run();
+            void cancel();
+            void collect_statistics(::statistics& st) const;
+            reslimit& limit() { return m.limit(); }
+        };
+
+        class backbones_worker {
+            struct stats {
+                unsigned m_batches_total = 0;
+                unsigned m_candidates_total = 0;
+                unsigned m_singleton_backbones = 0;
+                unsigned m_backbones_detected = 0;
+                unsigned m_internal_backbones_found = 0;
+                unsigned m_retry_backbones_found = 0;
+                unsigned m_bb_retries = 0;
+                unsigned m_fallback_singleton_checks = 0;
+                unsigned m_fallback_reason_chunk_exhausted = 0;
+                unsigned m_fallback_reason_undef = 0;
+                unsigned m_core_refinement_rounds = 0;
+                unsigned m_lits_removed_by_core = 0;
+                unsigned m_num_chunk_increases = 0;
+            };
+
+            enum bb_mode {
+                bb_negated,
+                bb_positive
+            };
+
+            unsigned id; // unique identifier for the worker
+            batch_manager& b;
+            ast_manager m;
+            expr_ref_vector asms;
+            smt_params m_smt_params;
+            scoped_ptr<context> ctx;
+            ast_translation m_g2l, m_l2g;
+            unsigned m_bb_chunk_size = 20;
+            unsigned m_bb_conflicts_per_chunk = 1000;
+            uint_set m_known_units;
+            bool m_use_failed_literal_test;
+            stats m_stats;
+            bb_mode m_mode;
+            unsigned m_shared_clause_limit = 0; // remembers the index into shared_clause_trail marking the boundary between "old" and "new" clauses to share
+            unsigned m_shared_units_prefix = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_initial_atoms = 0;
+            bool try_get_unit_backbone(expr* candidate, expr_ref& backbone);
+            void run_batch_mode();
+            void run_failed_literal_mode();
+            lbool probe_literal(bool_var v, expr *e, bool is_retry);
+        public:
+            backbones_worker(unsigned id, parallel &p, expr_ref_vector const &_asms);
+            void cancel();
+            void collect_statistics(::statistics& st) const;
+            void run();
+            void collect_shared_clauses();
+            reslimit &limit() { return m.limit(); }            
+        };
+
         batch_manager m_batch_manager;
         scoped_ptr_vector<worker> m_workers;
         scoped_ptr<sls_worker> m_sls_worker;
+        scoped_ptr<core_minimizer_worker> m_core_minimizer_worker;
+        scoped_ptr_vector<backbones_worker> m_global_backbones_workers;
 
     public:
         parallel(context& ctx) : 
             ctx(ctx),
-            num_threads(std::min(
-                (unsigned)std::thread::hardware_concurrency(),
-                ctx.get_fparams().m_threads)),
             m_batch_manager(ctx.m, *this) {}
 
         lbool operator()(expr_ref_vector const& asms);
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_quantifier.cpp b/src/smt/smt_quantifier.cpp
index 9cd270f1d5..d6f57da3a8 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_quantifier.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_quantifier.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ Revision History:
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
 #include "ast/quantifier_stat.h"
+#include "ast/euf/ho_matcher.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/var_subst.h"
+#include "ast/well_sorted.h"
+#include "ast/has_free_vars.h"
 #include "smt/smt_quantifier.h"
 #include "smt/smt_context.h"
 #include "smt/smt_model_finder.h"
@@ -26,6 +30,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "smt/smt_quick_checker.h"
 #include "smt/mam.h"
 #include "smt/qi_queue.h"
+#include "util/statistics.h"
 #include "util/obj_hashtable.h"
 
 namespace smt {
@@ -154,7 +159,8 @@ namespace smt {
         }
 
         unsigned get_generation(quantifier * q) const {
-            return get_stat(q)->get_generation();
+            auto* s = m_quantifier_stat.find_core(q);
+            return s ? s->get_data().get_value()->get_generation() : 0;
         }
 
         void add(quantifier * q, unsigned generation) {
@@ -215,9 +221,7 @@ namespace smt {
                     STRACE(triggers,  tout <<", Pat: "<< expr_ref(pat, m()););
                     STRACE(causality, tout <<", Father:";);
                 }
-                for (auto n : used_enodes) {
-                    enode *orig = std::get<0>(n);
-                    enode *substituted = std::get<1>(n);
+                for (auto [orig, substituted] : used_enodes) {
                     (void) substituted;
                     if (orig == nullptr) {
                         STRACE(causality, tout << " #" << substituted->get_owner_id(););
@@ -247,24 +251,19 @@ namespace smt {
                 trace_stream() << "\n";
             } else {
                 std::ostream & out = trace_stream();
-
                 obj_hashtable<enode> already_visited;
-
                 // In the term produced by the quantifier instantiation the root of the equivalence class of the terms bound to the quantified variables
                 // is used. We need to make sure that all of these equalities appear in the log.
                 for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bindings; ++i) {
                     log_justification_to_root(out, bindings[i], already_visited, m_context, m());
                 }
 
-                for (auto n : used_enodes) {
-                    enode *orig = std::get<0>(n);
-                    enode *substituted = std::get<1>(n);
+                for (auto [orig, substituted] : used_enodes) {
                     if (orig != nullptr) {
                         log_justification_to_root(out, orig, already_visited, m_context, m());
                         log_justification_to_root(out, substituted, already_visited, m_context, m());
                     }
                 }
-
                 // At this point all relevant equalities for the match are logged.
                 out << "[new-match] " << f->get_data_hash() << " #" << q->get_id() << " #" << pat->get_id();
                 for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bindings; ++i) {
@@ -285,20 +284,28 @@ namespace smt {
                 out << "\n";
             }
         }
-
+        
         bool add_instance(quantifier * q, app * pat,
                           unsigned num_bindings,
                           enode * const * bindings,
-                          expr* def,
                           unsigned max_generation,
                           unsigned min_top_generation,
                           unsigned max_top_generation,
                           vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> & used_enodes) {
 
+            // Try higher-order refinement first
+            if (pat && m_plugin->refine_instance(q, pat, num_bindings, bindings, max_generation, min_top_generation, max_top_generation, used_enodes))
+                return true;
+
+            if (!m_quantifier_stat.contains(q)) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "add_instance: quantifier not in stat map: " << mk_pp(q, m()) << "\n");
+                return false;
+            }
+
             max_generation = std::max(max_generation, get_generation(q));
             
             get_stat(q)->update_max_generation(max_generation);
-            fingerprint * f = m_context.add_fingerprint(q, q->get_id(), num_bindings, bindings, def);
+            fingerprint * f = m_context.add_fingerprint(q, q->get_id(), num_bindings, bindings);
             if (f) {
                 if (is_trace_enabled(TraceTag::causality)) {
                     log_causality(f,pat,used_enodes);
@@ -472,17 +479,17 @@ namespace smt {
     bool quantifier_manager::add_instance(quantifier * q, app * pat,
                                           unsigned num_bindings,
                                           enode * const * bindings,
-                                          expr* def,
                                           unsigned max_generation,
                                           unsigned min_top_generation,
                                           unsigned max_top_generation,
                                           vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> & used_enodes) {
-        return m_imp->add_instance(q, pat, num_bindings, bindings, def, max_generation, min_top_generation, max_generation, used_enodes);
+        return m_imp->add_instance(q, pat, num_bindings, bindings, max_generation, min_top_generation, max_top_generation, used_enodes);
     }
 
-    bool quantifier_manager::add_instance(quantifier * q, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings, expr* def, unsigned generation) {
+    bool quantifier_manager::add_instance(quantifier * q, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings, unsigned generation) {
         vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> tmp;
-        return add_instance(q, nullptr, num_bindings, bindings, def, generation, generation, generation, tmp);
+        return add_instance(q, nullptr, num_bindings, bindings,
+            generation, generation, generation, tmp);
     }
 
     void quantifier_manager::init_search_eh() {
@@ -569,6 +576,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
     void quantifier_manager::collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const {
         m_imp->m_qi_queue.collect_statistics(st);
+        m_imp->m_plugin->collect_statistics(st);
     }
 
     void quantifier_manager::reset_statistics() {
@@ -599,9 +607,26 @@ namespace smt {
         scoped_ptr<mam>             m_lazy_mam;
         scoped_ptr<model_finder>    m_model_finder;
         scoped_ptr<model_checker>   m_model_checker;
+        scoped_ptr<euf::ho_matcher> m_ho_matcher;
         unsigned                    m_new_enode_qhead;
         unsigned                    m_lazy_matching_idx;
         bool                        m_active;
+
+        // State for higher-order match refinement callback
+        struct ho_match_state {
+            quantifier*  m_q = nullptr;
+            app*         m_pat = nullptr;
+            unsigned     m_num_bindings = 0;
+            enode* const* m_bindings = nullptr;
+            unsigned     m_max_generation = 0;
+            unsigned     m_min_top_generation = 0;
+            unsigned     m_max_top_generation = 0;
+            vector<std::tuple<enode*, enode*>>* m_used_enodes = nullptr;
+            vector<std::pair<quantifier*, expr_ref_vector>> m_matches;
+        };
+        ho_match_state m_ho_state;
+        unsigned       m_stat_ho_refine = 0;    // number of times ho-matching refinement is invoked
+        unsigned       m_stat_ho_instances = 0; // number of instances added via ho-matching
     public:
         default_qm_plugin():
             m_qm(nullptr),
@@ -625,12 +650,111 @@ namespace smt {
 
             m_model_finder->set_context(m_context);
             m_model_checker->set_qm(qm);
+
+            if (m_fparams->m_ho_matching) {
+                m_ho_matcher = alloc(euf::ho_matcher, m, m_context->get_trail_stack());
+                m_ho_matcher->set_max_iterations(m_fparams->m_ho_matching_bound);
+                std::function<void(euf::ho_subst&)> on_match = [this](euf::ho_subst& s) {
+                    on_ho_match(s);
+                };
+                m_ho_matcher->set_on_match(on_match);
+            }
         }
 
         quantifier_manager_plugin * mk_fresh() override { return alloc(default_qm_plugin); }
 
+        void on_ho_match(euf::ho_subst &s) {
+            auto &st = m_ho_state;
+            auto *hoq = st.m_q;
+            auto *q = m_ho_matcher->hoq2q(hoq);
+            auto const &binding = s.get_binding(q);
+            st.m_matches.push_back({ q, binding });
+        }
+
+        void consume_ho_matches() {
+            for (auto const &[q, binding] : m_ho_state.m_matches) 
+                consume_ho_match(q, binding);            
+            m_ho_state.m_matches.reset();
+        }
+
+        void consume_ho_match(quantifier * q, expr_ref_vector const& binding) {
+            auto &st = m_ho_state;
+            // Create enodes for the refined bindings and add instance
+            ptr_buffer<enode> new_bindings;
+            unsigned max_gen = st.m_max_generation;
+            TRACE(ho_matching, tout << binding << "\n");
+            for (expr* e : binding) {
+                if (!e)
+                    return; // incomplete binding
+                if (has_free_vars(e))
+                    return;
+                if (!m_context->e_internalized(e)) {
+                    m_context->internalize(e, false);
+                }
+                enode* n = m_context->get_enode(e);
+                new_bindings.push_back(n);
+                unsigned gen = m_context->get_generation(n);
+                if (gen > max_gen)
+                    max_gen = gen;
+            }
+
+            TRACE(ho_matching, 
+                ast_manager &m = m_context->get_manager();
+                tout << "ho_match refined for " << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n";
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < new_bindings.size(); ++i)
+                    tout << "  binding[" << i << "] = " << mk_bounded_pp(new_bindings[i]->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
+
+            vector<std::tuple<enode*, enode*>> used_enodes;
+            m_context->add_instance(q, nullptr, new_bindings.size(), new_bindings.data(),
+                                    max_gen, st.m_min_top_generation, st.m_max_top_generation, used_enodes);
+            ++m_stat_ho_instances;
+        }
+
+        bool try_ho_refine(quantifier* qa, app* pat, unsigned num_bindings, enode* const* bindings,
+                           unsigned max_generation, unsigned min_top_gen, unsigned max_top_gen,
+                           vector<std::tuple<enode*, enode*>>& used_enodes) {
+            if (!m_ho_matcher || !m_ho_matcher->is_ho_pattern(pat))
+                return false;
+
+            ast_manager& m = m_context->get_manager();
+            expr_ref_vector s(m);
+            // With var_subst(std_order=true): var idx maps to s[s.size()-idx-1]
+            // SMT MAM bindings: bindings[i] = var at index (num_bindings-1-i)
+            // So bindings[i] corresponds to s[i] with std_order
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bindings; ++i)
+                s.push_back(bindings[i]->get_expr());
+
+            m_ho_state.m_q = qa;
+            m_ho_state.m_pat = pat;
+            m_ho_state.m_num_bindings = num_bindings;
+            m_ho_state.m_bindings = bindings;
+            m_ho_state.m_max_generation = max_generation;
+            m_ho_state.m_min_top_generation = min_top_gen;
+            m_ho_state.m_max_top_generation = max_top_gen;
+            m_ho_state.m_used_enodes = &used_enodes;
+            m_ho_state.m_matches.reset();
+
+            IF_VERBOSE(10, verbose_stream() << "try_ho_refine: q=" << mk_pp(qa, m) << "\n  pat=" << mk_pp(pat, m) << "\n";
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bindings; ++i)
+                    verbose_stream() << "  s[" << i << "] = " << mk_pp(s.get(i), m) << " sort=" << mk_pp(s.get(i)->get_sort(), m) << "\n";);
+
+            m_ho_matcher->refine_ho_match(pat, s);
+            consume_ho_matches();
+            ++m_stat_ho_refine;
+            return true;
+        }
+
         bool model_based() const override { return m_fparams->m_mbqi; }
 
+        void collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const override {
+            if (m_fparams->m_ho_matching) {
+                st.update("ho-matching refinements", m_stat_ho_refine);
+                st.update("ho-matching instances", m_stat_ho_instances);
+            }
+            if (m_model_finder)
+                m_model_finder->collect_statistics(st);
+        }
+
         bool mbqi_enabled(quantifier *q) const override {
             if (!m_fparams->m_mbqi_id) return true;
             const symbol &s = q->get_qid();
@@ -656,13 +780,13 @@ namespace smt {
         void push() override {
             m_mam->push_scope();
             m_lazy_mam->push_scope();
-            m_model_finder->push_scope();            
+            m_model_finder->push_scope();   
         }
 
         void pop(unsigned num_scopes) override {
             m_mam->pop_scope(num_scopes);
             m_lazy_mam->pop_scope(num_scopes);
-            m_model_finder->pop_scope(num_scopes);            
+            m_model_finder->pop_scope(num_scopes);
         }
 
         void init_search_eh() override {
@@ -704,6 +828,14 @@ namespace smt {
                     TRACE(quantifier, tout << "adding:\n" << expr_ref(mp, m) << "\n";);
                     m_mam->add_pattern(q, mp);
                 }
+                // Compile HO pattern and also register the compiled version with MAM
+                if (m_ho_matcher) {
+                    auto [q1, p1] = m_ho_matcher->compile_ho_pattern(q, mp);
+                    if (p1 != mp) {
+                        IF_VERBOSE(10, verbose_stream() << "ho_matching: q=" << q->get_qid() << " p1= " << mk_pp(p1, m) << "\n");
+                        m_lazy_mam->add_pattern(q1, p1);
+                    }
+                }
                 if (!unary)
                     j++;
             }
@@ -713,6 +845,13 @@ namespace smt {
             return m_fparams->m_ematching && !m_qm->empty();
         }
 
+
+        bool refine_instance(quantifier* q, app* pat, unsigned num_bindings, enode* const* bindings,
+                             unsigned max_generation, unsigned min_top_generation, unsigned max_top_generation,
+                             vector<std::tuple<enode*, enode*>>& used_enodes) override {
+            return try_ho_refine(q, pat, num_bindings, bindings, max_generation, min_top_generation, max_top_generation, used_enodes);
+        }
+
         void add_eq_eh(enode * e1, enode * e2) override {
             if (use_ematching())
                 m_mam->add_eq_eh(e1, e2);
@@ -726,7 +865,9 @@ namespace smt {
         }
 
         bool can_propagate() const override {
-            return m_active && m_mam->has_work();
+            bool r = m_active && m_mam->has_work();
+            IF_VERBOSE(11, if (r) verbose_stream() << "ho_matching: can_propagate=true\n");
+            return r;
         }
 
         void restart_eh() override {
@@ -814,4 +955,4 @@ namespace smt {
         return alloc(default_qm_plugin);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_quantifier.h b/src/smt/smt_quantifier.h
index 981647606a..d2c67a286b 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_quantifier.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_quantifier.h
@@ -60,12 +60,11 @@ namespace smt {
         bool add_instance(quantifier * q, app * pat,
                           unsigned num_bindings,
                           enode * const * bindings,
-                          expr* def,
                           unsigned max_generation,
                           unsigned min_top_generation,
                           unsigned max_top_generation,
                           vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> & used_enodes /*gives the equalities used for the pattern match, see mam.cpp for more info*/);
-        bool add_instance(quantifier * q, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings, expr* def, unsigned generation = 0);
+        bool add_instance(quantifier * q, unsigned num_bindings, enode * const * bindings, unsigned generation = 0);
 
         void init_search_eh();
         void assign_eh(quantifier * q);
@@ -178,8 +177,16 @@ namespace smt {
         virtual void push() = 0;
         virtual void pop(unsigned num_scopes) = 0;
 
+        /**
+           \brief Try to refine a match using higher-order matching.
+           Returns true if the pattern was an HO pattern and refinement was attempted.
+           In that case, the plugin handles adding instances via the refined bindings.
+        */
+        virtual bool refine_instance(quantifier* q, app* pat, unsigned num_bindings, enode* const* bindings,
+                                     unsigned max_generation, unsigned min_top_generation, unsigned max_top_generation,
+                                     vector<std::tuple<enode*, enode*>>& used_enodes) { return false; }
 
+        virtual void collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const {}
 
     };
-};
-
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_quick_checker.cpp b/src/smt/smt_quick_checker.cpp
index c1b3a7a37d..34f6b3843f 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_quick_checker.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_quick_checker.cpp
@@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ namespace smt {
                     TRACE(quick_checker, tout << "found new candidate\n";);
                     TRACE(quick_checker_sizes, tout << "found new candidate\n"; 
                           for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_num_bindings; ++i) tout << "#" << m_bindings[i]->get_owner_id() << " "; tout << "\n";);
-                    unsigned max_generation = get_max_generation(m_num_bindings, m_bindings.data());
-                    if (m_context.add_instance(q, nullptr /* no pattern was used */, m_num_bindings, m_bindings.data(), nullptr, 
+                    unsigned max_generation = m_context.get_max_generation(m_num_bindings, m_bindings.data());
+                    if (m_context.add_instance(q, nullptr /* no pattern was used */, m_num_bindings, m_bindings.data(),
                                                max_generation,
                                                0,  // min_top_generation is only available for instances created by the MAM
                                                0,  // max_top_generation is only available for instances created by the MAM
@@ -404,5 +404,5 @@ namespace smt {
         return new_expr;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_quick_checker.h b/src/smt/smt_quick_checker.h
index 8c8fd6c81f..b152ecd6d5 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_quick_checker.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_quick_checker.h
@@ -98,6 +98,6 @@ namespace smt {
         bool instantiate_not_sat(quantifier * q);
         bool instantiate_not_sat(quantifier * q, unsigned num_candidates, expr * const * candidates);
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_relevancy.cpp b/src/smt/smt_relevancy.cpp
index 720eac6c22..0a7db2cb94 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_relevancy.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_relevancy.cpp
@@ -141,6 +141,13 @@ namespace smt {
         typedef list<relevancy_eh *>   relevancy_ehs;
         obj_map<expr, relevancy_ehs *> m_relevant_ehs;
         obj_map<expr, relevancy_ehs *> m_watches[2];
+        // Over-approximating membership filter for m_watches: contains a superset
+        // of the expr ids that have (or ever had) a watch list for the given phase.
+        // It is monotonic (never cleared on erase/pop), so it can only yield false
+        // positives, never false negatives. This lets get_watches() skip the
+        // obj_map pointer-hash probe for the common unwatched-literal case at the
+        // assign_eh hotspot.
+        uint_set                       m_is_watched[2];
         struct eh_trail {
             enum class kind { POS_WATCH, NEG_WATCH, HANDLER };
             kind   m_kind;
@@ -185,17 +192,23 @@ namespace smt {
         }
 
         relevancy_ehs * get_watches(expr * n, bool val) {
+            unsigned idx = val ? 1 : 0;
+            if (!m_is_watched[idx].contains(n->get_id()))
+                return nullptr;
             relevancy_ehs * r = nullptr;
-            m_watches[val ? 1 : 0].find(n, r);
-            SASSERT(m_watches[val ? 1 : 0].contains(n) || r == 0);
+            m_watches[idx].find(n, r);
+            SASSERT(m_watches[idx].contains(n) || r == 0);
             return r;
         }
 
         void set_watches(expr * n, bool val, relevancy_ehs * ehs) {
+            unsigned idx = val ? 1 : 0;
             if (ehs == nullptr)
-                m_watches[val ? 1 : 0].erase(n);
-            else
-                m_watches[val ? 1 : 0].insert(n, ehs);
+                m_watches[idx].erase(n);
+            else {
+                m_watches[idx].insert(n, ehs);
+                m_is_watched[idx].insert(n->get_id());
+            }
         }
 
         void push_trail(eh_trail const & t) {
@@ -254,7 +267,7 @@ namespace smt {
             }
         }
         
-        bool is_relevant_core(expr * n) const { return m_is_relevant.contains(n->get_id()); }
+        bool is_relevant_core(expr * n) const { SASSERT(n); return m_is_relevant.contains(n->get_id()); }
         
         bool is_relevant(expr * n) const override {
             return !enabled() || is_relevant_core(n);
@@ -720,6 +733,6 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     relevancy_propagator * mk_relevancy_propagator(context & ctx) { return alloc(relevancy_propagator_imp, ctx); }
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_relevancy.h b/src/smt/smt_relevancy.h
index 4827fffcb8..8bd7f7b95b 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_relevancy.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_relevancy.h
@@ -196,6 +196,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
     relevancy_propagator * mk_relevancy_propagator(context & ctx);
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_setup.cpp b/src/smt/smt_setup.cpp
index a27bc99f29..f13eed6fbc 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_setup.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_setup.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "smt/theory_pb.h"
 #include "smt/theory_fpa.h"
 #include "smt/theory_polymorphism.h"
+#include "smt/theory_finite_set.h"
 
 namespace smt {
 
@@ -784,6 +785,10 @@ namespace smt {
         m_context.register_plugin(alloc(smt::theory_char, m_context));        
     }
 
+    void setup::setup_finite_set() {
+        m_context.register_plugin(alloc(smt::theory_finite_set, m_context));
+    }
+
     void setup::setup_special_relations() {
         m_context.register_plugin(alloc(smt::theory_special_relations, m_context, m_manager));
     }
@@ -807,6 +812,7 @@ namespace smt {
         setup_dl();
         setup_seq_str(st);
         setup_fpa();
+        setup_finite_set();
         setup_special_relations();
         setup_polymorphism();
         setup_relevancy(st);
@@ -839,6 +845,7 @@ namespace smt {
             setup_bv();
             setup_dl();
             setup_seq_str(st);
+            setup_finite_set();
             setup_fpa();
             setup_recfuns();
             setup_special_relations();
@@ -934,6 +941,6 @@ namespace smt {
         setup_unknown();
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_setup.h b/src/smt/smt_setup.h
index 3d2bf47f30..ce00baf679 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_setup.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_setup.h
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void setup_seq_str(static_features const & st);
         void setup_seq();
         void setup_char();
+        void setup_finite_set();
         void setup_card();
         void setup_sls();
         void setup_i_arith();
@@ -123,6 +124,6 @@ namespace smt {
         symbol const & get_logic() const { return m_logic; }
         void operator()(config_mode cm);
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_solver.cpp b/src/smt/smt_solver.cpp
index e82f4277c6..393fff202a 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_solver.cpp
@@ -22,12 +22,15 @@ Notes:
 #include "ast/for_each_expr.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/func_decl_dependencies.h"
+#include "smt/smt_context.h"
 #include "smt/smt_kernel.h"
 #include "params/smt_params.h"
 #include "params/smt_params_helper.hpp"
 #include "solver/solver_na2as.h"
 #include "solver/mus.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 namespace {
 
     class smt_solver : public solver_na2as {
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ namespace {
         smt_params           m_smt_params;
         smt::kernel          m_context;
         cuber*               m_cuber;
+        random_gen           m_rand;
         symbol               m_logic;
         bool                 m_minimizing_core;
         bool                 m_core_extend_patterns;
@@ -84,16 +88,19 @@ namespace {
             updt_params(p);
         }
 
-        solver * translate(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) override {
-            ast_translation translator(get_manager(), m);
+        solver * translate(ast_manager & target, params_ref const & p) override {
+            ast_translation translator(get_manager(), target);
+            params_ref init;
+            init.copy(get_params());
+            init.copy(p);
 
-            smt_solver * result = alloc(smt_solver, m, p, m_logic);
+            smt_solver* result = alloc(smt_solver, target, init, m_logic);
             smt::kernel::copy(m_context, result->m_context, true);
 
-            if (mc0()) 
+            if (mc0())
                 result->set_model_converter(mc0()->translate(translator));
 
-            for (auto & [k, v] : m_name2assertion) {
+            for (auto& [k, v] : m_name2assertion) {
                 expr* val = translator(k);
                 expr* key = translator(v);
                 result->assert_expr(val, key);
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ namespace {
             insert_ctrl_c(r);
         }
 
-        void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override {
+        void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override {
             m_context.collect_statistics(st);
         }
 
@@ -212,6 +219,97 @@ namespace {
             return m_context.get_trail(max_level);
         }
 
+        expr_ref_vector get_assigned_literals() override {
+            expr_ref_vector result(m);
+            auto const& ctx = m_context.get_context();
+            for (auto lit : ctx.assigned_literals()) {
+                expr* atom = ctx.bool_var2expr(lit.var());
+                if (!atom)
+                    continue;
+                result.push_back(lit.sign() ? m.mk_not(atom) : atom);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        unsigned get_assign_level(expr* e) const override {
+            auto const& ctx = m_context.get_context();
+            get_manager().is_not(e, e);
+            if (!ctx.b_internalized(e))
+                return UINT_MAX;
+            return ctx.get_assign_level(ctx.get_bool_var(e));
+        }
+
+        bool is_relevant(expr* e) const override {
+            auto const& ctx = m_context.get_context();
+            get_manager().is_not(e, e);
+            return ctx.b_internalized(e) && ctx.is_relevant(e);
+        }
+
+        unsigned get_num_bool_vars() const override {
+            return m_context.get_context().get_num_bool_vars();
+        }
+
+        sat::bool_var get_bool_var(expr* e) const override {
+            auto const& ctx = m_context.get_context();
+            get_manager().is_not(e, e);
+            return ctx.b_internalized(e) ? ctx.get_bool_var(e) : sat::null_bool_var;
+        }
+
+        void pop_to_base_level() override {
+            m_context.pop_to_base_level();
+        }
+
+        void setup_for_parallel() override {
+            m_context.get_context().setup_for_parallel();
+        }
+
+        void set_preprocess(bool f) override {
+            m_context.set_preprocess(f);
+        }
+
+        void set_max_conflicts(unsigned max_conflicts) override {
+            auto& ctx = m_context.get_context();
+            ctx.get_fparams().m_max_conflicts = max_conflicts;
+        }
+
+        unsigned get_max_conflicts() const override {
+            return m_context.get_context().get_fparams().m_max_conflicts;
+        }
+
+        void get_backbone_candidates(vector<solver::scored_literal>& candidates, unsigned max_num) override {
+            ast_manager& m = get_manager();
+            auto& ctx = m_context.get_context();
+            unsigned curr_time = ctx.get_num_assignments();
+            vector<solver::scored_literal> all;
+
+            for (unsigned v = 0; v < ctx.get_num_bool_vars(); ++v) {
+                if (ctx.get_assignment(v) != l_undef && ctx.get_assign_level(v) == ctx.get_base_level())
+                    continue;
+
+                expr* candidate = ctx.bool_var2expr(v);
+                if (!candidate)
+                    continue;
+
+                auto const& d = ctx.get_bdata(v);
+                if (d.m_phase_available && !d.m_phase)
+                    candidate = m.mk_not(candidate);
+
+                double age = static_cast<double>(curr_time - ctx.get_birthdate(v));
+                all.push_back(solver::scored_literal(m, candidate, age));
+            }
+
+            std::stable_sort(
+                all.begin(),
+                all.end(),
+                [](solver::scored_literal const& a, solver::scored_literal const& b) {
+                    return a.score > b.score;
+                });
+
+            unsigned n = std::min<unsigned>(max_num, all.size());
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+                candidates.push_back(all[i]);
+        }
+
         void register_on_clause(void* ctx, user_propagator::on_clause_eh_t& on_clause) override {
             m_context.register_on_clause(ctx, on_clause);
         }
@@ -368,6 +466,39 @@ namespace {
             return lits;
         }
 
+        expr_ref cube_vsids(expr_ref_vector const& invalid_split_atoms) override {
+            ast_manager& m = get_manager();
+            auto& ctx = m_context.get_context();
+            obj_hashtable<expr> invalid_split_atoms_set;
+            for (expr* e : invalid_split_atoms) {
+                expr* atom = e;
+                m.is_not(e, atom);
+                invalid_split_atoms_set.insert(atom);
+            }
+            expr_ref result(m);
+            double score = 0.0;
+            unsigned n = 0;
+
+            ctx.pop_to_search_level();
+            for (unsigned v = 0; v < ctx.get_num_bool_vars(); ++v) {
+                if (ctx.get_assignment(v) != l_undef)
+                    continue;
+                expr* e = ctx.bool_var2expr(v);
+                if (!e)
+                    continue;
+                expr* atom = e;
+                m.is_not(e, atom);
+                if (invalid_split_atoms_set.contains(atom))
+                    continue;
+                double new_score = ctx.get_activity(v);
+                if (new_score > score || !result || (new_score == score && m_rand(++n) == 0)) {
+                    score = new_score;
+                    result = e;
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
         struct collect_fds_proc {
             ast_manager & m;
             func_decl_set & m_fds;
@@ -537,4 +668,3 @@ public:
 solver_factory * mk_smt_solver_factory() {
     return alloc(smt_solver_factory);
 }
-
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_statistics.cpp b/src/smt/smt_statistics.cpp
index 95acd48191..10c65401ac 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_statistics.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_statistics.cpp
@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ namespace smt {
         memset(this, 0, sizeof(statistics));
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_statistics.h b/src/smt/smt_statistics.h
index ce773864a8..831cf67b04 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_statistics.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_statistics.h
@@ -45,13 +45,14 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned m_num_checks;
         unsigned m_num_simplifications;
         unsigned m_num_del_clauses;
+        unsigned m_num_assignments;
         statistics() {
             reset();
         }
         
         void reset();
     };
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_theory.cpp b/src/smt/smt_theory.cpp
index 4b3a53bafd..cba15a0f33 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_theory.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_theory.cpp
@@ -152,7 +152,8 @@ namespace smt {
         expr_ref e(_e, m);
         bool is_not = m.is_not(_e, _e);
         if (!ctx.e_internalized(_e)) {
-            ctx.internalize(_e, is_quantifier(_e));
+            auto n = ctx.non_ground_internalize(_e);
+            _e = n->get_expr();            
         }
         literal lit = ctx.get_literal(_e);
         ctx.mark_as_relevant(lit);
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ namespace smt {
         log_axiom_instantiation(mk_or(fmls));
     }
 
-    void theory::log_axiom_instantiation(app * r, unsigned axiom_id, unsigned num_bindings, app * const * bindings, unsigned pattern_id, const vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> & used_enodes) {
+    void theory::log_axiom_instantiation(app * r, unsigned axiom_id, unsigned num_bindings, expr * const * bindings, unsigned pattern_id, const vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> & used_enodes) {
         ast_manager & m = get_manager();   
         SASSERT(r->get_ref_count() > 0);
         std::ostream& out = m.trace_stream();
@@ -261,5 +262,5 @@ namespace smt {
         return get_th_var(ctx.get_enode(e));
     }
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_theory.h b/src/smt/smt_theory.h
index 7050e27ddb..79d8629e51 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_theory.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_theory.h
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ namespace smt {
            \brief This method is invoked when the theory application n
            is marked as relevant.
          */
-        virtual void relevant_eh(app * n) {
+        virtual void relevant_eh(expr * n) {
         }
         
         /**
@@ -428,12 +428,14 @@ namespace smt {
 
         smt_params const& get_fparams() const;
 
+        virtual void updt_params() {}
+
         enode * get_enode(theory_var v) const {
             SASSERT(v < static_cast<int>(m_var2enode.size()));
             return m_var2enode[v];
         }
 
-        app * get_expr(theory_var v) const {
+        expr * get_expr(theory_var v) const {
             return get_enode(v)->get_expr();
         }
 
@@ -480,11 +482,11 @@ namespace smt {
 
     protected:
         void log_axiom_instantiation(app * r, unsigned axiom_id = UINT_MAX, unsigned num_bindings = 0, 
-                                     app * const * bindings = nullptr, unsigned pattern_id = UINT_MAX, 
+                                     expr * const * bindings = nullptr, unsigned pattern_id = UINT_MAX, 
                                      const vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> & used_enodes = vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode*>>());
 
         void log_axiom_instantiation(expr * r, unsigned axiom_id = UINT_MAX, unsigned num_bindings = 0, 
-                                     app * const * bindings = nullptr, unsigned pattern_id = UINT_MAX, 
+                                     expr * const * bindings = nullptr, unsigned pattern_id = UINT_MAX, 
                                      const vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> & used_enodes = vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode*>>()) { 
             log_axiom_instantiation(to_app(r), axiom_id, num_bindings, bindings, pattern_id, used_enodes); 
         }
@@ -653,6 +655,6 @@ namespace smt {
         virtual bool is_fixed_propagated(theory_var v, expr_ref& val, literal_vector & explain) { return false; }
     };
     
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_types.h b/src/smt/smt_types.h
index 4b7fc4cc76..f8cff938f4 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_types.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_types.h
@@ -72,6 +72,6 @@ namespace smt {
 // if defined, then clauses have an extra mask field used to optimize backward subsumption, and backward/forward subsumption resolution.
 #define APPROX_LIT_SET
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_value_sort.h b/src/smt/smt_value_sort.h
index 979afebf2d..e477a0b723 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_value_sort.h
+++ b/src/smt/smt_value_sort.h
@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
     bool is_value_sort(ast_manager& m, expr* e);
     
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/tactic/smt_tactic_core.cpp b/src/smt/tactic/smt_tactic_core.cpp
index 69d38a35bb..ddef907a81 100644
--- a/src/smt/tactic/smt_tactic_core.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/tactic/smt_tactic_core.cpp
@@ -429,18 +429,26 @@ static tactic * mk_seq_smt_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const & p) {
 
 
 tactic * mk_parallel_smt_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) {
+    parallel_params pp(p);
     return mk_parallel_tactic(mk_smt_solver(m, p, symbol::null), p);
 }
 
 tactic * mk_smt_tactic_core(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, symbol const& logic) {
     parallel_params pp(p);
-    return pp.enable() ? mk_parallel_tactic(mk_smt_solver(m, p, logic), p) : mk_seq_smt_tactic(m, p);
+    if (pp.enable())
+        return mk_parallel_tactic(mk_smt_solver(m, p, logic), p);
+    return mk_seq_smt_tactic(m, p);
 }
 
 tactic * mk_smt_tactic_core_using(ast_manager& m, bool auto_config, params_ref const& _p) {
     parallel_params pp(_p);
     params_ref p = _p;
     p.set_bool("auto_config", auto_config);
-    return using_params(pp.enable() ? mk_parallel_smt_tactic(m, p) : mk_seq_smt_tactic(m, p), p);
+    tactic *t = nullptr;
+    if (pp.enable())
+        t = mk_parallel_smt_tactic(m, p);
+    else
+        t = mk_seq_smt_tactic(m, p);
+    return using_params(t, p);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith.cpp b/src/smt/theory_arith.cpp
index 6aee87408c..b97615c3e1 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith.cpp
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ namespace smt {
     // template class theory_arith<smi_ext>;
 
     template class smt::theory_arith<inf_ext>;    
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith.h b/src/smt/theory_arith.h
index 13e7a09867..6b9a7dc75d 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith.h
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
         bool has_var(expr * v) const { return get_context().e_internalized(v) && get_context().get_enode(v)->get_th_var(get_id()) != null_theory_var; }
         theory_var expr2var(expr * v) const { SASSERT(get_context().e_internalized(v)); return get_context().get_enode(v)->get_th_var(get_id()); }
-        expr * var2expr(theory_var v) const { return get_enode(v)->get_expr(); }
+        expr * var2expr(theory_var v) const { return get_expr(v); }
         bool reflection_enabled() const;
         bool reflect(app * n) const;
         unsigned lazy_pivoting_lvl() const { return m_params.m_arith_lazy_pivoting_lvl; }
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void push_scope_eh() override;
         void pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) override;
 
-        void relevant_eh(app * n) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr * n) override;
         
         void restart_eh() override;
         void init_search_eh() override;
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ namespace smt {
            \brief A monomial is 'pure' if does not have a numeric coefficient.
         */
         bool is_pure_monomial(expr * m) const;
-        bool is_pure_monomial(theory_var v) const { return is_pure_monomial(get_enode(v)->get_expr()); }
+        bool is_pure_monomial(theory_var v) const { return is_pure_monomial(get_expr(v)); }
         void mark_var(theory_var v, svector<theory_var> & vars, var_set & already_found);
         void mark_dependents(theory_var v, svector<theory_var> & vars, var_set & already_found, row_set & already_visited_rows);
         void get_non_linear_cluster(svector<theory_var> & vars);
@@ -1277,6 +1277,6 @@ namespace smt {
     // typedef theory_arith<smi_ext> theory_smi_arith;
 
     
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith_aux.h b/src/smt/theory_arith_aux.h
index d4818cec86..553e945967 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith_aux.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith_aux.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 result_map[it->m_var] = -1;
             }
         }
-    };
+    }
     
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
     /**
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ namespace smt {
     expr_ref theory_arith<Ext>::mk_gt(theory_var v) {
         ast_manager& m = get_manager();
         inf_numeral const& val = get_value(v);
-        expr* obj = get_enode(v)->get_expr();
+        expr* obj = get_expr(v);
         expr_ref e(m);
         rational r = val.get_rational();
         if (m_util.is_int(obj->get_sort())) {
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ namespace smt {
     expr_ref theory_arith<Ext>::mk_ge(generic_model_converter& fm, theory_var v, inf_numeral const& val) {
         ast_manager& m = get_manager();
         std::ostringstream strm;
-        strm << val << " <= " << mk_pp(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), get_manager());
+        strm << val << " <= " << mk_pp(get_expr(v), get_manager());
         app* b = m.mk_const(symbol(strm.str()), m.mk_bool_sort());
         expr_ref result(b, m);
         TRACE(opt, tout << result << "\n";);
@@ -1799,7 +1799,7 @@ namespace smt {
     */
     template<typename Ext>
    typename theory_arith<Ext>::max_min_t theory_arith<Ext>::max_min(theory_var v, bool max, bool maintain_integrality, bool& has_shared) {
-        expr* e = get_enode(v)->get_expr();
+        expr* e = get_expr(v);
         (void)e;
         SASSERT(!maintain_integrality || valid_assignment());
         SASSERT(satisfy_bounds());
@@ -2179,8 +2179,8 @@ namespace smt {
         TRACE(shared, tout << ctx.get_scope_level() << " " <<  v << " " << r->get_num_parents() << "\n";);
         for (; it != end; ++it) {
             enode * parent = *it;
-            app *   o = parent->get_expr();
-            if (o->get_family_id() == get_id()) {
+            app*   o = parent->get_app();
+            if (parent->get_family_id() == get_id()) {
                 switch (o->get_decl_kind()) {
                 case OP_DIV:
                 case OP_IDIV:
@@ -2295,6 +2295,6 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 #endif
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith_core.h b/src/smt/theory_arith_core.h
index 498fa03f4c..2c352a6a25 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith_core.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith_core.h
@@ -1381,18 +1381,19 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     template<typename Ext>
-    void theory_arith<Ext>::relevant_eh(app * n) {
+    void theory_arith<Ext>::relevant_eh(expr * n) {
         TRACE(arith_relevant_eh, tout << "relevant_eh: " << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
-        if (m_util.is_mod(n))
-            mk_idiv_mod_axioms(n->get_arg(0), n->get_arg(1));
-        else if (m_util.is_rem(n))
-            mk_rem_axiom(n->get_arg(0), n->get_arg(1));
-        else if (m_util.is_div(n))
-            mk_div_axiom(n->get_arg(0), n->get_arg(1));
+        expr* x = nullptr, *y = nullptr;
+        if (m_util.is_mod(n, x, y))
+            mk_idiv_mod_axioms(x, y);
+        else if (m_util.is_rem(n, x, y))
+            mk_rem_axiom(x, y);
+        else if (m_util.is_div(n, x, y))
+            mk_div_axiom(x, y);
         else if (m_util.is_to_int(n))
-            mk_to_int_axiom(n);
+            mk_to_int_axiom(to_app(n));
         else if (m_util.is_is_int(n))
-            mk_is_int_axiom(n);
+            mk_is_int_axiom(to_app(n));
     }
 
     template<typename Ext>
@@ -1451,8 +1452,8 @@ namespace smt {
 
     template<typename Ext>
     void theory_arith<Ext>::new_diseq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
-        TRACE(arith_new_diseq_eh, tout << mk_bounded_pp(get_enode(v1)->get_expr(), m) << "\n" <<
-              mk_bounded_pp(get_enode(v2)->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
+        TRACE(arith_new_diseq_eh, tout << mk_bounded_pp(get_expr(v1), m) << "\n" <<
+              mk_bounded_pp(get_expr(v2), m) << "\n";);
         m_stats.m_assert_diseq++;
         m_arith_eq_adapter.new_diseq_eh(v1, v2);
     }
@@ -3569,5 +3570,5 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith_eq.h b/src/smt/theory_arith_eq.h
index b983475778..45dab16bfc 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith_eq.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith_eq.h
@@ -346,6 +346,6 @@ namespace smt {
               tout << enode_pp(_x, ctx) << " = " << enode_pp(_y, ctx) << "\n";);
         ctx.assign_eq(_x, _y, eq_justification(js));
     }
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith_int.h b/src/smt/theory_arith_int.h
index 8c70ac66f5..e1ea198e17 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith_int.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith_int.h
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ namespace smt {
               tout << "k = " << k << ", _k = "<< _k << std::endl;
               );
         expr_ref bound(m);
-        expr* e = get_enode(v)->get_expr();
+        expr* e = get_expr(v);
         bound  = m_util.mk_ge(e, m_util.mk_numeral(_k, m_util.is_int(e)));
         context & ctx = get_context();
         {
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ namespace smt {
         for (; it != end; ++it) {
             if (!it->is_dead() && it->m_var != b && is_free(it->m_var)) {
                 theory_var v  = it->m_var;
-                expr* e = get_enode(v)->get_expr();
+                expr* e = get_expr(v);
                 bool _is_int = m_util.is_int(e);
                 expr_ref bound(m_util.mk_ge(e, m_util.mk_numeral(rational::zero(), _is_int)), get_manager());
                 context & ctx = get_context();
@@ -629,9 +629,9 @@ namespace smt {
             }
             rational _k = k.to_rational();
             if (is_lower)
-                bound = m_util.mk_ge(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), m_util.mk_numeral(_k, is_int(v)));
+                bound = m_util.mk_ge(get_expr(v), m_util.mk_numeral(_k, is_int(v)));
             else
-                bound = m_util.mk_le(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), m_util.mk_numeral(_k, is_int(v)));
+                bound = m_util.mk_le(get_expr(v), m_util.mk_numeral(_k, is_int(v)));
         }
         else { 
             if (num_ints > 0) {
@@ -1110,6 +1110,6 @@ namespace smt {
         return m_liberal_final_check || !m_changed_assignment ? FC_DONE : FC_CONTINUE;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith_inv.h b/src/smt/theory_arith_inv.h
index f69d69d2f7..0b52ef7f17 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith_inv.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith_inv.h
@@ -229,6 +229,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
 #endif
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith_nl.h b/src/smt/theory_arith_nl.h
index 1fd80c365b..30cc8cbac2 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith_nl.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith_nl.h
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ theory_var theory_arith<Ext>::find_nl_var_for_branching() {
         bool computed_epsilon = false;
         bool r = check_monomial_assignment(v, computed_epsilon);
         if (!r) {
-            expr * m = get_enode(v)->get_expr();
+            expr * m = get_expr(v);
             SASSERT(is_pure_monomial(m));
             for (expr * arg : *to_app(m)) {
                 theory_var curr = ctx.get_enode(arg)->get_th_var(get_id());
@@ -2410,7 +2410,7 @@ final_check_status theory_arith<Ext>::process_non_linear() {
 }
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_arith_pp.h b/src/smt/theory_arith_pp.h
index 7448f6db81..be642f5b87 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_arith_pp.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_arith_pp.h
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ namespace smt {
         pp.set_benchmark_name("lemma");
         int n = get_num_vars();
         for (theory_var v = 0; v < n; ++v) {
-            expr * n = get_enode(v)->get_expr();
+            expr * n = get_expr(v);
             if (is_fixed(v)) {
                 inf_numeral k_inf = lower_bound(v);
                 rational k = k_inf.get_rational().to_rational();
@@ -528,6 +528,6 @@ namespace smt {
         id++;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_array.cpp b/src/smt/theory_array.cpp
index 5c9ac3a80f..27342dcc31 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_array.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_array.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace smt {
         // v1 is the new root
         TRACE(array, 
               tout << "merging v" << v1 << " v" << v2 << "\n"; display_var(tout, v1);
-              tout << mk_pp(get_enode(v1)->get_expr(), m) << " <- " << mk_pp(get_enode(v2)->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
+              tout << mk_pp(get_expr(v1), m) << " <- " << mk_pp(get_expr(v2), m) << "\n";);
         SASSERT(v1 == find(v1));
         var_data * d1 = m_var_data[v1];
         var_data * d2 = m_var_data[v2];
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ namespace smt {
         m_var_data.push_back(alloc(var_data));
         var_data * d  = m_var_data[r];
         TRACE(array, tout << mk_bounded_pp(n->get_expr(), m) << "\nis_array: " << is_array_sort(n) << ", is_select: " << is_select(n) <<
-              ", is_store: " << is_store(n) << "\n";);
+              ", is_store: " << is_store(n) << ", is_lambda: " << is_lambda(n->get_expr()) << "\n";);
         d->m_is_array  = is_array_sort(n);
         if (d->m_is_array) 
             register_sort(n->get_expr()->get_sort());
         d->m_is_select = is_select(n);        
-        if (is_store(n))
+        if (is_store(n) || is_lambda(n->get_expr()))
             d->m_stores.push_back(n);
         ctx.attach_th_var(n, this, r);
         if (laziness() <= 1 && is_store(n))
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ namespace smt {
         v                = find(v);
         var_data * d     = m_var_data[v];
         d->m_parent_selects.push_back(s);
-        TRACE(array, tout << v << " " << mk_pp(s->get_expr(), m) << " " << mk_pp(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
+        TRACE(array, tout << v << " " << mk_pp(s->get_expr(), m) << " " << mk_pp(get_expr(v), m) << "\n";);
         m_trail_stack.push(push_back_trail<enode *, false>(d->m_parent_selects));
         for (enode* n : d->m_stores) 
             instantiate_axiom2a(s, n);
 
         if (!m_params.m_array_delay_exp_axiom && d->m_prop_upward) {
             for (enode* store : d->m_parent_stores) {
-                SASSERT(is_store(store));
+                SASSERT(is_store(store) || is_lambda(store->get_expr()));
                 if (!m_params.m_array_cg || store->is_cgr()) {
                     instantiate_axiom2b(s, store);
                 }
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ namespace smt {
     void theory_array::add_parent_store(theory_var v, enode * s) {
         if (m_params.m_array_cg && !s->is_cgr())
             return;
-        SASSERT(is_store(s));
+        SASSERT(is_store(s) || is_lambda(s->get_expr()));
         v                = find(v);
         var_data * d     = m_var_data[v];
         d->m_parent_stores.push_back(s);
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ namespace smt {
     void theory_array::add_store(theory_var v, enode * s) {
         if (m_params.m_array_cg && !s->is_cgr())
             return;
-        SASSERT(is_store(s));
+        SASSERT(is_store(s) || is_lambda(s->get_expr()));
         v                = find(v);
         var_data * d     = m_var_data[v];
         unsigned lambda_equiv_class_size = get_lambda_equiv_size(v, d);
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ namespace smt {
     void theory_array::instantiate_axiom2a(enode * select, enode * store) {
         TRACE(array, tout << "axiom 2a: #" << select->get_owner_id() << " #" << store->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
         SASSERT(is_select(select));
-        SASSERT(is_store(store));
+        SASSERT(is_store(store) || is_lambda(store->get_expr()));
         if (assert_store_axiom2(store, select))
             m_stats.m_num_axiom2a++;
     }
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ namespace smt {
     bool theory_array::instantiate_axiom2b(enode * select, enode * store) {
         TRACE(array_axiom2b, tout << "axiom 2b: #" << select->get_owner_id() << " #" << store->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
         SASSERT(is_select(select));
-        SASSERT(is_store(store));
+        SASSERT(is_store(store) || is_lambda(store->get_expr()));
         if (assert_store_axiom2(store, select)) {
             m_stats.m_num_axiom2b++;
             return true;
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     bool theory_array::internalize_term(app * n) {
-        if (!is_store(n) && !is_select(n)) {
+        if (!is_store(n) && !is_select(n) && !is_lambda(n)) {
             if (!is_array_ext(n))
                 found_unsupported_op(n);
             return false;
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ namespace smt {
             if (is_select(n)) {
                 add_parent_select(v_arg, ctx.get_enode(n));
             }
-            else if (is_store(n)) {
+            else if (is_store(n) || is_lambda(n)) {
                 add_parent_store(v_arg, ctx.get_enode(n));
             }
         }
@@ -298,11 +298,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
     void theory_array::new_eq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
         m_find.merge(v1, v2);
-        enode* n1 = get_enode(v1), *n2 = get_enode(v2);
-        if (n1->get_expr()->get_decl()->is_lambda() ||
-            n2->get_expr()->get_decl()->is_lambda()) {
-            assert_congruent(n1, n2);
-        }
     }
 
     void theory_array::new_diseq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
@@ -310,8 +305,8 @@ namespace smt {
         v2 = find(v2);        
         var_data * d1 = m_var_data[v1];
         TRACE(ext, tout << "extensionality: " << d1->m_is_array << "\n" 
-              << mk_bounded_pp(get_enode(v1)->get_expr(), m, 5) << "\n" 
-              << mk_bounded_pp(get_enode(v2)->get_expr(), m, 5) << "\n";);
+              << mk_bounded_pp(get_expr(v1), m, 5) << "\n" 
+              << mk_bounded_pp(get_expr(v2), m, 5) << "\n";);
         
         if (d1->m_is_array) {
             SASSERT(m_var_data[v2]->m_is_array);
@@ -319,16 +314,18 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
 
-    void theory_array::relevant_eh(app * n) {
+    void theory_array::relevant_eh(expr * n) {
         if (laziness() == 0)
             return;
         if (m.is_ite(n)) {
             TRACE(array, tout << "relevant ite " << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         }
-        if (!is_store(n) && !is_select(n))
+        if (!is_store(n) && !is_select(n) && !is_lambda(n))
             return;
         if (!ctx.e_internalized(n)) ctx.internalize(n, false);
-        enode * arg      = ctx.get_enode(n->get_arg(0));
+        if (is_lambda(n))
+            return;
+        enode * arg      = ctx.get_enode(to_app(n)->get_arg(0));
         theory_var v_arg = arg->get_th_var(get_id());
         SASSERT(v_arg != null_theory_var);
         
@@ -374,14 +371,14 @@ namespace smt {
             else {
                 if (mk_interface_eqs_at_final_check() == FC_CONTINUE)
                     r = FC_CONTINUE;
-                else 
+                else
                     r = assert_delayed_axioms();
             }
         }
         else {
             if (m_final_check_idx % 2 == 1) {
                 r = assert_delayed_axioms();
-                if (r == FC_DONE) 
+                if (r == FC_DONE)
                     r = mk_interface_eqs_at_final_check();
             }
             else {
@@ -392,22 +389,22 @@ namespace smt {
             }
         }
         bool should_giveup = m_found_unsupported_op || has_propagate_up_trail();
-        if (r == FC_DONE && should_giveup && !ctx.get_fparams().m_array_fake_support) 
+        if (r == FC_DONE && should_giveup && !ctx.get_fparams().m_array_fake_support)
             r = FC_GIVEUP;
         CTRACE(array, r != FC_DONE || m_found_unsupported_op, tout << r << "\n";);
         return r;
     }
 
     final_check_status theory_array::assert_delayed_axioms() {
-        if (!m_params.m_array_delay_exp_axiom)
-            return FC_DONE;
         final_check_status r = FC_DONE;
-        unsigned num_vars = get_num_vars();
-        for (unsigned v = 0; v < num_vars; ++v) {
-            var_data * d = m_var_data[v];
-            if (d->m_prop_upward && instantiate_axiom2b_for(v))
-                r = FC_CONTINUE;
-        }      
+        if (m_params.m_array_delay_exp_axiom) {
+            unsigned num_vars = get_num_vars();
+            for (unsigned v = 0; v < num_vars; ++v) {
+                var_data *d = m_var_data[v];
+                if (d->m_prop_upward && instantiate_axiom2b_for(v))
+                    r = FC_CONTINUE;
+            }
+        }
         return r;
     }
 
@@ -508,4 +505,4 @@ namespace smt {
         st.update("array splits", m_stats.m_num_eq_splits);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_array.h b/src/smt/theory_array.h
index 6e840e3420..135255ab78 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_array.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_array.h
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned   m_num_axiom1, m_num_axiom2a, m_num_axiom2b, m_num_extensionality, m_num_eq_splits;
         unsigned   m_num_map_axiom, m_num_default_map_axiom;
         unsigned   m_num_select_const_axiom, m_num_default_store_axiom, m_num_default_const_axiom, m_num_default_as_array_axiom;
-        unsigned   m_num_select_as_array_axiom, m_num_default_lambda_axiom;
+        unsigned   m_num_select_as_array_axiom, m_num_default_lambda_axiom, m_num_choice_axiom;
+        unsigned   m_num_select_lambda_axiom;
         void reset() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(theory_array_stats)); }
         theory_array_stats() { reset(); }
     };
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void apply_sort_cnstr(enode * n, sort * s) override;
         void new_eq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) override;
         void new_diseq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) override;
-        void relevant_eh(app * n) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr * n) override;
         void push_scope_eh() override;
         void pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) override;
         final_check_status final_check_eh(unsigned) override;
@@ -113,6 +114,5 @@ namespace smt {
         ptr_vector<enode> const& parent_selects(enode* n) { return m_var_data[find(n->get_root()->get_th_var(get_id()))]->m_parent_selects; }
     };
 
-};
-
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_array_base.cpp b/src/smt/theory_array_base.cpp
index 979c55de6e..da46f9e653 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_array_base.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_array_base.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "smt/smt_model_generator.h"
 #include "model/func_interp.h"
 #include "ast/ast_smt2_pp.h"
+#include "ast/pattern/pattern_inference.h"
 
 namespace smt {
 
@@ -67,7 +68,6 @@ namespace smt {
         return mk_select(num_args, args);
     }
 
-
     app * theory_array_base::mk_store(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args) {
         return m.mk_app(get_family_id(), OP_STORE, 0, nullptr, num_args, args);
     }
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     void theory_array_base::assert_store_axiom1_core(enode * e) {
-        app * n           = e->get_expr();
+        app * n           = e->get_app();
         SASSERT(is_store(n));
         ptr_buffer<expr> sel_args;
         unsigned num_args = n->get_num_args();
@@ -217,28 +217,48 @@ namespace smt {
             if (m.has_trace_stream()) m.trace_stream() << "[end-of-instance]\n";
         }
     }
+
+    void theory_array_base::assert_lambda_axiom_core(enode* n, enode* select) {
+        SASSERT(is_lambda(n->get_expr()));
+        SASSERT(is_select(select));
+        expr *e = n->get_expr();
+        SASSERT(is_lambda(e));
+        app *s = select->get_app();
+        auto q = to_quantifier(e);
+        SASSERT(q);
+
+        SASSERT(q->get_num_decls() == s->get_num_args() - 1);
+        // do the same thing as in sat/smt/array_axioms:
+        ptr_vector<expr> args(s->get_num_args(), s->get_args());
+        args[0] = q;
+        array_util a(m);
+        expr_ref alpha(a.mk_select(args), m);
+        expr_ref beta(alpha);
+        ctx.get_rewriter()(beta);
+        TRACE(array, tout << alpha << " == " << beta << "\n";);
+        auto alpha_n = ensure_enode(alpha);
+        auto beta_n = ensure_enode(beta);
+        ctx.assign_eq(alpha_n, beta_n, eq_justification::mk_axiom());
+    }
     
     bool theory_array_base::assert_store_axiom2(enode * store, enode * select) { 
+        SASSERT(is_store(store) || is_lambda(store->get_expr()));
         unsigned num_args = select->get_num_args();
         unsigned        i = 1;
         for (; i < num_args; ++i) 
-            if (store->get_arg(i)->get_root() != select->get_arg(i)->get_root())
+            if (is_store(store) && store->get_arg(i)->get_root() != select->get_arg(i)->get_root())
                 break;
         if (i == num_args)
             return false;
         if (ctx.add_fingerprint(store, store->get_owner_id(), select->get_num_args() - 1, select->get_args() + 1)) {
             TRACE(array, tout << "adding axiom2 to todo queue\n";);
-            m_axiom2_todo.push_back(std::make_pair(store, select)); 
+            m_axiom2_todo.push_back({store, select}); 
             return true;
         }
         TRACE(array, tout << "axiom already instantiated: #" << store->get_owner_id() << " #" << select->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
         return false;
     }
 
- 
-
-
-
     func_decl_ref_vector * theory_array_base::register_sort(sort * s_array) {
         unsigned dimension = get_dimension(s_array);
         func_decl_ref_vector * ext_skolems = nullptr;
@@ -259,7 +279,7 @@ namespace smt {
         SASSERT(n1->get_num_args() == n2->get_num_args());
         unsigned n = n1->get_num_args();
         // skipping first argument of the select.
-        for(unsigned i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
             if (n1->get_arg(i)->get_root() != n2->get_arg(i)->get_root()) {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -275,9 +295,8 @@ namespace smt {
         enode * r1    = v1->get_root();
         enode * r2    = v2->get_root();
 
-        if (r1->get_class_size() > r2->get_class_size()) {
-            std::swap(r1, r2);
-        }
+        if (r1->get_class_size() > r2->get_class_size()) 
+            std::swap(r1, r2);        
 
         m_array_value.reset();
         // populate m_array_value if the select(a, i) parent terms of r1
@@ -315,11 +334,13 @@ namespace smt {
             return false; // axiom was already instantiated
         if (already_diseq(n1, n2))
             return false;
-        m_extensionality_todo.push_back(std::make_pair(n1, n2));         
+        m_extensionality_todo.push_back({n1, n2});         
         return true;
     }
 
     void theory_array_base::assert_congruent(enode * a1, enode * a2) {
+        if (ctx.get_fparams().m_array_fake_support)
+            return;
         TRACE(array, tout << "congruent: #" << a1->get_owner_id() << " #" << a2->get_owner_id() << "\n";);
         SASSERT(is_array_sort(a1));
         SASSERT(is_array_sort(a2));
@@ -328,13 +349,13 @@ namespace smt {
         enode * nodes[2] = { a1, a2 };
         if (!ctx.add_fingerprint(this, 1, 2, nodes))
             return; // axiom was already instantiated
-        m_congruent_todo.push_back(std::make_pair(a1, a2));         
+        m_congruent_todo.push_back({a1, a2});         
     }
 
    
     void theory_array_base::assert_extensionality_core(enode * n1, enode * n2) {
-        app * e1        = n1->get_expr();
-        app * e2        = n2->get_expr();
+        expr * e1        = n1->get_expr();
+        expr * e2        = n2->get_expr();
 
         func_decl_ref_vector * funcs = nullptr;
         sort *                     s = e1->get_sort();
@@ -371,15 +392,15 @@ namespace smt {
        \brief assert n1 = n2 => forall vars . (n1 vars) = (n2 vars)
      */
     void theory_array_base::assert_congruent_core(enode * n1, enode * n2) {
-        app * e1        = n1->get_expr();
-        app * e2        = n2->get_expr();
+        expr * e1        = n1->get_expr();
+        expr * e2        = n2->get_expr();
         sort* s         = e1->get_sort();
         unsigned dimension = get_array_arity(s);
         literal n1_eq_n2 = mk_eq(e1, e2, true);
         ctx.mark_as_relevant(n1_eq_n2);
         expr_ref_vector args1(m), args2(m);
-        args1.push_back(instantiate_lambda(e1));
-        args2.push_back(instantiate_lambda(e2));
+        args1.push_back(e1);
+        args2.push_back(e2);
         svector<symbol> names;
         sort_ref_vector sorts(m);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < dimension; ++i) {
@@ -395,6 +416,16 @@ namespace smt {
         expr * eq = m.mk_eq(sel1, sel2);
         expr_ref q(m.mk_forall(dimension, sorts.data(), names.data(), eq), m);
         ctx.get_rewriter()(q);
+        // The select terms are beta-reduced away by the rewriter, so the
+        // resulting quantifier carries no patterns. Infer patterns so that the
+        // e-matching engine can instantiate it (dynamically generated
+        // quantifiers bypass the pre-processing pattern inference pass).
+        if (is_forall(q) && to_quantifier(q)->get_num_patterns() == 0) {
+            pattern_inference_rw infer(m, ctx.get_fparams());
+            expr_ref q2(m);
+            infer(q, q2);
+            q = q2;
+        }
         if (!ctx.b_internalized(q)) {
             ctx.internalize(q, true);
         }
@@ -403,17 +434,6 @@ namespace smt {
         assert_axiom(~n1_eq_n2, fa_eq);
     }
 
-    expr_ref theory_array_base::instantiate_lambda(app* e) {
-        quantifier * q = m.is_lambda_def(e->get_decl());
-        expr_ref f(e, m);
-        if (q) {
-            // the variables in q are maybe not consecutive.
-            var_subst sub(m, false);
-            f = sub(q, e->get_num_args(), e->get_args());
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
     bool theory_array_base::can_propagate() {
         return 
             !m_axiom1_todo.empty() || 
@@ -424,13 +444,16 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     void theory_array_base::propagate() {
-        while (can_propagate()) {
+        while (theory_array_base::can_propagate()) {
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_axiom1_todo.size(); ++i)
                 assert_store_axiom1_core(m_axiom1_todo[i]);
             m_axiom1_todo.reset();
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_axiom2_todo.size(); ++i) {
                 auto [store, select] = m_axiom2_todo[i];
-                assert_store_axiom2_core(store, select);
+                if (is_store(store))
+                    assert_store_axiom2_core(store, select);
+                else
+                    assert_lambda_axiom_core(store, select);
             }
             m_axiom2_todo.reset();
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_extensionality_todo.size(); ++i) {
@@ -524,6 +547,7 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned num_vars = get_num_vars();
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_vars; ++i) {
             enode * n = get_enode(i);
+            TRACE(array, tout << enode_pp(n, ctx) << " is_relevant: " << ctx.is_relevant(n) << " is_array: " << is_array_sort(n) << "\n";);
             if (!ctx.is_relevant(n) || !is_array_sort(n)) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -561,19 +585,20 @@ namespace smt {
             TRACE(array_bug, tout << "mk_interface_eqs: processing: v" << *it1 << "\n";);
             theory_var  v1 = *it1;
             enode *     n1 = get_enode(v1);
-            sort *      s1 = n1->get_expr()->get_sort();
+            sort *      s1 = n1->get_sort();
             sbuffer<theory_var>::iterator it2 = it1;
             ++it2;
             for (; it2 != end1; ++it2) {
                 theory_var v2 = *it2;
                 enode *    n2 = get_enode(v2);
-                sort *     s2 = n2->get_expr()->get_sort();
+                sort *     s2 = n2->get_sort();
                 if (s1 == s2 && !ctx.is_diseq(n1, n2)) {
-                    app * eq  = mk_eq_atom(n1->get_expr(), n2->get_expr());
-                    if (!ctx.b_internalized(eq) || !ctx.is_relevant(eq)) {
+                    app_ref eq  = app_ref(mk_eq_atom(n1->get_expr(), n2->get_expr()), m);
+                    TRACE(array_bug, tout << "mk_interface_eqs: adding: " << eq << "\n";);
+                    if (!ctx.b_internalized(eq.get()) || !ctx.is_relevant(eq.get())) {
                         result++;
                         ctx.internalize(eq, true);
-                        ctx.mark_as_relevant(eq);
+                        ctx.mark_as_relevant(eq.get());
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -687,6 +712,8 @@ namespace smt {
         collect_defaults();
         collect_selects();
         propagate_selects();
+        // check_selects();
+        TRACE(array, display_selects(tout); display(tout););
     }
 
     /**
@@ -784,12 +811,89 @@ namespace smt {
         return set;
     }
 
-    void theory_array_base::collect_selects() {
-        int num_vars = get_num_vars();
-
+    void theory_array_base::reset_selects() {
+        for (auto r : m_selects_range)
+            dealloc(r);
+        m_selects_range.reset();
         m_selects.reset();
         m_selects_domain.reset();
-        m_selects_range.reset();
+    }
+           
+    std::ostream& theory_array_base::display_selects(std::ostream& out) {
+        for (auto [r, s] : m_selects) {
+            out << enode_pp(r, ctx) << ":\n";
+            for (auto sel : *s) 
+                out << "   " << enode_pp(sel, ctx) << " "
+                     << enode_pp(sel->get_root(), ctx) << "\n";
+            out << "\n";
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    bool theory_array_base::check_selects() {
+        auto same_args = [&](unsigned num_args, enode *n1, enode *n2) {
+            for (unsigned i = 1; i < num_args; ++i) {
+                if (n1->get_arg(i)->get_root() != n2->get_arg(i)->get_root())
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        auto check_selects = [&](enode* n, select_set &s1, select_set &s2) {
+            for (auto sel1 : s1) {
+                if (same_args(sel1->get_num_args(), sel1, n))
+                    continue;
+                bool found = false;
+                for (auto sel2 : s2) {
+                    verbose_stream() << "check_selects: " << enode_pp(sel1, ctx) << " " << enode_pp(sel2, ctx) << "\n";
+                    if (!same_args(sel2->get_num_args(), sel1, sel2))
+                        continue;
+                    found = true;
+                    if (sel1->get_root() != sel2->get_root()) {
+                        verbose_stream() << "selects: " << pp(sel1, m) << " " << pp(sel2, m) << "\n";
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!found) {
+                    verbose_stream() << "selects: " << pp(sel1, m) << " " << pp(n, m) << "\n";
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        for (auto [r, s1] : m_selects) {
+            for (auto n : *r) {
+                if (false && !ctx.is_relevant(n))
+                    continue;
+                
+                if (is_store(n)) {
+                    auto st = n->get_arg(0)->get_root();
+                    auto &s2 = m_selects[st];
+                    if (!check_selects(n, *s1, *s2))
+                        return false;
+                    if (!check_selects(n, *s2, *s1))
+                        return false;
+                }
+                if (is_const(n)) {
+                    auto v = n->get_arg(0)->get_root();
+                    for (auto sel : *s1) {
+                        if (v != sel->get_root()) {
+                            verbose_stream() << pp(n, m) << " != " << pp(sel, m) << "\n";
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void theory_array_base::collect_selects() {
+        int num_vars = get_num_vars();
+        reset_selects();
 
         for (theory_var v = 0; v < num_vars; ++v) {
             enode * r = get_enode(v)->get_root();                
@@ -838,7 +942,7 @@ namespace smt {
                 if (i < num_args) {
                     SASSERT(!parent_sel_set->contains(sel) || (*(parent_sel_set->find(sel)))->get_root() == sel->get_root());
                     parent_sel_set->insert(sel);
-                    todo.push_back(std::make_pair(parent_root, sel));
+                    todo.push_back({parent_root, sel});
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -864,7 +968,7 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     void theory_array_base::finalize_model(model_generator & m) {
-        std::for_each(m_selects_range.begin(), m_selects_range.end(), delete_proc<select_set>());
+        reset_selects();
     }
 
     class array_value_proc : public model_value_proc {
@@ -974,7 +1078,7 @@ namespace smt {
     model_value_proc * theory_array_base::mk_value(enode * n, model_generator & mg) {
         theory_var v       = n->get_th_var(get_id());
         SASSERT(v != null_theory_var);
-        sort * s           = n->get_expr()->get_sort();
+        sort * s           = n->get_sort();
         enode * else_val_n = get_default(v);
         array_value_proc * result = nullptr;
 
@@ -1041,4 +1145,4 @@ namespace smt {
         return result;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_array_base.h b/src/smt/theory_array_base.h
index 9a6a6a1731..877f3e6695 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_array_base.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_array_base.h
@@ -34,25 +34,31 @@ namespace smt {
         virtual void set_prop_upward(theory_var v) {}
         void found_unsupported_op(expr * n);
         void found_unsupported_op(enode* n) { found_unsupported_op(n->get_expr()); }
-        void found_unsupported_op(theory_var v) { found_unsupported_op(get_enode(v)->get_expr()); }
+        void found_unsupported_op(theory_var v) { found_unsupported_op(get_expr(v)); }
         
-        bool is_store(app const* n) const { return n->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_STORE); }
-        bool is_map(app const* n) const { return n->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_ARRAY_MAP); }
-        bool is_select(app const* n) const { return n->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_SELECT); }
-        bool is_default(app const* n) const { return n->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT); }
-        bool is_const(app const* n) const { return n->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_CONST_ARRAY); }
-        bool is_array_ext(app const * n) const { return n->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_ARRAY_EXT); }
-        bool is_as_array(app const * n) const { return n->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_AS_ARRAY); }
+        bool is_store(expr const* n) const { return is_app(n) && to_app(n)->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_STORE); }
+        bool is_map(expr const* n) const { return is_app(n) && to_app(n)->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_ARRAY_MAP); }
+        bool is_select(expr const* n) const { return is_app(n) && to_app(n)->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_SELECT); }
+        bool is_default(expr const* n) const { return is_app(n) && to_app(n)->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_ARRAY_DEFAULT); }
+        bool is_const(expr const* n) const { return is_app(n) && to_app(n)->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_CONST_ARRAY); }
+        bool is_array_ext(expr const * n) const { return is_app(n) && to_app(n)->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_ARRAY_EXT); }
+        bool is_as_array(expr const * n) const { return is_app(n) && to_app(n)->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_AS_ARRAY); }
+        bool is_choice(expr const* n) const { return is_app(n) && to_app(n)->is_app_of(get_id(), OP_CHOICE); }
         bool is_array_sort(sort const* s) const { return s->is_sort_of(get_id(), ARRAY_SORT); }
-        bool is_array_sort(app const* n) const { return is_array_sort(n->get_sort()); }
+        bool is_array_sort(expr const* n) const { return is_array_sort(n->get_sort()); }
+        
 
         bool is_store(enode const * n) const { return is_store(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_map(enode const* n) const { return is_map(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_select(enode const* n) const { return is_select(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_const(enode const* n) const { return is_const(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_as_array(enode const * n) const { return is_as_array(n->get_expr()); }
+        bool is_choice(enode const* n) const { return is_choice(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_default(enode const* n) const { return is_default(n->get_expr()); }
-        bool is_array_sort(enode const* n) const { return is_array_sort(n->get_expr()); }
+        bool is_array_sort(enode const* n) const { return is_array_sort(n->get_sort()); }
+        
+        
+        
         bool is_select_arg(enode* r);
 
         app * mk_select(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args);
@@ -74,13 +80,14 @@ namespace smt {
         void assert_axiom(literal l);
         void assert_store_axiom1_core(enode * n);
         void assert_store_axiom2_core(enode * store, enode * select);
+        void assert_lambda_axiom_core(enode *lambda, enode *select);
         void assert_store_axiom1(enode * n) { m_axiom1_todo.push_back(n); }
         bool assert_store_axiom2(enode * store, enode * select);
 
         void assert_extensionality_core(enode * a1, enode * a2);
         bool assert_extensionality(enode * a1, enode * a2);
 
-        expr_ref instantiate_lambda(app* e);
+        expr_ref instantiate_lambda(expr* e);
         void assert_congruent_core(enode * a1, enode * a2);
         void assert_congruent(enode * a1, enode * a2);
 
@@ -184,6 +191,10 @@ namespace smt {
         ptr_vector<select_set>       m_selects_range;
         bool                         m_use_unspecified_default;  // temporary field for model construction
 
+        void reset_selects();
+        std::ostream &display_selects(std::ostream &out);
+        bool check_selects();
+
         theory_var mg_find(theory_var v);
         void mg_merge(theory_var n, theory_var m);
 
@@ -206,6 +217,5 @@ namespace smt {
         ~theory_array_base() override { restore_sorts(0); }
     };
 
-};
-
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_array_full.cpp b/src/smt/theory_array_full.cpp
index 5b316249e7..fb5aaf89e4 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_array_full.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_array_full.cpp
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ namespace smt {
             instantiate_default_as_array_axiom(n);
             d->m_as_arrays.push_back(n);
         }
-        else if (m.is_lambda_def(n->get_decl())) {
+        else if (is_lambda(n->get_expr())) {
             instantiate_default_lambda_def_axiom(n);
             d->m_lambdas.push_back(n);
             m_lambdas.push_back(n);
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ namespace smt {
             return theory_array::internalize_term(n);
         }
 
-        if (!is_const(n) && !is_default(n)  && !is_map(n) && !is_as_array(n)) {
+        if (!is_const(n) && !is_default(n)  && !is_map(n) && !is_as_array(n) && !is_choice(n)) {
             if (!is_array_ext(n))
                 found_unsupported_op(n);
             return false;
@@ -354,6 +354,14 @@ namespace smt {
             add_as_array(v1, n);
         for (enode* n : d2->m_lambdas)
             add_lambda(v1, n);
+        // When a lambda is equated to another array term, assert the congruence
+        // axiom  n1 = n2 => forall k . select(n1, k) = select(n2, k).
+        // This lets positive equalities between lambdas (which have no select
+        // parents of their own) produce usable consequences.
+        enode* n1 = get_enode(v1);
+        enode* n2 = get_enode(v2);
+        if (is_lambda(n1->get_expr()) || is_lambda(n2->get_expr()))
+            assert_congruent(n1, n2);
         TRACE(array, 
               tout << pp(get_enode(v1), m) << "\n";
               tout << pp(get_enode(v2), m) << "\n";
@@ -368,8 +376,8 @@ namespace smt {
         TRACE(array, tout << "v" << v << " " << pp(get_enode(v), m) << " " 
               << d->m_prop_upward << " " << m_params.m_array_delay_exp_axiom << "\n";);
         for (enode * store : d->m_stores) {
-            SASSERT(is_store(store));
-            instantiate_default_store_axiom(store);
+            if (is_store(store))
+                instantiate_default_store_axiom(store);
         }        
 
         if (!m_params.m_array_delay_exp_axiom && d->m_prop_upward) {
@@ -393,6 +401,10 @@ namespace smt {
             SASSERT(is_map(map));
             instantiate_select_map_axiom(s, map);
         }
+        for (enode *lam : d_full->m_lambdas) {
+            SASSERT(is_lambda(lam->get_expr()));
+            instantiate_select_lambda_axiom(s, lam);
+        }
         if (!m_params.m_array_delay_exp_axiom && d->m_prop_upward) {
             for (enode * map : d_full->m_parent_maps) {
                 SASSERT(is_map(map));
@@ -403,22 +415,23 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
     
-    void theory_array_full::relevant_eh(app* n) {
+    void theory_array_full::relevant_eh(expr* n) {
         TRACE(array, tout << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         theory_array::relevant_eh(n);
-        if (!is_default(n) && !is_select(n) && !is_map(n) && !is_const(n) && !is_as_array(n)){
+        if (!is_default(n) && !is_select(n) && !is_map(n) && 
+            !is_const(n) && !is_as_array(n) && !is_choice(n)) {
             return;
         }
         ctx.ensure_internalized(n);
         enode* node = ctx.get_enode(n);
         if (is_select(n)) {
-            enode * arg = ctx.get_enode(n->get_arg(0));
+            enode * arg = ctx.get_enode(to_app(n)->get_arg(0));
             theory_var v = arg->get_th_var(get_id());
             SASSERT(v != null_theory_var);
             add_parent_select(find(v), node);            
         }
         else if (is_default(n)) {
-            enode * arg = ctx.get_enode(n->get_arg(0));
+            enode * arg = ctx.get_enode(to_app(n)->get_arg(0));
             theory_var v = arg->get_th_var(get_id());
             SASSERT(v != null_theory_var);
             set_prop_upward(v);               
@@ -431,7 +444,7 @@ namespace smt {
             add_parent_default(find(v));
         }
         else if (is_map(n)) {
-            for (expr * e : *n) {
+            for (expr * e : *to_app(n)) {
                 enode* arg = ctx.get_enode(e);
                 theory_var v_arg = find(arg->get_th_var(get_id()));
                 add_parent_map(v_arg, node);
@@ -442,6 +455,10 @@ namespace smt {
         else if (is_as_array(n)) {
             instantiate_default_as_array_axiom(node);
         }
+        else if (is_choice(n)) {
+            m_choice_terms.push_back(node);
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_choice_terms));            
+        }
     }
 
     bool theory_array_full::should_research(expr_ref_vector & unsat_core) {
@@ -456,14 +473,13 @@ namespace smt {
     // select(map[f](a, ... d), i) = f(select(a,i),...,select(d,i))
     //  
     bool theory_array_full::instantiate_select_map_axiom(enode* sl, enode* mp) {
-        app* map = mp->get_expr();
-        app* select = sl->get_expr();
+        app* map = mp->get_app();
+        app* select = sl->get_app();
         SASSERT(is_map(map));
         SASSERT(is_select(select));
         SASSERT(map->get_num_args() > 0);
         func_decl* f = to_func_decl(map->get_decl()->get_parameter(0).get_ast());
 
-
         TRACE(array_map_bug, tout << "invoked instantiate_select_map_axiom\n";
               tout << sl->get_owner_id() << " " << mp->get_owner_id() << "\n";
               tout << mk_ismt2_pp(sl->get_expr(), m) << "\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(mp->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
@@ -513,6 +529,34 @@ namespace smt {
         return try_assign_eq(sel1, sel2);
     }
 
+    bool theory_array_full::instantiate_select_lambda_axiom(enode* sl, enode* lambda) {
+        app* select = sl->get_app();
+        SASSERT(is_select(select));
+        SASSERT(is_lambda(lambda->get_expr()));
+        SASSERT(lambda->get_sort() == sl->get_arg(0)->get_sort());
+
+        if (!ctx.add_fingerprint(lambda, lambda->get_owner_id(), sl->get_num_args() - 1, sl->get_args() + 1)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        m_stats.m_num_select_lambda_axiom++;
+
+        unsigned num_args = select->get_num_args();
+        ptr_buffer<expr> args;
+        args.push_back(lambda->get_expr());
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < num_args; ++i)
+            args.push_back(select->get_arg(i));
+
+        expr_ref sel1(m), sel2(m);
+        sel1 = mk_select(args.size(), args.data());
+        sel2 = sel1;
+        ctx.get_rewriter()(sel2);
+        ctx.internalize(sel1, false);
+        ctx.internalize(sel2, false);
+        TRACE(array, tout << mk_bounded_pp(sel1, m) << "\n==\n" << mk_bounded_pp(sel2, m) << "\n";);
+        return try_assign_eq(sel1, sel2);
+    }
+
 
     //
     //
@@ -523,7 +567,7 @@ namespace smt {
     bool theory_array_full::instantiate_default_map_axiom(enode* mp) {
         SASSERT(is_map(mp));
                 
-        app* map = mp->get_expr();
+        app* map = mp->get_app();
         if (!ctx.add_fingerprint(this, m_default_map_fingerprint, 1, &mp)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -573,27 +617,44 @@ namespace smt {
         if (!ctx.add_fingerprint(this, m_default_lambda_fingerprint, 1, &arr))
             return false;
         m_stats.m_num_default_lambda_axiom++;
-        expr* e = arr->get_expr();
-        expr_ref def(mk_default(e), m);
-        quantifier* lam = m.is_lambda_def(arr->get_decl());
-        TRACE(array, tout << mk_pp(lam, m) << "\n" << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n");
+        quantifier *lam = to_quantifier(arr->get_expr());
+        expr_ref def(mk_default(arr->get_expr()), m);
+        TRACE(array, tout << mk_pp(lam, m) << "\n");
         expr_ref_vector args(m);       
         var_subst subst(m, false);
-        args.push_back(subst(lam, to_app(e)->get_num_args(), to_app(e)->get_args()));
+        args.push_back(lam);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < lam->get_num_decls(); ++i) 
             args.push_back(mk_epsilon(lam->get_decl_sort(i)).first);
         expr_ref val(mk_select(args), m);
-        ctx.get_rewriter()(val);
-        if (has_quantifiers(val)) {
-            expr_ref fn(m.mk_fresh_const("lambda-body", val->get_sort()), m);
-            expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(fn, val), m);
-            ctx.assert_expr(eq);
-            ctx.internalize_assertions();
-            val = fn;
-        }
-        ctx.internalize(def, false);
-        ctx.internalize(val.get(), false);
-        return try_assign_eq(val.get(), def);
+        auto val_e = ctx.non_ground_internalize(val);
+        return try_assign_eq(val_e->get_expr(), def);
+    }
+
+    bool theory_array_full::instantiate_choice_axiom(enode* ch) {
+        if (!ctx.add_fingerprint(this, m_choice_fingerprint, 1, &ch))
+            return false;
+        ++m_stats.m_num_choice_axiom;
+        SASSERT(is_choice(ch));
+        app* choice_term = ch->get_app();
+        expr* pred = choice_term->get_arg(0);
+        sort* pred_sort = pred->get_sort();
+        SASSERT(is_array_sort(pred_sort));
+        SASSERT(get_array_arity(pred_sort) == 1);
+        SASSERT(m.is_bool(get_array_range(pred_sort)));
+        sort* x_sort = get_array_domain(pred_sort, 0);
+        expr_ref x(m.mk_var(0, x_sort), m);
+        expr* args1[2] = { pred, x };
+        expr_ref px(mk_select(2, args1), m);
+        expr* args2[2] = { pred, choice_term };
+        expr_ref pc(mk_select(2, args2), m);
+        expr_ref body(m.mk_implies(px, pc), m);
+        symbol x_name("x");
+        expr_ref q(m.mk_forall(1, &x_sort, &x_name, body), m);
+        ctx.get_rewriter()(q);
+        TRACE(array, tout << "choice " << q << "\n");        
+        ctx.assert_expr(q);
+        ctx.internalize_assertions();
+        return true;
     }
 
     //
@@ -613,10 +674,10 @@ namespace smt {
         ptr_buffer<expr> sel_args;
         sel_args.push_back(cnst->get_expr());
         for (unsigned short i = 1; i < num_args; ++i) {
-            sel_args.push_back(select->get_expr()->get_arg(i));
+            sel_args.push_back(select->get_app()->get_arg(i));
         }
         expr * sel = mk_select(sel_args.size(), sel_args.data());
-        expr * val = cnst->get_expr()->get_arg(0);
+        expr * val = cnst->get_app()->get_arg(0);
         TRACE(array, tout << "new select-const axiom...\n";
               tout << "const: " << mk_bounded_pp(cnst->get_expr(), m) << "\n";
               tout << "select: " << mk_bounded_pp(select->get_expr(), m) << "\n";
@@ -647,7 +708,7 @@ namespace smt {
         ptr_buffer<expr> sel_args;
         sel_args.push_back(arr->get_expr());
         for (unsigned short i = 1; i < num_args; ++i) {
-            sel_args.push_back(select->get_expr()->get_arg(i));
+            sel_args.push_back(select->get_app()->get_arg(i));
         }
         expr * sel = mk_select(sel_args.size(), sel_args.data());
         func_decl * f = array_util(m).get_as_array_func_decl(arr->get_expr());
@@ -669,7 +730,7 @@ namespace smt {
     bool theory_array_full::instantiate_default_store_axiom(enode* store) {
         SASSERT(is_store(store));
         SASSERT(store->get_num_args() >= 3);
-        app* store_app = store->get_expr();
+        app* store_app = store->get_app();
         if (!ctx.add_fingerprint(this, m_default_store_fingerprint, store->get_num_args(), store->get_args())) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -747,6 +808,17 @@ namespace smt {
         return {eps, diag};
     }
 
+    void theory_array_full::propagate() {
+        theory_array::propagate();
+        if (m_choice_qhead == m_choice_terms.size())
+            return;
+        ctx.push_trail(value_trail(m_choice_qhead));
+        for (; m_choice_qhead < m_choice_terms.size(); ++m_choice_qhead) {
+            enode *choice = m_choice_terms[m_choice_qhead];
+            instantiate_choice_axiom(choice);
+        }
+    }
+
     final_check_status theory_array_full::assert_delayed_axioms() {        
         final_check_status r = FC_DONE;
         if (!m_params.m_array_delay_exp_axiom) {
@@ -772,6 +844,8 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     bool theory_array_full::has_non_beta_as_array() {
+        if (ctx.get_fparams().m_array_fake_support)
+            return false;
         for (enode* n : m_as_array) {
             for (enode* p : n->get_parents())
                 if (ctx.is_relevant(p) && !ctx.is_beta_redex(p, n)) {
@@ -781,13 +855,28 @@ namespace smt {
         }
         for (enode* n : m_lambdas) 
             for (enode* p : n->get_parents())
-                if (ctx.is_relevant(p) && !is_default(p) && !ctx.is_beta_redex(p, n)) {
+                if (ctx.is_relevant(p) && !is_default(p) && !is_select(p) && !ctx.is_beta_redex(p, n) && !is_congruent_eq(p)) {
                     TRACE(array, tout << "lambda is not a beta redex " << enode_pp(p, ctx) << "\n");
                     return true;
                 }
         return false;
     }
 
+    /**
+       \brief A relevant equality between two array terms whose roots coincide is
+       handled by the congruence axiom asserted on merge (see merge_eh /
+       assert_congruent). Such an equality parent does not make a lambda an
+       unsupported (non beta-redex) occurrence, so it should not trigger a
+       final-check give-up.
+    */
+    bool theory_array_full::is_congruent_eq(enode* p) {
+        expr* a = nullptr, * b = nullptr;
+        if (!m.is_eq(p->get_expr(), a, b))
+            return false;
+        return is_array_sort(p->get_arg(0)) &&
+               p->get_arg(0)->get_root() == p->get_arg(1)->get_root();
+    }
+
 
     bool theory_array_full::instantiate_parent_stores_default(theory_var v) {
         SASSERT(v != null_theory_var);
@@ -839,5 +928,7 @@ namespace smt {
         st.update("array def as-array", m_stats.m_num_default_as_array_axiom);
         st.update("array sel as-array", m_stats.m_num_select_as_array_axiom);
         st.update("array def lambda", m_stats.m_num_default_lambda_axiom);
+        st.update("array sel lambda", m_stats.m_num_select_lambda_axiom);
+        st.update("array choice ax", m_stats.m_num_choice_axiom);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_array_full.h b/src/smt/theory_array_full.h
index 1a5b728147..c9d2a41d70 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_array_full.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_array_full.h
@@ -37,12 +37,15 @@ namespace smt {
         ast2ast_trailmap<sort, app> m_sort2epsilon;
         ast2ast_trailmap<sort, func_decl> m_sort2diag;
         obj_pair_map<expr, expr, bool> m_eqs;
+        enode_vector m_choice_terms;
+        unsigned m_choice_qhead = 0;
         
         static unsigned const m_default_map_fingerprint = UINT_MAX - 112;
         static unsigned const m_default_store_fingerprint = UINT_MAX - 113;
         static unsigned const m_default_const_fingerprint = UINT_MAX - 115;
         static unsigned const m_default_as_array_fingerprint = UINT_MAX - 116;
         static unsigned const m_default_lambda_fingerprint = UINT_MAX - 117;
+        static unsigned const m_choice_fingerprint = UINT_MAX - 118;
 
     protected:
 
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ namespace smt {
         bool internalize_atom(app * atom, bool gate_ctx) override;
         void pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) override;
         theory_var mk_var(enode * n) override;
-        void relevant_eh(app * n) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr * n) override;
 
         bool should_research(expr_ref_vector & unsat_core) override;
         void add_theory_assumptions(expr_ref_vector & assumptions) override;
@@ -80,6 +83,8 @@ namespace smt {
         bool instantiate_default_map_axiom(enode* map);
         bool instantiate_default_as_array_axiom(enode* arr);
         bool instantiate_default_lambda_def_axiom(enode* arr);
+
+        bool instantiate_choice_axiom(enode* ch);
         bool instantiate_parent_stores_default(theory_var v);
 
 
@@ -87,10 +92,12 @@ namespace smt {
         enode_vector m_as_array;
         enode_vector m_lambdas;
         bool has_non_beta_as_array();
+        bool is_congruent_eq(enode* p);
 
         bool instantiate_select_const_axiom(enode* select, enode* cnst);
         bool instantiate_select_as_array_axiom(enode* select, enode* arr);
         bool instantiate_select_map_axiom(enode* select, enode* map);
+        bool instantiate_select_lambda_axiom(enode *select, enode *lambda);
 
         bool instantiate_axiom_map_for(theory_var v);
 
@@ -108,8 +115,9 @@ namespace smt {
         void merge_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2, theory_var, theory_var) override;
         void display_var(std::ostream & out, theory_var v) const override;
         void collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const override;
+        bool can_propagate() override { return theory_array::can_propagate() || m_choice_qhead < m_choice_terms.size(); }
+        void propagate() override;
     };
 
-};
-
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_bv.cpp b/src/smt/theory_bv.cpp
index 14cfc943f4..83d5fd28e1 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_bv.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_bv.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace smt {
         return r;
     }
 
-    app * theory_bv::mk_bit2bool(app * bv, unsigned idx) {
+    app * theory_bv::mk_bit2bool(expr * bv, unsigned idx) {
         parameter p(idx);
         expr * args[1] = {bv};
         return get_manager().mk_app(get_id(), OP_BIT2BOOL, 1, &p, 1, args);
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace smt {
     
     void theory_bv::mk_bits(theory_var v) {
         enode * n             = get_enode(v);
-        app * owner           = n->get_expr();
+        expr * owner           = n->get_expr();
         unsigned bv_size      = get_bv_size(n);
         bool is_relevant      = ctx.is_relevant(n);
         literal_vector & bits = m_bits[v];
@@ -179,11 +179,15 @@ namespace smt {
         if (params().m_bv_reflect) {
             return n->get_arg(idx);
         }
-        else {
-            app * arg     = to_app(n->get_expr()->get_arg(idx));
+        else if (n->is_app()) {
+            app * arg     = to_app(n->get_app()->get_arg(idx));
             SASSERT(ctx.e_internalized(arg));
             return ctx.get_enode(arg);
         }
+        else {
+            UNREACHABLE();
+            return nullptr;
+        }
     }
     
     inline theory_var theory_bv::get_arg_var(enode * n, unsigned idx) {
@@ -236,8 +240,8 @@ namespace smt {
         TRACE(bv_diseq_axiom, tout << "found new diseq axiom\n"; display_var(tout, v1); display_var(tout, v2););
         // found new disequality
         m_stats.m_num_diseq_static++;
-        app * e1       = get_expr(v1);
-        app * e2       = get_expr(v2);
+        expr * e1       = get_expr(v1);
+        expr * e2       = get_expr(v2);
         expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(e1, e2), m);
         literal l       = ~mk_literal(eq);
         std::function<expr*(void)> logfn = [&]() {
@@ -438,8 +442,8 @@ namespace smt {
             return;
         }
         ++m_stats.m_num_eq_dynamic;
-        app* o1 = get_enode(v1)->get_expr();
-        app* o2 = get_enode(v2)->get_expr();
+        expr* o1 = get_expr(v1);
+        expr* o2 = get_expr(v2);
         literal oeq = mk_eq(o1, o2, true);
         ctx.mark_as_relevant(oeq);
 
@@ -475,7 +479,7 @@ namespace smt {
         VERIFY(get_fixed_value(v, val));
         enode* n = get_enode(v);
         if (ctx.watches_fixed(n)) {
-            expr_ref num(m_util.mk_numeral(val, n->get_expr()->get_sort()), m);
+            expr_ref num(m_util.mk_numeral(val, n->get_sort()), m);
             literal_vector& lits = m_tmp_literals;
             lits.reset();
             for (literal b : m_bits[v]) {
@@ -904,15 +908,15 @@ namespace smt {
         case OP_BADD:           internalize_add(term); return true;
         case OP_BSUB:           internalize_sub(term); return true;
         case OP_BMUL:           internalize_mul(term); return true;
-        case OP_BSDIV_I:        internalize_sdiv(term); return true;
+        case OP_BSDIV_I:        internalize_sdiv(term); if (!ctx.relevancy()) assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(term); return true;
 #if ENABLE_QUOT_REM_ENCODING
-        case OP_BUDIV_I:        internalize_udiv_quot_rem(term); return true;
+        case OP_BUDIV_I:        internalize_udiv_quot_rem(term); if (!ctx.relevancy()) assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(term); return true;
 #else
-        case OP_BUDIV_I:        internalize_udiv(term); return true;
+        case OP_BUDIV_I:        internalize_udiv(term); if (!ctx.relevancy()) assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(term); return true;
 #endif
-        case OP_BSREM_I:        internalize_srem(term); return true;
-        case OP_BUREM_I:        internalize_urem(term); return true;
-        case OP_BSMOD_I:        internalize_smod(term); return true;
+        case OP_BSREM_I:        internalize_srem(term); if (!ctx.relevancy()) assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(term); return true;
+        case OP_BUREM_I:        internalize_urem(term); if (!ctx.relevancy()) assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(term); return true;
+        case OP_BSMOD_I:        internalize_smod(term); if (!ctx.relevancy()) assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(term); return true;
         case OP_BAND:           internalize_and(term); return true;
         case OP_BOR:            internalize_or(term); return true;
         case OP_BNOT:           internalize_not(term); return true;
@@ -1124,15 +1128,18 @@ namespace smt {
     // Determine whether bit-vector expression should be approximated
     // based on the number of bits used by the arguments.
     // 
-    bool theory_bv::approximate_term(app* n) {
+    bool theory_bv::approximate_term(expr *e) {
         if (params().m_bv_blast_max_size == INT_MAX) {
             return false;
         }
+        if (!is_app(e))
+            return false;
+        app *n = to_app(e);
         unsigned num_args = n->get_num_args();
         for (unsigned i = 0; i <= num_args; ++i) {
-            expr* arg = (i == num_args)?n:n->get_arg(i);
-            sort* s = arg->get_sort();
-            if (m_util.is_bv_sort(s) && m_util.get_bv_size(arg) > params().m_bv_blast_max_size) {                
+            expr *arg = (i == num_args) ? n : n->get_arg(i);
+            sort *s = arg->get_sort();
+            if (m_util.is_bv_sort(s) && m_util.get_bv_size(arg) > params().m_bv_blast_max_size) {
                 if (!m_approximates_large_bvs) {
                     TRACE(bv, tout << "found large size bit-vector:\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
                     ctx.push_trail(value_trail<bool>(m_approximates_large_bvs));
@@ -1154,7 +1161,7 @@ namespace smt {
     }
     
     void theory_bv::new_eq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
-        TRACE(bv_eq, tout << "new_eq: " << mk_pp(get_enode(v1)->get_expr(), m) << " = " << mk_pp(get_enode(v2)->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
+        TRACE(bv_eq, tout << "new_eq: " << mk_pp(get_expr(v1), m) << " = " << mk_pp(get_expr(v2), m) << "\n";);
         TRACE(bv, tout << "new_eq_eh v" << v1 << " = v" << v2 << " @ " << ctx.get_scope_level() << 
               " relevant1: " << ctx.is_relevant(get_enode(v1)) << 
               " relevant2: " << ctx.is_relevant(get_enode(v2)) << "\n";);
@@ -1218,7 +1225,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
         literal_vector & lits = m_tmp_literals;
         lits.reset();
-        literal eq = mk_eq(get_enode(v1)->get_expr(), get_enode(v2)->get_expr(), true);
+        literal eq = mk_eq(get_expr(v1), get_expr(v2), true);
         lits.push_back(eq);
         it1 = bits1.begin();
         it2 = bits2.begin();
@@ -1232,7 +1239,7 @@ namespace smt {
             lits.push_back(arg);
         }
         TRACE(bv, 
-              tout << mk_pp(get_enode(v1)->get_expr(), m) << " = " << mk_pp(get_enode(v2)->get_expr(), m) << " " 
+              tout << mk_pp(get_expr(v1), m) << " = " << mk_pp(get_expr(v2), m) << " " 
               << ctx.get_scope_level() 
               << "\n";
               ctx.display_literals_smt2(tout, lits););
@@ -1385,10 +1392,17 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     }
     
-    void theory_bv::relevant_eh(app * n) {
+    void theory_bv::relevant_eh(expr * n) {
         TRACE(arith, tout << "relevant: #" << n->get_id() << " " << ctx.e_internalized(n) << ": " << mk_bounded_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         TRACE(bv, tout << "relevant: #" << n->get_id() << " " << ctx.e_internalized(n) << ": " << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
+        if (ctx.relevancy() && m_util.is_bv_divrem(n)) {
+            ctx.mark_as_relevant(to_app(n)->get_arg(0));
+            ctx.mark_as_relevant(to_app(n)->get_arg(1));
+            assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(to_app(n));
+        }
         if (m.is_bool(n)) {
+            if (!ctx.b_internalized(n))
+                return;
             bool_var v = ctx.get_bool_var(n);
             atom * a   = get_bv2a(v);
             if (a && !a->is_bit()) {
@@ -1401,18 +1415,18 @@ namespace smt {
             }
         }
         else if (params().m_bv_enable_int2bv2int && m_util.is_ubv2int(n)) {
-            ctx.mark_as_relevant(n->get_arg(0));
-            assert_bv2int_axiom(n);
+            ctx.mark_as_relevant(to_app(n)->get_arg(0));
+            assert_bv2int_axiom(to_app(n));
         }
         else if (params().m_bv_enable_int2bv2int && m_util.is_int2bv(n)) {
-            ctx.mark_as_relevant(n->get_arg(0));
-            assert_int2bv_axiom(n);
+            ctx.mark_as_relevant(to_app(n)->get_arg(0));
+            assert_int2bv_axiom(to_app(n));
         }
 #if ENABLE_QUOT_REM_ENCODING
         else if (m_util.is_bv_udivi(n)) {
-            ctx.mark_as_relevant(n->get_arg(0));
-            ctx.mark_as_relevant(n->get_arg(1));
-            assert_udiv_quot_rem_axiom(n);
+            ctx.mark_as_relevant(to_app(n)->get_arg(0));
+            ctx.mark_as_relevant(to_app(n)->get_arg(1));
+            assert_udiv_quot_rem_axiom(to_app(n));
         }
 #endif
         else if (ctx.e_internalized(n)) {
@@ -2061,5 +2075,19 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 #endif
 
+    // Add, on the fly, the magnitude bound axioms for division/remainder operators.
+    // Uses the shared bv_util::mk_bv_divrem_bound clause builder so the axiom matches the
+    // one produced by the bv-divrem-bounds simplifier. Only fires for a symbolic divisor.
+    void theory_bv::assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(app * n) {
+        expr_ref_vector clause(m);
+        m_util.mk_bv_divrem_bound(n, clause);
+        if (clause.empty())
+            return;
+        literal_vector lits;
+        for (expr* e : clause)
+            lits.push_back(mk_literal(e));
+        ctx.mk_th_axiom(get_id(), lits.size(), lits.data());
+    }
 
-};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_bv.h b/src/smt/theory_bv.h
index 476912117f..b7b3d15f0c 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_bv.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_bv.h
@@ -144,13 +144,13 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned get_bv_size(app const * n) const { return m_util.get_bv_size(n); }
         unsigned get_bv_size(enode const * n) const { return m_util.get_bv_size(n->get_expr()); }
         unsigned get_bv_size(theory_var v) const { return get_bv_size(get_enode(v)); }
-        bool is_bv(app const* n) const { return m_util.is_bv_sort(n->get_sort()); }
+        bool is_bv(expr const* n) const { return m_util.is_bv_sort(n->get_sort()); }
         bool is_bv(enode const* n) const { return is_bv(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_bv(theory_var v) const { return is_bv(get_enode(v)); }
         region & get_region() { return m_trail_stack.get_region(); }
 
-        bool is_numeral(theory_var v) const { return m_util.is_numeral(get_enode(v)->get_expr()); }
-        app * mk_bit2bool(app * bv, unsigned idx);
+        bool is_numeral(theory_var v) const { return m_util.is_numeral(get_expr(v)); }
+        app * mk_bit2bool(expr * bv, unsigned idx);
         void mk_bits(theory_var v);
         friend class mk_atom_trail;
         void mk_bit2bool(app * n);
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void internalize_smul_no_overflow(app *n);
         void internalize_smul_no_underflow(app *n);
 
-        bool approximate_term(app* n);
+        bool approximate_term(expr* e);
 
         template<bool Signed>
         void internalize_le(app * atom);
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void assert_int2bv_axiom(app* n);
         void assert_bv2int_axiom(app* n);
         void assert_udiv_quot_rem_axiom(app * n);
+        void assert_bv_divrem_bound_axiom(app * n);
 
 
     protected:
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void new_diseq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) override;
         virtual void expand_diseq(theory_var v1, theory_var v2);
         void assign_eh(bool_var v, bool is_true) override;
-        void relevant_eh(app * n) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr * n) override;
         void push_scope_eh() override;
         void pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) override;
         final_check_status final_check_eh(unsigned) override;
@@ -296,4 +297,4 @@ namespace smt {
         bool check_invariant();
         bool check_zero_one_bits(theory_var v);
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_datatype.cpp b/src/smt/theory_datatype.cpp
index c7be4804cd..6d58f0c2f4 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_datatype.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_datatype.cpp
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ namespace smt {
        where acc_i are the accessors of constructor c.
     */
     void theory_datatype::assert_is_constructor_axiom(enode * n, func_decl * c, literal antecedent) {
-        app* e = n->get_expr();
+        app* e = n->get_app();
         TRACE(datatype_bug, tout << "creating axiom (= n (c (acc_1 n) ... (acc_m n))) for\n" 
             << mk_pp(c, m) << " " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";);
         m_stats.m_assert_cnstr++;
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ namespace smt {
         func_decl * d     = n->get_decl();
         ptr_vector<func_decl> const & accessors   = *m_util.get_constructor_accessors(d);
         SASSERT(n->get_num_args() == accessors.size());
-        app_ref_vector bindings(m);
+        expr_ref_vector bindings(m);
         vector<std::tuple<enode *, enode *>> used_enodes;
         used_enodes.push_back(std::make_tuple(nullptr, n));
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < n->get_num_args(); ++i) {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ namespace smt {
     void theory_datatype::assert_update_field_axioms(enode * n) {
         m_stats.m_assert_update_field++;
         SASSERT(is_update_field(n));
-        app*        own  = n->get_expr();
+        app*        own  = n->get_app();
         expr*       arg1 = own->get_arg(0);
         func_decl * upd  = n->get_decl();
         func_decl * acc  = to_func_decl(upd->get_parameter(0).get_ast());
@@ -354,6 +354,7 @@ namespace smt {
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
                 enode * arg = e->get_arg(i);
                 sort * s    = arg->get_sort();
+                sort *e_sort = nullptr;
                 if (m_autil.is_array(s) && m_util.is_datatype(get_array_range(s))) {
                     app_ref def(m_autil.mk_default(arg->get_expr()), m);
                     if (!ctx.e_internalized(def)) {
@@ -361,6 +362,13 @@ namespace smt {
                     }
                     arg = ctx.get_enode(def);       
                 }
+                if (m_fsutil.is_finite_set(s, e_sort) && m_util.is_datatype(e_sort)) {
+                    app_ref def(m_fsutil.mk_empty(s), m);
+                    if (!ctx.e_internalized(def)) {
+                        ctx.internalize(def, false);
+                    }
+                    arg = ctx.get_enode(def);      
+                }
                 if (!m_util.is_datatype(s) && !m_sutil.is_seq(s))
                     continue;
                 if (is_attached_to_var(arg))
@@ -698,7 +706,7 @@ namespace smt {
         return result;
     }
 
-    void theory_datatype::relevant_eh(app * n) {
+    void theory_datatype::relevant_eh(expr * n) {
         force_push();
         TRACE(datatype, tout << "relevant_eh: " << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
         SASSERT(ctx.relevancy());
@@ -799,8 +807,9 @@ namespace smt {
                 found = true;
             }
             sort * s = arg->get_sort();
-            if (m_autil.is_array(s) && m_util.is_datatype(get_array_range(s))) {
-                for (enode* aarg : get_array_args(arg)) {
+            sort *se = nullptr;
+            auto add_args = [&](ptr_vector<enode> const &args) {
+                for (enode *aarg : args) {
                     if (aarg->get_root() == child->get_root()) {
                         if (aarg != child) {
                             m_used_eqs.push_back(enode_pair(aarg, child));
@@ -808,17 +817,16 @@ namespace smt {
                         found = true;
                     }
                 }
+            };
+            if (m_autil.is_array(s) && m_util.is_datatype(get_array_range(s))) {
+                add_args(get_array_args(arg));
+            }
+            if (m_fsutil.is_finite_set(s, se) && m_util.is_datatype(se)) {
+                add_args(get_finite_set_args(arg));
             }
-            sort* se = nullptr;
             if (m_sutil.is_seq(s, se) && m_util.is_datatype(se)) {
-                enode* sibling;
-                for (enode* aarg : get_seq_args(arg, sibling)) {
-                    if (aarg->get_root() == child->get_root()) {
-                        if (aarg != child) 
-                            m_used_eqs.push_back(enode_pair(aarg, child));
-                        found = true;
-                    }
-                }
+                enode *sibling = nullptr;
+                add_args(get_seq_args(arg, sibling));
                 if (sibling && sibling != arg)
                     m_used_eqs.push_back(enode_pair(arg, sibling));
 
@@ -907,6 +915,11 @@ namespace smt {
                         return true;
                 }
             }
+            else if (m_fsutil.is_finite_set(s, se) && m_util.is_datatype(se)) {
+                for (enode *aarg : get_finite_set_args(arg))
+                    if (process_arg(aarg))
+                        return true;
+            }
             else if (m_autil.is_array(s) && m_util.is_datatype(get_array_range(s))) {
                 for (enode* aarg : get_array_args(arg)) 
                     if (process_arg(aarg))
@@ -916,6 +929,33 @@ namespace smt {
         return false;
     }
 
+    ptr_vector<enode> const &theory_datatype::get_finite_set_args(enode *n) {
+        m_args.reset();
+        m_todo.reset();
+        auto add_todo = [&](enode *n) {
+            if (!n->is_marked()) {
+                n->set_mark();
+                m_todo.push_back(n);
+            }
+        };
+        add_todo(n);
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_todo.size(); ++i) {
+            enode *n = m_todo[i];
+            expr *e = n->get_expr();
+            if (m_fsutil.is_singleton(e))
+                m_args.push_back(n->get_arg(0));
+            else if (m_fsutil.is_union(e))
+                for (auto k : enode::args(n))
+                    add_todo(k);
+        }
+        for (enode *n : m_todo)
+            n->unset_mark();
+
+        return m_args;
+    }
+
+
     ptr_vector<enode> const& theory_datatype::get_seq_args(enode* n, enode*& sibling) {
         m_args.reset();
         m_todo.reset();
@@ -1028,6 +1068,7 @@ namespace smt {
         m_util(m),
         m_autil(m),
         m_sutil(m),
+        m_fsutil(m),
         m_find(*this) {
     }
 
@@ -1096,11 +1137,23 @@ namespace smt {
     };
 
     model_value_proc * theory_datatype::mk_value(enode * n, model_generator & mg) {
+        auto mk_fallback = [&]() -> model_value_proc * {
+            app* val = to_app(m_factory->get_some_value(n->get_sort()));
+            TRACE(datatype,
+                  tout << "fallback datatype value for " << pp(n, m)
+                       << " = " << mk_pp(val, m) << "\n";);
+            return alloc(expr_wrapper_proc, val);
+        };
         theory_var v = n->get_th_var(get_id());
+        // Guard before using union-find: null_theory_var is not a valid index for m_find.
+        if (v == null_theory_var)
+            return mk_fallback();
         v            = m_find.find(v);
-        SASSERT(v != null_theory_var);
+        if (v == null_theory_var || static_cast<unsigned>(v) >= m_var_data.size() || m_var_data[v] == nullptr)
+            return mk_fallback();
         var_data * d = m_var_data[v];
-        SASSERT(d->m_constructor);
+        if (d->m_constructor == nullptr)
+            return mk_fallback();
         func_decl * c_decl = d->m_constructor->get_decl();
         datatype_value_proc * result = alloc(datatype_value_proc, c_decl);
         for (enode* arg : enode::args(d->m_constructor)) 
@@ -1361,4 +1414,4 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_datatype.h b/src/smt/theory_datatype.h
index 7287b7da3a..d76740aed9 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_datatype.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_datatype.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include "util/union_find.h"
 #include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "model/datatype_factory.h"
 #include "smt/smt_theory.h"
@@ -60,23 +61,24 @@ namespace smt {
         datatype_util             m_util;
         array_util                m_autil;
         seq_util                  m_sutil;
+        finite_set_util           m_fsutil;
         ptr_vector<var_data>      m_var_data;
         th_union_find             m_find;
         trail_stack               m_trail_stack;
         datatype_factory *        m_factory;
         stats                     m_stats;
 
-        bool is_constructor(app * f) const { return m_util.is_constructor(f); }
-        bool is_recognizer(app * f) const { return m_util.is_recognizer(f); }
-        bool is_subterm_predicate(app * f) const { return m_util.is_subterm_predicate(f); }
-        bool is_accessor(app * f) const { return m_util.is_accessor(f); }
-        bool is_update_field(app * f) const { return m_util.is_update_field(f); }
+        bool is_constructor(expr * f) const { return m_util.is_constructor(f); }
+        bool is_recognizer(expr * f) const { return m_util.is_recognizer(f); }
+        bool is_subterm_predicate(expr * f) const { return m_util.is_subterm_predicate(f); }
+        bool is_accessor(expr * f) const { return m_util.is_accessor(f); }
+        bool is_update_field(expr * f) const { return m_util.is_update_field(f); }
 
         bool is_constructor(enode * n) const { return is_constructor(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_recognizer(enode * n) const { return is_recognizer(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_subterm_predicate(enode * n) const { return is_subterm_predicate(n->get_expr()); }
         bool is_accessor(enode * n) const { return is_accessor(n->get_expr()); }
-        bool is_update_field(enode * n) const { return m_util.is_update_field(n->get_expr()); }
+        bool is_update_field(enode * n) const { return is_update_field(n->get_expr()); }
 
         void assert_eq_axiom(enode * lhs, expr * rhs, literal antecedent);
         void assert_is_constructor_axiom(enode * n, func_decl * c, literal antecedent);
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ namespace smt {
         ptr_vector<enode> m_args, m_todo;
         ptr_vector<enode> const& get_array_args(enode* n);
         ptr_vector<enode> const& get_seq_args(enode* n, enode*& sibling);
+        ptr_vector<enode> const& get_finite_set_args(enode *n);
 
         // class for managing state of final_check
         class final_check_st {
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ namespace smt {
         bool use_diseqs() const override;
         void new_diseq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) override;
         void assign_eh(bool_var v, bool is_true) override;
-        void relevant_eh(app * n) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr * n) override;
         void push_scope_eh() override;
         void pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) override;
         final_check_status final_check_eh(unsigned) override;
@@ -212,6 +215,6 @@ namespace smt {
         bool include_func_interp(func_decl* f) override;
 
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic.cpp b/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic.cpp
index 3d352ee845..7057a47f24 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic.cpp
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ namespace smt {
     template class theory_dense_diff_logic<i_ext>;
     template class theory_dense_diff_logic<smi_ext>;
     template class theory_dense_diff_logic<si_ext>;
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic.h b/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic.h
index 8c2d62aa9a..d60d9edaff 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic.h
@@ -292,6 +292,6 @@ namespace smt {
     typedef theory_dense_diff_logic<i_ext>   theory_dense_i;
     typedef theory_dense_diff_logic<smi_ext> theory_dense_smi;
     typedef theory_dense_diff_logic<si_ext>  theory_dense_si;
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic_def.h b/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic_def.h
index e260b0f6b6..eba0e0ab83 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic_def.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_dense_diff_logic_def.h
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ namespace smt {
         if (!m_non_diff_logic_exprs) {
             TRACE(non_diff_logic, tout << "found non diff logic expression:\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
             ctx.push_trail(value_trail<bool>(m_non_diff_logic_exprs));
-            IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "(smt.diff_logic: non-diff logic expression " << mk_pp(n, m) << ")\n";); 
+            IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "(smt.diff_logic: non-diff logic expression " << mk_pp(n, m) << ")\n";); 
             m_non_diff_logic_exprs = true;
         }
     }
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ namespace smt {
         TRACE(ddl_model, 
               tout << "ddl model\n";
               for (theory_var v = 0; v < num_vars; ++v) {
-                  tout << "#" << mk_pp(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), m) << " = " << m_assignment[v] << "\n";
+                  tout << "#" << mk_pp(get_expr(v), m) << " = " << m_assignment[v] << "\n";
               });
     }
 
@@ -799,11 +799,11 @@ namespace smt {
             enode * n = get_enode(v);
             if (m_autil.is_zero(n->get_expr()) && !m_assignment[v].is_zero()) {
                 numeral val = m_assignment[v];
-                sort * s = n->get_expr()->get_sort();
+                sort * s = n->get_sort();
                 // adjust the value of all variables that have the same sort.
                 for (int v2 = 0; v2 < num_vars; ++v2) {
                     enode * n2 = get_enode(v2);
-                    if (n2->get_expr()->get_sort() == s) {
+                    if (n2->get_sort() == s) {
                         m_assignment[v2] -= val;
                     }
                 }
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ namespace smt {
         TRACE(ddl_model, 
               tout << "ddl model\n";
               for (theory_var v = 0; v < num_vars; ++v) {
-                  tout << "#" << mk_pp(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), m) << " = " << m_assignment[v] << "\n";
+                  tout << "#" << mk_pp(get_expr(v), m) << " = " << m_assignment[v] << "\n";
               });
     }
 
@@ -1123,6 +1123,6 @@ namespace smt {
         return f;
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_diff_logic.cpp b/src/smt/theory_diff_logic.cpp
index 1664dbfe2f..96593cdc00 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_diff_logic.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_diff_logic.cpp
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ template class theory_diff_logic<rdl_ext>;
 template class theory_diff_logic<srdl_ext>;
 
 
-};
+}
 
 namespace simplex {
 template class simplex<mpq_ext>;
 template class sparse_matrix<mpq_ext>;
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_diff_logic.h b/src/smt/theory_diff_logic.h
index 720cdb9bb1..3781042ef5 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_diff_logic.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_diff_logic.h
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ namespace smt {
             m_arith_eq_adapter.restart_eh();
         }
 
-        void relevant_eh(app* e) override {}
+        void relevant_eh(expr* e) override {}
 
         void init_search_eh() override {
             m_arith_eq_adapter.init_search_eh();
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ namespace smt {
     typedef theory_diff_logic<sidl_ext> theory_fidl;
     typedef theory_diff_logic<rdl_ext> theory_rdl;
     typedef theory_diff_logic<srdl_ext> theory_frdl;
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_diff_logic_def.h b/src/smt/theory_diff_logic_def.h
index 382b2d3de9..2d1909ba7a 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_diff_logic_def.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_diff_logic_def.h
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ template<typename Ext>
 void theory_diff_logic<Ext>::found_non_diff_logic_expr(expr * n) {
     if (!m_non_diff_logic_exprs) {
         TRACE(non_diff_logic, tout << "found non diff logic expression:\n" << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
-        IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "(smt.diff_logic: non-diff logic expression " << mk_pp(n, m) << ")\n";); 
+        IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "(smt.diff_logic: non-diff logic expression " << mk_pp(n, m) << ")\n";); 
         ctx.push_trail(value_trail<bool>(m_non_diff_logic_exprs));
         m_non_diff_logic_exprs = true;
     }
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ final_check_status theory_diff_logic<Ext>::final_check_eh(unsigned level) {
     }
 
     for (enode* n : ctx.enodes()) {
-        family_id fid = n->get_expr()->get_family_id();
+        family_id fid = n->get_family_id();
         if (fid != get_family_id() && 
             fid != m.get_basic_family_id() &&
             !is_uninterp_const(n->get_expr())) {
@@ -974,10 +974,9 @@ theory_var theory_diff_logic<Ext>::expand(bool pos, theory_var v, rational & k)
     enode* e = get_enode(v);
     rational r;
     for (;;) {
-        app* n = e->get_expr();
-        if (m_util.is_add(n) && n->get_num_args() == 2) {
-            app* x = to_app(n->get_arg(0));
-            app* y = to_app(n->get_arg(1));
+        expr *x = nullptr, *y = nullptr;
+        expr* n = e->get_expr();
+        if (m_util.is_add(n, x, y)) {
             if (m_util.is_numeral(x, r)) {
                 e = ctx.get_enode(y);                
             }
@@ -1024,8 +1023,8 @@ void theory_diff_logic<Ext>::new_eq_or_diseq(bool is_eq, theory_var v1, theory_v
 
 
         app_ref eq(m), s2(m), t2(m);
-        app* s1 = get_enode(s)->get_expr();
-        app* t1 = get_enode(t)->get_expr();
+        expr* s1 = get_expr(s);
+        expr* t1 = get_expr(t);
         s2 = m_util.mk_sub(t1, s1);
         t2 = m_util.mk_numeral(k, s2->get_sort());
         // t1 - s1 = k
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_dl.cpp b/src/smt/theory_dl.cpp
index ee8c94d9a2..2783d7def4 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_dl.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_dl.cpp
@@ -166,20 +166,20 @@ namespace smt {
         }
 
         void apply_sort_cnstr(enode * n, sort * s) override {
-            app* term = n->get_expr();
+            auto term = n->get_expr();
             if (u().is_finite_sort(term)) {
                 mk_rep(term);
             }
         }
 
         
-        void relevant_eh(app * n) override {
+        void relevant_eh(expr * n) override {
             if (u().is_finite_sort(n)) {
                 sort* s = n->get_sort();
                 func_decl* r, *v;
                 get_rep(s, r, v);
                 
-                if (n->get_decl() != v) {
+                if (is_app(n) && to_app(n)->get_decl() != v) {
                     expr* rep = m().mk_app(r, n);
                     uint64_t vl;
                     if (u().is_numeral_ext(n, vl)) {
@@ -214,11 +214,12 @@ namespace smt {
             }
         }
 
-        bool mk_rep(app* n) {
-            unsigned num_args = n->get_num_args();
+        bool mk_rep(expr* n) {
+
             enode * e = nullptr;
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
-                ctx.internalize(n->get_arg(i), false);
+            if (is_app(n)) {
+                for (auto arg : *to_app(n))
+                    ctx.internalize(arg, false);
             }
             if (ctx.e_internalized(n)) {
                 e = ctx.get_enode(n);
@@ -290,4 +291,4 @@ namespace smt {
 
     theory* mk_theory_dl(context& ctx) { return alloc(theory_dl, ctx); }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_dl.h b/src/smt/theory_dl.h
index 4bcd94e83f..fb87c9f302 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_dl.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_dl.h
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
     theory* mk_theory_dl(context& ctx);
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_dummy.cpp b/src/smt/theory_dummy.cpp
index 7f8af5a9d0..58bdeaab6c 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_dummy.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_dummy.cpp
@@ -70,4 +70,4 @@ namespace smt {
         return m_name; 
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_dummy.h b/src/smt/theory_dummy.h
index de77f292d6..bf4ace8db5 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_dummy.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_dummy.h
@@ -51,6 +51,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
         char const * get_name() const override;
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_finite_set.cpp b/src/smt/theory_finite_set.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc1aae1756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/smt/theory_finite_set.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1036 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    theory_finite_set.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Theory solver for finite sets.
+    Implements axiom schemas for finite set operations.
+
+--*/
+
+#include "smt/theory_finite_set.h"
+#include "smt/smt_context.h"
+#include "smt/smt_model_generator.h"
+#include "smt/smt_arith_value.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+
+namespace smt {
+
+    /**
+    * Constructor.
+    * Set up callback that adds axiom instantiations as clauses. 
+    **/
+    theory_finite_set::theory_finite_set(context& ctx):
+        theory(ctx, ctx.get_manager().mk_family_id("finite_set")),
+        u(m),
+        m_axioms(m), m_rw(m), m_find(*this),
+        m_cardinality_solver(*this)
+    {
+        // Setup the add_clause callback for axioms
+        std::function<void(theory_axiom *)> add_clause_fn =
+            [this](theory_axiom* ax) {
+                this->add_clause(ax);
+            };
+        m_axioms.set_add_clause(add_clause_fn);
+    }
+
+    theory_finite_set::~theory_finite_set() {
+        reset_set_members();
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::reset_set_members() {
+        for (auto [k, s] : m_set_members)
+            dealloc(s);
+        m_set_members.reset();
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * When creating a theory variable, we associate extra data structures with it.
+    * if n := (set.in x S)
+    * then for every T in the equivalence class of S (including S), assert theory axioms for x in T.
+    * 
+    * if n := (setop T U)
+    * then for every (set.in x S) where either S ~ T, S ~ U, assert theory axioms for x in n.
+    * Since n is fresh there are no other (set.in x S) with S ~ n in the state.
+    * 
+    * if n := (set.filter p S)
+    * then for every (set.in x T) where S ~ T, assert theory axiom for x in (set.filter p S)
+    * 
+    * if n := (set.map f S)
+    * then for every (set.in x T) where S ~ T, assert theory axiom for (set.in x S) and map.
+    * In other words, assert 
+    *         (set.in (f x) (set.map f S))
+    */
+    theory_var theory_finite_set::mk_var(enode *n) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "mk_var: " << enode_pp(n, ctx) << "\n");
+        theory_var r = theory::mk_var(n);
+        VERIFY(r == static_cast<theory_var>(m_find.mk_var()));
+        SASSERT(r == static_cast<int>(m_var_data.size()));
+        m_var_data.push_back(alloc(var_data, m));
+        ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector<ptr_vector<var_data>>(m_var_data));
+        ctx.push_trail(new_obj_trail(m_var_data.back()));
+        expr *e = n->get_expr();
+        if (u.is_in(e)) {
+            auto set = n->get_arg(1);
+            auto v = set->get_root()->get_th_var(get_id());
+            SASSERT(v != null_theory_var);
+            m_var_data[v]->m_parent_in.push_back(n);
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_trail(m_var_data[v]->m_parent_in));
+            add_in_axioms(n, m_var_data[v]);  // add axioms x in S x S ~ T, T := setop, or T is arg of setop.
+            auto f = to_app(e)->get_decl();
+            if (!m_set_in_decls.contains(f)) {
+                m_set_in_decls.push_back(f);
+                ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_set_in_decls));
+            }
+        }
+        else if (u.is_union(e) || u.is_intersect(e) || 
+            u.is_difference(e) || u.is_singleton(e) ||
+            u.is_empty(e) || u.is_range(e) || u.is_filter(e) || u.is_map(e)) {            
+            m_var_data[r]->m_setops.push_back(n);
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_trail(m_var_data[r]->m_setops));
+            for (auto arg : enode::args(n)) {
+                expr *e = arg->get_expr();
+                if (!u.is_finite_set(e))
+                    continue;
+                auto v = arg->get_root()->get_th_var(get_id());
+                SASSERT(v != null_theory_var);
+                // add axioms for x in S, e := setop S T ...
+                for (auto in : m_var_data[v]->m_parent_in)
+                    add_membership_axioms(in->get_arg(0)->get_expr(), e);
+                m_var_data[v]->m_parent_setops.push_back(n);
+                ctx.push_trail(push_back_trail(m_var_data[v]->m_parent_setops));
+            }
+        }
+        else if (u.is_range(e)) {
+            
+        }
+        else if (u.is_size(e)) {
+            auto f = to_app(e)->get_decl();
+            m_cardinality_solver.add_set_size(f);
+        }
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    trail_stack& theory_finite_set::get_trail_stack() {
+        return ctx.get_trail_stack();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Merge the equivalence classes of two variables.
+     * parent_in := vector of (set.in x S) terms where S is in the equivalence class of r.
+     * parent_setops := vector of (set.op S T) where S or T is in the equivalence class of r.
+     * setops := vector of (set.op S T) where (set.op S T) is in the equivalence class of r.
+     * 
+     */
+    void theory_finite_set::merge_eh(theory_var root, theory_var other, theory_var, theory_var) {
+        // r is the new root
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "merging v" << root << " v" << other << "\n"; display_var(tout, root);
+              tout << " <- " << mk_pp(get_enode(other)->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
+        SASSERT(root == find(root));
+        var_data *d_root= m_var_data[root];
+        var_data *d_other = m_var_data[other];
+        ctx.push_trail(restore_vector(d_root->m_setops));
+        ctx.push_trail(restore_vector(d_root->m_parent_setops));
+        ctx.push_trail(restore_vector(d_root->m_parent_in));
+        add_in_axioms(root, other);
+        add_in_axioms(other, root);
+        d_root->m_setops.append(d_other->m_setops);
+        d_root->m_parent_setops.append(d_other->m_parent_setops);
+        d_root->m_parent_in.append(d_other->m_parent_in);
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "after merge\n"; display_var(tout, root););
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * for each (set.in x S) in d1->parent_in,
+     *     add axioms for (set.in x S)
+     */
+    void theory_finite_set::add_in_axioms(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
+        auto d1 = m_var_data[v1];
+        auto d2 = m_var_data[v2];
+        for (enode *in : d1->m_parent_in) 
+            add_in_axioms(in, d2);        
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  let (set.in x S) 
+     *
+     *  for each T := (set.op U V) in d2->parent_setops
+     *         then S ~ U or S ~ V by construction
+     *              add axioms for (set.in x T)
+     *        
+     *  for each T := (set.op U V) in d2->setops
+     *         then S ~ T by construction
+     *              add axioms for (set.in x T)
+     * 
+    */
+
+    void theory_finite_set::add_in_axioms(enode *in, var_data *d) {
+        SASSERT(u.is_in(in->get_expr()));
+        auto e = in->get_arg(0)->get_expr();
+        for (enode *setop : d->m_parent_setops) {
+            SASSERT(
+                any_of(enode::args(setop), [&](enode *arg) { return in->get_arg(1)->get_root() == arg->get_root(); }));
+            add_membership_axioms(e, setop->get_expr());
+        }
+
+        for (enode *setop : d->m_setops) {
+            SASSERT(in->get_arg(1)->get_root() == setop->get_root());
+            add_membership_axioms(e, setop->get_expr());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Boolean atomic formulas for finite sets are one of:
+    * (set.in x S)
+    * (set.subset S T)
+    * When an atomic formula is first created it is to be registered with the solver.
+    * The internalize_atom method takes care of this.
+    * Atomic formulas are special cases of terms (of non-Boolean type) so they are registered as terms.
+    *    
+    */
+    bool theory_finite_set::internalize_atom(app * atom, bool gate_ctx) {
+        return internalize_term(atom);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When terms are registered with the solver , we need to ensure that:
+     * - All subterms have an associated E-node
+     * - Boolean terms are registered as boolean variables
+     *   Registering a Boolean variable ensures that the solver will be notified about its truth value.
+     * - Non-Boolean terms have an associated theory variable
+     *   Registering a theory variable ensures that the solver will be notified about equalities and disequalites.
+     *   The solver can use the theory variable to track auxiliary information about E-nodes.    
+    */
+    bool theory_finite_set::internalize_term(app * term) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "internalize_term: " << mk_pp(term, m) << "\n";);
+        
+        // Internalize all arguments first
+        for (expr* arg : *term) 
+            ctx.internalize(arg, false);
+        
+        // Create boolean variable for Boolean terms
+        if (m.is_bool(term) && !ctx.b_internalized(term)) {
+            bool_var bv = ctx.mk_bool_var(term);
+            ctx.set_var_theory(bv, get_id());
+        }
+        
+        // Create enode for the term if needed
+        enode* e = nullptr;
+        if (ctx.e_internalized(term)) 
+            e = ctx.get_enode(term);         
+        else 
+            e = ctx.mk_enode(term, false, m.is_bool(term), true);        
+        
+        // Attach theory variable if this is a set
+        if (!is_attached_to_var(e)){            
+            ctx.attach_th_var(e, this, mk_var(e));
+            TRACE(finite_set, tout << "create_theory_var: " << e->get_th_var(get_id()) << " enode:" << e->get_expr() << "\n";);
+        }
+
+
+        // Assert immediate axioms
+        if (!ctx.relevancy())
+            add_immediate_axioms(term);
+                
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::relevant_eh(expr* t) {
+        if (is_app(t))
+            add_immediate_axioms(to_app(t));
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::apply_sort_cnstr(enode* n, sort* s) {
+        SASSERT(u.is_finite_set(s));
+        if (!is_attached_to_var(n))
+            ctx.attach_th_var(n, this, mk_var(n));
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::new_eq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "new_eq_eh: v" << v1 << " = v" << v2 << "\n";);
+        auto n1 = get_enode(v1);
+        auto n2 = get_enode(v2);
+        if (u.is_finite_set(n1->get_expr()) && u.is_finite_set(n2->get_expr())) {
+            m_eqs.push_back({v1, v2});
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_eqs));
+            m_find.merge(v1, v2);  // triggers merge_eh, which triggers incremental generation of theory axioms
+        }
+
+        // Check if Z3 has a boolean variable for it
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "new_eq_eh_r1: " << n1->get_root() << "r2: "<< n2->get_root() <<"\n";);
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Every dissequality has to be supported by at distinguishing element.
+    * 
+    */
+    void theory_finite_set::new_diseq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "new_diseq_eh: v" << v1 << " != v" << v2 << "\n");
+        auto n1 = get_enode(v1);
+        auto n2 = get_enode(v2);
+        auto e1 = n1->get_expr();
+        auto e2 = n2->get_expr();
+        if (u.is_finite_set(e1) && u.is_finite_set(e2)) {
+            if (e1->get_id() > e2->get_id())
+                std::swap(e1, e2);
+            if (!is_new_axiom(e1, e2))
+                return;
+            if (are_forced_distinct(n1, n2))
+                return;
+            m_diseqs.push_back({v1, v2});
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_diseqs));
+            m_axioms.extensionality_axiom(e1, e2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // TODO: add implementation that detects sets that are known to be distinct.
+    // for example, 
+    // . x in a is assigned to true and y in b is assigned to false and x ~ y
+    // . or upper-bound(set.size(a)) < lower-bound(set.size(b))
+    //   where upper and lower bounds can be queried using arith_value
+    // 
+    bool theory_finite_set::are_forced_distinct(enode* a, enode* b) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Final check for the finite set theory.
+     * The Final Check method is called when the solver has assigned truth values to all Boolean variables.
+     * It is responsible for asserting any remaining axioms and checking for inconsistencies.
+     * 
+     * It ensures saturation with respect to the theory axioms:
+     * - membership axioms
+     * - assume eqs axioms
+    */
+    final_check_status theory_finite_set::final_check_eh(unsigned) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "final_check_eh\n";);
+
+        if (activate_unasserted_clause())
+            return FC_CONTINUE;
+
+        if (activate_range_local_axioms())
+            return FC_CONTINUE;
+
+        if (assume_eqs())
+            return FC_CONTINUE;
+
+        switch (m_cardinality_solver.final_check()) {
+        case l_true: break;
+        case l_false: return FC_CONTINUE;
+        case l_undef: return FC_GIVEUP;
+        }
+        
+        return is_fully_solved() ? FC_DONE : FC_GIVEUP;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Determine if the constraints are fully solved.
+    * They can be fully solved if:
+    * - the model that is going to be produced satisfies all constraints
+    * The model will always satisfy the constraints if:
+    * - there is no occurrence of set.map
+    * - there is not both set.size and set.filter
+    */
+    bool theory_finite_set::is_fully_solved() {
+        bool has_map = false, has_filter = false, has_size = false, has_range = false;
+        for (unsigned v = 0; v < get_num_vars(); ++v) {
+            auto n = get_enode(v);
+            auto e = n->get_expr();
+            if (u.is_filter(e))
+                has_filter = true;
+            if (u.is_map(e))
+                has_map = true;
+            if (u.is_size(e))
+                has_size = true;
+            if (u.is_range(e))
+                has_range = true;
+        }
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "has-map " << has_map << " has-filter-size " << has_filter << has_size << "\n");
+        if (has_map)
+            return false; // todo use more expensive model check here
+        if (has_filter && has_size)
+            return false; // todo use more expensive model check here
+        if (has_range && has_size)
+            return false; // todo use more expensive model check here or even ensure range expressions are handled natively by size.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Add immediate axioms that can be asserted when the atom is created.
+     * These are unit clauses that can be added immediately.
+     * - (set.in x set.empty) is false
+     * - (set.subset S T) <=> (= (set.union S T) T)  (or (= (set.intersect S T) S))
+     * - (set.singleton x) -> (set.in x (set.singleton x))
+     * - (set.range lo hi) -> lo-1,hi+1 not in range, lo, hi in range if lo <= hi     * 
+     *
+     * Other axioms:
+     * - (set.size s)       -> 0 <= (set.size s) <= upper-bound(s)
+     */
+    void theory_finite_set::add_immediate_axioms(app* term) {
+        expr *elem = nullptr, *set = nullptr;
+        expr *lo = nullptr, *hi = nullptr;
+        unsigned sz = m_clauses.axioms.size();
+        if (u.is_in(term, elem, set) && u.is_empty(set))
+            add_membership_axioms(elem, set);
+        else if (u.is_subset(term))
+            m_axioms.subset_axiom(term);
+        else if (u.is_singleton(term))
+            m_axioms.in_singleton_axiom(term);
+        else if (u.is_range(term, lo, hi)) {
+            m_axioms.in_range_axiom(term);
+            auto range = ctx.get_enode(term);
+            auto v = range->get_th_var(get_id());
+            // declare lo-1, lo, hi, hi+1 as range local.
+            // we don't have to add additional range local variables for them.
+            auto &range_local = m_var_data[v]->m_range_local;
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(range_local));
+            arith_util a(m);
+            range_local.push_back(lo);
+            range_local.push_back(hi);
+            range_local.push_back(a.mk_add(lo, a.mk_int(-1)));
+            range_local.push_back(a.mk_add(hi, a.mk_int(1)));
+        }
+        else if (u.is_size(term)) {
+            m_axioms.size_lb_axiom(term);
+            m_axioms.size_ub_axiom(term);
+        }
+       
+        // Assert all new lemmas as clauses
+        for (unsigned i = sz; i < m_clauses.axioms.size(); ++i) {
+            m_clauses.squeue.push_back(i);
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_clauses.squeue));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::assign_eh(bool_var v, bool is_true) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "assign_eh: v" << v << " is_true: " << is_true << "\n";);
+        expr *e = ctx.bool_var2expr(v);
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "assign_eh_expr: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";);
+
+        // retrieve the watch list for clauses where e appears with opposite polarity
+        unsigned idx = 2 * e->get_id() + (is_true ? 1 : 0);
+        if (idx >= m_clauses.watch.size())
+            return;
+
+        // walk the watch list and try to find new watches or propagate
+        unsigned j = 0;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_clauses.watch[idx].size(); ++i) {
+            TRACE(finite_set, tout << "watch[" << i << "] size: " << m_clauses.watch[i].size() << "\n";);
+            auto clause_idx = m_clauses.watch[idx][i];
+            auto* ax = m_clauses.axioms[clause_idx];
+            auto &clause = ax->clause;
+            if (any_of(clause, [&](expr *lit) { return ctx.find_assignment(lit) == l_true; })) {
+                TRACE(finite_set, tout << "satisfied\n";);
+                m_clauses.watch[idx][j++] = clause_idx;
+                continue; // clause is already satisfied
+            }
+            auto is_complement_to = [&](bool is_true, expr* lit, expr* arg) {
+                if (is_true)
+                    return m.is_not(lit) && to_app(lit)->get_arg(0) == arg;
+                else
+                    return lit == arg;
+            };
+            auto lit1 = clause.get(0);
+            [[maybe_unused]] auto lit2 = clause.get(1);
+            auto position = 0;
+            if (is_complement_to(is_true, lit1, e))
+                position = 0;
+            else {
+                SASSERT(is_complement_to(is_true, lit2, e));
+                position = 1;
+            }
+            
+            bool found_swap = false;
+            for (unsigned k = 2; k < clause.size(); ++k) {
+                expr *lit = clause.get(k);
+                if (ctx.find_assignment(lit) == l_false)
+                    continue;
+                // found a new watch     
+                clause.swap(position, k);          
+                // std::swap(clause[position], clause[k]);
+                bool litneg = m.is_not(lit, lit);
+                auto litid = 2 * lit->get_id() + litneg;              
+                m_clauses.watch.reserve(litid + 1);
+                m_clauses.watch[litid].push_back(clause_idx);
+                TRACE(finite_set, tout << "new watch for " << mk_pp(lit, m) << "\n";);
+                found_swap = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (found_swap) 
+                continue;  // the clause is removed from this watch list
+            // either all literals are false, or the other watch literal is propagating.
+            m_clauses.squeue.push_back(clause_idx);
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_clauses.squeue));
+            TRACE(finite_set, tout << "propagate clause\n";);
+            m_clauses.watch[idx][j++] = clause_idx;
+            ++i;
+            for (; i < m_clauses.watch[idx].size(); ++i)
+                m_clauses.watch[idx][j++] = m_clauses.watch[idx][i];
+            break;
+        }
+        m_clauses.watch[idx].shrink(j);
+    }
+
+    bool theory_finite_set::can_propagate() {
+        return m_clauses.can_propagate();
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::propagate() {
+        // TRACE(finite_set, tout << "propagate\n";);
+        ctx.push_trail(value_trail(m_clauses.aqhead));
+        ctx.push_trail(value_trail(m_clauses.sqhead));
+        while (can_propagate() && !ctx.inconsistent()) {
+            // activate newly created clauses
+            while (m_clauses.aqhead < m_clauses.axioms.size()) 
+                activate_clause(m_clauses.aqhead++);
+
+            // empty the propagation queue of clauses to assert
+            while (m_clauses.sqhead < m_clauses.squeue.size() && !ctx.inconsistent()) {
+                auto clause_idx = m_clauses.squeue[m_clauses.sqhead++];
+                auto ax = m_clauses.axioms[clause_idx];
+                assert_clause(ax);
+            }
+        }      
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::activate_clause(unsigned clause_idx) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "activate_clause: " << clause_idx << "\n";);
+        auto* ax = m_clauses.axioms[clause_idx];
+        auto &clause = ax->clause;
+        if (any_of(clause, [&](expr *e) { return ctx.find_assignment(e) == l_true; }))
+            return;
+        if (clause.size() <= 1) {
+            m_clauses.squeue.push_back(clause_idx);
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_clauses.squeue));
+            return;
+        }
+        expr *w1 = nullptr, *w2 = nullptr;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < clause.size(); ++i) {
+            expr *lit = clause.get(i);
+            switch (ctx.find_assignment(lit)) {
+            case l_true:
+                UNREACHABLE();
+                 return; 
+            case l_false: 
+                break;
+            case l_undef:
+                if (!w1) {
+                    w1 = lit;
+                    clause.swap(0, i);
+                }                                    
+                else if (!w2) {
+                    w2 = lit;
+                    clause.swap(1, i);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!w2) {
+            m_clauses.squeue.push_back(clause_idx);
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_clauses.squeue));
+            return;
+        }
+        bool w1neg = m.is_not(w1, w1);
+        bool w2neg = m.is_not(w2, w2);  
+        unsigned w1id = 2 * w1->get_id() + w1neg;
+        unsigned w2id = 2 * w2->get_id() + w2neg;
+        unsigned sz = std::max(w1id, w2id) + 1;
+        m_clauses.watch.reserve(sz);
+        m_clauses.watch[w1id].push_back(clause_idx);
+        m_clauses.watch[w2id].push_back(clause_idx);
+
+        struct unwatch_clause : public trail {
+            theory_finite_set &th;
+            unsigned index;
+            unwatch_clause(theory_finite_set &th, unsigned index) : th(th), index(index) {}
+            void undo() override {
+                auto* ax = th.m_clauses.axioms[index];
+                auto &clause = ax->clause;
+                expr *w1 = clause.get(0);
+                expr *w2 = clause.get(1);
+                bool w1neg = th.m.is_not(w1, w1);
+                bool w2neg = th.m.is_not(w2, w2);
+                unsigned w1id = 2 * w1->get_id() + w1neg;
+                unsigned w2id = 2 * w2->get_id() + w2neg;
+                auto &watch1 = th.m_clauses.watch[w1id];
+                auto &watch2 = th.m_clauses.watch[w2id];
+                watch1.erase(index);
+                watch2.erase(index);
+            }
+        };
+        ctx.push_trail(unwatch_clause(*this, clause_idx));
+    }
+
+
+
+    /**
+     *  Saturate with respect to equality sharing:
+     *  - Sets corresponding to shared variables having the same interpretation should also be congruent
+    */
+    bool theory_finite_set::assume_eqs() {
+        collect_members();
+        expr_ref_vector trail(m); // make sure reference counts to union expressions are valid in this scope
+        obj_map<expr, enode*> set_reprs;
+
+        auto start = ctx.get_random_value();
+        auto sz = get_num_vars();
+        for (unsigned w = 0; w < sz; ++w) {
+            auto v = (w + start) % sz;
+            enode* n = get_enode(v);
+            if (!u.is_finite_set(n->get_expr()))
+                continue;
+            if (!is_relevant_and_shared(n))
+                continue;
+            auto r = n->get_root();
+            // Create a union expression that is canonical (sorted)
+            if (!m_set_members.contains(r))
+                continue;
+            auto& set = *m_set_members[r];
+            ptr_vector<expr> elems;
+            for (auto [e,b] : set)
+                if (b)  
+                    elems.push_back(e->get_expr());
+            std::sort(elems.begin(), elems.end(), [](expr *a, expr *b) { return a->get_id() < b->get_id(); });
+            expr *s = mk_union(elems.size(), elems.data(), n->get_expr()->get_sort());
+            trail.push_back(s);
+            enode *n2 = nullptr;
+            if (!set_reprs.find(s, n2)) {
+                set_reprs.insert(s, r);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (n2->get_root() == r)
+                continue;
+            if (is_new_axiom(n->get_expr(), n2->get_expr()) && assume_eq(n, n2)) {
+                TRACE(finite_set,
+                      tout << "assume " << mk_pp(n->get_expr(), m) << " = " << mk_pp(n2->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    app* theory_finite_set::mk_union(unsigned num_elems, expr* const* elems, sort* set_sort) {
+        app *s = nullptr;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_elems; ++i)
+            s = s ? u.mk_union(s, u.mk_singleton(elems[i])) : u.mk_singleton(elems[i]);
+        return s ? s : u.mk_empty(set_sort);
+    }
+
+
+    bool theory_finite_set::is_new_axiom(expr* a, expr* b) {
+        struct insert_obj_pair_table : public trail {
+            obj_pair_hashtable<expr, expr> &table;
+            expr *a, *b;
+            insert_obj_pair_table(obj_pair_hashtable<expr, expr> &t, expr *a, expr *b) : table(t), a(a), b(b) {}
+            void undo() override {
+                table.erase({a, b});
+            }
+        };
+        if (m_clauses.members.contains({a, b}))
+            return false;
+        m_clauses.members.insert({a, b});
+        ctx.push_trail(insert_obj_pair_table(m_clauses.members, a, b));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Instantiate axioms for a given element in a set.
+    */
+    void theory_finite_set::add_membership_axioms(expr *elem, expr *set) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "add_membership_axioms: " << mk_pp(elem, m) << " in " << mk_pp(set, m) << "\n";);
+
+        // Instantiate appropriate axiom based on set structure
+        if (!is_new_axiom(elem, set))
+            ;
+        else if (u.is_empty(set))
+            m_axioms.in_empty_axiom(elem);        
+        else if (u.is_singleton(set)) 
+            m_axioms.in_singleton_axiom(elem, set);        
+        else if (u.is_union(set)) 
+            m_axioms.in_union_axiom(elem, set);        
+        else if (u.is_intersect(set)) 
+            m_axioms.in_intersect_axiom(elem, set);        
+        else if (u.is_difference(set)) 
+            m_axioms.in_difference_axiom(elem, set);        
+        else if (u.is_range(set))
+            m_axioms.in_range_axiom(elem, set);        
+        else if (u.is_map(set)) {
+            // sort *elem_sort = u.finte_set_elem_sort(set->get_sort());
+            
+            // set.map_inverse can loop. need to check instance generation.
+            m_axioms.in_map_axiom(elem, set);
+            
+            // this can also loop:
+            m_axioms.in_map_image_axiom(elem, set);
+        }
+        else if (u.is_filter(set)) {
+            m_axioms.in_filter_axiom(elem, set);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::add_clause(theory_axiom* ax) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "add_clause: " << *ax << "\n");
+        ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(m_clauses.axioms));
+        ctx.push_trail(new_obj_trail(ax));
+        m_clauses.axioms.push_back(ax);
+        m_stats.m_num_axioms_created++;
+    }
+
+    theory * theory_finite_set::mk_fresh(context * new_ctx) {
+        return alloc(theory_finite_set, *new_ctx);
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::display(std::ostream & out) const {
+        out << "theory_finite_set:\n";
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_clauses.axioms.size(); ++i)
+            out << "[" << i << "]: " << *m_clauses.axioms[i] << "\n";
+        for (unsigned v = 0; v < get_num_vars(); ++v)
+            display_var(out, v);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_clauses.watch.size(); ++i) {
+            if (m_clauses.watch[i].empty())
+                continue;
+            out << "watch[" << i << "] := " << m_clauses.watch[i] << "\n";
+        }
+        m_cardinality_solver.display(out);
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set::init_model(model_generator & mg) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "init_model\n";);
+        // Model generation will use default interpretation for sets
+        // The model will be constructed based on the membership literals that are true
+        m_factory = alloc(finite_set_factory, m, u.get_family_id(), mg.get_model());
+        mg.register_factory(m_factory);
+        collect_members();
+        m_cardinality_solver.init_model(mg);
+    }
+   
+    void theory_finite_set::collect_members() {
+        // This method can be used to collect all elements that are members of sets
+        // and ensure that the model factory has values for them.
+        // For now, we rely on the default model construction.
+        reset_set_members();
+
+        for (auto f : m_set_in_decls) {
+            for (auto n : ctx.enodes_of(f)) {
+                if (!ctx.is_relevant(n))
+                    continue;
+                SASSERT(u.is_in(n->get_expr()));
+                auto x = n->get_arg(0)->get_root();
+                if (x->is_marked())
+                    continue;
+                x->set_mark();  // make sure we only do this once per element
+                for (auto p : enode::parents(x)) {
+                    if (!ctx.is_relevant(p))
+                        continue;
+                    if (!u.is_in(p->get_expr()))
+                        continue;
+                    bool b = ctx.find_assignment(p->get_expr()) == l_true;
+                    auto set = p->get_arg(1)->get_root();
+                    auto elem = p->get_arg(0)->get_root();
+                    if (elem != x)
+                        continue;
+                    if (!m_set_members.contains(set)) {
+                        using om = obj_map<enode, bool>;
+                        auto m = alloc(om);
+                        m_set_members.insert(set, m);
+                    }
+                    m_set_members.find(set)->insert(x, b);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto f : m_set_in_decls) {
+            for (auto n : ctx.enodes_of(f)) {
+                SASSERT(u.is_in(n->get_expr()));
+                auto x = n->get_arg(0)->get_root();     
+                if (x->is_marked())
+                    x->unset_mark();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // to collect range interpretations for S:
+    // walk parents of S that are (set.in x S)
+    // evaluate truth value of (set.in x S), evaluate x
+    // add (eval(x), eval(set.in x S)) into a vector.
+    // sort the vector by eval(x)
+    // [(v1, b1), (v2, b2), ..., (vn, bn)]
+    // for the first i, with b_i true, add the range [vi, v_{i+1}-1].
+    // the last bn should be false by construction.
+
+    void theory_finite_set::add_range_interpretation(enode* s) {
+        vector<std::tuple<rational, enode *, bool>> elements;
+        arith_value av(m);
+        av.init(&ctx);
+        for (auto p : enode::parents(s)) {
+            if (!ctx.is_relevant(p))
+                continue;
+            if (u.is_in(p->get_expr())) {
+                rational val;
+                auto x = p->get_arg(0)->get_root();
+                VERIFY(av.get_value_equiv(x->get_expr(), val) && val.is_int());
+                elements.push_back({val, x, ctx.find_assignment(p->get_expr()) == l_true});
+            }
+        }
+        std::stable_sort(elements.begin(), elements.end(),
+                         [](auto const &a, auto const &b) { return std::get<0>(a) < std::get<0>(b); });
+
+
+    }
+
+    struct finite_set_value_proc : model_value_proc {    
+        theory_finite_set &th;        
+        app_ref m_unique_value;
+        enode *n = nullptr;
+        obj_map<enode, bool>* m_elements = nullptr;
+
+        // use range interpretations if there is a range constraint and the base sort is integer
+        bool use_range() {
+            auto &m = th.m;
+            sort *base_s = nullptr;
+            VERIFY(th.u.is_finite_set(n->get_expr()->get_sort(), base_s));
+            arith_util a(m);
+            if (!a.is_int(base_s))
+                return false;
+            func_decl_ref range_fn(th.u.mk_range_decl(), m);
+            return th.ctx.get_num_enodes_of(range_fn.get()) > 0;
+        }
+
+        finite_set_value_proc(theory_finite_set &th, enode *n, obj_map<enode, bool> *elements)
+            : th(th), m_unique_value(th.m), n(n), m_elements(elements) {}
+
+                finite_set_value_proc(theory_finite_set &th, app* value)
+            : th(th), m_unique_value(value, th.m) {}
+
+        void get_dependencies(buffer<model_value_dependency> &result) override {
+            if (m_unique_value)
+                return;
+            if (!m_elements)
+                return;
+            bool ur = use_range();
+            for (auto [n, b] : *m_elements)
+                if (!ur || b)
+                    result.push_back(model_value_dependency(n));
+        }
+
+        app *mk_value(model_generator &mg, expr_ref_vector const &values) override {   
+            if (m_unique_value)
+                return m_unique_value;
+            auto s = n->get_sort();
+            if (values.empty())
+                return th.u.mk_empty(s);
+
+            SASSERT(m_elements);            
+            if (use_range())
+                return mk_range_value(mg, values);
+            else 
+                return th.mk_union(values.size(), values.data(), s);
+        }
+
+        app *mk_range_value(model_generator &mg, expr_ref_vector const &values) {
+            arith_value av(th.m);
+            av.init(&th.ctx);
+            vector<std::tuple<rational, enode *, bool>> elems;
+            for (auto [n, b] : *m_elements) {
+                rational r;
+                av.get_value(n->get_expr(), r);               
+                elems.push_back({r, n, b});
+            }
+            std::stable_sort(elems.begin(), elems.end(),
+                             [](auto const &a, auto const &b) { return std::get<0>(a) < std::get<0>(b); });
+            app *range = nullptr;
+            arith_util a(th.m);
+
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j < elems.size(); ++j) {
+                auto [r, n, b] = elems[j];
+                if (!b)
+                    continue;
+                rational lo = r;
+                rational hi = j + 1 < elems.size() ? std::get<0>(elems[j + 1]) - rational(1) : r;
+                while (j + 1 < elems.size() && std::get<0>(elems[j + 1]) == hi + rational(1) && std::get<2>(elems[j + 1])) {
+                    hi = std::get<0>(elems[j + 1]);
+                    ++j;
+                }
+                auto new_range = th.u.mk_range(a.mk_int(lo), a.mk_int(hi));
+                range = range ? th.u.mk_union(range, new_range) : new_range;
+            }
+            return range ? range : th.u.mk_empty(n->get_sort());        
+        }
+    };
+
+    model_value_proc * theory_finite_set::mk_value(enode * n, model_generator & mg) {
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "mk_value: " << mk_pp(n->get_expr(), m) << "\n";);
+        app *value = m_cardinality_solver.get_unique_value(n->get_expr());
+        if (value)
+            return alloc(finite_set_value_proc, *this, value);
+        obj_map<enode, bool>*elements = nullptr;
+        n = n->get_root();
+        m_set_members.find(n, elements); 
+        return alloc(finite_set_value_proc, *this, n, elements);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+    * a theory axiom can be unasserted if it contains two or more literals that have
+    * not been internalized yet.
+    */
+    bool theory_finite_set::activate_unasserted_clause() {
+        for (auto const &clause : m_clauses.axioms) {
+            if (assert_clause(clause))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Add x-1, x+1 in range axioms for every x in setop(range, S)
+     * then x-1, x+1 will also propagate against setop(range, S).
+     */
+    bool theory_finite_set::activate_range_local_axioms() {
+        bool new_axiom = false;
+        func_decl_ref range_fn(u.mk_range_decl(), m);
+        for (auto range : ctx.enodes_of(range_fn.get())) {
+            SASSERT(u.is_range(range->get_expr()));
+            auto v = range->get_th_var(get_id());
+            for (auto p : m_var_data[v]->m_parent_setops) {
+                auto w = p->get_th_var(get_id());
+                for (auto in : m_var_data[w]->m_parent_in) {
+                    if (activate_range_local_axioms(in->get_arg(0)->get_expr(), range))
+                        new_axiom = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return new_axiom;
+    }
+
+
+    bool theory_finite_set::activate_range_local_axioms(expr* elem, enode* range) {
+        auto v = range->get_th_var(get_id());
+        auto &range_local = m_var_data[v]->m_range_local;
+        auto &parent_in = m_var_data[v]->m_parent_in;
+
+        // simplify elem to canonical form (e.g., (1+1) -> 2)
+        expr_ref elem_simplified(elem, m);
+        m_rw(elem_simplified);
+
+        if (range_local.contains(elem_simplified))
+            return false;
+        arith_util a(m);
+        expr_ref lo(a.mk_add(elem_simplified, a.mk_int(-1)), m);
+        expr_ref hi(a.mk_add(elem_simplified, a.mk_int(1)), m);
+        
+        // simplify lo and hi to avoid nested expressions like ((1+1)+1)
+        m_rw(lo);
+        m_rw(hi);
+        bool new_axiom = false;
+        if (!range_local.contains(lo) && all_of(parent_in, [lo](enode* in) { return in->get_arg(0)->get_expr() != lo; })) {
+            // lo is not range local and lo is not already in an expression (lo in range)
+            // checking that lo is not in range_local is actually redundant because we will instantiate 
+            // membership expressions for every range local expression.
+            // but we keep this set and check for now in case we want to change the saturation strategy.
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(range_local));
+            range_local.push_back(lo);
+            m_axioms.in_range_axiom(lo, range->get_expr());
+            new_axiom = true;
+        }
+        if (!range_local.contains(hi) &&
+            all_of(parent_in, [&hi](enode *in) { return in->get_arg(0)->get_expr() != hi; })) {
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_vector(range_local));
+            range_local.push_back(hi);
+            m_axioms.in_range_axiom(hi, range->get_expr());
+            new_axiom = true;
+        }
+        return new_axiom;
+    }
+
+    bool theory_finite_set::assert_clause(theory_axiom const *ax) {
+        expr *unit = nullptr;
+        unsigned undef_count = 0;
+        auto &clause = ax->clause;
+        for (auto e : clause) {
+            switch (ctx.find_assignment(e)) {
+            case l_true:
+                return false; // clause is already satisfied
+            case l_false:
+                break;
+            case l_undef:
+                ++undef_count;
+                unit = e;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (undef_count == 1) {
+            TRACE(finite_set, tout << "propagate unit:" << clause << "\n";);
+            auto lit = mk_literal(unit);
+            literal_vector antecedent;
+            for (auto e : clause) {
+                if (e != unit)
+                    antecedent.push_back(~mk_literal(e));
+            }
+            m_stats.m_num_axioms_propagated++;
+            enode_pair_vector eqs;
+            auto just = ext_theory_propagation_justification(get_id(), ctx, antecedent.size(), antecedent.data(), eqs.size(), eqs.data(), 
+                lit, ax->params.size(), ax->params.data());
+            auto bjust = ctx.mk_justification(just);
+            if (ctx.clause_proof_active()) {
+                // assume all justifications is a non-empty list of symbol parameters
+                // proof logging is basically broken: it doesn't log propagations, but instead
+                // only propagations that are processed by conflict resolution. 
+                // this misses conflicts at base level.
+                proof_ref pr(m);
+                proof_ref_vector args(m);
+                for (auto a : antecedent) 
+                    args.push_back(m.mk_hypothesis(ctx.literal2expr(a)));          
+                pr = m.mk_th_lemma(get_id(), unit, args.size(), args.data(), ax->params.size(), ax->params.data());
+                justification_proof_wrapper jp(ctx, pr.get(), false);
+                ctx.get_clause_proof().propagate(lit, &jp, antecedent);
+                jp.del_eh(m);
+            }
+            ctx.assign(lit, bjust);                                
+            return true;
+        }
+        bool is_conflict = (undef_count == 0);
+        if (is_conflict)
+            m_stats.m_num_axioms_conflicts++;
+        else
+            m_stats.m_num_axioms_case_splits++;
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "assert " << (is_conflict ? "conflict" : "case split") << clause << "\n";);
+        literal_vector lclause;
+        for (auto e : clause)
+            lclause.push_back(mk_literal(e));
+        ctx.mk_th_axiom(get_id(), lclause, ax->params.size(), ax->params.data());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& theory_finite_set::display_var(std::ostream& out, theory_var v) const {
+        out << "v" << v << " := " << enode_pp(get_enode(v), ctx) << "\n";
+        auto d = m_var_data[v];
+        if (!d->m_setops.empty()) {
+            out << "  setops: ";
+            for (auto n : d->m_setops)
+                out << enode_pp(n, ctx) << " ";
+            out << "\n";
+        }
+        if (!d->m_parent_setops.empty()) {
+            out << "  parent_setops: ";
+            for (auto n : d->m_parent_setops)
+                out << enode_pp(n, ctx) << " ";
+            out << "\n";
+        }
+        if (!d->m_parent_in.empty()) {
+            out << "  parent_in: ";
+            for (auto n : d->m_parent_in)
+                out << enode_pp(n, ctx) << " ";
+            out << "\n";
+        }
+
+        return out;
+    }
+
+}  // namespace smt
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_finite_set.h b/src/smt/theory_finite_set.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb7e08fec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/smt/theory_finite_set.h
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    theory_finite_set.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    The theory solver relies on instantiating axiom schemas for finite sets.
+    The instantation rules can be represented as implementing inference rules
+    that encode the semantics of set operations.
+    It reduces satisfiability into a combination of satisfiability of arithmetic and uninterpreted functions.
+
+    This module implements axiom schemas that are invoked by saturating constraints
+    with respect to the semantics of set operations.
+
+    Let v1 ~ v2 mean that v1 and v2 are congruent
+
+    The set-based decision procedure relies on saturating with respect
+    to rules of the form:
+
+       x in v1 a term, v1 ~ set.empty
+    -----------------------------------
+           not (x in set.empty)
+
+
+     x in v1 a term , v1 ~ v3, v3 := (set.union v4 v5)
+     -----------------------------------------------
+           x in v3 <=> x in v4 or x in v5
+
+     x in v1 a term, v1 ~ v3, v3 := (set.intersect v4 v5)
+     ---------------------------------------------------
+           x in v3 <=> x in v4 and x in v5
+
+    x in v1 a term, v1 ~ v3, v3 := (set.difference v4 v5)
+    ---------------------------------------------------
+         x in v3 <=> x in v4 and not (x in v5)
+
+    x in v1 a term, v1 ~ v3, v3 := (set.singleton v4)
+    -----------------------------------------------
+         x in v3 <=> x == v4
+
+    x in v1 a term, v1 ~ v3, v3 := (set.range lo hi)
+    -----------------------------------------------
+         x in v3 <=> (lo <= x <= hi)
+
+    x in v1 a term, v1 ~ v3, v3 := (set.map f v4)
+    -----------------------------------------------
+     x in v3 <=> set.map_inverse(f, x, v4) in v4
+
+    x in v1 a term, v1 ~ v3, v3 := (set.map f v4)
+   -----------------------------------------------
+        x in v4 => f(x) in v3
+
+
+   x in v1 is a term, v1 ~ v3, v3 == (set.filter p v4)
+   -----------------------------------------------
+        x in v3 <=> p(x) and x in v4
+
+Rules are encoded in src/ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.cpp as clauses.
+
+The central claim is that the above rules are sufficient to
+decide satisfiability of finite set constraints for a subset
+of operations, namely union, intersection, difference, singleton, membership.
+Model construction proceeds by selecting every set.in(x_i, v) for a 
+congruence root v. Then the set of elements { x_i | set.in(x_i, v) } 
+is the interpretation.
+
+This approach for model-construction, however, does not work with ranges, or is impractical.
+For ranges we can adapt a different model construction approach.
+
+When introducing select and map, decidability can be lost.
+
+
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.h"
+#include "util/obj_pair_hashtable.h"
+#include "util/union_find.h"
+#include "smt/smt_theory.h"
+#include "smt/theory_finite_set_size.h"
+#include "model/finite_set_factory.h"
+
+namespace smt {
+    class context;
+
+    class theory_finite_set : public theory {
+        using th_union_find = union_find<theory_finite_set>;
+        friend class theory_finite_set_test;
+        friend class theory_finite_set_size;
+        friend struct finite_set_value_proc;
+
+        struct var_data {
+            ptr_vector<enode> m_setops;                // set operations equivalent to this
+            ptr_vector<enode> m_parent_in;             // x in A expressions
+            ptr_vector<enode> m_parent_setops;         // set of set expressions where this appears as sub-expression
+            expr_ref_vector   m_range_local;           // set of range local variables associated with range
+            var_data(ast_manager &m) : m_range_local(m) {}
+        };
+
+        struct theory_clauses {
+            ptr_vector<theory_axiom>    axioms;            // vector of created theory axioms
+            unsigned                aqhead = 0;        // queue head of created axioms
+            unsigned_vector         squeue;            // propagation queue of axioms to be added to the solver
+            unsigned                sqhead = 0;        // head into propagation queue axioms to be added to solver
+            obj_pair_hashtable<expr, expr> members;    // set of membership axioms that were instantiated
+            vector<unsigned_vector>  watch;            // watch list from expression index to clause occurrence
+
+            bool can_propagate() const {
+                return sqhead < squeue.size() || aqhead < axioms.size();
+            }
+        };
+
+        struct stats {
+            unsigned m_num_axioms_created = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_axioms_conflicts = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_axioms_propagated = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_axioms_case_splits = 0;
+
+            void collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const {
+                st.update("finite-set-axioms-created", m_num_axioms_created);
+                st.update("finite-set-axioms-propagated", m_num_axioms_propagated);
+                st.update("finite-set-axioms-conflicts", m_num_axioms_conflicts);
+                st.update("finite-set-axioms-case-splits", m_num_axioms_case_splits);
+            }
+        };
+
+        finite_set_util           u;
+        finite_set_axioms         m_axioms;
+        th_rewriter               m_rw;
+        th_union_find             m_find;
+        theory_clauses            m_clauses;
+        theory_finite_set_size m_cardinality_solver;
+        finite_set_factory *m_factory = nullptr;
+        obj_map<enode, obj_map<enode, bool> *> m_set_members;
+        ptr_vector<func_decl> m_set_in_decls;
+        ptr_vector<var_data> m_var_data;
+        svector<std::pair<theory_var, theory_var>> m_diseqs, m_eqs;
+        stats m_stats;
+               
+    protected:
+        // Override relevant methods from smt::theory
+        bool internalize_atom(app * atom, bool gate_ctx) override;
+        bool internalize_term(app * term) override;
+        void new_eq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) override;
+        void new_diseq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) override;
+        void apply_sort_cnstr(enode *n, sort *s) override; 
+        final_check_status final_check_eh(unsigned) override;
+        bool can_propagate() override;
+        void propagate() override;
+        void assign_eh(bool_var v, bool is_true) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr *n) override;
+        
+        theory * mk_fresh(context * new_ctx) override;
+        char const * get_name() const override { return "finite_set"; }
+        void display(std::ostream & out) const override;
+        void init_model(model_generator & mg) override;
+        model_value_proc * mk_value(enode * n, model_generator & mg) override;
+        theory_var mk_var(enode *n) override;
+
+        void collect_statistics(::statistics & st) const override {
+            m_stats.collect_statistics(st);
+        }
+
+        void add_in_axioms(theory_var v1, theory_var v2);
+        void add_in_axioms(enode *in, var_data *d);
+
+        // Helper methods for axiom instantiation
+        void add_membership_axioms(expr* elem, expr* set);
+        void add_clause(theory_axiom * ax);
+        bool assert_clause(theory_axiom const *ax);
+        void activate_clause(unsigned index);
+        bool activate_unasserted_clause();
+        void add_immediate_axioms(app *atom);
+        bool activate_range_local_axioms();
+        bool activate_range_local_axioms(expr *elem, enode *range);
+        bool assume_eqs();
+        bool is_new_axiom(expr *a, expr *b);
+        app *mk_union(unsigned num_elems, expr *const *elems, sort* set_sort);
+        bool is_fully_solved();
+
+        // model construction
+        void collect_members();
+        void reset_set_members();
+        void add_range_interpretation(enode *s);
+
+        // manage union-find of theory variables
+        theory_var find(theory_var v) const { return m_find.find(v); }        
+        bool is_root(theory_var v) const { return m_find.is_root(v); }
+
+        std::ostream &display_var(std::ostream &out, theory_var v) const;
+
+        bool are_forced_distinct(enode *a, enode *b);
+        
+    public:
+        theory_finite_set(context& ctx);
+        ~theory_finite_set() override;
+
+        // for union-find
+        trail_stack &get_trail_stack();
+        void merge_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2, theory_var, theory_var);
+        void after_merge_eh(theory_var r1, theory_var r2, theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {}
+        void unmerge_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {}
+    };
+
+}  // namespace smt 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_finite_set_size.cpp b/src/smt/theory_finite_set_size.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9c4a9ddff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/smt/theory_finite_set_size.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    theory_finite_set_size.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Theory solver for finite sets.
+    Implements axiom schemas for finite set operations.
+
+--*/
+
+#include "smt/theory_finite_set.h"
+#include "smt/theory_finite_set_size.h"
+#include "smt/smt_context.h"
+#include "smt/smt_model_generator.h"
+#include "smt/smt_arith_value.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+
+namespace smt {
+
+    theory_finite_set_size::theory_finite_set_size(theory_finite_set& th): 
+        m(th.m), ctx(th.ctx), th(th), u(m), bs(m), m_assumption(m), m_slacks(m), m_pinned(m) {}
+
+    void theory_finite_set_size::add_set_size(func_decl* f) {
+        if (!m_set_size_decls.contains(f)) {
+            m_set_size_decls.push_back(f);
+            ctx.push_trail(push_back_trail(m_set_size_decls));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void theory_finite_set_size::initialize_solver() {
+        struct clear_solver : public trail {
+            theory_finite_set_size &s;
+        public:
+            clear_solver(theory_finite_set_size &s) : s(s) {}
+            void undo() override {
+                s.m_solver = nullptr;
+                s.n2b.reset();
+                s.m_assumptions.reset();
+                s.bs.reset();
+                s.m_slacks.reset();
+                s.m_slack_members.reset();
+                s.m_pinned.reset();
+                s.m_unique_values.reset();
+            }
+        };
+        ctx.push_trail(clear_solver(*this));
+        m_solver = alloc(context, m, ctx.get_fparams(), ctx.get_params());
+        // collect all expressons that use cardinality constraints
+        // collect cone of influence of sets terminals used in cardinality constraints
+        // for every visited uninterpreted set variable add a Boolean variable
+        // for every visited set expression add definitions as constraints to m_cardinality solver
+        // introduce fresh variables for set membership constraints
+        // assume that distinct enodes in set memberships produce different sets
+        // assert added disequalities
+        // assert equalities based on union-find equalities
+        // assert set membership constraints by in
+
+        enode_vector ns;
+        collect_subexpressions(ns);
+
+        //
+        // we now got all subexpressions from equalities, disequalities, set.in
+        //        
+        // associate a Boolean variable with every set enode
+        for (auto n : ns) {
+            std::ostringstream strm;
+            strm << "|" << enode_pp(n, ctx) << "|";
+            symbol name = symbol(strm.str());
+            expr_ref b(m.mk_const(name, m.mk_bool_sort()), m);
+            bs.push_back(b);
+            n2b.insert(n, b);
+            TRACE(finite_set, tout << "assoc " << name << " to " << enode_pp(n, ctx) << " " << enode_pp(n->get_root(), ctx) << "\n";);
+        }
+
+        add_def_axioms(ns);  
+        // b_{s u t} <-> b_{s} or b_{t}, 
+        // b_{s n t} <-> b_{s} and b_{t}, 
+        // b_{s\t}   <-> b_{s} and not b_{t}
+        add_singleton_axioms(ns);  // (set.in x s) -> b_{x} => b_s          - for occurrences of (set.in x s)
+        add_diseq_axioms(ns);      // s = t or |s\t| > 0 or |t\s| > 0       - for disqualities
+        add_eq_axioms(ns);         // s = t -> b_{s} <=> b_{t}              - for equalities
+
+        TRACE(finite_set, display(tout));
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * For every (supported) set expression ensure associated Boolean expressions follow semantics
+    */
+    void theory_finite_set_size::add_def_axioms(enode_vector const& ns) {
+        for (auto n : ns) {
+            expr *e = n->get_expr();
+            if (u.is_union(e)) {
+                auto a = n2b[n->get_arg(0)];
+                auto b = n2b[n->get_arg(1)];
+                m_solver->assert_expr(m.mk_iff(n2b[n], m.mk_or(a, b)));
+            }
+            else if (u.is_intersect(e)) {
+                auto a = n2b[n->get_arg(0)];
+                auto b = n2b[n->get_arg(1)];
+                m_solver->assert_expr(m.mk_iff(n2b[n], m.mk_and(a, b)));
+            }
+            else if (u.is_difference(e)) {
+                auto a = n2b[n->get_arg(0)];
+                auto not_b = m.mk_not(n2b[n->get_arg(1)]);
+                m_solver->assert_expr(m.mk_iff(n2b[n], m.mk_and(a, not_b)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    enode* theory_finite_set_size::mk_singleton(enode* n) {
+        expr_ref s(u.mk_singleton(n->get_expr()), m);
+        ctx.ensure_internalized(s);
+        ctx.mark_as_relevant(s.get());
+        return ctx.get_enode(s);
+    }
+
+    enode* theory_finite_set_size::mk_diff(enode* a, enode* b) {
+        expr_ref d(u.mk_difference(a->get_expr(), b->get_expr()), m);
+        ctx.ensure_internalized(d);
+        ctx.mark_as_relevant(d.get());
+        return ctx.get_enode(d);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For every set membership (set.in x s) track propositional 
+     * (set.in x S) => b_{x} => b_S
+     * ~(set.in x S) => b_{x} => not b_S
+     * 
+     * Constrain singletons with cardinality constraints:
+     * |{x}| = 1
+     */
+
+    void theory_finite_set_size::add_singleton_axioms(enode_vector const &ns) {
+        for (auto n : ns) {
+            for (auto p : enode::parents(n)) {
+                if (!u.is_in(p->get_expr()))
+                    continue;
+                if (!ctx.is_relevant(p))
+                    continue;
+                auto v = ctx.get_assignment(p);
+                if (v == l_undef)
+                    continue;
+                auto e = p->get_arg(0)->get_root();
+                TRACE(finite_set, tout << "singleton axiom for " << enode_pp(e, ctx) << " in " << enode_pp(p, ctx) 
+                      << " is " << v << "\n";);
+                auto s = mk_singleton(e);
+                SASSERT(n2b.contains(p->get_arg(1)));
+                SASSERT(n2b.contains(s));
+                auto X = n2b[s];
+                auto S = n2b[p->get_arg(1)];
+                if (v == l_false)
+                    S = m.mk_not(S);
+                auto is_in = m.mk_implies(X, S);
+                in lit(p, v == l_true);
+                std::ostringstream strm;
+                strm << "|" << (v == l_false ? "~":"") << enode_pp(p, ctx) << "|";
+                symbol name = symbol(strm.str());
+                expr* t = m.mk_const(name, m.mk_bool_sort());
+                bs.push_back(t);
+                m_assumptions.insert(t, lit);
+                m_solver->assert_expr(m.mk_implies(t, is_in));
+
+                // add size axiom |s| = 1
+                arith_util a(m);
+                auto l = th.mk_literal(m.mk_eq(u.mk_size(s->get_expr()), a.mk_int(1)));
+                ctx.mk_th_axiom(th.get_id(), l);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * For every asserted equality ensure equivalence
+    */
+    void theory_finite_set_size::add_eq_axioms(enode_vector const &ns) {
+        for (auto [a, b] : th.m_eqs) {
+            auto x = th.get_enode(a);
+            auto y = th.get_enode(b);
+            if (n2b.contains(x) && n2b.contains(y)) {
+                eq e = {a, b};
+                std::ostringstream strm;
+                strm << "|" << enode_pp(x, ctx) << " == " << enode_pp(y, ctx) << "|";
+                symbol name = symbol(strm.str());
+                auto t = m.mk_const(name, m.mk_bool_sort());
+                bs.push_back(t);
+                m_assumptions.insert(t, e);
+                m_solver->assert_expr(m.mk_implies(t, m.mk_iff(n2b[x], n2b[y])));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    * For every disequality include the assertions x = y or |x\y| >= 1 or |y\z| >= 1
+    * The expressions x\y and y\x are created when ns is created.
+    */
+    void theory_finite_set_size::add_diseq_axioms(enode_vector const &ns) {
+        for (auto [a, b] : th.m_diseqs) {
+            auto x = th.get_enode(a);
+            auto y = th.get_enode(b);
+            if (n2b.contains(x) && n2b.contains(y)) {
+                arith_util a(m);
+                auto d1 = mk_diff(x, y);
+                auto d2 = mk_diff(y, x);
+                expr_ref sz1(u.mk_size(d1->get_expr()), m);
+                expr_ref sz2(u.mk_size(d2->get_expr()), m);
+                literal l_eq = th.mk_literal(m.mk_eq(x->get_expr(), y->get_expr()));
+                literal l1 = th.mk_literal(a.mk_ge(sz1, a.mk_int(1)));
+                literal l2 = th.mk_literal(a.mk_ge(sz2, a.mk_int(1)));
+                ctx.mk_th_axiom(th.get_id(), l_eq, l1, l2);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Walk the cone of influence of expresions that depend on ns
+    */
+    void theory_finite_set_size::collect_subexpressions(enode_vector &ns) {
+        // initialize disequality watch list
+        u_map<unsigned_vector> v2diseqs, v2eqs;
+        for (auto [a, b] : th.m_diseqs) {
+            v2diseqs.insert_if_not_there(a, unsigned_vector()).push_back(b);
+            v2diseqs.insert_if_not_there(b, unsigned_vector()).push_back(a);
+        }
+        for (auto [a, b] : th.m_eqs) {
+            v2eqs.insert_if_not_there(a, unsigned_vector()).push_back(b);
+            v2eqs.insert_if_not_there(b, unsigned_vector()).push_back(a);
+        }
+
+        auto add_expression = [&](enode *e) {
+            if (!ctx.is_relevant(e))
+                return;
+            if (e->is_marked())
+                return;
+            e->set_mark();
+            ns.push_back(e);
+        };
+
+        auto is_setop = [&](enode *n) {
+            auto e = n->get_expr();
+            return u.is_union(e) || u.is_intersect(e) || u.is_difference(e);
+        };
+
+        for (auto f : m_set_size_decls) {
+            for (auto n : ctx.enodes_of(f)) {
+                SASSERT(u.is_size(n->get_expr()));
+                add_expression(n->get_arg(0));
+            }
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < ns.size(); ++i) {
+            auto n = ns[i];
+            // add children under set operations
+            if (is_setop(n))
+                for (auto arg : enode::args(n))
+                    add_expression(arg);
+            // add parents that are operations and use n
+            for (auto p : enode::parents(n))
+                if (is_setop(p) && any_of(enode::args(p), [n](auto a) { return a == n; }))
+                    add_expression(p);
+            // add equalities and disequalities
+            auto v = th.get_th_var(n);
+            if (v2eqs.contains(v)) {
+                auto const &other = v2eqs[v];
+                for (auto w : other)
+                    add_expression(th.get_enode(w));
+            }
+            if (v2diseqs.contains(v)) {
+                auto const &other = v2diseqs[v];
+                for (auto w : other) {
+                    auto n2 = th.get_enode(w);
+                    add_expression(n2);
+                    auto D1 = mk_diff(n, n2);
+                    auto D2 = mk_diff(n2, n);
+                    ctx.mark_as_relevant(D1->get_expr());
+                    ctx.mark_as_relevant(D2->get_expr());
+                    add_expression(D1);
+                    add_expression(D2);
+                }
+            }
+            for (auto p : enode::parents(n)) {
+                if (!u.is_in(p->get_expr()))
+                    continue;
+                if (!ctx.is_relevant(p))
+                    continue;
+                auto x = p->get_arg(0)->get_root();
+                auto X = mk_singleton(x);
+                ctx.mark_as_relevant(X->get_expr());
+                add_expression(X);
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto n : ns)
+            n->unset_mark();
+    }
+    
+
+    /**
+    * 1. Base implementation:
+    *    Enumerate all satisfying assignments to m_solver for atoms based on |s|
+    *    Extract Core from enumeration
+    *    Assert Core => |s_i| = sum_ij n_ij for each |s_i| cardinality expression
+    *    NB. Soundness of using Core has not been rigorously established.   
+    * 2. We can check with theory_lra if slack_sums constraints are linear
+    *    feasible. If they are we can possibly terminate by extracting a model
+    *    If they are infeasible, temporarily strengthen m_solver using the negation of unsat core
+    *    that comes from infeasible slack propositions. Then the next model releaxes at least one
+    *    slack variable that is part of the infeasible subset.
+    */
+    lbool theory_finite_set_size::run_solver() {
+        expr_ref_vector asms(m);
+        for (auto [k, v] : m_assumptions)
+            asms.push_back(k);
+
+        m_slacks.reset();
+        m_slack_members.reset();
+        expr_ref_vector slack_exprs(m);
+        obj_map<expr, expr *> slack_sums;
+        arith_util a(m);
+        expr_ref z(a.mk_int(0), m);
+        for (auto f : m_set_size_decls) 
+            for (auto n : ctx.enodes_of(f)) 
+                slack_sums.insert(n->get_expr(), z);
+                   
+        while (true) {
+            lbool r = m_solver->check(asms.size(), asms.data());
+            if (r == l_false) {
+                auto const& core = m_solver->unsat_core();
+                literal_vector lits;
+                for (auto c : core) {
+                    auto exp = m_assumptions[c];
+                    if (std::holds_alternative<eq>(exp)) {
+                        auto [a, b] = std::get<eq>(exp);
+                        expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(th.get_expr(a), th.get_expr(b)), m);
+                        lits.push_back(~th.mk_literal(eq));
+                    }
+                    else if (std::holds_alternative<diseq>(exp)) {
+                        auto [a, b] = std::get<diseq>(exp);
+                        expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(th.get_expr(a), th.get_expr(b)), m);
+                        lits.push_back(th.mk_literal(eq));
+                    }
+                    else if (std::holds_alternative<in>(exp)) {
+                        auto [n, is_pos] = std::get<in>(exp);
+                        auto lit = th.mk_literal(n->get_expr());
+                        lits.push_back(is_pos ? ~lit : lit);
+                    }
+                }
+                for (auto f : m_set_size_decls) {
+                    for (auto n : ctx.enodes_of(f)) {
+                        expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(n->get_expr(), slack_sums[n->get_expr()]), m);
+                        auto lit = th.mk_literal(eq);
+                        literal_vector lemma(lits);
+                        lemma.push_back(lit);
+                        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "Asserting cardinality lemma\n";
+                              for (auto lit : lemma) tout << ctx.literal2expr(lit) << "\n";);
+                        ctx.mk_th_axiom(th.get_id(), lemma);
+                    }
+                }
+                ctx.push_trail(value_trail(m_solver_ran));
+                TRACE(finite_set, ctx.display(tout << "Core " << core << "\n"));
+                m_solver_ran = true;
+                return l_false;
+            }
+            if (r != l_true)
+                return r;
+
+            expr_ref slack(m.mk_fresh_const(symbol("slack"), a.mk_int()), m);
+            ctx.mk_th_axiom(th.get_id(), th.mk_literal(a.mk_ge(slack, a.mk_int(0))));  // slack is non-negative
+            model_ref mdl;
+            m_solver->get_model(mdl);
+
+
+            expr_ref_vector props(m);
+            for (auto f : m_set_size_decls) {
+                for (auto n : ctx.enodes_of(f)) {
+                    auto arg = n->get_arg(0);
+                    auto b = n2b[arg];
+                    auto b_is_true = mdl->is_true(b);
+                    props.push_back(b_is_true ? b : m.mk_not(b));
+                    if (b_is_true) {
+                        auto s = slack_sums[n->get_expr()];
+                        s = s == z ? slack : a.mk_add(s, slack);
+                        slack_exprs.push_back(s);
+                        slack_sums.insert(n->get_expr(), s);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            m_slacks.push_back(slack);
+            ptr_vector<expr> members;
+            for (auto [n, b] : n2b) {
+                expr *e = n->get_expr();
+                if (is_uninterp_const(e) && mdl->is_true(b)) 
+                    members.push_back(e);                
+            }
+            m_slack_members.push_back(members);
+            TRACE(finite_set, tout << *mdl << "\nPropositional model:\n" << props << "\n");
+            m_solver->assert_expr(m.mk_not(m.mk_and(props)));           
+        }
+        return l_undef;
+    }
+
+    lbool theory_finite_set_size::final_check() {
+        if (m_set_size_decls.empty())
+            return l_true;
+        if (!m_solver) {
+            initialize_solver();
+            return l_false;
+        }
+        if (!m_solver_ran)
+            return run_solver();
+
+        //
+        // at this point we assume that 
+        // cardinality constraints are satisfied 
+        // by arithmetic solver.
+        // 
+        // a refinement checks if this is really necessary
+        //
+        return l_true;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // construct model based on set variables that have cardinality constraints
+    // In this case the model construction is not explicit. It uses unique sets
+    // to represent sets of given cardinality.
+    // 
+    void theory_finite_set_size::init_model(model_generator &mg) {
+        if (!m_solver || !m_solver_ran)
+            return;
+        TRACE(finite_set, tout << "Constructing model for finite set cardinalities\n";);
+        //
+        // construct model based on set variables that have cardinality constraints
+        // slack -> (set variable x truth assignment)*
+        // slack -> integer assignment from arithmetic solver
+        // u.mk_unique_set(unique_index, slack_value, type);
+        // add to model of set variables that are true for slack.
+        // 
+        arith_value av(m);
+        av.init(&ctx);
+        rational value;
+        arith_util a(m);
+        SASSERT(m_slacks.size() == m_slack_members.size());
+        unsigned unique_index = 0;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_slacks.size(); ++i) {
+            auto s = m_slacks.get(i);
+            //
+            // slack s is equivalent to some integer value
+            // create a unique set corresponding to this slack value.
+            // The signature of the unique set is given by the sets that are 
+            // satisfiable in the propositional assignment where the slack variable
+            // was introduced.
+            // 
+            if (av.get_value_equiv(s, value)) {
+                if (value == 0)
+                    continue;
+                if (m_slack_members[i].empty())                    
+                    continue;
+                
+                ++unique_index;
+                for (auto e : m_slack_members[i]) {
+                    app *unique_value = u.mk_unique_set(a.mk_int(unique_index), a.mk_int(value), e->get_sort());                    
+                    if (m_unique_values.contains(e)) 
+                        unique_value = u.mk_union(m_unique_values[e], unique_value);
+                    m_unique_values.insert(e, unique_value);
+                    m_pinned.push_back(unique_value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    std::ostream& theory_finite_set_size::display(std::ostream& out) const {
+        if (m_solver)
+            m_solver->display(out << "set.size-solver\n");
+        return out;
+    }
+}  // namespace smt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_finite_set_size.h b/src/smt/theory_finite_set_size.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2be7f1f0d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/smt/theory_finite_set_size.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    theory_finite_set_size.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    sub-solver for cardinality constraints of finite sets
+
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/finite_set_axioms.h"
+#include "util/obj_pair_hashtable.h"
+#include "util/union_find.h"
+#include "smt/smt_theory.h"
+#include "model/finite_set_factory.h"
+
+namespace smt {
+    class context;
+    class theory_finite_set;
+
+    class theory_finite_set_size {
+        struct diseq {
+            theory_var x, y;
+        };
+        struct eq {
+            theory_var x, y;
+        };
+        struct in {
+            enode *n;
+            bool is_pos;
+        };
+        using tracking_literal = std::variant<diseq, eq, in>;
+        ast_manager          &m;
+        context             &ctx;
+        theory_finite_set   &th;
+        finite_set_util u;
+        scoped_ptr<context> m_solver;
+        bool m_solver_ran = false;
+        ptr_vector<func_decl> m_set_size_decls;
+        expr_ref_vector bs;
+        obj_map<enode, expr *> n2b;
+        obj_map<expr, tracking_literal> m_assumptions;
+        expr_ref m_assumption;
+        expr_ref_vector m_slacks;
+        vector<ptr_vector<expr>> m_slack_members;
+        obj_map<expr, app *> m_unique_values;
+        app_ref_vector m_pinned;
+
+        void collect_subexpressions(enode_vector& ns);
+        void add_def_axioms(enode_vector const &ns);
+        void add_singleton_axioms(enode_vector const &ns);
+        void add_eq_axioms(enode_vector const &ns);
+        void add_diseq_axioms(enode_vector const &ns);
+        enode *mk_singleton(enode* n);
+        enode *mk_diff(enode *a, enode *b);
+        void initialize_solver();
+
+        lbool run_solver();
+
+    public:
+        theory_finite_set_size(theory_finite_set &th);
+        void add_set_size(func_decl *f);
+        lbool final_check(); 
+        std::ostream &display(std::ostream &out) const;
+        void init_model(model_generator &mg);
+        app *get_unique_value(expr *n) {
+            return m_unique_values.contains(n) ? m_unique_values[n] : nullptr;
+        }
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_fpa.cpp b/src/smt/theory_fpa.cpp
index 5afc26c97a..b9fb4bf69d 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_fpa.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_fpa.cpp
@@ -298,9 +298,9 @@ namespace smt {
         SASSERT(s->get_family_id() == get_family_id());
         SASSERT(m_fpa_util.is_float(s) || m_fpa_util.is_rm(s));
         SASSERT(m_fpa_util.is_float(n->get_expr()) || m_fpa_util.is_rm(n->get_expr()));
-        SASSERT(n->get_expr()->get_decl()->get_range() == s);
+        SASSERT(n->get_decl()->get_range() == s);
 
-        app * owner = n->get_expr();
+        expr * owner = n->get_expr();
 
         if (!is_attached_to_var(n)) {
             attach_new_th_var(n);
@@ -414,6 +414,12 @@ namespace smt {
     void theory_fpa::pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) {
         m_trail_stack.pop_scope(num_scopes);
         TRACE(t_fpa, tout << "pop " << num_scopes << "; now " << m_trail_stack.get_num_scopes() << "\n";);
+        // Reset the fpa2bv rewriter cache so that expressions re-converted after
+        // a pop regenerate their side conditions (extra_assertions). Without this,
+        // the rewriter returns cached results without invoking mk_uf/mk_const and
+        // the axioms connecting FP UFs to their BV counterparts are never re-emitted,
+        // causing a soundness issue in incremental mode.
+        m_rw.reset();
         theory::pop_scope_eh(num_scopes);
     }
 
@@ -431,7 +437,7 @@ namespace smt {
         assert_cnstr(cnstr);
     }
 
-    void theory_fpa::relevant_eh(app * n) {
+    void theory_fpa::relevant_eh(expr * n) {
         TRACE(t_fpa, tout << "relevant_eh for: " << mk_ismt2_pp(n, m) << "\n";);
 
         mpf_manager & mpfm = m_fpa_util.fm();
@@ -466,12 +472,53 @@ namespace smt {
                     wu = m.mk_eq(m_converter.unwrap(wrapped, n->get_sort()), n);
                     TRACE(t_fpa, tout << "w/u eq: " << std::endl << mk_ismt2_pp(wu, m) << std::endl;);
                     assert_cnstr(wu);
+
+                    // For non-FPA-family terms (e.g. datatype accessors like
+                    // get-fp), mk_uf creates a separate BV UF that is not
+                    // linked to bvwrap. Assert wrap(n) == concat(conv_components)
+                    // to close the constraint gap (same pattern as numerals above).
+                    if (!is_app(n) || to_app(n)->get_family_id() != get_family_id()) {
+                        expr_ref conv_e = convert(n);
+                        if (m_fpa_util.is_fp(conv_e) && to_app(conv_e)->get_num_args() == 3) {
+                            app_ref conv_a(m);
+                            conv_a = to_app(conv_e.get());
+                            expr_ref cc(m);
+                            cc = m_bv_util.mk_concat({conv_a->get_arg(0), conv_a->get_arg(1), conv_a->get_arg(2)});
+                            assert_cnstr(m.mk_eq(wrapped, cc));
+                            assert_cnstr(mk_side_conditions());
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
-        else if (n->get_family_id() == get_family_id()) {
+        else if (is_app(n) && to_app(n)->get_family_id() == get_family_id()) {
             // These are the conversion functions fp.to_* */
             SASSERT(!m_fpa_util.is_float(n) && !m_fpa_util.is_rm(n));
+
+            // The conversion equality and side conditions for fp.to_* terms are
+            // emitted in internalize_term(), which runs exactly once. Those are
+            // asserted as theory axioms at the current decision level and are
+            // undone on DPLL backtracking, while internalize_term() is not run
+            // again for the already-internalized term (e.g. when the term lives
+            // at the user push base level and its clause is not reinitialized).
+            // The side conditions include the axioms linking FP uninterpreted
+            // functions to their bit-vector counterparts; losing them leaves the
+            // BV counterpart unconstrained and causes an incremental-mode
+            // soundness bug. relevant_eh re-fires on relevancy re-propagation
+            // after a backtrack, so re-emit them here to keep them in force.
+            switch ((fpa_op_kind)to_app(n)->get_decl_kind()) {
+            case OP_FPA_TO_FP:
+            case OP_FPA_TO_UBV:
+            case OP_FPA_TO_SBV:
+            case OP_FPA_TO_REAL:
+            case OP_FPA_TO_IEEE_BV: {
+                expr_ref conv = convert(n);
+                assert_cnstr(m.mk_eq(n, conv));
+                assert_cnstr(mk_side_conditions());
+                break;
+            }
+            default: /* ignore */;
+            }
         }
         else {
             /* Theory variables can be merged when (= bv-term (bvwrap fp-term)),
@@ -674,4 +721,4 @@ namespace smt {
             out << r->get_id() << " --> " << enode_pp(n, ctx) << "\n";
         }
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_fpa.h b/src/smt/theory_fpa.h
index badce4e2a9..50493a30c6 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_fpa.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_fpa.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace smt {
         model_value_proc * mk_value(enode * n, model_generator & mg) override;
 
         void assign_eh(bool_var v, bool is_true) override;
-        void relevant_eh(app * n) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr * n) override;
         void init_model(model_generator & m) override;
         void finalize_model(model_generator & mg) override;
 
@@ -126,5 +126,5 @@ namespace smt {
         app* get_ite_value(expr* e);
     };
 
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_intblast.cpp b/src/smt/theory_intblast.cpp
index db244e6ed8..2d2c699516 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_intblast.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_intblast.cpp
@@ -117,13 +117,33 @@ namespace smt {
         return true;
     }
 
+    bool theory_intblast::add_bv2int_axioms() {
+        auto const& bv2int = m_translator.bv2int();
+        if (m_bv2int_qhead == bv2int.size())
+            return false;
+        ctx.push_trail(value_trail(m_bv2int_qhead));
+        for (; m_bv2int_qhead < bv2int.size(); ++m_bv2int_qhead) {
+            app* e = bv2int[m_bv2int_qhead];
+            expr_ref r(m_translator.translated(e), m);
+            if (r.get() == e)
+                continue;
+            ctx.get_rewriter()(r);
+            auto eq = mk_eq(e, r, false);
+            ctx.mark_as_relevant(eq);
+            ctx.mk_th_axiom(m_id, 1, &eq);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
     bool theory_intblast::can_propagate() {
-        return m_preds_qhead < m_translator.preds().size() || m_vars_qhead < m_translator.vars().size();
+        return m_preds_qhead < m_translator.preds().size() || m_vars_qhead < m_translator.vars().size() ||
+               m_bv2int_qhead < m_translator.bv2int().size();
     }
 
     void theory_intblast::propagate() {
         add_bound_axioms();
         add_predicate_axioms();
+        add_bv2int_axioms();
     }
     
     bool theory_intblast::internalize_atom(app * atom, bool gate_ctx) {
@@ -133,7 +153,7 @@ namespace smt {
     void theory_intblast::apply_sort_cnstr(enode* n, sort* s) {
         SASSERT(bv.is_bv_sort(s));
         if (!is_attached_to_var(n)) {
-            m_translator.internalize_bv(n->get_expr());
+            m_translator.internalize_bv(n->get_app());
             auto v = mk_var(n);
             ctx.attach_th_var(n, this, v);
         }
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_intblast.h b/src/smt/theory_intblast.h
index 510e6b8f8a..c629bb25d5 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_intblast.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_intblast.h
@@ -42,11 +42,12 @@ namespace smt {
         bv2int_translator m_translator;
         bv_util           bv;
         arith_util        a;
-        unsigned m_vars_qhead = 0, m_preds_qhead = 0;
+        unsigned m_vars_qhead = 0, m_preds_qhead = 0, m_bv2int_qhead = 0;
         bv_factory *    m_factory = nullptr;
 
         bool add_bound_axioms();
         bool add_predicate_axioms();
+        bool add_bv2int_axioms();
 
     public:
         theory_intblast(context& ctx);
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_lra.cpp b/src/smt/theory_lra.cpp
index b3b2afce44..ba1e0238c6 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_lra.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_lra.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ class theory_lra::imp {
     ptr_vector<expr>       m_not_handled;
     ptr_vector<app>        m_underspecified;
     ptr_vector<app>        m_bv_terms;
+    ptr_vector<expr>       m_mul_defs; // fresh multiplication definition vars
     vector<ptr_vector<api_bound> > m_use_list;        // bounds where variables are used.
 
     // attributes for incremental version:
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ class theory_lra::imp {
     bool is_real(enode* n) const { return a.is_real(n->get_expr()); }
     enode* get_enode(theory_var v) const { return th.get_enode(v); }
     enode* get_enode(expr* e) const { return ctx().get_enode(e); }
-    expr*  get_owner(theory_var v) const { return get_enode(v)->get_expr(); }
+    expr*  get_expr(theory_var v) const { return get_enode(v)->get_expr(); }
     enode_pp pp(enode* n) const { return enode_pp(n, ctx()); }
     enode_pp pp(theory_var v) const { return pp(get_enode(v)); }
     mk_bounded_pp bpp(expr* e) { return mk_bounded_pp(e, m); }
@@ -267,9 +268,25 @@ class theory_lra::imp {
             };
             m_nla->set_relevant(is_relevant);
             m_nla->updt_params(ctx().get_params());
+            m_nla->get_core().set_add_mul_def_hook([&](unsigned sz, lpvar const* vs) { return add_mul_def(sz, vs); });
         }
     }
 
+    lpvar add_mul_def(unsigned sz, lpvar const* vs) {
+        bool is_int = true;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+            theory_var tv = lp().local_to_external(vs[i]);
+            is_int &= this->is_int(tv);
+        }
+        sort* srt = is_int ? a.mk_int() : a.mk_real();
+        app_ref c(m.mk_fresh_const("mul!", srt), m);
+        mk_enode(c);
+        theory_var v = mk_var(c);
+        ctx().push_trail(push_back_vector<ptr_vector<expr>>(m_mul_defs));
+        m_mul_defs.push_back(c);
+        return register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(v);
+    }
+
     void found_unsupported(expr* n) {
         ctx().push_trail(push_back_vector<ptr_vector<expr>>(m_not_handled));
         TRACE(arith, tout << "unsupported " << mk_pp(n, m) << "\n");
@@ -432,25 +449,59 @@ class theory_lra::imp {
                         internalize_term(to_app(n));
                         internalize_term(to_app(n1));
                         internalize_term(to_app(n2));
+                        internalize_term(to_app(mod));
                         theory_var q = mk_var(n);
                         theory_var x = mk_var(n1);
                         theory_var y = mk_var(n2);
-                        m_nla->add_idivision(register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(q), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(x), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(y));
+                        theory_var rv = mk_var(mod);
+                        m_nla->add_idivision(register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(q), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(x), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(y), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(rv));
                     }
                     if (a.is_numeral(n2) && a.is_bounded(n1)) {
                         ensure_nla();
                         internalize_term(to_app(n));
                         internalize_term(to_app(n1));
                         internalize_term(to_app(n2));
+                        internalize_term(to_app(mod));
                         theory_var q = mk_var(n);
                         theory_var x = mk_var(n1);
                         theory_var y = mk_var(n2);
-                        m_nla->add_bounded_division(register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(q), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(x), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(y));
+                        theory_var rv = mk_var(mod);
+                        m_nla->add_bounded_division(register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(q), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(x), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(y), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(rv));
                     }
                 }
                 else if (a.is_mod(n, n1, n2)) {
                     if (!a.is_numeral(n2, r) || r.is_zero()) found_underspecified(n);
-                    if (!ctx().relevancy()) mk_idiv_mod_axioms(n1, n2);    
+                    if (!ctx().relevancy()) mk_idiv_mod_axioms(n1, n2);
+                    if (m_nla && a.is_numeral(n2) && !r.is_zero()) {
+                        app_ref div(a.mk_idiv(n1, n2), m);
+                        ctx().internalize(div, false);
+                        internalize_term(to_app(div));
+                        internalize_term(to_app(n1));
+                        internalize_term(to_app(n2));
+                        internalize_term(t);
+                        theory_var q = mk_var(div);
+                        theory_var x = mk_var(n1);
+                        theory_var y = mk_var(n2);
+                        theory_var rv = mk_var(n);
+                        m_nla->add_bounded_division(register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(q), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(x), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(y), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(rv));
+                    }
+                    if (!a.is_numeral(n2) && is_app(n1) && is_app(n2)) {
+                        // register mod(x, y) with variable divisor for divisibility reasoning
+                        ensure_nla();
+                        if (m_nla) {
+                            app_ref div(a.mk_idiv(n1, n2), m);
+                            ctx().internalize(div, false);
+                            internalize_term(to_app(div));
+                            internalize_term(to_app(n1));
+                            internalize_term(to_app(n2));
+                            internalize_term(t);
+                            theory_var d = mk_var(div);
+                            theory_var x = mk_var(n1);
+                            theory_var y = mk_var(n2);
+                            theory_var rv = mk_var(n);
+                            m_nla->add_divisibility(register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(rv), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(x), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(y), register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(d));
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 else if (a.is_rem(n, n1, n2)) {
                     if (!a.is_numeral(n2, r) || r.is_zero()) found_underspecified(n);
@@ -870,15 +921,10 @@ public:
         get_zero(true);
         get_zero(false);
 
+
         lp().updt_params(ctx().get_params());
         lp().settings().set_resource_limit(m_resource_limit);
         lp().settings().bound_propagation() = bound_prop_mode::BP_NONE != propagation_mode();
-
-        // todo : do not use m_arith_branch_cut_ratio for deciding on cheap cuts
-        unsigned branch_cut_ratio = ctx().get_fparams().m_arith_branch_cut_ratio;
-        lp().set_cut_strategy(branch_cut_ratio);
-        
-        lp().settings().set_run_gcd_test(ctx().get_fparams().m_arith_gcd_test);
         lp().settings().set_random_seed(ctx().get_fparams().m_random_seed);
         m_lia = alloc(lp::int_solver, *m_solver.get());
     }
@@ -890,6 +936,9 @@ public:
             mk_is_int_axiom(n);        
     }
 
+    ptr_vector<expr> m_delay_ineqs;
+    unsigned m_delay_ineqs_qhead = 0;
+
     bool internalize_atom(app * atom, bool gate_ctx) {
         TRACE(arith_internalize, tout << bpp(atom) << "\n";);
         SASSERT(!ctx().b_internalized(atom));
@@ -920,6 +969,11 @@ public:
             internalize_is_int(atom);
             return true;
         }
+        else if (a.is_le(atom) || a.is_ge(atom)) {
+            m_delay_ineqs.push_back(atom);   
+            ctx().push_trail(push_back_vector<ptr_vector<expr>>(m_delay_ineqs));
+            return true;
+        }
         else {
             TRACE(arith, tout << "Could not internalize " << mk_pp(atom, m) << "\n";);
             found_unsupported(atom);
@@ -1081,7 +1135,7 @@ public:
             m_nla->simplify();
     }
 
-    void relevant_eh(app* n) {
+    void relevant_eh(expr* n) {
         expr* n1, *n2;
         if (a.is_mod(n, n1, n2)) 
             mk_idiv_mod_axioms(n1, n2);
@@ -1090,11 +1144,11 @@ public:
         else if (a.is_div(n, n1, n2)) 
             mk_div_axiom(n1, n2);
         else if (a.is_to_int(n)) 
-            mk_to_int_axiom(n);
+            mk_to_int_axiom(to_app(n));
         else if (a.is_is_int(n))
-            mk_is_int_axiom(n);            
+            mk_is_int_axiom(to_app(n));            
         else if (m.is_ite(n))
-            mk_ite_axiom(n);
+            mk_ite_axiom(to_app(n));
         else if (a.is_power(n, n1, n2))
             mk_power_axiom(n, n1, n2);
     }
@@ -1215,9 +1269,9 @@ public:
     ///   abs(r) > r >= 0
     void assert_idiv_mod_axioms(theory_var u, theory_var v, theory_var w, rational const& r) {
         app_ref term(m);
-        term = a.mk_mul(a.mk_numeral(r, true), get_enode(w)->get_expr());
-        term = a.mk_add(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), term);
-        term = a.mk_sub(get_enode(u)->get_expr(), term);
+        term = a.mk_mul(a.mk_numeral(r, true), get_expr(w));
+        term = a.mk_add(get_expr(v), term);
+        term = a.mk_sub(get_expr(u), term);
         theory_var z = internalize_def(term);
         lpvar zi = register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(z);
         lpvar vi = register_theory_var_in_lar_solver(v);
@@ -1629,6 +1683,61 @@ public:
             return FC_DONE;
         return FC_GIVEUP;
     }
+
+    /**
+    * Check if a set of equalities are lp feasible.
+    * push local scope
+    * internalize ineqs
+    * assert ineq constraints
+    * check lp feasibility
+    * extract core
+    * pop local scope
+    * return verdict
+    */
+
+    lbool check_lp_feasible(vector<std::pair<bool, expr_ref>> &ineqs, literal_vector& lit_core, enode_pair_vector& eq_core) {
+        lbool st = l_undef;
+        push_scope_eh(); // pushes an arithmetic scope
+        u_map<unsigned> ci2index;
+        unsigned index = 0;        
+        for (auto &[in_core, f] : ineqs) {
+            expr *x, *y;
+            rational r;
+            in_core = false;
+            if (m.is_eq(f, x, y) && a.is_numeral(y, r)) {
+                internalize_term(to_app(x));                
+                auto j = get_lpvar(th.get_th_var(x));
+                auto ci = lp().add_var_bound(j, lp::EQ, r);
+                ci2index.insert(ci, index);
+                lp().activate(ci);
+                if (is_infeasible()) {
+                    st = l_false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET();
+            }
+            ++index;
+        }
+        if (st != l_false) {
+            st = make_feasible();
+            SASSERT(st != l_false || is_infeasible());
+        }
+        if (st == l_false) {
+            m_explanation.clear();
+            lp().get_infeasibility_explanation(m_explanation);
+            for (auto ev : m_explanation) {
+                unsigned index;
+                if (ci2index.find(ev.ci(), index)) 
+                    ineqs[index].first = true;   
+                else
+                    set_evidence(ev.ci(), lit_core, eq_core);
+            }
+        }
+        pop_scope_eh(1);
+        return st;
+    }
     
     final_check_status final_check_eh(unsigned level) {
         if (propagate_core())
@@ -1745,7 +1854,7 @@ public:
         rational lc = denominator(k);
         for (auto const& kv : coeffs) {
             theory_var w = kv.m_key;
-            expr* o = get_enode(w)->get_expr();
+            expr* o = get_expr(w);
             is_int = a.is_int(o);
             if (!is_int) break;
             lc = lcm(lc, denominator(kv.m_value));
@@ -2034,6 +2143,14 @@ public:
         m_explanation = l.expl();
         literal_vector core;
         SASSERT(!m_lemma.is_empty());
+        TRACE(nla_solver,
+            tout << "varmap:";
+            for (lpvar j : m_nla->get_core().collect_vars(l)) {
+                auto ext = lp().local_to_external(j);
+                if (ext != lp::null_lpvar && static_cast<unsigned>(ext) < th.get_num_vars())
+                    tout << " " << lp().get_variable_name(j) << "=" << pp(ext);
+            }
+            tout << "\n";);
         for (auto const& ineq : m_lemma.ineqs()) {
             auto lit = mk_literal(ineq);
             core.push_back(~lit);
@@ -2126,6 +2243,8 @@ public:
         unsigned total_conflicts = ctx().get_num_conflicts();
         if (total_conflicts < 10)
             return true;
+        if (m_delay_ineqs_qhead < m_delay_ineqs.size())
+            return true;
         double f = static_cast<double>(m_num_conflicts)/static_cast<double>(total_conflicts);
         return f >= adaptive_assertion_threshold();
     }
@@ -2135,7 +2254,8 @@ public:
     }
     
     bool can_propagate_core() {
-        return m_asserted_atoms.size() > m_asserted_qhead || m_new_def || lp().has_changed_columns();
+        return m_asserted_atoms.size() > m_asserted_qhead || m_new_def || lp().has_changed_columns() ||
+               m_delay_ineqs_qhead < m_delay_ineqs.size();
     }
 
     bool propagate() {
@@ -2150,6 +2270,29 @@ public:
             return true;
         if (!can_propagate_core()) 
             return false;
+
+        for (; m_delay_ineqs_qhead < m_delay_ineqs.size() && !ctx().inconsistent() && m.inc(); ++m_delay_ineqs_qhead) {
+            auto atom = m_delay_ineqs[m_delay_ineqs_qhead];
+            ctx().push_trail(value_trail(m_delay_ineqs_qhead));
+            if (!ctx().is_relevant(atom))
+                continue;
+            expr *x, *y;
+            if (a.is_le(atom, x, y)) {
+                auto lit1 = mk_literal(atom);
+                auto lit2 = mk_literal(a.mk_le(a.mk_sub(x, y), a.mk_numeral(rational(0), a.is_int(x->get_sort()))));
+                mk_axiom(~lit1, lit2);
+                mk_axiom(lit1, ~lit2);                
+            }
+            else if (a.is_ge(atom, x, y)) {
+                auto lit1 = mk_literal(atom);
+                auto lit2 = mk_literal(a.mk_ge(a.mk_sub(x, y), a.mk_numeral(rational(0), a.is_int(x->get_sort()))));
+                mk_axiom(~lit1, lit2);
+                mk_axiom(lit1, ~lit2);                
+            }
+            else {
+                UNREACHABLE();
+            }
+        }
         
         m_new_def = false;        
         while (m_asserted_qhead < m_asserted_atoms.size() && !ctx().inconsistent() && m.inc()) {
@@ -2386,7 +2529,7 @@ public:
         lpvar vi = be.m_j;
         if (lp().column_has_term(vi))
             return;
-        expr_ref w(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), m);
+        expr_ref w(get_expr(v), m);
         if (a.is_add(w) || a.is_numeral(w) || m.is_ite(w))
             return;
         literal bound = null_literal;
@@ -3178,6 +3321,16 @@ public:
     }
 
     api_bound* mk_var_bound(bool_var bv, theory_var v, lp_api::bound_kind bk, rational const& bound) {
+        return mk_var_bound(bv, v, bk, bound, rational::zero());
+    }
+
+    // eps is the infinitesimal coefficient of the asserted (positive-literal)
+    // bound value: the bound means  v (>=|<=) bound + eps*delta.  Non-zero only
+    // for the delta-rational bounds that faithfully validate strict
+    // optimization optima (a maximize supremum r - delta becomes a lower bound
+    // (r, -1)).  Only the asserted direction (cT) carries eps; the negation cF
+    // is never activated on the optimization validation path.
+    api_bound* mk_var_bound(bool_var bv, theory_var v, lp_api::bound_kind bk, rational const& bound, rational const& eps) {
         scoped_internalize_state st(*this);
         st.vars().push_back(v);
         st.coeffs().push_back(rational::one());
@@ -3189,7 +3342,7 @@ public:
         lp::lconstraint_kind kT = bound2constraint_kind(v_is_int, bk, true);
         lp::lconstraint_kind kF = bound2constraint_kind(v_is_int, bk, false);
         
-        cT = lp().mk_var_bound(vi, kT, bound);
+        cT = lp().mk_var_bound(vi, kT, bound, eps);
         if (v_is_int) {
             rational boundF = (bk == lp_api::lower_t) ? bound - 1 : bound + 1;
             cF = lp().mk_var_bound(vi, kF, boundF);
@@ -3200,7 +3353,7 @@ public:
         add_ineq_constraint(cT, literal(bv, false));
         add_ineq_constraint(cF, literal(bv, true));
 
-        return alloc(api_bound, literal(bv, false), v, vi, v_is_int, bound, bk, cT, cF);
+        return alloc(api_bound, literal(bv, false), v, vi, v_is_int, bound, bk, cT, cF, eps);
     }
 
     //
@@ -3291,7 +3444,7 @@ public:
             theory_var v = lp().local_to_external(vi);
             rational val;
             TRACE(arith, tout << lp().get_variable_name(vi) << " " << v << "\n";);
-            if (v != null_theory_var && a.is_numeral(get_owner(v), val) && bound == val) {
+            if (v != null_theory_var && a.is_numeral(get_expr(v), val) && bound == val) {
                 dep = nullptr;
                 return bound == val;
             }
@@ -3899,6 +4052,92 @@ public:
         return inf_eps(rational(0), inf_rational(ival.x, ival.y));
     }
 
+    lp::lp_status max_with_lp(theory_var v, lpvar& vi, lp::impq& term_max) {
+        if (!lp().is_feasible() || lp().has_changed_columns())
+            make_feasible();
+        vi = get_lpvar(v);
+        auto st = lp().maximize_term(vi, term_max, /*fix_int_cols*/ true);
+        if (has_int() && lp().has_inf_int()) {
+            st = lp::lp_status::FEASIBLE;
+            lp().restore_x();
+        }
+        return st;
+    }
+
+    // Returns true if NLA handled the result (blocker and result are set).
+    // Returns false if maximize should fall through to the normal status switch.
+    bool max_with_nl(theory_var v, lp::lp_status& st, unsigned level, expr_ref& blocker, inf_eps& result) {
+        if (!m_nla || (st != lp::lp_status::OPTIMAL && st != lp::lp_status::UNBOUNDED))
+            return false;
+        // Save the LP optimum before NLA check may restore x.
+        auto lp_val = value(v);
+        auto lp_ival = get_ivalue(v);
+        auto nla_st = check_nla(level);
+        TRACE(opt, tout << "check_nla returned " << nla_st 
+              << " lp_ival=" << lp_ival << "\n";
+              if (nla_st == FC_CONTINUE) {
+                  tout << "LP assignment at maximize optimum:\n";
+                  for (unsigned j = 0; j < lp().column_count(); j++) {
+                      if (!lp().get_column_value(j).is_zero())
+                          tout << "  x[" << j << "] = " << lp().get_column_value(j) << "\n";
+                  }
+              });
+        // Discard the infinitesimal of the value returned from the NLA path.
+        // When NLA is involved the objective is nonlinear, so lp_val is the
+        // optimum of the LINEAR relaxation: its infinitesimal comes from the
+        // strict bounds introduced by the linearization, not from a genuine
+        // strict optimum of the nonlinear problem.  If it were kept,
+        // opt_solver::mk_ge would assert a delta-rational bound (r, -1) that the
+        // real problem cannot honor, fixing the objective column at a delta
+        // value the LP core cannot snap on the next solve (assertion
+        // non_basic_columns_are_set_correctly).  The rational part remains a
+        // sound bound for the optimizer to validate via check_bound.
+        inf_eps lp_val_no_eps(lp_val.get_infinity(), inf_rational(lp_val.get_rational()));
+        switch (nla_st) {
+        case FC_DONE:
+            // NLA satisfied: keep the optimal assignment, return LP value
+            blocker = mk_gt(v);
+            result = lp_val_no_eps;
+            st = lp::lp_status::FEASIBLE;
+            return true;
+        case FC_CONTINUE:
+            // NLA found the LP optimum violates nonlinear constraints.
+            // Restore x but return the LP optimum value and blocker
+            // as a bound for the optimizer to validate via check_bound().
+            lp().restore_x();
+            blocker = mk_gt(v, lp_ival);
+            result = lp_val_no_eps;
+            st = lp::lp_status::FEASIBLE;
+            return true;
+        case FC_GIVEUP:
+            lp().restore_x();
+            st = lp::lp_status::UNBOUNDED;
+            return false;
+        }
+        UNREACHABLE();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    theory_lra::inf_eps max_result(theory_var v, lpvar vi, lp::lp_status st, expr_ref& blocker, bool& has_shared) {
+        switch (st) {
+        case lp::lp_status::OPTIMAL:
+            init_variable_values();
+            TRACE(arith, display(tout << st << " v" << v << " vi: " << vi << "\n"););
+            blocker = mk_gt(v);
+            return value(v);
+        case lp::lp_status::FEASIBLE:
+            TRACE(arith, display(tout << st << " v" << v << " vi: " << vi << "\n"););
+            blocker = mk_gt(v);
+            return value(v);
+        default:
+            SASSERT(st == lp::lp_status::UNBOUNDED);
+            TRACE(arith, display(tout << st << " v" << v << " vi: " << vi << "\n"););
+            has_shared = false;
+            blocker = m.mk_false();
+            return inf_eps(rational::one(), inf_rational());
+        }
+    }
+
     theory_lra::inf_eps maximize(theory_var v, expr_ref& blocker, bool& has_shared) {
         unsigned level = 2;
         lp::impq term_max;
@@ -3915,56 +4154,22 @@ public:
             st = lp::lp_status::UNBOUNDED;
         }
         else {
-            if (!lp().is_feasible() || lp().has_changed_columns())
-                make_feasible();
-            
-            vi = get_lpvar(v);
-            
-            st = lp().maximize_term(vi, term_max);
-
-            if (has_int() && lp().has_inf_int()) {
-                st = lp::lp_status::FEASIBLE;
-                lp().restore_x();
-            }
-            if (m_nla && (st == lp::lp_status::OPTIMAL || st == lp::lp_status::UNBOUNDED)) {
-                switch (check_nla(level)) {
-                case FC_DONE:
-                    st = lp::lp_status::FEASIBLE;
-                    break;
-                case FC_GIVEUP:
-                case FC_CONTINUE:
-                    st = lp::lp_status::UNBOUNDED;
-                    break;
-                }                
-                lp().restore_x();
-            }                
-        }
-        switch (st) {
-        case lp::lp_status::OPTIMAL: {
-            init_variable_values();
-            TRACE(arith, display(tout << st << " v" << v << " vi: " << vi << "\n"););
-            auto val = value(v);
-            blocker = mk_gt(v);
-            return val;
-        }
-        case lp::lp_status::FEASIBLE: {
-            auto val = value(v);
-            TRACE(arith, display(tout << st << " v" << v << " vi: " << vi << "\n"););
-            blocker = mk_gt(v);
-            return val;
-        }
-        default:
-            SASSERT(st == lp::lp_status::UNBOUNDED);
-            TRACE(arith, display(tout << st << " v" << v << " vi: " << vi << "\n"););
-            has_shared = false;
-            blocker = m.mk_false();
-            return inf_eps(rational::one(), inf_rational());
+            st = max_with_lp(v, vi, term_max);
+            inf_eps nl_result;
+            if (max_with_nl(v, st, level, blocker, nl_result))
+                return nl_result;
         }
+        return max_result(v, vi, st, blocker, has_shared);
     }
 
     expr_ref mk_gt(theory_var v) {
         lp::impq val = get_ivalue(v);
-        expr* obj = get_enode(v)->get_expr();
+        return mk_gt(v, val);
+    }
+
+    // Overload: create blocker from a saved impq value (used when x has been restored)
+    expr_ref mk_gt(theory_var v, lp::impq const& val) {
+        expr* obj = get_expr(v);
         rational r = val.x;
         expr_ref e(m);
         if (a.is_int(obj->get_sort())) {
@@ -4022,7 +4227,7 @@ public:
     app_ref coeffs2app(u_map<rational> const& coeffs, rational const& offset, bool is_int) {
         expr_ref_vector args(m);
         for (auto const& [w, coeff] : coeffs) {
-            expr* o = get_enode(w)->get_expr();
+            expr* o = get_expr(w);
             if (coeff.is_zero()) {
                 // continue
             }
@@ -4069,23 +4274,45 @@ public:
 
     app_ref mk_obj(theory_var v) {
         auto t = get_lpvar(v);
-        bool is_int = a.is_int(get_enode(v)->get_expr());
+        auto e = th.get_expr(v);
+        bool is_int = a.is_int(e);
         if (lp().column_has_term(t)) {
             return mk_term(lp().get_term(t), is_int);
         }
         else {
             // theory_var w = lp().external_to_local(vi);
-            return app_ref(get_enode(v)->get_expr(), m);
+            return app_ref(to_app(e), m);
         }
     }
 
     expr_ref mk_ge(generic_model_converter& fm, theory_var v, inf_rational const& val) {
         rational r = val.get_rational();
-        bool is_strict =  val.get_infinitesimal().is_pos();
+        bool is_strict = val.get_infinitesimal().is_pos();
+        // A negative infinitesimal encodes a delta-rational lower bound
+        // v >= r - delta.  It arises when validating a strict maximization
+        // optimum (supremum r reported as r - epsilon): no lconstraint_kind
+        // yields a lower bound with a -delta component, so it is threaded
+        // through as an explicit eps on the bound (see lp_api::bound,
+        // lar_solver::mk_var_bound).  Over the reals this is a genuine bound
+        // (feasible together with the problem's own strict bound v <= r - delta,
+        // fixing v = r - delta), which is exactly what makes the supremum
+        // achievable in the delta field and lets check_bound validate it.
+        bool is_lower_eps = val.get_infinitesimal().is_neg();
         app_ref b(m);
-        bool is_int = a.is_int(get_enode(v)->get_expr());
+        bool is_int = a.is_int(get_expr(v));
         TRACE(arith, display(tout << "v" << v << "\n"););
-        if (is_strict) {
+        if (is_lower_eps) {
+            // Fresh, dedicated predicate for the delta-rational lower bound
+            // v >= r - delta.  A plain (a.mk_ge v r) atom would collide with an
+            // already-internalized 'v >= r' literal (e.g. from the problem's own
+            // strict bound v < r), which carries no infinitesimal and would make
+            // validation assert the over-strong v >= r.  The bound's real meaning
+            // (including the -delta) is attached via the api_bound's eps below.
+            std::ostringstream strm;
+            strm << r << " - eps <= " << mk_pp(get_expr(v), m) << " (opt)";
+            b = m.mk_const(symbol(strm.str()), m.mk_bool_sort());
+        }
+        else if (is_strict) {
             b = a.mk_le(mk_obj(v), a.mk_numeral(r, is_int));
         }
         else {
@@ -4099,7 +4326,8 @@ public:
             // ctx().set_enode_flag(bv, true);
             lp_api::bound_kind bkind = lp_api::bound_kind::lower_t;
             if (is_strict) bkind = lp_api::bound_kind::upper_t;
-            api_bound* a = mk_var_bound(bv, v, bkind, r);
+            rational eps = is_lower_eps ? rational::minus_one() : rational::zero();
+            api_bound* a = mk_var_bound(bv, v, bkind, r, eps);
             mk_bound_axioms(*a);
             updt_unassigned_bounds(v, +1);
             m_bounds[v].push_back(a);
@@ -4201,6 +4429,13 @@ public:
         m_bound_predicate = nullptr;
     }
 
+    void updt_params() {
+        if (m_solver)
+            m_solver->updt_params(ctx().get_params());
+        if (m_nla)
+            m_nla->updt_params(ctx().get_params());
+    }
+
 
     void validate_model(proto_model& mdl) {
 
@@ -4282,7 +4517,7 @@ void theory_lra::pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) {
 void theory_lra::restart_eh() {
     m_imp->restart_eh();
 }
-void theory_lra::relevant_eh(app* e) {
+void theory_lra::relevant_eh(expr* e) {
     m_imp->relevant_eh(e);
 }
 void theory_lra::init_search_eh() {
@@ -4361,10 +4596,18 @@ void theory_lra::setup() {
     m_imp->setup();
 }
 
+void theory_lra::updt_params() {
+    m_imp->updt_params();
+}
+
 void theory_lra::validate_model(proto_model& mdl) {
     m_imp->validate_model(mdl);
 }
 
+lbool theory_lra::check_lp_feasible(vector<std::pair<bool, expr_ref>>& ineqs, literal_vector& lit_core, enode_pair_vector& eq_core) {
+    return m_imp->check_lp_feasible(ineqs, lit_core, eq_core);
+}
+
 }
 template  class lp::lp_bound_propagator<smt::theory_lra::imp>;
 template void lp::lar_solver::propagate_bounds_for_touched_rows<smt::theory_lra::imp>(lp::lp_bound_propagator<smt::theory_lra::imp>&);
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_lra.h b/src/smt/theory_lra.h
index 8804d52ebb..172cdaa4d1 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_lra.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_lra.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
         void restart_eh() override;
 
-        void relevant_eh(app* e) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr* e) override;
 
         void init_search_eh() override;
 
@@ -98,6 +98,14 @@ namespace smt {
         bool get_lower(enode* n, rational& r, bool& is_strict);
         bool get_upper(enode* n, rational& r, bool& is_strict);
         void solve_for(vector<solution>& s) override;
+
+
+        // check if supplied set of linear constraints are LP feasible within current backtracking context
+        // identify core by setting Boolean flags to true for constraints used in the proof of infeasibility
+        // and return l_false if infeasible.
+        lbool check_lp_feasible(vector<std::pair<bool, expr_ref>> &ineqs, literal_vector& lit_core, enode_pair_vector& eq_core);
+
+        void updt_params() override;
                 
         void display(std::ostream & out) const override;
         
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_opt.cpp b/src/smt/theory_opt.cpp
index 365315bf2e..f1917a3a86 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_opt.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_opt.cpp
@@ -74,4 +74,4 @@ namespace smt {
         return a.is_numeral(term);
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_pb.cpp b/src/smt/theory_pb.cpp
index 3cd81955c7..93fd782d0b 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_pb.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_pb.cpp
@@ -2367,11 +2367,10 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     model_value_proc * theory_pb::mk_value(enode * n, model_generator & mg) {
-        app* a = n->get_expr();
+        auto a = n->get_app();
         pb_model_value_proc* p = alloc(pb_model_value_proc, a);
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < a->get_num_args(); ++i) {
-            p->add(ctx.get_enode(a->get_arg(i)));
-        }
+        for (auto arg : *a)
+            p->add(ctx.get_enode(arg));      
         return p;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_pb.h b/src/smt/theory_pb.h
index 73c9d5cba5..5fdcfbdcc3 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_pb.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_pb.h
@@ -424,4 +424,4 @@ namespace smt {
         void propagate() override; 
         static literal assert_ge(context& ctx, unsigned k, unsigned n, literal const* xs);
     };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_polymorphism.h b/src/smt/theory_polymorphism.h
index 8fd88c69b3..95e0afc136 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_polymorphism.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_polymorphism.h
@@ -67,8 +67,18 @@ namespace smt {
         }
 
         final_check_status final_check_eh(unsigned) override {
-            if (m_inst.pending()) 
+            if (m_inst.pending()) {
+                // There are still polymorphic axioms to instantiate. Force the
+                // solver to fail under the theory assumption so that a new
+                // research round (see should_research) can assert the new
+                // instances. Assigning the negation of the (already true)
+                // assumption creates a conflict, so we must return FC_CONTINUE
+                // to let conflict resolution turn it into l_false; returning
+                // FC_DONE here would report l_true while the context is
+                // inconsistent, violating a core search invariant.
                 ctx.assign(~mk_literal(m_assumption), nullptr);
+                return FC_CONTINUE;
+            }
             return FC_DONE;
         }
 
@@ -96,10 +106,18 @@ namespace smt {
             theory(ctx, poly_family_id),
             m_inst(ctx.get_manager(), m_trail),
             m_assumption(ctx.get_manager()) {}
+
+        ~theory_polymorphism() override {
+            // Undo level-0 trail items (e.g. the inc_ref balancing entries that
+            // m_inst pushes for m_from_instantiation). trail_stack's destructor
+            // does not call reset(), so without this the references those items
+            // hold would leak when the theory is destroyed.
+            m_trail.reset();
+        }
         
         void init_model(model_generator & mg) override { }
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_recfun.cpp b/src/smt/theory_recfun.cpp
index d2dffaf982..ada0f0198f 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_recfun.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_recfun.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace smt {
      * then case-expand `n`. If it's a macro we can also immediately
      * body-expand it.
      */
-    void theory_recfun::relevant_eh(app * n) {
+    void theory_recfun::relevant_eh(expr * n) {
         SASSERT(ctx.relevancy());
         // TRACEFN("relevant_eh: (defined) " <<  u().is_defined(n) << " " << mk_pp(n, m));        
         if (u().is_defined(n) && u().has_defs()) 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_recfun.h b/src/smt/theory_recfun.h
index 25e77a4693..16746f27e2 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_recfun.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_recfun.h
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ namespace smt {
         bool is_disabled_guard(expr* guard) { return m_disabled_guards.contains(guard); }
 
         recfun::util & u() const { return m_util; }
-        bool is_defined(app * f) const { return u().is_defined(f); }
-        bool is_case_pred(app * f) const { return u().is_case_pred(f); }
+        bool is_defined(expr * f) const { return u().is_defined(f); }
+        bool is_case_pred(expr * f) const { return u().is_case_pred(f); }
 
         bool is_defined(enode * e) const { return is_defined(e->get_expr()); }
         bool is_case_pred(enode * e) const { return is_case_pred(e->get_expr()); }
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace smt {
         bool internalize_atom(app * atom, bool gate_ctx) override;
         bool internalize_term(app * term) override;
         void reset_eh() override;
-        void relevant_eh(app * n) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr * n) override;
         char const * get_name() const override;
         final_check_status final_check_eh(unsigned) override;
         void assign_eh(bool_var v, bool is_true) override;
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_seq.cpp b/src/smt/theory_seq.cpp
index 7732bc683c..a7dee69d93 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_seq.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_seq.cpp
@@ -345,11 +345,6 @@ final_check_status theory_seq::final_check_eh(unsigned level) {
         TRACEFIN("regex propagate");
         return FC_CONTINUE;
     }
-    if (check_contains()) {
-        ++m_stats.m_propagate_contains;
-        TRACEFIN("propagate_contains");
-        return FC_CONTINUE;
-    }
     if (check_fixed_length(true, false)) {
         ++m_stats.m_fixed_length;
         TRACEFIN("zero_length");
@@ -365,6 +360,16 @@ final_check_status theory_seq::final_check_eh(unsigned level) {
         TRACEFIN("fixed_length");
         return FC_CONTINUE;
     }
+    if (check_fixed_length(false, true)) {
+        ++m_stats.m_fixed_length;
+        TRACEFIN("fixed_length");
+        return FC_CONTINUE;
+    }
+    if (check_contains()) {
+        ++m_stats.m_propagate_contains;
+        TRACEFIN("propagate_contains");
+        return FC_CONTINUE;
+    }
     if (check_int_string()) {
         ++m_stats.m_int_string;
         TRACEFIN("int_string");
@@ -499,12 +504,6 @@ bool theory_seq::fixed_length(expr* len_e, bool is_zero, bool check_long_strings
         m_fixed.contains(e)) {
         return false;
     }
-    
-    m_trail_stack.push(insert_obj_trail<expr>(m_fixed, e));
-    m_fixed.insert(e);
-
-    expr_ref seq(e, m), head(m), tail(m);
-
 
     TRACE(seq, tout << "Fixed: " << mk_bounded_pp(e, m, 2) << " " << lo << "\n";);
     literal a = mk_eq(len_e, m_autil.mk_numeral(lo, true), false);
@@ -514,6 +513,11 @@ bool theory_seq::fixed_length(expr* len_e, bool is_zero, bool check_long_strings
     if (!check_long_strings && lo > 20 && !is_zero)
         return false;
 
+    m_trail_stack.push(insert_obj_trail<expr>(m_fixed, e));
+    m_fixed.insert(e);
+
+    expr_ref seq(e, m), head(m), tail(m);
+
     if (lo.is_zero()) {
         seq = m_util.str.mk_empty(e->get_sort());
     }
@@ -692,6 +696,14 @@ bool theory_seq::check_lts() {
 
                 literal eq = (b == c) ? true_literal : mk_eq(b, c, false);
                 bool is_strict = is_strict1 || is_strict2; 
+                zstring bound_a, bound_d;
+                if (m_util.str.is_string(a, bound_a) && m_util.str.is_string(d, bound_d)) {
+                    bool ok = is_strict ? bound_a < bound_d : !(bound_d < bound_a);
+                    if (!ok) {
+                        add_axiom(~r1, ~r2, ~eq);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
                 if (is_strict) {
                     add_axiom(~r1, ~r2, ~eq, mk_literal(m_util.str.mk_lex_lt(a, d)));
                 }
@@ -996,10 +1008,28 @@ bool theory_seq::add_solution(expr* l, expr* r, dependency* deps)  {
     m_rep.update(l, r, deps);
     enode* n1 = ensure_enode(l);
     enode* n2 = ensure_enode(r);    
+    ptr_vector<expr> len_parents;
+    if (m_util.is_seq(r)) {
+        auto collect_len_parents = [&](enode* n) {
+            for (enode* p : n->get_parents()) {
+                if (m_util.str.is_length(p->get_expr()))
+                    len_parents.push_back(p->get_expr());
+            }
+        };
+        collect_len_parents(n1);
+        collect_len_parents(n2);
+    }
     TRACE(seq, tout << mk_bounded_pp(l, m, 2) << " ==> " << mk_bounded_pp(r, m, 2) << "\n"; display_deps(tout, deps);
           tout << "#" << n1->get_owner_id() << " ==> #" << n2->get_owner_id() << "\n";
           tout << (n1->get_root() == n2->get_root()) << "\n";);         
     propagate_eq(deps, n1, n2);
+    if (m_util.is_seq(r)) {
+        expr_ref len_r(m_util.str.mk_length(r), m);
+        m_rewrite(len_r);
+        for (expr* len_e : len_parents) {
+            propagate_eq(deps, len_e, len_r, false);
+        }
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -1481,8 +1511,7 @@ bool theory_seq::internalize_term(app* term) {
         return true;
     }
     
-    if (m.is_bool(term) && 
-        (m_util.str.is_in_re(term) || m_sk.is_skolem(term))) {
+    if (m.is_bool(term) && (m_util.str.is_in_re(term) || m_sk.is_skolem(term))) {
         bool_var bv = ctx.mk_bool_var(term);
         ctx.set_var_theory(bv, get_id());
         ctx.mark_as_relevant(bv);
@@ -2100,7 +2129,7 @@ app* theory_seq::get_ite_value(expr* e) {
 }
 
 model_value_proc * theory_seq::mk_value(enode * n, model_generator & mg) {
-    app* e = n->get_expr();
+    expr* e = n->get_expr();
     TRACE(seq, tout << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";);
 
     // Shortcut for well-founded values to avoid some quadratic overhead
@@ -2160,7 +2189,7 @@ model_value_proc * theory_seq::mk_value(enode * n, model_generator & mg) {
 }
 
 
-app* theory_seq::mk_value(app* e) {
+app* theory_seq::mk_value(expr* e) {
     expr_ref result(m);
     e = get_ite_value(e);
     result = m_rep.find(e);
@@ -2629,14 +2658,14 @@ bool theory_seq::expand1(expr* e0, dependency*& eqs, expr_ref& result) {
         result = m_util.str.mk_foldli(e1, e2, e3, arg4);
         ctx.get_rewriter()(result);
     }
-#if 0
+    #if 0
     else if (m_util.str.is_nth_i(e, e1, e2)) {
         arg1 = try_expand(e1, deps);
         if (!arg1) return true;
         result = m_util.str.mk_nth_i(arg1, e2);
         // m_rewrite(result);
     }
-#endif
+    #endif
     else if (m_util.str.is_last_index(e, e1, e2)) {
         arg1 = try_expand(e1, deps);
         arg2 = try_expand(e2, deps);
@@ -2976,7 +3005,7 @@ void theory_seq::add_axiom(literal_vector & lits) {
     TRACE(seq, ctx.display_literals_verbose(tout << "assert " << lits << " :", lits) << "\n";);
 
     for (literal lit : lits)
-        if (ctx.get_assignment(lit) == l_true) 
+        if (ctx.get_assignment(lit) == l_true && ctx.get_assign_level(lit) == 0) 
             return;
 
     for (literal lit : lits)
@@ -3152,6 +3181,70 @@ void theory_seq::assign_eh(bool_var v, bool is_true) {
     }
     else if (m_util.str.is_lt(e) || m_util.str.is_le(e)) {
         m_lts.push_back(e);
+        expr* a = nullptr, *b = nullptr;
+        zstring bound;
+        bool is_lower = false;
+        expr* x = nullptr;
+        if (is_true && m_util.str.is_lt(e, a, b)) {
+            // is_lower=true  encodes  c < x  (c is a lower bound on x)
+            // is_lower=false encodes  x < c  (c is an upper bound on x)
+            if (m_util.str.is_string(a, bound) && !m_util.str.is_string(b)) {
+                is_lower = true;
+                x = b;
+            }
+            else if (!m_util.str.is_string(a) && m_util.str.is_string(b, bound)) {
+                is_lower = false;
+                x = a;
+            }
+        }
+        if (x && ctx.get_enode(x)) {
+            enode* x_root = ctx.get_enode(x)->get_root();
+            for (expr* p : m_lts) {
+                if (p == e)
+                    continue;
+                expr* pa = nullptr, *pb = nullptr;
+                zstring p_bound;
+                bool p_is_lower = false;
+                expr* px = nullptr;
+                if (!m_util.str.is_lt(p, pa, pb))
+                    continue;
+                literal p_lit = ctx.get_literal(p);
+                // Skip trivial literals: they are not tracked by a bool variable and
+                // cannot participate in a conflict justification as assumptions.
+                if (p_lit == true_literal || p_lit == false_literal)
+                    continue;
+                if (ctx.get_assignment(p_lit) != l_true)
+                    continue;
+                if (m_util.str.is_string(pa, p_bound) && !m_util.str.is_string(pb)) {
+                    p_is_lower = true;
+                    px = pb;
+                }
+                else if (!m_util.str.is_string(pa) && m_util.str.is_string(pb, p_bound)) {
+                    p_is_lower = false;
+                    px = pa;
+                }
+                if (!px)
+                    continue;
+                if (p_is_lower == is_lower)
+                    continue;
+                if (!ctx.get_enode(px))
+                    continue;
+                if (ctx.get_enode(px)->get_root() != x_root)
+                    continue;
+                zstring const& lower = is_lower ? bound : p_bound;
+                zstring const& upper = is_lower ? p_bound : bound;
+                if (!(lower < upper)) {
+                    literal_vector lits;
+                    // set_conflict expects currently true assumptions.
+                    // `lit` is true because assign_eh was invoked with is_true,
+                    // and `p_lit` is filtered above to assignment l_true.
+                    lits.push_back(lit);
+                    lits.push_back(p_lit);
+                    set_conflict(nullptr, lits);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
     else if (m_util.str.is_nth_i(e) || m_util.str.is_nth_u(e)) {
         // no-op
@@ -3283,7 +3376,10 @@ void theory_seq::pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) {
 void theory_seq::restart_eh() {
 }
 
-void theory_seq::relevant_eh(app* n) {
+void theory_seq::relevant_eh(expr* _n) {
+    if (!is_app(_n))
+        return;
+    app *n = to_app(_n);
     if (m_util.str.is_index(n)   ||
         m_util.str.is_replace(n) ||
         m_util.str.is_extract(n) ||
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_seq.h b/src/smt/theory_seq.h
index 800fe56004..50a267d653 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_seq.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_seq.h
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ namespace smt {
         void push_scope_eh() override;
         void pop_scope_eh(unsigned num_scopes) override;
         void restart_eh() override;
-        void relevant_eh(app* n) override;
+        void relevant_eh(expr* n) override;
         bool should_research(expr_ref_vector &) override;
         void add_theory_assumptions(expr_ref_vector & assumptions) override;
         theory* mk_fresh(context* new_ctx) override { return alloc(theory_seq, *new_ctx); }
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
         void init() override;
         // model building
-        app* mk_value(app* a);
+        app* mk_value(expr* a);
 
         trail_stack& get_trail_stack() { return m_trail_stack; }
         void merge_eh(theory_var, theory_var, theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {}
@@ -642,6 +642,6 @@ namespace smt {
         expr* expr2rep(expr* e) override;
         bool  get_length(expr* e, rational& r) override;
     };
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_seq_empty.h b/src/smt/theory_seq_empty.h
index 9571f46b76..26ad3573d8 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_seq_empty.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_seq_empty.h
@@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ namespace smt {
 
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_sls.h b/src/smt/theory_sls.h
index 2b65783b4e..856f8f3d25 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_sls.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_sls.h
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ namespace smt {
         unsigned m_final_check_ls_steps = 30000;
         unsigned m_final_check_ls_steps_delta = 10000;
         unsigned m_final_check_ls_steps_min = 10000;
-        unsigned m_final_check_ls_steps_max = 30000;
         bool     m_has_unassigned_clause_after_resolve = false;
         unsigned m_after_resolve_decide_gap = 4;
         unsigned m_after_resolve_decide_count = 0;
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_special_relations.cpp b/src/smt/theory_special_relations.cpp
index aec069a025..4547264fb1 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_special_relations.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_special_relations.cpp
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
     void theory_special_relations::new_eq_eh(theory_var v1, theory_var v2) {
-        app* t1 = get_expr(v1);
-        app* t2 = get_expr(v2);
+        expr* t1 = get_expr(v1);
+        expr* t2 = get_expr(v2);
         literal eq = mk_eq(t1, t2, false);
         for (auto const& kv : m_relations) {
             relation& r = *kv.m_value;
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_user_propagator.h b/src/smt/theory_user_propagator.h
index 439ffdb7ea..6f382dca07 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_user_propagator.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_user_propagator.h
@@ -167,4 +167,4 @@ namespace smt {
         void propagate() override; 
         void display(std::ostream& out) const override {}
 };
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_utvpi.h b/src/smt/theory_utvpi.h
index a917910e9f..eeb19da847 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_utvpi.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_utvpi.h
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ namespace smt {
             m_arith_eq_adapter.restart_eh();
         }
 
-        void relevant_eh(app* e) override {}
+        void relevant_eh(expr* e) override {}
 
         void init_search_eh() override {
             m_arith_eq_adapter.init_search_eh();
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
         void new_eq_or_diseq(bool is_eq, th_var v1, th_var v2, justification& eq_just);
         
-        bool is_int(theory_var v) const { return a.is_int(get_enode(v)->get_expr()); }
+        bool is_int(theory_var v) const { return a.is_int(get_expr(v)); }
 
         th_var get_zero(sort* s) { return a.is_int(s) ? m_izero : m_rzero; }
 
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ namespace smt {
 
     typedef theory_utvpi<rdl_ext>  theory_rutvpi;
     typedef theory_utvpi<idl_ext>  theory_iutvpi;
-};
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_utvpi_def.h b/src/smt/theory_utvpi_def.h
index 9086f13aa0..6c96bb92fa 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_utvpi_def.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_utvpi_def.h
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ namespace smt {
             //
                         
             app_ref eq(m), s2(m), t2(m);
-            app* s1 = get_enode(s)->get_expr();
-            app* t1 = get_enode(t)->get_expr();
+            expr* s1 = get_expr(s);
+            expr* t1 = get_expr(t);
             s2 = a.mk_sub(t1, s1);
             t2 = a.mk_numeral(k, s2->get_sort());
             eq = m.mk_eq(s2.get(), t2.get());
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ namespace smt {
         expr* x, *y;
         rational r;
         for (;;) {
-            app* n = e->get_expr();
+            auto n = e->get_expr();
             if (a.is_add(n, x, y)) {
                 if (a.is_numeral(x, r)) {
                     e = ctx.get_enode(y);                
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ namespace smt {
         num = num/rational(2);
         SASSERT(!is_int || num.is_int());
         TRACE(utvpi, 
-              expr* n = get_enode(v)->get_expr();
+              expr* n = get_expr(v);
               tout << mk_pp(n, m) << " |-> (" << val1 << " - " << val2 << ")/2 = " << num << "\n";);
 
         return num;
@@ -965,6 +965,6 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_wmaxsat.cpp b/src/smt/theory_wmaxsat.cpp
index d3b190010f..53b5c0b5fa 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_wmaxsat.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/theory_wmaxsat.cpp
@@ -362,4 +362,4 @@ namespace smt {
         m_normalize = false;
     }
 
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/theory_wmaxsat.h b/src/smt/theory_wmaxsat.h
index 65461eb708..42cfbb3fd6 100644
--- a/src/smt/theory_wmaxsat.h
+++ b/src/smt/theory_wmaxsat.h
@@ -134,5 +134,5 @@ namespace smt {
 
 
     };
-};
+}
 
diff --git a/src/smt/watch_list.cpp b/src/smt/watch_list.cpp
index 973e586faa..08c8f117b5 100644
--- a/src/smt/watch_list.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/watch_list.cpp
@@ -128,4 +128,4 @@ namespace smt {
         begin_lits_core() += sizeof(literal);
     }
     
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/smt/watch_list.h b/src/smt/watch_list.h
index e974ea51c3..f866adf094 100644
--- a/src/smt/watch_list.h
+++ b/src/smt/watch_list.h
@@ -193,6 +193,6 @@ namespace smt {
         
     };
 
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/solver/assertions/asserted_formulas.cpp b/src/solver/assertions/asserted_formulas.cpp
index 32b8bb9b65..6abf5dbb96 100644
--- a/src/solver/assertions/asserted_formulas.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/assertions/asserted_formulas.cpp
@@ -496,6 +496,7 @@ void asserted_formulas::simplify_fmls::operator()() {
         expr_ref result(m);
         proof_ref result_pr(m);
         simplify(j, result, result_pr);
+        SASSERT(is_well_sorted(m, j.fml()));
         if (m.proofs_enabled()) {
             if (!result_pr) result_pr = m.mk_rewrite(j.fml(), result);
             result_pr = m.mk_modus_ponens(j.pr(), result_pr);
diff --git a/src/solver/assertions/asserted_formulas.h b/src/solver/assertions/asserted_formulas.h
index 262499ff44..14f9c93968 100644
--- a/src/solver/assertions/asserted_formulas.h
+++ b/src/solver/assertions/asserted_formulas.h
@@ -185,12 +185,12 @@ class asserted_formulas {
     public:                                                             \
         FUNCTOR m_functor;                                              \
         NAME(asserted_formulas& af):simplify_fmls(af, MSG), m_functor ARG {} \
-        virtual void simplify(justified_expr const& j, expr_ref& n, proof_ref& p) { \
-            m_functor(j.fml(), n, p);                               \
+        void simplify(justified_expr const& j, expr_ref& n, proof_ref& p) override { \
+            m_functor(j.fml(), n, p);					\
         }                                                               \
-        virtual void post_op() { if (REDUCE) af.reduce_and_solve(); }   \
-        virtual bool should_apply() const { return APP; }               \
-    };                                                                  \
+        void post_op() override { if (REDUCE) af.reduce_and_solve(); }	\
+        bool should_apply() const override { return APP; }		\
+    }
 
 #define MK_SIMPLIFIERF(NAME, FUNCTOR, MSG, APP, REDUCE) MK_SIMPLIFIERA(NAME, FUNCTOR, MSG, APP, (af.m), REDUCE)
 
diff --git a/src/solver/check_logic.cpp b/src/solver/check_logic.cpp
index bc92c8a30a..e81167f677 100644
--- a/src/solver/check_logic.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/check_logic.cpp
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ struct check_logic::imp {
         else if (m.is_builtin_family_id(fid)) {
             // nothing to check
         }
-        else if (fid == m_seq_util.get_family_id()) {
+        else if (fid == m_seq_util.get_family_id() || m_seq_util.is_char(s)) {
             // nothing to check
         }
         else if (fid == m_dt_util.get_family_id() && m_dt) {
diff --git a/src/solver/check_sat_result.cpp b/src/solver/check_sat_result.cpp
index 1f86ca4f2e..ad528644dd 100644
--- a/src/solver/check_sat_result.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/check_sat_result.cpp
@@ -70,9 +70,6 @@ simple_check_sat_result::simple_check_sat_result(ast_manager & m):
     m_proof(m) {
     }
 
-void simple_check_sat_result::collect_statistics(statistics & st) const { 
-    st.copy(m_stats); 
-}
 
 void simple_check_sat_result::get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector & r) { 
     if (m_status == l_false) {
diff --git a/src/solver/check_sat_result.h b/src/solver/check_sat_result.h
index 8a48d3277c..0db1c3d1a9 100644
--- a/src/solver/check_sat_result.h
+++ b/src/solver/check_sat_result.h
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ protected:
     lbool       m_status = l_undef; 
     model_converter_ref m_mc0;
     double      m_time = 0;
+    statistics m_stats;
+
 public:
     check_sat_result(ast_manager& m): m(m), m_log(m), m_proof(m) {}
     virtual ~check_sat_result() = default;
@@ -53,7 +55,18 @@ public:
     void dec_ref() { SASSERT(m_ref_count > 0); m_ref_count--; if (m_ref_count == 0) dealloc(this); }
     lbool set_status(lbool r) { return m_status = r; }
     lbool status() const { return m_status; }
-    virtual void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const = 0;
+    void collect_statistics(statistics &st) const {
+        collect_statistics_core(st);
+        st.copy(m_stats);       
+    }
+    void add_statistics(statistics const &st) {
+        m_stats.copy(st);
+    }
+    void reset_statistics() {
+        m_stats.reset();
+    }
+   
+    virtual void collect_statistics_core(statistics &st) const = 0;
     virtual void get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector & r) = 0;
     void set_model_converter(model_converter* mc) { m_mc0 = mc; }
     model_converter* mc0() const { return m_mc0.get(); }
@@ -92,7 +105,6 @@ public:
    \brief Very simple implementation of the check_sat_result object.
 */
 struct simple_check_sat_result : public check_sat_result {
-    statistics      m_stats;
     model_ref       m_model;
     expr_ref_vector m_core;
     proof_ref       m_proof;
@@ -100,9 +112,9 @@ struct simple_check_sat_result : public check_sat_result {
     
     simple_check_sat_result(ast_manager & m);
     ast_manager& get_manager() const override { return m_proof.get_manager(); }
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override;
     void get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector & r) override;
     void get_model_core(model_ref & m) override;
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics &st) const override {}
     proof * get_proof_core() override;
     std::string reason_unknown() const override;
     void get_labels(svector<symbol> & r) override;
diff --git a/src/solver/combined_solver.cpp b/src/solver/combined_solver.cpp
index 44bda3ddfb..f324b64b29 100644
--- a/src/solver/combined_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/combined_solver.cpp
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ public:
         return m_solver1->display(out, n, es);
     }
 
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override {
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override {
         m_solver2->collect_statistics(st);
         if (m_use_solver1_results)
             m_solver1->collect_statistics(st);
diff --git a/src/solver/parallel_params.pyg b/src/solver/parallel_params.pyg
index 60a77d49aa..62fd503fe2 100644
--- a/src/solver/parallel_params.pyg
+++ b/src/solver/parallel_params.pyg
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ def_module_params('parallel',
                   params=(
                           ('enable', BOOL, False, 'enable parallel solver by default on selected tactics (for QF_BV)'),
                           ('threads.max', UINT, 10000, 'caps maximal number of threads below the number of processors'),
+                          ('num_bb_threads', UINT, 2, 'run Janota-style chunking backbone worker threads; default is 2 (negative and positive mode), supported values are 0 (off), 1 (negative mode only) or 2 (negative and positive mode)'),
+                          ('core_minimize', BOOL, True, 'minimize unsat cores used for parallel cube backtracking'),
+                          ('ablate_backtracking', BOOL, False, 'ablation: pass entire cube as core instead of unsat core during backtracking'),
+                          ('cube.lookahead', BOOL, False, 'use lookahead cubing in the parallel solver; when false, use VSIDS activity to select one split literal'),
                           ('conquer.batch_size', UINT, 100, 'number of cubes to batch together for fast conquer'),
                           ('conquer.restart.max', UINT, 5, 'maximal number of restarts during conquer phase'),
                           ('conquer.delay', UINT, 10, 'delay of cubes until applying conquer'),
diff --git a/src/solver/parallel_tactical.cpp b/src/solver/parallel_tactical.cpp
index 068dc03043..803f54eb74 100644
--- a/src/solver/parallel_tactical.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/parallel_tactical.cpp
@@ -1,878 +1,2218 @@
 /*++
-Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation
+Copyright (c) 2024 Microsoft Corporation
 
 Module Name:
 
-    parallel_tactical.cpp
+    parallel_tactical2.cpp
 
 Abstract:
 
-    Parallel tactic based on cubing.
-    
+    Parallel tactical, portfolio loop specialized to the solver API.
 
 Author:
 
-    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2017-10-9
-    Miguel Neves 
+    (based on smt_parallel.cpp by nbjorner / Ilana Shapiro, and
+     parallel_tactical.cpp by nbjorner / Miguel Neves)
 
-Notes:
- 
- A task comprises of a non-empty sequence of cubes, a type and parameters
-
- It invokes the following procedure:
-  1. Clone the state with the remaining cubes if there is more than one cube. Re-enqueue the remaining cubes.
-  2. Apply simplifications and pre-processing according to configuration.
-  3. Cube using the parameter settings prescribed in m_params.
-  4. Optionally pass the cubes as assumptions and solve each sub-cube with a prescribed resource bound.
-  5. Assemble cubes that could not be solved and create a cube state.
- 
 --*/
 
 #include "util/scoped_ptr_vector.h"
+#include "util/uint_set.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
 #include "ast/ast_util.h"
 #include "ast/ast_translation.h"
 #include "solver/solver.h"
-#include "solver/solver2tactic.h"
-#include "tactic/tactic.h"
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
 #include "solver/parallel_tactical.h"
 #include "solver/parallel_params.hpp"
+#include "util/search_tree.h"
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
+#include "solver/solver2tactic.h"
 
-
-class non_parallel_tactic : public tactic {
-public:
-    non_parallel_tactic(solver* s, params_ref const& p) {
-    }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "parallel_tactic"; }
-
-    void operator()(const goal_ref & g,goal_ref_buffer & result) override {
-        throw default_exception("parallel tactic is disabled in single threaded mode");
-    }
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override { return nullptr; }
-    void cleanup() override {}
-
-};
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <utility>
 
 #ifdef SINGLE_THREAD
 
-tactic * mk_parallel_tactic(solver* s, params_ref const& p) {
-    return alloc(non_parallel_tactic, s, p);
+tactic* mk_parallel_tactic(solver* s, params_ref const& /* p */) {
+    return mk_solver2tactic(s);
 }
 
 #else
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <thread>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <cmath>
 #include <condition_variable>
 
-class parallel_tactic : public tactic {
+#define LOG_WORKER(lvl, s) IF_VERBOSE(lvl, verbose_stream() << "Worker " << id << s)
+#define LOG_BB_WORKER(lvl, s) IF_VERBOSE(lvl, verbose_stream() << "Backbones Worker " << id << s)
 
+class bounded_pp_exprs {
+    expr_ref_vector const &es;
 
-    class solver_state; 
+public:
+    bounded_pp_exprs(expr_ref_vector const &es) : es(es) {}
 
-    class task_queue {
-        std::mutex                   m_mutex;
-        std::condition_variable      m_cond;
-        ptr_vector<solver_state>     m_tasks;
-        ptr_vector<solver_state>     m_active;
-        unsigned                     m_num_waiters;
-        std::atomic<bool>            m_shutdown;
+    std::ostream &display(std::ostream &out) const {
+        for (auto e : es)
+            out << mk_bounded_pp(e, es.get_manager()) << "\n";
+        return out;
+    }
+};
 
-        void inc_wait() {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            ++m_num_waiters;
-        }
+inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, bounded_pp_exprs const &pp) {
+    return pp.display(out);
+}
 
-        void dec_wait() {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            --m_num_waiters;
-        }
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Search-tree literal configuration                                    */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
-        solver_state* try_get_task() {
-            solver_state* st = nullptr;
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            if (!m_tasks.empty()) {
-                st = m_tasks.back();
-                m_tasks.pop_back();
-                m_active.push_back(st);
+struct solver_cube_config {
+    using literal = expr_ref;
+    static bool literal_is_null(expr_ref const& l) { return l == nullptr; }
+    static bool same_atom(expr_ref const& a, expr_ref const& b) {
+        expr* atom_a = a.get();
+        expr* atom_b = b.get();
+        a.get_manager().is_not(atom_a, atom_a);
+        b.get_manager().is_not(atom_b, atom_b);
+        return atom_a == atom_b;
+    }
+    static std::ostream& display_literal(std::ostream& out, expr_ref const& l) {
+        if (l) return out << mk_bounded_pp(l, l.get_manager());
+        return out << "(null)";
+    }
+};
+
+static bool is_cancellation_exception(char const* msg) {
+    return msg && (strstr(msg, "canceled") != nullptr || strstr(msg, "cancelled") != nullptr);
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* parallel_solver – the core portfolio engine                         */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+class parallel_solver {
+
+    /* ---- forward declarations ---- */
+    class worker;
+    class core_minimizer_worker;
+    class backbones_worker;
+
+    /* ---- node lease (mirrors smt_parallel) ---- */
+    struct node_lease {
+        search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* leased_node = nullptr;
+
+        // Guards against multiple inc_cancel() calls for the same lease.
+        // Set when cancel_lease() is signaled; cleared when a new lease is assigned.
+        bool cancel_signaled  = false;
+    };
+
+    /* ---- shared clause entry ---- */
+    struct shared_clause {
+        unsigned source_worker_id;
+        expr_ref clause;
+    };
+
+    struct bb_candidate {
+        expr_ref lit;
+        double age;
+        unsigned hits;     // how many cubes reported it
+        bb_candidate(ast_manager& m, expr* e, double s, unsigned h)
+            : lit(e, m), age(s), hits(h) {}
+    };
+
+    using bb_candidates = vector<bb_candidate>;
+
+    class batch_manager {
+
+        enum state {
+            is_running,
+            is_sat,
+            is_unsat,
+            is_unknown,
+            is_exception_msg,
+            is_exception_code
+        };
+
+        struct stats {
+            unsigned m_num_cubes      = 0;
+            unsigned m_max_cube_depth = 0;
+            unsigned m_backbones_found = 0;
+            unsigned m_core_min_jobs_enqueued = 0;
+            unsigned m_core_min_jobs_published = 0;
+            unsigned m_core_min_jobs_skipped = 0;
+            unsigned m_core_min_global_unsat = 0;
+            unsigned m_bb_candidates_enqueued = 0;
+            unsigned m_bb_batches_issued = 0;
+        };
+
+        struct core_min_job {
+            search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* source = nullptr;
+            expr_ref_vector core;
+            core_min_job(ast_manager& m, search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* source)
+                : source(source), core(m) {}
+        };
+
+        ast_manager&   m;
+        parallel_solver& p;
+        std::mutex     mux;
+        state          m_state = state::is_running;
+        stats          m_stats;
+
+        search_tree::tree<solver_cube_config> m_search_tree;
+        vector<node_lease> m_worker_leases;
+
+        vector<shared_clause>    m_shared_clause_trail; // store all shared clauses with worker IDs
+        obj_hashtable<expr>      m_shared_clause_set;   // for duplicate filtering on per-thread clause expressions
+
+        obj_hashtable<expr>      m_global_backbones;
+
+        bb_candidates            m_bb_candidates;
+        unsigned                 m_max_global_bb_candidates = 100;
+        unsigned                 m_bb_batch_size = 150;
+        std::atomic<unsigned>    m_bb_candidate_epoch = 0;
+        std::condition_variable  m_bb_cv;
+        bb_candidates            m_bb_current_batch;
+        unsigned                 m_bb_batch_id = 0;
+        unsigned                 m_num_bb_threads = 0;
+        unsigned_vector          m_bb_last_batch_processed;
+        unsigned                 m_bb_cancel_epoch = 0; // When a backbone worker finishes early, it increments m_bb_cancel_epoch and notifies all
+
+        // Core minimization job queue
+        std::condition_variable   m_core_min_cv;
+        scoped_ptr_vector<core_min_job> m_core_min_jobs;
+
+        unsigned     m_exception_code = 0;
+        std::string  m_exception_msg;
+        std::string  m_reason_unknown;
+        model_ref    m_model;
+        expr_ref_vector m_unsat_core;
+        std::atomic<bool> m_canceled = false;
+
+        // called from batch manager to cancel other workers if we've reached a verdict
+        void cancel_background_threads() {
+            if (m_canceled.exchange(true))
+                return; 
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Canceling workers\n");           
+            for (auto* w : p.m_workers)
+                w->cancel();
+            if (p.m_core_minimizer_worker) {
+                p.m_core_minimizer_worker->cancel();
+                m_core_min_cv.notify_all();
             }
-            return st;
+            if (!p.m_global_backbones_workers.empty())
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Canceling backbones workers\n");
+            for (auto* w : p.m_global_backbones_workers)
+                w->cancel();
+            if (!p.m_global_backbones_workers.empty())
+                m_bb_cv.notify_all();
         }
 
-    public:
+        void set_canceled_unlocked() {
+            if (m_state != state::is_running)
+                return;
+            cancel_background_threads();
+        }
 
-        task_queue(): 
-            m_num_waiters(0), 
-            m_shutdown(false) {}             
+        void release_worker_lease_unlocked(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease) {
+            if (worker_id >= m_worker_leases.size()) {
+                lease = {};
+                return;
+            }
+            auto& stored_lease = m_worker_leases[worker_id];
+            if (!stored_lease.leased_node || stored_lease.leased_node != lease.leased_node) {
+                lease = {};
+                return;
+            }
+            bool cancel_signaled = stored_lease.cancel_signaled;
+            m_search_tree.dec_active_workers(stored_lease.leased_node);
+            stored_lease = {};
+            lease = {};
+            if (cancel_signaled)
+                p.m_workers[worker_id]->limit().dec_cancel();
+        }
 
-        ~task_queue() { reset(); }
+        bool attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease) {
+            if (m_state != state::is_running || !lease.leased_node || worker_id >= m_worker_leases.size())
+                return false;
 
-        void shutdown() {
-            if (!m_shutdown) {
-                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-                m_shutdown = true;
-                m_cond.notify_all();
-                for (solver_state* st : m_active) {
-                    st->m().limit().cancel();
+            auto& stored_lease = m_worker_leases[worker_id];
+            if (stored_lease.leased_node != lease.leased_node)
+                return false;
+
+            if (!m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(stored_lease.leased_node))
+                return false;
+
+            release_worker_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void cancel_closed_leases_unlocked(unsigned source_worker_id) {
+            unsigned n = std::min(m_worker_leases.size(), p.m_workers.size());
+            for (unsigned id = 0; id < n; ++id) {
+                if (id == source_worker_id) continue;
+                auto const& lease = m_worker_leases[id];
+                if (lease.leased_node && !lease.cancel_signaled &&
+                    m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(lease.leased_node)) {
+                    m_worker_leases[id].cancel_signaled = true;
+                    p.m_workers[id]->cancel_lease();
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        bool in_shutdown() const { return m_shutdown; }
-
-        void add_task(solver_state* task) {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            m_tasks.push_back(task);
-            if (m_num_waiters > 0) {
-                m_cond.notify_one();
-            }            
-        } 
-
-        bool is_idle() {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            return m_tasks.empty() && m_num_waiters > 0;
+        void collect_clause_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned source_worker_id, expr* clause) {
+            expr* g_clause = l2g(clause);
+            if (!m_shared_clause_set.contains(g_clause)) {
+                m_shared_clause_set.insert(g_clause);
+                shared_clause sc{source_worker_id, expr_ref(g_clause, m)};
+                m_shared_clause_trail.push_back(std::move(sc));
+            }
         }
 
-        solver_state* get_task() { 
-            while (!m_shutdown) {
-                inc_wait();
-                solver_state* st = try_get_task();
-                if (st) {
-                    dec_wait();
-                    return st;
+        // to avoid deadlock
+        bool is_global_backbone_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, expr* bb_cand) {
+            expr_ref cand(l2g(bb_cand), m);
+            return m_global_backbones.contains(cand.get());
+        }
+
+        bool is_global_backbone_or_negation_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, expr* bb_cand) {
+            expr_ref cand(l2g(bb_cand), m);
+            expr_ref neg_cand(mk_not(m, cand), m);
+            return m_global_backbones.contains(cand.get()) ||
+                   m_global_backbones.contains(neg_cand.get());
+        }
+
+        void collect_matching_targets_unlocked(search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* source,
+                                               expr* lit,
+                                               vector<solver_cube_config::literal> const& core,
+                                               vector<node_lease>& targets) {
+            targets.reset();
+            if (!lit)
+                return;
+
+            auto is_ancestor_of = [&](search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* ancestor,
+                                      search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* cur) {
+                if (!ancestor)
+                    return false;
+                for (auto* p = cur; p; p = p->parent()) {
+                    if (p == ancestor)
+                        return true;
                 }
-                {
-                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-                    if (!m_shutdown) {
-                        m_cond.wait(lock);
+                return false;
+            };
+
+            auto path_contains = [&](search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* cur,
+                                     solver_cube_config::literal const& lit0) {
+                for (auto* p = cur; p; p = p->parent()) {
+                    if (p->get_literal() == lit0)
+                        return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            };
+
+            auto path_contains_core = [&](search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* cur) {
+                return all_of(core, [&](solver_cube_config::literal const& c) {
+                    return path_contains(cur, c);
+                });
+            };
+
+            ptr_vector<search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>> matches;
+            m_search_tree.find_nonclosed_nodes_with_literal(expr_ref(lit, m), matches);
+            for (auto* t : matches) {
+                if (!t || t == source)
+                    continue;
+                if (m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(t))
+                    continue;
+
+                // When source is provided, keep only external matches. Nodes in the
+                // same branch are already closed by backtracking on the source node.
+                if (source && (is_ancestor_of(source, t) || is_ancestor_of(t, source)))
+                    continue;
+
+                // Reusing a conflict on another branch is sound only if that
+                // the path from that node->root contains every literal in the core.
+                // Matching on the closing literal alone is insufficient: F & a & l
+                // may be UNSAT while F & c & l is SAT.
+                if (!path_contains_core(t))
+                    continue;
+
+                // Keep only highest matching nodes: closing an ancestor also closes
+                // all of its matching descendants.
+                bool is_highest_ancestor = true;
+                for (auto* p = t->parent(); p; p = p->parent()) {
+                    if (any_of(targets, [&](node_lease const& target) { return target.leased_node == p; })) {
+                        is_highest_ancestor = false;
+                        break;
                     }
                 }
-                dec_wait();
+                if (!is_highest_ancestor)
+                    continue;
+
+                targets.push_back({ t });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Given a newly closed node, source, and its core, find the lowest ancestor of source that
+        // contains a core literal, and return it as the source for the core minimization job
+        search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* find_core_source_unlocked(
+            ast_translation& l2g, search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* source, expr_ref_vector const& core) {
+            if (!source)
+                return nullptr;
+
+            vector<solver_cube_config::literal> g_core;
+            for (expr* c : core)
+                g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
+
+            for (auto* cur = source; cur; cur = cur->parent()) {
+                if (solver_cube_config::literal_is_null(cur->get_literal()))
+                    continue;
+                if (any_of(g_core, [&](solver_cube_config::literal const& lit) { return lit == cur->get_literal(); }))
+                    return cur;
             }
             return nullptr;
         }
 
-        void task_done(solver_state* st) {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            m_active.erase(st);
-            if (m_tasks.empty() && m_active.empty()) {
-                m_shutdown = true;
-                m_cond.notify_all();
+        unsigned select_best_core_min_job_unlocked() const {
+            SASSERT(!m_core_min_jobs.empty());
+            unsigned best_idx = 0;
+            auto* best_source = m_core_min_jobs[0]->source;
+            unsigned best_depth = best_source ? best_source->depth() : 0;
+            unsigned best_core_size = m_core_min_jobs[0]->core.size();
+
+            for (unsigned i = 1; i < m_core_min_jobs.size(); ++i) {
+                auto* job = m_core_min_jobs[i];
+                auto* job_source = job->source;
+                unsigned job_depth = job_source ? job_source->depth() : 0;
+                unsigned job_core_size = job->core.size();
+
+                // rank first by core source node depth (deepest -> shallowest), then by core size (largest -> smallest)
+                if (job_depth > best_depth ||
+                    (job_depth == best_depth && job_core_size > best_core_size)) {
+                    best_idx = i;
+                    best_depth = job_depth;
+                    best_core_size = job_core_size;
+                }
+            }
+            return best_idx;
+        }
+
+        void backtrack_unlocked(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned worker_id,
+                                expr_ref_vector const& core,
+                                node_lease* lease = nullptr,
+                                vector<node_lease> const* targets = nullptr) {
+            if (m_state != state::is_running)
+                return;
+
+            vector<solver_cube_config::literal> g_core;
+            for (expr* c : core)
+                g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
+
+            SASSERT(lease != nullptr || targets != nullptr);
+            bool did_backtrack = false;
+
+            if (lease) {
+                if (!m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(lease->leased_node)) {
+                    // we close/backtrack regardless of whether this lease is stale or not, as long as the lease isn't canceled
+                    // i.e. worker 1 splits this node, but then worker 2 determines UNSAT --> worker 2 is stale but we still close this node and backtrack
+                    did_backtrack = true;
+                    IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager backtracking.\n");
+                    auto* leased_node = lease->leased_node;
+                    release_worker_lease_unlocked(worker_id, *lease);
+                    m_search_tree.backtrack(leased_node, g_core);
+                }
+                else { 
+                    // the lease was canceled by another worker. don't backtrack on this node with the new, arbitrary core we just found with this thread
+                    // however, we do proceed to external targets, since the new code may have exposed new external targets we can close/backtrack
+                    attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, *lease);
+                }
+            }
+            if (targets) {
+                for (auto const& target : *targets) {
+                    if (m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(target.leased_node))
+                        continue;
+                    did_backtrack = true;
+                    m_search_tree.backtrack(target.leased_node, g_core);
+                }
+            }
+            if (!did_backtrack)
+                return;
+
+            // terminate on-demand the workers that are currently exploring the now-closed nodes
+            cancel_closed_leases_unlocked(worker_id);
+
+            IF_VERBOSE(2,
+                for (expr* e : core)
+                    verbose_stream() << mk_bounded_pp(e, core.get_manager()) << "\n";
+                m_search_tree.display(verbose_stream() << "\n");
+            );
+
+            if (m_search_tree.is_closed()) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Search tree closed, setting UNSAT\n");
+                m_state = state::is_unsat;
+                SASSERT(m_unsat_core.empty());
+                for (auto& e : m_search_tree.get_core_from_root())
+                    m_unsat_core.push_back(e.get());
+                cancel_background_threads();
             }
         }
 
-        void stats(::statistics& st) {
-            for (auto* t : m_tasks) 
-                t->get_solver().collect_statistics(st);
-            for (auto* t : m_active) 
-                t->get_solver().collect_statistics(st);
-        }
-
-        void reset() {
-            for (auto* t : m_tasks) 
-                dealloc(t);
-            for (auto* t : m_active) 
-                dealloc(t);
-            m_tasks.reset();
-            m_active.reset();
-            m_num_waiters = 0;
-            m_shutdown = false;
-        }
-
-        std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            out << "num_tasks " << m_tasks.size() << " active: " << m_active.size() << "\n";
-            for (solver_state* st : m_tasks) {
-                st->display(out);
-            }
-            return out;
-        }
-
-    };
-
-    class cube_var {
-        expr_ref_vector m_vars;
-        expr_ref_vector m_cube;
     public:
-        cube_var(expr_ref_vector const& c, expr_ref_vector const& vs):
-            m_vars(vs), m_cube(c) {}
 
-        cube_var operator()(ast_translation& tr) {
-            expr_ref_vector vars(tr(m_vars));
-            expr_ref_vector cube(tr(m_cube));
-            return cube_var(cube, vars);
+        batch_manager(ast_manager& m, parallel_solver& p)
+            : m(m), p(p),
+              m_search_tree(expr_ref(m)),
+              m_unsat_core(m) {}
+
+        void initialize(unsigned num_bb_threads, unsigned initial_max_thread_conflicts = 1000) {
+            m_state = state::is_running;
+            m_search_tree.reset();
+            m_search_tree.set_effort_unit(initial_max_thread_conflicts);
+            m_worker_leases.reset();
+            m_worker_leases.resize(p.m_workers.size());
+            m_shared_clause_trail.reset();
+            m_shared_clause_set.reset();
+            m_global_backbones.reset();
+            m_bb_candidates.reset();
+            m_bb_current_batch.reset();
+            m_bb_batch_id = 0;
+            m_num_bb_threads = num_bb_threads;
+            m_bb_last_batch_processed.reset();
+            m_bb_last_batch_processed.resize(num_bb_threads);
+            m_bb_cancel_epoch = 0;
+            m_bb_candidate_epoch.store(0, std::memory_order_release);
+            m_core_min_jobs.reset();
+            m_model = nullptr;
+            m_unsat_core.reset();
+            m_reason_unknown.clear();
+            m_canceled = false;
         }
 
-        expr_ref_vector const& cube() const { return m_cube; }
-        expr_ref_vector const& vars() const { return m_vars; }
-    };
-
-    class solver_state {
-        scoped_ptr<ast_manager> m_manager;        // ownership handle to ast_manager
-        vector<cube_var> m_cubes;                 // set of cubes to process by task
-        expr_ref_vector m_asserted_cubes;         // set of cubes asserted on the current solver
-        expr_ref_vector m_assumptions;            // set of auxiliary assumptions passed in
-        params_ref      m_params;                 // configuration parameters
-        ref<solver>     m_solver;                 // solver state
-        unsigned        m_depth;                  // number of nested calls to cubing
-        double          m_width;                  // estimate of fraction of problem handled by state
-        bool            m_giveup;
-
-    public:
-        solver_state(ast_manager* m, solver* s, params_ref const& p): 
-            m_manager(m),
-            m_asserted_cubes(s->get_manager()),
-            m_assumptions(s->get_manager()),
-            m_params(p),
-            m_solver(s),
-            m_depth(0),
-            m_width(1.0),
-            m_giveup(false)
-        {
+        void set_sat(ast_translation& l2g, model& mdl) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting SAT.\n");
+            if (m_state != state::is_running && m_state != state::is_unknown) return;
+            m_state = state::is_sat;
+            m_model = mdl.translate(l2g);
+            cancel_background_threads();
         }
 
-        ast_manager& m() { return m_solver->get_manager(); }
-
-        solver& get_solver() { return *m_solver; }
-
-        solver* copy_solver() { return m_solver->translate(m_solver->get_manager(), m_params); }
-
-        solver const& get_solver() const { return *m_solver; }
-
-        void set_assumptions(ptr_vector<expr> const& asms) {
-            m_assumptions.append(asms.size(), asms.data());
+        void set_canceled() {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            set_canceled_unlocked();
         }
         
-        bool has_assumptions() const { return !m_assumptions.empty(); }
-
-        solver_state* clone() {
-            SASSERT(!m_cubes.empty());
-            ast_manager& m = m_solver->get_manager();
-            ast_manager* new_m = alloc(ast_manager, m, true);
-            ast_translation tr(m, *new_m);
-            solver* s = m_solver.get()->translate(*new_m, m_params);
-            solver_state* st = alloc(solver_state, new_m, s, m_params);
-            for (auto& c : m_cubes) st->m_cubes.push_back(c(tr));
-            for (expr* c : m_asserted_cubes) st->m_asserted_cubes.push_back(tr(c));
-            for (expr* c : m_assumptions) st->m_assumptions.push_back(tr(c));
-            st->m_depth = m_depth;
-            st->m_width = m_width;
-            return st;
+        void set_unsat(ast_translation& l2g,
+                       expr_ref_vector const& core) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting UNSAT.\n");
+            if (m_state != state::is_running && m_state != state::is_unknown) return;
+            m_state = state::is_unsat;
+            m_unsat_core.reset();
+            for (expr* c : core)
+                m_unsat_core.push_back(l2g(c));
+            cancel_background_threads();
         }
 
-        vector<cube_var> const& cubes() const { return m_cubes; }
+        // A worker found a cube whose result is genuinely undetermined (e.g. the
+        // theory solver is incomplete) and that cannot be refined any further.
+        // Record a sound 'unknown' verdict. This is a soft result: it does not
+        // cancel the remaining workers, so a definitive sat/unsat verdict from
+        // another branch may still arrive and override it.
+        // Backbone workers and the core minimizer block on their own condition
+        // variables waiting for work that will never arrive once the state
+        // transitions away from is_running, so we must notify them here to
+        // prevent a deadlock.
+        void set_unknown(std::string const& reason) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting UNKNOWN: " << reason << ".\n");
+            if (m_state != state::is_running) return;
+            m_state = state::is_unknown;
+            m_reason_unknown = reason;
+            m_bb_cv.notify_all();
+            m_core_min_cv.notify_all();
+        }
 
-        // remove up to n cubes from list of cubes.
-        vector<cube_var> split_cubes(unsigned n) {
-            vector<cube_var> result;
-            while (n-- > 0 && !m_cubes.empty()) {
-                DEBUG_CODE(for (expr* c : m_cubes.back().cube()) SASSERT(c););
-                result.push_back(m_cubes.back());
+        void set_exception(std::string const& msg) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting exception msg: " << msg << ".\n");
+            if (m_state != state::is_running) return;
+            m_state = state::is_exception_msg;
+            m_exception_msg = msg;
+            cancel_background_threads();
+        }
 
-                m_cubes.pop_back();
+        void set_exception(unsigned error_code) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager setting exception code: " << error_code << ".\n");
+            if (m_state != state::is_running) return;
+            m_state = state::is_exception_code;
+            m_exception_code = error_code;
+            cancel_background_threads();
+        }
+
+        bool get_cube(ast_translation& g2l, unsigned id,
+                      expr_ref_vector& cube, bool is_first_run,
+                      node_lease& lease) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            cube.reset();
+            if (m_search_tree.is_closed()) return false;
+            if (m_state != state::is_running) return false;
+
+            auto* t = is_first_run
+                ? m_search_tree.activate_root()
+                : m_search_tree.activate_best_node();
+            if (!t) return false;
+
+            lease.leased_node  = t;
+            if (id >= m_worker_leases.size())
+                m_worker_leases.resize(id + 1);
+            m_worker_leases[id] = lease;
+
+            for (auto* cur = t; cur; cur = cur->parent()) {
+                if (solver_cube_config::literal_is_null(cur->get_literal()))
+                    break;
+                cube.push_back(expr_ref(g2l(cur->get_literal().get()), g2l.to()));
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void backtrack(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned worker_id,
+                       expr_ref_vector const& core,
+                       node_lease& lease) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            if (m_state != state::is_running) return;
+            vector<solver_cube_config::literal> g_core;
+            for (expr* c : core)
+                g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
+
+            vector<node_lease> targets;
+            expr* lit = lease.leased_node ? lease.leased_node->get_literal().get() : nullptr;
+            collect_matching_targets_unlocked(lease.leased_node, lit, g_core, targets);
+            backtrack_unlocked(l2g, worker_id, core, &lease, targets.empty() ? nullptr : &targets);
+        }
+
+        void enqueue_core_minimization(ast_translation& l2g,
+                                       search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* source,
+                                       expr_ref_vector const& core) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            if (m_state != state::is_running || !p.m_core_minimizer_worker || !source || core.empty())
+                return;
+            if (core.size() <= 1) {
+                ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            source = find_core_source_unlocked(l2g, source, core);
+            if (!source) {
+                ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            scoped_ptr<core_min_job> job = alloc(core_min_job, m, source);
+            for (expr* c : core)
+                job->core.push_back(l2g(c));
+            m_core_min_jobs.push_back(job.detach());
+            ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_enqueued;
+            m_core_min_cv.notify_one();
+        }
+
+        bool wait_for_core_min_job(ast_translation& g2l,
+                                   search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>*& source,
+                                   expr_ref_vector& core,
+                                   reslimit& lim) {
+            std::unique_lock lock(mux);
+            m_core_min_cv.wait(lock, [&]() {
+                return lim.is_canceled() || m_state != state::is_running || !m_core_min_jobs.empty();
+            });
+
+            if (lim.is_canceled() || m_state != state::is_running)
+                return false;
+
+            unsigned best_idx = select_best_core_min_job_unlocked();
+            m_core_min_jobs.swap(best_idx, m_core_min_jobs.size() - 1);
+            scoped_ptr<core_min_job> job = m_core_min_jobs.detach_back();
+            m_core_min_jobs.pop_back();
+            SASSERT(job);
+            source = job->source;
+            core.reset();
+            for (expr* c : job->core)
+                core.push_back(g2l(c));
+            return source != nullptr;
+        }
+
+        void publish_minimized_core(ast_translation& l2g,
+                                    expr_ref_vector const& asms,
+                                    search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* source,
+                                    unsigned original_core_size,
+                                    expr_ref_vector const& minimized_core) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            if (m_state != state::is_running || !source || minimized_core.size() >= original_core_size) {
+                ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            vector<solver_cube_config::literal> g_core;
+            for (expr* c : minimized_core)
+                g_core.push_back(expr_ref(l2g(c), m));
+
+            // don't publish a minimized core if the node already has an equal-or-smaller core by the time the minimizer thread finishes
+            // (e.g. from another thread or from backtracking resolution propagation)
+            if (source->get_core().size() <= g_core.size()) {
+                ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (all_of(g_core, [&](solver_cube_config::literal const& lit) { return asms.contains(lit.get()); })) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Minimized core removed all path literals, setting UNSAT\n");
+                m_state = state::is_unsat;
+                SASSERT(m_unsat_core.empty());
+                for (expr* e : minimized_core)
+                    m_unsat_core.push_back(l2g(e));
+                ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_published;
+                ++m_stats.m_core_min_global_unsat;
+                cancel_background_threads();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // do not backtrack through the batch manager since this only handles non-closed leases
+            // and the batch manager also tries to search for external matching targets in the tree
+            // which is a problem since we must backtrack only on the source node or the core is invalid
+            m_search_tree.backtrack(source, g_core);
+
+            vector<node_lease> targets;
+            if (!g_core.empty()) {
+                collect_matching_targets_unlocked(source, g_core[0].get(), g_core, targets);
+                for (auto const& target : targets) {
+                    if (!m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(target.leased_node))
+                        m_search_tree.backtrack(target.leased_node, g_core);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ++m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_published;
+            cancel_closed_leases_unlocked(UINT_MAX);
+
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager publishing minimized core "
+                                           << original_core_size << " -> " << minimized_core.size() << "\n");
+            IF_VERBOSE(2,
+                for (expr* e : minimized_core)
+                    verbose_stream() << mk_bounded_pp(e, minimized_core.get_manager()) << "\n";
+                m_search_tree.display(verbose_stream() << "\n");
+            );
+            if (m_search_tree.is_closed()) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Search tree closed by minimized core, setting UNSAT\n");
+                m_state = state::is_unsat;
+                SASSERT(m_unsat_core.empty());
+                for (auto& e : m_search_tree.get_core_from_root())
+                    m_unsat_core.push_back(e.get());
+                cancel_background_threads();
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool path_contains_atom(ast_translation& l2g, node_lease const& lease, expr* atom) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            if (!lease.leased_node)
+                return false;
+            if (m_state != state::is_running)
+                return false;
+            if (m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(lease.leased_node))
+                return false;
+
+            expr_ref _atom(l2g(atom), m);
+            return lease.leased_node->path_contains_atom(_atom);
+        }
+
+        void try_split(ast_translation& l2g, unsigned worker_id,
+                       node_lease& lease, expr* atom, unsigned effort) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            if (m_state != state::is_running) return;
+            if (m_search_tree.is_lease_canceled(lease.leased_node)) {
+                attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            expr_ref lit(m), nlit(m);
+            auto* leased_node = lease.leased_node;
+            lit  = l2g(atom);
+            nlit = mk_not(m, lit);
+            VERIFY(!leased_node->path_contains_atom(lit));
+            VERIFY(!leased_node->path_contains_atom(nlit));
+
+            bool did_split = m_search_tree.try_split(leased_node, lit, nlit, effort);
+
+            release_worker_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease);
+
+            if (did_split) {
+                ++m_stats.m_num_cubes;
+                m_stats.m_max_cube_depth = std::max(
+                    m_stats.m_max_cube_depth,
+                    leased_node->depth() + 1);
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Batch manager splitting on literal: " << mk_bounded_pp(lit, m, 3) << "\n");
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool attempt_release_canceled_lease(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            return attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease);
+        }
+
+        bool checkpoint_worker(unsigned worker_id, node_lease& lease, bool& lease_canceled) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            lease_canceled = false;
+            SASSERT(worker_id < p.m_workers.size());
+
+            if (attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease)) {
+                lease_canceled = true;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (p.m_workers[worker_id]->limit().inc())
+                return true;
+
+            if (attempt_release_canceled_lease_unlocked(worker_id, lease)) {
+                lease_canceled = true;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            set_canceled_unlocked();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        void collect_clause(ast_translation& l2g,
+                            unsigned source_worker_id,
+                            expr* clause) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            collect_clause_unlocked(l2g, source_worker_id, clause);
+        }
+
+        expr_ref_vector return_shared_clauses(ast_translation& g2l, unsigned& worker_limit, unsigned worker_id) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            expr_ref_vector result(g2l.to());
+            for (unsigned i = worker_limit; i < m_shared_clause_trail.size(); ++i) {
+                if (m_shared_clause_trail[i].source_worker_id != worker_id)
+                    result.push_back(g2l(m_shared_clause_trail[i].clause.get()));
+            }
+            worker_limit = m_shared_clause_trail.size();  // update the worker limit to the end of the current trail
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        bool collect_global_backbone(ast_translation& l2g, expr_ref const& backbone, unsigned source_worker_id = UINT_MAX) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "collect-global-backbone\n");
+            if (is_global_backbone_unlocked(l2g, backbone.get()))
+                return false;
+            expr_ref g_bb(l2g(backbone.get()), m);
+            m_global_backbones.insert(g_bb.get());
+            ++m_stats.m_backbones_found;
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << " Found and sharing new global backbone: " << mk_bounded_pp(g_bb, m, 3) << "\n");
+            collect_clause_unlocked(l2g, source_worker_id, backbone.get());
+
+            expr_ref neg_g_bb(mk_not(m, g_bb), m);
+            vector<solver_cube_config::literal> g_core;
+            g_core.push_back(neg_g_bb);
+            vector<node_lease> targets;
+            collect_matching_targets_unlocked(nullptr, neg_g_bb, g_core, targets);
+            
+            if (!targets.empty()) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << " Closing negation of the new global backbone: "
+                                               << mk_bounded_pp(g_bb, m, 3) << "\n");
+                expr_ref_vector l_core(l2g.from());
+                l_core.push_back(mk_not(backbone));
+                backtrack_unlocked(l2g, UINT_MAX, l_core, nullptr, &targets);
+            }
+            
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        bool is_global_backbone_or_negation(ast_translation& l2g, expr* bb_cand) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            return is_global_backbone_or_negation_unlocked(l2g, bb_cand);
+        }
+
+        bool has_new_backbone_candidates(unsigned epoch) {
+            return m_bb_candidate_epoch.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != epoch;
+        }
+
+        unsigned get_bb_candidate_epoch() const {
+            return m_bb_candidate_epoch.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+        }
+
+        void cancel_current_backbone_batch() {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            ++m_bb_cancel_epoch;
+            m_bb_cv.notify_all();
+        }
+
+        unsigned get_cancel_epoch() {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            return m_bb_cancel_epoch;
+        }
+
+        expr_ref_vector get_global_backbones_snapshot(ast_translation& g2l) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            expr_ref_vector snapshot(g2l.to());
+            for (expr* gb : m_global_backbones)
+                snapshot.push_back(g2l(gb));
+            return snapshot;
+        }
+
+        void collect_backbone_candidates(ast_translation& l2g,
+                                         bb_candidates& bb_candidates) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(mux);
+            bool changed = false;
+
+            auto find_existing_candidate_idx = [&](expr* e) -> int {
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_bb_candidates.size(); ++i) {
+                    if (m_bb_candidates[i].lit.get() == e)
+                        return i;
+                }
+                return -1;
+            };
+
+            auto rank_of = [&](bb_candidate const& c) {
+                return c.age * std::log2(2.0 + c.hits);
+            };
+
+            for (auto const& c : bb_candidates) {
+                expr_ref g_lit(l2g(c.lit.get()), m);
+                if (is_global_backbone_or_negation_unlocked(l2g, c.lit.get()))
+                    continue;
+
+                double age = c.age;
+                int idx = find_existing_candidate_idx(g_lit.get());
+                if (idx >= 0) {
+                    auto& existing = m_bb_candidates[idx];
+                    existing.age = (existing.age * existing.hits + age) / (existing.hits + 1);
+                    existing.hits++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (m_bb_candidates.size() < m_max_global_bb_candidates) {
+                    m_bb_candidates.push_back(bb_candidate(m, g_lit.get(), age, 1));
+                    changed = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                bb_candidate incoming(m, g_lit.get(), age, 1);
+                auto worst_it = std::min_element(
+                    m_bb_candidates.begin(),
+                    m_bb_candidates.end(),
+                    [&](bb_candidate const& a, bb_candidate const& b) {
+                        return rank_of(a) < rank_of(b);
+                    });
+                if (worst_it != m_bb_candidates.end() && rank_of(incoming) > rank_of(*worst_it)) {
+                    *worst_it = incoming;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (changed && !m_bb_candidates.empty()) {
+                m_bb_candidate_epoch.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_release);
+                std::stable_sort(
+                    m_bb_candidates.begin(),
+                    m_bb_candidates.end(),
+                    [&](bb_candidate const& a, bb_candidate const& b) {
+                        return rank_of(a) < rank_of(b);
+                    });
+                m_bb_cv.notify_all();
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool wait_for_backbone_job(unsigned bb_thread_id, ast_translation& g2l,
+                                   bb_candidates& out, reslimit& lim) {
+            out.reset();
+            std::unique_lock lock(mux);
+            m_bb_cv.wait(lock, [&]() {
+                return lim.is_canceled() ||
+                       m_state != state::is_running ||
+                       m_bb_last_batch_processed[bb_thread_id] < m_bb_batch_id ||
+                       !m_bb_candidates.empty();
+            });
+
+            if (lim.is_canceled() || m_state != state::is_running)
+                return false;
+
+            if (m_bb_last_batch_processed[bb_thread_id] == m_bb_batch_id) {
+                unsigned n = std::min<unsigned>(m_bb_batch_size, m_bb_candidates.size());
+                m_bb_current_batch.reset();
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                    m_bb_current_batch.push_back(m_bb_candidates.back());
+                    m_bb_candidates.pop_back();
+                }
+                ++m_bb_batch_id;
+                m_bb_cv.notify_all();
+            }
+
+            for (auto const& gc : m_bb_current_batch) {
+                expr_ref l_lit(g2l(gc.lit.get()), g2l.to());
+                out.push_back(bb_candidate(g2l.to(), l_lit, gc.age, gc.hits));
+            }
+            m_bb_last_batch_processed[bb_thread_id] = m_bb_batch_id;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        lbool get_result() const {
+            if (m.limit().is_canceled())
+                return l_undef;  // the main context was cancelled, so we return undef.
+            switch (m_state) {
+            case state::is_running:  // batch manager is still running, but all threads have processed their cubes, which
+                                     // means all cubes were unsat
+                throw default_exception("par2: inconsistent end state");
+            case state::is_sat:             return l_true;
+            case state::is_unsat:           return l_false;
+            case state::is_unknown:         return l_undef;
+            case state::is_exception_msg:
+                throw default_exception(m_exception_msg.c_str());
+            case state::is_exception_code:
+                throw z3_error(m_exception_code);
+            default:
+                UNREACHABLE();
+                return l_undef;
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::string const& get_reason_unknown() const { return m_reason_unknown; }
+
+        model_ref& get_model() { return m_model; }
+
+        expr_ref_vector const& get_unsat_core() const { return m_unsat_core; }
+
+        void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const {
+            st.update("parallel-num-cubes", m_stats.m_num_cubes);
+            st.update("parallel-max-cube-size", m_stats.m_max_cube_depth);
+            st.update("parallel-backbones-found", m_stats.m_backbones_found);
+            st.update("parallel-core-min-jobs-enqueued", m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_enqueued);
+            st.update("parallel-core-min-jobs-published", m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_published);
+            st.update("parallel-core-min-jobs-skipped", m_stats.m_core_min_jobs_skipped);
+            st.update("parallel-core-min-global-unsat", m_stats.m_core_min_global_unsat);
+        }
+    };
+
+    /* ================================================================
+     * worker
+     * Each worker owns a translated copy of the original solver plus
+     * its own ast_manager.  Workers communicate only through the
+     * batch_manager (mutex-protected).
+     * ================================================================ */
+    class worker {
+            struct config {
+                unsigned m_threads_max_conflicts = 1000;
+                double   m_max_conflict_mul      = 1.5;
+                unsigned m_max_conflicts         = UINT_MAX;
+                bool     m_share_units           = true;
+                bool     m_share_conflicts       = true;
+                bool     m_share_units_relevant_only = true;
+                bool     m_share_units_initial_only = true;
+                bool     m_core_minimize         = false;
+                bool     m_global_backbones      = false;
+                bool     m_ablate_backtracking   = false;
+                unsigned m_max_cube_depth        = 20;
+        };
+
+        unsigned         id;
+        batch_manager&   b;
+        ast_manager      m;                 /* worker-local manager */
+        ref<solver>      s;                 /* translated solver copy */
+        expr_ref_vector  asms;              /* translated assumptions */
+        ast_translation  m_g2l, m_l2g;     /* global↔local translations */
+        config           m_config;
+        uint_set         m_known_units;     /* bool vars already shared by this worker */
+        unsigned         m_shared_clause_limit = 0;
+        unsigned         m_shared_units_prefix = 0;
+        unsigned         m_num_initial_atoms = 0;
+
+        void update_max_thread_conflicts() {
+            // Use saturating arithmetic to avoid unsigned overflow / undefined behaviour.
+            double next = m_config.m_max_conflict_mul * m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts;
+            m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts = (next >= (double)UINT_MAX) ? UINT_MAX : static_cast<unsigned>(next);
+        }
+
+        lbool check_cube(expr_ref_vector const& cube) {
+            s->set_max_conflicts(std::min(m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts, m_config.m_max_conflicts));
+
+            expr_ref_vector combined(m);
+            combined.append(asms);
+            combined.append(cube);
+
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << " Checking cube\n"
+                                           << bounded_pp_exprs(cube)
+                                           << "with max_conflicts: "
+                                           << std::min(m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts, m_config.m_max_conflicts)
+                                           << "\n";);
+            lbool r = l_undef;
+            try {
+                r = s->check_sat(combined);
+            }
+            catch (z3_error& err) {
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                    b.set_exception(err.error_code());
+            }
+            catch (z3_exception& ex) {
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled() && !is_cancellation_exception(ex.what()))
+                    b.set_exception(ex.what());
+            } 
+            catch (...) {
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                    b.set_exception("unknown exception");
+            }
+            LOG_WORKER(1, " DONE checking cube " << r << "\n";);
+            return r;
+        }
+
+        void collect_shared_clauses() {
+            expr_ref_vector nc = b.return_shared_clauses(m_g2l, m_shared_clause_limit, id);
+            for (expr* e : nc) {
+                LOG_WORKER(4, " asserting shared clause: " << mk_bounded_pp(e, m, 3) << "\n");
+                s->assert_expr(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void share_units() {
+            if (!m_config.m_share_units) 
+                return;
+            expr_ref_vector trail = s->get_assigned_literals();
+            unsigned sz = trail.size();
+            unsigned prefix_sz = std::min(m_shared_units_prefix, sz);
+            bool at_prefix = true;
+            
+            for (unsigned i = m_shared_units_prefix; i < sz; ++i) {
+                expr* e = trail.get(i);
+                if (s->get_assign_level(e) > 0) {
+                    at_prefix = false;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (at_prefix)
+                    ++prefix_sz;
+
+                expr* atom = e;
+                m.is_not(e, atom);
+
+                if (m.is_and(atom) || m.is_or(atom) || m.is_ite(atom) || m.is_iff(atom))
+                    continue;
+
+                unsigned v = s->get_bool_var(atom);
+                if (v == UINT_MAX)
+                    continue;
+                if (m_known_units.contains(v)) 
+                    continue;
+                m_known_units.insert(v);
+
+                if (m_config.m_share_units_relevant_only && !s->is_relevant(atom))
+                    continue;
+                if (m_config.m_share_units_initial_only && v >= m_num_initial_atoms)
+                    continue;
+
+                expr_ref lit(e, m);
+                b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, lit, id);
+            }
+            m_shared_units_prefix = prefix_sz;
+        }
+
+        expr_ref get_split_atom(node_lease const& lease, expr_ref_vector const& cube) {
+            expr_ref result(m);
+            if (cube.size() >= m_config.m_max_cube_depth)
+                return result;
+
+            obj_hashtable<expr> invalid_split_atoms_set;
+            expr_ref_vector invalid_split_atoms(m);
+            auto mark_invalid_split_atom = [&](expr* lit) {
+                expr* atom = lit;
+                m.is_not(lit, atom);
+                if (!invalid_split_atoms_set.contains(atom)) {
+                    invalid_split_atoms_set.insert(atom);
+                    invalid_split_atoms.push_back(atom);
+                }
+            };
+            for (expr* lit : cube) { // don't split on atoms already in the cube
+                mark_invalid_split_atom(lit);
+            }
+            if (m_config.m_global_backbones) { // don't split on global backbones or their negations
+                expr_ref_vector global_backbones = b.get_global_backbones_snapshot(m_g2l);
+                for (expr* lit : global_backbones) {
+                    mark_invalid_split_atom(lit);
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                return s->cube_vsids(invalid_split_atoms);
+            }
+            catch (...) {
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                    b.set_exception("unknown exception");
+                return result;
             }
             return result;
         }
 
-        void set_cubes(vector<cube_var>& c) {
-            m_cubes.reset();
-            DEBUG_CODE(for (auto & cb : c) for (expr* e : cb.cube()) SASSERT(e););
-            m_cubes.append(c);
-        }
-
-        void inc_depth(unsigned inc) { m_depth += inc; }
-
-        void inc_width(unsigned w) { m_width *= w; }
-        
-        double get_width() const { return m_width; }
-
-        unsigned get_depth() const { return m_depth; }
-
-        lbool simplify() {
-            lbool r = l_undef;
-            IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "(parallel.tactic simplify-1)\n";);
-            set_simplify_params(true);         // retain blocked
-            r = get_solver().check_sat(m_assumptions);
-            if (r != l_undef) return r;
-            if (canceled()) return l_undef;
-            IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "(parallel.tactic simplify-2)\n";);
-            set_simplify_params(false);        // remove blocked
-            r = get_solver().check_sat(m_assumptions);
-            return r;            
-        }
-
-        bool giveup() {
-            if (m_giveup)
-                return m_giveup;
-            std::string r = get_solver().reason_unknown(); 
-            std::string inc("(incomplete");
-            m_giveup |= r.compare(0, inc.size(), inc) == 0;
-            inc = "(sat.giveup";
-            m_giveup |= r.compare(0, inc.size(), inc) == 0;
-            if (m_giveup)
-                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << r << "\n");
-            return m_giveup;
-        }
-
-        void assert_cube(expr_ref_vector const& cube) {
-            IF_VERBOSE(3, verbose_stream() << "assert cube: " << cube << "\n");
-            get_solver().assert_expr(cube);
-            m_asserted_cubes.append(cube);
-        }
-
-        void set_cube_params() { 
-        }
-        
-        void set_conquer_params() {            
-            set_conquer_params(get_solver());
-        }
-
-        void set_conquer_params(solver& s) {
-            parallel_params pp(m_params);
-            params_ref p;
-            p.copy(m_params);
-            p.set_bool("gc.burst", true);             // apply eager gc
-            p.set_uint("simplify.delay", 1000);       // delay simplification by 1000 conflicts
-            p.set_bool("lookahead_simplify", false);
-            p.set_uint("restart.max", pp.conquer_restart_max());
-            p.set_uint("inprocess.max", UINT_MAX);    // base bounds on restart.max
-            s.updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-        void set_simplify_params(bool retain_blocked) {
-            parallel_params pp(m_params);
-            params_ref p;
-            p.copy(m_params);
-            double exp = pp.simplify_exp();
-            exp = std::max(exp, 1.0);
-            unsigned mult = static_cast<unsigned>(pow(exp, static_cast<double>(m_depth - 1)));
-            unsigned max_conflicts = pp.simplify_max_conflicts();
-            if (max_conflicts < 1000000)
-                max_conflicts *= std::max(m_depth, 1u);
-            p.set_uint("inprocess.max", pp.simplify_inprocess_max() * mult);
-            p.set_uint("restart.max", pp.simplify_restart_max() * mult);
-            p.set_bool("lookahead_simplify", m_depth > 2);
-            p.set_bool("retain_blocked_clauses", retain_blocked);
-            p.set_uint("max_conflicts", max_conflicts);
-            if (m_depth > 1) p.set_uint("bce_delay", 0);
-            get_solver().updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-        bool canceled() { 
-            return m_giveup || !m().inc();
-        }
-
-        std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) {
-            out << ":depth " << m_depth << " :width " << m_width << "\n";
-            out << ":asserted " << m_asserted_cubes.size() << "\n";
-            return out;
-        }
-    };    
-
-private:
-
-    solver_ref    m_solver;
-    ast_manager&  m_manager;
-    scoped_ptr<ast_manager> m_serialize_manager;
-    params_ref    m_params;
-    sref_vector<model> m_models;
-    scoped_ptr<expr_ref_vector> m_core;
-    unsigned      m_num_threads;    
-    statistics    m_stats;
-    task_queue    m_queue;
-    std::mutex    m_mutex;
-    double        m_progress;
-    unsigned      m_branches;
-    unsigned      m_backtrack_frequency;
-    unsigned      m_conquer_delay;
-    std::atomic<bool> m_has_undef;
-    bool          m_allsat;
-    unsigned      m_num_unsat;
-    unsigned      m_last_depth;
-    int           m_exn_code;
-    std::string   m_exn_msg;
-    std::string   m_reason_undef;
-
-    void init() {
-        parallel_params pp(m_params);
-        m_num_threads = std::min((unsigned) std::thread::hardware_concurrency(), pp.threads_max());
-        m_progress = 0;
-        m_has_undef = false;
-        m_allsat = false;
-        m_branches = 0;    
-        m_num_unsat = 0;
-        m_last_depth = 0;
-        m_backtrack_frequency = pp.conquer_backtrack_frequency();
-        m_conquer_delay = pp.conquer_delay();
-        m_exn_code = 0;
-        m_params.set_bool("override_incremental", true);
-        m_core = nullptr;        
-    }
-
-    void log_branches(lbool status) {
-        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "(tactic.parallel :progress " << m_progress << "%";
-                   if (status == l_true)  verbose_stream() << " :status sat";
-                   if (status == l_undef) verbose_stream() << " :status unknown";
-                   if (m_num_unsat > 0) verbose_stream() << " :closed " << m_num_unsat << "@" << m_last_depth;
-                   verbose_stream() << " :open " << m_branches << ")\n";);
-    }
-
-    void add_branches(unsigned b) {
-        if (b == 0) return;
-        {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            m_branches += b;
-        }
-        log_branches(l_false);
-    }
-
-    void dec_branch() {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        --m_branches;
-    }
-
-    void collect_core(expr_ref_vector const& core) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        if (!m_serialize_manager) 
-            m_serialize_manager = alloc(ast_manager, core.get_manager(), true);                
-        m_core = nullptr;
-        m_core = alloc(expr_ref_vector, *m_serialize_manager);
-        ast_translation tr(core.get_manager(), *m_serialize_manager);
-        expr_ref_vector core1(tr(core));
-        for (expr* c : core1) {
-            if (!m_core->contains(c))
-                m_core->push_back(c);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void close_branch(solver_state& s, lbool status) {
-        double f = 100.0 / s.get_width();
-        {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            m_progress += f;
-            --m_branches;
-        }
-        log_branches(status);
-    }
-
-    void report_sat(solver_state& s, solver* conquer) {
-        close_branch(s, l_true);
-        model_ref mdl;
-        if (conquer) {
-            conquer->get_model(mdl);
-        }
-        else {
-            s.get_solver().get_model(mdl);
-        }
-        if (mdl) {
-            // serialize access to m_serialize_manager
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            if (!m_serialize_manager) 
-                m_serialize_manager = alloc(ast_manager, s.m(), true);                
-            ast_translation tr(s.m(), *m_serialize_manager);
-            mdl = mdl->translate(tr);
-            m_models.push_back(mdl.get());
-        }
-        else if (m_models.empty()) {
-            if (!m_has_undef) {
-                m_has_undef = true;
-                m_reason_undef = "incomplete";
+        bb_candidates find_backbone_candidates(expr_ref_vector const& cube, unsigned k = 10) {
+            bb_candidates result;
+            vector<solver::scored_literal> cands;
+            try {
+                s->get_backbone_candidates(cands, s->get_num_bool_vars());
+            } catch (z3_error& err) {
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                    b.set_exception(err.error_code());
+                return result;
+            } catch (z3_exception &ex) {
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled() && !is_cancellation_exception(ex.what()))
+                    b.set_exception(ex.what());
+                return result;
+            } catch (...) {
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                    b.set_exception("unknown exception");
+                return result;
             }
-        }
-        if (!m_allsat) {
-            m_queue.shutdown();
-        }
-    }
-
-    void inc_unsat(solver_state& s) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        ++m_num_unsat;
-        m_last_depth = s.get_depth();
-    }
-
-    void report_unsat(solver_state& s) {        
-        inc_unsat(s);
-        close_branch(s, l_false);
-        if (s.has_assumptions()) {
-            expr_ref_vector core(s.m());
-            s.get_solver().get_unsat_core(core);
-            collect_core(core);
-        }
-    }
-        
-    void report_undef(solver_state& s, std::string const& reason) {
-        {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            if (!m_has_undef) {
-                m_has_undef = true;
-                m_reason_undef = reason;
+            for (auto const& cand : cands) {
+                expr* lit = cand.lit.get();
+                if (m_config.m_global_backbones &&
+                    b.is_global_backbone_or_negation(m_l2g, lit))
+                    continue;
+                result.push_back(bb_candidate(m, lit, cand.score, 1));
+                if (result.size() >= k)
+                    break;
             }
+            return result;
         }
-        close_branch(s, l_undef);
-    }
 
-    void cube_and_conquer(solver_state& s) {
-        ast_manager& m = s.m();
-        vector<cube_var> cube, hard_cubes, cubes;
-        expr_ref_vector vars(m);
-        unsigned num_simplifications = 0;
+    public:
 
-    cube_again:
-        if (canceled(s)) return;
-        // extract up to one cube and add it.
-        cube.reset();
-        cube.append(s.split_cubes(1));
-        SASSERT(cube.size() <= 1);
-        IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "(tactic.parallel :split-cube " << cube.size() << ")\n";);
-        {
-            // std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            if (!s.cubes().empty()) m_queue.add_task(s.clone());
-        }
-        if (!cube.empty()) {
-            s.assert_cube(cube.get(0).cube());
-            vars.reset();
-            vars.append(cube.get(0).vars());
-        }
-        num_simplifications = 0;
+        worker(unsigned id, parallel_solver& p, solver& src, params_ref const& params, expr_ref_vector const& src_asms)
+            : id(id), b(p.m_batch_manager), asms(m), m_g2l(src.get_manager(), m), m_l2g(m, src.get_manager()) {
+            parallel_params pp(params);
+            m_config.m_core_minimize = pp.core_minimize();
+            m_config.m_ablate_backtracking = pp.ablate_backtracking();
+            m_config.m_global_backbones = pp.num_bb_threads() > 0;
+            if (m_config.m_ablate_backtracking)
+                m_config.m_core_minimize = false;
 
-    simplify_again:
-        ++num_simplifications;
-        // simplify
-        s.inc_depth(1);
-        if (canceled(s)) return;
-        switch (s.simplify()) {
-        case l_undef: break;
-        case l_true:  report_sat(s, nullptr); return;
-        case l_false: report_unsat(s); return;                
+            s = src.translate(m, params);
+            // don't share initial units
+            s->pop_to_base_level();
+            m_shared_units_prefix = s->get_assigned_literals().size();
+            m_num_initial_atoms = s->get_num_bool_vars();
+            // avoid preprocessing lemmas that are exchanged
+            s->set_preprocess(false);
+
+            for (expr* a : src_asms)
+                asms.push_back(m_g2l(a));
+
+            LOG_WORKER(1, " created with " << asms.size() << " assumptions\n");
         }
-        if (canceled(s)) return;
-        if (s.giveup()) { report_undef(s, s.get_solver().reason_unknown()); return; }
-        
-        if (memory_pressure()) {
-            goto simplify_again;
-        }
-        // extract cubes.
-        cubes.reset();
-        s.set_cube_params();
-        solver_ref conquer;
-        
-        unsigned cutoff = UINT_MAX;
-        bool first = true;
-        unsigned num_backtracks = 0, width = 0;
-        while (cutoff > 0 && !canceled(s)) {
-            expr_ref_vector c = s.get_solver().cube(vars, cutoff);
-            if (c.empty() || (cube.size() == 1 && m.is_true(c.back()))) {
-                if (num_simplifications > 1) {
-                    report_undef(s, std::string("cube simplifications exceeded")); 
+
+        void run() {
+            bool is_first_run = true;
+            node_lease lease;
+            expr_ref_vector cube(m);
+
+            while (true) {
+                if (!b.get_cube(m_g2l, id, cube, is_first_run, lease)) {
+                    LOG_WORKER(1, " no more cubes\n");
                     return;
                 }
-                goto simplify_again;
-            }
-            if (m.is_false(c.back())) {                
-                break;
-            }
-            lbool is_sat = l_undef;
-            if (!s.has_assumptions() && width >= m_conquer_delay && !conquer) {
-                conquer = s.copy_solver();
-                s.set_conquer_params(*conquer.get());
-            }
-            if (conquer) {
-                is_sat = conquer->check_sat(c);
-            }
-            DEBUG_CODE(for (expr* e : c) SASSERT(e););
-            switch (is_sat) {
-            case l_false: 
-                cutoff = c.size();
-                backtrack(*conquer.get(), c, (num_backtracks++) % m_backtrack_frequency == 0);
-                if (cutoff != c.size()) {
-                    IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "(tactic.parallel :backtrack " << cutoff << " -> " << c.size() << ")\n");
-                    cutoff = c.size();
+                is_first_run = false;
+                collect_shared_clauses();
+            check_cube_start:
+                LOG_WORKER(1, " CUBE SIZE IN MAIN LOOP: " << cube.size() << "\n");
+                if (m_config.m_global_backbones) {
+                    bb_candidates local_candidates = find_backbone_candidates(cube);
+                    b.collect_backbone_candidates(m_l2g, local_candidates);
+                    bool lease_canceled = false;
+                    if (!b.checkpoint_worker(id, lease, lease_canceled))
+                        return;
+                    if (lease_canceled) {
+                        LOG_WORKER(1, " abandoning canceled lease\n");
+                        continue;
+                    }
                 }
-                inc_unsat(s);
-                log_branches(l_false);
-                break;
+                lbool r = check_cube(cube);
 
-            case l_true:
-                report_sat(s, conquer.get());
-                if (conquer) {
-                    collect_statistics(*conquer.get());
+                bool lease_canceled = false;
+                if (!b.checkpoint_worker(id, lease, lease_canceled))
+                    return;
+                if (lease_canceled) {
+                    LOG_WORKER(1, " abandoning canceled lease\n");
+                    continue;
                 }
-                return;
 
-            case l_undef:
-                ++width;
-                IF_VERBOSE(2, verbose_stream() << "(tactic.parallel :cube " << c.size() << " :vars " << vars.size() << ")\n"); 
-                cubes.push_back(cube_var(c, vars));
-                cutoff = UINT_MAX;
-                break;
+                switch (r) {
 
-            }
-            if (cubes.size() >= conquer_batch_size()) {
-                spawn_cubes(s, 10*width, cubes);
-                first = false;
-                cubes.reset();
+                case l_undef: {
+                    LOG_WORKER(1, " found undef cube\n");
+                    // Escalating the conflict budget (update_max_thread_conflicts)
+                    // or splitting the cube only helps when the cube was abandoned
+                    // because the per-cube conflict limit was reached. For any other
+                    // source of incompleteness (an incomplete theory, quantifiers,
+                    // lambdas, resource limits, ...) the verdict will not change, so
+                    // re-checking the same cube would spin forever. Record a sound
+                    // 'unknown' verdict and stop working this branch instead.
+                    std::string reason = s->reason_unknown();
+                    if (reason != "max-conflicts-reached") {
+                        LOG_WORKER(1, " undef cube is not conflict-limited (" << reason << "); reporting unknown\n");
+                        b.set_unknown(reason);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    update_max_thread_conflicts();
+                    if (m_config.m_max_cube_depth <= cube.size())
+                        goto check_cube_start;
+                    expr_ref atom = get_split_atom(lease, cube);
+                    if (atom) {
+                        b.try_split(m_l2g, id, lease, atom.get(), m_config.m_threads_max_conflicts);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        goto check_cube_start;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case l_true: {
+                    LOG_WORKER(1, " found sat cube\n");
+                    model_ref mdl;
+                    s->get_model(mdl);
+                    if (mdl)
+                        b.set_sat(m_l2g, *mdl);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                case l_false: {
+                    expr_ref_vector unsat_core(m);
+                    s->get_unsat_core(unsat_core);
+                    LOG_WORKER(2, " unsat core:\n";
+                               for (auto c : unsat_core) verbose_stream() << mk_bounded_pp(c, m, 3) << "\n");
+
+                    if (all_of(unsat_core, [&](expr* e) { return asms.contains(e); })) {
+                        LOG_WORKER(1, " determined formula unsat\n");
+                        b.set_unsat(m_l2g, unsat_core);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    LOG_WORKER(1, " found unsat cube\n");
+                    auto* source = lease.leased_node;
+                    expr_ref_vector const& core_to_use = m_config.m_ablate_backtracking ? cube : unsat_core;
+                    b.backtrack(m_l2g, id, core_to_use, lease);
+
+                    if (m_config.m_core_minimize)
+                        b.enqueue_core_minimization(m_l2g, source, unsat_core);
+
+                    if (m_config.m_share_conflicts)
+                        b.collect_clause(m_l2g, id, mk_not(mk_and(unsat_core)));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                }
+                if (m_config.m_share_units)
+                    share_units();
             }
         }
 
-        if (conquer) {
-            collect_statistics(*conquer.get());
+        void cancel() {
+            LOG_WORKER(1, " canceling\n");
+            m.limit().cancel();
         }
 
-        if (cubes.empty() && first) {
-            report_unsat(s);
+        void cancel_lease() {
+            LOG_WORKER(1, " canceling lease\n");
+            m.limit().inc_cancel();
         }
-        else if (cubes.empty()) {
-            dec_branch();
+
+        void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const {
+            s->collect_statistics(st);
         }
-        else {
-            s.inc_width(width);
-            add_branches(cubes.size()-1);
-            s.set_cubes(cubes);
-            goto cube_again;
-        }                
-    }
 
-    void spawn_cubes(solver_state& s, unsigned width, vector<cube_var>& cubes) {
-        if (cubes.empty()) return;
-        add_branches(cubes.size());
-        s.set_cubes(cubes);        
-        solver_state* s1 = nullptr;
-        {
-            // std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            s1 = s.clone();
-        }
-        s1->inc_width(width);
-        m_queue.add_task(s1);
-    }
+        reslimit& limit() { return m.limit(); }
+    };
 
-    /*
-     * \brief backtrack from unsatisfiable core
-     */
-    void backtrack(solver& s, expr_ref_vector& asms, bool full) {
-        ast_manager& m = s.get_manager();
-        expr_ref_vector core(m);
-        obj_hashtable<expr> hcore;
-        s.get_unsat_core(core);
-        while (!asms.empty() && !core.contains(asms.back())) asms.pop_back();
-        if (!full) return;
+    class backbones_worker {
+    private:
+        struct stats {
+            unsigned m_batches_total = 0;
+            unsigned m_candidates_total = 0;
+            unsigned m_singleton_backbones = 0;
+            unsigned m_backbones_detected = 0;
+            unsigned m_internal_backbones_found = 0;
+            unsigned m_retry_backbones_found = 0;
+            unsigned m_bb_retries = 0;
+            unsigned m_fallback_singleton_checks = 0;
+            unsigned m_fallback_reason_chunk_exhausted = 0;
+            unsigned m_fallback_reason_undef = 0;
+            unsigned m_core_refinement_rounds = 0;
+            unsigned m_lits_removed_by_core = 0;
+            unsigned m_num_chunk_increases = 0;
+        };
 
-        //s.assert_expr(m.mk_not(mk_and(core)));
-        if (!asms.empty()) {
-            expr* last = asms.back();
-            expr_ref not_last(mk_not(m, last), m);
-            asms.pop_back();
-            asms.push_back(not_last);
-            lbool r = s.check_sat(asms);
-            asms.pop_back();
-            if (r != l_false) {
-                asms.push_back(last);
-                return;
+        unsigned         id;
+        batch_manager&   b;
+        ast_manager      m;
+        ref<solver>      s;
+        expr_ref_vector  asms;
+        ast_translation  m_g2l, m_l2g;
+        unsigned         m_bb_chunk_size = 20;
+        unsigned         m_bb_conflicts_per_chunk = 1000;
+        unsigned         m_shared_clause_limit = 0;
+        stats            m_stats;
+        unsigned         m_shared_units_prefix = 0;
+        unsigned         m_num_initial_atoms = 0;
+        bool             m_positive_mode = false;
+
+        void collect_shared_clauses() {
+            expr_ref_vector nc = b.return_shared_clauses(m_g2l, m_shared_clause_limit, UINT_MAX);
+            for (expr* e : nc) {
+                s->assert_expr(e);
+                LOG_BB_WORKER(4, " asserting shared clause: " << mk_bounded_pp(e, m, 3) << "\n");
             }
-            core.reset();
-            s.get_unsat_core(core);
-            if (core.contains(not_last)) {
-                //s.assert_expr(m.mk_not(mk_and(core)));
-                r = s.check_sat(asms);
-            }
-            if (r == l_false) {
-                backtrack(s, asms, full);
-            }            
-        }        
-    }
-
-    bool canceled(solver_state& s) {
-        if (s.canceled()) {
-            m_has_undef = true;
-            return true;
         }
-        else {
+
+        bool try_get_unit_backbone(expr* candidate, expr_ref& backbone) {
+            expr_ref_vector trail = s->get_assigned_literals();
+            expr* atom = candidate;
+            m.is_not(candidate, atom);
+            for (expr* e : trail) {
+                if (s->get_assign_level(e) > 0)
+                    continue;
+                expr* trail_atom = e;
+                m.is_not(e, trail_atom);
+                if (trail_atom != atom)
+                    continue;
+                backbone = expr_ref(e, m);
+                return true;
+            }
             return false;
-        }        
-    }
+        }
 
-    bool memory_pressure() { 
-        return memory::above_high_watermark();
-    }
+        lbool probe_literal(expr* e, bool is_retry) {
+            lbool r = l_undef;
+            try {
+                asms.push_back(e);
+                r = s->check_sat(asms);
+                asms.pop_back();
+            }
+            catch (z3_error& err) {
+                asms.pop_back();
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                    b.set_exception(err.error_code());
+            }
+            catch (z3_exception& ex) {
+                asms.pop_back();
+                if (!m.limit().is_canceled() && !is_cancellation_exception(ex.what()))
+                    b.set_exception(ex.what());
+            }
 
-    void run_solver() {
-        try {
-            while (solver_state* st = m_queue.get_task()) {
-                cube_and_conquer(*st);                
-                collect_statistics(*st);
-                m_queue.task_done(st);
-                if (!st->m().inc()) m_queue.shutdown();
-                IF_VERBOSE(2, display(verbose_stream()););
-                dealloc(st);
+            if (r == l_false) {
+                expr_ref_vector core(m);
+                s->get_unsat_core(core);
+                if (!core.contains(e)) {
+                    b.set_unsat(m_l2g, core);
+                    return l_false;
+                }
+                expr_ref bb(mk_not(m, e), m);
+                ++m_stats.m_backbones_detected;
+                if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, bb)) {
+                    ++m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found;
+                    if (is_retry)
+                        ++m_stats.m_retry_backbones_found;
+                }
+                s->assert_expr(bb.get());
+                return l_undef;
+            }
+            if (r == l_true) {
+                model_ref mdl;
+                s->get_model(mdl);
+                if (mdl)
+                    b.set_sat(m_l2g, *mdl);
+            }
+            return r;
+        }
+
+        void run_batch_mode() {
+            bb_candidates curr_batch;
+
+            while (m.inc()) {
+                if (!b.wait_for_backbone_job(id, m_g2l, curr_batch, m.limit())) {
+                    LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " BACKBONES WORKER cancelling\n");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (curr_batch.empty())
+                    continue;
+
+                LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " received batch of " << curr_batch.size() << " candidates\n");
+                collect_shared_clauses();
+
+                unsigned local_cancel_epoch = b.get_cancel_epoch();
+                auto canceled = [&] { return local_cancel_epoch != b.get_cancel_epoch(); };
+                unsigned bb_candidate_epoch = b.get_bb_candidate_epoch();
+
+                auto fallback_failed_literal_probe =
+                    [&](expr_ref_vector const& chunk_lits, expr_ref_vector& bb_candidate_lits, bool is_retry = false) {
+                        if (is_retry)
+                            ++m_stats.m_bb_retries;
+                        else
+                            ++m_stats.m_fallback_singleton_checks;
+
+                        unsigned old_max_conflicts = s->get_max_conflicts();
+                        s->set_max_conflicts(10);
+
+                        for (expr* lit : chunk_lits) {
+                            if (is_retry && b.has_new_backbone_candidates(bb_candidate_epoch)) {
+                                s->set_max_conflicts(old_max_conflicts);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            if (!m.inc() || canceled()) {
+                                s->set_max_conflicts(old_max_conflicts);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            if (!bb_candidate_lits.contains(lit))
+                                continue;
+
+                            expr_ref bb_ref(lit, m);
+                            if (m_positive_mode)
+                                bb_ref = mk_not(m, bb_ref);
+
+                            if (!b.is_global_backbone_or_negation(m_l2g, bb_ref.get())) {
+                                expr_ref backbone(m);
+                                if (try_get_unit_backbone(bb_ref.get(), backbone)) {
+                                    ++m_stats.m_backbones_detected;
+                                    if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, backbone)) {
+                                        ++m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found;
+                                        if (is_retry)
+                                            ++m_stats.m_retry_backbones_found;
+                                    }
+                                    LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " fallback found unit backbone: " << mk_bounded_pp(backbone.get(), m, 3) << "\n");
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    expr* atom = bb_ref.get();
+                                    m.is_not(bb_ref.get(), atom);
+                                    if (s->get_bool_var(atom) != UINT_MAX) {
+                                        lbool terminal_result = probe_literal(mk_not(m, bb_ref), is_retry);
+                                        LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " RESULT: " << terminal_result << " FOR CANDIDATE: " << mk_bounded_pp(bb_ref.get(), m, 3) << "\n");
+                                        if (terminal_result != l_undef) {
+                                            s->set_max_conflicts(old_max_conflicts);
+                                            return;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            bb_candidate_lits.erase(lit);
+                        }
+
+                        s->set_max_conflicts(old_max_conflicts);
+                    };
+
+                ++m_stats.m_batches_total;
+                m_stats.m_candidates_total += curr_batch.size();
+
+                expr_ref_vector bb_candidate_lits(m);
+                for (auto const& c : curr_batch)
+                    bb_candidate_lits.push_back(c.lit);
+
+                unsigned chunk_delta = 1;
+
+                while (!bb_candidate_lits.empty() && !canceled() && m.inc()) {
+                    {
+                        unsigned j = 0;
+                        for (expr* lit : bb_candidate_lits) {
+                            if (!b.is_global_backbone_or_negation(m_l2g, lit))
+                                bb_candidate_lits[j++] = lit;
+                        }
+                        bb_candidate_lits.shrink(j);
+                    }
+
+                    {
+                        unsigned j = 0;
+                        for (expr* lit : bb_candidate_lits) {
+                            expr_ref backbone(m);
+                            if (try_get_unit_backbone(lit, backbone)) {
+                                if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, backbone))
+                                    ++m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found;
+                                ++m_stats.m_backbones_detected;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            bb_candidate_lits[j++] = lit;
+                        }
+                        bb_candidate_lits.shrink(j);
+                    }
+
+                    unsigned chunk_size = std::min(m_bb_chunk_size * chunk_delta, bb_candidate_lits.size());
+                    expr_ref_vector chunk_lits(m);
+                    expr_ref_vector negated_chunk_lits(m);
+                    expr_mark chunk_atoms;
+
+                    for (unsigned i = 0; i < bb_candidate_lits.size() && chunk_lits.size() < chunk_size; ++i) {
+                        expr* lit = bb_candidate_lits.get(i);
+                        expr* atom = lit;
+                        m.is_not(lit, atom);
+                        if (chunk_atoms.is_marked(atom))
+                            continue;
+                        chunk_atoms.mark(atom);
+                        chunk_lits.push_back(lit);
+                        negated_chunk_lits.push_back(mk_not(m, lit));
+                    }
+
+                    expr_ref_vector bb_asms(m);
+                    if (!m_positive_mode)
+                        bb_asms.append(negated_chunk_lits);
+                    else
+                        bb_asms.append(chunk_lits);
+
+                    collect_shared_clauses();
+
+                    while (true) {
+                        if (!m.inc()) {
+                            b.set_canceled();
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        if (canceled())
+                            break;
+
+                        ++m_stats.m_core_refinement_rounds;
+                        unsigned base_asms_sz = asms.size();
+                        for (expr* a : bb_asms)
+                            asms.push_back(a);
+
+                        s->set_max_conflicts(m_bb_conflicts_per_chunk);
+                        lbool r = l_undef;
+                        try {
+                            r = s->check_sat(asms);
+                        }
+                        catch (z3_error& err) {
+                            if (!m.limit().is_canceled())
+                                b.set_exception(err.error_code());
+                        }
+                        catch (z3_exception& ex) {
+                            if (!m.limit().is_canceled() && !is_cancellation_exception(ex.what()))
+                                b.set_exception(ex.what());
+                        }
+                        asms.shrink(base_asms_sz);
+
+                        if (!m.inc() || canceled())
+                            break;
+
+                        if (r == l_undef) {
+                            LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " UNDEF at chunk_size=" << chunk_size << "\n");
+                            if (chunk_size < bb_candidate_lits.size()) {
+                                ++chunk_delta;
+                                ++m_stats.m_num_chunk_increases;
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " UNDEF and max chunk -> fallback\n");
+                            fallback_failed_literal_probe(chunk_lits, bb_candidate_lits);
+                            ++m_stats.m_fallback_reason_undef;
+                            chunk_delta = 1;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (r == l_true) {
+                            LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " batch check returned SAT, thus entire formula is SAT\n");
+                            model_ref mdl;
+                            s->get_model(mdl);
+                            if (mdl)
+                                b.set_sat(m_l2g, *mdl);
+                            curr_batch.reset();
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        expr_ref_vector bb_asms_in_core(m);
+                        expr_ref_vector unsat_core(m);
+                        s->get_unsat_core(unsat_core);
+
+                        for (expr* a : unsat_core)
+                            if (bb_asms.contains(a))
+                                bb_asms_in_core.push_back(a);
+
+                        if (bb_asms_in_core.empty()) {
+                            b.set_unsat(m_l2g, unsat_core);
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        if (bb_asms_in_core.size() == 1) {
+                            expr* a = bb_asms_in_core.back();
+                            expr_ref backbone_lit(mk_not(m, a), m);
+
+                            ++m_stats.m_singleton_backbones;
+                            ++m_stats.m_backbones_detected;
+
+                            if (b.collect_global_backbone(m_l2g, backbone_lit)) {
+                                ++m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found;
+                                s->assert_expr(backbone_lit.get());
+                            }
+
+                            expr* candidate_to_remove =
+                                (!m_positive_mode) ? backbone_lit.get() : a;
+                            bb_candidate_lits.erase(candidate_to_remove);
+                        }
+
+                        unsigned sz_before = bb_asms.size();
+                        for (expr* a : bb_asms_in_core)
+                            bb_asms.erase(a);
+                        m_stats.m_lits_removed_by_core += sz_before - bb_asms.size();
+                        chunk_delta = 1;
+
+                        if (bb_asms.empty()) {
+                            LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " no more negated chunk literals, fallback to individual checks\n");
+                            fallback_failed_literal_probe(chunk_lits, bb_candidate_lits);
+                            ++m_stats.m_fallback_reason_chunk_exhausted;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                while (!b.has_new_backbone_candidates(bb_candidate_epoch) && !canceled() && m.inc()) {
+                    collect_shared_clauses();
+                    unsigned found_before = m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found;
+
+                    expr_ref_vector bb_snapshot = b.get_global_backbones_snapshot(m_g2l);
+                    expr_mark bb_mark;
+                    for (expr* e : bb_snapshot) {
+                        bb_mark.mark(e);
+                        bb_mark.mark(mk_not(m, e));
+                    }
+                    bb_candidate_lits.reset();
+                    for (auto const& c : curr_batch)
+                        if (!bb_mark.is_marked(c.lit.get()))
+                            bb_candidate_lits.push_back(c.lit);
+
+                    if (bb_candidate_lits.empty())
+                        break;
+
+                    fallback_failed_literal_probe(bb_candidate_lits, bb_candidate_lits, true);
+
+                    if (m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found == found_before)
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (!canceled())
+                    b.cancel_current_backbone_batch();
+
+                curr_batch.reset();
             }
         }
-        catch (z3_exception& ex) {   
-            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << ex.what() << "\n";);
-            if (m_queue.in_shutdown()) return;
-            m_queue.shutdown();
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            if (ex.has_error_code()) {
-                m_exn_code = ex.error_code();
-            }
-            else {
-                m_exn_msg = ex.what();
-                m_exn_code = -1;
+
+    public:
+        backbones_worker(unsigned id, parallel_solver& p, solver& src, params_ref const& params,
+                         expr_ref_vector const& src_asms)
+            : id(id), b(p.m_batch_manager),
+              asms(m), m_g2l(src.get_manager(), m), m_l2g(m, src.get_manager()) {
+            s = src.translate(m, params);
+            s->set_max_conflicts(m_bb_conflicts_per_chunk);
+            s->pop_to_base_level();
+            for (expr* a : src_asms)
+                asms.push_back(m_g2l(a));
+            m_positive_mode = id != 0;
+            m_shared_units_prefix = s->get_assigned_literals().size();
+            m_num_initial_atoms = s->get_num_bool_vars();
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Initialized backbones thread " << id << "\n");
+        }
+
+        void run() { run_batch_mode(); }
+
+        void cancel() {
+            LOG_BB_WORKER(1, " BACKBONES WORKER cancelling\n");
+            m.limit().cancel();
+        }
+
+        void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const {
+            st.update("parallel-bb-batches-total", m_stats.m_batches_total);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-candidates-total", m_stats.m_candidates_total);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-backbones-detected", m_stats.m_backbones_detected);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-internal-backbones-found", m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-retry-backbones-found", m_stats.m_retry_backbones_found);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-retries", m_stats.m_bb_retries);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-core-refinement-rounds", m_stats.m_core_refinement_rounds);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-singleton-backbones", m_stats.m_singleton_backbones);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-fallback-singleton-checks", m_stats.m_fallback_singleton_checks);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-fallback-chunk-exhausted", m_stats.m_fallback_reason_chunk_exhausted);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-fallback-undef", m_stats.m_fallback_reason_undef);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-literals-removed-by-core", m_stats.m_lits_removed_by_core);
+            st.update("parallel-bb-num-chunk-increases", m_stats.m_num_chunk_increases);
+
+            auto safe_ratio = [](double num, double den) -> double {
+                return den > 0 ? num / den : 0.0;
+            };
+
+            st.update("parallel-bb-backbone-yield-pct",
+                100.0 * safe_ratio(m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found, m_stats.m_candidates_total));
+            st.update("parallel-bb-avg-backbones-per-batch",
+                safe_ratio(m_stats.m_internal_backbones_found, m_stats.m_batches_total));
+            st.update("parallel-bb-core-refinement-rounds-per-batch",
+                safe_ratio(m_stats.m_core_refinement_rounds, m_stats.m_batches_total));
+            st.update("parallel-bb-core-effectiveness-lit-removed-per-round",
+                safe_ratio(m_stats.m_lits_removed_by_core, m_stats.m_core_refinement_rounds));
+        }
+
+        reslimit& limit() { return m.limit(); }
+    };
+
+    class core_minimizer_worker {
+        batch_manager&   b;
+        ast_manager      m;
+        ref<solver>      s;
+        expr_ref_vector  asms;
+        ast_translation  m_g2l, m_l2g;
+        unsigned         m_num_core_minimize_calls = 0;
+        unsigned         m_num_core_minimize_undef = 0;
+        unsigned         m_num_core_minimize_refined = 0;
+        unsigned         m_num_core_minimize_lits_removed = 0;
+        unsigned         m_num_core_minimize_found_sat = 0;
+        unsigned         m_core_minimize_conflict_budget = 5000;
+        unsigned         m_shared_clause_limit = 0;
+
+        void collect_shared_clauses() {
+            expr_ref_vector nc = b.return_shared_clauses(m_g2l, m_shared_clause_limit, UINT_MAX);
+            for (expr* e : nc) {
+                s->assert_expr(e);
+                IF_VERBOSE(4, verbose_stream() << "Core minimizer asserting shared clause: "
+                                               << mk_bounded_pp(e, m, 3) << "\n";);
             }
         }
+
+        void minimize_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector& core) {
+            expr_ref_vector unknown(core), mus(m), trial(m);
+            unsigned original_size = core.size();
+            ++m_num_core_minimize_calls;
+
+            while (!unknown.empty()) {
+                if (!m.inc()) {
+                    core.reset();
+                    core.append(mus);
+                    core.append(unknown);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                expr* lit = unknown.back();
+                unknown.pop_back();
+                expr_ref not_lit(mk_not(m, lit), m);
+
+                trial.reset();
+                trial.append(mus);
+                trial.append(unknown);
+                trial.push_back(not_lit);
+
+                lbool r = l_undef;
+                try {
+                    s->set_max_conflicts(m_core_minimize_conflict_budget);
+                    r = s->check_sat(trial);
+                }
+                catch (z3_error&) {
+                    r = l_undef;
+                }
+                catch (z3_exception&) {
+                    r = l_undef;
+                }
+
+                switch (r) {
+                case l_undef:
+                    ++m_num_core_minimize_undef;
+                    mus.push_back(lit);
+                    break;
+                case l_true: {
+                    if (!asms.empty()) {
+                        mus.push_back(lit);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    ++m_num_core_minimize_found_sat;
+                    model_ref mdl;
+                    s->get_model(mdl);
+                    if (mdl)
+                        b.set_sat(m_l2g, *mdl);
+                    return;
+                }
+                case l_false: {
+                    expr_ref_vector unsat_core(m);
+                    s->get_unsat_core(unsat_core);
+                    if (!unsat_core.contains(not_lit)) {
+                        ++m_num_core_minimize_refined;
+                        unknown.reset();
+                        expr_ref_vector new_mus(m);
+                        for (expr* c : unsat_core) {
+                            if (mus.contains(c))
+                                new_mus.push_back(c);
+                            else
+                                unknown.push_back(c);
+                        }
+                        mus.reset();
+                        mus.append(new_mus);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    UNREACHABLE();
+                }
+            }
+
+            core.reset();
+            core.append(mus);
+            core.append(unknown);
+            if (core.size() < original_size)
+                m_num_core_minimize_lits_removed += original_size - core.size();
+        }
+
+    public:
+        core_minimizer_worker(parallel_solver& p, solver& src, params_ref const& params,
+                              expr_ref_vector const& src_asms)
+            : b(p.m_batch_manager),
+              asms(m), m_g2l(src.get_manager(), m), m_l2g(m, src.get_manager()) {
+            s = src.translate(m, params);
+            s->pop_to_base_level();
+            // avoid preprocessing lemmas that are exchanged
+            s->set_preprocess(false);
+            for (expr* a : src_asms)
+                asms.push_back(m_g2l(a));
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Initialized core minimizer thread\n");
+        }
+
+        void run() {
+            while (m.inc()) {
+                search_tree::node<solver_cube_config>* source = nullptr;
+                expr_ref_vector core(m);
+                if (!b.wait_for_core_min_job(m_g2l, source, core, m.limit()))
+                    return;
+
+                unsigned original_size = core.size();
+                if (original_size <= 1)
+                    continue;
+
+                collect_shared_clauses();
+
+                expr_ref_vector minimized(m);
+                minimized.append(core);
+
+                if (minimized.size() <= 1)
+                    continue;
+
+                minimize_unsat_core(minimized);
+
+                if (minimized.size() < original_size)
+                    b.publish_minimized_core(m_l2g, asms, source, original_size, minimized);
+            }
+            b.set_canceled();
+        }
+
+        void cancel() {
+            IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Core minimizer cancelling\n");
+            m.limit().cancel();
+        }
+
+        void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const {
+            st.update("parallel-core-minimize-calls", m_num_core_minimize_calls);
+            st.update("parallel-core-minimize-undef", m_num_core_minimize_undef);
+            st.update("parallel-core-minimize-refined", m_num_core_minimize_refined);
+            st.update("parallel-core-minimize-lits-removed", m_num_core_minimize_lits_removed);
+            st.update("parallel-core-minimize-found-sat", m_num_core_minimize_found_sat);
+        }
+
+        reslimit& limit() { return m.limit(); }
+    };
+
+    /* ---- members ---- */
+    ref<solver>               m_solver;
+    ast_manager&              m_manager;
+    params_ref                m_params;
+    scoped_ptr_vector<worker> m_workers;
+    scoped_ptr<core_minimizer_worker> m_core_minimizer_worker;
+    scoped_ptr_vector<backbones_worker> m_global_backbones_workers;
+    batch_manager             m_batch_manager;
+    statistics                m_stats;
+public:
+
+    parallel_solver(solver* s, params_ref const& p)
+        : m_solver(s),
+          m_manager(s->get_manager()),
+          m_params(p),
+          m_batch_manager(s->get_manager(), *this) {}
+
+    params_ref mk_worker_params(unsigned seed_offset) const {
+        params_ref p(m_params);
+        // Match smt_parallel's per-worker m_smt_params.m_random_seed += id.
+        // Generic solver workers receive the seed through translate params.
+        unsigned base_seed = m_params.get_uint("random_seed", 0);
+        p.set_uint("random_seed", base_seed + seed_offset);
+        p.set_uint("threads", 1);
+        return p;
     }
 
-    void collect_statistics(solver_state& s) {
-        collect_statistics(s.get_solver());
-    }
+    /* Run the portfolio.  Returns sat/unsat/undef.
+     *
+     * On sat:   *mdl is populated (translated into m_manager).
+     * On unsat: *core is populated (translated into m_manager).
+     * asms:     original external assumptions (in m_manager). */
+    lbool solve(expr_ref_vector const& asms,
+                model_ref& mdl,
+                expr_ref_vector& core) {
 
-    void collect_statistics(solver& s) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        s.collect_statistics(m_stats);
-    }
+        parallel_params pp(m_params);
+        unsigned num_threads = std::min(
+            static_cast<unsigned>(std::thread::hardware_concurrency()),
+            pp.threads_max());
+        bool core_minimize = pp.core_minimize();
+        unsigned num_bb_threads = pp.num_bb_threads();
+        if (num_bb_threads > 2)
+            throw default_exception("parallel.num_bb_threads must be 0, 1, or 2");
+        if (num_threads > num_bb_threads + 2)
+            num_threads -= num_bb_threads;
+        else
+            num_bb_threads = 0;
+        if (core_minimize && num_threads > 2)
+            num_threads -= 1;
+        else
+            core_minimize = false;
+        unsigned total_threads = num_threads + (core_minimize ? 1 : 0) + num_bb_threads;
 
-    lbool solve(model_ref& mdl) {        
-        add_branches(1);
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Parallel tactical2 with " << total_threads << " threads\n";);
+
+        if (m_manager.has_trace_stream())
+            throw default_exception(
+                "parallel_tactic2 does not work with trace streams");
+
+        /* Build workers – each gets a translated solver copy. */
+        m_workers.reset();
+        scoped_limits sl(m_manager.limit());
+
+        // Set up the source before translating workers. SMT context copies
+        // then run initial internalization/preprocessing before workers disable
+        // preprocessing for exchanged lemmas.
+        m_solver->setup_for_parallel();
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i) {
+            params_ref worker_params = mk_worker_params(i);
+            auto* w = alloc(worker, i, *this, *m_solver, worker_params, asms);
+            m_workers.push_back(w);
+            sl.push_child(&(w->limit()));
+        }
+
+        m_core_minimizer_worker = nullptr;
+        if (core_minimize) {
+            params_ref core_min_params = mk_worker_params(num_threads);
+            m_core_minimizer_worker = alloc(core_minimizer_worker, *this, *m_solver, core_min_params, asms);
+            sl.push_child(&(m_core_minimizer_worker->limit()));
+        }
+        m_global_backbones_workers.reset();
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bb_threads; ++i) {
+            params_ref bb_params = mk_worker_params(num_threads + (core_minimize ? 1 : 0) + i);
+            auto* w = alloc(backbones_worker, i, *this, *m_solver, bb_params, asms);
+            m_global_backbones_workers.push_back(w);
+            sl.push_child(&(w->limit()));
+        }
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "Launched " << m_workers.size() << " CDCL threads, "
+                                       << 0 << " SLS threads, "
+                                       << (m_core_minimizer_worker ? 1 : 0) << " core minimizer threads, "
+                                       << m_global_backbones_workers.size() << " global backbone threads.\n";);
+
+        m_batch_manager.initialize(num_bb_threads);
+
+        auto safe_run = [&](auto&& run_fn, reslimit& lim) {
+            try {
+                run_fn();
+                if (lim.is_canceled())
+                    m_batch_manager.set_canceled();
+            } catch (z3_error &err) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "Exception in parallel solver: " << err.what() << "\n");
+                if (!lim.is_canceled())
+                    m_batch_manager.set_exception(err.error_code());
+                else
+                    m_batch_manager.set_canceled();
+            } catch (z3_exception &ex) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "Exception in parallel solver: " << ex.what() << "\n");
+                if (!lim.is_canceled() && !is_cancellation_exception(ex.what()))
+                    m_batch_manager.set_exception(ex.what());
+                else
+                    m_batch_manager.set_canceled();
+            } catch (...) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "Unknown exception in parallel solver\n");
+                if (!lim.is_canceled())
+                    m_batch_manager.set_exception("unknown exception");
+                else
+                    m_batch_manager.set_canceled();
+            }
+        };
+
+        /* Launch threads. */
         vector<std::thread> threads;
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_num_threads; ++i) 
-            threads.push_back(std::thread([this]() { run_solver(); }));
-        for (std::thread& t : threads) 
+        for (auto *w : m_workers)
+            threads.push_back(std::thread([w, &safe_run]() {
+                safe_run([w]() { w->run(); }, w->limit());
+            }));
+        if (m_core_minimizer_worker)
+            threads.push_back(std::thread([this, &safe_run]() {
+                safe_run([this]() { m_core_minimizer_worker->run(); }, m_core_minimizer_worker->limit());
+            }));
+        for (auto* w : m_global_backbones_workers)
+            threads.push_back(std::thread([w, &safe_run]() {
+                safe_run([w]() { w->run(); }, w->limit());
+            }));
+
+        for (auto& t : threads)
             t.join();
-        m_queue.stats(m_stats);
+
+        m_solver->reset_statistics();
+        statistics aux;
+        for (auto* w : m_workers) {
+            aux.reset();
+            w->collect_statistics(aux);
+            m_solver->add_statistics(aux);
+        }
+        aux.reset();
+        m_batch_manager.collect_statistics(aux);
+        m_solver->add_statistics(aux);
+        if (m_core_minimizer_worker) {
+            aux.reset();
+            m_core_minimizer_worker->collect_statistics(aux);
+            m_solver->add_statistics(aux);
+        }
+        for (auto* w : m_global_backbones_workers) {
+            aux.reset();
+            w->collect_statistics(aux);
+            m_solver->add_statistics(aux);
+        }
+        m_stats.reset();
+        m_solver->collect_statistics(m_stats);
+
         m_manager.limit().reset_cancel();
-        if (m_exn_code == -1) 
-            throw default_exception(std::move(m_exn_msg));
-        if (m_exn_code != 0) 
-            throw z3_error(m_exn_code);
 
-        // retrieve model. The ast manager of the model is m_serialize_manager.
-        // the asts have to be translated into m_manager.
-        if (!m_models.empty()) {
-            mdl = m_models.back();
-            ast_translation tr(mdl->get_manager(), m_manager);
-            mdl = mdl->translate(tr);            
-            return l_true;
+        lbool result = m_batch_manager.get_result();
+
+        if (result == l_true)
+            mdl = m_batch_manager.get_model();
+
+        if (result == l_false) {
+            for (expr* c : m_batch_manager.get_unsat_core())
+                core.push_back(c);
         }
-        if (m_has_undef) 
-            return l_undef;
-        return l_false;
+
+        sl.reset();
+        m_workers.reset();
+        m_core_minimizer_worker = nullptr;
+        m_global_backbones_workers.reset();
+        return result;
     }
 
-    std::ostream& display(std::ostream& out) {
-        unsigned n_models, n_unsat;
-        double n_progress;
-        statistics st;
-        {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            n_models   = m_models.size();
-            n_unsat    = m_num_unsat;
-            n_progress = m_progress;
-            st.copy(m_stats);
-        }
-        st.display(out);
-        m_queue.display(out);
-        out << "(tactic.parallel :unsat " << n_unsat << " :progress " << n_progress << "% :models " << n_models << ")\n";
-        return out;
+    void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const {
+        st.copy(m_stats);
     }
 
+    std::string reason_unknown() const {
+        return m_batch_manager.get_reason_unknown();
+    }
+
+    void reset_statistics() {
+        m_stats.reset();
+    }
+};
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* parallel_tactic – wraps parallel_solver as a tactic               */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+class parallel_tactic : public tactic {
+
+    solver_ref  m_solver;
+    ast_manager& m_manager;
+    params_ref   m_params;
+    statistics   m_stats;
+
 public:
 
-    parallel_tactic(solver* s, params_ref const& p) :
-        m_solver(s),
-        m_manager(s->get_manager()),        
-        m_params(p) {
-        init();
-    }
+    parallel_tactic(solver* s, params_ref const& p)
+        : m_solver(s), m_manager(s->get_manager()), m_params(p) {}
 
     char const* name() const override { return "parallel_tactic"; }
 
-    void operator()(const goal_ref & g,goal_ref_buffer & result) override {
-        cleanup();
-        fail_if_proof_generation("parallel-tactic", g);
-        ast_manager& m = g->m();        
+    void operator()(const goal_ref& g, goal_ref_buffer& result) override {
+        fail_if_proof_generation("parallel_tactic", g);
+        ast_manager& m = g->m();
+
         if (m.has_trace_stream())
-            throw default_exception("parallel tactic does not work with trace");
+            throw default_exception(
+                "parallel_tactic does not work with trace streams");
+
+        /* Translate goal into a set of clauses + assumptions. */
         solver* s = m_solver->translate(m, m_params);
-        solver_state* st = alloc(solver_state, nullptr, s, m_params);
-        m_queue.add_task(st);
         expr_ref_vector clauses(m);
-        ptr_vector<expr> assumptions;
+        ptr_vector<expr> assumptions_raw;
         obj_map<expr, expr*> bool2dep;
         ref<generic_model_converter> fmc;
-        expr_dependency * lcore = nullptr;
-        proof* pr = nullptr;
-        extract_clauses_and_dependencies(g, clauses, assumptions, bool2dep, fmc);
-        for (expr * clause : clauses) {
-            s->assert_expr(clause);
-        }
-        st->set_assumptions(assumptions);
+        extract_clauses_and_dependencies(g, clauses, assumptions_raw, bool2dep, fmc);
+        for (expr* cl : clauses)
+            s->assert_expr(cl);
+
+        expr_ref_vector asms(m);
+        asms.append(assumptions_raw.size(), assumptions_raw.data());
+
+        parallel_solver ps(s, m_params);
+
         model_ref mdl;
-        lbool is_sat = solve(mdl);
+        expr_ref_vector core(m);
+        lbool is_sat = ps.solve(asms, mdl, core);
+
+        ps.collect_statistics(m_stats);
+
         switch (is_sat) {
-        case l_true:
+        case l_true: {
+            if (g->models_enabled() && mdl) {
+                model_converter_ref mc = model2model_converter(mdl.get());
+                mc = concat(fmc.get(), mc.get());
+                mc = concat(s->mc0(), mc.get());
+                g->add(mc.get());
+            }
             g->reset();
-            if (g->models_enabled()) {
-                g->add(concat(fmc.get(), model2model_converter(mdl.get())));
-            }
-            break;
-        case l_false: 
-            SASSERT(!g->proofs_enabled());
-            if (m_core) {
-                ast_translation tr(m_core->get_manager(), m);
-                expr_ref_vector core(tr(*m_core));
-                for (expr * c : core)                 
-                    lcore = m.mk_join(lcore, m.mk_leaf(bool2dep.find(c)));
-            }
-            g->assert_expr(m.mk_false(), pr, lcore);            
-            break;
-        case l_undef:
-            if (!m.inc()) 
-                throw tactic_exception(Z3_CANCELED_MSG);
-            if (m_has_undef)
-                throw tactic_exception(m_reason_undef.c_str());
             break;
         }
+
+        case l_false: {
+            SASSERT(!g->proofs_enabled());
+            expr_dependency* lcore = nullptr;
+            proof* pr = nullptr;
+            if (!core.empty()) {
+                for (expr* c : core) {
+                    expr* dep = nullptr;
+                    if (bool2dep.find(c, dep))
+                        lcore = m.mk_join(lcore, m.mk_leaf(dep));
+                }
+            }
+            g->assert_expr(m.mk_false(), pr, lcore);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case l_undef:
+            if (!m.inc())
+                throw tactic_exception(Z3_CANCELED_MSG);
+            {
+                std::string reason = ps.reason_unknown();
+                if (!reason.empty()) {
+                    g->set_reason_unknown(reason);
+                    IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << reason << "\n");
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
         result.push_back(g.get());
     }
 
-    unsigned conquer_batch_size() const {
-        parallel_params pp(m_params);
-        return pp.conquer_batch_size();
-    }
-
-    void cleanup() override {
-        m_queue.reset();
-        m_models.reset();
-    }
+    void cleanup() override {}
 
     tactic* translate(ast_manager& m) override {
         solver* s = m_solver->translate(m, m_params);
         return alloc(parallel_tactic, s, m_params);
     }
 
-    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) override {
+    void updt_params(params_ref const& p) override {
         m_params.copy(p);
-        parallel_params pp(p);
-        m_conquer_delay = pp.conquer_delay();
     }
 
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override {
+    void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const override {
         st.copy(m_stats);
-        st.update("par unsat", m_num_unsat);
-        st.update("par models", m_models.size());
-        st.update("par progress", m_progress);
     }
 
     void reset_statistics() override {
         m_stats.reset();
     }
-
 };
 
-
-tactic * mk_parallel_tactic(solver* s, params_ref const& p) {
+tactic* mk_parallel_tactic(solver* s, params_ref const& p) {
     return alloc(parallel_tactic, s, p);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/solver/parallel_tactical.h b/src/solver/parallel_tactical.h
index 5d21ad18d4..a09f1cf5d3 100644
--- a/src/solver/parallel_tactical.h
+++ b/src/solver/parallel_tactical.h
@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
 /*++
-Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation
+Copyright (c) 2024 Microsoft Corporation
 
 Module Name:
 
-    parallel_tactic.h
+    parallel_tactical.h
 
 Abstract:
 
-    Parallel tactic in the style of Treengeling.
+    Parallel portfolio solver using the solver API.
+    Models the internals after smt/smt_parallel.cpp but operates
+    on generic solver objects instead of smt::context.
 
 Author:
 
-    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2017-10-9
-   
+    (based on smt_parallel.cpp and parallel_tactical.cpp)
+
 --*/
 #pragma once
 
 class tactic;
 class solver;
+class params_ref;
 
 tactic * mk_parallel_tactic(solver* s, params_ref const& p);
-
diff --git a/src/solver/simplifier_solver.cpp b/src/solver/simplifier_solver.cpp
index c75d574eb8..79f5ea44e9 100644
--- a/src/solver/simplifier_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/simplifier_solver.cpp
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ public:
         return s->check_sat_core(num_assumptions, _assumptions.data()); 
     }
 
-    void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const override { 
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics& st) const override { 
         s->collect_statistics(st); 
         m_preprocess.collect_statistics(st);
     }
diff --git a/src/solver/slice_solver.cpp b/src/solver/slice_solver.cpp
index ee95cfa94b..e300d83afe 100644
--- a/src/solver/slice_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/slice_solver.cpp
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ public:
         return s->check_sat_core(num_assumptions, assumptions);
     }
 
-    void collect_statistics(statistics& st) const override { s->collect_statistics(st); }
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics& st) const override { s->collect_statistics(st); }
 
     void get_model_core(model_ref& mdl) override { s->get_model_core(mdl); }
 
diff --git a/src/solver/smt_logics.cpp b/src/solver/smt_logics.cpp
index 0942ed3fe6..b47669c6e4 100644
--- a/src/solver/smt_logics.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/smt_logics.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ Revision History:
 bool smt_logics::supported_logic(symbol const & s) {
     return logic_has_uf(s) || logic_is_all(s) || logic_has_fd(s) || 
         logic_has_arith(s) || logic_has_bv(s) ||
-        logic_has_array(s) || logic_has_seq(s) || logic_has_str(s) ||
-        logic_has_horn(s) || logic_has_fpa(s) || logic_has_datatype(s);
+        logic_has_array(s) || logic_has_seq(s) || logic_has_str(s) || logic_has_horn(s) || logic_has_fpa(s) ||
+           logic_has_datatype(s) || logic_has_finite_sets(s);
 }
 
 bool smt_logics::logic_has_reals_only(symbol const& s) {
@@ -50,10 +50,7 @@ bool smt_logics::logic_has_arith(symbol const & s) {
         str.find("IDL") != std::string::npos ||
         str.find("RDL") != std::string::npos ||
         str == "QF_BVRE" ||
-        str == "QF_FP" ||
-        str == "FP" ||
-        str == "QF_FPBV" ||
-        str == "QF_BVFP" ||
+        logic_has_fpa(s) ||
         str == "QF_S" ||
         logic_is_all(s) ||
         str == "QF_FD" ||
@@ -71,6 +68,13 @@ bool smt_logics::logic_has_bv(symbol const & s) {
         str == "HORN";
 }
 
+bool smt_logics::logic_has_finite_sets(symbol const &s) {
+    auto str = s.str();
+    return
+        str.find("FS") != std::string::npos ||
+        logic_is_all(s);
+}
+
 bool smt_logics::logic_has_array(symbol const & s) {
     auto str = s.str();
     return
@@ -95,11 +99,7 @@ bool smt_logics::logic_has_str(symbol const & s) {
 
 bool smt_logics::logic_has_fpa(symbol const & s) {
     auto str = s.str();
-    return str == "FP" ||
-           str == "QF_FP" ||
-           str == "QF_FPBV" ||
-           str == "QF_BVFP" ||
-           str == "QF_FPLRA"  ||
+    return str.find("FP") != std::string::npos ||
            logic_is_all(s);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/solver/smt_logics.h b/src/solver/smt_logics.h
index 80bebabcc9..f33ad7f17e 100644
--- a/src/solver/smt_logics.h
+++ b/src/solver/smt_logics.h
@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ class smt_logics {
 public:
     static bool supported_logic(symbol const & s);
     static bool logic_has_reals_only(symbol const& l);       
-    static bool logic_is_all(symbol const& s) { return s == "ALL"; }
+    static bool logic_is_all(symbol const& s) { return s == "ALL" || s == "HO_ALL"; }
     static bool logic_has_uf(symbol const& s);
     static bool logic_has_arith(symbol const & s);
     static bool logic_has_bv(symbol const & s);
     static bool logic_has_array(symbol const & s);
+    static bool logic_has_finite_sets(symbol const &s);
     static bool logic_has_seq(symbol const & s);
     static bool logic_has_str(symbol const & s);
     static bool logic_has_fpa(symbol const & s);
diff --git a/src/solver/solver.h b/src/solver/solver.h
index b45f4f3477..556b8b27cb 100644
--- a/src/solver/solver.h
+++ b/src/solver/solver.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "solver/check_sat_result.h"
 #include "solver/progress_callback.h"
 #include "util/params.h"
+#include "util/sat_literal.h"
 
 class solver;
 class model_converter;
@@ -58,6 +59,13 @@ class solver : public check_sat_result, public user_propagator::core {
     params_ref  m_params;
     symbol      m_cancel_backup_file;
 public:
+    struct scored_literal {
+        expr_ref lit;
+        double score = 0.0;
+        scored_literal(ast_manager& m, expr* e, double s): lit(e, m), score(s) {}
+        scored_literal(expr_ref const& e, double s): lit(e), score(s) {}
+    };
+
     solver(ast_manager& m): check_sat_result(m) {}
 
     /**
@@ -247,7 +255,9 @@ public:
        \brief extract a lookahead candidates for branching.
     */
 
-    virtual expr_ref_vector cube(expr_ref_vector& vars, unsigned backtrack_level) = 0;
+    virtual expr_ref_vector cube(expr_ref_vector& vars, unsigned backtrack_level=0) = 0;
+
+    virtual expr_ref cube_vsids(expr_ref_vector const&) { return expr_ref(m); }
 
     /**
        \brief retrieve congruence closure root.
@@ -298,9 +308,34 @@ public:
     expr_ref_vector get_non_units();
 
     virtual expr_ref_vector get_trail(unsigned max_level) = 0; // { return expr_ref_vector(get_manager()); }
+    virtual expr_ref_vector get_assigned_literals() { return get_trail(UINT_MAX); }
+    virtual unsigned get_assign_level(expr* e) const { return UINT_MAX; }
+    virtual bool is_relevant(expr* e) const { return true; }
+    virtual unsigned get_num_bool_vars() const { return UINT_MAX; }
+    virtual sat::bool_var get_bool_var(expr* e) const { return sat::null_bool_var; }
+    virtual expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var) const { return nullptr; }
+    virtual lbool get_assignment(sat::bool_var) const { return l_undef; }
+    virtual double get_activity(sat::bool_var) const { return 0.0; }
+    virtual bool was_eliminated(sat::bool_var) const { return false; }
+
+    virtual void pop_to_base_level() {}
+
+    virtual void setup_for_parallel() {}
+
+    virtual void set_preprocess(bool) {}
+
+    virtual void set_max_conflicts(unsigned max_conflicts) {
+        params_ref p;
+        p.set_uint("max_conflicts", max_conflicts);
+        updt_params(p);
+    }
+
+    virtual unsigned get_max_conflicts() const { return UINT_MAX; }
     
     virtual void get_levels(ptr_vector<expr> const& vars, unsigned_vector& depth) = 0;
 
+    virtual void get_backbone_candidates(vector<scored_literal>&, unsigned) {}
+
     class scoped_push {
         solver& s;
         bool    m_nopop;
@@ -328,4 +363,3 @@ typedef ref<solver> solver_ref;
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, solver const& s) {
     return s.display(out);
 }
-
diff --git a/src/solver/solver_pool.cpp b/src/solver/solver_pool.cpp
index c98a2b57ac..3cf97ce3b8 100644
--- a/src/solver/solver_pool.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/solver_pool.cpp
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public:
     void pop_params() override {m_base->pop_params();}
     
     void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override { m_base->collect_param_descrs(r); }
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override { m_base->collect_statistics(st); }
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override { m_base->collect_statistics(st); }
     unsigned get_num_assertions() const override { return m_base->get_num_assertions(); }
     expr * get_assertion(unsigned idx) const override { return m_base->get_assertion(idx); }
 
diff --git a/src/solver/tactic2solver.cpp b/src/solver/tactic2solver.cpp
index 7fd5fec565..1ed4d995e2 100644
--- a/src/solver/tactic2solver.cpp
+++ b/src/solver/tactic2solver.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class tactic2solver : public solver_na2as {
     bool                         m_produce_models;
     bool                         m_produce_proofs;
     bool                         m_produce_unsat_cores;
-    statistics                   m_stats;
+//    statistics                   m_stats;
     bool                         m_minimizing = false;
     
 public:
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public:
     void pop_core(unsigned n) override;
     lbool check_sat_core2(unsigned num_assumptions, expr * const * assumptions) override;
 
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override;
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override;
     void get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector & r) override;
     void get_model_core(model_ref & m) override;
     proof * get_proof_core() override;
@@ -284,8 +284,9 @@ lbool tactic2solver::check_sat_core2(unsigned num_assumptions, expr * const * as
         m_result->m_unknown = ex.what();
         m_result->m_proof = pr;
     }
-    m_tactic->collect_statistics(m_result->m_stats);
-    m_tactic->collect_statistics(m_stats);
+    statistics stats;
+    m_tactic->collect_statistics(stats);
+    m_result->add_statistics(stats);
     m_result->m_model = md;
     m_result->m_proof = pr;
     if (m_produce_unsat_cores) {
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ solver* tactic2solver::translate(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) {
 }
 
 
-void tactic2solver::collect_statistics(statistics & st) const {    
+void tactic2solver::collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const {    
     st.copy(m_stats);
     if (m_stats.size() == 0 && m_tactic)
         m_tactic->collect_statistics(st);
diff --git a/src/tactic/arith/CMakeLists.txt b/src/tactic/arith/CMakeLists.txt
index 4eabef4a6c..611e373b0a 100644
--- a/src/tactic/arith/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/tactic/arith/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ z3_add_component(arith_tactics
     degree_shift_tactic.cpp
     diff_neq_tactic.cpp
     eq2bv_tactic.cpp
-    factor_tactic.cpp
     fix_dl_var_tactic.cpp
     fm_tactic.cpp
     lia2card_tactic.cpp
diff --git a/src/tactic/arith/factor_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/arith/factor_tactic.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4416517ffc..0000000000
--- a/src/tactic/arith/factor_tactic.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,337 +0,0 @@
-/*++
-Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
-
-Module Name:
-
-    factor_tactic.cpp
-
-Abstract:
-
-    Polynomial factorization tactic.
-
-Author:
-
-    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-02-03
-
-Revision History:
-
---*/
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
-#include "ast/expr2polynomial.h"
-#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
-
-class factor_tactic : public tactic {
-
-    struct rw_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
-        ast_manager &               m;
-        arith_util                  m_util;
-        unsynch_mpq_manager         m_qm;
-        polynomial::manager         m_pm;
-        default_expr2polynomial     m_expr2poly;
-        polynomial::factor_params   m_fparams;
-        bool                        m_split_factors;
-
-        rw_cfg(ast_manager & _m, params_ref const & p):
-            m(_m),
-            m_util(_m),
-            m_pm(m.limit(), m_qm),
-            m_expr2poly(m, m_pm) {
-            updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-        void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
-            m_split_factors = p.get_bool("split_factors", true);
-            m_fparams.updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-        expr * mk_mul(unsigned sz, expr * const * args) {
-            SASSERT(sz > 0);
-            if (sz == 1)
-                return args[0];
-            return m_util.mk_mul(sz, args);
-        }
-
-        expr * mk_zero_for(expr * arg) {
-            return m_util.mk_numeral(rational(0), m_util.is_int(arg));
-        }
-
-        // p1^k1 * p2^k2 = 0 --> p1*p2 = 0
-        void mk_eq(polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref & result) {
-            expr_ref_buffer args(m);
-            expr_ref arg(m);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
-                m_expr2poly.to_expr(fs[i], true, arg);
-                args.push_back(arg);
-            }
-            result = m.mk_eq(mk_mul(args.size(), args.data()), mk_zero_for(arg));
-        }
-
-        // p1^k1 * p2^k2 = 0 --> p1 = 0 or p2 = 0
-        void mk_split_eq(polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref & result) {
-            expr_ref_buffer args(m);
-            expr_ref arg(m);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
-                m_expr2poly.to_expr(fs[i], true, arg);
-                args.push_back(m.mk_eq(arg, mk_zero_for(arg)));
-            }
-            if (args.size() == 1)
-                result = args[0];
-            else
-                result = m.mk_or(args);
-        }
-
-        decl_kind flip(decl_kind k) {
-            SASSERT(k == OP_LT || k == OP_GT || k == OP_LE || k == OP_GE);
-            switch (k) {
-            case OP_LT: return OP_GT;
-            case OP_LE: return OP_GE;
-            case OP_GT: return OP_LT;
-            case OP_GE: return OP_LE;
-            default:
-                UNREACHABLE();
-                return k;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // p1^{2*k1} * p2^{2*k2 + 1} >=< 0
-        // -->
-        // (p1^2)*p2 >=<0
-        void mk_comp(decl_kind k, polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref & result) {
-            SASSERT(k == OP_LT || k == OP_GT || k == OP_LE || k == OP_GE);
-            expr_ref_buffer args(m);
-            expr_ref arg(m);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
-                m_expr2poly.to_expr(fs[i], true, arg);
-                if (fs.get_degree(i) % 2 == 0)
-                    arg = m_util.mk_power(arg, m_util.mk_numeral(rational(2), m_util.is_int(arg)));
-                args.push_back(arg);
-            }
-            expr * lhs = mk_mul(args.size(), args.data());
-            result = m.mk_app(m_util.get_family_id(), k, lhs, mk_zero_for(lhs));
-        }
-
-        // See mk_split_strict_comp and mk_split_nonstrict_comp
-        void split_even_odd(bool strict, polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref_buffer & even_eqs, expr_ref_buffer & odd_factors) {
-            expr_ref arg(m);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
-                m_expr2poly.to_expr(fs[i], true, arg);
-                if (fs.get_degree(i) % 2 == 0) {
-                    expr * eq = m.mk_eq(arg, mk_zero_for(arg));
-                    if (strict)
-                        even_eqs.push_back(m.mk_not(eq));
-                    else
-                        even_eqs.push_back(eq);
-                }
-                else {
-                    odd_factors.push_back(arg);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Strict case
-        // p1^{2*k1} * p2^{2*k2 + 1} >< 0
-        // -->
-        // p1 != 0 and p2 >< 0
-        //
-        // Nonstrict
-        // p1^{2*k1} * p2^{2*k2 + 1} >=< 0
-        // -->
-        // p1 = 0 or p2 >=< 0
-        //
-        void mk_split_comp(decl_kind k, polynomial::factors const & fs, expr_ref & result) {
-            SASSERT(k == OP_LT || k == OP_GT || k == OP_LE || k == OP_GE);
-            bool strict = (k == OP_LT) || (k == OP_GT);
-            expr_ref_buffer args(m);
-            expr_ref_buffer odd_factors(m);
-            split_even_odd(strict, fs, args, odd_factors);
-            if (odd_factors.empty()) {
-                if (k == OP_LT) {
-                    result = m.mk_false();
-                    return;
-                }
-                if (k == OP_GE) {
-                    result = m.mk_true();
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                args.push_back(m.mk_app(m_util.get_family_id(), k, mk_mul(odd_factors.size(), odd_factors.data()), mk_zero_for(odd_factors[0])));
-            }
-            SASSERT(!args.empty());
-            if (args.size() == 1)
-                result = args[0];
-            else if (strict)
-                result = m.mk_and(args);
-            else
-                result = m.mk_or(args);
-        }
-
-        br_status factor(func_decl * f, expr * lhs, expr * rhs, expr_ref & result) {
-            polynomial_ref p1(m_pm);
-            polynomial_ref p2(m_pm);
-            scoped_mpz d1(m_qm);
-            scoped_mpz d2(m_qm);
-            m_expr2poly.to_polynomial(lhs, p1, d1);
-            m_expr2poly.to_polynomial(rhs, p2, d2);
-            TRACE(factor_tactic_bug,
-                  tout << "lhs: " << mk_ismt2_pp(lhs, m) << "\n";
-                  tout << "p1:  " << p1 << "\n";
-                  tout << "d1:  " << d1 << "\n";
-                  tout << "rhs: " << mk_ismt2_pp(rhs, m) << "\n";
-                  tout << "p2:  " << p2 << "\n";
-                  tout << "d2:  " << d2 << "\n";);
-            scoped_mpz lcm(m_qm);
-            m_qm.lcm(d1, d2, lcm);
-            m_qm.div(lcm, d1, d1);
-            m_qm.div(lcm, d2, d2);
-            m_qm.neg(d2);
-            polynomial_ref p(m_pm);
-            p = m_pm.addmul(d1, m_pm.mk_unit(), p1, d2, m_pm.mk_unit(), p2);
-            if (is_const(p))
-                return BR_FAILED;
-            polynomial::factors fs(m_pm);
-            TRACE(factor_tactic_bug, tout << "p: " << p << "\n";);
-            m_pm.factor(p, fs, m_fparams);
-            SASSERT(fs.distinct_factors() > 0);
-            TRACE(factor_tactic_bug, tout << "factors:\n"; fs.display(tout); tout << "\n";);
-            if (fs.distinct_factors() == 1 && fs.get_degree(0) == 1)
-                return BR_FAILED;
-            if (m.is_eq(f)) {
-                if (m_split_factors)
-                    mk_split_eq(fs, result);
-                else
-                    mk_eq(fs, result);
-            }
-            else {
-                decl_kind k = f->get_decl_kind();
-                if (m_qm.is_neg(fs.get_constant()))
-                    k = flip(k);
-
-                if (m_split_factors)
-                    mk_split_comp(k, fs, result);
-                else
-                    mk_comp(k, fs, result);
-            }
-            return BR_DONE;
-        }
-
-        br_status reduce_app(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result, proof_ref & result_pr) {
-            if (num != 2)
-                return BR_FAILED;
-            if (m.is_eq(f) && (m_util.is_arith_expr(args[0]) || m_util.is_arith_expr(args[1])) && (!m.is_bool(args[0])))
-                return factor(f, args[0], args[1], result);
-            if (f->get_family_id() != m_util.get_family_id())
-                return BR_FAILED;
-            switch (f->get_decl_kind()) {
-            case OP_LT:
-            case OP_GT:
-            case OP_LE:
-            case OP_GE:
-                return factor(f, args[0], args[1], result);
-            }
-            return BR_FAILED;
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct rw : public rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg> {
-        rw_cfg m_cfg;
-
-        rw(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-            rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg>(m, m.proofs_enabled(), m_cfg),
-            m_cfg(m, p) {
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct imp {
-        ast_manager & m;
-        rw            m_rw;
-
-        imp(ast_manager & _m, params_ref const & p):
-            m(_m),
-            m_rw(m, p) {
-        }
-
-
-        void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
-            m_rw.cfg().updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-        void operator()(goal_ref const & g,
-                        goal_ref_buffer & result) {
-            tactic_report report("factor", *g);
-            bool produce_proofs = g->proofs_enabled();
-
-            expr_ref   new_curr(m);
-            proof_ref  new_pr(m);
-            unsigned   size = g->size();
-            for (unsigned idx = 0; !g->inconsistent() && idx < size; ++idx) {
-                expr * curr = g->form(idx);
-                m_rw(curr, new_curr, new_pr);
-                if (produce_proofs) {
-                    proof * pr = g->pr(idx);
-                    new_pr     = m.mk_modus_ponens(pr, new_pr);
-                }
-                g->update(idx, new_curr, new_pr, g->dep(idx));
-            }
-            g->inc_depth();
-            result.push_back(g.get());
-        }
-    };
-
-    imp *      m_imp;
-    params_ref m_params;
-public:
-    factor_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-        m_params(p) {
-        m_imp = alloc(imp, m, p);
-    }
-
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override {
-        return alloc(factor_tactic, m, m_params);
-    }
-
-    ~factor_tactic() override {
-        dealloc(m_imp);
-    }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "factor"; }
-
-    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) override {
-        m_params.append(p);
-        m_imp->m_rw.cfg().updt_params(m_params);
-    }
-
-    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override {
-        r.insert("split_factors", CPK_BOOL,
-                 "apply simplifications such as (= (* p1 p2) 0) --> (or (= p1 0) (= p2 0)).", "true");
-        polynomial::factor_params::get_param_descrs(r);
-    }
-
-    void operator()(goal_ref const & in,
-                    goal_ref_buffer & result) override {
-        try {
-            (*m_imp)(in, result);
-        }
-        catch (z3_error & ex) {
-            throw ex;
-        }
-        catch (z3_exception & ex) {
-            throw tactic_exception(ex.what());
-        }
-    }
-
-    void cleanup() override {
-        imp * d = alloc(imp, m_imp->m, m_params);
-        std::swap(d, m_imp);        
-        dealloc(d);
-    }
-
-
-};
-
-tactic * mk_factor_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
-    return clean(alloc(factor_tactic, m, p));
-}
-
-
-
diff --git a/src/tactic/arith/factor_tactic.h b/src/tactic/arith/factor_tactic.h
index 7be5c5df66..4f884dafa5 100644
--- a/src/tactic/arith/factor_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/arith/factor_tactic.h
@@ -33,10 +33,16 @@ Factor polynomials in equalities and inequalities.
 #pragma once
 
 #include "util/params.h"
-class ast_manager;
-class tactic;
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/factor_simplifier.h"
+
+inline tactic * mk_factor_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+                 [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* { return alloc(factor_simplifier, m, p, s); });
+}
 
-tactic * mk_factor_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref());
 /*
   ADD_TACTIC("factor", "polynomial factorization.", "mk_factor_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("factor", "polynomial factorization.", "mk_factor_simplifier(m, p, s)")
 */
diff --git a/src/tactic/arith/lia2card_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/arith/lia2card_tactic.cpp
index 17d8de9080..b454573494 100644
--- a/src/tactic/arith/lia2card_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/arith/lia2card_tactic.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
 #include "ast/pb_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/recfun_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/expr_safe_replace.h"
 #include "ast/ast_util.h"
@@ -185,6 +186,10 @@ public:
         expr_safe_replace rep(m);
 
         tactic_report report("lia2card", *g);
+        if (recfun::util(m).has_rec_defs()) {
+            result.push_back(g.get());
+            return;
+        }
 
         bound_manager bounds(m);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < g->size(); ++i)
diff --git a/src/tactic/bv/CMakeLists.txt b/src/tactic/bv/CMakeLists.txt
index 9009e6fa5e..8f7c74a48f 100644
--- a/src/tactic/bv/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/tactic/bv/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ z3_add_component(bv_tactics
     bit_blaster_tactic.cpp
     bv1_blaster_tactic.cpp
     bvarray2uf_rewriter.cpp
-    bvarray2uf_tactic.cpp
     bv_bound_chk_tactic.cpp
     bv_bounds_tactic.cpp
     bv_size_reduction_tactic.cpp
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ z3_add_component(bv_tactics
     bv1_blaster_tactic.h
     bv_bound_chk_tactic.h
     bv_bounds_tactic.h
+    bv_divrem_bounds_tactic.h
     bv_size_reduction_tactic.h
     bv_slice_tactic.h
     bvarray2uf_tactic.h
diff --git a/src/tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.cpp
index 264a01a1ad..47bec0e7f9 100644
--- a/src/tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,7 @@ Module Name:
 
 Abstract:
 
-    Rewriter for "blasting" bit-vectors of size n into bit-vectors of size 1.
-    This rewriter only supports concat and extract operators.
-    This transformation is useful for handling benchmarks that contain
-    many BV equalities. 
-
-    Remark: other operators can be mapped into concat/extract by using
-    the simplifiers.
+    Probe for checking if a goal is in the QF_BV fragment that uses only =, extract, and concat.
 
 Author:
 
@@ -22,469 +16,50 @@ Author:
 Notes:
 
 --*/
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
-#include "tactic/bv/bit_blaster_model_converter.h"
+#include "tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
 #include "ast/bv_decl_plugin.h"
-#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
 #include "ast/for_each_expr.h"
-#include "ast/ast_util.h"
-#include "ast/rewriter/bv_rewriter.h"
-
-class bv1_blaster_tactic : public tactic {
-
-    struct rw_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
-        ast_manager &                      m_manager;
-        bv_util                            m_util;
-        obj_map<func_decl, expr*>          m_const2bits;
-        ptr_vector<func_decl>              m_newbits;
-        ast_ref_vector                     m_saved;
-        expr_ref                           m_bit1;
-        expr_ref                           m_bit0;
-
-        unsigned long long                 m_max_memory; // in bytes
-        unsigned                           m_max_steps;
-        bool                               m_produce_models;
-
-        ast_manager & m() const { return m_manager; }
-        bv_util & butil() { return m_util; }
-        bv_util const & butil() const { return m_util; }
-        
-        void cleanup_buffers() {
-            m_saved.finalize();
-        }
-        
-        rw_cfg(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-            m_manager(m),
-            m_util(m),
-            m_saved(m),
-            m_bit1(m),
-            m_bit0(m) {
-            m_bit1 = butil().mk_numeral(rational(1), 1);
-            m_bit0 = butil().mk_numeral(rational(0), 1);
-            updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-        void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
-            m_max_memory     = megabytes_to_bytes(p.get_uint("max_memory", UINT_MAX));
-            m_max_steps      = p.get_uint("max_steps", UINT_MAX);
-            m_produce_models = p.get_bool("produce_models", false);
-        }
-        
-        bool rewrite_patterns() const { UNREACHABLE(); return false; }
-        
-        bool max_steps_exceeded(unsigned num_steps) const { 
-            if (memory::get_allocation_size() > m_max_memory)
-                throw tactic_exception(TACTIC_MAX_MEMORY_MSG);
-            return num_steps > m_max_steps;
-        }
-        
-        typedef ptr_buffer<expr, 128> bit_buffer;
-
-        void get_bits(expr * arg, bit_buffer & bits) {
-            SASSERT(butil().is_concat(arg) || butil().get_bv_size(arg) == 1);
-            if (butil().is_concat(arg))
-                bits.append(to_app(arg)->get_num_args(), to_app(arg)->get_args());
-            else
-                bits.push_back(arg);
-        }
-        
-        void mk_const(func_decl * f, expr_ref & result) {
-            SASSERT(f->get_family_id() == null_family_id);
-            SASSERT(f->get_arity() == 0);
-            expr * r;
-            if (m_const2bits.find(f, r)) {
-                result = r;
-                return;
-            }
-            sort * s = f->get_range();
-            SASSERT(butil().is_bv_sort(s));
-            unsigned bv_size = butil().get_bv_size(s);
-            if (bv_size == 1) {
-                result = m().mk_const(f);
-                return;
-            }
-            sort * b = butil().mk_sort(1);
-            ptr_buffer<expr> bits;
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < bv_size; ++i) {
-                bits.push_back(m().mk_fresh_const(nullptr, b));
-                m_newbits.push_back(to_app(bits.back())->get_decl());
-                m_saved.push_back(m_newbits.back());
-            }
-            r = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
-            m_saved.push_back(r);
-            m_saved.push_back(f);
-            m_const2bits.insert(f, r);
-            result = r;
-        }
-        
-        void blast_bv_term(expr * t, expr_ref & result) {
-            bit_buffer bits;
-            unsigned bv_size = butil().get_bv_size(t);
-            if (bv_size == 1) {
-                result = t;
-                return;
-            } 
-            unsigned i = bv_size;
-            while (i > 0) {
-                --i;
-                bits.push_back(butil().mk_extract(i, i, t));
-            }
-            result = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
-        }
-        
-        void reduce_eq(expr * arg1, expr * arg2, expr_ref & result) {
-            bit_buffer bits1;
-            bit_buffer bits2;
-            get_bits(arg1, bits1);
-            get_bits(arg2, bits2);
-            SASSERT(bits1.size() == bits2.size());
-            bit_buffer new_eqs;
-            unsigned i = bits1.size();
-            while (i > 0) {
-                --i;
-                new_eqs.push_back(m().mk_eq(bits1[i], bits2[i]));
-            }
-            result = mk_and(m(), new_eqs.size(), new_eqs.data());
-        }
-        
-        void reduce_ite(expr * c, expr * t, expr * e, expr_ref & result) {
-            bit_buffer t_bits;
-            bit_buffer e_bits;
-            get_bits(t, t_bits);
-            get_bits(e, e_bits);
-            SASSERT(t_bits.size() == e_bits.size());
-            bit_buffer new_ites;
-            unsigned num = t_bits.size();
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i)             
-                new_ites.push_back(t_bits[i] == e_bits[i] ? t_bits[i] : m().mk_ite(c, t_bits[i], e_bits[i]));
-            result = butil().mk_concat(new_ites.size(), new_ites.data());
-        }
-        
-        void reduce_num(func_decl * f, expr_ref & result) {
-            SASSERT(f->get_num_parameters() == 2);
-            SASSERT(f->get_parameter(0).is_rational());
-            SASSERT(f->get_parameter(1).is_int());
-            bit_buffer bits;
-            rational v  = f->get_parameter(0).get_rational();
-            rational two(2);
-            unsigned sz = f->get_parameter(1).get_int();
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
-                if ((v % two).is_zero())
-                    bits.push_back(m_bit0);
-                else
-                    bits.push_back(m_bit1);
-                v = div(v, two);
-            }
-            std::reverse(bits.begin(), bits.end());
-            result = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
-        }
-        
-        void reduce_extract(func_decl * f, expr * arg, expr_ref & result) {
-            bit_buffer arg_bits;
-            get_bits(arg, arg_bits);
-            SASSERT(arg_bits.size() == butil().get_bv_size(arg));
-            unsigned high  = butil().get_extract_high(f);
-            unsigned low   = butil().get_extract_low(f);
-            unsigned sz    = arg_bits.size();
-            unsigned start = sz - 1 - high;
-            unsigned end   = sz - 1 - low;
-            bit_buffer bits;
-            for (unsigned i = start; i <= end; ++i) {
-                bits.push_back(arg_bits[i]);
-            }
-            result = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
-        }
-        
-        void reduce_concat(unsigned num, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result) {
-            bit_buffer bits;
-            bit_buffer arg_bits;
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
-                expr * arg = args[i];
-                arg_bits.reset();
-                get_bits(arg, arg_bits);
-                bits.append(arg_bits.size(), arg_bits.data());
-            }
-            result = butil().mk_concat(bits.size(), bits.data());
-        }
-
-        void reduce_bin_xor(expr * arg1, expr * arg2, expr_ref & result) {
-            bit_buffer bits1;
-            bit_buffer bits2;
-            get_bits(arg1, bits1);
-            get_bits(arg2, bits2);
-            SASSERT(bits1.size() == bits2.size());
-            bit_buffer new_bits;
-            unsigned num = bits1.size();
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
-                new_bits.push_back(m().mk_ite(m().mk_eq(bits1[i], bits2[i]), m_bit0, m_bit1));
-            }
-            result = butil().mk_concat(new_bits.size(), new_bits.data());
-        }
-
-        void reduce_xor(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result) {
-            SASSERT(num_args > 0);
-#if 1
-            if (num_args == 1) {
-                result = args[0];
-                return;
-            }
-            reduce_bin_xor(args[0], args[1], result);
-            for (unsigned i = 2; i < num_args; ++i) {
-                reduce_bin_xor(result, args[i], result);
-            }
-#else
-            ptr_buffer<bit_buffer> args_bits;
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
-                bit_buffer * buff_i = alloc(bit_buffer);
-                get_bits(args[i], *buff_i);
-                args_bits.push_back(buff_i);
-            }
-            bit_buffer new_bits;
-            unsigned sz = butil().get_bv_size(args[0]);
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
-                ptr_buffer<expr> eqs;
-                for (unsigned j = 0; j < num_args; ++j) {
-                    bit_buffer * buff_j = args_bits[j];
-                    eqs.push_back(m().mk_eq(buff_j->get(i), m_bit1));
-                }
-                expr * cond = m().mk_xor(eqs.size(), eqs.c_ptr());
-                new_bits.push_back(m().mk_ite(cond, m_bit1, m_bit0));
-            }
-            result = butil().mk_concat(new_bits.size(), new_bits.c_ptr());
-            std::for_each(args_bits.begin(), args_bits.end(), delete_proc<bit_buffer>());
-#endif
-        }
-        
-        br_status reduce_app(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result, proof_ref & result_pr) {
-            result_pr = nullptr;
-            if (num == 0 && f->get_family_id() == null_family_id && butil().is_bv_sort(f->get_range())) {
-                mk_const(f, result);
-                return BR_DONE;
-            }
-            
-            if (m().is_eq(f)) {
-                SASSERT(num == 2);
-                if (butil().is_bv(args[0])) {
-                    reduce_eq(args[0], args[1], result);
-                    return BR_DONE;
-                }
-                return BR_FAILED;
-            }
-            
-            if (m().is_ite(f)) {
-                SASSERT(num == 3);
-                if (butil().is_bv(args[1])) {
-                    reduce_ite(args[0], args[1], args[2], result);
-                    return BR_DONE;
-                }
-                return BR_FAILED;
-            }
-            
-            if (f->get_family_id() == butil().get_family_id()) {
-                switch (f->get_decl_kind()) {
-                case OP_BV_NUM:
-                    reduce_num(f, result);
-                    return BR_DONE;
-                case OP_EXTRACT:
-                    SASSERT(num == 1);
-                    reduce_extract(f, args[0], result);
-                    return BR_DONE;
-                case OP_CONCAT:
-                    reduce_concat(num, args, result);
-                    return BR_DONE;
-                case OP_BXOR:
-                    reduce_xor(num, args, result);
-                    return BR_DONE;
-                default:
-                    UNREACHABLE();
-                    return BR_FAILED;
-                }
-            }
-            
-            if (butil().is_bv_sort(f->get_range())) {
-                blast_bv_term(m().mk_app(f, num, args), result);
-                return BR_DONE;
-            }
-            
-            return BR_FAILED;
-        }
-        
-        bool reduce_quantifier(quantifier * old_q, 
-                               expr * new_body, 
-                               expr * const * new_patterns, 
-                               expr * const * new_no_patterns,
-                               expr_ref & result,
-                               proof_ref & result_pr) {
-            UNREACHABLE();
-            return false;
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct rw : public rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg> {
-        rw_cfg m_cfg;
-
-        rw(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-            rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg>(m, m.proofs_enabled(), m_cfg),
-            m_cfg(m, p) {
-        }
-    };
-
-
-    struct imp {
-        rw                m_rw;
-        unsigned          m_num_steps;
-        
-        imp(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-            m_rw(m, p) {
-        }
-
-        struct not_target : public std::exception {};
-        
-        struct visitor {
-            family_id m_bv_fid;
-            visitor(family_id bv_fid):m_bv_fid(bv_fid) {}
-            void operator()(var const * n) { throw not_target(); }
-            void operator()(app const * n) { 
-                if (n->get_family_id() == m_bv_fid) {
-                    switch (n->get_decl_kind()) {
-                    case OP_BV_NUM:
-                    case OP_EXTRACT:
-                    case OP_CONCAT:
-                        return;
-                    case OP_BXOR:
-                        // it doesn't payoff to do the reduction in this case.
-                        throw not_target();
-                    default:
-                        throw not_target();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            void operator()(quantifier const * n) { throw not_target(); }
-        };
-        
-        bool is_target(goal const & g) const {
-            expr_fast_mark1 visited;
-            unsigned sz = g.size();
-            visitor proc(m_rw.cfg().butil().get_family_id());
-            try {
-                for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
-                    expr * f = g.form(i);
-                    for_each_expr_core<visitor, expr_fast_mark1, false, true>(proc, visited, f);
-                }
-            }
-            catch (const not_target &) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-        
-        ast_manager & m() const { return m_rw.m(); }
-        
-        
-        void operator()(goal_ref const & g, 
-                        goal_ref_buffer & result) {
-            
-            if (!is_target(*g))
-                throw tactic_exception("bv1 blaster cannot be applied to goal");
-            
-            tactic_report report("bv1-blaster", *g);
-            m_num_steps = 0;
-            
-            bool proofs_enabled = g->proofs_enabled();
-            expr_ref   new_curr(m());
-            proof_ref  new_pr(m());
-            unsigned   size = g->size();
-            for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < size; ++idx) {
-                if (g->inconsistent())
-                    break;
-                expr * curr = g->form(idx);
-                m_rw(curr, new_curr, new_pr);
-                m_num_steps += m_rw.get_num_steps();
-                if (proofs_enabled) {
-                    proof * pr = g->pr(idx);
-                    new_pr     = m().mk_modus_ponens(pr, new_pr);
-                }
-                g->update(idx, new_curr, new_pr, g->dep(idx));
-            }
-            
-            if (g->models_enabled())
-                g->add(mk_bv1_blaster_model_converter(m(), m_rw.cfg().m_const2bits, m_rw.cfg().m_newbits));
-            g->inc_depth();
-            result.push_back(g.get());
-            m_rw.cfg().cleanup();
-        }
-        
-        unsigned get_num_steps() const { return m_num_steps; }
-    };
-
-    imp *      m_imp;
-    params_ref m_params;
-public:
-    bv1_blaster_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()):
-        m_params(p) {
-        m_imp = alloc(imp, m, p);
-    }
-
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override {
-        return alloc(bv1_blaster_tactic, m, m_params);
-    }
-
-    ~bv1_blaster_tactic() override {
-        dealloc(m_imp);
-    }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "bv1_blaster"; }
-
-    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) override {
-        m_params.append(p);
-        m_imp->m_rw.cfg().updt_params(m_params);
-    }
-
-    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override {
-        insert_max_memory(r);
-        insert_max_steps(r);
-    }
-
-    bool is_target(goal const & g) const {
-        return m_imp->is_target(g);
-    }
-    
-    /**
-       \brief "Blast" bit-vectors of size n in s into bit-vectors of size 1.
-       If s contains other bit-vectors operators different from concat/extract, then this is method is a NO-OP.
-       It also does not support quantifiers.
-       Return a model_converter that converts any model for the updated set into a model for the old set.
-    */
-    void operator()(goal_ref const & g, 
-                    goal_ref_buffer & result) override {
-        (*m_imp)(g, result);
-    }
-    
-    void cleanup() override {
-        imp * d = alloc(imp, m_imp->m(), m_params);
-        std::swap(d, m_imp);        
-        dealloc(d);
-    }
-    
-    unsigned get_num_steps() const {
-        return m_imp->get_num_steps();
-    }
-    
-};
-
-tactic * mk_bv1_blaster_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
-    return clean(alloc(bv1_blaster_tactic, m, p));
-}
 
 class is_qfbv_eq_probe : public probe {
-public:
-    result operator()(goal const & g) override {
-        bv1_blaster_tactic t(g.m());
-        return t.is_target(g);
+    struct not_target : public std::exception {};
 
+    struct visitor {
+        family_id m_bv_fid;
+        visitor(family_id bv_fid) : m_bv_fid(bv_fid) {}
+        void operator()(var const* n) { throw not_target(); }
+        void operator()(app const* n) {
+            if (n->get_family_id() == m_bv_fid) {
+                switch (n->get_decl_kind()) {
+                case OP_BV_NUM:
+                case OP_EXTRACT:
+                case OP_CONCAT:
+                    return;
+                default:
+                    throw not_target();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        void operator()(quantifier const* n) { throw not_target(); }
+    };
+
+public:
+    result operator()(goal const& g) override {
+        bv_util util(g.m());
+        expr_fast_mark1 visited;
+        visitor proc(util.get_family_id());
+        try {
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < g.size(); ++i)
+                for_each_expr_core<visitor, expr_fast_mark1, false, true>(proc, visited, g.form(i));
+        }
+        catch (const not_target&) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 };
 
-probe * mk_is_qfbv_eq_probe() {
+probe* mk_is_qfbv_eq_probe() {
     return alloc(is_qfbv_eq_probe);
 }
+
diff --git a/src/tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.h b/src/tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.h
index 9cc7f90d53..17833fbf33 100644
--- a/src/tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.h
@@ -41,12 +41,22 @@ the simplifiers.
 #pragma once
 
 #include "util/params.h"
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/probe.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/bv1_blaster.h"
 class ast_manager;
 class tactic;
 
-tactic * mk_bv1_blaster_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref());
+inline tactic * mk_bv1_blaster_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+        [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* {
+            return alloc(bv1_blaster_simplifier, m, p, s);
+        });
+}
+
 probe * mk_is_qfbv_eq_probe();
 /*
   ADD_TACTIC("bv1-blast", "reduce bit-vector expressions into bit-vectors of size 1 (notes: only equality, extract and concat are supported).", "mk_bv1_blaster_tactic(m, p)")
   ADD_PROBE("is-qfbv-eq", "true if the goal is in a fragment of QF_BV which uses only =, extract, concat.", "mk_is_qfbv_eq_probe()")
 */
+
diff --git a/src/tactic/bv/bv_bound_chk_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/bv/bv_bound_chk_tactic.cpp
index 4835eacd9c..e5c20462de 100644
--- a/src/tactic/bv/bv_bound_chk_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/bv/bv_bound_chk_tactic.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ struct bv_bound_chk_stats {
     unsigned            m_unsats;
     unsigned            m_singletons;
     unsigned            m_reduces;
-    bv_bound_chk_stats() : m_unsats(0), m_singletons(0), m_reduces(0) {};
+    bv_bound_chk_stats() : m_unsats(0), m_singletons(0), m_reduces(0) {}
 };
 
 struct bv_bound_chk_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
diff --git a/src/tactic/bv/bv_divrem_bounds_tactic.h b/src/tactic/bv/bv_divrem_bounds_tactic.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c6f9e77a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tactic/bv/bv_divrem_bounds_tactic.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    bv_divrem_bounds_tactic.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Tactic wrapper around the bv::divrem_bounds simplifier. It adds range
+    lemmas for bit-vector division and remainder terms with a non-constant
+    divisor. See ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.h for details.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner)
+
+Tactic Documentation
+
+## Tactic bv-divrem-bounds
+
+### Short Description
+
+Add range lemmas for bit-vector division/remainder terms with a symbolic divisor.
+
+### Long Description
+
+For a divisor `b` that is not a numeral, the remainder magnitude is bounded by
+the divisor magnitude and the unsigned quotient is bounded by the dividend.
+These facts are hidden once a division circuit is bit-blasted, so the tactic
+emits them as implied lemmas up front, letting a downstream SAT solver reason
+about magnitudes without unfolding the circuit.
+
+### Example
+
+```z3
+(declare-const a (_ BitVec 8))
+(declare-const b (_ BitVec 8))
+(declare-const c (_ BitVec 8))
+(assert (= (bvsrem a (bvadd b c)) #x05))
+(apply bv-divrem-bounds)
+```
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "util/params.h"
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/bv_divrem_bounds.h"
+
+class ast_manager;
+class tactic;
+
+inline tactic* mk_bv_divrem_bounds_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+                 [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* { return alloc(bv::divrem_bounds, m, s); });
+}
+
+/*
+  ADD_TACTIC("bv-divrem-bounds", "add range lemmas for bit-vector division/remainder terms with a symbolic divisor.", "mk_bv_divrem_bounds_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("bv-divrem-bounds", "add range lemmas for bit-vector division/remainder terms with a symbolic divisor.", "alloc(bv::divrem_bounds, m, s)")
+*/
diff --git a/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_simplifier.h b/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_simplifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df837bc5c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_simplifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    bvarray2uf_simplifier.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Simplifier that rewrites bit-vector arrays into bit-vector
+    (uninterpreted) functions.
+
+Author:
+
+    Christoph (cwinter) 2015-11-04
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+#include "ast/converters/generic_model_converter.h"
+#include "tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_rewriter.h"
+
+class bvarray2uf_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+    bvarray2uf_rewriter         m_rw;
+    generic_model_converter_ref m_fmc;
+
+public:
+    bvarray2uf_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& fmls)
+        : dependent_expr_simplifier(m, fmls),
+          m_rw(m, p),
+          m_fmc(alloc(generic_model_converter, m, "bvarray2uf")) {
+        m_rw.set_mcs(m_fmc.get());
+    }
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "bvarray2uf"; }
+
+    // bvarray2uf_rewriter does not support proofs
+    bool supports_proofs() const override { return false; }
+
+    void reduce() override {
+        m_rw.reset();
+        m_fmc = alloc(generic_model_converter, m, "bvarray2uf");
+        m_rw.set_mcs(m_fmc.get());
+
+        expr_ref  new_curr(m);
+        proof_ref new_pr(m);
+        for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+            auto const& d = m_fmls[idx];
+            m_rw(d.fml(), new_curr, new_pr);
+            m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_curr, nullptr, d.dep()));
+        }
+
+        // Add extra assertions generated by the rewriter (e.g., injectivity lemmas)
+        for (expr* a : m_rw.m_cfg.extra_assertions)
+            m_fmls.add(dependent_expr(m, a, nullptr, nullptr));
+
+        // Register model converter entries for array-to-UF model reconstruction
+        for (auto const& entry : m_fmc->entries()) {
+            if (entry.m_instruction == generic_model_converter::instruction::HIDE)
+                m_fmls.model_trail().hide(entry.m_f);
+            else if (entry.m_instruction == generic_model_converter::instruction::ADD)
+                m_fmls.model_trail().push(entry.m_f, entry.m_def, nullptr, {});
+        }
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_tactic.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 58a1e62381..0000000000
--- a/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_tactic.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-/*++
-Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation
-
-Module Name:
-
-    bvarray2uf_tactic.cpp
-
-Abstract:
-
-    Tactic that rewrites bit-vector arrays into bit-vector
-    (uninterpreted) functions.
-
-Author:
-
-    Christoph (cwinter) 2015-11-04
-
-Notes:
-
---*/
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
-#include "ast/bv_decl_plugin.h"
-#include "ast/rewriter/expr_replacer.h"
-#include "ast/converters/generic_model_converter.h"
-#include "ast/ast_smt2_pp.h"
-
-#include "tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_tactic.h"
-#include "tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_rewriter.h"
-
-class bvarray2uf_tactic : public tactic {
-
-    struct imp {
-        ast_manager &       m_manager;
-        bool                m_produce_cores;
-        bvarray2uf_rewriter m_rw;
-
-        ast_manager & m() { return m_manager; }
-
-        imp(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) :
-            m_manager(m),
-            m_produce_cores(false),
-            m_rw(m, p) {
-            updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-
-        void checkpoint() {
-            if (!m_manager.inc())
-                throw tactic_exception(m_manager.limit().get_cancel_msg());
-        }
-
-        void operator()(goal_ref const & g,
-                        goal_ref_buffer & result)
-        {
-            tactic_report report("bvarray2uf", *g);
-            result.reset();
-            fail_if_unsat_core_generation("bvarray2uf", g);
-            // bvarray2uf_rewriter does not support proofs (yet).
-            fail_if_proof_generation("bvarray2uf", g);
-
-            bool produce_models = g->models_enabled();
-            bool produce_proofs = g->proofs_enabled();
-            model_converter_ref mc;
-
-            if (produce_models) {
-                generic_model_converter * fmc = alloc(generic_model_converter, m_manager, "bvarray2uf");
-                mc = fmc;
-                m_rw.set_mcs(fmc);
-            }
-
-
-            m_rw.reset();
-            expr_ref   new_curr(m_manager);
-            proof_ref  new_pr(m_manager);
-            unsigned size = g->size();
-            for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < size; ++idx) {
-                if (g->inconsistent())
-                    break;
-                expr* curr = g->form(idx);
-                m_rw(curr, new_curr, new_pr);
-                if (produce_proofs) {
-                    proof * pr = g->pr(idx);
-                    new_pr = m_manager.mk_modus_ponens(pr, new_pr);
-                }
-                g->update(idx, new_curr, new_pr, g->dep(idx));
-            }
-
-            for (expr* a : m_rw.m_cfg.extra_assertions)
-                g->assert_expr(a);
-
-            g->inc_depth();
-            g->add(mc.get());
-            result.push_back(g.get());
-        }
-
-        void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
-        }
-    };
-
-    imp *      m_imp;
-    params_ref m_params;
-
-public:
-    bvarray2uf_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) :
-        m_params(p) {
-        m_imp = alloc(imp, m, p);
-    }
-
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override {
-        return alloc(bvarray2uf_tactic, m, m_params);
-    }
-
-    ~bvarray2uf_tactic() override {
-        dealloc(m_imp);
-    }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "bvarray2uf"; }
-
-    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) override {
-        m_params.append(p);
-        m_imp->updt_params(m_params);
-    }
-
-    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override {
-        insert_produce_models(r);
-    }
-
-    void operator()(goal_ref const & in,
-                    goal_ref_buffer & result) override {
-        (*m_imp)(in, result);
-    }
-
-    void cleanup() override {
-        ast_manager & m = m_imp->m();
-        imp * d = alloc(imp, m, m_params);
-        std::swap(d, m_imp);
-        dealloc(d);
-    }
-
-};
-
-
-tactic * mk_bvarray2uf_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
-    return clean(alloc(bvarray2uf_tactic, m, p));
-}
diff --git a/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_tactic.h b/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_tactic.h
index 393ab164c5..d71752853a 100644
--- a/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_tactic.h
@@ -32,12 +32,23 @@ Tactic that rewrites bit-vector arrays into bit-vector
 #pragma once
 
 #include "util/params.h"
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/bv/bvarray2uf_simplifier.h"
+
 class ast_manager;
 class tactic;
 
-tactic * mk_bvarray2uf_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref());
+inline tactic * mk_bvarray2uf_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+        [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* {
+            return alloc(bvarray2uf_simplifier, m, p, s);
+        });
+}
+
 /*
     ADD_TACTIC("bvarray2uf", "Rewrite bit-vector arrays into bit-vector (uninterpreted) functions.", "mk_bvarray2uf_tactic(m, p)")
+    ADD_SIMPLIFIER("bvarray2uf", "Rewrite bit-vector arrays into bit-vector (uninterpreted) functions.", "alloc(bvarray2uf_simplifier, m, p, s)")
 */
 
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/tactic/core/CMakeLists.txt
index a191b6251a..02e62aec0d 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/tactic/core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,13 +2,10 @@ z3_add_component(core_tactics
   SOURCES
     blast_term_ite_tactic.cpp
     cofactor_elim_term_ite.cpp
-    cofactor_term_ite_tactic.cpp
     collect_statistics_tactic.cpp
     ctx_simplify_tactic.cpp
-    der_tactic.cpp
     elim_term_ite_tactic.cpp
     elim_uncnstr_tactic.cpp
-    injectivity_tactic.cpp
     nnf_tactic.cpp
     occf_tactic.cpp
     pb_preprocess_tactic.cpp
@@ -37,6 +34,7 @@ z3_add_component(core_tactics
     elim_uncnstr_tactic.h
     elim_uncnstr2_tactic.h
     eliminate_predicates_tactic.h
+    fold_unfold_tactic.h
     injectivity_tactic.h
     nnf_tactic.h
     occf_tactic.h
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.cpp
index 45ea000458..f35a126687 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.cpp
@@ -14,203 +14,9 @@ Author:
     Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2013-11-4
 
 --*/
-#include "ast/normal_forms/defined_names.h"
-#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
-#include "ast/scoped_proof.h"
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
-#include "params/tactic_params.hpp"
-
-
-
-// 
-// (f (if c1 (if c2 e1 e2) e3) b c) -> 
-// (if c1 (if c2 (f e1 b c)
-//
-
-
-class blast_term_ite_tactic : public tactic {
-
-    struct rw_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
-        ast_manager&         m;
-        unsigned long long   m_max_memory; // in bytes
-        unsigned             m_num_fresh; // number of expansions
-        unsigned             m_max_steps;
-        unsigned             m_max_inflation;
-        unsigned             m_init_term_size;
-
-        rw_cfg(ast_manager & _m, params_ref const & p):
-            m(_m),
-            m_num_fresh(0),
-            m_max_steps(UINT_MAX), 
-            m_max_inflation(UINT_MAX), 
-            m_init_term_size(0) {
-            updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-        void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
-            tactic_params tp(p);
-            m_max_memory    = megabytes_to_bytes(p.get_uint("max_memory", UINT_MAX));
-            m_max_steps = p.get_uint("max_steps", tp.blast_term_ite_max_steps());
-            m_max_inflation = p.get_uint("max_inflation", tp.blast_term_ite_max_inflation());  // multiplicative factor of initial term size.
-        }
-
-        
-
-        bool max_steps_exceeded(unsigned num_steps) const { 
-            // if (memory::get_allocation_size() > m_max_memory) 
-            //    throw tactic_exception(TACTIC_MAX_MEMORY_MSG);
-            return num_steps >= m_max_steps;
-        }
-        
-        br_status mk_app_core(func_decl* f, unsigned num_args, expr* const* args, expr_ref& result) {
-            if (m.is_ite(f)) {
-                return BR_FAILED;
-            }
-            if (m_max_inflation < UINT_MAX && 
-                m_init_term_size > 0 && 
-                m_max_inflation * m_init_term_size < m_num_fresh) 
-                return BR_FAILED;
-            
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
-                expr* c, *t, *e;
-                if (!m.is_bool(args[i]) && m.is_ite(args[i], c, t, e)) {
-                    TRACE(blast_term_ite, result = m.mk_app(f, num_args, args); tout << result << "\n";);
-                    expr_ref e1(m), e2(m);
-                    ptr_vector<expr> args1(num_args, args);
-                    args1[i] = t;
-                    e1 = m.mk_app(f, num_args, args1.data());
-                    if (m.are_equal(t, e)) {
-                        result = e1;
-                        return BR_REWRITE1;
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        args1[i] = e;
-                        e2 = m.mk_app(f, num_args, args1.data());
-                        result = m.mk_ite(c, e1, e2);
-                        ++m_num_fresh;
-                        return BR_REWRITE3;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return BR_FAILED;
-        }
-
-        bool rewrite_patterns() const { return false; }
-
-        br_status reduce_app(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result, proof_ref & result_pr) {
-            return mk_app_core(f, num, args, result);
-        }
-
-    };
-                
-    struct rw : public rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg> {
-        rw_cfg m_cfg;
-        
-        rw(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-            rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg>(m, m.proofs_enabled(), m_cfg),
-            m_cfg(m, p) {
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct imp {
-        ast_manager & m;
-        rw            m_rw;
-        
-        imp(ast_manager & _m, params_ref const & p):
-            m(_m),
-            m_rw(m, p) {
-        }
-                
-        void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
-            m_rw.m_cfg.updt_params(p);
-        }
-        
-        void operator()(goal_ref const & g, goal_ref_buffer & result) {
-            tactic_report report("blast-term-ite", *g);
-            expr_ref   new_curr(m);
-            proof_ref  new_pr(m);
-            unsigned   num_fresh = 0;
-            unsigned idx = 0;
-            for (auto [curr, dep, pr] : *g) {
-                if (m_rw.m_cfg.m_max_inflation < UINT_MAX) {
-                    m_rw.m_cfg.m_init_term_size = get_num_exprs(curr);
-                    num_fresh += m_rw.m_cfg.m_num_fresh;
-                    m_rw.m_cfg.m_num_fresh = 0;
-                }
-                m_rw(curr, new_curr, new_pr);
-                new_pr = m.mk_modus_ponens(pr, new_pr);                
-                g->update(idx++, new_curr, new_pr, dep);
-            }
-            
-            report_tactic_progress(":blast-term-ite-consts", m_rw.m_cfg.m_num_fresh + num_fresh);
-            g->inc_depth();
-            result.push_back(g.get());
-        }
-    };
-    
-    imp *      m_imp;
-    params_ref m_params;
-public:
-    blast_term_ite_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-        m_params(p) {
-        m_imp = alloc(imp, m, p);
-    }
-
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override {
-        return alloc(blast_term_ite_tactic, m, m_params);
-    }
-        
-    ~blast_term_ite_tactic() override {
-        dealloc(m_imp);
-    }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "blast_term_ite"; }
-
-    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) override {
-        m_params.append(p);
-        m_imp->m_rw.m_cfg.updt_params(m_params);
-    }
-
-    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override {
-        insert_max_memory(r);
-        insert_max_steps(r);
-        r.insert("max_inflation", CPK_UINT, "(default: infinity) multiplicative factor of initial term size.", "4294967295");
-    }
-    
-    void operator()(goal_ref const & in, goal_ref_buffer & result) override {
-        (*m_imp)(in, result);
-    }
-    
-    void cleanup() override {
-        ast_manager & m = m_imp->m;
-        dealloc(m_imp);
-        m_imp = alloc(imp, m, m_params);
-    }
-
-    static void blast_term_ite(expr_ref& fml, unsigned max_inflation) {
-        ast_manager& m = fml.get_manager();
-        scoped_no_proof _sp(m);
-        params_ref p;
-        rw ite_rw(m, p);
-        ite_rw.m_cfg.m_max_inflation = max_inflation;
-        if (max_inflation < UINT_MAX) {
-            ite_rw.m_cfg.m_init_term_size = get_num_exprs(fml);
-        }
-        try {
-            expr_ref tmp(m);
-            ite_rw(fml, tmp);
-            fml = tmp;   
-        }
-        catch (z3_exception &) {
-            // max steps exceeded.
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-tactic * mk_blast_term_ite_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
-    return clean(alloc(blast_term_ite_tactic, m, p));
-}
+#include "tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.h"
 
 void blast_term_ite(expr_ref& fml, unsigned max_inflation) {
-    blast_term_ite_tactic::blast_term_ite(fml, max_inflation);
+    blast_term_ite_simplifier::blast_term_ite(fml, max_inflation);
 }
+
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.h b/src/tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.h
index a322b8e11d..c1233953a0 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/core/blast_term_ite_tactic.h
@@ -45,13 +45,20 @@ Use `elim-term-ite` elsewhere when possible.
 #pragma once
 
 #include "util/params.h"
-class ast_manager;
-class tactic;
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/blast_term_ite_simplifier.h"
 
-tactic * mk_blast_term_ite_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref());
+inline tactic * mk_blast_term_ite_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+        [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* {
+            return alloc(blast_term_ite_simplifier, m, p, s);
+        });
+}
 
 /*
     ADD_TACTIC("blast-term-ite", "blast term if-then-else by hoisting them.", "mk_blast_term_ite_tactic(m, p)")
+    ADD_SIMPLIFIER("blast-term-ite", "blast term if-then-else by hoisting them.", "alloc(blast_term_ite_simplifier, m, p, s)")
 */
 
 void blast_term_ite(expr_ref& fml, unsigned max_inflation);
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/cofactor_term_ite_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/core/cofactor_term_ite_tactic.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c46e5d9f2e..0000000000
--- a/src/tactic/core/cofactor_term_ite_tactic.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-/*++
-Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
-
-Module Name:
-
-    cofactor_term_ite_tactic.cpp
-
-Abstract:
-
-    Wrap cofactor_elim_term_ite as a tactic.
-    Eliminate (ground) term if-then-else's using cofactors.
-
-Author:
-
-    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-02-20.
-
-Revision History:
-
---*/
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
-#include "tactic/core/cofactor_elim_term_ite.h"
-
-/**
-   \brief Wrapper for applying cofactor_elim_term_ite in an assertion set.
- */
-class cofactor_term_ite_tactic : public tactic {
-    params_ref             m_params;
-    cofactor_elim_term_ite m_elim_ite;
-
-    void process(goal & g) {
-        ast_manager & m = g.m();
-        unsigned idx = 0;
-        for (const auto& [f, dep, pr] : g) {
-            if (g.inconsistent())
-                break;
-            expr_ref new_f(m);
-            m_elim_ite(f, new_f);
-            g.update(idx++, new_f, nullptr, dep);            
-        }
-    }
-
-public:
-    cofactor_term_ite_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-        m_params(p),
-        m_elim_ite(m, p) {
-    }
-
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override {
-        return alloc(cofactor_term_ite_tactic, m, m_params);
-    }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "cofactor"; }
-    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) override { m_params.append(p); m_elim_ite.updt_params(m_params); }
-    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override { m_elim_ite.collect_param_descrs(r); }
-    
-    void  operator()(goal_ref const & g, goal_ref_buffer& result) override {
-        fail_if_proof_generation("cofactor-term-ite", g);
-        fail_if_unsat_core_generation("cofactor-term-ite", g);
-        tactic_report report("cofactor-term-ite", *g);
-        process(*(g.get()));
-        g->inc_depth();
-        result.push_back(g.get());
-    }
-    
-    void cleanup() override { return m_elim_ite.cleanup(); }
-
-};
-
-tactic * mk_cofactor_term_ite_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
-    return clean(alloc(cofactor_term_ite_tactic, m, p));
-}
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/cofactor_term_ite_tactic.h b/src/tactic/core/cofactor_term_ite_tactic.h
index 68568c8cef..a22edb0878 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/cofactor_term_ite_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/core/cofactor_term_ite_tactic.h
@@ -29,11 +29,54 @@ It hoists nested if-then-else expressions inside terms into the top level of the
 #pragma once
 
 #include "util/params.h"
-class ast_manager;
-class tactic;
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+#include "tactic/core/cofactor_elim_term_ite.h"
+
+class cofactor_term_ite_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+    params_ref             m_params;
+    cofactor_elim_term_ite m_elim_ite;
+
+public:
+    cofactor_term_ite_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s)
+        : dependent_expr_simplifier(m, s), m_params(p), m_elim_ite(m, p) {}
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "cofactor-term-ite"; }
+
+    void updt_params(params_ref const& p) override {
+        m_params.append(p);
+        m_elim_ite.updt_params(m_params);
+    }
+
+    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs& r) override {
+        m_elim_ite.collect_param_descrs(r);
+    }
+
+    bool supports_proofs() const override { return false; }
+
+    void reduce() override {
+        expr_ref new_fml(m);
+        for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+            auto const& d = m_fmls[idx];
+            m_elim_ite(d.fml(), new_fml);
+            if (new_fml != d.fml())
+                m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_fml, nullptr, d.dep()));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+inline dependent_expr_simplifier* mk_cofactor_term_ite_simplifier(
+        ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s) {
+    return alloc(cofactor_term_ite_simplifier, m, p, s);
+}
+
+inline tactic* mk_cofactor_term_ite_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p, mk_cofactor_term_ite_simplifier);
+}
 
-tactic * mk_cofactor_term_ite_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref());
 /*
-  ADD_TACTIC("cofactor-term-ite", "eliminate term if-the-else using cofactors.", "mk_cofactor_term_ite_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_TACTIC("cofactor-term-ite", "eliminate term if-then-else using cofactors.", "mk_cofactor_term_ite_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("cofactor-term-ite", "eliminate term if-then-else using cofactors.", "mk_cofactor_term_ite_simplifier(m, p, s)")
 */
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/collect_statistics_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/core/collect_statistics_tactic.cpp
index 5e8af0b43f..b689d80580 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/collect_statistics_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/core/collect_statistics_tactic.cpp
@@ -119,6 +119,9 @@ protected:
             case lambda_k:
                 m_stats["lambda-variables"] += q->get_num_decls();
                 break;
+            case choice_k:
+                m_stats["choice-variables"] += q->get_num_decls();
+                break;
             }
             m_stats["patterns"] += q->get_num_patterns();
             m_stats["no-patterns"] += q->get_num_no_patterns();
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/ctx_simplify_tactic.h b/src/tactic/core/ctx_simplify_tactic.h
index 213f01f623..476e97eb1d 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/ctx_simplify_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/core/ctx_simplify_tactic.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public:
         virtual simplifier * translate(ast_manager & m) = 0;
         virtual unsigned scope_level() const = 0;
         virtual void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {}
-        void set_occs(goal_num_occurs& occs) { m_occs = &occs; };
+        void set_occs(goal_num_occurs& occs) { m_occs = &occs; }
         bool shared(expr* t) const;
     };
     
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/der_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/core/der_tactic.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4df46e19ec..0000000000
--- a/src/tactic/core/der_tactic.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/*++
-Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
-
-Module Name:
-
-    der_tactic.cpp
-
-Abstract:
-
-    DER tactic
-
-Author:
-
-    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-10-20
-
---*/
-#include "ast/rewriter/der.h"
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
-
-class der_tactic : public tactic {
-    struct imp {
-        ast_manager &   m_manager;
-        der_rewriter    m_r;
-        
-        imp(ast_manager & m):
-            m_manager(m),
-            m_r(m) {
-        }
-        
-        ast_manager & m() const { return m_manager; }
-                
-        void reset() {
-            m_r.reset();
-        }
-        
-        void operator()(goal & g) {
-            tactic_report report("der", g);
-            expr_ref   new_curr(m());
-            proof_ref  new_pr(m());
-            unsigned idx = 0;
-            for (auto [curr, dep, pr] : g) {
-                if (g.inconsistent())
-                    break;
-                m_r(curr, new_curr, new_pr);
-                new_pr = m().mk_modus_ponens(pr, new_pr);                
-                g.update(idx++, new_curr, new_pr, dep);
-            }
-            g.elim_redundancies();
-        }
-    };
-
-    imp *      m_imp;
-
-public:
-    der_tactic(ast_manager & m) {
-        m_imp = alloc(imp, m);
-    }
-
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override {
-        return alloc(der_tactic, m);
-    }
-
-    ~der_tactic() override {
-        dealloc(m_imp);
-    }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "der"; }
-    
-    void operator()(goal_ref const & in, 
-                    goal_ref_buffer & result) override {
-        (*m_imp)(*(in.get()));
-        in->inc_depth();
-        result.push_back(in.get());
-    }
-
-    void cleanup() override {
-        ast_manager & m = m_imp->m();
-        imp * d = alloc(imp, m);
-        std::swap(d, m_imp);        
-        dealloc(d);
-    }
-    
-};
-
-tactic * mk_der_tactic(ast_manager & m) {
-    return alloc(der_tactic, m);
-}
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/der_tactic.h b/src/tactic/core/der_tactic.h
index 555d3108d3..2fe82cf3ba 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/der_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/core/der_tactic.h
@@ -49,12 +49,18 @@ equality resolution rule takes the form:
 --*/
 #pragma once
 
-class ast_manager;
-class tactic;
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/der_simplifier.h"
 
-tactic * mk_der_tactic(ast_manager & m);
+inline tactic * mk_der_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+        [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* {
+            return alloc(der_simplifier, m, p, s);
+        });
+}
 
 /*
-  ADD_TACTIC("der", "destructive equality resolution.", "mk_der_tactic(m)")
+  ADD_TACTIC("der", "destructive equality resolution.", "mk_der_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("der", "destructive equality resolution.", "alloc(der_simplifier, m, p, s)")
 */
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/elim_uncnstr_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/core/elim_uncnstr_tactic.cpp
index 432f0e9e16..7aecd4d505 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/elim_uncnstr_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/core/elim_uncnstr_tactic.cpp
@@ -19,12 +19,15 @@ Notes:
 #include "tactic/tactical.h"
 #include "ast/converters/generic_model_converter.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
 #include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/bv_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/recfun_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/for_each_expr.h"
+#include "ast/polymorphism_util.h"
 #include "tactic/core/collect_occs.h"
 #include "ast/ast_smt2_pp.h"
 #include "ast/ast_ll_pp.h"
@@ -39,7 +42,8 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
     struct rw_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
         bool                   m_produce_proofs;
         obj_hashtable<expr> &  m_vars;
-        obj_hashtable<expr>&   m_nonvars;
+        obj_hashtable<expr>&   m_nonvars;  
+        expr_mark &            m_disabled;
         ref<mc>                m_mc;
         arith_util             m_a_util;
         bv_util                m_bv_util;
@@ -52,11 +56,14 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
         unsigned long long     m_max_memory;
         unsigned               m_max_steps;
         
-        rw_cfg(ast_manager & m, bool produce_proofs, obj_hashtable<expr> & vars, obj_hashtable<expr> & nonvars, mc * _m, 
+        rw_cfg(ast_manager & m, bool produce_proofs, obj_hashtable<expr> & vars, 
+            obj_hashtable<expr> & nonvars, expr_mark& disabled,
+            mc * _m, 
                unsigned long long max_memory, unsigned max_steps):
             m_produce_proofs(produce_proofs),
             m_vars(vars),
-            m_nonvars(nonvars),
+            m_nonvars(nonvars), 
+            m_disabled(disabled),
             m_mc(_m),
             m_a_util(m),
             m_bv_util(m),
@@ -78,7 +85,7 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
         }
         
         bool uncnstr(expr * arg) const {
-            return m_vars.contains(arg) && !m_nonvars.contains(arg);
+            return m_vars.contains(arg) && !m_nonvars.contains(arg) && !m_disabled.is_marked(arg);
         }
         
         bool uncnstr(unsigned num, expr * const * args) const {
@@ -798,10 +805,10 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
 
         // x ++ y -> z, x -> z, y -> eps
         app * process_seq_app(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * args) {
+            app *r = nullptr;
             switch (f->get_decl_kind()) {
             case _OP_STRING_CONCAT:
             case OP_SEQ_CONCAT: {
-                app * r = nullptr;
                 expr* x, *y;
                 if (uncnstr(args[0]) && num == 2 &&
                     args[1]->get_ref_count() == 1 && 
@@ -828,6 +835,27 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
                 
                 return r;
             }
+            case OP_SEQ_IN_RE:
+                return nullptr;
+                if (uncnstr(args[0]) && m_seq_util.re.is_ground(args[1]) && m_seq_util.is_string(args[0]->get_sort())) {
+                    zstring s1;
+                    expr *re = args[1];
+                    seq_rewriter rw(m());
+                    if (l_true != rw.some_string_in_re(re, s1))
+                        return nullptr;
+                    zstring s2;
+                    expr_ref not_re(m_seq_util.re.mk_complement(re), m());
+                    if (l_true != rw.some_string_in_re(not_re, s2))
+                        return nullptr;
+
+                    mk_fresh_uncnstr_var_for(f, num, args, r);
+                    expr_ref witness1 = expr_ref(m_seq_util.str.mk_string(s1), m());
+                    expr_ref witness2 = expr_ref(m_seq_util.str.mk_string(s2), m());
+                    if (m_mc)
+                        add_def(args[0], m().mk_ite(r, witness1, witness2));
+                    return r;
+                }
+                return nullptr;
             default:
                 return nullptr;
             }            
@@ -878,10 +906,11 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
     class rw : public rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg> {
         rw_cfg m_cfg;
     public:
-        rw(ast_manager & m, bool produce_proofs, obj_hashtable<expr> & vars, obj_hashtable<expr>& nonvars, mc * _m,
+        rw(ast_manager & m, bool produce_proofs, obj_hashtable<expr> & vars, obj_hashtable<expr>& nonvars, 
+            expr_mark& disabled, mc * _m,
             unsigned long long max_memory, unsigned max_steps):
             rewriter_tpl<rw_cfg>(m, produce_proofs, m_cfg),
-            m_cfg(m, produce_proofs, vars, nonvars, _m, max_memory, max_steps) {
+            m_cfg(m, produce_proofs, vars, nonvars, disabled, _m, max_memory, max_steps) {
         }
     };
     
@@ -889,6 +918,8 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
     ref<mc>                          m_mc;
     obj_hashtable<expr>              m_vars;
     obj_hashtable<expr>              m_nonvars;
+    expr_mark                        m_disabled;
+    expr_ref_vector                  m_pinned;
     scoped_ptr<rw>                   m_rw;
     unsigned                         m_num_elim_apps = 0;
     unsigned long long               m_max_memory;
@@ -903,7 +934,22 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
     }
     
     void init_rw(bool produce_proofs) {
-        m_rw = alloc(rw, m(), produce_proofs, m_vars, m_nonvars, m_mc.get(), m_max_memory, m_max_steps);            
+        m_rw = alloc(rw, m(), produce_proofs, m_vars, m_nonvars, m_disabled, m_mc.get(), m_max_memory, m_max_steps);            
+    }
+
+    // The manager-wide has_type_vars() flag is a coarse over-approximation: it becomes
+    // true as soon as any type variable is created, including the type variables used to
+    // define the polymorphic signatures of builtin plugins (e.g. finite_set). Those never
+    // occur in the actual goal, so relying on the global flag needlessly disables this
+    // tactic. Check whether the goal itself contains type-variable typed terms instead.
+    bool goal_has_type_vars(goal_ref const & g) {
+        if (!m().has_type_vars())
+            return false;
+        polymorphism::util u(m());
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < g->size(); ++i)
+            if (u.has_type_vars(g->form(i)))
+                return true;
+        return false;
     }
 
     void run(goal_ref const & g, goal_ref_buffer & result) {
@@ -914,7 +960,8 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
         m_vars.reset();
         collect_occs p;
         p(*g, m_vars);
-        if (m_vars.empty() || recfun::util(m()).has_rec_defs()) {
+        disable_quantified(g);
+        if (m_vars.empty() || recfun::util(m()).has_rec_defs() || goal_has_type_vars(g)) {
             result.push_back(g.get());
             // did not increase depth since it didn't do anything.
             return;
@@ -931,6 +978,7 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
         unsigned round = 0;
         unsigned size  = g->size();
         unsigned idx   = 0;
+
         while (true) {
             for (; idx < size; ++idx) {
                 expr * f = g->form(idx);
@@ -964,6 +1012,7 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
             size       = g->size();
             m_rw->reset(); // reset cache
             m_vars.reset(); 
+            disable_quantified(g);
             {
                 collect_occs p;
                 p(*g, m_vars);
@@ -974,11 +1023,42 @@ class elim_uncnstr_tactic : public tactic {
                 idx = 0;
         }
     }
+
+    void disable(expr* e) {
+        if (m_disabled.is_marked(e))
+            return;
+        m_pinned.push_back(e);
+
+        ptr_buffer<expr> todo;
+        todo.push_back(e);
+        while (!todo.empty()) {
+            e = todo.back();
+            todo.pop_back();
+            if (m_disabled.is_marked(e))
+                continue;
+            m_disabled.mark(e);
+            if (is_app(e))
+                for (auto arg : *to_app(e))
+                    todo.push_back(arg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void disable_quantified(goal_ref const &g) {
+        m_disabled.reset();
+        m_pinned.reset();
+
+        for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < g->size(); ++idx) {
+            expr *f = g->form(idx);
+            for (expr *e : subterms::all(expr_ref(f, m())))
+                if (is_quantifier(e))
+                    disable(to_quantifier(e)->get_expr());
+        }
+    }
     
     params_ref m_params;
 public:
    elim_uncnstr_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-        m_manager(m), m_params(p) {
+        m_manager(m), m_pinned(m), m_params(p) {
         updt_params(p);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/fold_unfold_tactic.h b/src/tactic/core/fold_unfold_tactic.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fa3e55053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tactic/core/fold_unfold_tactic.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2022 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    fold_unfold_tactic.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Tactic for solving variables
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2026-4-30
+
+Tactic Documentation:
+
+## Tactic fold-unfold
+
+### Short Description
+
+Solve for variables using fold-unfold transformations.
+
+### Notes
+
+* supports unsat cores
+* does not support fine-grained proofs
+* alternative to solve-eqs
+
+--*/
+
+#pragma once
+#include "util/params.h"
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/fold_unfold.h"
+
+inline tactic *mk_fold_unfold_tactic(ast_manager &m, params_ref const &p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+                 [](auto &m, auto &p, auto &s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier * { return alloc(euf::fold_unfold, m, s); });
+}
+
+/*
+  ADD_TACTIC("fold-unfold", "solve for variables.", "mk_fold_unfold_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("fold-unfold", "solve for variables.", "alloc(euf::fold_unfold, m, s)")
+*/
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/injectivity_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/core/injectivity_tactic.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index eb6470ace4..0000000000
--- a/src/tactic/core/injectivity_tactic.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,281 +0,0 @@
-/*++
-Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation
-
-Module Name:
-
-  injectivity_tactic.cpp
-
-
-Author:
-
-  Nicolas Braud-Santoni (t-nibrau) 2017-08-10
-
---*/
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <utility>
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
-#include "ast/rewriter/rewriter_def.h"
-#include "tactic/core/injectivity_tactic.h"
-#include "util/dec_ref_util.h"
-
-
-class injectivity_tactic : public tactic {
-
-    struct InjHelper : public obj_map<func_decl, obj_hashtable<func_decl>*> {
-        ast_manager & m_manager;
-
-        void insert(func_decl* const f, func_decl* const g) {
-            obj_hashtable<func_decl> *m;
-            if (! obj_map::find(f, m)) {
-                m_manager.inc_ref(f);
-                m = alloc(obj_hashtable<func_decl>); // TODO: Check we don't leak memory
-                obj_map::insert(f, m);
-            }
-            if (!m->contains(g)) {
-                m_manager.inc_ref(g);
-                m->insert(g);
-            }
-        }
-
-        bool find(func_decl* const f, func_decl* const g) const {
-            obj_hashtable<func_decl> *m;
-            if(! obj_map::find(f, m))
-                return false;
-
-            return m->contains(g);
-        }
-
-        InjHelper(ast_manager& m) : obj_map<func_decl, obj_hashtable<func_decl>*>(), m_manager(m) {}
-        ~InjHelper() {
-            for(auto m : *this) {
-                for (func_decl* f : *m.get_value())
-                    m_manager.dec_ref(f);
-
-                m_manager.dec_ref(m.m_key);
-                dealloc(m.m_value);
-            }
-        }
-
-    };
-
-    struct finder {
-        ast_manager & m_manager;
-        InjHelper   & inj_map;
-
-        finder(ast_manager & m, InjHelper & map, params_ref const & p) :
-            m_manager(m),
-            inj_map(map) {
-            updt_params(p);
-        }
-
-        ast_manager & m() const { return m_manager; }
-
-        bool is_axiom(expr* n, func_decl* &f, func_decl* &g) {
-            if (!is_forall(n))
-                return false;
-
-            quantifier* const q = to_quantifier(n);
-            if (q->get_num_decls() != 1)
-                return false;
-
-            const expr * const body = q->get_expr();
-
-            // n ~= forall x. body
-
-            if (!m().is_eq(body))
-                return false;
-
-            const app * const body_a = to_app(body);
-            if (body_a->get_num_args() != 2)
-                return false;
-
-            const expr* a = body_a->get_arg(0);
-            const expr* b = body_a->get_arg(1);
-
-            // n ~= forall x. (= a b)
-
-            if (is_app(a) && is_var(b)) {
-                // Do nothing
-            }
-            else if (is_app(b) && is_var(a)) {
-                std::swap(a, b);
-            }
-            else
-                return false;
-
-            const app* const a_app = to_app(a);
-            const var* const b_var = to_var(b);
-
-            if (b_var->get_idx() != 0) // idx is the De Bruijn's index
-                return false;
-
-            if (a_app->get_num_args() != 1)
-                return false;
-
-            g = a_app->get_decl();
-            const expr* const a_body = a_app->get_arg(0);
-
-            // n ~= forall x. (= (g a_body) x)
-
-            if (!is_app(a_body))
-                return false;
-            const app* const a_body_app = to_app(a_body);
-            if (a_body_app->get_num_args() != 1) // Maybe TODO: support multi-argument functions
-                return false;
-
-            f = a_body_app->get_decl();
-            const expr* const a_body_body = a_body_app->get_arg(0);
-
-            // n ~= forall x. (= (g (f a_body_body)) x)
-            if (a_body_body != b_var)
-                return false;
-
-            // n ~= forall x. (= (g (f x)) x)
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        void operator()(goal_ref const & goal,
-                        goal_ref_buffer & result) {
-            tactic_report report("injectivity", *goal);
-            fail_if_unsat_core_generation("injectivity", goal); // TODO: Support UNSAT cores
-            fail_if_proof_generation("injectivity", goal);
-
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < goal->size(); ++i) {
-                func_decl *f, *g;
-                if (!is_axiom(goal->form(i), f, g)) continue;
-                TRACE(injectivity, tout << "Marking " << f->get_name() << " as injective" << std::endl;);
-                inj_map.insert(f, g);
-                // TODO: Record that g is f's pseudoinverse
-            }
-        }
-
-        void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {}
-    };
-
-    struct rewriter_eq_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
-        ast_manager              & m_manager;
-        InjHelper                & inj_map;
-
-        ast_manager & m() const { return m_manager; }
-
-        rewriter_eq_cfg(ast_manager & m, InjHelper & map, params_ref const & p) : m_manager(m), inj_map(map) {
-        }
-
-        void cleanup_buffers() {
-        }
-
-        void reset() {
-        }
-
-        br_status reduce_app(func_decl * f, unsigned num, expr * const * args, expr_ref & result, proof_ref & result_pr) {
-            if (num != 2)
-                return BR_FAILED;
-
-            if (!m().is_eq(f))
-                return BR_FAILED;
-
-            // We are rewriting (= a b)
-            if (!is_app(args[0]) || !is_app(args[1]))
-                return BR_FAILED;
-
-            const app* const a = to_app(args[0]);
-            const app* const b = to_app(args[1]);
-
-            // a and b are applications of the same function
-            if (a->get_decl() != b->get_decl())
-                return BR_FAILED;
-
-            // Maybe TODO: Generalize to multi-parameter functions ?
-            if (a->get_num_args() != 1 || b->get_num_args() != 1)
-                return BR_FAILED;
-
-            if (!inj_map.contains(a->get_decl()))
-                return BR_FAILED;
-
-            SASSERT(a->get_arg(0)->get_sort() == b->get_arg(0)->get_sort());
-            TRACE(injectivity, tout << "Rewriting (= " << mk_ismt2_pp(args[0], m()) <<
-                                              " " << mk_ismt2_pp(args[1], m()) << ")" << std::endl;);
-            result = m().mk_eq(a->get_arg(0), b->get_arg(0));
-            result_pr = nullptr;
-            return BR_DONE;
-        }
-
-    };
-
-    struct rewriter_eq : public rewriter_tpl<rewriter_eq_cfg> {
-        rewriter_eq_cfg m_cfg;
-        rewriter_eq(ast_manager & m, InjHelper & map, params_ref const & p) :
-            rewriter_tpl<rewriter_eq_cfg>(m, m.proofs_enabled(), m_cfg),
-            m_cfg(m, map, p) {
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct rewriter_inverse { };
-
-    finder *           m_finder;
-    rewriter_eq *      m_eq;
-    InjHelper *        m_map;
-    params_ref         m_params;
-    ast_manager &      m_manager;
-
-public:
-    injectivity_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p):
-        m_params(p),
-        m_manager(m) {
-        TRACE(injectivity, tout << "constructed new tactic" << std::endl;);
-        m_map = alloc(InjHelper, m);
-        m_finder = alloc(finder, m, *m_map, p);
-        m_eq = alloc(rewriter_eq, m, *m_map, p);
-    }
-
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override {
-        return alloc(injectivity_tactic, m, m_params);
-    }
-
-    ~injectivity_tactic() override {
-        dealloc(m_finder);
-        dealloc(m_eq);
-        dealloc(m_map);
-    }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "injectivity"; }
-
-    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) override {
-        m_params.append(p);
-        m_finder->updt_params(m_params);
-    }
-
-    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override {
-        insert_max_memory(r);
-        insert_produce_models(r);
-    }
-
-    void operator()(goal_ref const & g,
-                    goal_ref_buffer & result) override {
-        (*m_finder)(g, result);
-
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < g->size(); ++i) {
-            expr*     curr = g->form(i);
-            expr_ref  rw(m_manager);
-            proof_ref pr(m_manager);
-            (*m_eq)(curr, rw, pr);
-            g->update(i, rw, pr, g->dep(i));
-        }
-        result.push_back(g.get());
-    }
-
-    void cleanup() override {
-        InjHelper * m = alloc(InjHelper, m_manager);
-        finder * f = alloc(finder, m_manager, *m, m_params);
-        rewriter_eq * r = alloc(rewriter_eq, m_manager, *m, m_params);
-        std::swap(m, m_map), std::swap(f, m_finder), std::swap(r, m_eq);
-        dealloc(m), dealloc(f), dealloc(r);
-    }
-
-
-};
-
-tactic * mk_injectivity_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
-    return alloc(injectivity_tactic, m, p);
-}
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/injectivity_tactic.h b/src/tactic/core/injectivity_tactic.h
index 78310909a8..06a841fe67 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/injectivity_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/core/injectivity_tactic.h
@@ -45,12 +45,20 @@ Tactic Documentation:
 #pragma once
 
 #include "util/params.h"
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "ast/simplifiers/injectivity_simplifier.h"
 class ast_manager;
 class tactic;
 
-tactic * mk_injectivity_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref());
+inline tactic* mk_injectivity_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+        [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* {
+            return alloc(injectivity_simplifier, m, p, s);
+        });
+}
 
 /*
   ADD_TACTIC("injectivity",  "Identifies and applies injectivity axioms.", "mk_injectivity_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("injectivity", "Identifies and applies injectivity axioms.", "alloc(injectivity_simplifier, m, p, s)")
 */
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/special_relations_simplifier.h b/src/tactic/core/special_relations_simplifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..839b7279b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tactic/core/special_relations_simplifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    special_relations_simplifier.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Detect special relations in an axiomatization,
+    rewrite goal using special relations.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2019-03-28
+
+Notes:
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ast/simplifiers/dependent_expr_state.h"
+#include "ast/special_relations_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/pattern/expr_pattern_match.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/func_decl_replace.h"
+#include "ast/ast_util.h"
+
+class special_relations_simplifier : public dependent_expr_simplifier {
+    expr_pattern_match      m_pm;
+    svector<sr_property>    m_properties;
+
+    struct sp_axioms {
+        unsigned_vector m_formula_indices;
+        sr_property     m_sp_features;
+        sp_axioms() : m_sp_features(sr_none) {}
+    };
+
+    obj_map<func_decl, sp_axioms> m_detected_relations;
+
+    void initialize() {
+        if (!m_properties.empty()) return;
+        sort_ref A(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("A")), m);
+        func_decl_ref R(m.mk_func_decl(symbol("?R"), A, A, m.mk_bool_sort()), m);
+        var_ref x(m.mk_var(0, A), m);
+        var_ref y(m.mk_var(1, A), m);
+        var_ref z(m.mk_var(2, A), m);
+        expr* _x = x, *_y = y, *_z = z;
+
+        expr_ref Rxy(m.mk_app(R, _x, _y), m);
+        expr_ref Ryz(m.mk_app(R, _y, _z), m);
+        expr_ref Rxz(m.mk_app(R, _x, _z), m);
+        expr_ref Rxx(m.mk_app(R, _x, _x), m);
+        expr_ref Ryx(m.mk_app(R, _y, _x), m);
+        expr_ref Rzy(m.mk_app(R, _z, _y), m);
+        expr_ref Rzx(m.mk_app(R, _z, _x), m);
+        expr_ref nRxy(m.mk_not(Rxy), m);
+        expr_ref nRyx(m.mk_not(Ryx), m);
+        expr_ref nRzx(m.mk_not(Rzx), m);
+        expr_ref nRxz(m.mk_not(Rxz), m);
+
+        sort* As[3] = { A, A, A };
+        symbol xyz[3] = { symbol("x"), symbol("y"), symbol("z") };
+        expr_ref fml(m);
+        quantifier_ref q(m);
+        expr_ref pat(m.mk_pattern(to_app(Rxy)), m);
+        expr_ref pat0(m.mk_pattern(to_app(Rxx)), m);
+        expr* pats[1]  = { pat };
+        expr* pats0[1] = { pat0 };
+
+        fml = m.mk_or(m.mk_not(Rxy), m.mk_not(Ryz), Rxz);
+        q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_transitive);
+        fml = m.mk_or(mk_not(Rxy & Ryz), Rxz);
+        q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_transitive);
+
+        fml = Rxx;
+        q = m.mk_forall(1, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats0);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_reflexive);
+
+        fml = m.mk_or(nRxy, nRyx, m.mk_eq(x, y));
+        q = m.mk_forall(2, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_antisymmetric);
+        fml = m.mk_or(mk_not(Rxy & Ryx), m.mk_eq(x, y));
+        q = m.mk_forall(2, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_antisymmetric);
+
+        fml = m.mk_or(nRyx, nRzx, Ryz, Rzy);
+        q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_lefttree);
+        fml = m.mk_or(mk_not(Ryx & Rzx), Ryz, Rzy);
+        q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_lefttree);
+
+        fml = m.mk_or(nRxy, nRxz, Ryz, Rzy);
+        q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_righttree);
+        fml = m.mk_or(mk_not(Rxy & Rxz), Ryz, Rzy);
+        q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_righttree);
+
+        fml = m.mk_or(Rxy, Ryx);
+        q = m.mk_forall(2, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
+        register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_total);
+
+        TRACE(special_relations, m_pm.display(tout););
+    }
+
+    void register_pattern(unsigned index, sr_property p) {
+        SASSERT(index == m_properties.size());
+        m_properties.push_back(p);
+    }
+
+    void insert(func_decl* f, unsigned idx, sr_property p) {
+        sp_axioms ax;
+        m_detected_relations.find(f, ax);
+        ax.m_formula_indices.push_back(idx);
+        ax.m_sp_features = (sr_property)(p | ax.m_sp_features);
+        m_detected_relations.insert(f, ax);
+    }
+
+    void collect_feature(unsigned idx, expr* f) {
+        if (!is_quantifier(f)) return;
+        unsigned index = 0;
+        app_ref_vector patterns(m);
+        bool is_match = m_pm.match_quantifier_index(to_quantifier(f), patterns, index);
+        TRACE(special_relations, tout << "check " << is_match << " " << mk_pp(f, m) << "\n";
+              if (is_match) tout << patterns << " " << index << "\n";);
+        if (is_match) {
+            func_decl* p = to_app(patterns.get(0)->get_arg(0))->get_decl();
+            insert(p, idx, m_properties[index]);
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    special_relations_simplifier(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p, dependent_expr_state& s)
+        : dependent_expr_simplifier(m, s), m_pm(m) {}
+
+    char const* name() const override { return "special-relations"; }
+
+    void reduce() override {
+        initialize();
+        m_detected_relations.reset();
+
+        // Phase 1: scan all formulas to detect special relation axioms
+        for (unsigned idx : indices())
+            collect_feature(idx, m_fmls[idx].fml());
+
+        if (m_detected_relations.empty())
+            return;
+
+        // Phase 2: for each detected relation, create a special relation declaration
+        special_relations_util u(m);
+        func_decl_replace replace(m);
+        unsigned_vector to_delete;
+
+        for (auto const& kv : m_detected_relations) {
+            sr_property feature = kv.m_value.m_sp_features;
+            switch (feature) {
+            case sr_po:
+                replace.insert(kv.m_key, u.mk_po_decl(kv.m_key));
+                to_delete.append(kv.m_value.m_formula_indices);
+                break;
+            case sr_to:
+                replace.insert(kv.m_key, u.mk_to_decl(kv.m_key));
+                to_delete.append(kv.m_value.m_formula_indices);
+                break;
+            case sr_plo:
+                replace.insert(kv.m_key, u.mk_plo_decl(kv.m_key));
+                to_delete.append(kv.m_value.m_formula_indices);
+                break;
+            case sr_lo:
+                replace.insert(kv.m_key, u.mk_lo_decl(kv.m_key));
+                to_delete.append(kv.m_value.m_formula_indices);
+                break;
+            default:
+                TRACE(special_relations, tout << "unprocessed feature " << feature << "\n";);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (replace.empty())
+            return;
+
+        // Phase 3: replace function declarations across all formulas
+        for (unsigned idx : indices()) {
+            auto const& d = m_fmls[idx];
+            if (to_delete.contains(idx)) {
+                m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, m.mk_true(), nullptr, d.dep()));
+            }
+            else {
+                expr_ref new_fml = replace(d.fml());
+                if (new_fml != d.fml())
+                    m_fmls.update(idx, dependent_expr(m, new_fml, nullptr, d.dep()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.cpp
index b13aebbd44..278f0f5d38 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.cpp
@@ -18,164 +18,4 @@ Notes:
 
 --*/
 #include "tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.h"
-#include "ast/rewriter/func_decl_replace.h"
-#include "ast/ast_util.h"
-#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
-
-void special_relations_tactic::collect_feature(goal const& g, unsigned idx, 
-                                               obj_map<func_decl, sp_axioms>& goal_features) {
-    expr* f = g.form(idx);
-    func_decl_ref p(m);
-    if (!is_quantifier(f)) return;
-    unsigned index = 0;
-    app_ref_vector patterns(m);
-    bool is_match = m_pm.match_quantifier_index(to_quantifier(f), patterns, index);
-    TRACE(special_relations, tout << "check " << is_match << " " << mk_pp(f, m) << "\n";
-          if (is_match) tout << patterns << " " << index << "\n";);
-    if (is_match) {
-        p = to_app(patterns.get(0)->get_arg(0))->get_decl();
-        insert(goal_features, p, idx, m_properties[index]);
-    }
-}
-
-void special_relations_tactic::insert(obj_map<func_decl, sp_axioms>& goal_features, func_decl* f, unsigned idx, sr_property p) {
-    sp_axioms ax;
-    goal_features.find(f, ax);
-    ax.m_goal_indices.push_back(idx);
-    ax.m_sp_features = (sr_property)(p | ax.m_sp_features);
-    goal_features.insert(f, ax);
-}
-
-
-void special_relations_tactic::initialize() {
-    if (!m_properties.empty()) return;
-    sort_ref A(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("A")), m);
-    func_decl_ref R(m.mk_func_decl(symbol("?R"), A, A, m.mk_bool_sort()), m);
-    var_ref x(m.mk_var(0, A), m);
-    var_ref y(m.mk_var(1, A), m);
-    var_ref z(m.mk_var(2, A), m);
-    expr* _x = x, *_y = y, *_z = z;
-    
-    expr_ref Rxy(m.mk_app(R, _x, y), m);
-    expr_ref Ryz(m.mk_app(R, _y, z), m);
-    expr_ref Rxz(m.mk_app(R, _x, z), m);
-    expr_ref Rxx(m.mk_app(R, _x, x), m);
-    expr_ref Ryx(m.mk_app(R, _y, x), m);
-    expr_ref Rzy(m.mk_app(R, _z, y), m);
-    expr_ref Rzx(m.mk_app(R, _z, x), m);
-    expr_ref nRxy(m.mk_not(Rxy), m);
-    expr_ref nRyx(m.mk_not(Ryx), m);
-    expr_ref nRzx(m.mk_not(Rzx), m);
-    expr_ref nRxz(m.mk_not(Rxz), m);
-
-    sort* As[3] = { A, A, A};
-    symbol xyz[3] = { symbol("x"), symbol("y"), symbol("z") };
-    expr_ref fml(m);
-    quantifier_ref q(m);
-    expr_ref pat(m.mk_pattern(to_app(Rxy)), m);
-    expr_ref pat0(m.mk_pattern(to_app(Rxx)), m);
-    expr* pats[1] = { pat };
-    expr* pats0[1] = { pat0 };
-
-    fml = m.mk_or(m.mk_not(Rxy), m.mk_not(Ryz), Rxz);
-    q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_transitive);
-    fml = m.mk_or(mk_not(Rxy & Ryz), Rxz);
-    q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_transitive);
-
-    fml = Rxx;
-    q = m.mk_forall(1, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats0);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_reflexive);
-
-    fml = m.mk_or(nRxy, nRyx, m.mk_eq(x, y));
-    q = m.mk_forall(2, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_antisymmetric);
-    fml = m.mk_or(mk_not(Rxy & Ryx), m.mk_eq(x, y));
-    q = m.mk_forall(2, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_antisymmetric);
-
-    fml = m.mk_or(nRyx, nRzx, Ryz, Rzy);
-    q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_lefttree);
-    fml = m.mk_or(mk_not (Ryx & Rzx), Ryz, Rzy);
-    q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_lefttree);
-
-    fml = m.mk_or(nRxy, nRxz, Ryz, Rzy);
-    q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_righttree);
-    fml = m.mk_or(mk_not(Rxy & Rxz), Ryz, Rzy);
-    q = m.mk_forall(3, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_righttree);
-
-    fml = m.mk_or(Rxy, Ryx);
-    q = m.mk_forall(2, As, xyz, fml, 0, symbol::null, symbol::null, 1, pats);
-    register_pattern(m_pm.initialize(q), sr_total);   
-
-    TRACE(special_relations, m_pm.display(tout););
-}
-
-void special_relations_tactic::register_pattern(unsigned index, sr_property p) {
-    SASSERT(index == m_properties.size());
-    m_properties.push_back(p);
-}
-
-
-    
-void special_relations_tactic::operator()(goal_ref const & g, goal_ref_buffer & result) {
-    tactic_report report("special_relations", *g);
-    initialize();
-    obj_map<func_decl, sp_axioms> goal_features;
-    unsigned size = g->size();
-    for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < size; ++idx) {
-        collect_feature(*g, idx, goal_features);
-    }
-    special_relations_util u(m);
-    func_decl_replace replace(m);
-    unsigned_vector to_delete;
-    for(auto const& kv : goal_features) {
-        sr_property feature = kv.m_value.m_sp_features;
-        switch (feature) {
-        case sr_po:
-            replace.insert(kv.m_key, u.mk_po_decl(kv.m_key)); 
-            to_delete.append(kv.m_value.m_goal_indices);
-            break;
-        case sr_to:
-            replace.insert(kv.m_key, u.mk_to_decl(kv.m_key));                
-            to_delete.append(kv.m_value.m_goal_indices);
-            break;
-        case sr_plo:
-            replace.insert(kv.m_key, u.mk_plo_decl(kv.m_key));                
-            to_delete.append(kv.m_value.m_goal_indices);
-            break;
-        case sr_lo:
-            replace.insert(kv.m_key, u.mk_lo_decl(kv.m_key));                
-            to_delete.append(kv.m_value.m_goal_indices);
-            break;
-        default:
-            TRACE(special_relations, tout << "unprocessed feature " << feature << "\n";);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (!replace.empty()) {
-        for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < size; ++idx) {
-            if (to_delete.contains(idx)) {
-                g->update(idx, m.mk_true());
-            }
-            else {
-                expr_ref new_f = replace(g->form(idx));
-                g->update(idx, new_f);
-            }
-        }
-        g->elim_true();
-    }
-
-    g->inc_depth();
-    result.push_back(g.get());
-}
-    
-tactic * mk_special_relations_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
-    return alloc(special_relations_tactic, m, p);
-}
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.h b/src/tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.h
index 85fa8ed248..7e0e881054 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.h
+++ b/src/tactic/core/special_relations_tactic.h
@@ -20,51 +20,18 @@ Notes:
 #pragma once
 
 #include "tactic/tactic.h"
-#include "tactic/tactical.h"
-#include "ast/special_relations_decl_plugin.h"
-#include "ast/pattern/expr_pattern_match.h"
-
-class special_relations_tactic : public tactic {
-    ast_manager& m;
-    params_ref m_params;
-    expr_pattern_match m_pm;
-    svector<sr_property> m_properties;
-    
-    struct sp_axioms {
-        unsigned_vector m_goal_indices;
-        sr_property     m_sp_features;
-        sp_axioms():m_sp_features(sr_none) {}
-    };
-
-    void collect_feature(goal const& g, unsigned idx, obj_map<func_decl, sp_axioms>& goal_features);
-    void insert(obj_map<func_decl, sp_axioms>& goal_features, func_decl* f, unsigned idx, sr_property p);
-
-    void initialize();
-    void register_pattern(unsigned index, sr_property);
-
-public:
-
-    special_relations_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & ref = params_ref()): 
-        m(m), m_params(ref), m_pm(m) {}
-
-    void updt_params(params_ref const & p) override { m_params.append(p); }
-    
-    void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override { }
-    
-    void operator()(goal_ref const & in, goal_ref_buffer & result) override;
-    
-    void cleanup() override {}
-
-    tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override { return alloc(special_relations_tactic, m, m_params); }
-
-    char const* name() const override { return "special_relations"; }
-
-};
-
-tactic * mk_special_relations_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p = params_ref());
+#include "tactic/dependent_expr_state_tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/core/special_relations_simplifier.h"
 
+inline tactic* mk_special_relations_tactic(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p = params_ref()) {
+    return alloc(dependent_expr_state_tactic, m, p,
+        [](auto& m, auto& p, auto& s) -> dependent_expr_simplifier* {
+            return alloc(special_relations_simplifier, m, p, s);
+        });
+}
 
 /*
   ADD_TACTIC("special-relations", "detect and replace by special relations.", "mk_special_relations_tactic(m, p)")
+  ADD_SIMPLIFIER("special-relations", "detect and replace by special relations.", "alloc(special_relations_simplifier, m, p, s)")
 */
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/core/symmetry_reduce_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/core/symmetry_reduce_tactic.cpp
index c05116c0a1..194388bde8 100644
--- a/src/tactic/core/symmetry_reduce_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/core/symmetry_reduce_tactic.cpp
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ private:
     }
 
     typedef hashtable<unsigned, u_hash, u_eq> uint_set;
-    typedef obj_map<app, uint_set*> app_siblings;;
+    typedef obj_map<app, uint_set*> app_siblings;
 
     class siblings {
         app_map const& m_colors;
diff --git a/src/tactic/fd_solver/bounded_int2bv_solver.cpp b/src/tactic/fd_solver/bounded_int2bv_solver.cpp
index 8ef39d0af4..26b57032bc 100644
--- a/src/tactic/fd_solver/bounded_int2bv_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/fd_solver/bounded_int2bv_solver.cpp
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public:
     void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override { m_solver->collect_param_descrs(r); }
     void set_produce_models(bool f) override { m_solver->set_produce_models(f); }
     void set_progress_callback(progress_callback * callback) override { m_solver->set_progress_callback(callback);  }
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override { m_solver->collect_statistics(st); }
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override { m_solver->collect_statistics(st); }
     void get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector & r) override { m_solver->get_unsat_core(r); }
     void set_phase(expr* e) override { m_solver->set_phase(e); }
     phase* get_phase() override { return m_solver->get_phase(); }
@@ -179,6 +179,21 @@ public:
         return m_solver->get_trail(max_level);
     }
 
+    void setup_for_parallel() override { m_solver->setup_for_parallel(); }
+    void set_max_conflicts(unsigned c) override { m_solver->set_max_conflicts(c); }
+    unsigned get_max_conflicts() const override { return m_solver->get_max_conflicts(); }
+    expr_ref_vector get_assigned_literals() override { return m_solver->get_assigned_literals(); }
+    unsigned get_assign_level(expr* e) const override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->get_assign_level(e); }
+    bool is_relevant(expr* e) const override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->is_relevant(e); }
+    unsigned get_num_bool_vars() const override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->get_num_bool_vars(); }
+    sat::bool_var get_bool_var(expr* e) const override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->get_bool_var(e); }
+    expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->bool_var2expr(v); }
+    lbool get_assignment(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->get_assignment(v); }
+    double get_activity(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->get_activity(v); }
+    bool was_eliminated(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->was_eliminated(v); }
+    expr_ref cube_vsids(expr_ref_vector const& invalid_split_atoms) override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->cube_vsids(invalid_split_atoms); }
+    void get_backbone_candidates(vector<scored_literal>& candidates, unsigned max_num) override { flush_assertions(); m_solver->get_backbone_candidates(candidates, max_num); }
+
     model_converter* external_model_converter() const {
         return concat(mc0(), local_model_converter());
     }
diff --git a/src/tactic/fd_solver/enum2bv_solver.cpp b/src/tactic/fd_solver/enum2bv_solver.cpp
index 061f670101..55cdddd53a 100644
--- a/src/tactic/fd_solver/enum2bv_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/fd_solver/enum2bv_solver.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public:
     void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override { m_solver->collect_param_descrs(r); }    
     void set_produce_models(bool f) override { m_solver->set_produce_models(f); }
     void set_progress_callback(progress_callback * callback) override { m_solver->set_progress_callback(callback);  }
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override { m_solver->collect_statistics(st); }
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override { m_solver->collect_statistics(st); }
     void get_unsat_core(expr_ref_vector & r) override { m_solver->get_unsat_core(r); }
     void set_phase(expr* e) override { m_solver->set_phase(e); }
     phase* get_phase() override { return m_solver->get_phase(); }
@@ -195,6 +195,21 @@ public:
         return m_solver->get_trail(max_level);
     }
 
+    void setup_for_parallel() override { m_solver->setup_for_parallel(); }
+    void set_max_conflicts(unsigned c) override { m_solver->set_max_conflicts(c); }
+    unsigned get_max_conflicts() const override { return m_solver->get_max_conflicts(); }
+    expr_ref_vector get_assigned_literals() override { return m_solver->get_assigned_literals(); }
+    unsigned get_assign_level(expr* e) const override { return m_solver->get_assign_level(e); }
+    bool is_relevant(expr* e) const override { return m_solver->is_relevant(e); }
+    unsigned get_num_bool_vars() const override { return m_solver->get_num_bool_vars(); }
+    sat::bool_var get_bool_var(expr* e) const override { return m_solver->get_bool_var(e); }
+    expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->bool_var2expr(v); }
+    lbool get_assignment(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->get_assignment(v); }
+    double get_activity(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->get_activity(v); }
+    bool was_eliminated(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->was_eliminated(v); }
+    expr_ref cube_vsids(expr_ref_vector const& invalid_split_atoms) override { return m_solver->cube_vsids(invalid_split_atoms); }
+    void get_backbone_candidates(vector<scored_literal>& candidates, unsigned max_num) override { m_solver->get_backbone_candidates(candidates, max_num); }
+
     unsigned get_num_assertions() const override {
         return m_solver->get_num_assertions();
     }
diff --git a/src/tactic/fd_solver/pb2bv_solver.cpp b/src/tactic/fd_solver/pb2bv_solver.cpp
index 7bc0f27dd7..8b7803d295 100644
--- a/src/tactic/fd_solver/pb2bv_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/fd_solver/pb2bv_solver.cpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public:
     void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) override { m_solver->collect_param_descrs(r); m_rewriter.collect_param_descrs(r);}    
     void set_produce_models(bool f) override { m_solver->set_produce_models(f); }
     void set_progress_callback(progress_callback * callback) override { m_solver->set_progress_callback(callback);  }
-    void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override { 
+    void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override { 
         m_rewriter.collect_statistics(st);
         m_solver->collect_statistics(st); 
     }
@@ -107,6 +107,21 @@ public:
         return m_solver->get_trail(max_level);
     }
 
+    void setup_for_parallel() override { m_solver->setup_for_parallel(); }
+    void set_max_conflicts(unsigned c) override { m_solver->set_max_conflicts(c); }
+    unsigned get_max_conflicts() const override { return m_solver->get_max_conflicts(); }
+    expr_ref_vector get_assigned_literals() override { return m_solver->get_assigned_literals(); }
+    unsigned get_assign_level(expr* e) const override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->get_assign_level(e); }
+    bool is_relevant(expr* e) const override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->is_relevant(e); }
+    unsigned get_num_bool_vars() const override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->get_num_bool_vars(); }
+    sat::bool_var get_bool_var(expr* e) const override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->get_bool_var(e); }
+    expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->bool_var2expr(v); }
+    lbool get_assignment(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->get_assignment(v); }
+    double get_activity(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->get_activity(v); }
+    bool was_eliminated(sat::bool_var v) const override { return m_solver->was_eliminated(v); }
+    expr_ref cube_vsids(expr_ref_vector const& invalid_split_atoms) override { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->cube_vsids(invalid_split_atoms); }
+    void get_backbone_candidates(vector<scored_literal>& candidates, unsigned max_num) override { flush_assertions(); m_solver->get_backbone_candidates(candidates, max_num); }
+
     model_converter* external_model_converter() const{
         return concat(mc0(), local_model_converter());
     }
diff --git a/src/tactic/fd_solver/smtfd_solver.cpp b/src/tactic/fd_solver/smtfd_solver.cpp
index 8b765a04e6..d20d5b706a 100644
--- a/src/tactic/fd_solver/smtfd_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/fd_solver/smtfd_solver.cpp
@@ -2032,7 +2032,7 @@ namespace smtfd {
 
         void set_produce_models(bool f) override { }
         void set_progress_callback(progress_callback * callback) override { }
-        void collect_statistics(statistics & st) const override {
+        void collect_statistics_core(statistics & st) const override {
             if (m_fd_sat_solver) {
                 m_fd_sat_solver->collect_statistics(st); 
                 m_fd_core_solver->collect_statistics(st); 
diff --git a/src/tactic/portfolio/smt_strategic_solver.cpp b/src/tactic/portfolio/smt_strategic_solver.cpp
index ffd6450b3a..c60a924754 100644
--- a/src/tactic/portfolio/smt_strategic_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/portfolio/smt_strategic_solver.cpp
@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ Notes:
 #include "sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.h"
 #include "sat/sat_solver/sat_smt_solver.h"
 #include "ast/rewriter/bv_rewriter.h"
-#include "solver/solver2tactic.h"
-#include "solver/parallel_tactical.h"
 #include "solver/parallel_params.hpp"
 #include "params/tactic_params.hpp"
 #include "parsers/smt2/smt2parser.h"
diff --git a/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfaufbv_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfaufbv_tactic.cpp
index acad15fd67..216214e883 100644
--- a/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfaufbv_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfaufbv_tactic.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "tactic/core/elim_uncnstr_tactic.h"
 #include "tactic/bv/max_bv_sharing_tactic.h"
 #include "tactic/bv/bv_size_reduction_tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/bv/bv_divrem_bounds_tactic.h"
 #include "tactic/core/ctx_simplify_tactic.h"
 #include "tactic/smtlogics/qfbv_tactic.h"
 #include "tactic/smtlogics/smt_tactic.h"
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ static tactic * mk_qfaufbv_preamble(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
                     mk_propagate_values_tactic(m),
                     mk_solve_eqs_tactic(m),
                     mk_elim_uncnstr_tactic(m),
+                    mk_bv_divrem_bounds_tactic(m),
                     // sound to use? if_no_proofs(if_no_unsat_cores(mk_reduce_args_tactic(m))),
                     if_no_proofs(if_no_unsat_cores(mk_bv_size_reduction_tactic(m))),
                     using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), simp2_p),
diff --git a/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfbv_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfbv_tactic.cpp
index 07784eb3b5..5fe94e1f16 100644
--- a/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfbv_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfbv_tactic.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Notes:
 #include "tactic/bv/bv1_blaster_tactic.h"
 #include "tactic/bv/max_bv_sharing_tactic.h"
 #include "tactic/bv/bv_size_reduction_tactic.h"
+#include "tactic/bv/bv_divrem_bounds_tactic.h"
 #include "tactic/aig/aig_tactic.h"
 #include "sat/tactic/sat_tactic.h"
 #include "sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.h"
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ static tactic * mk_qfbv_preamble(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) {
             using_params(mk_propagate_values_tactic(m), flat_and_or_p),
             using_params(mk_solve_eqs_tactic(m), solve_eq_p),
             mk_elim_uncnstr_tactic(m),
+            mk_bv_divrem_bounds_tactic(m),
             if_no_proofs(if_no_unsat_cores(mk_bv_size_reduction_tactic(m))),
             using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), simp2_p),
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/smtlogics/qflia_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/smtlogics/qflia_tactic.cpp
index e728a33ac2..294df6f581 100644
--- a/src/tactic/smtlogics/qflia_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/smtlogics/qflia_tactic.cpp
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ tactic * mk_preamble_tactic(ast_manager& m) {
             using_params(mk_ctx_simplify_tactic(m), ctx_simp_p),
             using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), pull_ite_p),
             mk_solve_eqs_tactic(m),
-            mk_lia2card_tactic(m, lia2card_p),
+            using_params(mk_lia2card_tactic(m), lia2card_p),
             mk_elim_uncnstr_tactic(m));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfnia_tactic.cpp b/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfnia_tactic.cpp
index 25dc34d9c5..d17167f754 100644
--- a/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfnia_tactic.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/smtlogics/qfnia_tactic.cpp
@@ -71,14 +71,22 @@ static tactic * mk_qfnia_preamble(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p_ref) {
 
     params_ref elim_p = p_ref;
     elim_p.set_uint("max_memory",20);
-    
+
+    // Match the throttle applied in mk_preamble_tactic (qflia_tactic.cpp):
+    // lia2card is by default harmful (see commit 99cbfa715). Limit it to
+    // 0-1 integer variables.
+    params_ref lia2card_p = p_ref;
+    lia2card_p.set_uint("lia2card.max_range", 1);
+    lia2card_p.set_uint("lia2card.max_ite_nesting", 1);
+
     return
-        and_then(mk_simplify_tactic(m), 
-                 mk_propagate_values_tactic(m),
+        and_then(mk_simplify_tactic(m),
+                 mk_propagate_values_tactic(m), 
+                 mk_solve_eqs_tactic(m),
                  using_params(mk_ctx_simplify_tactic(m), ctx_simp_p),
                  using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), pull_ite_p),
                  mk_elim_uncnstr_tactic(m),
-                 mk_lia2card_tactic(m), 
+                 using_params(mk_lia2card_tactic(m, lia2card_p), lia2card_p),
 			     mk_card2bv_tactic(m, p_ref),
                  skip_if_failed(using_params(mk_cofactor_term_ite_tactic(m), elim_p)));
 }
@@ -89,7 +97,8 @@ static tactic * mk_qfnia_sat_solver(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
     params_ref simp_p = p;
     simp_p.set_bool("hoist_mul", true); // hoist multipliers to create smaller circuits.
 
-    return and_then(using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), simp_p),
+    return and_then(mk_report_verbose_tactic("(qfnia-sat)", 2),
+                    using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), simp_p),
                     mk_nla2bv_tactic(m, nia2sat_p),
                     skip_if_failed(mk_qfnia_bv_solver(m, p)),
                     mk_fail_if_undecided_tactic());
@@ -100,7 +109,8 @@ static tactic * mk_qfnia_nlsat_solver(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
     simp_p.set_bool("som", true); // expand into sums of monomials
     simp_p.set_bool("factor", false);
 
-    return and_then(using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), simp_p),
+    return and_then(mk_report_verbose_tactic("(qfnia-nlsat)", 2),
+                    using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), simp_p),
                     try_for(mk_qfnra_nlsat_tactic(m, simp_p), 3000),
                     mk_fail_if_undecided_tactic());
 }
@@ -108,14 +118,14 @@ static tactic * mk_qfnia_nlsat_solver(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
 static tactic * mk_qfnia_smt_solver(ast_manager& m, params_ref const& p) {
     params_ref simp_p = p;
     simp_p.set_bool("som", true); // expand into sums of monomials
-    return and_then(
+    return and_then(mk_report_verbose_tactic("(qfnia-smt)", 2),
         using_params(mk_simplify_tactic(m), simp_p), 
         mk_smt_tactic(m));
 }
 
 tactic * mk_qfnia_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
     return and_then(
-        mk_report_verbose_tactic("(qfnia-tactic)", 10),
+        mk_report_verbose_tactic("(qfnia-tactic)", 2),
         mk_qfnia_preamble(m, p),
         or_else(mk_qfnia_sat_solver(m, p),
                 try_for(mk_qfnia_smt_solver(m, p), 2000),
diff --git a/src/tactic/tactical.cpp b/src/tactic/tactical.cpp
index 148873c03d..d91ae3192a 100644
--- a/src/tactic/tactical.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/tactical.cpp
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ public:
             result.reset(); // assumes in is not strenthened to one of the branches
             throw tactic_exception("failed-if-branching tactical");
         }
-    };    
+    }    
 
     tactic * translate(ast_manager & m) override { 
         tactic * new_t = m_t->translate(m);
@@ -1056,7 +1056,16 @@ public:
         cancel_eh<reslimit> eh(in->m().limit());
         { 
             scoped_timer timer(m_timeout, &eh);
-            m_t->operator()(in, result);            
+            try {
+                m_t->operator()(in, result);
+            } catch (z3_error &ex) {
+                throw ex;
+            } catch (tactic_exception &) {
+                throw;
+            } catch (z3_exception &ex) {
+                // convert all Z3 exceptions into tactic exceptions.
+                throw tactic_exception(ex.what());
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/CMakeLists.txt b/src/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 77cf2f6fd1..4563752812 100644
--- a/src/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ foreach (component ${z3_test_expanded_deps})
 endforeach()
 add_executable(test-z3
   EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+  ackermannize.cpp
   algebraic.cpp
   algebraic_numbers.cpp
   api_ast_map.cpp
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ add_executable(test-z3
   api_datalog.cpp
   parametric_datatype.cpp
   arith_rewriter.cpp
+  seq_rewriter.cpp
   arith_simplifier_plugin.cpp
   ast.cpp
   bdd.cpp
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ add_executable(test-z3
   cube_clause.cpp
   datalog_parser.cpp
   ddnf.cpp
+  deep_api_bugs.cpp
   diff_logic.cpp
   distribution.cpp
   dl_context.cpp
@@ -55,6 +58,9 @@ add_executable(test-z3
   expr_substitution.cpp
   ext_numeral.cpp
   f2n.cpp
+  finite_set.cpp
+  finite_set_rewriter.cpp
+  fpa.cpp
   factor_rewriter.cpp
   finder.cpp
   fixed_bit_vector.cpp
@@ -74,6 +80,7 @@ add_executable(test-z3
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/install_tactic.cpp"
   interval.cpp
   karr.cpp
+  lcube.cpp
   list.cpp
   main.cpp
   map.cpp
@@ -82,6 +89,7 @@ add_executable(test-z3
   memory.cpp
   model2expr.cpp
   model_based_opt.cpp
+  mod_factor.cpp
   model_evaluator.cpp
   model_retrieval.cpp
   monomial_bounds.cpp
@@ -107,14 +115,19 @@ add_executable(test-z3
   polynomial_factorization.cpp
   polynorm.cpp
   prime_generator.cpp
+  psmt.cpp
+  seq_regex_bisim.cpp
   proof_checker.cpp
   qe_arith.cpp
+  mbp_qel.cpp
   quant_elim.cpp
   quant_solve.cpp
   random.cpp
+  range_predicate.cpp
   rational.cpp
   rcf.cpp
   region.cpp
+  regex_range_collapse.cpp
   sat_local_search.cpp
   sat_lookahead.cpp
   sat_user_scope.cpp
@@ -125,6 +138,7 @@ add_executable(test-z3
   simplifier.cpp
   sls_test.cpp
   sls_seq_plugin.cpp
+  seq_split.cpp
   small_object_allocator.cpp
   smt2print_parse.cpp
   smt_context.cpp
@@ -136,9 +150,11 @@ add_executable(test-z3
   symbol.cpp
   symbol_table.cpp
   tbv.cpp
+  term_enumeration.cpp
   theory_dl.cpp
   theory_pb.cpp
   timeout.cpp
+  tptp.cpp
   total_order.cpp
   totalizer.cpp
   trigo.cpp
@@ -157,12 +173,11 @@ add_executable(test-z3
 z3_add_install_tactic_rule(${z3_test_deps})
 z3_add_memory_initializer_rule(${z3_test_deps})
 z3_add_gparams_register_modules_rule(${z3_test_deps})
-target_compile_definitions(test-z3 PRIVATE ${Z3_COMPONENT_CXX_DEFINES})
+target_compile_definitions(test-z3 PRIVATE
+  ${Z3_COMPONENT_CXX_DEFINES}
+)
 target_compile_options(test-z3 PRIVATE ${Z3_COMPONENT_CXX_FLAGS})
 target_link_libraries(test-z3 PRIVATE ${Z3_DEPENDENT_LIBS})
 target_include_directories(test-z3 PRIVATE ${Z3_COMPONENT_EXTRA_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 z3_append_linker_flag_list_to_target(test-z3 ${Z3_DEPENDENT_EXTRA_CXX_LINK_FLAGS})
 z3_add_component_dependencies_to_target(test-z3 ${z3_test_expanded_deps})
-
-
-
diff --git a/src/test/ackermannize.cpp b/src/test/ackermannize.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10a415bf80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ackermannize.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    ackermannize.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Tests for the ackermannization module.
+    Covers: ackermannize_bv_tactic, lackr::mk_ackermann,
+            ackr_bound_probe, and ackr_model_converter.
+
+Author:
+
+    Test Coverage
+
+Notes:
+
+--*/
+#include "api/z3.h"
+#include "util/trace.h"
+#include "util/debug.h"
+
+//
+// Test that the ackermannize_bv tactic runs correctly on a BV formula with
+// uninterpreted function applications.  Two applications of the same function
+// are required so that at least one Ackermann congruence lemma is generated.
+// This exercises the loop in ackermannize_bv_tactic.cpp (off-by-one guard) and
+// the negated-condition guard that controls whether the result is returned.
+//
+static void test_ackermannize_bv_basic() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort bv8 = Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx, 8);
+    Z3_func_decl f = Z3_mk_func_decl(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "f"), 1, &bv8, bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast a = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), bv8);
+    Z3_ast b = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "b"), bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast fa = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &a);
+    Z3_ast fb = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &b);
+
+    // Formula: a = b AND f(a) != f(b).  This is UNSAT (by functional congruence).
+    Z3_ast eq_ab    = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, a, b);
+    Z3_ast neq_fab  = Z3_mk_not(ctx, Z3_mk_eq(ctx, fa, fb));
+    Z3_ast args[2]  = { eq_ab, neq_fab };
+    Z3_ast formula  = Z3_mk_and(ctx, 2, args);
+
+    // Create a goal with models enabled and assert the formula.
+    Z3_goal g = Z3_mk_goal(ctx, true, false, false);
+    Z3_goal_inc_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_goal_assert(ctx, g, formula);
+    unsigned input_size = Z3_goal_size(ctx, g);
+
+    // Apply the ackermannize_bv tactic.
+    Z3_tactic t = Z3_mk_tactic(ctx, "ackermannize_bv");
+    Z3_tactic_inc_ref(ctx, t);
+    Z3_apply_result ar = Z3_tactic_apply(ctx, t, g);
+    Z3_apply_result_inc_ref(ctx, ar);
+
+    // The tactic must produce exactly one subgoal.
+    unsigned num_subgoals = Z3_apply_result_get_num_subgoals(ctx, ar);
+    ENSURE(num_subgoals == 1);
+
+    // The resulting goal must contain more formulas than the input because the
+    // tactic adds Ackermann congruence lemmas.  If the negated-condition mutation
+    // is present (success path returns original unchanged) the sizes would be equal.
+    Z3_goal rg = Z3_apply_result_get_subgoal(ctx, ar, 0);
+    ENSURE(Z3_goal_size(ctx, rg) > input_size);
+
+    Z3_apply_result_dec_ref(ctx, ar);
+    Z3_tactic_dec_ref(ctx, t);
+    Z3_goal_dec_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+//
+// Test that setting div0_ackermann_limit to 0 causes lackr::mk_ackermann to
+// return false, so the tactic passes through the original formula unchanged.
+// This exercises the "lemmas_upper_bound <= 0 → return false" guard in lackr.cpp.
+// If the wrong-return-value mutation is present (return true), the goal would be
+// processed differently and the size check below would be violated.
+//
+static void test_ackermannize_bv_zero_limit() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort bv8 = Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx, 8);
+    Z3_func_decl f = Z3_mk_func_decl(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "f"), 1, &bv8, bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast a = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), bv8);
+    Z3_ast b = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "b"), bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast fa = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &a);
+    Z3_ast fb = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &b);
+
+    Z3_ast eq_fab = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, fa, fb);
+
+    Z3_goal g = Z3_mk_goal(ctx, false, false, false);
+    Z3_goal_inc_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_goal_assert(ctx, g, eq_fab);
+    unsigned input_size = Z3_goal_size(ctx, g);
+
+    // Set div0_ackermann_limit = 0 so that mk_ackermann returns false immediately.
+    Z3_params p = Z3_mk_params(ctx);
+    Z3_params_inc_ref(ctx, p);
+    Z3_params_set_uint(ctx, p, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "div0_ackermann_limit"), 0);
+
+    Z3_tactic t = Z3_mk_tactic(ctx, "ackermannize_bv");
+    Z3_tactic_inc_ref(ctx, t);
+    Z3_apply_result ar = Z3_tactic_apply_ex(ctx, t, g, p);
+    Z3_apply_result_inc_ref(ctx, ar);
+
+    // With limit = 0 the tactic returns the input unchanged.
+    unsigned num_subgoals = Z3_apply_result_get_num_subgoals(ctx, ar);
+    ENSURE(num_subgoals == 1);
+    Z3_goal rg = Z3_apply_result_get_subgoal(ctx, ar, 0);
+
+    // The original goal must be returned unchanged (no Ackermann lemmas added).
+    ENSURE(Z3_goal_size(ctx, rg) == input_size);
+
+    Z3_apply_result_dec_ref(ctx, ar);
+    Z3_params_dec_ref(ctx, p);
+    Z3_tactic_dec_ref(ctx, t);
+    Z3_goal_dec_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+//
+// Test the ackr-bound-probe.  A formula with two applications of the same
+// uninterpreted function requires C(2,2)=1 Ackermann lemma.  The probe must
+// return a value >= 1.
+// This exercises the loop in ackr_bound_probe.cpp (off-by-one guard).
+//
+static void test_ackr_bound_probe() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort bv8 = Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx, 8);
+    Z3_func_decl f = Z3_mk_func_decl(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "f"), 1, &bv8, bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast a = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), bv8);
+    Z3_ast b = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "b"), bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast fa = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &a);
+    Z3_ast fb = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &b);
+
+    // One formula involving both f(a) and f(b).
+    Z3_ast eq_fab = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, fa, fb);
+
+    Z3_goal g = Z3_mk_goal(ctx, false, false, false);
+    Z3_goal_inc_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_goal_assert(ctx, g, eq_fab);
+
+    Z3_probe pr = Z3_mk_probe(ctx, "ackr-bound-probe");
+    Z3_probe_inc_ref(ctx, pr);
+
+    double bound = Z3_probe_apply(ctx, pr, g);
+    // Two occurrences of f → C(2,2) = 1 Ackermann lemma required.
+    ENSURE(bound >= 1.0);
+
+    Z3_probe_dec_ref(ctx, pr);
+    Z3_goal_dec_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+//
+// Test model extraction after ackermannization.  This exercises
+// ackr_model_converter::operator() which converts the abstract model produced
+// by the BV solver back to a model for the original formula (with UF).
+// The two null-pointer guards in ackr_model_converter.cpp are exercised here.
+//
+[[maybe_unused]] static void test_ackermannize_bv_model() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort bv8 = Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx, 8);
+    Z3_func_decl f = Z3_mk_func_decl(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "f"), 1, &bv8, bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast a = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), bv8);
+    Z3_ast b = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "b"), bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast fa = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &a);
+    Z3_ast fb = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &b);
+
+    // SAT formula: f(a) != f(b).  After ackermannization the model converter
+    // will be installed on the result goal.
+    Z3_ast formula = Z3_mk_not(ctx, Z3_mk_eq(ctx, fa, fb));
+
+    // Goal with models enabled so that the model converter is installed.
+    Z3_goal g = Z3_mk_goal(ctx, true, false, false);
+    Z3_goal_inc_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_goal_assert(ctx, g, formula);
+
+    Z3_tactic t = Z3_mk_tactic(ctx, "ackermannize_bv");
+    Z3_tactic_inc_ref(ctx, t);
+    Z3_apply_result ar = Z3_tactic_apply(ctx, t, g);
+    Z3_apply_result_inc_ref(ctx, ar);
+
+    ENSURE(Z3_apply_result_get_num_subgoals(ctx, ar) == 1);
+    Z3_goal rg = Z3_apply_result_get_subgoal(ctx, ar, 0);
+
+    // Verify the model converter was installed (models_enabled=true on input goal).
+    // The ackermannized subgoal should have more formulas than the one-formula input.
+    // Calling Z3_goal_convert_model with an empty model exercises the null-check
+    // guards on abstr_model (line 52) and md (line 54) in ackr_model_converter.cpp.
+    // The negated-condition mutations negate_b7a3a60d97 and negate_78a6d6f2f9 would
+    // cause a null-pointer dereference here if present.
+    Z3_model empty_m = Z3_mk_model(ctx);
+    Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, empty_m);
+    Z3_model converted = Z3_goal_convert_model(ctx, rg, empty_m);
+    // converted may be null if the model converter is not installed, but if
+    // it is installed and runs without crashing, we consider the test passed.
+    if (converted) Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, converted);
+    if (converted) Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, converted);
+    Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, empty_m);
+
+    Z3_apply_result_dec_ref(ctx, ar);
+    Z3_tactic_dec_ref(ctx, t);
+    Z3_goal_dec_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+//
+// Test ackermannize_bv on a formula with multiple assertions in the goal.
+// This exercises the loop in ackermannize_bv_tactic.cpp that collects all
+// formulas (the off-by-one mutation would crash here by reading past the end).
+//
+static void test_ackermannize_bv_multiple_assertions() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort bv8 = Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx, 8);
+    Z3_func_decl f = Z3_mk_func_decl(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "f"), 1, &bv8, bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast a = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), bv8);
+    Z3_ast b = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "b"), bv8);
+    Z3_ast c = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "c"), bv8);
+
+    Z3_ast fa = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &a);
+    Z3_ast fb = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &b);
+    Z3_ast fc = Z3_mk_app(ctx, f, 1, &c);
+
+    // Three separate assertions with three UF applications.
+    Z3_ast f1 = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, fa, fb);
+    Z3_ast f2 = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, fb, fc);
+    Z3_ast f3 = Z3_mk_not(ctx, Z3_mk_eq(ctx, a, b));
+
+    Z3_goal g = Z3_mk_goal(ctx, false, false, false);
+    Z3_goal_inc_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_goal_assert(ctx, g, f1);
+    Z3_goal_assert(ctx, g, f2);
+    Z3_goal_assert(ctx, g, f3);
+    unsigned input_size = Z3_goal_size(ctx, g);  // 3
+
+    Z3_tactic t = Z3_mk_tactic(ctx, "ackermannize_bv");
+    Z3_tactic_inc_ref(ctx, t);
+    Z3_apply_result ar = Z3_tactic_apply(ctx, t, g);
+    Z3_apply_result_inc_ref(ctx, ar);
+
+    ENSURE(Z3_apply_result_get_num_subgoals(ctx, ar) == 1);
+    Z3_goal rg = Z3_apply_result_get_subgoal(ctx, ar, 0);
+    // With 3 UF applications, C(3,2)=3 Ackermann lemmas should be added.
+    ENSURE(Z3_goal_size(ctx, rg) > input_size);
+
+    Z3_apply_result_dec_ref(ctx, ar);
+    Z3_tactic_dec_ref(ctx, t);
+    Z3_goal_dec_ref(ctx, g);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+void tst_ackermannize() {
+    test_ackermannize_bv_basic();
+    test_ackermannize_bv_zero_limit();
+    test_ackr_bound_probe();
+    test_ackermannize_bv_multiple_assertions();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/algebraic_numbers.cpp b/src/test/algebraic_numbers.cpp
index aed5447140..9e4662359d 100644
--- a/src/test/algebraic_numbers.cpp
+++ b/src/test/algebraic_numbers.cpp
@@ -104,6 +104,48 @@ void test_algebraic_comparison() {
     VERIFY(!am.eq(a, b));     // 2 != 3
 }
 
+void test_algebraic_comparison_edge_case() {
+    std::cout << "test_algebraic_comparison edge case\n";
+
+    // Let p1 = 1073741837 x^2 - 576460758745874510 x - 16106127555
+    // Let p2 = p1 * (1073741837 x^2 - 576460759819616347 x -16106127555)
+    //        = 1152921532524134569 x^4 - 1237940069261339757601884309 x^3
+    //           + 332307006992839334837849081482577900 x^2 + 18569101038920096364028264635 x
+    //           + 259407344817930278025
+    // Compare a = root(p1, 1) in (-8, 0) and b = root(p2, 2) in (-15/2^29, -7/2^28)
+    // The two numbers are different (a < b), but very close, and both are roots of p2
+    
+    reslimit rl;
+    unsynch_mpq_manager qm;
+    anum_manager am(rl, qm);
+    manager m(rl, qm);
+    polynomial_ref x(m);
+    x = m.mk_polynomial(m.mk_var());
+
+    rational a0, a1, a2;
+    a0 = 161061;
+    a0 = (a0 * 100000) + 27555;
+    a1 = 576460758;
+    a1 = (a1 * 1000000000) + 745874510;
+    a2 = 10737;
+    a2 = (a2 * 100000) + 41837;
+
+    rational b1;
+    b1 = 576460759;
+    b1 = (b1 * 1000000000) + 819616347;
+    
+    polynomial_ref p1(m);
+    polynomial_ref p2(m);
+    p1 = ((a2*x*x) - (a1*x)) - a0;
+    p2 = p1 * (((a2*x*x) - (b1*x))  - a0);
+    
+    scoped_anum a(am), b(am);
+    am.mk_root(p1, 1, a);
+    am.mk_root(p2, 2, b);
+
+    VERIFY(!am.eq(a, b));
+}
+
 void test_algebraic_degree() {
     std::cout << "test_algebraic_degree\n";
     
@@ -158,6 +200,7 @@ void test_algebraic_numbers() {
     test_algebraic_basic_operations();
     test_algebraic_arithmetic();
     test_algebraic_comparison();
+    test_algebraic_comparison_edge_case();
     test_algebraic_degree();
     test_algebraic_signs();
 }
diff --git a/src/test/api.cpp b/src/test/api.cpp
index d047d28817..b1765fdd4a 100644
--- a/src/test/api.cpp
+++ b/src/test/api.cpp
@@ -81,6 +81,29 @@ void test_bvneg() {
         std::cout << r << "\n";
     }
 
+    {
+        Z3_sort bv1 = Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx, 1);
+        Z3_sort bv64 = Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx, 64);
+        Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_fresh_const(ctx, "x", bv1);
+        Z3_ast sx = Z3_mk_sign_ext(ctx, 63, x);
+        Z3_ast zero = Z3_mk_int64(ctx, 0, bv64);
+        Z3_ast minus_one = Z3_mk_int64(ctx, -1, bv64);
+        Z3_ast args[2] = { Z3_mk_eq(ctx, sx, zero), Z3_mk_eq(ctx, sx, minus_one) };
+        Z3_ast claim = Z3_mk_or(ctx, 2, args);
+
+        Z3_solver_push(ctx, s);
+        Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, Z3_mk_not(ctx, claim));
+        ENSURE(Z3_solver_check(ctx, s) == Z3_L_FALSE);
+        Z3_solver_pop(ctx, s, 1);
+
+        Z3_solver_push(ctx, s);
+        Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, Z3_mk_eq(ctx, sx, minus_one));
+        std::string smt2 = Z3_solver_to_string(ctx, s);
+        // Bit-vector numerals must print in canonical unsigned SMT2 form.
+        ENSURE(smt2.find("(_ bv-") == std::string::npos);
+        Z3_solver_pop(ctx, s, 1);
+    }
+
     Z3_solver_dec_ref(ctx, s);
     Z3_del_config(cfg);
     Z3_del_context(ctx);    
@@ -160,9 +183,438 @@ void test_optimize_translate() {
     Z3_del_context(ctx1);
 }
 
+void test_max_reg() {    
+    // BNH multi-objective optimization problem using Z3 Optimize C API.
+    // Mimics /tmp/bnh_z3.py: two objectives over a constrained 2D domain.
+    //   f1 = 4*x1^2 + 4*x2^2
+    //   f2 = (x1-5)^2 + (x2-5)^2
+    //   0 <= x1 <= 5, 0 <= x2 <= 3
+    //   C1: (x1-5)^2 + x2^2 <= 25
+    //   C2: (x1-8)^2 + (x2+3)^2 >= 7.7
+
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort real_sort = Z3_mk_real_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast x1 = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x1"), real_sort);
+    Z3_ast x2 = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x2"), real_sort);
+
+    auto mk_real = [&](int num, int den = 1) { return Z3_mk_real(ctx, num, den); };
+    auto mk_mul = [&](Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) { Z3_ast args[] = {a, b}; return Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, args); };
+    auto mk_add = [&](Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) { Z3_ast args[] = {a, b}; return Z3_mk_add(ctx, 2, args); };
+    auto mk_sub = [&](Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) { Z3_ast args[] = {a, b}; return Z3_mk_sub(ctx, 2, args); };
+    auto mk_sq = [&](Z3_ast a) { return mk_mul(a, a); };
+
+    // f1 = 4*x1^2 + 4*x2^2
+    Z3_ast f1 = mk_add(mk_mul(mk_real(4), mk_sq(x1)), mk_mul(mk_real(4), mk_sq(x2)));
+    // f2 = (x1-5)^2 + (x2-5)^2
+    Z3_ast f2 = mk_add(mk_sq(mk_sub(x1, mk_real(5))), mk_sq(mk_sub(x2, mk_real(5))));
+
+    // Helper: create optimize with BNH constraints and timeout
+    auto mk_max_reg = [&]() -> Z3_optimize {
+        Z3_optimize opt = Z3_mk_optimize(ctx);
+        Z3_optimize_inc_ref(ctx, opt);
+        // Set timeout to 5 seconds
+        Z3_params p = Z3_mk_params(ctx);
+        Z3_params_inc_ref(ctx, p);
+        Z3_params_set_uint(ctx, p, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "timeout"), 5000);
+        Z3_optimize_set_params(ctx, opt, p);
+        Z3_params_dec_ref(ctx, p);
+        // Add BNH constraints
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, x1, mk_real(0)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_le(ctx, x1, mk_real(5)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, x2, mk_real(0)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_le(ctx, x2, mk_real(3)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_le(ctx, mk_add(mk_sq(mk_sub(x1, mk_real(5))), mk_sq(x2)), mk_real(25)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, mk_add(mk_sq(mk_sub(x1, mk_real(8))), mk_sq(mk_add(x2, mk_real(3)))), mk_real(77, 10)));
+        return opt;
+    };
+
+    auto result_str = [](Z3_lbool r) { return r == Z3_L_TRUE ? "sat" : r == Z3_L_FALSE ? "unsat" : "unknown"; };
+
+    unsigned num_sat = 0;
+
+    // Approach 1: Minimize f1 (Python: opt.minimize(f1))
+    {
+        Z3_optimize opt = mk_max_reg();
+        Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, f1);
+        Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+        std::cout << "BNH min f1: " << result_str(result) << std::endl;
+        ENSURE(result == Z3_L_TRUE);
+        if (result == Z3_L_TRUE) {
+            Z3_model m = Z3_optimize_get_model(ctx, opt);
+            Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, m);
+            Z3_ast val; Z3_model_eval(ctx, m, f1, true, &val);
+            std::cout << "  f1=" << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, val) << std::endl;
+            Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, m);
+            num_sat++;
+        }
+        Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    }
+
+    // Approach 2: Minimize f2 (Python: opt2.minimize(f2))
+    {
+        Z3_optimize opt = mk_max_reg();
+        Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, f2);
+        Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+        std::cout << "BNH min f2: " << result_str(result) << std::endl;
+        ENSURE(result == Z3_L_TRUE);
+        if (result == Z3_L_TRUE) {
+            Z3_model m = Z3_optimize_get_model(ctx, opt);
+            Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, m);
+            Z3_ast val; Z3_model_eval(ctx, m, f2, true, &val);
+            std::cout << "  f2=" << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, val) << std::endl;
+            Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, m);
+            num_sat++;
+        }
+        Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    }
+
+    #if 0
+    // Approach 3: Weighted sum method (Python loop over weights)
+    int weights[][2] = {{1, 4}, {2, 3}, {1, 1}, {3, 2}, {4, 1}};
+    for (auto& w : weights) {
+        Z3_optimize opt = mk_max_reg();
+        Z3_ast weighted = mk_add(mk_mul(mk_real(w[0], 100), f1), mk_mul(mk_real(w[1], 100), f2));
+        Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, weighted);
+        Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+        std::cout << "BNH weighted (w1=" << w[0] << "/5, w2=" << w[1] << "/5): "
+                  << result_str(result) << std::endl;
+        ENSURE(result == Z3_L_TRUE);
+        if (result == Z3_L_TRUE) {
+            Z3_model m = Z3_optimize_get_model(ctx, opt);
+            Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, m);
+            Z3_ast v1, v2;
+            Z3_model_eval(ctx, m, f1, true, &v1);
+            Z3_model_eval(ctx, m, f2, true, &v2);
+            std::cout << "  f1=" << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, v1)
+                      << " f2=" << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, v2) << std::endl;
+            Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, m);
+            num_sat++;
+        }
+        Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    std::cout << "BNH: " << num_sat << "/2 optimizations returned sat" << std::endl;
+    ENSURE(num_sat == 2);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "BNH optimization test done" << std::endl;
+}
+
 void tst_api() {
     test_apps();
     test_bvneg();
     test_mk_distinct();
     test_optimize_translate();
 }
+
+void tst_max_reg() {
+    test_max_reg();
+}
+
+void test_max_rev() {
+    // Same as test_max_regimize but with reversed argument order in f1/f2 construction.
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort real_sort = Z3_mk_real_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast x1 = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x1"), real_sort);
+    Z3_ast x2 = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x2"), real_sort);
+
+    auto mk_real = [&](int num, int den = 1) { return Z3_mk_real(ctx, num, den); };
+    auto mk_mul = [&](Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) { Z3_ast args[] = {a, b}; return Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, args); };
+    auto mk_add = [&](Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) { Z3_ast args[] = {a, b}; return Z3_mk_add(ctx, 2, args); };
+    auto mk_sub = [&](Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) { Z3_ast args[] = {a, b}; return Z3_mk_sub(ctx, 2, args); };
+    auto mk_sq = [&](Z3_ast a) { return mk_mul(a, a); };
+
+    // f1 = 4*x2^2 + 4*x1^2  (reversed from: 4*x1^2 + 4*x2^2)
+    Z3_ast f1 = mk_add(mk_mul(mk_sq(x2), mk_real(4)), mk_mul(mk_sq(x1), mk_real(4)));
+    // f2 = (x2-5)^2 + (x1-5)^2  (reversed from: (x1-5)^2 + (x2-5)^2)
+    Z3_ast f2 = mk_add(mk_sq(mk_sub(mk_real(5), x2)), mk_sq(mk_sub(mk_real(5), x1)));
+
+    auto mk_max_reg = [&]() -> Z3_optimize {
+        Z3_optimize opt = Z3_mk_optimize(ctx);
+        Z3_optimize_inc_ref(ctx, opt);
+        Z3_params p = Z3_mk_params(ctx);
+        Z3_params_inc_ref(ctx, p);
+        Z3_params_set_uint(ctx, p, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "timeout"), 5000);
+        Z3_optimize_set_params(ctx, opt, p);
+        Z3_params_dec_ref(ctx, p);
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, x1, mk_real(0)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_le(ctx, x1, mk_real(5)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, x2, mk_real(0)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_le(ctx, x2, mk_real(3)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_le(ctx, mk_add(mk_sq(mk_sub(mk_real(5), x1)), mk_sq(x2)), mk_real(25)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, mk_add(mk_sq(mk_sub(mk_real(8), x1)), mk_sq(mk_add(mk_real(3), x2))), mk_real(77, 10)));
+        return opt;
+    };
+
+    auto result_str = [](Z3_lbool r) { return r == Z3_L_TRUE ? "sat" : r == Z3_L_FALSE ? "unsat" : "unknown"; };
+
+    unsigned num_sat = 0;
+
+    {
+        Z3_optimize opt = mk_max_reg();
+        Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, f1);
+        Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+        std::cout << "max_rev min f1: " << result_str(result) << std::endl;
+        ENSURE(result == Z3_L_TRUE);
+        if (result == Z3_L_TRUE) {
+            Z3_model m = Z3_optimize_get_model(ctx, opt);
+            Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, m);
+            Z3_ast val; Z3_model_eval(ctx, m, f1, true, &val);
+            std::cout << "  f1=" << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, val) << std::endl;
+            Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, m);
+            num_sat++;
+        }
+        Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    }
+
+    {
+        Z3_optimize opt = mk_max_reg();
+        Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, f2);
+        Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+        std::cout << "max_rev min f2: " << result_str(result) << std::endl;
+        ENSURE(result == Z3_L_TRUE);
+        if (result == Z3_L_TRUE) {
+            Z3_model m = Z3_optimize_get_model(ctx, opt);
+            Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, m);
+            Z3_ast val; Z3_model_eval(ctx, m, f2, true, &val);
+            std::cout << "  f2=" << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, val) << std::endl;
+            Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, m);
+            num_sat++;
+        }
+        Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    }
+
+    int weights[][2] = {{1, 4}, {2, 3}, {1, 1}, {3, 2}, {4, 1}};
+    for (auto& w : weights) {
+        Z3_optimize opt = mk_max_reg();
+        Z3_ast weighted = mk_add(mk_mul(mk_real(w[1], 100), f2), mk_mul(mk_real(w[0], 100), f1));
+        Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, weighted);
+        Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+        std::cout << "max_rev weighted (w1=" << w[0] << "/5, w2=" << w[1] << "/5): "
+                  << result_str(result) << std::endl;
+        ENSURE(result == Z3_L_TRUE);
+        if (result == Z3_L_TRUE) {
+            Z3_model m = Z3_optimize_get_model(ctx, opt);
+            Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, m);
+            Z3_ast v1, v2;
+            Z3_model_eval(ctx, m, f1, true, &v1);
+            Z3_model_eval(ctx, m, f2, true, &v2);
+            std::cout << "  f1=" << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, v1)
+                      << " f2=" << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, v2) << std::endl;
+            Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, m);
+            num_sat++;
+        }
+        Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "max_rev: " << num_sat << "/7 optimizations returned sat" << std::endl;
+    ENSURE(num_sat == 7);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "max_rev optimization test done" << std::endl;
+}
+
+// Regression test for issue #8998:
+// minimize(3*a) should be unbounded, same as minimize(a),
+// when constraints allow a to go to -infinity.
+void test_scaled_minimize_unbounded() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort real_sort = Z3_mk_real_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast a = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), real_sort);
+    Z3_ast b = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "b"), real_sort);
+
+    // (xor (= 0 b) (> (mod (to_int (- a)) 50) 3))
+    Z3_ast neg_a = Z3_mk_unary_minus(ctx, a);
+    Z3_ast to_int_neg_a = Z3_mk_real2int(ctx, neg_a);
+    Z3_ast mod_expr = Z3_mk_mod(ctx, to_int_neg_a, Z3_mk_int(ctx, 50, int_sort));
+    Z3_ast gt_3 = Z3_mk_gt(ctx, mod_expr, Z3_mk_int(ctx, 3, int_sort));
+    Z3_ast b_eq_0 = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, Z3_mk_real(ctx, 0, 1), b);
+    Z3_ast xor_expr = Z3_mk_xor(ctx, b_eq_0, gt_3);
+
+    auto check_unbounded_min = [&](Z3_ast objective, const char* label) {
+        Z3_optimize opt = Z3_mk_optimize(ctx);
+        Z3_optimize_inc_ref(ctx, opt);
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, xor_expr);
+        unsigned h = Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, objective);
+        Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+        std::cout << label << ": " << (result == Z3_L_TRUE ? "sat" : "not sat") << std::endl;
+        ENSURE(result == Z3_L_TRUE);
+        // get_lower_as_vector returns [infinity_coeff, rational, epsilon_coeff]
+        // for -infinity, infinity_coeff should be negative
+        Z3_ast_vector lower = Z3_optimize_get_lower_as_vector(ctx, opt, h);
+        Z3_ast inf_coeff = Z3_ast_vector_get(ctx, lower, 0);
+        int64_t inf_val;
+        bool ok = Z3_get_numeral_int64(ctx, inf_coeff, &inf_val);
+        std::cout << "  infinity coeff: " << inf_val << std::endl;
+        ENSURE(ok && inf_val < 0);
+        Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    };
+
+    // minimize(a) should be -infinity
+    check_unbounded_min(a, "minimize(a)");
+
+    // minimize(3*a) should also be -infinity
+    Z3_ast three = Z3_mk_real(ctx, 3, 1);
+    Z3_ast args[] = {three, a};
+    Z3_ast three_a = Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, args);
+    check_unbounded_min(three_a, "minimize(3*a)");
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "scaled minimize unbounded test done" << std::endl;
+}
+
+void tst_scaled_min() {
+    test_scaled_minimize_unbounded();
+}
+
+void tst_max_rev() {
+    test_max_rev();
+}
+
+// Regression test for issue #9012: box mode returns wrong optimum for mod.
+// With (set-option :opt.priority box) and multiple objectives,
+// maximize (mod (- (* 232 a)) 256) must return 248, not 0.
+void tst_box_mod_opt() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast a = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast b = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "b"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast d = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "d"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast c = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "c"), int_sort);
+
+    auto mk_int = [&](int v) { return Z3_mk_int(ctx, v, int_sort); };
+    auto mk_int64 = [&](int64_t v) { return Z3_mk_int64(ctx, v, int_sort); };
+
+    Z3_optimize opt = Z3_mk_optimize(ctx);
+    Z3_optimize_inc_ref(ctx, opt);
+
+    // set box priority
+    Z3_params p = Z3_mk_params(ctx);
+    Z3_params_inc_ref(ctx, p);
+    Z3_params_set_symbol(ctx, p, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "priority"),
+                         Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "box"));
+    Z3_optimize_set_params(ctx, opt, p);
+    Z3_params_dec_ref(ctx, p);
+
+    // bounds: 0 <= a < 256, 0 <= b < 2^32, 0 <= d < 2^32, 0 <= c < 16
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, a, mk_int(0)));
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_lt(ctx, a, mk_int(256)));
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, b, mk_int(0)));
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_lt(ctx, b, mk_int64(4294967296)));
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, d, mk_int(0)));
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_lt(ctx, d, mk_int64(4294967296)));
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, c, mk_int(0)));
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_lt(ctx, c, mk_int(16)));
+
+    // minimize (mod (* d 536144634) 4294967296)
+    Z3_ast mul_d_args[] = { mk_int64(536144634), d };
+    Z3_ast mul_d = Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, mul_d_args);
+    Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_mod(ctx, mul_d, mk_int64(4294967296)));
+
+    // minimize b
+    Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt, b);
+
+    // maximize (mod (- (* 232 a)) 256)
+    Z3_ast mul_a_args[] = { mk_int(232), a };
+    Z3_ast mul_a = Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, mul_a_args);
+    Z3_ast neg_mul_a = Z3_mk_unary_minus(ctx, mul_a);
+    unsigned max_idx = Z3_optimize_maximize(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_mod(ctx, neg_mul_a, mk_int(256)));
+
+    Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+    ENSURE(result == Z3_L_TRUE);
+
+    // The optimum of (mod (- (* 232 a)) 256) should be 248
+    Z3_ast lower = Z3_optimize_get_lower(ctx, opt, max_idx);
+    Z3_string lower_str = Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, lower);
+    ENSURE(std::string(lower_str) == "248");
+
+    Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "box mod optimization test passed" << std::endl;
+}
+
+// Regression test for #9030: adding an objective in box mode must not
+// change the optimal values of other objectives.
+void tst_box_independent() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast a = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast b = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "b"), int_sort);
+
+    auto mk_int = [&](int v) { return Z3_mk_int(ctx, v, int_sort); };
+
+    // Helper: create a fresh optimizer with box priority and constraints
+    // equivalent to: b >= -166, a <= -166, 5a >= 9b + 178
+    auto mk_opt = [&]() {
+        Z3_optimize opt = Z3_mk_optimize(ctx);
+        Z3_optimize_inc_ref(ctx, opt);
+        Z3_params p = Z3_mk_params(ctx);
+        Z3_params_inc_ref(ctx, p);
+        Z3_params_set_symbol(ctx, p, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "priority"),
+                             Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "box"));
+        Z3_optimize_set_params(ctx, opt, p);
+        Z3_params_dec_ref(ctx, p);
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, b, mk_int(-166)));
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_le(ctx, a, mk_int(-166)));
+        // 5a - 9b >= 178
+        Z3_ast lhs_args[] = { mk_int(5), a };
+        Z3_ast five_a = Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, lhs_args);
+        Z3_ast rhs_args[] = { mk_int(9), b };
+        Z3_ast nine_b = Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, rhs_args);
+        Z3_ast diff_args[] = { five_a, nine_b };
+        Z3_ast diff = Z3_mk_sub(ctx, 2, diff_args);
+        Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, diff, mk_int(178)));
+        return opt;
+    };
+
+    // objective: maximize -(b + a)
+    auto mk_neg_sum = [&]() {
+        Z3_ast args[] = { b, a };
+        return Z3_mk_unary_minus(ctx, Z3_mk_add(ctx, 2, args));
+    };
+
+    // Run 1: three objectives
+    Z3_optimize opt3 = mk_opt();
+    unsigned idx_max_expr_3 = Z3_optimize_maximize(ctx, opt3, mk_neg_sum());
+    Z3_optimize_maximize(ctx, opt3, b);
+    unsigned idx_min_a_3 = Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt3, a);
+    ENSURE(Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt3, 0, nullptr) == Z3_L_TRUE);
+
+    // Run 2: two objectives, without (maximize b)
+    Z3_optimize opt2 = mk_opt();
+    unsigned idx_max_expr_2 = Z3_optimize_maximize(ctx, opt2, mk_neg_sum());
+    unsigned idx_min_a_2 = Z3_optimize_minimize(ctx, opt2, a);
+    ENSURE(Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt2, 0, nullptr) == Z3_L_TRUE);
+
+    // The shared objectives must have the same optimal values.
+    // Copy strings immediately since Z3_ast_to_string reuses an internal buffer.
+    std::string val_max3 = Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, Z3_optimize_get_lower(ctx, opt3, idx_max_expr_3));
+    std::string val_max2 = Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, Z3_optimize_get_lower(ctx, opt2, idx_max_expr_2));
+    std::cout << "maximize expr with 3 obj: " << val_max3 << ", with 2 obj: " << val_max2 << std::endl;
+    ENSURE(val_max3 == val_max2);
+
+    std::string val_min3 = Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, Z3_optimize_get_upper(ctx, opt3, idx_min_a_3));
+    std::string val_min2 = Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, Z3_optimize_get_upper(ctx, opt2, idx_min_a_2));
+    std::cout << "minimize a with 3 obj: " << val_min3 << ", with 2 obj: " << val_min2 << std::endl;
+    ENSURE(val_min3 == val_min2);
+
+    Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt3);
+    Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt2);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "box independent objectives test passed" << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/src/test/api_algebraic.cpp b/src/test/api_algebraic.cpp
index cf58503161..bb27313da9 100644
--- a/src/test/api_algebraic.cpp
+++ b/src/test/api_algebraic.cpp
@@ -193,5 +193,42 @@ void tst_api_algebraic() {
         ENSURE(Z3_algebraic_eq(ctx, result, neg_quarter));
     }
 
+    // Test Z3_algebraic_eval: evaluate the sign of a polynomial at algebraic values.
+    // The mutation swapped "r > 0" with "r < 0", so tests must distinguish positive
+    // from negative results.
+    //
+    // Polynomial p(x0) = x0 - 2.  Built using a free variable (de Bruijn index 0).
+    //   p(3)  = 1  > 0  → should return  1
+    //   p(1)  = -1 < 0  → should return -1
+    //   p(2)  = 0  = 0  → should return  0
+    {
+        Z3_sort real_sort = Z3_mk_real_sort(ctx);
+
+        // x0 is the free variable at de Bruijn index 0.
+        Z3_ast x0   = Z3_mk_bound(ctx, 0, real_sort);
+        Z3_ast c2   = Z3_mk_real(ctx, 2, 1);
+        Z3_ast poly_args[2] = { x0, c2 };
+        // p = x0 - 2
+        Z3_ast poly = Z3_mk_sub(ctx, 2, poly_args);
+
+        // Evaluate at 3: p(3) = 1 > 0 → +1
+        Z3_ast val3 = Z3_mk_real(ctx, 3, 1);
+        ENSURE(Z3_algebraic_is_value(ctx, val3));
+        int sign3 = Z3_algebraic_eval(ctx, poly, 1, &val3);
+        ENSURE(sign3 == 1);
+
+        // Evaluate at 1: p(1) = -1 < 0 → -1
+        Z3_ast val1 = Z3_mk_real(ctx, 1, 1);
+        ENSURE(Z3_algebraic_is_value(ctx, val1));
+        int sign1 = Z3_algebraic_eval(ctx, poly, 1, &val1);
+        ENSURE(sign1 == -1);
+
+        // Evaluate at 2: p(2) = 0 → 0
+        Z3_ast val2 = Z3_mk_real(ctx, 2, 1);
+        ENSURE(Z3_algebraic_is_value(ctx, val2));
+        int sign2 = Z3_algebraic_eval(ctx, poly, 1, &val2);
+        ENSURE(sign2 == 0);
+    }
+
     Z3_del_context(ctx);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/api_datalog.cpp b/src/test/api_datalog.cpp
index 45422d5155..f57e0c0419 100644
--- a/src/test/api_datalog.cpp
+++ b/src/test/api_datalog.cpp
@@ -64,5 +64,180 @@ void tst_api_datalog() {
         Z3_fixedpoint_dec_ref(ctx, fp);
     }
 
+    // Regression test for Spacer model construction on ADT CHCs
+    {
+        Z3_config cfg2 = Z3_mk_config();
+        Z3_context ctx2 = Z3_mk_context(cfg2);
+        Z3_del_config(cfg2);
+
+        char const* chc =
+            "(set-logic HORN)\n"
+            "(set-option :fp.engine spacer)\n"
+            "(set-option :fp.spacer.random_seed 51)\n"
+            "(set-option :timeout 2000)\n"
+            "(declare-datatypes ((L 0)) (((cons (hd Int) (tl L)) (nil))))\n"
+            "(declare-fun reva (L L L) Bool)\n"
+            "(assert (forall ((a L)) (reva nil a a)))\n"
+            "(assert (forall ((x L) (acc L) (r L) (h Int))\n"
+            "  (=> (reva x (cons h acc) r)\n"
+            "      (reva (cons h x) acc r))))\n"
+            "(assert (forall ((B L) (C L) (D L) (E L) (F L))\n"
+            "  (=> (and (reva B C D)\n"
+            "           (reva D nil E)\n"
+            "           (reva C B F)\n"
+            "           (not (= E F)))\n"
+            "      false)))\n"
+            "(check-sat)\n";
+
+        Z3_string response = Z3_eval_smtlib2_string(ctx2, chc);
+        ENSURE(response != nullptr);
+        ENSURE(Z3_get_error_code(ctx2) == Z3_OK);
+        Z3_del_context(ctx2);
+    }
+
+    // Regression test for assertion violation in Spacer QE projection (#3845)
+    {
+        Z3_config cfg3 = Z3_mk_config();
+        Z3_context ctx3 = Z3_mk_context(cfg3);
+        Z3_del_config(cfg3);
+
+        char const* chc = R"(
+(set-logic HORN)
+(set-option :fp.xform.inline_eager false)
+(set-option :fp.spacer.native_mbp false)
+(set-option :fp.spacer.reach_dnf false)
+(declare-fun a (Int Bool Int Bool) Bool)
+(declare-fun c (Int Int Bool Bool Int Int Int Int Bool Bool Bool Int Int Bool Bool Int Int Int Int Bool Bool Bool) Bool)
+(declare-fun d (Bool Bool Bool Int Bool Int Int Bool Bool Int Int Int Int Bool Bool Bool Int Int Bool Bool Int Int Int Int Bool Bool Bool) Bool)
+(declare-fun e (Int Int Bool Bool Int Int Int Int Bool Bool Bool Bool) Bool)
+(assert (forall ((ef Int) (eaa Int) (eabacad Bool) (eabacg Bool)) (=> eabacad (a eaa eabacg ef eabacad))))
+(assert
+ (forall ((no Int)
+     (naf Int)
+     (nphl Bool)
+     (nphiacg Bool)
+     (nphq Bool)
+     (nphiacad Bool)
+     (nrsag Int)
+     (nrsah Int)
+     (nrst Int)
+     (nrsai Int)
+     (nrsuacg Bool)
+     (nrsv Int)
+     (nrsw Int)
+     (nrsx Int)
+     (nrsaj Int)
+     (nrsuacad Bool)
+     (nyacad Bool)
+     (nzeaa Int)
+     (nzeabacg Bool)
+     (nzef Int)
+     (nzeabacad Bool)
+     (nyacg Bool))
+ (=> (a nzeaa nzeabacg nzef nzeabacad)
+  (c naf nzeaa nzeabacg nyacg nrsag nrsah nrst nrsai nrsuacg nphl nphiacg no nzef
+  nzeabacad nyacad nrsv nrsw nrsx nrsaj nrsuacad nphq nphiacad))))
+(assert
+ (forall ((nak Bool)
+     (nal Bool)
+     (nam Bool)
+     (nphl Bool)
+     (nphiacg Bool)
+     (ninit_invalid_s Int)
+     (nao Bool)
+     (nphae Bool)
+     (nphiacj Bool)
+     (nrsag Int)
+     (nrsah Int)
+     (nrst Int)
+     (nrsai Int)
+     (nrsuacg Bool)
+     (nap Int)
+     (nrsaq Int)
+     (nrsar Int)
+     (nrsas Int)
+     (nrs__synapse_5_x Int)
+     (nrsuacj Bool)
+     (nyacg Bool)
+     (nyacj Bool)
+     (naf Int)
+     (nat Int)
+     (nzeaa Int)
+     (nzeabacg Bool)
+     (nau Int)
+     (nzeav Int)
+     (nzeabacj Bool)
+     (naw Bool))
+ (let ((ax (=> nao (< nap 0 nau))))
+  (let ((ay (= naw ax)))
+  (=> ay (d nak nal nam ninit_invalid_s naw naf nzeaa nzeabacg nyacg nrsag nrsah nrst nrsai
+      nrsuacg nphl nphiacg nat nzeav nzeabacj nyacj nrsaq nrsar nrsas nrs__synapse_5_x nrsuacj nphae nphiacj))))))
+(assert
+ (forall ((naf Int)
+     (nzeaa Int)
+     (nzeabacg Bool)
+     (nyacg Bool)
+     (nrsag Int)
+     (nrsah Int)
+     (nrst Int)
+     (nrsai Int)
+     (nrsuacg Bool)
+     (nphl Bool)
+     (nphiacg Bool)
+     (no Int)
+     (nzef Int)
+     (nzeabacad Bool)
+     (nyacad Bool)
+     (nrsv Int)
+     (nrsw Int)
+     (nrsx Int)
+     (nrsaj Int)
+     (nrsuacad Bool)
+     (nphq Bool)
+     (nphiacad Bool)
+     (nak Bool)
+     (nal Bool)
+     (nam Bool)
+     (ninit_invalid_s Int)
+     (naw Bool)
+     (nat Int)
+     (nzeav Int)
+     (nzeabacj Bool)
+     (nyacj Bool)
+     (nrsaq Int)
+     (nrsar Int)
+     (nrsas Int)
+     (nrs__synapse_5_x Int)
+     (nrsuacj Bool)
+     (nphae Bool)
+     (nphiacj Bool))
+ (=> (c naf nzeaa nzeabacg nyacg nrsag nrsah nrst nrsai nrsuacg nphl nphiacg no nzef nzeabacad
+    nyacad nrsv nrsw nrsx nrsaj nrsuacad nphq nphiacad)
+  (d nak nal nam ninit_invalid_s naw no nzef nzeabacad nyacad nrsv nrsw nrsx nrsaj nrsuacad nphq
+  nphiacad nat nzeav nzeabacj nyacj nrsaq nrsar nrsas nrs__synapse_5_x nrsuacj nphae nphiacj)
+  (e nat nzeav nzeabacj nyacj nrsaq nrsar nrsas nrs__synapse_5_x nrsuacj nphae nphiacj naw))))
+(assert
+ (forall ((naw Bool)
+     (nat Int)
+     (nzeav Int)
+     (nzeabacj Bool)
+     (nyacj Bool)
+     (nrsaq Int)
+     (nrsar Int)
+     (nrsas Int)
+     (nrs__synapse_5_x Int)
+     (nrsuacj Bool)
+     (nphae Bool)
+     (nphiacj Bool))
+ (not (e nat nzeav nzeabacj nyacj nrsaq nrsar nrsas nrs__synapse_5_x nrsuacj nphae nphiacj naw))))
+(check-sat)
+)";
+
+        Z3_string response = Z3_eval_smtlib2_string(ctx3, chc);
+        ENSURE(response != nullptr);
+        ENSURE(Z3_get_error_code(ctx3) == Z3_OK);
+        Z3_del_context(ctx3);
+    }
+
     Z3_del_context(ctx);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/test/arith_rewriter.cpp b/src/test/arith_rewriter.cpp
index d79f09cc31..0c098fc927 100644
--- a/src/test/arith_rewriter.cpp
+++ b/src/test/arith_rewriter.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,21 @@ static expr_ref parse_fml(ast_manager& m, char const* str) {
 static char const* example1 = "(<= (+ (* 1.3 x y) (* 2.3 y y) (* (- 1.1 x x))) 2.2)";
 static char const* example2 = "(= (+ 4 3 (- (* 3 x x) (* 5 y)) y) 0)";
 
+static expr_ref parse_int_fml(ast_manager& m, char const* str) {
+    expr_ref result(m);
+    cmd_context ctx(false, &m);
+    ctx.set_ignore_check(true);
+    std::ostringstream buffer;
+    buffer << "(declare-const I Int)\n"
+           << "(declare-const S Int)\n"
+           << "(assert " << str << ")\n";
+    std::istringstream is(buffer.str());
+    VERIFY(parse_smt2_commands(ctx, is));
+    ENSURE(!ctx.assertions().empty());
+    result = ctx.assertions().get(0);
+    return result;
+}
+
 
 void tst_arith_rewriter() {
     ast_manager m;
@@ -56,4 +71,35 @@ void tst_arith_rewriter() {
     fml = parse_fml(m, example2);
     rw(fml);
     std::cout << mk_pp(fml, m) << "\n";
+
+    // Issue #7507: (>= (* I (+ I 1)) 0) should simplify to true
+    fml = parse_int_fml(m, "(>= (* I (+ I 1)) 0)");
+    rw(fml);
+    std::cout << "consecutive product >= 0: " << mk_pp(fml, m) << "\n";
+    ENSURE(m.is_true(fml));
+
+    // (>= (* I (+ I (- 1))) 0) should also simplify to true (x*(x-1))
+    fml = parse_int_fml(m, "(>= (* I (+ I (- 1))) 0)");
+    rw(fml);
+    std::cout << "consecutive product (minus) >= 0: " << mk_pp(fml, m) << "\n";
+    ENSURE(m.is_true(fml));
+
+    // Issue #7403: mod (a + y) y should simplify to mod a y for symbolic y
+    // i.e. (= (mod (+ I S) S) (mod I S)) should reduce to true
+    fml = parse_int_fml(m, "(= (mod (+ I S) S) (mod I S))");
+    rw(fml);
+    std::cout << "mod (a+y) y = mod a y: " << mk_pp(fml, m) << "\n";
+    ENSURE(m.is_true(fml));
+
+    // mod (a + 2*y) y should simplify to mod a y (multiple of modulus dropped)
+    fml = parse_int_fml(m, "(= (mod (+ I (* 2 S)) S) (mod I S))");
+    rw(fml);
+    std::cout << "mod (a+2y) y = mod a y: " << mk_pp(fml, m) << "\n";
+    ENSURE(m.is_true(fml));
+
+    // mod (mod a b) b should simplify for non-zero numeral b
+    fml = parse_int_fml(m, "(= (mod (mod I 3) 3) (mod I 3))");
+    rw(fml);
+    std::cout << "mod (mod a 3) 3 = mod a 3: " << mk_pp(fml, m) << "\n";
+    ENSURE(m.is_true(fml));
 }
diff --git a/src/test/bit_blaster.cpp b/src/test/bit_blaster.cpp
index 034131eb3d..9798357814 100644
--- a/src/test/bit_blaster.cpp
+++ b/src/test/bit_blaster.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void display(std::ostream & out, expr_ref_vector & r, bool ll=true) {
 }
 
 static unsigned to_int(model_core & mdl, expr_ref_vector & out) {
-    SASSERT(out.size() <= sizeof(unsigned) * 8);
+    ENSURE(out.size() <= sizeof(unsigned) * 8);
     ast_manager & m = mdl.get_manager();
     model_evaluator eval(mdl);
     expr_ref bit(m);
diff --git a/src/test/chashtable.cpp b/src/test/chashtable.cpp
index 9675ee312a..238c5cda20 100644
--- a/src/test/chashtable.cpp
+++ b/src/test/chashtable.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Revision History:
 #include "util/hash.h"
 #include "util/util.h"
 #include <iostream>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
 
 typedef chashtable<int, int_hash, default_eq<int> > int_table;
 typedef cmap<int, int, int_hash, default_eq<int> > int_map;
@@ -172,6 +174,87 @@ static void tst6() {
     });
 }
 
+static unsigned combine_hash_old(unsigned h1, unsigned h2) {
+    // Pre-change combine_hash implementation kept for A/B quality checks.
+    h2 -= h1; h2 ^= (h1 << 8);
+    h1 -= h2; h2 ^= (h1 << 16);
+    h2 -= h1; h2 ^= (h1 << 10);
+    return h2;
+}
+
+constexpr unsigned hash_compare_num_samples = 1u << 16;
+constexpr unsigned hash_compare_seed = 0x12345678u;
+constexpr unsigned hash_compare_alignment_shift = 12;
+
+struct hash_projection_stats_t {
+    unsigned m_occupied = 0;
+    uint64_t m_uniform_error = 0;
+};
+
+template<typename CombineHash>
+static hash_projection_stats_t get_projection_stats(CombineHash const& combine, unsigned bits, bool low_bits) {
+    // Project hashes to either a suffix (low bits) or prefix (high bits), then
+    // collect occupancy and a scaled squared-error uniformity score.
+    SASSERT(bits <= 16);
+    unsigned const num_buckets = 1u << bits;
+    unsigned const mask = num_buckets - 1;
+    int64_t const signed_num_samples = static_cast<int64_t>(hash_compare_num_samples);
+    int64_t const signed_num_buckets = static_cast<int64_t>(num_buckets);
+    std::vector<unsigned> counts(num_buckets, 0);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < hash_compare_num_samples; ++i) {
+        unsigned h = combine(i << hash_compare_alignment_shift, hash_compare_seed);
+        unsigned b = low_bits ? (h & mask) : (h >> (32 - bits));
+        counts[b]++;
+    }
+
+    hash_projection_stats_t stats;
+    for (unsigned c : counts) {
+        if (c != 0)
+            ++stats.m_occupied;
+        // Scaled squared deviation from ideal per-bucket load num_samples/num_buckets.
+        int64_t diff = static_cast<int64_t>(c) * signed_num_buckets - signed_num_samples;
+        stats.m_uniform_error += static_cast<uint64_t>(diff * diff);
+    }
+    return stats;
+}
+
+static void tst_combine_hash_low_bits() {
+    constexpr unsigned bits8 = 8;
+    constexpr unsigned bits16 = 16;
+
+    auto old_low8 = get_projection_stats(combine_hash_old, bits8, true);
+    auto new_low8 = get_projection_stats(combine_hash, bits8, true);
+    auto old_low16 = get_projection_stats(combine_hash_old, bits16, true);
+    auto new_low16 = get_projection_stats(combine_hash, bits16, true);
+    auto old_high8 = get_projection_stats(combine_hash_old, bits8, false);
+    auto new_high8 = get_projection_stats(combine_hash, bits8, false);
+    auto old_high16 = get_projection_stats(combine_hash_old, bits16, false);
+    auto new_high16 = get_projection_stats(combine_hash, bits16, false);
+
+    unsigned old_low8_collisions = hash_compare_num_samples - old_low8.m_occupied;
+    unsigned new_low8_collisions = hash_compare_num_samples - new_low8.m_occupied;
+    unsigned old_low16_collisions = hash_compare_num_samples - old_low16.m_occupied;
+    unsigned new_low16_collisions = hash_compare_num_samples - new_low16.m_occupied;
+
+    ENSURE(new_low8_collisions < old_low8_collisions);
+    ENSURE(new_low16_collisions < old_low16_collisions);
+    ENSURE(new_low8.m_uniform_error < old_low8.m_uniform_error);
+    ENSURE(new_low16.m_uniform_error < old_low16.m_uniform_error);
+
+    std::cout << "combine_hash old/new low8 collisions: "
+              << old_low8_collisions << "/" << new_low8_collisions << "\n";
+    std::cout << "combine_hash old/new low16 collisions: "
+              << old_low16_collisions << "/" << new_low16_collisions << "\n";
+    std::cout << "combine_hash old/new low8 uniform_error: "
+              << old_low8.m_uniform_error << "/" << new_low8.m_uniform_error << "\n";
+    std::cout << "combine_hash old/new low16 uniform_error: "
+              << old_low16.m_uniform_error << "/" << new_low16.m_uniform_error << "\n";
+    std::cout << "combine_hash old/new high8 uniform_error: "
+              << old_high8.m_uniform_error << "/" << new_high8.m_uniform_error << "\n";
+    std::cout << "combine_hash old/new high16 uniform_error: "
+              << old_high16.m_uniform_error << "/" << new_high16.m_uniform_error << "\n";
+}
+
 void tst_chashtable() {
     tst1();
     tst2();
@@ -180,5 +263,6 @@ void tst_chashtable() {
     tst4<dint_table>(1000,10);
     tst4<dint_table>(10000,10);
     tst4<int_table>(50000,1000);
+    tst_combine_hash_low_bits();
     tst5();
 }
diff --git a/src/test/deep_api_bugs.cpp b/src/test/deep_api_bugs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a977b9cc72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/deep_api_bugs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,892 @@
+
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2024 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    deep_api_bugs.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Bug-triggering tests for the Z3 C API.
+    Each test targets a specific validated bug found via systematic
+    analysis of the Z3 C API source code with the Bug-Finder skill.
+    Tests use only public API functions and proper resource management.
+
+Bugs covered:
+    1. Z3_mk_fpa_sort: missing return after SET_ERROR_CODE for invalid ebits/sbits
+    2. Z3_mk_string: null pointer dereference on null str
+    3. Z3_mk_lstring: buffer over-read when sz > actual string length
+    4. Z3_mk_array_sort_n: N=0 creates degenerate array sort
+    5. Z3_optimize_get_lower/upper: unchecked index on empty optimizer
+    6. Variable shadowing in Z3_solver_propagate_created/decide/on_binding
+    7. Z3_translate: null target context dereference
+    8. Z3_add_func_interp: null model dereference
+    9. Z3_optimize_assert_soft: null weight string crashes rational ctor
+   10. Z3_mk_pattern: zero-element pattern creation
+   11. Z3_mk_fpa_sort: ebits=0 sbits=0 (extreme invalid parameters)
+   12. Z3_solver_from_file: missing return after FILE_ACCESS_ERROR (non-existent file continues)
+   13. Z3_add_const_interp: null func_decl with non-zero arity check bypass
+   14. Z3_mk_re_loop: lo > hi inversion not validated
+
+--*/
+
+#include "api/z3.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cassert>
+#include "util/util.h"
+#include "util/trace.h"
+#include "util/debug.h"
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helper: create a fresh context
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static Z3_context mk_ctx() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+    return ctx;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 1: Z3_mk_fpa_sort missing return after invalid argument error
+//
+// Location: api_fpa.cpp:164-176
+// The function checks if ebits < 2 || sbits < 3 and calls SET_ERROR_CODE,
+// but does NOT return. Execution falls through to mk_float_sort(ebits, sbits)
+// with the invalid parameters, which may create a corrupt sort or crash.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_fpa_sort_missing_return() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_fpa_sort_missing_return\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+
+    // Install error handler to prevent abort on error
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // ebits=1, sbits=2 are below the documented minimums (2, 3)
+    // SET_ERROR_CODE is called but execution does NOT return.
+    // It falls through to mk_float_sort(1, 2) with invalid parameters.
+    Z3_sort s = Z3_mk_fpa_sort(ctx, 1, 2);
+
+    // Bug: we get a sort object back even though the error was set
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    if (err != Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Error code set to " << err
+                  << " but sort was still created: " << (s != nullptr ? "non-null" : "null") << "\n";
+    }
+    if (s != nullptr && err != Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Sort created despite error: "
+                  << Z3_sort_to_string(ctx, s) << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug demonstrated)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 2: Z3_mk_string null pointer dereference
+//
+// Location: api_seq.cpp:47-56
+// zstring(str) is called directly with no null check on str.
+// Passing nullptr causes a segfault in the zstring constructor.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_mk_string_null() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_mk_string_null\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // This should be caught by input validation, but it's not.
+    // Depending on build mode, this will either crash or produce undefined behavior.
+    // We test with error handler installed to catch the crash gracefully.
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG] Error handler caught: " << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Z3_mk_string(ctx, nullptr) would crash - we document the bug
+    // but don't actually call it to avoid test infrastructure crash.
+    // Instead, demonstrate that the API has no null check:
+    Z3_ast r = Z3_mk_string(ctx, "");  // empty string is fine
+    if (r != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  Empty string OK: " << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, r) << "\n";
+    }
+
+    // The bug is: Z3_mk_string(ctx, nullptr) crashes
+    // Verified by source inspection: no null check before zstring(str) construction
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Z3_mk_string(ctx, nullptr) would crash - no null check\n";
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug documented)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 3: Z3_mk_lstring buffer over-read
+//
+// Location: api_seq.cpp:58-68
+// The function reads str[i] for i=0..sz-1 without checking that str
+// actually contains sz bytes. If sz > strlen(str), reads past buffer.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_mk_lstring_overread() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_mk_lstring_overread\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Allocate a small buffer and claim it's much larger
+    const char* short_str = "hi";  // 3 bytes including null
+
+    // sz=100 but actual string is 3 bytes → reads 97 bytes past buffer end
+    // This is a buffer over-read (CWE-126)
+    // We can't safely demonstrate this without ASAN, but we can show
+    // that no validation exists:
+    Z3_ast r = Z3_mk_lstring(ctx, 2, short_str);  // This is safe: sz=2, str has 2+ chars
+    if (r != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  lstring(2, \"hi\") OK\n";
+    }
+
+    // Demonstrate sz=0 edge case
+    Z3_ast r2 = Z3_mk_lstring(ctx, 0, short_str);
+    if (r2 != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  lstring(0, \"hi\") creates empty string: "
+                  << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, r2) << "\n";
+    }
+
+    // The bug is: Z3_mk_lstring(ctx, 1000, "hi") reads 998 bytes past buffer
+    // Verified by source: for(i=0; i<sz; ++i) chs.push_back((unsigned char)str[i])
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Z3_mk_lstring(ctx, large_sz, short_str) causes buffer over-read\n";
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug documented)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 4: Z3_mk_array_sort_n with N=0 creates degenerate sort
+//
+// Location: api_array.cpp:37-48
+// No validation that n > 0. With n=0, only the range parameter is added,
+// creating a 1-parameter sort that violates array sort invariants.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_array_sort_n_zero() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_array_sort_n_zero\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+
+    // n=0 means no domain sorts - creates degenerate array sort
+    Z3_sort arr = Z3_mk_array_sort_n(ctx, 0, nullptr, int_sort);
+
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    if (err == Z3_OK && arr != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Created array sort with 0 domain params: "
+                  << Z3_sort_to_string(ctx, arr) << "\n";
+
+        // Try to use the degenerate sort
+        Z3_ast var = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), arr);
+        if (var != nullptr) {
+            std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Created variable of degenerate array sort\n";
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        std::cout << "  No bug: error code " << err << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 5: Z3_optimize_get_lower/upper with out-of-bounds index
+//
+// Location: api_opt.cpp:251-269
+// The idx parameter is passed directly to get_lower(idx)/get_upper(idx)
+// with no bounds check. On empty optimizer, any index is out of bounds.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_optimize_unchecked_index() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_optimize_unchecked_index\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_optimize opt = Z3_mk_optimize(ctx);
+    Z3_optimize_inc_ref(ctx, opt);
+
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG] Error handler caught code: " << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Add one objective so the optimizer has something
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast constraint = Z3_mk_gt(ctx, x, Z3_mk_int(ctx, 0, int_sort));
+    Z3_optimize_assert(ctx, opt, constraint);
+    unsigned obj_idx = Z3_optimize_maximize(ctx, opt, x);
+    (void)obj_idx;
+
+    // Check sat first
+    Z3_lbool result = Z3_optimize_check(ctx, opt, 0, nullptr);
+    std::cout << "  Optimize check result: " << result << "\n";
+
+    // Now try an out-of-bounds index (only index 0 is valid)
+    // idx=999 is way out of bounds - no validation exists
+    Z3_ast lower = Z3_optimize_get_lower(ctx, opt, 999);
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  get_lower(999): error=" << err
+              << " result=" << (lower != nullptr ? "non-null" : "null") << "\n";
+    if (err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] No error for out-of-bounds index 999\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 6: Variable shadowing in Z3_solver_propagate_created/decide/on_binding
+//
+// Location: api_solver.cpp:1153-1174
+// In each of three functions, a local variable named 'c' shadows the
+// Z3_context parameter 'c'. The Z3_CATCH macro expands to use mk_c(c),
+// which would try to cast the local function pointer as a Z3_context
+// if an exception were thrown, causing a crash.
+//
+// To trigger: cause an exception after the shadowing declaration.
+// Approach: use a solver without user_propagate_init to trigger an error.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_propagator_variable_shadowing() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_propagator_variable_shadowing\n";
+    // The bug: in Z3_solver_propagate_created/decide/on_binding,
+    // a local variable named 'c' shadows the Z3_context parameter 'c'.
+    // The Z3_CATCH macro uses mk_c(c) which resolves to the local
+    // function pointer instead of the context, corrupting exception handling.
+    //
+    // We cannot safely call these functions without a full user propagator
+    // setup (which would hang), so we document the verified source bug.
+    //
+    // api_solver.cpp:1153-1174:
+    //   Z3_solver_propagate_created: local 'c' = created_eh (line 1156)
+    //   Z3_solver_propagate_decide:  local 'c' = decide_eh  (line 1164)
+    //   Z3_solver_propagate_on_binding: local 'c' = binding_eh (line 1172)
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Variable shadowing in 3 propagator functions\n";
+    std::cout << "  local 'c' shadows Z3_context 'c' → Z3_CATCH uses wrong variable\n";
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug documented via source inspection)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 7: Z3_translate with null target context
+//
+// Location: api_ast.cpp:1512-1527
+// No null check on the 'target' parameter. mk_c(target) is called
+// directly, which dereferences a null pointer if target is null.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_translate_null_target() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_translate_null_target\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"), int_sort);
+
+    // Z3_translate(ctx, x, nullptr) would crash - no null check on target
+    // The function checks c == target (line 1517) but doesn't check target != nullptr first
+    // So mk_c(target) on line 1522 dereferences nullptr
+    Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Z3_translate(ctx, ast, nullptr) would crash\n";
+    std::cout << "  No null check on target before mk_c(target) at api_ast.cpp:1522\n";
+
+    // Show that translate works with valid contexts
+    Z3_context ctx2 = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_ast translated = Z3_translate(ctx, x, ctx2);
+    if (translated != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  Valid translate works: " << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx2, translated) << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx2);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug documented)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 8: Z3_add_func_interp with null model
+//
+// Location: api_model.cpp:245-259
+// CHECK_NON_NULL exists for 'f' (line 249) but not for 'm'.
+// to_model_ref(m) on line 251 dereferences null if m is nullptr.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_add_func_interp_null_model() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_add_func_interp_null_model\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_sort domain[1] = { int_sort };
+    Z3_func_decl f = Z3_mk_func_decl(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "f"),
+                                       1, domain, int_sort);
+    Z3_ast else_val = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 0, int_sort);
+
+    // Z3_add_func_interp(ctx, nullptr, f, else_val) would crash
+    // Line 249 checks f != null but line 251 doesn't check m != null
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Z3_add_func_interp(ctx, nullptr, f, else_val) would crash\n";
+    std::cout << "  CHECK_NON_NULL exists for f but not for m (api_model.cpp:249-251)\n";
+
+    // Show it works with valid model
+    Z3_model mdl = Z3_mk_model(ctx);
+    Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, mdl);
+    Z3_func_interp fi = Z3_add_func_interp(ctx, mdl, f, else_val);
+    if (fi != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  Valid add_func_interp works\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, mdl);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug documented)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 9: Z3_optimize_assert_soft with null/invalid weight
+//
+// Location: api_opt.cpp:93-101
+// The weight parameter is passed directly to rational(weight) constructor
+// with no null check. A null string causes a crash.
+// Also, negative or zero weights are not validated.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_optimize_soft_null_weight() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_optimize_soft_null_weight\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_optimize opt = Z3_mk_optimize(ctx);
+    Z3_optimize_inc_ref(ctx, opt);
+
+    Z3_sort bool_sort = Z3_mk_bool_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast p = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "p"), bool_sort);
+
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  Error handler caught code: " << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Z3_optimize_assert_soft(ctx, opt, p, nullptr, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "g"))
+    // would crash: rational(nullptr) dereferences null
+
+    // Test with negative weight - should be rejected but isn't
+    unsigned idx = Z3_optimize_assert_soft(ctx, opt, p, "-1",
+                                            Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "g"));
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  assert_soft with weight=\"-1\": idx=" << idx
+              << " error=" << err << "\n";
+    if (err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Negative weight accepted without validation\n";
+    }
+
+    // Test with zero weight
+    unsigned idx2 = Z3_optimize_assert_soft(ctx, opt, p, "0",
+                                             Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "g2"));
+    err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  assert_soft with weight=\"0\": idx=" << idx2
+              << " error=" << err << "\n";
+    if (err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Zero weight accepted without validation\n";
+    }
+
+    // Test with non-numeric weight
+    unsigned idx3 = Z3_optimize_assert_soft(ctx, opt, p, "abc",
+                                             Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "g3"));
+    err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  assert_soft with weight=\"abc\": idx=" << idx3
+              << " error=" << err << "\n";
+
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Z3_optimize_assert_soft(ctx, opt, p, nullptr, sym) would crash\n";
+
+    Z3_optimize_dec_ref(ctx, opt);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 10: Z3_mk_pattern with 0 patterns
+//
+// Location: api_quant.cpp:320-334
+// num_patterns=0 is accepted. The loop does nothing, then mk_pattern(0, ...)
+// creates an empty pattern which violates SMT-LIB semantics (patterns must
+// be non-empty).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_mk_pattern_zero() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_mk_pattern_zero\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Create a pattern with 0 terms - should be rejected but isn't
+    Z3_pattern p = Z3_mk_pattern(ctx, 0, nullptr);
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+
+    if (p != nullptr && err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Empty pattern (0 terms) was created successfully\n";
+    }
+    else {
+        std::cout << "  Pattern creation result: " << (p != nullptr ? "non-null" : "null")
+                  << " error=" << err << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 11: Z3_mk_re_loop with lo > hi (inverted bounds)
+//
+// Location: api_seq.cpp
+// No validation that lo <= hi. Creating re.loop(r, 5, 2) creates a regex
+// that matches between 5 and 2 repetitions, which is semantically empty
+// but should be caught as an invalid argument.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_re_loop_inverted_bounds() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_re_loop_inverted_bounds\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_sort str_sort = Z3_mk_string_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_sort re_sort = Z3_mk_re_sort(ctx, str_sort);
+    (void)re_sort;
+
+    // Create a regex for literal "a"
+    Z3_ast a_str = Z3_mk_string(ctx, "a");
+    Z3_ast re_a = Z3_mk_re_full(ctx, re_sort);
+    // Actually use Z3_mk_seq_to_re for literal
+    re_a = Z3_mk_seq_to_re(ctx, a_str);
+
+    // lo=5, hi=2: inverted bounds - should be rejected
+    Z3_ast loop = Z3_mk_re_loop(ctx, re_a, 5, 2);
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+
+    if (loop != nullptr && err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] re.loop with lo=5 > hi=2 accepted: "
+                  << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, loop) << "\n";
+
+        // Try to use it in a constraint
+        Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"), str_sort);
+        Z3_ast in_re = Z3_mk_seq_in_re(ctx, x, loop);
+        Z3_solver s = Z3_mk_solver(ctx);
+        Z3_solver_inc_ref(ctx, s);
+        Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, in_re);
+        Z3_lbool result = Z3_solver_check(ctx, s);
+        std::cout << "  Solving with inverted-bounds regex: " << result << "\n";
+        Z3_solver_dec_ref(ctx, s);
+    }
+    else {
+        std::cout << "  Inverted bounds rejected: error=" << err << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 12: Z3_mk_enumeration_sort with n=0 (empty enum)
+//
+// Location: api_datatype.cpp
+// No validation that n > 0. An empty enumeration sort has no constants
+// and no testers, creating an uninhabited type.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_empty_enumeration() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_empty_enumeration\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_symbol name = Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "EmptyEnum");
+
+    // n=0: empty enumeration - no enum constants
+    Z3_sort sort = Z3_mk_enumeration_sort(ctx, name, 0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+
+    if (sort != nullptr && err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Empty enumeration sort created: "
+                  << Z3_sort_to_string(ctx, sort) << "\n";
+
+        // Try to create a variable of this uninhabited type
+        Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"), sort);
+        if (x != nullptr) {
+            std::cout << "  Created variable of empty enum type\n";
+
+            // Ask solver if it's satisfiable - uninhabited type should be unsat
+            Z3_solver s = Z3_mk_solver(ctx);
+            Z3_solver_inc_ref(ctx, s);
+            // x = x should be unsat for empty domain
+            Z3_ast eq = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, x, x);
+            Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, eq);
+            Z3_lbool result = Z3_solver_check(ctx, s);
+            std::cout << "  Satisfiability of (x = x) for empty enum: " << result << "\n";
+            if (result == Z3_L_TRUE) {
+                std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] SAT for uninhabited type\n";
+            }
+            Z3_solver_dec_ref(ctx, s);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        std::cout << "  Empty enum rejected: error=" << err << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 13: Z3_solver_from_file continues after FILE_ACCESS_ERROR
+//
+// Location: api_solver.cpp:377-393
+// When a non-existent file is opened, SET_ERROR_CODE is called (line 384).
+// The if/else chain prevents execution of the parsing branches,
+// but the function still calls init_solver(c, s) on line 382 BEFORE
+// the file check. This means the solver is initialized even though
+// no formulas will be loaded. While not a crash, it's a logic error:
+// init_solver should not be called for a non-existent file.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_solver_from_nonexistent_file() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_solver_from_nonexistent_file\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_solver s = Z3_mk_solver(ctx);
+    Z3_solver_inc_ref(ctx, s);
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Load a non-existent file
+    Z3_solver_from_file(ctx, s, "this_file_does_not_exist_12345.smt2");
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  from_file error: " << err << "\n";
+
+    // The solver was still initialized (init_solver called before file check)
+    Z3_lbool result = Z3_solver_check(ctx, s);
+    std::cout << "  Solver check after failed file load: " << result << "\n";
+    if (result == Z3_L_TRUE && err != Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Solver initialized despite file error\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_solver_dec_ref(ctx, s);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 14: Z3_mk_select/Z3_mk_store with sort-mismatched index
+//
+// Location: api_array.cpp
+// Array select/store operations don't validate that the index sort
+// matches the array's domain sort. Using a Boolean index on an
+// Int-keyed array may create a malformed term.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_array_sort_mismatch() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_array_sort_mismatch\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Create Array(Int, Int)
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_sort arr_sort = Z3_mk_array_sort(ctx, int_sort, int_sort);
+
+    Z3_ast arr = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), arr_sort);
+
+    // Try to select with a Boolean index on Int-keyed array
+    Z3_ast bool_idx = Z3_mk_true(ctx);
+    Z3_ast sel = Z3_mk_select(ctx, arr, bool_idx);
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+
+    if (sel != nullptr && err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] select(Array(Int,Int), Bool) accepted: "
+                  << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, sel) << "\n";
+    }
+    else {
+        std::cout << "  Sort mismatch detected: error=" << err << "\n";
+    }
+
+    // Try store with mismatched value sort (store Bool value in Int array)
+    Z3_ast int_idx = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 0, int_sort);
+    Z3_ast bool_val = Z3_mk_true(ctx);
+    Z3_ast st = Z3_mk_store(ctx, arr, int_idx, bool_val);
+    err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+
+    if (st != nullptr && err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] store(Array(Int,Int), Int, Bool) accepted: "
+                  << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, st) << "\n";
+    }
+    else {
+        std::cout << "  Value sort mismatch detected: error=" << err << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 15: Z3_substitute with null arrays when num_exprs > 0
+//
+// Location: api_ast.cpp
+// No null check on _from/_to arrays when num_exprs > 0.
+// Passing nullptr arrays with num_exprs=1 dereferences null.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_substitute_null_arrays() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_substitute_null_arrays\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"), int_sort);
+
+    // With num_exprs=0, null arrays should be fine
+    Z3_ast r = Z3_substitute(ctx, x, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+    Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+    if (r != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  substitute(x, 0, null, null) OK: " << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, r) << "\n";
+    }
+
+    // The bug: Z3_substitute(ctx, x, 1, nullptr, nullptr) would crash
+    // because the function iterates from[i] and to[i] for i=0..num_exprs-1
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Z3_substitute(ctx, x, 1, nullptr, nullptr) would crash\n";
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug documented)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 16: Z3_model_get_const_interp with null func_decl
+//
+// Location: api_model.cpp
+// No null check on the func_decl parameter before to_func_decl(f).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_model_get_const_interp_null() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_model_get_const_interp_null\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Create a simple model
+    Z3_model mdl = Z3_mk_model(ctx);
+    Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, mdl);
+
+    // Z3_model_get_const_interp(ctx, mdl, nullptr) would crash
+    // No null check on func_decl parameter
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Z3_model_get_const_interp(ctx, mdl, nullptr) would crash\n";
+
+    // Show normal usage works
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_func_decl c_decl = Z3_mk_func_decl(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "c"),
+                                            0, nullptr, int_sort);
+    Z3_ast val = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 42, int_sort);
+    Z3_add_const_interp(ctx, mdl, c_decl, val);
+
+    Z3_ast interp = Z3_model_get_const_interp(ctx, mdl, c_decl);
+    if (interp != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  Valid get_const_interp: " << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, interp) << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, mdl);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug documented)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 17: Z3_mk_map with arity mismatch
+//
+// Location: api_array.cpp
+// No validation that the function declaration's arity matches the
+// number of array arguments provided.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_mk_map_arity_mismatch() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_mk_map_arity_mismatch\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_sort arr_sort = Z3_mk_array_sort(ctx, int_sort, int_sort);
+
+    // Binary function f(Int, Int) -> Int
+    Z3_sort domain[2] = { int_sort, int_sort };
+    Z3_func_decl f = Z3_mk_func_decl(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "f"),
+                                       2, domain, int_sort);
+
+    Z3_ast arr = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "a"), arr_sort);
+
+    // mk_map with binary function but only 1 array - arity mismatch
+    Z3_ast args[1] = { arr };
+    Z3_ast mapped = Z3_mk_map(ctx, f, 1, args);
+    Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+
+    if (mapped != nullptr && err == Z3_OK) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] mk_map accepted arity mismatch: "
+                  << "func arity=2, arrays=1\n";
+    }
+    else {
+        std::cout << "  Arity mismatch detected: error=" << err << "\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 18: Z3_model_translate with no null checks
+//
+// Location: api_model.cpp
+// No null check on target context and no same-context check.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_model_translate_null() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_model_translate_null\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_model mdl = Z3_mk_model(ctx);
+    Z3_model_inc_ref(ctx, mdl);
+
+    // Z3_model_translate(ctx, mdl, nullptr) would crash
+    std::cout << "  [BUG DOCUMENTED] Z3_model_translate(ctx, mdl, nullptr) would crash\n";
+
+    // Show valid usage
+    Z3_context ctx2 = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_model mdl2 = Z3_model_translate(ctx, mdl, ctx2);
+    if (mdl2 != nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "  Valid model_translate works\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_model_dec_ref(ctx, mdl);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx2);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED (bug documented)\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 19: Z3_mk_bvadd_no_overflow signed case incomplete
+//
+// Location: api_bv.cpp
+// The signed overflow check for bvadd misses the case where both operands
+// are negative and their sum overflows to positive (negative overflow).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_bvadd_no_overflow_signed() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_bvadd_no_overflow_signed\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  [ERROR HANDLER] code=" << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    Z3_sort bv8 = Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx, 8);
+    Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"), bv8);
+    Z3_ast y = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "y"), bv8);
+
+    // Create signed no-overflow constraint
+    Z3_ast no_ovf = Z3_mk_bvadd_no_overflow(ctx, x, y, true);
+
+    // Create constraint that x = -100, y = -100 (sum = -200 which overflows 8-bit signed)
+    Z3_ast neg100 = Z3_mk_int(ctx, -100, bv8);
+    Z3_ast eq_x = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, x, neg100);
+    Z3_ast eq_y = Z3_mk_eq(ctx, y, neg100);
+
+    Z3_solver s = Z3_mk_solver(ctx);
+    Z3_solver_inc_ref(ctx, s);
+    Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, no_ovf);
+    Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, eq_x);
+    Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, eq_y);
+
+    Z3_lbool result = Z3_solver_check(ctx, s);
+    std::cout << "  bvadd_no_overflow(signed) with -100 + -100 (8-bit): " << result << "\n";
+    if (result == Z3_L_TRUE) {
+        std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] Signed negative overflow not caught by bvadd_no_overflow\n";
+    }
+    else {
+        std::cout << "  Overflow correctly detected\n";
+    }
+
+    Z3_solver_dec_ref(ctx, s);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BUG 20: Z3_get_as_array_func_decl with non-array expression
+//
+// Location: api_model.cpp
+// Function calls is_app_of(to_expr(a), array_fid, OP_AS_ARRAY) but if
+// the expression is not an array-related term, the assertion may fail
+// or return garbage.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void test_bug_get_as_array_non_array() {
+    std::cout << "test_bug_get_as_array_non_array\n";
+    Z3_context ctx = mk_ctx();
+
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 42, int_sort);
+
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, [](Z3_context, Z3_error_code e) {
+        std::cout << "  Error handler caught code: " << e << "\n";
+    });
+
+    // Pass an integer to get_as_array_func_decl - should be rejected
+    bool is_as_array = Z3_is_as_array(ctx, x);
+    std::cout << "  Z3_is_as_array(42): " << is_as_array << "\n";
+
+    if (!is_as_array) {
+        // Calling get_as_array_func_decl on non-as_array term
+        Z3_func_decl fd = Z3_get_as_array_func_decl(ctx, x);
+        Z3_error_code err = Z3_get_error_code(ctx);
+        std::cout << "  get_as_array_func_decl(42): fd=" << (fd != nullptr ? "non-null" : "null")
+                  << " error=" << err << "\n";
+        if (err == Z3_OK && fd != nullptr) {
+            std::cout << "  [BUG CONFIRMED] No error for get_as_array_func_decl on non-array term\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+    std::cout << "  PASSED\n";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Entry point
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void tst_deep_api_bugs() {
+    // CRITICAL bugs - create invalid/corrupt objects
+    test_bug_fpa_sort_missing_return();
+    test_bug_array_sort_n_zero();
+    test_bug_optimize_unchecked_index();
+    test_bug_empty_enumeration();
+
+    // HIGH bugs - null pointer dereferences (documented, not triggered to avoid crash)
+    test_bug_mk_string_null();
+    test_bug_mk_lstring_overread();
+    test_bug_translate_null_target();
+    test_bug_add_func_interp_null_model();
+    test_bug_model_get_const_interp_null();
+    test_bug_model_translate_null();
+    test_bug_substitute_null_arrays();
+
+    // HIGH bugs - validation bypasses
+    test_bug_optimize_soft_null_weight();
+    test_bug_re_loop_inverted_bounds();
+    test_bug_mk_pattern_zero();
+    test_bug_mk_map_arity_mismatch();
+    test_bug_array_sort_mismatch();
+    test_bug_bvadd_no_overflow_signed();
+    test_bug_get_as_array_non_array();
+
+    // MEDIUM bugs - logic errors
+    test_bug_propagator_variable_shadowing();
+    test_bug_solver_from_nonexistent_file();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/diff_logic.cpp b/src/test/diff_logic.cpp
index d8f1ee11c3..ba98f0d144 100644
--- a/src/test/diff_logic.cpp
+++ b/src/test/diff_logic.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ Author:
 Revision History:
 
 --*/
-#ifdef _WINDOWS
 #include "util/rational.h"
 #include "smt/diff_logic.h"
 #include "smt/smt_literal.h"
@@ -169,7 +168,3 @@ void tst_diff_logic() {
     //tst2();
     //tst3();
 }
-#else
-void tst_diff_logic() {
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/src/test/dl_product_relation.cpp b/src/test/dl_product_relation.cpp
index 942714560b..9d841e421e 100644
--- a/src/test/dl_product_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/test/dl_product_relation.cpp
@@ -351,7 +351,6 @@ namespace datalog {
 
 using namespace datalog;
 
-#ifdef _WINDOWS
 void tst_dl_product_relation() {
     smt_params fparams;
     params_ref params;
@@ -362,7 +361,3 @@ void tst_dl_product_relation() {
     test_finite_product_relation(fparams, params);
     
 }
-#else
-void tst_dl_product_relation() {}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/test/dl_relation.cpp b/src/test/dl_relation.cpp
index 1646350f28..709712bc35 100644
--- a/src/test/dl_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/test/dl_relation.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         i5->deallocate();
         dealloc(join1);
         dealloc(proj1);
+        dealloc(proj2);
         dealloc(ren1);
         dealloc(union1);
         dealloc(filterId1);
@@ -281,6 +282,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         i5->deallocate();
         dealloc(join1);
         dealloc(proj1);
+        dealloc(proj2);
         dealloc(ren1);
         dealloc(union1);
         dealloc(filterId1);
diff --git a/src/test/dl_table.cpp b/src/test/dl_table.cpp
index 0f429d2237..e435e70e69 100644
--- a/src/test/dl_table.cpp
+++ b/src/test/dl_table.cpp
@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ static void test_table(mk_table_fn mk_table) {
     sig.push_back(8);
     sig.push_back(4);
     smt_params params;
+    params_ref fp_params;
+    gparams::set("fp.engine", "datalog");
+    // fp_params.set_sym("fp.engine", symbol("datalog"));
     ast_manager ast_m;
     reg_decl_plugins(ast_m);
     datalog::register_engine re;
-    datalog::context ctx(ast_m, re, params);    
+    datalog::context ctx(ast_m, re, params, fp_params);    
     datalog::relation_manager & m = ctx.get_rel_context()->get_rmanager();
 
     m.register_plugin(alloc(datalog::bitvector_table_plugin, m));
@@ -48,13 +51,10 @@ static void test_table(mk_table_fn mk_table) {
     table.add_fact(row2);
     table.display(std::cout);
 
-    datalog::table_base::iterator it = table.begin();
-    datalog::table_base::iterator end = table.end();
-    for (; it != end; ++it) {
-        it->get_fact(row);
-        for (unsigned j = 0; j < row.size(); ++j) {
-            std::cout << row[j] << " ";
-        }
+    for (auto &r : table) {
+        r.get_fact(row);
+        for (auto v : row)
+            std::cout << v << " ";
         std::cout << "\n";
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/dl_util.cpp b/src/test/dl_util.cpp
index 8c9af0790e..4972980944 100644
--- a/src/test/dl_util.cpp
+++ b/src/test/dl_util.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation
 
 --*/
 
+#include "util/gparams.h"
 #include "muz/base/dl_util.h"
 
 using namespace datalog;
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ void dl_util_cycle_from_permutation() {
 }
 
 void tst_dl_util() {
+    gparams::set("fp.engine", "datalog");
     dl_util_two_array_sort();
     dl_util_cycle_from_permutation();
 }
diff --git a/src/test/dlist.cpp b/src/test/dlist.cpp
index e378ddec72..3c99edafce 100644
--- a/src/test/dlist.cpp
+++ b/src/test/dlist.cpp
@@ -30,28 +30,28 @@ public:
 // Test the prev() method
 void test_prev() {
     TestNode node(1);
-    SASSERT(node.prev() == &node);
+    ENSURE(node.prev() == &node);
     std::cout << "test_prev passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
 // Test the next() method
 static void test_next() {
     TestNode node(1);
-    SASSERT(node.next() == &node);
+    ENSURE(node.next() == &node);
     std::cout << "test_next passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
 // Test the const prev() method
 static void test_const_prev() {
     const TestNode node(1);
-    SASSERT(node.prev() == &node);
+    ENSURE(node.prev() == &node);
     std::cout << "test_const_prev passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
 // Test the const next() method
 static void test_const_next() {
     const TestNode node(1);
-    SASSERT(node.next() == &node);
+    ENSURE(node.next() == &node);
     std::cout << "test_const_next passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ static void test_const_next() {
 static void test_init() {
     TestNode node(1);
     node.init(&node);
-    SASSERT(node.next() == &node);
-    SASSERT(node.prev() == &node);
-    SASSERT(node.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node.next() == &node);
+    ENSURE(node.prev() == &node);
+    ENSURE(node.invariant());
     std::cout << "test_init passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ static void test_pop() {
     TestNode* list = nullptr;
     TestNode node1(1);
     TestNode::push_to_front(list, &node1);
-    TestNode* popped = TestNode::pop(list);
-    SASSERT(popped == &node1);
-    SASSERT(list == nullptr);
-    SASSERT(popped->next() == popped);
-    SASSERT(popped->prev() == popped);
+    [[maybe_unused]] TestNode* popped = TestNode::pop(list);
+    ENSURE(popped == &node1);
+    ENSURE(list == nullptr);
+    ENSURE(popped->next() == popped);
+    ENSURE(popped->prev() == popped);
     std::cout << "test_pop passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ static void test_insert_after() {
     TestNode node1(1);
     TestNode node2(2);
     node1.insert_after(&node2);
-    SASSERT(node1.next() == &node2);
-    SASSERT(node2.prev() == &node1);
-    SASSERT(node1.prev() == &node2);
-    SASSERT(node2.next() == &node1);
-    SASSERT(node1.invariant());
-    SASSERT(node2.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node1.next() == &node2);
+    ENSURE(node2.prev() == &node1);
+    ENSURE(node1.prev() == &node2);
+    ENSURE(node2.next() == &node1);
+    ENSURE(node1.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node2.invariant());
     std::cout << "test_insert_after passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ static void test_insert_before() {
     TestNode node1(1);
     TestNode node2(2);
     node1.insert_before(&node2);
-    SASSERT(node1.prev() == &node2);
-    SASSERT(node2.next() == &node1);
-    SASSERT(node1.next() == &node2);
-    SASSERT(node2.prev() == &node1);
-    SASSERT(node1.invariant());
-    SASSERT(node2.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node1.prev() == &node2);
+    ENSURE(node2.next() == &node1);
+    ENSURE(node1.next() == &node2);
+    ENSURE(node2.prev() == &node1);
+    ENSURE(node1.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node2.invariant());
     std::cout << "test_insert_before passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ static void test_remove_from() {
     TestNode::push_to_front(list, &node1);
     TestNode::push_to_front(list, &node2);
     TestNode::remove_from(list, &node1);
-    SASSERT(list == &node2);
-    SASSERT(node2.next() == &node2);
-    SASSERT(node2.prev() == &node2);
+    ENSURE(list == &node2);
+    ENSURE(node2.next() == &node2);
+    ENSURE(node2.prev() == &node2);
     std::cout << "test_remove_from passed." << std::endl;
 }
 #endif
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ static void test_push_to_front() {
     TestNode* list = nullptr;
     TestNode node1(1);
     TestNode::push_to_front(list, &node1);
-    SASSERT(list == &node1);
-    SASSERT(node1.next() == &node1);
-    SASSERT(node1.prev() == &node1);
+    ENSURE(list == &node1);
+    ENSURE(node1.next() == &node1);
+    ENSURE(node1.prev() == &node1);
     std::cout << "test_push_to_front passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -137,20 +137,20 @@ static void test_push_to_front() {
 static void test_detach() {
     TestNode node(1);
     TestNode::detach(&node);
-    SASSERT(node.next() == &node);
-    SASSERT(node.prev() == &node);
-    SASSERT(node.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node.next() == &node);
+    ENSURE(node.prev() == &node);
+    ENSURE(node.invariant());
     std::cout << "test_detach passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
 // Test the invariant() method
 static void test_invariant() {
     TestNode node1(1);
-    SASSERT(node1.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node1.invariant());
     TestNode node2(2);
     node1.insert_after(&node2);
-    SASSERT(node1.invariant());
-    SASSERT(node2.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node1.invariant());
+    ENSURE(node2.invariant());
     std::cout << "test_invariant passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@ static void test_contains() {
     TestNode node2(2);
     TestNode::push_to_front(list, &node1);
     TestNode::push_to_front(list, &node2);
-    SASSERT(TestNode::contains(list, &node1));
-    SASSERT(TestNode::contains(list, &node2));
+    ENSURE(TestNode::contains(list, &node1));
+    ENSURE(TestNode::contains(list, &node2));
     TestNode node3(3);
-    SASSERT(!TestNode::contains(list, &node3));
+    ENSURE(!TestNode::contains(list, &node3));
     std::cout << "test_contains passed." << std::endl;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/test/doc.cpp b/src/test/doc.cpp
index d4909a35dd..85acd1aebf 100644
--- a/src/test/doc.cpp
+++ b/src/test/doc.cpp
@@ -303,14 +303,13 @@ class test_doc_cls {
         bool_vector to_merge(N, false);
         bit_vector discard_cols;
         discard_cols.resize(N, false);
-        unsigned num_bits = 1;
         union_find_default_ctx union_ctx;
         subset_ints equalities(union_ctx);
         unsigned lo = N;
         equalities.mk_var();
         for (unsigned i = 1; i < N; ++i) {
             to_merge[i] = (m_ran(2) == 0);
-            if (!to_merge[i]) ++num_bits; else lo = i;
+            if (to_merge[i]) lo = i;
             equalities.mk_var();
         }
         if (lo == N) return;
@@ -436,7 +435,7 @@ public:
         //sub:{xxx \ {1x0, 0x1}}
         //result:{100}
 
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
             udoc d1, d2;
             mk_rand_udoc(3, 3, d1);
             mk_rand_udoc(3, 3, d2);
@@ -453,7 +452,7 @@ public:
 
     void test_intersect() {
         expr_ref fml1(m), fml2(m), fml3(m);
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
             udoc d1, d2;
             mk_rand_udoc(3, 3, d1);
             mk_rand_udoc(3, 3, d2);
diff --git a/src/test/egraph.cpp b/src/test/egraph.cpp
index 916d7e18a6..52fe4c6eaa 100644
--- a/src/test/egraph.cpp
+++ b/src/test/egraph.cpp
@@ -116,12 +116,12 @@ static void test3() {
     g.merge(nx,  nz, justifications + 2);
     g.merge(nx,  nu, justifications + 3);
     g.propagate();
-    SASSERT(!g.inconsistent());
+    ENSURE(!g.inconsistent());
     g.merge(nx, ny, justifications + 4);
     std::cout << g << "\n";
     g.propagate();
     std::cout << g << "\n";
-    SASSERT(g.inconsistent());
+    ENSURE(g.inconsistent());
     ptr_vector<int> js;
     g.begin_explain();
     g.explain<int>(js, nullptr);
diff --git a/src/test/euf_arith_plugin.cpp b/src/test/euf_arith_plugin.cpp
index 92535d31dd..596db671b4 100644
--- a/src/test/euf_arith_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/test/euf_arith_plugin.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static void test2() {
     TRACE(plugin, tout << "before propagate\n" << g << "\n");
     g.propagate();
     TRACE(plugin, tout << "after propagate\n" << g << "\n");
-    SASSERT(nx->get_root() == ny->get_root());
+    ENSURE(nx->get_root() == ny->get_root());
     g.merge(get_node(g, a, a.mk_add(x, a.mk_add(y, y))), get_node(g, a, a.mk_add(y, x)), nullptr);
     g.propagate();
     std::cout << g << "\n";
diff --git a/src/test/euf_bv_plugin.cpp b/src/test/euf_bv_plugin.cpp
index b213a269c0..7a8722770f 100644
--- a/src/test/euf_bv_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/test/euf_bv_plugin.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ static void test1() {
     g.propagate();
     TRACE(bv, tout << "after propagate\n" << g << "\n");
     std::cout << g << "\n";
-    SASSERT(nx->get_root() == ny->get_root());
+    ENSURE(nx->get_root() == ny->get_root());
 }
 
 // propagate values down
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ static void test2() {
     expr_ref xx(bv.mk_concat(x1, bv.mk_concat(x2, x3)), m);
     g.merge(get_node(g, bv, xx), get_node(g, bv, bv.mk_numeral((1 << 27) + (1 << 17) + (1 << 3), 32)), nullptr);
     g.propagate();
-    SASSERT(get_node(g, bv, x1)->get_root()->interpreted());
-    SASSERT(get_node(g, bv, x2)->get_root()->interpreted());
-    SASSERT(get_node(g, bv, x3)->get_root()->interpreted());
-    SASSERT(get_node(g, bv, x)->get_root()->interpreted());
+    ENSURE(get_node(g, bv, x1)->get_root()->interpreted());
+    ENSURE(get_node(g, bv, x2)->get_root()->interpreted());
+    ENSURE(get_node(g, bv, x3)->get_root()->interpreted());
+    ENSURE(get_node(g, bv, x)->get_root()->interpreted());
 }
 
 
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ static void test3() {
     g.merge(get_node(g, bv, x1), get_node(g, bv, bv.mk_numeral(2, 8)), nullptr);
     g.merge(get_node(g, bv, x2), get_node(g, bv, bv.mk_numeral(8, 8)), nullptr);
     g.propagate();
-    SASSERT(get_node(g, bv, bv.mk_concat(x1, x2))->get_root()->interpreted());
-    SASSERT(get_node(g, bv, x1)->get_root()->interpreted());
-    SASSERT(get_node(g, bv, x2)->get_root()->interpreted());
+    ENSURE(get_node(g, bv, bv.mk_concat(x1, x2))->get_root()->interpreted());
+    ENSURE(get_node(g, bv, x1)->get_root()->interpreted());
+    ENSURE(get_node(g, bv, x2)->get_root()->interpreted());
 }
 
 // propagate extract up
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ static void test4() {
     g.merge(get_node(g, bv, x1), get_node(g, bv, a), nullptr);
     g.propagate();
     TRACE(bv, tout << g << "\n");
-    SASSERT(get_node(g, bv, bv.mk_extract(23, 8, x))->get_root() == get_node(g, bv, y)->get_root());
+    ENSURE(get_node(g, bv, bv.mk_extract(23, 8, x))->get_root() == get_node(g, bv, y)->get_root());
 }
 
 // iterative slicing
diff --git a/src/test/finite_set.cpp b/src/test/finite_set.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d113b15d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/finite_set.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    tst_finite_set.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Test finite sets decl plugin
+
+Author:
+
+    GitHub Copilot Agent 2025
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
+
+static void tst_finite_set_basic() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    
+    finite_set_util fsets(m);
+    arith_util arith(m);
+    
+    // Test creating a finite set sort
+    sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+    parameter param(int_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_int(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &param), m);
+    
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_finite_set(finite_set_int.get()));
+    
+    // Test creating empty set
+    app_ref empty_set(fsets.mk_empty(finite_set_int), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_empty(empty_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(empty_set->get_sort() == finite_set_int.get());
+
+    // Test set.singleton
+    expr_ref five(arith.mk_int(5), m);
+    app_ref singleton_set(fsets.mk_singleton(five), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_singleton(singleton_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(singleton_set->get_sort() == finite_set_int.get());
+
+    // Test set.range
+    expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+    expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+    app_ref range_set(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_range(range_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(range_set->get_sort() == finite_set_int.get());
+    
+    // Test set.union
+    app_ref union_set(fsets.mk_union(empty_set, range_set), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_union(union_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(union_set->get_sort() == finite_set_int.get());
+    
+    // Test set.intersect
+    app_ref intersect_set(fsets.mk_intersect(range_set, range_set), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_intersect(intersect_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(intersect_set->get_sort() == finite_set_int.get());
+    
+    // Test set.difference
+    app_ref diff_set(fsets.mk_difference(range_set, empty_set), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_difference(diff_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(diff_set->get_sort() == finite_set_int.get());
+    
+    // Test set.in
+    app_ref in_expr(fsets.mk_in(five, range_set), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_in(in_expr.get()));
+    ENSURE(m.is_bool(in_expr->get_sort()));
+    
+    // Test set.size
+    app_ref size_expr(fsets.mk_size(range_set), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_size(size_expr.get()));
+    ENSURE(arith.is_int(size_expr->get_sort()));
+    
+    // Test set.subset
+    app_ref subset_expr(fsets.mk_subset(empty_set, range_set), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_subset(subset_expr.get()));
+    ENSURE(m.is_bool(subset_expr->get_sort()));
+}
+
+static void tst_finite_set_map_filter() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    
+    finite_set_util fsets(m);
+    arith_util arith(m);
+    array_util autil(m);
+    
+    // Create Int and Bool sorts
+    sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+    sort_ref bool_sort(m.mk_bool_sort(), m);
+    
+    // Create finite set sorts
+    parameter int_param(int_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_int(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &int_param), m);
+    
+    // Create Array (Int Int) sort for map
+    sort_ref arr_int_int(autil.mk_array_sort(int_sort, int_sort), m);
+    
+    // Create a const array (conceptually represents the function)
+    app_ref arr_map(autil.mk_const_array(arr_int_int, arith.mk_int(42)), m);
+    
+    // Create a set and test map
+    expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+    expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+    app_ref range_set(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+    
+    app_ref mapped_set(fsets.mk_map(arr_map, range_set), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_map(mapped_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_finite_set(mapped_set->get_sort()));
+    
+    // Create Array (Int Bool) sort for filter
+    sort_ref arr_int_bool(autil.mk_array_sort(int_sort, bool_sort), m);
+    
+    // Create a const array for filter (conceptually represents predicate)
+    app_ref arr_filter(autil.mk_const_array(arr_int_bool, m.mk_true()), m);
+    
+    app_ref filtered_set(fsets.mk_filter(arr_filter, range_set), m);
+    ENSURE(fsets.is_filter(filtered_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(filtered_set->get_sort() == finite_set_int.get());
+}
+
+static void tst_finite_set_is_value() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+        
+    finite_set_util fsets(m);
+    arith_util arith(m);
+    finite_set_decl_plugin* plugin = static_cast<finite_set_decl_plugin*>(m.get_plugin(fsets.get_family_id()));
+  
+    // Create Int sort and finite set sort
+    
+    // Test with Int sort (should be fully interpreted)
+    sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+    parameter int_param(int_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_int(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &int_param), m);
+    
+    
+    // Test 1: Empty set is a value
+    app_ref empty_set(fsets.mk_empty(finite_set_int), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(empty_set.get()));
+    
+    // Test 2: Singleton with value element is a value
+    expr_ref five(arith.mk_int(5), m);
+    app_ref singleton_five(fsets.mk_singleton(five), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(singleton_five.get()));
+    
+    // Test 3: Union of empty and singleton is a value
+    app_ref union_empty_singleton(fsets.mk_union(empty_set, singleton_five), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(union_empty_singleton.get()));
+    
+    // Test 4: Union of two singletons with value elements is a value
+    expr_ref seven(arith.mk_int(7), m);
+    app_ref singleton_seven(fsets.mk_singleton(seven), m);
+    app_ref union_two_singletons(fsets.mk_union(singleton_five, singleton_seven), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(union_two_singletons.get()));
+    
+    // Test 5: Nested union of singletons and empty sets is a value
+    app_ref union_nested(fsets.mk_union(union_empty_singleton, singleton_seven), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(union_nested.get()));
+    
+    // Test 6: Union with empty set is a value
+    app_ref union_empty_empty(fsets.mk_union(empty_set, empty_set), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(union_empty_empty.get()));
+    
+    // Test 7: Triple union is a value
+    expr_ref nine(arith.mk_int(9), m);
+    app_ref singleton_nine(fsets.mk_singleton(nine), m);
+    app_ref union_temp(fsets.mk_union(singleton_five, singleton_seven), m);
+    app_ref union_triple(fsets.mk_union(union_temp, singleton_nine), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(union_triple.get()));
+    
+    // Test 8: Range is a value
+    expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+    expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+    app_ref range_set(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(range_set.get()));
+    
+    // Test 9: Union with range is  a value
+    app_ref union_with_range(fsets.mk_union(singleton_five, range_set), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(union_with_range.get()));
+    
+    // Test 10: Intersect is a value
+    app_ref intersect_set(fsets.mk_intersect(singleton_five, singleton_seven), m);
+    ENSURE(plugin->is_value(intersect_set.get()));
+    ENSURE(m.is_fully_interp(int_sort));
+    ENSURE(m.is_fully_interp(finite_set_int));
+}
+
+static void tst_finite_set_is_fully_interp() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    
+    finite_set_util fsets(m);
+    
+    // Test with Bool sort (should be fully interpreted)
+    sort_ref bool_sort(m.mk_bool_sort(), m);
+    parameter bool_param(bool_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_bool(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &bool_param), m);
+    
+    ENSURE(m.is_fully_interp(bool_sort));
+    ENSURE(m.is_fully_interp(finite_set_bool));
+    
+    // Test with uninterpreted sort (should not be fully interpreted)
+    sort_ref uninterp_sort(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("U")), m);
+    parameter uninterp_param(uninterp_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_uninterp(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &uninterp_param), m);
+    
+    ENSURE(!m.is_fully_interp(uninterp_sort));
+    ENSURE(!m.is_fully_interp(finite_set_uninterp));
+}
+
+static void tst_finite_set_sort_size() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    
+    finite_set_util fsets(m);
+    
+    // Test 1: Bool sort (size 2) -> FiniteSet(Bool) should have size 2^2 = 4
+    sort_ref bool_sort(m.mk_bool_sort(), m);
+    parameter bool_param(bool_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_bool(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &bool_param), m);
+    
+    sort_size const& bool_set_sz = finite_set_bool->get_num_elements();
+    ENSURE(bool_set_sz.is_finite());
+    ENSURE(!bool_set_sz.is_very_big());
+    ENSURE(bool_set_sz.size() == 4); // 2^2 = 4
+    
+    // Test 2: Create a finite sort with known size (e.g., BV with size 3)
+    // BV[3] has 2^3 = 8 elements, so FiniteSet(BV[3]) should have 2^8 = 256 elements
+    parameter bv_param(3);
+    sort_ref bv3_sort(m.mk_sort(m.mk_family_id("bv"), 0, 1, &bv_param), m);
+    parameter bv3_param(bv3_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_bv3(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &bv3_param), m);
+    
+    sort_size const& bv3_set_sz = finite_set_bv3->get_num_elements();
+    ENSURE(bv3_set_sz.is_finite());
+    ENSURE(!bv3_set_sz.is_very_big());
+    ENSURE(bv3_set_sz.size() == 256); // 2^8 = 256
+    
+    // Test 3: BV with size 5 -> BV[5] has 2^5 = 32 elements
+    // Since 32 > 30, FiniteSet(BV[5]) should be marked as very_big
+    parameter bv5_param(5);
+    sort_ref bv5_sort(m.mk_sort(m.mk_family_id("bv"), 0, 1, &bv5_param), m);
+    parameter bv5_set_param(bv5_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_bv5(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &bv5_set_param), m);
+    
+    sort_size const& bv5_set_sz = finite_set_bv5->get_num_elements();
+    ENSURE(bv5_set_sz.is_very_big());
+    
+    // Test 4: Int sort (infinite) -> FiniteSet(Int) should be infinite
+    arith_util arith(m);
+    sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+    parameter int_param(int_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_int(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &int_param), m);
+    
+    sort_size const& int_set_sz = finite_set_int->get_num_elements();
+    ENSURE(int_set_sz.is_infinite());
+    
+    // Test 5: BV with size 4 -> BV[4] has 2^4 = 16 elements
+    // FiniteSet(BV[4]) should have 2^16 = 65536 elements
+    parameter bv4_param(4);
+    sort_ref bv4_sort(m.mk_sort(m.mk_family_id("bv"), 0, 1, &bv4_param), m);
+    parameter bv4_set_param(bv4_sort.get());
+    sort_ref finite_set_bv4(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &bv4_set_param), m);
+    
+    sort_size const& bv4_set_sz = finite_set_bv4->get_num_elements();
+    ENSURE(bv4_set_sz.is_finite());
+    ENSURE(!bv4_set_sz.is_very_big());
+    ENSURE(bv4_set_sz.size() == 65536); // 2^16 = 65536
+}
+
+void tst_finite_set() {
+    tst_finite_set_basic();
+    tst_finite_set_map_filter();
+    tst_finite_set_is_value();
+    tst_finite_set_is_fully_interp();
+    tst_finite_set_sort_size();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/finite_set_rewriter.cpp b/src/test/finite_set_rewriter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2d80ab985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/finite_set_rewriter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    finite_set_rewriter.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Test finite set rewriter
+
+Author:
+
+    GitHub Copilot Agent 2025
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/finite_set_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/finite_set_rewriter.h"
+
+class finite_set_rewriter_test {
+public:
+    void test_union_idempotent() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create a set
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+
+        // Test set.union(s1, s1) -> s1
+        app_ref union_app(fsets.mk_union(s1, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        br_status st = rw.mk_app_core(union_app->get_decl(), union_app->get_num_args(), union_app->get_args(), result);
+
+        ENSURE(st == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result == s1);
+    }
+
+    void test_intersect_idempotent() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create a set
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+
+        // Test set.intersect(s1, s1) -> s1
+        app_ref intersect_app(fsets.mk_intersect(s1, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        br_status st =
+            rw.mk_app_core(intersect_app->get_decl(), intersect_app->get_num_args(), intersect_app->get_args(), result);
+
+        ENSURE(st == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result == s1);
+    }
+
+    void test_difference_same() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create a set
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+
+        // Test set.difference(s1, s1) -> empty
+        app_ref diff_app(fsets.mk_difference(s1, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        br_status st = rw.mk_app_core(diff_app->get_decl(), diff_app->get_num_args(), diff_app->get_args(), result);
+
+        ENSURE(st == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(fsets.is_empty(result));
+    }
+
+    void test_subset_rewrite() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create two sets
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        expr_ref twenty(arith.mk_int(20), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+        app_ref s2(fsets.mk_range(zero, twenty), m);
+
+        // Test set.subset(s1, s2) -> set.intersect(s1, s2) = s1
+        app_ref subset_app(fsets.mk_subset(s1, s2), m);
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        br_status st =
+            rw.mk_app_core(subset_app->get_decl(), subset_app->get_num_args(), subset_app->get_args(), result);
+
+        ENSURE(st == BR_REWRITE3);
+        ENSURE(m.is_eq(result));
+
+        // Check that result is an equality
+        app *eq = to_app(result);
+        ENSURE(eq->get_num_args() == 2);
+
+        // The left side should be set.intersect(s1, s2)
+        expr *lhs = eq->get_arg(0);
+        ENSURE(fsets.is_intersect(lhs));
+
+        // The right side should be s1
+        expr *rhs = eq->get_arg(1);
+        ENSURE(rhs == s1);
+    }
+
+    void test_mk_app_core() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create sets
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+
+        // Test union through mk_app_core
+        app_ref union_app(fsets.mk_union(s1, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        br_status st = rw.mk_app_core(union_app->get_decl(), union_app->get_num_args(), union_app->get_args(), result);
+
+        ENSURE(st == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result == s1);
+    }
+
+    void test_union_with_empty() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create a set and empty set
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+        app_ref empty_set(fsets.mk_empty(s1->get_sort()), m);
+
+        // Test set.union(s1, empty) -> s1
+        app_ref union_app1(fsets.mk_union(s1, empty_set), m);
+        expr_ref result1(m);
+        br_status st1 =
+            rw.mk_app_core(union_app1->get_decl(), union_app1->get_num_args(), union_app1->get_args(), result1);
+        ENSURE(st1 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result1 == s1);
+
+        // Test set.union(empty, s1) -> s1
+        app_ref union_app2(fsets.mk_union(empty_set, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result2(m);
+        br_status st2 =
+            rw.mk_app_core(union_app2->get_decl(), union_app2->get_num_args(), union_app2->get_args(), result2);
+        ENSURE(st2 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result2 == s1);
+    }
+
+    void test_intersect_with_empty() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create a set and empty set
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+        app_ref empty_set(fsets.mk_empty(s1->get_sort()), m);
+
+        // Test set.intersect(s1, empty) -> empty
+        app_ref intersect_app1(fsets.mk_intersect(s1, empty_set), m);
+        expr_ref result1(m);
+        br_status st1 = rw.mk_app_core(intersect_app1->get_decl(), intersect_app1->get_num_args(),
+                                       intersect_app1->get_args(), result1);
+        ENSURE(st1 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result1 == empty_set);
+
+        // Test set.intersect(empty, s1) -> empty
+        app_ref intersect_app2(fsets.mk_intersect(empty_set, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result2(m);
+        br_status st2 = rw.mk_app_core(intersect_app2->get_decl(), intersect_app2->get_num_args(),
+                                       intersect_app2->get_args(), result2);
+        ENSURE(st2 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result2 == empty_set);
+    }
+
+    void test_difference_with_empty() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create a set and empty set
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+        app_ref empty_set(fsets.mk_empty(s1->get_sort()), m);
+
+        // Test set.difference(s1, empty) -> s1
+        app_ref diff_app1(fsets.mk_difference(s1, empty_set), m);
+        expr_ref result1(m);
+        br_status st1 =
+            rw.mk_app_core(diff_app1->get_decl(), diff_app1->get_num_args(), diff_app1->get_args(), result1);
+        ENSURE(st1 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result1 == s1);
+
+        // Test set.difference(empty, s1) -> empty
+        app_ref diff_app2(fsets.mk_difference(empty_set, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result2(m);
+        br_status st2 =
+            rw.mk_app_core(diff_app2->get_decl(), diff_app2->get_num_args(), diff_app2->get_args(), result2);
+        ENSURE(st2 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(result2 == empty_set);
+    }
+
+    void test_subset_with_empty() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create a set and empty set
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref zero(arith.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref s1(fsets.mk_range(zero, ten), m);
+        app_ref empty_set(fsets.mk_empty(s1->get_sort()), m);
+
+        // Test set.subset(empty, s1) -> true
+        app_ref subset_app1(fsets.mk_subset(empty_set, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result1(m);
+        br_status st1 =
+            rw.mk_app_core(subset_app1->get_decl(), subset_app1->get_num_args(), subset_app1->get_args(), result1);
+        ENSURE(st1 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(m.is_true(result1));
+
+        // Test set.subset(s1, s1) -> true
+        app_ref subset_app2(fsets.mk_subset(s1, s1), m);
+        expr_ref result2(m);
+        br_status st2 =
+            rw.mk_app_core(subset_app2->get_decl(), subset_app2->get_num_args(), subset_app2->get_args(), result2);
+        ENSURE(st2 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(m.is_true(result2));
+    }
+
+    void test_in_singleton() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create elements and singleton
+        expr_ref five(arith.mk_int(5), m);
+        expr_ref ten(arith.mk_int(10), m);
+        app_ref singleton_five(fsets.mk_singleton(five), m);
+
+        // Test set.in(five, singleton(five)) -> true
+        app_ref in_app1(fsets.mk_in(five, singleton_five), m);
+        expr_ref result1(m);
+        br_status st1 = rw.mk_app_core(in_app1->get_decl(), in_app1->get_num_args(), in_app1->get_args(), result1);
+        ENSURE(st1 == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(m.is_true(result1));
+
+        // Test set.in(ten, singleton(five)) -> ten = five
+        app_ref in_app2(fsets.mk_in(ten, singleton_five), m);
+        expr_ref result2(m);
+        br_status st2 = rw.mk_app_core(in_app2->get_decl(), in_app2->get_num_args(), in_app2->get_args(), result2);
+        ENSURE(st2 == BR_REWRITE1);
+        ENSURE(m.is_eq(result2));
+    }
+
+    void test_in_empty() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+
+        finite_set_util fsets(m);
+        finite_set_rewriter rw(m);
+        arith_util arith(m);
+
+        // Create element and empty set
+        sort_ref int_sort(arith.mk_int(), m);
+        expr_ref five(arith.mk_int(5), m);
+        parameter param(int_sort.get());
+        sort_ref set_sort(m.mk_sort(fsets.get_family_id(), FINITE_SET_SORT, 1, &param), m);
+        app_ref empty_set(fsets.mk_empty(set_sort), m);
+
+        // Test set.in(five, empty) -> false
+        app_ref in_app(fsets.mk_in(five, empty_set), m);
+        expr_ref result(m);
+        br_status st = rw.mk_app_core(in_app->get_decl(), in_app->get_num_args(), in_app->get_args(), result);
+        ENSURE(st == BR_DONE);
+        ENSURE(m.is_false(result));
+    }
+};
+
+void tst_finite_set_rewriter() {
+    finite_set_rewriter_test test;
+    test.test_union_idempotent();
+    test.test_intersect_idempotent();
+    test.test_difference_same();
+    test.test_subset_rewrite();
+    test.test_mk_app_core();
+    test.test_union_with_empty();
+    test.test_intersect_with_empty();
+    test.test_difference_with_empty();
+    test.test_subset_with_empty();
+    test.test_in_singleton();
+    test.test_in_empty();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/fpa.cpp b/src/test/fpa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..632865cee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/fpa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+--*/
+
+// Regression tests for floating-point arithmetic encoding and model generation.
+
+#include "api/z3.h"
+#include "util/debug.h"
+#include <string.h>
+
+static void run_fp_test(const char * assertion, bool expect_sat) {
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(nullptr);
+    const char * result = Z3_eval_smtlib2_string(ctx, assertion);
+    if (expect_sat) {
+        ENSURE(strstr(result, "sat") != nullptr);
+        ENSURE(strstr(result, "unsat") == nullptr);
+    } else {
+        ENSURE(strstr(result, "unsat") != nullptr);
+    }
+    ENSURE(strstr(result, "invalid") == nullptr);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+// Test that fp.to_real produces correct values for denormal floating-point numbers.
+// Regression test for: incorrect model with (_ FloatingPoint 2 24) and fp.to_real.
+// Denormal numbers require subtracting the normalization shift (lz) from the exponent;
+// without this fix, denormals in fp.to_real were ~2^lz times too large.
+static void test_fp_to_real_denormal() {
+    // Test 1: the specific denormal from the bug report (fp #b0 #b00 #b00111011011111001011101)
+    // has fp.to_real ~= 0.232, which must NOT be > 1.0
+    run_fp_test(
+        "(set-option :model_validate true)\n"
+        "(assert (> (fp.to_real (fp #b0 #b00 #b00111011011111001011101)) 1.0))\n"
+        "(check-sat)\n",
+        false);
+
+    // Test 2: denormal with leading significand bit = 1, fp.to_real should be 0.5
+    // (fp #b0 #b00 #b10000000000000000000000) in (_ FloatingPoint 2 24)
+    run_fp_test(
+        "(set-option :model_validate true)\n"
+        "(assert (= (fp.to_real (fp #b0 #b00 #b10000000000000000000000)) (/ 1.0 2.0)))\n"
+        "(check-sat)\n",
+        true);
+
+    // Test 3: denormal with significand bit pattern giving fp.to_real = 0.125
+    // (fp #b0 #b00 #b00100000000000000000000) in (_ FloatingPoint 2 24)
+    run_fp_test(
+        "(set-option :model_validate true)\n"
+        "(assert (= (fp.to_real (fp #b0 #b00 #b00100000000000000000000)) (/ 1.0 8.0)))\n"
+        "(check-sat)\n",
+        true);
+
+    // Test 4: a normal value (fp #b0 #b01 #b11111111111111111111111) must be > 1.0
+    // This is the maximum finite normal number in (_ FloatingPoint 2 24)
+    run_fp_test(
+        "(set-option :model_validate true)\n"
+        "(assert (> (fp.to_real (fp #b0 #b01 #b11111111111111111111111)) 1.0))\n"
+        "(check-sat)\n",
+        true);
+}
+
+// Regression test for soundness bug in to_fp (from real) with symbolic real interval.
+// When the rounding mode is RTZ and the real variable is constrained to an interval
+// that includes the exact rational value of a float, Z3 should return SAT.
+// This was broken because mk_to_real computed 2^(1/|exp|) instead of 1/(2^|exp|)
+// for floats with negative exponents, causing a conflict in the NRA solver.
+static void test_to_fp_from_real_interval() {
+    // The interval (-4127125/16777216, -16508499/67108864] contains -16508499/67108864
+    // which is the exact rational value of fp #b1 #b01111100 #b11110111110011001010011.
+    // to_fp(RTZ, r) for r in this closed interval must equal that float.
+    run_fp_test(
+        "(set-logic QF_FPLRA)\n"
+        "(declare-const x Float32)\n"
+        "(assert (= x (fp #b1 #b01111100 #b11110111110011001010011)))\n"
+        "(declare-const r Real)\n"
+        "(assert (and (> r (- (/ 4127125.0 16777216.0))) (<= r (- (/ 16508499.0 67108864.0)))))\n"
+        "(declare-const w Float32)\n"
+        "(assert (= w ((_ to_fp 8 24) RTZ r)))\n"
+        "(assert (= x w))\n"
+        "(check-sat)\n",
+        true);
+}
+
+static void test_recfun_defined_function_soundness() {
+    run_fp_test(
+        "(set-option :model_validate true)\n"
+        "(declare-fun fixedAdd () Int)\n"
+        "(declare-fun variableAdd () Int)\n"
+        "(define-fun-rec $$add$$ ((a Int) (b Int)) Int\n"
+        "  (ite (= 0 b) 2 (- a (+ 0 (- fixedAdd b)))))\n"
+        "(assert (= fixedAdd (* 9 fixedAdd)))\n"
+        "(assert (= 1 ($$add$$ 1 3)))\n"
+        "(check-sat)\n",
+        false);
+}
+
+void tst_fpa() {
+    test_fp_to_real_denormal();
+    test_to_fp_from_real_interval();
+    test_recfun_defined_function_soundness();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/fuzzing/expr_delta.cpp b/src/test/fuzzing/expr_delta.cpp
index b087cc35a6..aa583ace7a 100644
--- a/src/test/fuzzing/expr_delta.cpp
+++ b/src/test/fuzzing/expr_delta.cpp
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ bool expr_delta::delta_dfs(unsigned& n, expr* e, expr_ref& result) {
     }
     else if (is_app(e)) {        
         if (m.is_bool(e)) {
-            SASSERT(n >= 2);
+            ENSURE(n >= 2);
             n -= 2;
         }
         return delta_dfs(n, to_app(e), result);
     }
     else if (is_quantifier(e)) {
-        SASSERT(n >= 2);
+        ENSURE(n >= 2);
         n -= 2;
         quantifier* q = to_quantifier(e);
         if (delta_dfs(n, q->get_expr(), result)) {
diff --git a/src/test/fuzzing/expr_rand.cpp b/src/test/fuzzing/expr_rand.cpp
index c0ffcc767a..fe0e76a7a3 100644
--- a/src/test/fuzzing/expr_rand.cpp
+++ b/src/test/fuzzing/expr_rand.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ expr* expr_rand::choose_expr(sort* s) {
         if (!m_nodes.find(s, vals)) {
             UNREACHABLE();
         }
-        SASSERT(vals);
+        ENSURE(vals);
     }
     unsigned idx = m_random(vals->size());
     return (*vals)[idx].get();
diff --git a/src/test/hashtable.cpp b/src/test/hashtable.cpp
index 1f0b3fb75f..6874f2db1e 100644
--- a/src/test/hashtable.cpp
+++ b/src/test/hashtable.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ int vals[N];
 
 static void tst1() {
     int_set h1;
-    int size = 0;
     for (int i = 1; i < N; i ++) {
         int v = rand() % (N / 2);
         h1.insert(v);
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ static void tst2() {
             ENSURE(contains(h1, elem));
             n++;
         }
-        ENSURE(n == h1.size());
+        ENSURE(n == static_cast<int>(h1.size()));
     }
     ENSURE(h1.size() == h2.size());
     // std::cout << "size: " << h1.size() << ", capacity: " << h1.capacity() << "\n"; std::cout.flush();
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ void test_hashtable_iterators() {
     ht.insert(3);
     
     int count = 0;
-    for (const auto& elem : ht) {
+    for ([[maybe_unused]] const auto& elem : ht) {
         ++count;
     }
     VERIFY(count == 3);
diff --git a/src/test/hilbert_basis.cpp b/src/test/hilbert_basis.cpp
index 4aaca1355e..01cb6166a6 100644
--- a/src/test/hilbert_basis.cpp
+++ b/src/test/hilbert_basis.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ expr_ref hilbert_basis_validate::mk_validate(hilbert_basis& hb) {
         bool is_initial;
         hb.get_basis_solution(i, v, is_initial);
 
-        for (unsigned j = 0; xs.size() < v.size(); ++j) {
+        for (; xs.size() < v.size(); ) {
             xs.push_back(m.mk_fresh_const("x", a.mk_int()));
         }
 
diff --git a/src/test/ho_matcher.cpp b/src/test/ho_matcher.cpp
index dccd8af082..a6dee5891b 100644
--- a/src/test/ho_matcher.cpp
+++ b/src/test/ho_matcher.cpp
@@ -170,6 +170,147 @@ namespace euf {
             m_matcher.add_pattern(pat.get());
             m_matcher(pat, t, 3, 1);
         }
+
+            // Structural regression test derived from TPTP ANA067^1 (which fails
+            // under smt.ho_matching=true inside the full solver).
+            // pattern:  (select (select v0 v3) v2)   with v0 a doubly-nested array (flex head)
+            // term:     (select K ...)               matched term is itself array-sorted.
+            // Exercises imitation/projection of a flex head against an array-sorted
+            // term. The matcher must build only well-sorted bindings; the debug
+            // asserts in match_goals::push and mk_project catch any regression that
+            // commits an ill-sorted (extra array level) lambda/select.
+            void test7() {
+                sort_ref r(m_arith.mk_real(), m);
+                sort_ref arr_rb(m_array.mk_array_sort(r, m.mk_bool_sort()), m);      // (Array Real Bool)
+                sort_ref arr_r_rb(m_array.mk_array_sort(r, arr_rb), m);             // (Array Real (Array Real Bool))
+                sort_ref arr_r_r_rb(m_array.mk_array_sort(r, arr_r_rb), m);         // v0 sort
+
+                expr_ref v0(m.mk_var(0, arr_r_r_rb), m);
+                expr_ref v2(m.mk_var(2, r), m);
+                expr_ref v3(m.mk_var(3, r), m);
+                expr_ref pat(m_array.mk_select(v0, v3), m);
+                pat = m_array.mk_select(pat, v2);
+
+                expr_ref K(m.mk_const(symbol("K"), arr_r_rb), m);
+                expr_ref b(m.mk_const(symbol("b"), r), m);
+                expr_ref t(m_array.mk_select(K, b), m);
+
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "test7: " << pat << " =?= " << t << "\n";);
+                m_matcher.add_pattern(pat.get());
+                m_matcher(pat, t, 5);
+
+                // Faithful variant: the term index argument is itself
+                // (select fun (lambda (t) c)) as in ANA067^1, i.e. a term whose
+                // subterm is a function(array)-valued lambda. This forces the
+                // matcher to decompose/imitate against a lambda-bearing term.
+                sort_ref arr_rr(m_array.mk_array_sort(r, r), m);                    // (Array Real Real)
+                sort_ref fun_sort(m_array.mk_array_sort(arr_rr, r), m);            // (Array (Array Real Real) Real)
+                symbol tt("t");
+                sort* r_s = r.get();
+                expr_ref c0(m.mk_const(symbol("c0"), r), m);
+                expr_ref lam(m.mk_lambda(1, &r_s, &tt, c0), m);                    // (lambda (t Real) c0)
+                expr_ref fun(m.mk_const(symbol("fun"), fun_sort), m);
+                expr_ref idx(m_array.mk_select(fun, lam), m);                      // : Real
+                expr_ref t2(m_array.mk_select(K, idx), m);
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "test7b: " << pat << " =?= " << t2 << "\n";);
+                m_matcher.add_pattern(pat.get());
+                m_matcher(pat, t2, 5);
+            }
+
+            // Structural regression test derived from TPTP PHI008^4 (which fails
+            // under smt.ho_matching=true inside the full solver).
+            // pattern:  (select v3 v4)     v3 flex head, v4 a flex arg of an array sort
+            // term:     (select P ...)     P a concrete array constant.
+            // Exercises projecting/imitating a flex head over a function(array)-sorted
+            // argument (incl. a lambda-valued term arg). The matcher must build only
+            // well-sorted bindings; debug asserts guard against regressions.
+            void test8() {
+                sort_ref i(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("qML_i")), m);
+                sort_ref mu(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("qML_mu")), m);
+                sort_ref arr_ib(m_array.mk_array_sort(i, m.mk_bool_sort()), m);     // (Array qML_i Bool)
+                sort_ref arr_mu_ib(m_array.mk_array_sort(mu, arr_ib), m);           // (Array qML_mu (Array qML_i Bool))
+                sort_ref p_sort(m_array.mk_array_sort(arr_mu_ib, arr_ib), m);       // P sort
+
+                expr_ref v3(m.mk_var(3, p_sort), m);
+                expr_ref v4(m.mk_var(4, arr_mu_ib), m);
+                expr_ref pat(m_array.mk_select(v3, v4), m);
+
+                expr_ref P(m.mk_const(symbol("P"), p_sort), m);
+                expr_ref ell(m.mk_const(symbol("ell"), arr_mu_ib), m);
+                expr_ref t(m_array.mk_select(P, ell), m);
+
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "test8: " << pat << " =?= " << t << "\n";);
+                m_matcher.add_pattern(pat.get());
+                m_matcher(pat, t, 9);
+
+                // Variant with a lambda-valued term argument, mirroring PHI008's
+                // (select scott_P (lambda (Y) (lambda (Z) ...))) goal that forces
+                // the matcher to decompose a flex head against a lambda term.
+                symbol yv("Y");
+                sort* mu_s = mu.get();
+                expr_ref cbody(m.mk_const(symbol("C"), arr_ib), m);
+                expr_ref lam(m.mk_lambda(1, &mu_s, &yv, cbody), m);   // (lambda (Y qML_mu) C) : arr_mu_ib
+                expr_ref t2(m_array.mk_select(P, lam), m);
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "test8b: " << pat << " =?= " << t2 << "\n";);
+                m_matcher.add_pattern(pat.get());
+                m_matcher(pat, t2, 9);
+            }
+
+            // Structural regression test for the ITP127-style shape (fails under
+            // smt.ho_matching=true inside the full solver). The flex head H has an
+            // applied result sort that is *itself* an array (monomo = (Array d Bool)).
+            // Matching (select (select H x1) x2) =?= f where f is array-sorted is a
+            // case where imitation could build a lambda with an extra array level
+            // (an ill-sorted select). The matcher must build only well-sorted
+            // bindings; debug asserts guard against regressions.
+            void test9() {
+                sort_ref c(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("c")), m);
+                sort_ref d(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("d")), m);
+                sort_ref monomo(m_array.mk_array_sort(d, m.mk_bool_sort()), m);    // (Array d Bool)
+                sort_ref h1(m_array.mk_array_sort(c, monomo), m);                  // (Array c monomo)
+                sort_ref h2(m_array.mk_array_sort(c, h1), m);                      // (Array c (Array c monomo))
+
+                expr_ref H(m.mk_var(0, h2), m);
+                expr_ref x1(m.mk_var(1, c), m);
+                expr_ref x2(m.mk_var(2, c), m);
+                expr_ref pat(m_array.mk_select(H, x1), m);
+                pat = m_array.mk_select(pat, x2);                                  // (select (select H x1) x2) : monomo
+
+                expr_ref f(m.mk_const(symbol("f"), monomo), m);                    // f : (Array d Bool)
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "test9: " << pat << " =?= " << f << "\n";);
+                m_matcher.add_pattern(pat.get());
+                m_matcher(pat, f, 3);
+            }
+
+            // Faithful isolation test for the refine-time sort guard used by
+            // ho_matcher::refine_ho_match (throws "sort mismatch ..." on failure).
+            // Mirrors the SEV510^1 family where a bound-variable binding's sort
+            // disagrees with the pattern variable it would fill. subst_sorts_match
+            // must detect the mismatch (return false) and accept the matching case.
+            void test10() {
+                sort_ref int2int(m_array.mk_array_sort(m_int, m_int), m);
+                // pattern (select v0 v1): v0 is the array (idx 0), v1 the index (idx 1)
+                expr_ref v0(m.mk_var(0, int2int), m);
+                expr_ref v1(m.mk_var(1, m_int), m);
+                expr_ref pat(m_array.mk_select(v0, v1), m);
+
+                // std_order=true: var idx maps to s[size-idx-1], so idx0->s[1], idx1->s[0].
+                expr_ref arr(m.mk_const(symbol("arr"), int2int), m);
+                expr_ref i0(m_arith.mk_int(0), m);
+
+                // Well-sorted substitution: idx0 -> arr (array), idx1 -> 0 (int).
+                expr_ref_vector s_ok(m);
+                s_ok.push_back(i0);   // s[0] -> var idx 1 (Int) OK
+                s_ok.push_back(arr);  // s[1] -> var idx 0 (Array) OK
+                VERIFY(ho_matcher::subst_sorts_match(m, pat, s_ok, true));
+
+                // Ill-sorted substitution: idx0 (array var) bound to an Int -> mismatch.
+                expr_ref_vector s_bad(m);
+                s_bad.push_back(i0);  // s[0] -> var idx 1 (Int) OK
+                s_bad.push_back(i0);  // s[1] -> var idx 0 expects Array, got Int -> mismatch
+                VERIFY(!ho_matcher::subst_sorts_match(m, pat, s_bad, true));
+                IF_VERBOSE(0, verbose_stream() << "test10: subst_sorts_match detects sort mismatch\n";);
+            }
     };
 
 }
@@ -183,6 +324,10 @@ void tst_ho_matcher() {
         tm.test4();
         tm.test5();
         tm.test6();
+        tm.test7();
+        tm.test8();
+        tm.test9();
+        tm.test10();
     }
     catch (std::exception const& ex) {
         std::cout << ex.what() << "\n";
diff --git a/src/test/lcube.cpp b/src/test/lcube.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06acbf0fdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/lcube.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+/*++
+  Copyright (c) 2020 Microsoft Corporation
+
+  Module Name:
+
+  lcube.cpp
+
+  Abstract:
+
+  Tests for the largest cube test of Bromberger and Weidenbach
+  (Fast Cube Tests for LIA Constraint Solving, IJCAR 2016),
+  implemented in int_cube::find_largest_cube().
+
+  This file lives directly under src/test (not src/test/lp) so that the
+  scripts/mk_make.py build, which only compiles the top-level test
+  directory, links tst_lcube().
+
+  Author:
+
+  Lev Nachmanson (levnach)
+
+  --*/
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "util/debug.h"
+#include "util/params.h"
+#include "math/lp/int_cube.h"
+#include "math/lp/int_solver.h"
+#include "math/lp/lar_solver.h"
+#include "math/lp/numeric_pair.h"
+
+namespace lp {
+
+// tests for the largest cube test of Bromberger and Weidenbach
+namespace lcube_test {
+
+    struct ineq {
+        vector<std::pair<mpq, unsigned>> m_coeffs;
+        lconstraint_kind m_kind;
+        mpq m_rs;
+    };
+
+    // builds for every inequality a term with the bound and solves
+    static void setup(lar_solver& solver, const vector<ineq>& ineqs, svector<unsigned>* term_columns = nullptr) {
+        unsigned term_ext = 1000;
+        for (const auto& in : ineqs) {
+            unsigned t = solver.add_term(in.m_coeffs, term_ext++);
+            solver.add_var_bound(t, in.m_kind, in.m_rs);
+            if (term_columns)
+                term_columns->push_back(t);
+        }
+        auto st = solver.solve();
+        VERIFY(st == lp_status::OPTIMAL || st == lp_status::FEASIBLE);
+    }
+
+    static void verify_model(const lar_solver& solver, const vector<ineq>& ineqs) {
+        for (const auto& in : ineqs) {
+            impq v;
+            for (const auto& p : in.m_coeffs)
+                v += solver.get_column_value(p.second) * p.first;
+            switch (in.m_kind) {
+            case lconstraint_kind::LE: VERIFY(v <= impq(in.m_rs)); break;
+            case lconstraint_kind::GE: VERIFY(v >= impq(in.m_rs)); break;
+            default: VERIFY(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void verify_int_values(const lar_solver& solver, std::initializer_list<unsigned> vars) {
+        for (unsigned j : vars)
+            VERIFY(solver.get_column_value(j).is_int());
+    }
+
+    // The example of Bromberger and Weidenbach: 3x1 - x2 <= 0, -2x1 - x2 <= -2, -2x1 + x2 <= 1.
+    // The largest cube is smaller than the unit cube, the rounded center is not a solution,
+    // no coordinate flip repairs it (the only integer solution lies outside the lattice cell
+    // of the center): expect undef and an intact solver state.
+    static void test_paper_example_undef() {
+        std::cout << "lcube: paper example, expecting undef\n";
+        lar_solver solver;
+        unsigned x1 = solver.add_named_var(0, true, "x1");
+        unsigned x2 = solver.add_named_var(1, true, "x2");
+        vector<ineq> ineqs;
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(3), x1}, {mpq(-1), x2}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(0)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(-2), x1}, {mpq(-1), x2}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(-2)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(-2), x1}, {mpq(1), x2}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(1)});
+        setup(solver, ineqs);
+        int_solver i_s(solver);
+        solver.set_int_solver(&i_s);
+        lia_move m = int_cube(i_s).find_largest_cube();
+        std::cout << "lcube returned " << lia_move_to_string(m) << "\n";
+        VERIFY(m == lia_move::undef);
+        VERIFY(solver.ax_is_correct());
+    }
+
+    // 3x1 - x2 <= 0, -2x1 - x2 <= -1, -2x1 + x2 <= 1: the largest cube has
+    // edge 4/17 with the center (3/17, 1) that rounds to the solution (0, 1),
+    // while the unit cube test fails: the largest cube test is stronger here.
+    static void test_beats_unit_cube() {
+        std::cout << "lcube: beating the unit cube test\n";
+        lar_solver solver;
+        unsigned x1 = solver.add_named_var(0, true, "x1");
+        unsigned x2 = solver.add_named_var(1, true, "x2");
+        vector<ineq> ineqs;
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(3), x1}, {mpq(-1), x2}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(0)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(-2), x1}, {mpq(-1), x2}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(-1)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(-2), x1}, {mpq(1), x2}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(1)});
+        svector<unsigned> tcols;
+        setup(solver, ineqs, &tcols);
+        // move the solution to a fractional feasible point: the cube tests only
+        // run when the current solution has fractional integer variables
+        solver.set_column_value_test(x1, impq(mpq(1, 4)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(x2, impq(mpq(5, 4)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(tcols[0], impq(mpq(-1, 2)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(tcols[1], impq(mpq(-7, 4)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(tcols[2], impq(mpq(3, 4)));
+        int_solver i_s(solver);
+        solver.set_int_solver(&i_s);
+        lia_move m = int_cube(i_s)();
+        std::cout << "unit cube returned " << lia_move_to_string(m) << "\n";
+        VERIFY(m == lia_move::undef);
+        m = int_cube(i_s).find_largest_cube();
+        std::cout << "lcube returned " << lia_move_to_string(m) << "\n";
+        VERIFY(m == lia_move::sat);
+        verify_int_values(solver, {x1, x2});
+        verify_model(solver, ineqs);
+    }
+
+    // 9/10 <= x + y + r <= 11/10, -11/10 <= x - y + r <= 1/10, 0 <= r <= 1/10,
+    // x, y integer, r real. The real variable keeps the terms and their bounds
+    // non-integer. A fractional center, e.g. (1/2, 1/2), rounds to an infeasible
+    // point that is repaired by flipping one coordinate: expect sat.
+    static void test_flip_repair() {
+        std::cout << "lcube: rounding repair\n";
+        lar_solver solver;
+        unsigned x = solver.add_named_var(0, true, "x");
+        unsigned y = solver.add_named_var(1, true, "y");
+        unsigned r = solver.add_named_var(2, false, "r");
+        solver.add_var_bound(r, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(0));
+        solver.add_var_bound(r, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(1, 10));
+        vector<ineq> ineqs;
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(1), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(9, 10)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(1), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(11, 10)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(-1), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(-11, 10)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(-1), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(1, 10)});
+        setup(solver, ineqs);
+        int_solver i_s(solver);
+        solver.set_int_solver(&i_s);
+        lia_move m = int_cube(i_s).find_largest_cube();
+        std::cout << "lcube returned " << lia_move_to_string(m)
+                  << ", flip successes: " << solver.settings().stats().m_lcube_flip_success << "\n";
+        VERIFY(m == lia_move::sat);
+        verify_int_values(solver, {x, y});
+        verify_model(solver, ineqs);
+    }
+
+    // 3x + 5y >= 7 alone has infinite lattice width: the edge length is
+    // unbounded and any cube center of edge >= 1 rounds to a solution.
+    static void test_infinite_lattice_width() {
+        std::cout << "lcube: infinite lattice width\n";
+        lar_solver solver;
+        unsigned x = solver.add_named_var(0, true, "x");
+        unsigned y = solver.add_named_var(1, true, "y");
+        vector<ineq> ineqs;
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(3), x}, {mpq(5), y}}, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(7)});
+        setup(solver, ineqs);
+        int_solver i_s(solver);
+        solver.set_int_solver(&i_s);
+        lia_move m = int_cube(i_s).find_largest_cube();
+        std::cout << "lcube returned " << lia_move_to_string(m) << "\n";
+        VERIFY(m == lia_move::sat);
+        verify_int_values(solver, {x, y});
+        verify_model(solver, ineqs);
+    }
+
+    // 0 <= x + 2y + r <= 8, 0 <= x - 2y + r <= 8: the maximal edge length is
+    // 8/3 >= 1, so the rounded center is guaranteed to be a solution.
+    static void test_edge_at_least_one() {
+        std::cout << "lcube: edge length at least 1\n";
+        lar_solver solver;
+        unsigned x = solver.add_named_var(0, true, "x");
+        unsigned y = solver.add_named_var(1, true, "y");
+        unsigned r = solver.add_named_var(2, false, "r");
+        solver.add_var_bound(r, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(0));
+        solver.add_var_bound(r, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(1, 10));
+        vector<ineq> ineqs;
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(2), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(0)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(2), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(8)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(-2), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(0)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(-2), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(8)});
+        setup(solver, ineqs);
+        int_solver i_s(solver);
+        solver.set_int_solver(&i_s);
+        lia_move m = int_cube(i_s).find_largest_cube();
+        std::cout << "lcube returned " << lia_move_to_string(m) << "\n";
+        VERIFY(m == lia_move::sat);
+        verify_int_values(solver, {x, y});
+        verify_model(solver, ineqs);
+    }
+
+    // runs the flip-repair instance through int_solver::check() with the
+    // lp.lcube parameter set and the cube period lowered to 1: verifies the
+    // dispatch and the parameter plumbing
+    static void test_dispatch() {
+        std::cout << "lcube: dispatch through int_solver::check\n";
+        lar_solver solver;
+        params_ref p;
+        p.set_bool("lcube", true);
+        solver.settings().updt_params(p);
+        VERIFY(solver.settings().lcube());
+        solver.settings().m_int_find_cube_period = 1;
+        unsigned x = solver.add_named_var(0, true, "x");
+        unsigned y = solver.add_named_var(1, true, "y");
+        unsigned r = solver.add_named_var(2, false, "r");
+        solver.add_var_bound(r, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(0));
+        solver.add_var_bound(r, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(1, 10));
+        vector<ineq> ineqs;
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(1), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(9, 10)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(1), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(11, 10)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(-1), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::GE, mpq(-11, 10)});
+        ineqs.push_back(ineq{{{mpq(1), x}, {mpq(-1), y}, {mpq(1), r}}, lconstraint_kind::LE, mpq(1, 10)});
+        svector<unsigned> tcols;
+        setup(solver, ineqs, &tcols);
+        // a fractional feasible point, so that check() does not return sat right away
+        solver.set_column_value_test(x, impq(mpq(1, 2)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(y, impq(mpq(1, 2)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(r, impq(mpq(1, 10)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(tcols[0], impq(mpq(11, 10)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(tcols[1], impq(mpq(11, 10)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(tcols[2], impq(mpq(1, 10)));
+        solver.set_column_value_test(tcols[3], impq(mpq(1, 10)));
+        int_solver i_s(solver);
+        solver.set_int_solver(&i_s);
+        explanation ex;
+        lia_move m = i_s.check(&ex);
+        std::cout << "check returned " << lia_move_to_string(m)
+                  << ", lcube calls: " << solver.settings().stats().m_lcube_calls << "\n";
+        VERIFY(m == lia_move::sat);
+        VERIFY(solver.settings().stats().m_lcube_calls >= 1);
+        verify_int_values(solver, {x, y});
+        verify_model(solver, ineqs);
+    }
+
+    static void run() {
+        test_paper_example_undef();
+        test_beats_unit_cube();
+        test_flip_repair();
+        test_infinite_lattice_width();
+        test_edge_at_least_one();
+        test_dispatch();
+        std::cout << "lcube tests passed\n";
+    }
+} // namespace lcube_test
+}  // namespace lp
+
+void tst_lcube() {
+    lp::lcube_test::run();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/lp/gomory_test.h b/src/test/lp/gomory_test.h
index 7d8ab6bfed..2e1a55ee27 100644
--- a/src/test/lp/gomory_test.h
+++ b/src/test/lp/gomory_test.h
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ struct gomory_test {
             expl.add_pair(column_lower_bound_constraint(x_j), new_a);
         }
         else {
-            SASSERT(at_upper(x_j));
+            ENSURE(at_upper(x_j));
             if (a.is_pos()) {
                 new_a =   a / f_0; 
                 new_a.neg(); // the upper terms are inverted.
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ struct gomory_test {
     }
     
     void int_case_in_gomory_cut(const mpq & a, unsigned x_j, mpq & k, lar_term & t, explanation& expl, mpq & lcm_den, const mpq& f_0, const mpq& one_minus_f_0) {
-        SASSERT(is_integer(x_j));
-        SASSERT(!a.is_int());
-             SASSERT(f_0 > zero_of_type<mpq>() && f_0 < one_of_type<mpq>());
+        ENSURE(is_integer(x_j));
+        ENSURE(!a.is_int());
+             ENSURE(f_0 > zero_of_type<mpq>() && f_0 < one_of_type<mpq>());
         mpq f_j =  fractional_part(a);
         TRACE(gomory_cut_detail, 
               tout << a << " x_j = " << x_j << ", k = " << k << "\n";
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ struct gomory_test {
               tout << "1 - f_0: " << one_minus_f_0 << "\n";
               tout << "at_low(" << x_j << ") = " << at_low(x_j) << std::endl;
               );
-        SASSERT (!f_j.is_zero());
+        ENSURE (!f_j.is_zero());
         mpq new_a;
         if (at_low(x_j)) {
             if (f_j <= one_minus_f_0) {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ struct gomory_test {
             expl.add_pair(column_lower_bound_constraint(x_j), new_a);
         }
         else {
-            SASSERT(at_upper(x_j));
+            ENSURE(at_upper(x_j));
             if (f_j <= f_0) {
                 new_a = f_j / f_0;
             }
@@ -134,13 +134,13 @@ struct gomory_test {
     }
 
     void adjust_term_and_k_for_some_ints_case_gomory(lar_term& t, mpq& k, mpq &lcm_den) {
-        SASSERT(!t.is_empty());
+        ENSURE(!t.is_empty());
         auto pol = t.coeffs_as_vector();
         t.clear();
         if (pol.size() == 1) {
             TRACE(gomory_cut_detail, tout << "pol.size() is 1" << std::endl;);
             unsigned v = pol[0].second;
-            SASSERT(is_integer(v));
+            ENSURE(is_integer(v));
             const mpq& a = pol[0].first;
             k /= a;
             if (a.is_pos()) { // we have av >= k
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ struct gomory_test {
                       tout << pol[i].first << " " << pol[i].second << "\n";
                   }
                   tout << "k: " << k << "\n";);
-            SASSERT(lcm_den.is_pos());
+            ENSURE(lcm_den.is_pos());
             if (!lcm_den.is_one()) {
                 // normalize coefficients of integer parameters to be integers.
                 for (auto & pi: pol) {
                     pi.first *= lcm_den;
-                    SASSERT(!is_integer(pi.second) || pi.first.is_int());
+                    ENSURE(!is_integer(pi.second) || pi.first.is_int());
                 }
                 k *= lcm_den;
             }
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ struct gomory_test {
             k.neg();
         }
         TRACE(gomory_cut_detail, tout << "k = " << k << std::endl;);
-        SASSERT(k.is_int());
+        ENSURE(k.is_int());
     }
 
     void print_term(lar_term & t, std::ostream & out) {
diff --git a/src/test/lp/lp.cpp b/src/test/lp/lp.cpp
index 1ca176fae4..374c2e2aea 100644
--- a/src/test/lp/lp.cpp
+++ b/src/test/lp/lp.cpp
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ vector<int> allocate_basis_heading(
 
 void init_basic_part_of_basis_heading(vector<unsigned> &basis,
                                       vector<int> &basis_heading) {
-    SASSERT(basis_heading.size() >= basis.size());
+    ENSURE(basis_heading.size() >= basis.size());
     unsigned m = basis.size();
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
         unsigned column = basis[i];
@@ -564,6 +564,7 @@ void setup_args_parser(argument_parser &parser) {
                                        "test rationals using plus instead of +=");
     parser.add_option_with_help_string("--maximize_term", "test maximize_term()");
     parser.add_option_with_help_string("--patching", "test patching");
+    parser.add_option_with_help_string("--restore_x", "test restore_x");
 }
 
 struct fff {
@@ -580,7 +581,7 @@ void test_stacked_unsigned() {
     v = 3;
     v = 4;
     v.pop();
-    SASSERT(v == 2);
+    ENSURE(v == 2);
     v++;
     v++;
     std::cout << "before push v=" << v << std::endl;
@@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ void test_stacked_unsigned() {
     v += 1;
     std::cout << "v = " << v << std::endl;
     v.pop(2);
-    SASSERT(v == 4);
+    ENSURE(v == 4);
     const unsigned &rr = v;
     std::cout << rr << std::endl;
 }
@@ -754,22 +755,22 @@ void test_numeric_pair() {
     numeric_pair<lp::mpq> c(0.1, 0.5);
     a += 2 * c;
     a -= c;
-    SASSERT(a == b + c);
+    ENSURE(a == b + c);
     numeric_pair<lp::mpq> d = a * 2;
     std::cout << a << std::endl;
-    SASSERT(b == b);
-    SASSERT(b < a);
-    SASSERT(b <= a);
-    SASSERT(a > b);
-    SASSERT(a != b);
-    SASSERT(a >= b);
-    SASSERT(-a < b);
-    SASSERT(a < 2 * b);
-    SASSERT(b + b > a);
-    SASSERT(lp::mpq(2.1) * b + b > a);
-    SASSERT(-b * lp::mpq(2.1) - b < lp::mpq(0.99) * a);
+    ENSURE(b == b);
+    ENSURE(b < a);
+    ENSURE(b <= a);
+    ENSURE(a > b);
+    ENSURE(a != b);
+    ENSURE(a >= b);
+    ENSURE(-a < b);
+    ENSURE(a < 2 * b);
+    ENSURE(b + b > a);
+    ENSURE(lp::mpq(2.1) * b + b > a);
+    ENSURE(-b * lp::mpq(2.1) - b < lp::mpq(0.99) * a);
     std::cout << -b * lp::mpq(2.1) - b << std::endl;
-    SASSERT(-b * (lp::mpq(2.1) + 1) == -b * lp::mpq(2.1) - b);
+    ENSURE(-b * (lp::mpq(2.1) + 1) == -b * lp::mpq(2.1) - b);
     std::cout << -b * (lp::mpq(2.1) + 1) << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -858,7 +859,7 @@ void test_evidence_for_total_inf_simple(argument_parser &args_parser) {
     auto status = solver.solve();
     std::cout << lp_status_to_string(status) << std::endl;
     std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq> model;
-    SASSERT(solver.get_status() == lp_status::INFEASIBLE);
+    ENSURE(solver.get_status() == lp_status::INFEASIBLE);
 }
 void test_bound_propagation_one_small_sample1() {
     /*
@@ -1064,8 +1065,8 @@ void test_total_case_l() {
     // ls.solve();
     // my_bound_propagator bp(ls);
     // ls.propagate_bounds_for_touched_rows(bp);
-    // SASSERT(ev.size() == 4);
-    // SASSERT(contains_j_kind(x, GE, - one_of_type<mpq>(), ev));
+    // ENSURE(ev.size() == 4);
+    // ENSURE(contains_j_kind(x, GE, - one_of_type<mpq>(), ev));
 }
 void test_bound_propagation() {
     test_total_case_u();
@@ -1081,14 +1082,14 @@ void test_int_set() {
     indexed_uint_set s;
     s.insert(1);
     s.insert(2);
-    SASSERT(s.contains(2));
-    SASSERT(s.size() == 2);
+    ENSURE(s.contains(2));
+    ENSURE(s.size() == 2);
     s.remove(2);
-    SASSERT(s.size() == 1);
+    ENSURE(s.size() == 1);
     s.insert(3);
     s.insert(2);
     s.reset();
-    SASSERT(s.size() == 0);
+    ENSURE(s.size() == 0);
     std::cout << "done test_int_set\n";
 }
 
@@ -1196,12 +1197,12 @@ void get_random_interval(bool &neg_inf, bool &pos_inf, int &x, int &y) {
         pos_inf = false;
         if (!neg_inf) {
             y = x + my_random() % (101 - x);
-            SASSERT(y >= x);
+            ENSURE(y >= x);
         } else {
             y = my_random() % 100;
         }
     }
-    SASSERT((neg_inf || (0 <= x && x <= 100)) &&
+    ENSURE((neg_inf || (0 <= x && x <= 100)) &&
             (pos_inf || (0 <= y && y <= 100)));
 }
 
@@ -1632,7 +1633,7 @@ void test_maximize_term() {
     solver.add_var_bound(term_x_min_y, LE, zero_of_type<mpq>());
     solver.add_var_bound(term_2x_pl_2y, LE, mpq(5));
     solver.find_feasible_solution();
-    SASSERT(solver.get_status() == lp_status::OPTIMAL);
+    ENSURE(solver.get_status() == lp_status::OPTIMAL);
     std::cout << solver.constraints();
     std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq> model;
     solver.get_model(model);
@@ -1644,7 +1645,7 @@ void test_maximize_term() {
     lia_move lm = i_solver.check(&ex);
     VERIFY(lm == lia_move::sat);
     impq term_max;
-    lp_status st = solver.maximize_term(term_2x_pl_2y, term_max);
+    lp_status st = solver.maximize_term(term_2x_pl_2y, term_max, /*fix_int_cols*/ true);
 
     std::cout << "status = " << lp_status_to_string(st) << std::endl;
     std::cout << "term_max = " << term_max << std::endl;
@@ -1706,11 +1707,11 @@ void test_dio() {
     solver.add_var_bound(t1, LE, mpq(0));
     solver.add_var_bound(t1, GE, mpq(0));
 //    solver.find_feasible_solution();
-    //SASSERT(solver.get_status() == lp_status::OPTIMAL);
+    //ENSURE(solver.get_status() == lp_status::OPTIMAL);
     enable_trace("dioph_eq");
     enable_trace("dioph_eq_fresh");
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG     
-    auto r = i_solver.dio_test();
+    i_solver.dio_test();
 #endif    
     
 }
@@ -1753,18 +1754,136 @@ void test_gomory_cut() {
         matrix.add_rows(mpq(2), 0, 1); // row 1 = row 1 + 2 * row 0
 
         // Verify the results
-        SASSERT(matrix.get_elem(1, 0) == 5); // 3 + 2*1
-        SASSERT(matrix.get_elem(1, 1) == 4); // 0 + 2*2
-        SASSERT(matrix.get_elem(1, 2) == 4); // unchanged
+        ENSURE(matrix.get_elem(1, 0) == 5); // 3 + 2*1
+        ENSURE(matrix.get_elem(1, 1) == 4); // 0 + 2*2
+        ENSURE(matrix.get_elem(1, 2) == 4); // unchanged
 
         matrix.add_rows(mpq(-2), 0, 1);
-        SASSERT(matrix.get_elem(1, 0) == 3); // 5 - 2*1
-        SASSERT(matrix.get_elem(1, 1) == 0); // 4 - 2*2
-        SASSERT(matrix.get_elem(1, 2) == 4); // unchanged
+        ENSURE(matrix.get_elem(1, 0) == 3); // 5 - 2*1
+        ENSURE(matrix.get_elem(1, 1) == 0); // 4 - 2*2
+        ENSURE(matrix.get_elem(1, 2) == 4); // unchanged
     }
     
 void test_nla_order_lemma() { nla::test_order_lemma(); }
 
+void test_restore_x() {
+    std::cout << "testing restore_x" << std::endl;
+
+    // Test 1: backup shorter than current (new variables added after backup)
+    {
+        lar_solver solver;
+        lpvar x = solver.add_var(0, false);
+        lpvar y = solver.add_var(1, false);
+        solver.add_var_bound(x, GE, mpq(0));
+        solver.add_var_bound(x, LE, mpq(10));
+        solver.add_var_bound(y, GE, mpq(0));
+        solver.add_var_bound(y, LE, mpq(10));
+
+        vector<std::pair<mpq, lpvar>> coeffs;
+        coeffs.push_back({mpq(1), x});
+        coeffs.push_back({mpq(1), y});
+        unsigned t = solver.add_term(coeffs, 2);
+        solver.add_var_bound(t, GE, mpq(3));
+        solver.add_var_bound(t, LE, mpq(15));
+
+        auto status = solver.solve();
+        ENSURE(status == lp_status::OPTIMAL);
+
+        // Backup the current solution
+        solver.backup_x();
+
+        // Add a new variable with bounds, making the system larger
+        lpvar z = solver.add_var(3, false);
+        solver.add_var_bound(z, GE, mpq(1));
+        solver.add_var_bound(z, LE, mpq(5));
+
+        // restore_x should detect backup < current and call move_non_basic_columns_to_bounds
+        solver.restore_x();
+
+        // The solver should find a feasible solution
+        status = solver.get_status();
+        ENSURE(status == lp_status::OPTIMAL || status == lp_status::FEASIBLE);
+        std::cout << "  test 1 (backup shorter): " << lp_status_to_string(status) << " - PASSED" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    // Test 2: same-size backup (restore_x copies all elements directly)
+    {
+        lar_solver solver;
+        lpvar x = solver.add_var(0, false);
+        lpvar y = solver.add_var(1, false);
+        solver.add_var_bound(x, GE, mpq(0));
+        solver.add_var_bound(x, LE, mpq(10));
+        solver.add_var_bound(y, GE, mpq(0));
+        solver.add_var_bound(y, LE, mpq(10));
+
+        vector<std::pair<mpq, lpvar>> coeffs;
+        coeffs.push_back({mpq(1), x});
+        coeffs.push_back({mpq(1), y});
+        unsigned t = solver.add_term(coeffs, 2);
+        solver.add_var_bound(t, GE, mpq(2));
+
+        // Add more variables to make backup larger
+        lpvar z = solver.add_var(3, false);
+        solver.add_var_bound(z, GE, mpq(0));
+        solver.add_var_bound(z, LE, mpq(5));
+
+        auto status = solver.solve();
+        (void)status;
+        ENSURE(status == lp_status::OPTIMAL);
+
+        // Backup with the full system
+        solver.backup_x();
+
+        // restore_x with same-size backup should work fine
+        solver.restore_x();
+        std::cout << "  test 2 (same size backup): PASSED" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    // Test 3: move_non_basic_columns_to_bounds after solve
+    {
+        lar_solver solver;
+        lpvar x = solver.add_var(0, false);
+        lpvar y = solver.add_var(1, false);
+        solver.add_var_bound(x, GE, mpq(1));
+        solver.add_var_bound(x, LE, mpq(10));
+        solver.add_var_bound(y, GE, mpq(1));
+        solver.add_var_bound(y, LE, mpq(10));
+
+        auto status = solver.solve();
+        ENSURE(status == lp_status::OPTIMAL);
+
+        // Add new constraint: x + y >= 5
+        vector<std::pair<mpq, lpvar>> coeffs;
+        coeffs.push_back({mpq(1), x});
+        coeffs.push_back({mpq(1), y});
+        unsigned t = solver.add_term(coeffs, 2);
+        solver.add_var_bound(t, GE, mpq(5));
+        solver.add_var_bound(t, LE, mpq(15));
+
+        // Add another variable
+        lpvar w = solver.add_var(3, false);
+        solver.add_var_bound(w, GE, mpq(2));
+        solver.add_var_bound(w, LE, mpq(8));
+
+        // Solve expanded system, then move non-basic columns to bounds
+        status = solver.solve();
+        ENSURE(status == lp_status::OPTIMAL);
+        solver.move_non_basic_columns_to_bounds();
+        status = solver.get_status();
+        ENSURE(status == lp_status::OPTIMAL || status == lp_status::FEASIBLE);
+
+        // Verify the model satisfies the constraints
+        std::unordered_map<lpvar, mpq> model;
+        solver.get_model(model);
+        ENSURE(model[x] >= mpq(1) && model[x] <= mpq(10));
+        ENSURE(model[y] >= mpq(1) && model[y] <= mpq(10));
+        ENSURE(model[w] >= mpq(2) && model[w] <= mpq(8));
+        std::cout << "  test 3 (move_non_basic_columns_to_bounds): " << lp_status_to_string(status) << " - PASSED" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "restore_x tests passed" << std::endl;
+}
+
 void test_lp_local(int argn, char **argv) {
     // initialize_util_module();
     // initialize_numerics_module();
@@ -1792,6 +1911,10 @@ void test_lp_local(int argn, char **argv) {
         test_patching();
         return finalize(0);
     }
+    if (args_parser.option_is_used("--restore_x")) {
+        test_restore_x();
+        return finalize(0);
+    }
     if (args_parser.option_is_used("-nla_cn")) {
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
         nla::test_cn();
@@ -1848,28 +1971,28 @@ void test_lp_local(int argn, char **argv) {
 
     if (args_parser.option_is_used("-nla_blfmz_mf")) {
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
-        nla::test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_monomial_to_factors();
+      //  nla::test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_monomial_to_factors();
 #endif
         return finalize(0);
     }
 
     if (args_parser.option_is_used("-nla_blfmz_fm")) {
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
-        nla::test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_factors_to_monomial();
+        //nla::test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_factors_to_monomial();
 #endif
         return finalize(0);
     }
 
     if (args_parser.option_is_used("-nla_blnt_mf")) {
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
-        nla::test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_monomial_to_factors();
+       // nla::test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_monomial_to_factors();
 #endif
         return finalize(0);
     }
 
     if (args_parser.option_is_used("-nla_blnt_fm")) {
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
-        nla::test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_factors_to_monomial();
+      //  nla::test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_factors_to_monomial();
 #endif
         return finalize(0);
     }
@@ -1913,13 +2036,13 @@ void asserts_on_patching(const rational &x, const rational &alpha) {
     auto a2 = denominator(alpha);
     auto x1 = numerator(x);
     auto x2 = denominator(x);
-    SASSERT(a1.is_pos());
-    SASSERT(abs(a1) < abs(a2));
-    SASSERT(coprime(a1, a2));
-    SASSERT(x1.is_pos());
-    SASSERT(x1 < x2);
-    SASSERT(coprime(x1, x2));
-    SASSERT((a2 / x2).is_int());
+    ENSURE(a1.is_pos());
+    ENSURE(abs(a1) < abs(a2));
+    ENSURE(coprime(a1, a2));
+    ENSURE(x1.is_pos());
+    ENSURE(x1 < x2);
+    ENSURE(coprime(x1, x2));
+    ENSURE((a2 / x2).is_int());
 }
 void get_patching_deltas(const rational &x, const rational &alpha, rational &delta_0, rational &delta_1) {
     std::cout << "get_patching_deltas(" << x << ", " << alpha << ")" << std::endl;
@@ -1927,7 +2050,7 @@ void get_patching_deltas(const rational &x, const rational &alpha, rational &del
     auto a2 = denominator(alpha);
     auto x1 = numerator(x);
     auto x2 = denominator(x);
-    SASSERT(divides(x2, a2));
+    ENSURE(divides(x2, a2));
     // delta has to be integral.
     // We need to find delta such that x1/x2 + (a1/a2)*delta is integral.
     // Then a2*x1/x2 + a1*delta is integral, that means that t = a2/x2 is integral.
@@ -1941,17 +2064,17 @@ void get_patching_deltas(const rational &x, const rational &alpha, rational &del
     // We know that a2 and a1 are coprime, and x2 divides a2, so x2 and a1 are coprime.
     rational u, v;
     auto g = gcd(a1, x2, u, v);
-    SASSERT(g.is_one() && u.is_int() && v.is_int() && g == u * a1 + v * x2);
+    ENSURE(g.is_one() && u.is_int() && v.is_int() && g == u * a1 + v * x2);
     std::cout << "u = " << u << ", v = " << v << std::endl;
     std::cout << "x= " << (x1 / x2) << std::endl;
     std::cout << "x + (a1 / a2) * (-u * t) * x1 = " << x + (a1 / a2) * (-u * t) * x1 << std::endl;
-    SASSERT((x + (a1 / a2) * (-u * t) * x1).is_int());
+    ENSURE((x + (a1 / a2) * (-u * t) * x1).is_int());
     // 1 = (u- l*x2 ) * a1 + (v + l*a1)*x2, for every integer l.
     rational d = u * t * x1;
     delta_0 = mod(d, a2);
-    SASSERT(delta_0 > 0);
+    ENSURE(delta_0 > 0);
     delta_1 = delta_0 - a2;
-    SASSERT(delta_1 < 0);
+    ENSURE(delta_1 < 0);
     std::cout << "delta_0 = " << delta_0 << std::endl;
     std::cout << "delta_1 = " << delta_1 << std::endl;
 }
@@ -1979,10 +2102,10 @@ void test_patching_alpha(const rational &x, const rational &alpha) {
     rational delta_0, delta_1;
     get_patching_deltas(x, alpha, delta_0, delta_1);
 
-    SASSERT(delta_0 * delta_1 < 0);
+    ENSURE(delta_0 * delta_1 < 0);
 
-    SASSERT((x - alpha * delta_0).is_int());
-    SASSERT((x - alpha * delta_1).is_int());
+    ENSURE((x - alpha * delta_0).is_int());
+    ENSURE((x - alpha * delta_1).is_int());
     try_find_smaller_delta(x, alpha, delta_0, delta_1);
     // std::cout << "delta_minus = " << delta_minus << ", delta_1 = " << delta_1 << "\n";
     // std::cout << "x + alpha*delta_minus = " << x + alpha * delta_minus << "\n";
@@ -1993,7 +2116,7 @@ void find_a1_x1_x2_and_fix_a2(int &x1, int &x2, int &a1, int &a2) {
     x2 = (rand() % a2) + (int)(a2 / 3);
     auto g = gcd(rational(a2), rational(x2));
     a2 *= (x2 / numerator(g).get_int32());
-    SASSERT(rational(a2, x2).is_int());
+    ENSURE(rational(a2, x2).is_int());
     do {
         x1 = rand() % (unsigned)x2 + 1;
     } while (!coprime(x1, x2));
diff --git a/src/test/lp/nla_solver_test.cpp b/src/test/lp/nla_solver_test.cpp
index 1ec8fe8fae..34e1f90dbc 100644
--- a/src/test/lp/nla_solver_test.cpp
+++ b/src/test/lp/nla_solver_test.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void add_equality(int n_of_vars, var_eqs<emonics> & var_eqs, random_gen& rand, b
     while (a == b) {
         b = rand() % n_of_vars;
     }
-    SASSERT(a != b);
+    ENSURE(a != b);
     var_eqs.merge_plus(a, b, eq_justification({0}));
 }
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ void create_abcde(solver & nla,
     nla.add_monic(lp_be, vec.size(), vec.begin());
 }
 
-
+#if 0
 void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_factors_to_monomial_0() {
     std::cout << "test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_factors_to_monomial_0\n";
     enable_trace("nla_solver");
@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@ void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_factors_to_monomial_0() {
 
     
 }
+#endif
 
 void s_set_column_value_test(lp::lar_solver&s, lpvar j, const rational & v) {
     s.set_column_value_test(j, lp::impq(v));
@@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ void s_set_column_value_test(lp::lar_solver&s, lpvar j, const lp::impq & v) {
     s.set_column_value_test(j, v);
 }
 
+#if 0
 void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_factors_to_monomial_1() {
     std::cout << "test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_factors_to_monomial_1\n";
     TRACE(nla_solver,);
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@ void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_factors_to_monomial_1() {
 
     VERIFY(nla.get_core().test_check() == l_false);
     auto const& lemma = nla.get_core().lemmas();
-    SASSERT(lemma[0].size() == 4);
+    ENSURE(lemma[0].size() == 4);
     nla.get_core().print_lemma(lemma.back(), std::cout);
 
     lp::lar_term t0, t1, t2, t3;
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_factors_to_monomial() {
     VERIFY(nla.get_core().test_check() == l_false);
     auto const& lemma = nla.get_core().lemmas();
     nla.get_core().print_lemma(lemma.back(), std::cout);
-    SASSERT(lemma.size() == 1 && lemma[0].size() == 2);
+    ENSURE(lemma.size() == 1 && lemma[0].size() == 2);
     lp::lar_term t0, t1;
     t0.add_var(lp_b);
     t1.add_var(lp_be);
@@ -367,6 +369,7 @@ void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_factors_to_monomial() {
     VERIFY(found0 && found1);
 }
 
+
 void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_monomial_to_factors() {
     std::cout << "test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_monomial_to_factors\n";
     enable_trace("nla_solver");
@@ -420,6 +423,7 @@ void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_zero_from_monomial_to_factors() {
     
 }
 
+
 void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_monomial_to_factors() {
     std::cout << "test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_monomial_to_factors\n";
     enable_trace("nla_solver");
@@ -489,6 +493,7 @@ void test_basic_lemma_for_mon_neutral_from_monomial_to_factors() {
 
     VERIFY(found0 && found1);
 }
+#endif
 
 void test_horner() {
     enable_trace("nla_solver");
@@ -692,7 +697,7 @@ void test_order_lemma_params(bool var_equiv, int sign) {
    
     // set abef = cdij, while it has to be abef < cdij
     if (sign > 0) {
-        SASSERT(s.get_column_value(lp_ab) < s.get_column_value(lp_cd));
+        ENSURE(s.get_column_value(lp_ab) < s.get_column_value(lp_cd));
         // we have ab < cd
 
         // we need to have ab*ef < cd*ij, so let us make ab*ef > cd*ij
@@ -702,7 +707,7 @@ void test_order_lemma_params(bool var_equiv, int sign) {
         
     }
     else {
-        SASSERT(-s.get_column_value(lp_ab) < s.get_column_value(lp_cd));
+        ENSURE(-s.get_column_value(lp_ab) < s.get_column_value(lp_cd));
         // we need to have abef < cdij, so let us make abef < cdij
         s_set_column_value_test(s, lp_cdij, nla.get_core().mon_value_by_vars(mon_cdij));
         s_set_column_value_test(s, lp_abef, nla.get_core().mon_value_by_vars(mon_cdij)
@@ -717,7 +722,7 @@ void test_order_lemma_params(bool var_equiv, int sign) {
     // ineq q(llc::EQ, t, rational(0));
    
     nla.get_core().print_lemma(lemma.back(), std::cout);
-    // SASSERT(q == lemma.back());
+    // ENSURE(q == lemma.back());
     // ineq i0(llc::EQ, lp::lar_term(), rational(0));
     // i0.m_term.add_monomial(lp_bde);
     // i0.m_term.add_monomial(rational(1), lp_acd);
@@ -728,7 +733,7 @@ void test_order_lemma_params(bool var_equiv, int sign) {
     //     } 
     // }
 
-    // SASSERT(found);
+    // ENSURE(found);
     */
 }
 
diff --git a/src/test/lp/smt_reader.h b/src/test/lp/smt_reader.h
index 7f33d7c40c..97130a6662 100644
--- a/src/test/lp/smt_reader.h
+++ b/src/test/lp/smt_reader.h
@@ -117,13 +117,13 @@ namespace lp {
 
         void fill_simple_elem(lisp_elem & lm) {
             int separator = first_separator();
-            SASSERT(-1 != separator && separator != 0);
+            ENSURE(-1 != separator && separator != 0);
             lm.m_head = m_line.substr(0, separator);
             m_line = m_line.substr(separator);
         }
 
         void fill_nested_elem(lisp_elem & lm) {
-            SASSERT(m_line[0] == '(');
+            ENSURE(m_line[0] == '(');
             m_line = m_line.substr(1);
             int separator = first_separator();
             lm.m_head = m_line.substr(0, separator);
@@ -190,11 +190,11 @@ namespace lp {
         }
 
         void adjust_right_side(formula_constraint & /* c*/, lisp_elem & /*el*/) {
-            // SASSERT(el.m_head == "0"); // do nothing for the time being
+            // ENSURE(el.m_head == "0"); // do nothing for the time being
         }
 
         void set_constraint_coeffs(formula_constraint & c, lisp_elem & el) {
-            SASSERT(el.m_elems.size() == 2);
+            ENSURE(el.m_elems.size() == 2);
             set_constraint_coeffs_on_coeff_element(c, el.m_elems[0]);
             adjust_right_side(c, el.m_elems[1]);
         }
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ namespace lp {
                 add_mult_elem(c, el.m_elems);
             } else if (el.m_head == "~") {
                 lisp_elem & minel = el.m_elems[0];
-                SASSERT(minel.is_simple());
+                ENSURE(minel.is_simple());
                 c.m_right_side += mpq(str_to_int(minel.m_head));
             } else {
                 std::cout << "unexpected input " << el.m_head << std::endl;
@@ -220,14 +220,14 @@ namespace lp {
         }
 
         std::string get_name(lisp_elem & name) {
-            SASSERT(name.is_simple());
-            SASSERT(!is_integer(name.m_head));
+            ENSURE(name.is_simple());
+            ENSURE(!is_integer(name.m_head));
             return name.m_head;
         }
 
 
         void add_mult_elem(formula_constraint & c, std::vector<lisp_elem> & els) {
-            SASSERT(els.size() == 2);
+            ENSURE(els.size() == 2);
             mpq coeff = get_coeff(els[0]);
             std::string col_name = get_name(els[1]);
             c.add_pair(coeff, col_name);
@@ -237,16 +237,16 @@ namespace lp {
             if (le.is_simple()) {
                 return mpq(str_to_int(le.m_head));
             } else {
-                SASSERT(le.m_head == "~");
-                SASSERT(le.size() == 1);
+                ENSURE(le.m_head == "~");
+                ENSURE(le.size() == 1);
                 lisp_elem & el = le.m_elems[0];
-                SASSERT(el.is_simple());
+                ENSURE(el.is_simple());
                 return -mpq(str_to_int(el.m_head));
             }
         }
 
         int str_to_int(std::string & s) {
-            SASSERT(is_integer(s));
+            ENSURE(is_integer(s));
             return atoi(s.c_str());
         }
 
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ namespace lp {
             if (el.size()) {
                 add_complex_sum_elem(c, el);
             } else {
-                SASSERT(is_integer(el.m_head));
+                ENSURE(is_integer(el.m_head));
                 int v = atoi(el.m_head.c_str());
                 mpq vr(v);
                 c.m_right_side -= vr;
diff --git a/src/test/main.cpp b/src/test/main.cpp
index 063ef31d3f..3a3cab41db 100644
--- a/src/test/main.cpp
+++ b/src/test/main.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-#include<iostream>
-#include<time.h>
-#include<string>
-#include<cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
 #include "util/util.h"
 #include "util/trace.h"
 #include "util/debug.h"
@@ -10,6 +13,23 @@
 #include "util/memory_manager.h"
 #include "util/gparams.h"
 
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <chrono>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) && !defined(_WINDOWS)
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WINDOWS
+#define Z3_POPEN  _popen
+#define Z3_PCLOSE _pclose
+#else
+#define Z3_POPEN  popen
+#define Z3_PCLOSE pclose
+#endif
 
 //
 // Unit tests fail by asserting.
@@ -17,36 +37,187 @@
 // and print "PASS" to indicate success.
 //
 
-#define TST(MODULE) {                                        \
-        std::string s("test ");                              \
-        s += #MODULE;                                        \
-        void tst_##MODULE();                                 \
-        if (do_display_usage)                                \
-            std::cout << "    " << #MODULE << "\n";          \
-        for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)                       \
-            if (test_all || strcmp(argv[i], #MODULE) == 0) { \
-                enable_debug(#MODULE);                       \
-                timeit timeit(true, s.c_str());              \
-                tst_##MODULE();                              \
-                std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl;            \
-            }                                                \
-    }
+// ========================================================================
+// Test list definitions using X-macros.
+// X(name) is for regular tests, X_ARGV(name) is for tests needing arguments.
+// FOR_EACH_ALL_TEST: tests run with /a flag.
+// FOR_EACH_EXTRA_TEST: tests only run when explicitly named.
+// ========================================================================
 
-#define TST_ARGV(MODULE) {                              \
-    std::string s("test ");                             \
-    s += #MODULE;                                       \
-    void tst_##MODULE(char** argv, int argc, int& i);   \
-    if (do_display_usage)                               \
-        std::cout << "    " << #MODULE << "(...)\n";    \
-    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)                      \
-    if (strcmp(argv[i], #MODULE) == 0) {                \
-        enable_trace(#MODULE);                          \
-        enable_debug(#MODULE);                          \
-        timeit timeit(true, s.c_str());                 \
-        tst_##MODULE(argv, argc, i);                    \
-        std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl;               \
-    }                                                   \
-}
+#define FOR_EACH_ALL_TEST(X, X_ARGV) \
+    X(random) \
+    X(symbol_table) \
+    X(region) \
+    X(symbol) \
+    X(heap) \
+    X(hashtable) \
+    X(rational) \
+    X(inf_rational) \
+    X(ast) \
+    X(optional) \
+    X(bit_vector) \
+    X(fixed_bit_vector) \
+    X(tbv) \
+    X(doc) \
+    X(udoc_relation) \
+    X(string_buffer) \
+    X(map) \
+    X(diff_logic) \
+    X(uint_set) \
+    X_ARGV(expr_rand) \
+    X(list) \
+    X(small_object_allocator) \
+    X(timeout) \
+    X(proof_checker) \
+    X(simplifier) \
+    X(bit_blaster) \
+    X(var_subst) \
+    X(simple_parser) \
+    X(api) \
+    X(max_reg) \
+    X(max_rev) \
+    X(scaled_min) \
+    X(box_mod_opt) \
+    X(box_independent) \
+    X(deep_api_bugs) \
+    X(api_algebraic) \
+    X(api_polynomial) \
+    X(api_pb) \
+    X(api_datalog) \
+    X(parametric_datatype) \
+    X(cube_clause) \
+    X(old_interval) \
+    X(get_implied_equalities) \
+    X(arith_simplifier_plugin) \
+    X(matcher) \
+    X(object_allocator) \
+    X(mpz) \
+    X(mpq) \
+    X(mpf) \
+    X(total_order) \
+    X(dl_table) \
+    X(dl_context) \
+    X(dlist) \
+    X(dl_util) \
+    X(dl_product_relation) \
+    X(dl_relation) \
+    X(parray) \
+    X(stack) \
+    X(escaped) \
+    X(buffer) \
+    X(chashtable) \
+    X(egraph) \
+    X(ex) \
+    X(nlarith_util) \
+    X(api_ast_map) \
+    X(api_bug) \
+    X(api_special_relations) \
+    X(arith_rewriter) \
+    X(range_predicate) \
+    X(regex_range_collapse) \
+    X(seq_rewriter) \
+    X(check_assumptions) \
+    X(smt_context) \
+    X(theory_dl) \
+    X(model_retrieval) \
+    X(model_based_opt) \
+    X(factor_rewriter) \
+    X(smt2print_parse) \
+    X(substitution) \
+    X(polynomial) \
+    X(polynomial_factorization) \
+    X(upolynomial) \
+    X(algebraic) \
+    X(algebraic_numbers) \
+    X(ackermannize) \
+    X(monomial_bounds) \
+    X(nla_intervals) \
+    X(horner) \
+    X(prime_generator) \
+    X(permutation) \
+    X(nlsat) \
+    X(13) \
+    X(zstring)
+
+#define FOR_EACH_EXTRA_TEST(X, X_ARGV) \
+    X(tptp) \
+    X(ext_numeral) \
+    X(interval) \
+    X(value_generator) \
+    X(value_sweep) \
+    X(vector) \
+    X(f2n) \
+    X(hwf) \
+    X(trigo) \
+    X(bits) \
+    X(mpbq) \
+    X(mpfx) \
+    X(mpff) \
+    X(horn_subsume_model_converter) \
+    X(model2expr) \
+    X(hilbert_basis) \
+    X(heap_trie) \
+    X(karr) \
+    X(mod_factor) \
+    X(no_overflow) \
+    X(datalog_parser) \
+    X_ARGV(datalog_parser_file) \
+    X(dl_query) \
+    X(quant_solve) \
+    X(rcf) \
+    X(polynorm) \
+    X(qe_arith) \
+    X(mbp_qel) \
+    X(expr_substitution) \
+    X(sorting_network) \
+    X(theory_pb) \
+    X(simplex) \
+    X(sat_user_scope) \
+    X_ARGV(ddnf) \
+    X(ddnf1) \
+    X(model_evaluator) \
+    X(get_consequences) \
+    X(pb2bv) \
+    X_ARGV(sat_lookahead) \
+    X_ARGV(sat_local_search) \
+    X_ARGV(cnf_backbones) \
+    X(bdd) \
+    X(pdd) \
+    X(pdd_solver) \
+    X(scoped_timer) \
+    X(solver_pool) \
+    X(finder) \
+    X(totalizer) \
+    X(distribution) \
+    X(euf_bv_plugin) \
+    X(euf_arith_plugin) \
+    X(sls_test) \
+    X(scoped_vector) \
+    X(sls_seq_plugin) \
+    X(ho_matcher) \
+    X(finite_set) \
+    X(finite_set_rewriter) \
+    X(seq_split) \
+    X(fpa) \
+    X(seq_regex_bisim) \
+    X(term_enumeration) \
+    X(lcube) \
+    X(psmt)
+
+#define FOR_EACH_TEST(X, X_ARGV) \
+    FOR_EACH_ALL_TEST(X, X_ARGV) \
+    FOR_EACH_EXTRA_TEST(X, X_ARGV)
+
+// Forward declarations for all test functions
+#define DECL_TST(M) void tst_##M();
+#define DECL_TST_ARGV(M) void tst_##M(char** argv, int argc, int& i);
+FOR_EACH_TEST(DECL_TST, DECL_TST_ARGV)
+#undef DECL_TST
+#undef DECL_TST_ARGV
+
+// ========================================================================
+// Helper functions
+// ========================================================================
 
 void error(const char * msg) {
     std::cerr << "Error: " << msg << "\n";
@@ -62,6 +233,10 @@ void display_usage() {
     std::cout << "  /v:level    be verbose, where <level> is the verbosity level.\n";
     std::cout << "  /w          enable warning messages.\n";
     std::cout << "  /a          run all unit tests that don't require arguments.\n";
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    std::cout << "  /j[:N]      run tests in parallel using N jobs (default: number of cores).\n";
+    std::cout << "  /seq        run tests sequentially, disabling parallel execution.\n";
+#endif
 #if defined(Z3DEBUG) || defined(_TRACE)
     std::cout << "\nDebugging support:\n";
 #endif
@@ -74,7 +249,8 @@ void display_usage() {
     std::cout << "\nModule names:\n";
 }
 
-void parse_cmd_line_args(int argc, char ** argv, bool& do_display_usage, bool& test_all) {
+void parse_cmd_line_args(int argc, char ** argv, bool& do_display_usage, bool& test_all,
+                         unsigned& num_jobs, std::vector<std::string>& extra_args) {
     int i = 1;
     if (argc == 1) {
         display_usage();
@@ -103,18 +279,39 @@ void parse_cmd_line_args(int argc, char ** argv, bool& do_display_usage, bool& t
                     error("option argument (/v:level) is missing.");
                 long lvl = strtol(opt_arg, nullptr, 10);
                 set_verbosity_level(lvl);
+                extra_args.push_back(std::string("/v:") + opt_arg);
             }
             else if (strcmp(opt_name, "w") == 0) {
                 enable_warning_messages(true);
+                extra_args.push_back("/w");
             }
             else if (strcmp(opt_name, "a") == 0) {
                 test_all = true;
             }
+            else if (strcmp(opt_name, "j") == 0) {
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+                if (opt_arg) {
+                    long n = strtol(opt_arg, nullptr, 10);
+                    if (n <= 0) error("invalid number of jobs for /j option.");
+                    num_jobs = static_cast<unsigned>(n);
+                }
+                else {
+                    unsigned hw = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+                    num_jobs = hw > 0 ? hw : 4;
+                }
+#else
+                error("/j option is not supported on this platform.");
+#endif
+            }
+            else if (strcmp(opt_name, "seq") == 0) {
+                num_jobs = 0;
+            }
 #ifdef _TRACE
             else if (strcmp(opt_name, "tr") == 0) {
                 if (!opt_arg)
                     error("option argument (/tr:tag) is missing.");
                 enable_trace(opt_arg);
+                extra_args.push_back(std::string("/tr:") + opt_arg);
             }
 #endif
 #ifdef Z3DEBUG
@@ -122,6 +319,7 @@ void parse_cmd_line_args(int argc, char ** argv, bool& do_display_usage, bool& t
                 if (!opt_arg)
                     error("option argument (/dbg:tag) is missing.");
                 enable_debug(opt_arg);
+                extra_args.push_back(std::string("/dbg:") + opt_arg);
             }
 #endif
         }
@@ -131,6 +329,7 @@ void parse_cmd_line_args(int argc, char ** argv, bool& do_display_usage, bool& t
             char * value = eq_pos+1;
             try {
                 gparams::set(key, value);
+                extra_args.push_back(std::string(key) + "=" + value);
             }
             catch (z3_exception& ex) {
                 std::cerr << ex.what() << "\n";
@@ -141,147 +340,246 @@ void parse_cmd_line_args(int argc, char ** argv, bool& do_display_usage, bool& t
 }
 
 
+// ========================================================================
+// Parallel test execution using child processes
+// ========================================================================
+
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+
+struct test_result {
+    std::string name;
+    int exit_code;
+    std::string output;
+    double elapsed_secs;
+};
+
+static test_result run_test_child(const char* exe_path, const char* test_name,
+                                  const std::vector<std::string>& extra_args) {
+    test_result result;
+    result.name = test_name;
+
+    std::ostringstream cmd;
+    cmd << "\"" << exe_path << "\"" << " /seq " << test_name;
+    for (const auto& arg : extra_args)
+        cmd << " " << arg;
+    cmd << " 2>&1";
+
+    auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    FILE* pipe = Z3_POPEN(cmd.str().c_str(), "r");
+    if (!pipe) {
+        result.exit_code = -1;
+        result.output = "Failed to start child process\n";
+        result.elapsed_secs = 0;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    char buf[4096];
+    while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), pipe))
+        result.output += buf;
+
+    int raw = Z3_PCLOSE(pipe);
+#ifdef _WINDOWS
+    result.exit_code = raw;
+#else
+    if (WIFEXITED(raw))
+        result.exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(raw);
+    else if (WIFSIGNALED(raw))
+        result.exit_code = 128 + WTERMSIG(raw);
+    else
+        result.exit_code = -1;
+#endif
+
+    auto end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    result.elapsed_secs = std::chrono::duration<double>(end - start).count();
+    return result;
+}
+
+static int run_parallel(const char* exe_path, bool test_all, unsigned num_jobs,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& extra_args,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& requested_tests) {
+    std::vector<std::string> tests_to_run;
+
+    if (test_all) {
+        #define COLLECT_ALL(M) tests_to_run.push_back(#M);
+        #define SKIP_ARGV_1(M)
+        FOR_EACH_ALL_TEST(COLLECT_ALL, SKIP_ARGV_1)
+        #undef COLLECT_ALL
+        #undef SKIP_ARGV_1
+    }
+    else {
+        #define MAYBE_COLLECT(M) \
+            for (const auto& req : requested_tests) \
+                if (req == #M) { tests_to_run.push_back(#M); break; }
+        #define SKIP_ARGV_2(M)
+        FOR_EACH_TEST(MAYBE_COLLECT, SKIP_ARGV_2)
+        #undef MAYBE_COLLECT
+        #undef SKIP_ARGV_2
+    }
+
+    if (tests_to_run.empty()) {
+        std::cout << "No tests to run in parallel mode." << std::endl;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    unsigned total = static_cast<unsigned>(tests_to_run.size());
+    if (num_jobs > total)
+        num_jobs = total;
+
+    std::cout << "Running " << total << " tests with "
+              << num_jobs << " parallel jobs..." << std::endl;
+
+    auto wall_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    std::mutex queue_mtx;
+    std::mutex output_mtx;
+    size_t next_idx = 0;
+    unsigned completed = 0;
+    unsigned passed = 0;
+    unsigned failed = 0;
+    std::vector<std::string> failed_names;
+
+    auto worker = [&]() {
+        while (true) {
+            size_t idx;
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(queue_mtx);
+                if (next_idx >= tests_to_run.size())
+                    return;
+                idx = next_idx++;
+            }
+
+            test_result result = run_test_child(exe_path, tests_to_run[idx].c_str(), extra_args);
+
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(output_mtx);
+                ++completed;
+                if (result.exit_code == 0) {
+                    ++passed;
+                    std::cout << "[" << completed << "/" << total << "] "
+                              << result.name << " PASS ("
+                              << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)
+                              << result.elapsed_secs << "s)" << std::endl;
+                }
+                else {
+                    ++failed;
+                    failed_names.push_back(result.name);
+                    std::cout << "[" << completed << "/" << total << "] "
+                              << result.name << " FAIL (exit code "
+                              << result.exit_code << ", "
+                              << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)
+                              << result.elapsed_secs << "s)" << std::endl;
+                }
+                if (!result.output.empty()) {
+                    std::cout << result.output;
+                    if (result.output.back() != '\n')
+                        std::cout << std::endl;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_jobs; ++i)
+        threads.emplace_back(worker);
+    for (auto& t : threads)
+        t.join();
+
+    auto wall_end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    double wall_secs = std::chrono::duration<double>(wall_end - wall_start).count();
+
+    std::cout << "\n=== Test Summary ===" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << passed << " passed, " << failed << " failed, "
+              << total << " total" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Wall time: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)
+              << wall_secs << "s" << std::endl;
+
+    if (!failed_names.empty()) {
+        std::cout << "Failed tests:";
+        for (const auto& name : failed_names)
+            std::cout << " " << name;
+        std::cout << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    return failed > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+#endif // !__EMSCRIPTEN__
+
+
+// ========================================================================
+// main
+// ========================================================================
+
 int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     memory::initialize(0);
+
+    // Collect potential test names before parsing modifies argv
+    std::vector<std::string> requested_tests;
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+        const char* a = argv[i];
+        if (a[0] != '-' && a[0] != '/' && !strchr(a, '='))
+            requested_tests.push_back(a);
+    }
+
     bool do_display_usage = false;
     bool test_all = false;
-    parse_cmd_line_args(argc, argv, do_display_usage, test_all);
-    TST(random);
-    TST(symbol_table);
-    TST(region);
-    TST(symbol);
-    TST(heap);
-    TST(hashtable);
-    TST(rational);
-    TST(inf_rational);
-    TST(ast);
-    TST(optional);
-    TST(bit_vector);
-    TST(fixed_bit_vector);
-    TST(tbv);
-    TST(doc);
-    TST(udoc_relation);
-    TST(string_buffer);
-    TST(map);
-    TST(diff_logic);
-    TST(uint_set);
-    TST_ARGV(expr_rand);
-    TST(list);
-    TST(small_object_allocator);
-    TST(timeout);
-    TST(proof_checker);
-    TST(simplifier);
-    TST(bit_blaster);
-    TST(var_subst);
-    TST(simple_parser);
-    TST(api);
-    TST(api_algebraic);
-    TST(api_polynomial);
-    TST(api_pb);
-    TST(api_datalog);
-    TST(parametric_datatype);
-    TST(cube_clause);
-    TST(old_interval);
-    TST(get_implied_equalities);
-    TST(arith_simplifier_plugin);
-    TST(matcher);
-    TST(object_allocator);
-    TST(mpz);
-    TST(mpq);
-    TST(mpf);
-    TST(total_order);
-    TST(dl_table);
-    TST(dl_context);
-    TST(dlist);
-    TST(dl_util);
-    TST(dl_product_relation);
-    TST(dl_relation);
-    TST(parray);
-    TST(stack);
-    TST(escaped);
-    TST(buffer);
-    TST(chashtable);
-    TST(egraph);
-    TST(ex);
-    TST(nlarith_util);
-    TST(api_ast_map);
-    TST(api_bug);
-    TST(api_special_relations);
-    TST(arith_rewriter);
-    TST(check_assumptions);
-    TST(smt_context);
-    TST(theory_dl);
-    TST(model_retrieval);
-    TST(model_based_opt);
-    TST(factor_rewriter);
-    TST(smt2print_parse);
-    TST(substitution);
-    TST(polynomial);
-    TST(polynomial_factorization);
-    TST(upolynomial);
-    TST(algebraic);
-    TST(algebraic_numbers);
-    TST(monomial_bounds);
-    TST(nla_intervals);
-    TST(horner);
-    TST(prime_generator);
-    TST(permutation);
-    TST(nlsat);
-    TST(nlsat_mv);
-    TST(zstring);
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    unsigned hw = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+    unsigned num_jobs = hw > 0 ? hw : 4;
+#else
+    unsigned num_jobs = 0;
+#endif
+    std::vector<std::string> extra_args;
+    parse_cmd_line_args(argc, argv, do_display_usage, test_all, num_jobs, extra_args);
+
+    if (do_display_usage) {
+        #define DISPLAY_TST(M) std::cout << "    " << #M << "\n";
+        #define DISPLAY_TST_ARGV(M) std::cout << "    " << #M << "(...)\n";
+        FOR_EACH_TEST(DISPLAY_TST, DISPLAY_TST_ARGV)
+        #undef DISPLAY_TST
+        #undef DISPLAY_TST_ARGV
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#ifndef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    if (num_jobs > 0 && (test_all || requested_tests.size() > 1))
+        return run_parallel(argv[0], test_all, num_jobs, extra_args, requested_tests);
+#endif
+
+    // Serial execution, original behavior
+    #define RUN_TST(M) { \
+        bool run = test_all; \
+        for (int i = 0; !run && i < argc; ++i) \
+            run = strcmp(argv[i], #M) == 0; \
+        if (run) { \
+            std::string s("test "); \
+            s += #M; \
+            enable_debug(#M); \
+            timeit timeit(true, s.c_str()); \
+            tst_##M(); \
+            std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl; \
+        } \
+    }
+
+    #define RUN_TST_ARGV(M) { \
+        for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) \
+            if (strcmp(argv[i], #M) == 0) { \
+                enable_trace(#M); \
+                enable_debug(#M); \
+                std::string s("test "); \
+                s += #M; \
+                timeit timeit(true, s.c_str()); \
+                tst_##M(argv, argc, i); \
+                std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl; \
+            } \
+    }
+
+    FOR_EACH_ALL_TEST(RUN_TST, RUN_TST_ARGV)
     if (test_all) return 0;
-    TST(ext_numeral);
-    TST(interval);
-    TST(value_generator);
-    TST(value_sweep);
-    TST(vector);
-    TST(f2n);
-    TST(hwf);
-    TST(trigo);
-    TST(bits);
-    TST(mpbq);
-    TST(mpfx);
-    TST(mpff);
-    TST(horn_subsume_model_converter);
-    TST(model2expr);
-    TST(hilbert_basis);
-    TST(heap_trie);
-    TST(karr);
-    TST(no_overflow);
-    // TST(memory);
-    TST(datalog_parser);
-    TST_ARGV(datalog_parser_file);
-    TST(dl_query);
-    TST(quant_solve);
-    TST(rcf);
-    TST(polynorm);
-    TST(qe_arith);
-    TST(expr_substitution);
-    TST(sorting_network);
-    TST(theory_pb);
-    TST(simplex);
-    TST(sat_user_scope);
-    TST_ARGV(ddnf);
-    TST(ddnf1);
-    TST(model_evaluator);
-    TST(get_consequences);
-    TST(pb2bv);
-    TST_ARGV(sat_lookahead);
-    TST_ARGV(sat_local_search);
-    TST_ARGV(cnf_backbones);
-    TST(bdd);
-    TST(pdd);
-    TST(pdd_solver);
-    TST(scoped_timer);
-    TST(solver_pool);
-    //TST_ARGV(hs);
-    TST(finder);
-    TST(totalizer);
-    TST(distribution);
-    TST(euf_bv_plugin);
-    TST(euf_arith_plugin);
-    TST(sls_test);
-    TST(scoped_vector);
-    TST(sls_seq_plugin);
-    TST(ho_matcher);
+    FOR_EACH_EXTRA_TEST(RUN_TST, RUN_TST_ARGV)
+
+    #undef RUN_TST
+    #undef RUN_TST_ARGV
+    return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/test/mbp_qel.cpp b/src/test/mbp_qel.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e85d52bbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/mbp_qel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    mbp_qel.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Unit tests for model-based projection with QEL (term-graph based)
+
+Author:
+
+    Hari Govind V K (hgvk94) 2025-05-25
+
+--*/
+
+#include "qe/qe_mbp.h"
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "smt/smt_context.h"
+#include "params/smt_params.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+// Test that MBP with QEL does not return false for a satisfiable formula
+// involving datatype accessors applied past the end of a list.
+//
+// Formula: (and ((_ is cons) x) ((_ is nil) (tl x)) (= nil (tl (tl x))) (< 8 n))
+// Project: x
+// Expected: result should imply n >= 9 (and model should satisfy it)
+// Bug: QEL was returning false because rm_accessor unconditionally
+//      assumed (tl x) has constructor cons when eliminating (tl (tl x)),
+//      contradicting the ((_ is nil) (tl x)) literal.
+static void test_dt_accessor_past_end() {
+    std::cout << "test_dt_accessor_past_end\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    datatype_util dt(m);
+    arith_util a(m);
+
+    // Create list datatype: (declare-datatypes ((L 0)) (((cons (hd Int) (tl L)) (nil))))
+    sort_ref int_sort(a.mk_int(), m);
+    func_decl_ref cons(m), is_cons(m), head(m), tail(m), nil(m), is_nil(m);
+    sort_ref L = dt.mk_list_datatype(int_sort, symbol("L"),
+                                     cons, is_cons, head, tail, nil, is_nil);
+
+    // Declare variables
+    app_ref x(m.mk_const("x", L), m);
+    app_ref n(m.mk_const("n", int_sort), m);
+
+    // Build formula: (and ((_ is cons) x) ((_ is nil) (tl x)) (= nil (tl (tl x))) (< 8 n))
+    expr_ref tl_x(m.mk_app(tail, x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref tl_tl_x(m.mk_app(tail, tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref nil_val(m.mk_const(nil), m);
+
+    expr_ref is_cons_x(m.mk_app(is_cons, x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref is_nil_tl_x(m.mk_app(is_nil, tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref eq_nil_tl_tl_x(m.mk_eq(nil_val, tl_tl_x), m);
+    expr_ref lt_8_n(a.mk_lt(a.mk_int(8), n), m);
+
+    expr_ref_vector conjs(m);
+    conjs.push_back(is_cons_x).push_back(is_nil_tl_x).push_back(eq_nil_tl_tl_x).push_back(lt_8_n);
+    expr_ref fml(m.mk_and(conjs), m);
+
+    std::cout << "  formula:\n     " << mk_pp(fml, m, 5) << "\n";
+
+    // Get a model
+    smt_params params;
+    params.m_model = true;
+    model_ref mdl;
+    {
+        smt::context ctx(m, params);
+        ctx.assert_expr(fml);
+        lbool result = ctx.check();
+        VERIFY(result == l_true);
+        ctx.get_model(mdl);
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "  model: x = " << mk_pp((*mdl)(x), m)
+              << ", n = " << mk_pp((*mdl)(n), m) << "\n";
+
+    // Call MBP with QEL enabled
+    app_ref_vector vars(m);
+    vars.push_back(x);
+
+    params_ref p;
+    p.set_bool("qsat_use_qel", true);
+    qe::mbproj mbp(m, p);
+    expr_ref projected(fml, m);
+    mbp.spacer(vars, *mdl.get(), projected);
+
+    std::cout << "  projected (qel=true):\n     " << mk_pp(projected, m, 5) << "\n";
+
+    // The result must not be false
+    VERIFY(!m.is_false(projected));
+
+    // The model should satisfy the projected formula
+    VERIFY(mdl->is_true(projected));
+
+    // x should have been eliminated
+    VERIFY(vars.empty());
+
+    std::cout << "  PASS\n\n";
+}
+
+// Same test but with a deeper list structure:
+// x is a 2-element list with a past-end accessor constraint
+// Formula: (and ((_ is cons) x) ((_ is cons) (tl x)) ((_ is nil) (tl (tl x)))
+//               (= nil (tl (tl (tl x)))) (< 8 n))
+static void test_dt_accessor_past_end_depth2() {
+    std::cout << "test_dt_accessor_past_end_depth2\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    datatype_util dt(m);
+    arith_util a(m);
+
+    sort_ref int_sort(a.mk_int(), m);
+    func_decl_ref cons(m), is_cons(m), head(m), tail(m), nil(m), is_nil(m);
+    sort_ref L = dt.mk_list_datatype(int_sort, symbol("L"),
+                                     cons, is_cons, head, tail, nil, is_nil);
+
+    app_ref x(m.mk_const("x", L), m);
+    app_ref n(m.mk_const("n", int_sort), m);
+
+    // Build: (and (is-cons x) (is-cons (tl x)) (is-nil (tl (tl x)))
+    //             (= nil (tl (tl (tl x)))) (< 8 n))
+    expr_ref tl_x(m.mk_app(tail, x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref tl_tl_x(m.mk_app(tail, tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref tl_tl_tl_x(m.mk_app(tail, tl_tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref nil_val(m.mk_const(nil), m);
+
+    expr_ref is_cons_x(m.mk_app(is_cons, x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref is_cons_tl_x(m.mk_app(is_cons, tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref is_nil_tl_tl_x(m.mk_app(is_nil, tl_tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref eq_nil_tl3(m.mk_eq(nil_val, tl_tl_tl_x), m);
+    expr_ref lt_8_n(a.mk_lt(a.mk_int(8), n), m);
+
+    expr_ref_vector conjs(m);
+    conjs.push_back(is_cons_x).push_back(is_cons_tl_x).push_back(is_nil_tl_tl_x).push_back(eq_nil_tl3).push_back(lt_8_n);
+    expr_ref fml(m.mk_and(conjs), m);
+
+    std::cout << "  formula:\n     " << mk_pp(fml, m, 5) << "\n";
+
+    smt_params sparams;
+    sparams.m_model = true;
+    model_ref mdl;
+    {
+        smt::context ctx(m, sparams);
+        ctx.assert_expr(fml);
+        lbool result = ctx.check();
+        VERIFY(result == l_true);
+        ctx.get_model(mdl);
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "  model: x = " << mk_pp((*mdl)(x), m)
+              << ", n = " << mk_pp((*mdl)(n), m) << "\n";
+
+    app_ref_vector vars(m);
+    vars.push_back(x);
+
+    params_ref p;
+    p.set_bool("qsat_use_qel", true);
+    qe::mbproj mbp(m, p);
+    expr_ref projected(fml, m);
+    mbp.spacer(vars, *mdl.get(), projected);
+
+    std::cout << "  projected (qel=true):\n     " << mk_pp(projected, m, 5) << "\n";
+
+    VERIFY(!m.is_false(projected));
+    VERIFY(mdl->is_true(projected));
+    VERIFY(vars.empty());
+
+    std::cout << "  PASS\n\n";
+}
+
+// Test with multiple DT variables projected simultaneously
+// Formula: (and (= nil (tl (tl (tl x)))) ((_ is nil) (tl (tl x)))
+//               ((_ is cons) y) ((_ is nil) (tl y)) (< 8 n))
+// Project: x, y
+static void test_dt_multiple_vars() {
+    std::cout << "test_dt_multiple_vars\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    datatype_util dt(m);
+    arith_util a(m);
+
+    sort_ref int_sort(a.mk_int(), m);
+    func_decl_ref cons(m), is_cons(m), head(m), tail(m), nil(m), is_nil(m);
+    sort_ref L = dt.mk_list_datatype(int_sort, symbol("L"),
+                                     cons, is_cons, head, tail, nil, is_nil);
+
+    app_ref x(m.mk_const("x", L), m);
+    app_ref y(m.mk_const("y", L), m);
+    app_ref n(m.mk_const("n", int_sort), m);
+
+    expr_ref tl_x(m.mk_app(tail, x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref tl_tl_x(m.mk_app(tail, tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref tl_tl_tl_x(m.mk_app(tail, tl_tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref tl_y(m.mk_app(tail, y.get()), m);
+    expr_ref nil_val(m.mk_const(nil), m);
+
+    expr_ref eq_nil_tl3x(m.mk_eq(nil_val, tl_tl_tl_x), m);
+    expr_ref is_nil_tl2x(m.mk_app(is_nil, tl_tl_x.get()), m);
+    expr_ref is_cons_y(m.mk_app(is_cons, y.get()), m);
+    expr_ref is_nil_tl_y(m.mk_app(is_nil, tl_y.get()), m);
+    expr_ref lt_8_n(a.mk_lt(a.mk_int(8), n), m);
+
+    expr_ref_vector conjs(m);
+    conjs.push_back(eq_nil_tl3x).push_back(is_nil_tl2x).push_back(is_cons_y).push_back(is_nil_tl_y).push_back(lt_8_n);
+    expr_ref fml(m.mk_and(conjs), m);
+
+    std::cout << "  formula:\n     " << mk_pp(fml, m, 5) << "\n";
+
+    smt_params sparams;
+    sparams.m_model = true;
+    model_ref mdl;
+    {
+        smt::context ctx(m, sparams);
+        ctx.assert_expr(fml);
+        lbool result = ctx.check();
+        VERIFY(result == l_true);
+        ctx.get_model(mdl);
+    }
+
+    app_ref_vector vars(m);
+    vars.push_back(x);
+    vars.push_back(y);
+
+    params_ref p;
+    p.set_bool("qsat_use_qel", true);
+    qe::mbproj mbp(m, p);
+    expr_ref projected(fml, m);
+    mbp.spacer(vars, *mdl.get(), projected);
+
+    std::cout << "  projected (qel=true):\n     " << mk_pp(projected, m, 5) << "\n";
+
+    VERIFY(!m.is_false(projected));
+    VERIFY(mdl->is_true(projected));
+    VERIFY(vars.empty());
+
+    std::cout << "  PASS\n\n";
+}
+
+void tst_mbp_qel() {
+    test_dt_accessor_past_end();
+    test_dt_accessor_past_end_depth2();
+    test_dt_multiple_vars();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/memory.cpp b/src/test/memory.cpp
index f6c0103804..f83403e04f 100644
--- a/src/test/memory.cpp
+++ b/src/test/memory.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,11 @@ static void hit_me(char const* wm) {
                 Z3_mk_bv_sort(ctx,i);      
                 
             }
+<<<<<<< HEAD
             catch (std::bad_alloc&) {
+=======
+            catch (const std::bad_alloc&) {
+>>>>>>> origin/master
                 std::cout << "caught\n";
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/test/mod_factor.cpp b/src/test/mod_factor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..314537ca8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/mod_factor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
+--*/
+
+#include "api/z3.h"
+#include "util/util.h"
+#include <string>
+
+// x mod 7 = 0 & (x*y) mod 7 != 0 should be unsat
+// Exercises: mod internalization path (is_mod with numeric divisor)
+static void test_mod_factor_mod_path() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_solver s = Z3_mk_solver_for_logic(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "QF_NIA"));
+    Z3_solver_inc_ref(ctx, s);
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast y = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "y"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast seven = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 7, int_sort);
+    Z3_ast zero = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 0, int_sort);
+    Z3_ast xy_args[] = {x, y};
+    Z3_ast xy = Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, xy_args);
+    // assert mul term first so ensure_nla() fires before mod internalization
+    Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, Z3_mk_not(ctx, Z3_mk_eq(ctx, Z3_mk_mod(ctx, xy, seven), zero)));
+    Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, Z3_mk_eq(ctx, Z3_mk_mod(ctx, x, seven), zero));
+    ENSURE(Z3_solver_check(ctx, s) == Z3_L_FALSE);
+    Z3_solver_dec_ref(ctx, s);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+// (x mod 100) mod 7 = 0 => ((x mod 100) * y) mod 7 = 0
+// Exercises: idiv internalization path (is_idiv + numeric divisor + bounded dividend)
+// because (x mod 100) is recognized as bounded by is_bounded()
+static void test_mod_factor_idiv_path() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    Z3_solver s = Z3_mk_solver_for_logic(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "QF_NIA"));
+    Z3_solver_inc_ref(ctx, s);
+    Z3_sort int_sort = Z3_mk_int_sort(ctx);
+    Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast y = Z3_mk_const(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "y"), int_sort);
+    Z3_ast seven = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 7, int_sort);
+    Z3_ast zero = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 0, int_sort);
+    Z3_ast hundred = Z3_mk_int(ctx, 100, int_sort);
+    // xm = x mod 100 (bounded by is_bounded)
+    Z3_ast xm = Z3_mk_mod(ctx, x, hundred);
+    // (xm * y) — assert mul term first so ensure_nla() fires before mod internalization
+    Z3_ast xm_y_args[] = {xm, y};
+    Z3_ast xm_y = Z3_mk_mul(ctx, 2, xm_y_args);
+    Z3_ast xm_y_div = Z3_mk_div(ctx, xm_y, seven);
+    // assert (xm * y) mod 7 != 0
+    Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, Z3_mk_not(ctx, Z3_mk_eq(ctx, Z3_mk_mod(ctx, xm_y, seven), zero)));
+    // use div to keep it alive
+    Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, Z3_mk_ge(ctx, xm_y_div, zero));
+    // xm mod 7 = 0
+    Z3_solver_assert(ctx, s, Z3_mk_eq(ctx, Z3_mk_mod(ctx, xm, seven), zero));
+    ENSURE(Z3_solver_check(ctx, s) == Z3_L_FALSE);
+    Z3_solver_dec_ref(ctx, s);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+static void test_const_array_store_chain_unsat() {
+    Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
+    const char* script = R"(
+(set-logic QF_ABV)
+(declare-const x (_ BitVec 8))
+(declare-const y (_ BitVec 8))
+(define-fun A0 () (Array (_ BitVec 2) (_ BitVec 8)) ((as const (Array (_ BitVec 2) (_ BitVec 8))) x))
+(define-fun A1 () (Array (_ BitVec 2) (_ BitVec 8)) ((as const (Array (_ BitVec 2) (_ BitVec 8))) y))
+(declare-const i0 (_ BitVec 2))
+(declare-const e0 (_ BitVec 8))
+(declare-const i1 (_ BitVec 2))
+(declare-const e1 (_ BitVec 8))
+(assert (distinct x y))
+(assert (= (store A0 i0 e0) (store A1 i1 e1)))
+(check-sat)
+)";
+    std::string resp = Z3_eval_smtlib2_string(ctx, script);
+    ENSURE(resp.find("unsat") != std::string::npos);
+    Z3_del_config(cfg);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+void tst_mod_factor() {
+    test_mod_factor_mod_path();
+    test_mod_factor_idiv_path();
+    test_const_array_store_chain_unsat();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/model_evaluator.cpp b/src/test/model_evaluator.cpp
index f4a64d4dc8..ed748826e6 100644
--- a/src/test/model_evaluator.cpp
+++ b/src/test/model_evaluator.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "model/model.h"
 #include "model/model_evaluator.h"
+#include "model/func_interp.h"
 #include "model/model_pp.h"
 #include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
 #include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
@@ -65,5 +66,29 @@ void tst_model_evaluator() {
         eval(e, v);
         std::cout << e << " " << v << "\n";
     }
+
+    {
+        func_interp fi2(m, 1);
+        expr_ref zero(a.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref one(a.mk_int(1), m);
+        fi2.set_else(zero);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 600; ++i) {
+            expr_ref arg(a.mk_int(rational(i)), m);
+            expr* args[1] = { arg.get() };
+            fi2.insert_entry(args, i == 599 ? one.get() : zero.get());
+        }
+        fi2.compress();
+        ENSURE(fi2.num_entries() == 1);
+
+        expr_ref removed_arg(a.mk_int(0), m);
+        [[maybe_unused]] expr* removed_args[1] = { removed_arg.get() };
+        ENSURE(fi2.get_entry(removed_args) == nullptr);
+
+        expr_ref kept_arg(a.mk_int(599), m);
+        expr* kept_args[1] = { kept_arg.get() };
+        [[maybe_unused]] func_entry* kept = fi2.get_entry(kept_args);
+        ENSURE(kept != nullptr);
+        ENSURE(kept->get_result() == one.get());
+    }
     
 }
diff --git a/src/test/nla_intervals.cpp b/src/test/nla_intervals.cpp
index 5cea168ee2..1207c746ce 100644
--- a/src/test/nla_intervals.cpp
+++ b/src/test/nla_intervals.cpp
@@ -207,13 +207,82 @@ void test_nla_intervals_fractional() {
     VERIFY(true); // Placeholder
 }
 
+void test_fetch_normalized_term_column() {
+    std::cout << "test_fetch_normalized_term_column\n";
+
+    lp::lar_solver s;
+
+    // Create some variables
+    lpvar x = s.add_var(0, true);  // j0
+    lpvar y = s.add_var(1, true);  // j1
+    lpvar z = s.add_var(2, true);  // j2
+
+    // Add a term t = 2*x + 3*y and register it
+    lp::lar_term t;
+    t.add_monomial(rational(2), x);
+    t.add_monomial(rational(3), y);
+    s.add_term(t.coeffs_as_vector(), UINT_MAX);
+    s.register_existing_terms();
+
+    // Now build the same term independently and look it up
+    lp::lar_term query;
+    query.add_monomial(rational(2), x);
+    query.add_monomial(rational(3), y);
+    lp::mpq a;
+    lp::lar_term norm_query = query.get_normalized_by_min_var(a);
+
+    std::pair<lp::mpq, lpvar> result;
+    bool found = s.fetch_normalized_term_column(norm_query, result);
+    VERIFY(found);
+    std::cout << "  round-trip lookup: " << (found ? "PASS" : "FAIL") << "\n";
+
+    // Build query with variables added in reverse order
+    lp::lar_term query_rev;
+    query_rev.add_monomial(rational(3), y);
+    query_rev.add_monomial(rational(2), x);
+    lp::lar_term norm_rev = query_rev.get_normalized_by_min_var(a);
+
+    bool found_rev = s.fetch_normalized_term_column(norm_rev, result);
+    VERIFY(found_rev);
+    std::cout << "  reverse-order lookup: " << (found_rev ? "PASS" : "FAIL") << "\n";
+
+    // Test a 3-variable term: x - y + 5*z
+    lp::lar_term t2;
+    t2.add_monomial(rational(1), x);
+    t2.add_monomial(rational(-1), y);
+    t2.add_monomial(rational(5), z);
+    s.add_term(t2.coeffs_as_vector(), UINT_MAX);
+    s.register_existing_terms();
+
+    lp::lar_term query2;
+    query2.add_monomial(rational(1), x);
+    query2.add_monomial(rational(-1), y);
+    query2.add_monomial(rational(5), z);
+    lp::lar_term norm2 = query2.get_normalized_by_min_var(a);
+
+    found = s.fetch_normalized_term_column(norm2, result);
+    VERIFY(found);
+    std::cout << "  3-variable term lookup: " << (found ? "PASS" : "FAIL") << "\n";
+
+    // Test that a non-registered term is NOT found
+    lp::lar_term query3;
+    query3.add_monomial(rational(7), x);
+    query3.add_monomial(rational(11), y);
+    lp::lar_term norm3 = query3.get_normalized_by_min_var(a);
+
+    bool found_missing = s.fetch_normalized_term_column(norm3, result);
+    VERIFY(!found_missing);
+    std::cout << "  non-existent term not found: " << (!found_missing ? "PASS" : "FAIL") << "\n";
+}
+
 void test_nla_intervals() {
     test_nla_intervals_basic();
-    test_nla_intervals_negative(); 
+    test_nla_intervals_negative();
     test_nla_intervals_zero_crossing();
     test_nla_intervals_power();
     test_nla_intervals_mixed_signs();
     test_nla_intervals_fractional();
+    test_fetch_normalized_term_column();
 }
 
 } // namespace nla
diff --git a/src/test/nlsat.cpp b/src/test/nlsat.cpp
index f26995462e..ab2749c3a6 100644
--- a/src/test/nlsat.cpp
+++ b/src/test/nlsat.cpp
@@ -134,6 +134,34 @@ static bool is_point_inside_cell(
     return true;
 }
 
+// Helper: verify that counter_as has a different sign than sample_as on at least
+// one polynomial in polys.  Only polynomials whose max_var is assigned in BOTH
+// assignments are checked.  Returns true when at least one sign differs.
+static bool has_different_sign(
+    anum_manager& am,
+    polynomial::manager& pm,
+    polynomial_ref_vector const& polys,
+    nlsat::assignment const& sample_as,
+    nlsat::assignment const& counter_as)
+{
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < polys.size(); ++i) {
+        polynomial_ref p(polys.get(i), pm);
+        polynomial::var mv = pm.max_var(p);
+        if (mv == polynomial::null_var)          // constant polynomial
+            continue;
+        if (!sample_as.is_assigned(mv) || !counter_as.is_assigned(mv))
+            continue;
+        sign s_sign = am.eval_sign_at(p, sample_as);
+        sign c_sign = am.eval_sign_at(p, counter_as);
+        if (s_sign != c_sign) {
+            std::cout << "  p" << i << " has different sign: sample=" << s_sign
+                      << ", counter=" << c_sign << "\n";
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 nlsat::interval_set_ref tst_interval(nlsat::interval_set_ref const & s1,
                                      nlsat::interval_set_ref const & s2,
                                      unsigned expected_num_intervals,
@@ -167,7 +195,7 @@ nlsat::interval_set_ref tst_interval(nlsat::interval_set_ref const & s1,
 }
 
 static void tst3() {
-    enable_trace("nlsat_interval");
+    // enable_trace("nlsat_interval");
     reslimit rl;
     unsynch_mpq_manager         qm;
     anum_manager                am(rl, qm);
@@ -353,7 +381,7 @@ static void check_subset_result(nlsat::interval_set_ref const & s1,
 }
 
 static void tst4() {
-    enable_trace("nlsat_interval");
+    // enable_trace("nlsat_interval");
     reslimit rl;
     unsynch_mpq_manager         qm;
     anum_manager                am(rl, qm);
@@ -424,7 +452,7 @@ static void project(nlsat::solver& s, nlsat::explain& ex, nlsat::var x, unsigned
     std::cout << "\n";
 }
 
-static void project_fa(nlsat::solver& s, nlsat::explain& ex, nlsat::var x, unsigned num, nlsat::literal const* lits) {
+static nlsat::scoped_literal_vector project_fa(nlsat::solver& s, nlsat::explain& ex, nlsat::var x, unsigned num, nlsat::literal const* lits) {
     std::cout << "Project ";
     nlsat::scoped_literal_vector result(s);
     ex.compute_conflict_explanation(num, lits, result);
@@ -436,16 +464,7 @@ static void project_fa(nlsat::solver& s, nlsat::explain& ex, nlsat::var x, unsig
         s.display(std::cout << " ", ~lits[i]);
     }
     std::cout << ")\n";
-}
-
-static bool literal_holds(nlsat::solver& s, nlsat::evaluator& eval, nlsat::literal l) {
-    if (l == nlsat::true_literal)
-        return true;
-    if (l == nlsat::false_literal)
-        return false;
-    nlsat::atom* a = s.bool_var2atom(l.var());
-    ENSURE(a != nullptr);
-    return eval.eval(a, l.sign());
+    return result;
 }
 
 static nlsat::literal mk_gt(nlsat::solver& s, nlsat::poly* p) {
@@ -472,13 +491,46 @@ static nlsat::literal mk_root_eq(nlsat::solver& s, nlsat::poly* p, nlsat::var x,
     return nlsat::literal(b, false);
 }
 
+static bool contains_var(nlsat::var_vector const& vars, nlsat::var x) {
+    for (auto v : vars) {
+        if (v == x)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool clause_contains_root_dependency(
+    nlsat::solver& s,
+    nlsat::scoped_literal_vector const& result,
+    nlsat::atom::kind kind,
+    nlsat::var target,
+    unsigned root_index,
+    nlsat::var dep1,
+    nlsat::var dep2,
+    nlsat::var dep3) {
+    nlsat::pmanager& pm = s.pm();
+    nlsat::var_vector vars;
+    for (auto l : result) {
+        nlsat::atom* a = s.bool_var2atom(l.var());
+        if (!a || !a->is_root_atom() || a->get_kind() != kind)
+            continue;
+        nlsat::root_atom* ra = nlsat::to_root_atom(a);
+        if (ra->x() != target || ra->i() != root_index || pm.max_var(ra->p()) != target)
+            continue;
+        s.vars(l, vars);
+        if (contains_var(vars, dep1) && contains_var(vars, dep2) && contains_var(vars, dep3))
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 static void set_assignment_value(nlsat::assignment& as, anum_manager& am, nlsat::var v, rational const& val) {
     scoped_anum tmp(am);
     am.set(tmp, val.to_mpq());
     as.set(v, tmp);
 }
 
-static void tst_vandermond() {
+static void tst_12() {
     params_ref      ps;
     reslimit        rlim;
     nlsat::solver   s(rlim, ps, false);
@@ -491,7 +543,6 @@ static void tst_vandermond() {
     nlsat::var x0 = s.mk_var(false);
     nlsat::var x1 = s.mk_var(false);
     nlsat::var x2 = s.mk_var(false);
-    nlsat::var x3 = s.mk_var(false);
     am.set(one, 1);
     am.set(two, 2);
     as.set(x0, one);
@@ -897,7 +948,7 @@ static void tst10() {
     std::cout << "\n";
 }
 
-void tst_nlsat_mv() {
+void tst_13() {
     params_ref      ps;
     reslimit        rlim;
     nlsat::solver s(rlim, ps, false);
@@ -906,7 +957,7 @@ void tst_nlsat_mv() {
     nlsat::assignment assignment(am);
     nlsat::explain& ex    = s.get_explain();
 
-    tst_vandermond();
+    tst_12();
     return;
 
     // Regression: reproduce lemma 114 where main_operator adds spurious bounds.
@@ -1071,7 +1122,7 @@ x7 := 1
 
 }
 
-static void tst_polynomial_cache_mk_unique() {
+static void tst_14() {
     params_ref ps;
     reslimit rlim;
     nlsat::solver s(rlim, ps, false);
@@ -1117,7 +1168,7 @@ static void tst_polynomial_cache_mk_unique() {
            
 }
 
-static void tst_nullified_polynomial() {
+static void tst_15() {
     params_ref      ps;
     reslimit        rlim;
     nlsat::solver s(rlim, ps, false);
@@ -1164,16 +1215,15 @@ static void tst_nullified_polynomial() {
 
     nlsat::levelwise lws(s, polys, max_x, s.sample(), pm, am, cache);
     auto cell = lws.single_cell();
-    ENSURE(lws.failed());
 }
 
-// Test case for unsound lemma lws2380 - comparing standard projection vs levelwise
-// The issue: x7 is unconstrained in levelwise output but affects the section polynomial
-static void tst_unsound_lws2380() {
-    enable_trace("nlsat_explain");
+// Historical lws2380 regression test: both projection paths should preserve
+// the x7-linked section/root constraints that witness the projected dependency.
+static void tst_16() {
+    // enable_trace("nlsat_explain");
     
     auto run_test = [](bool use_lws) {
-        std::cout << "=== tst_unsound_lws2380: " << (use_lws ? "Levelwise" : "Standard") << " projection (lws=" << use_lws << ") ===\n";
+        std::cout << "=== tst_16: " << (use_lws ? "Levelwise" : "Standard") << " projection (lws=" << use_lws << ") ===\n";
         params_ref      ps;
         ps.set_bool("lws", use_lws);
         reslimit        rlim;
@@ -1267,8 +1317,9 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws2380() {
         lits.push_back(mk_gt(s, p0.get()));  // x13 > 0
         lits.push_back(mk_gt(s, p1.get()));  // p1 > 0
 
-        project_fa(s, ex, x13, lits.size(), lits.data());
+        auto result = project_fa(s, ex, x13, lits.size(), lits.data());
         std::cout << "\n";
+        ENSURE(clause_contains_root_dependency(s, result, nlsat::atom::ROOT_EQ, x11, 1, x7, x8, x10));
     };
 
     run_test(false);  // Standard projection
@@ -1278,8 +1329,8 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws2380() {
 // Test case for unsound lemma - levelwise produces cell that's too large
 // Input: 5 polynomials with max_var=x3, sample x0=-7, x1=-1, x2=1
 // Counterexample: x0=-4, x1=-8, x2=5, x3=6
-static void tst_unsound_lws_x3() {
-    std::cout << "=== tst_unsound_lws_x3 ===\n";
+static void tst_17() {
+    std::cout << "=== tst_17 ===\n";
     params_ref      ps;
     ps.set_bool("lws", true);
     reslimit        rlim;
@@ -1339,14 +1390,7 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_x3() {
     polynomial_ref p4(pm);
     p4 = _x3 + _x1 + _x0;
 
-    std::cout << "p0: " << p0 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "p1: " << p1 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "p2: " << p2 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "p3: " << p3 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "p4: " << p4 << "\n\n";
-
-    // Set sample: x0=-7, x1=-1, x2=1, x3=? (need to pick a value in the cell)
-    // For the sample, we need an x3 value. Let's use x3=8 (which is > -x0 = 7, so p0 > 0)
+    // Set sample: x0=-7, x1=-1, x2=1, x3=8
     scoped_anum val(am);
     am.set(val, -7); sample_as.set(x0, val);
     am.set(val, -1); sample_as.set(x1, val);
@@ -1359,29 +1403,7 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_x3() {
     am.set(val, 5);  counter_as.set(x2, val);
     am.set(val, 6);  counter_as.set(x3, val);
 
-    std::cout << "Sample point: x0=-7, x1=-1, x2=1, x3=8\n";
-    std::cout << "Counterexample: x0=-4, x1=-8, x2=5, x3=6\n\n";
-
-    // Evaluate polynomials at sample
-    std::cout << "Polynomial signs at SAMPLE:\n";
-    std::cout << "  p0 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p0, sample_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p1 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p1, sample_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p2 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p2, sample_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p3 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p3, sample_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p4 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p4, sample_as) << "\n\n";
-
-    // Evaluate polynomials at counterexample
-    std::cout << "Polynomial signs at COUNTEREXAMPLE:\n";
-    std::cout << "  p0 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p0, counter_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p1 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p1, counter_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p2 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p2, counter_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p3 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p3, counter_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p4 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p4, counter_as) << "\n\n";
-
-    // Set solver assignment for levelwise (without x3)
-    am.set(val, -7); sample_as.set(x0, val);
-    am.set(val, -1); sample_as.set(x1, val);
-    am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x2, val);
+    // Set solver assignment for levelwise
     s.set_rvalues(sample_as);
 
     // Build polynomial vector
@@ -1393,165 +1415,18 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_x3() {
     polys.push_back(p4);
 
     unsigned max_x = x3;
-    
-    // Print roots of each polynomial at sample
-    std::cout << "Roots of polynomials at sample (in x3):\n";
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < polys.size(); ++i) {
-        polynomial_ref p(polys.get(i), pm);
-        if (pm.max_var(p) != x3) {
-            std::cout << "  p" << i << ": max_var is not x3, skipping\n";
-            continue;
-        }
-        scoped_anum_vector roots(am);
-        am.isolate_roots(p, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(sample_as, x3), roots);
-        std::cout << "  p" << i << " roots: ";
-        if (roots.empty()) {
-            std::cout << "(none)";
-        } else {
-            for (unsigned j = 0; j < roots.size(); ++j) {
-                if (j > 0) std::cout << ", ";
-                am.display_decimal(std::cout, roots[j], 5);
-            }
-        }
-        std::cout << "\n";
-    }
-    std::cout << "\n";
-    
-    // Compute and evaluate resultant of p3 and p4
-    std::cout << "Resultant of p3 and p4 (in x3):\n";
-    polynomial_ref res_p3_p4(pm);
-    {
-        pm.resultant(p3, p4, x3, res_p3_p4);
-        std::cout << "  Res(p3, p4) = ";
-        pm.display(std::cout, res_p3_p4);
-        std::cout << "\n";
-        std::cout << "  Sign at sample (x0=-7, x1=-1, x2=1): " << am.eval_sign_at(res_p3_p4, sample_as) << "\n";
-        std::cout << "  Sign at counter (x0=-4, x1=-8, x2=5): " << am.eval_sign_at(res_p3_p4, counter_as) << "\n";
-        
-        // Check roots of the resultant at x2 level (parametric in x0, x1)
-        std::cout << "  Roots at sample x0,x1 (in x2): ";
-        scoped_anum_vector res_roots(am);
-        nlsat::assignment partial_sample(am);
-        scoped_anum val(am);
-        am.set(val, -7); partial_sample.set(x0, val);
-        am.set(val, -1); partial_sample.set(x1, val);
-        am.isolate_roots(res_p3_p4, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(partial_sample, x2), res_roots);
-        for (unsigned j = 0; j < res_roots.size(); ++j) {
-            if (j > 0) std::cout << ", ";
-            am.display_decimal(std::cout, res_roots[j], 5);
-        }
-        std::cout << "\n";
-        
-        // Check roots at counterexample x0,x1
-        std::cout << "  Roots at counter x0,x1 (in x2): ";
-        nlsat::assignment partial_counter(am);
-        am.set(val, -4); partial_counter.set(x0, val);
-        am.set(val, -8); partial_counter.set(x1, val);
-        scoped_anum_vector res_roots_counter(am);
-        am.isolate_roots(res_p3_p4, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(partial_counter, x2), res_roots_counter);
-        for (unsigned j = 0; j < res_roots_counter.size(); ++j) {
-            if (j > 0) std::cout << ", ";
-            am.display_decimal(std::cout, res_roots_counter[j], 5);
-        }
-        std::cout << "\n";
-        
-        // Compute and check discriminant of Res(p3,p4) in x2
-        std::cout << "\n  Discriminant of Res(p3,p4) in x2:\n";
-        polynomial_ref disc_res(pm);
-        pm.discriminant(res_p3_p4, x2, disc_res);
-        std::cout << "    Disc = ";
-        pm.display(std::cout, disc_res);
-        std::cout << "\n";
-        std::cout << "    Sign at sample (x0=-7, x1=-1): " << am.eval_sign_at(disc_res, sample_as) << "\n";
-        std::cout << "    Sign at counter (x0=-4, x1=-8): " << am.eval_sign_at(disc_res, counter_as) << "\n";
-    }
-    std::cout << "\n";
-    
-    std::cout << "Running levelwise with max_x = x3\n";
 
     // Run levelwise
     nlsat::levelwise lws(s, polys, max_x, s.sample(), pm, am, cache);
     auto cell = lws.single_cell();
-    
-    std::cout << "Levelwise " << (lws.failed() ? "FAILED" : "succeeded") << "\n";
-    std::cout << "Cell intervals (count=" << cell.size() << "):\n";
-    for (auto const& interval : cell) {
-        nlsat::display(std::cout << "  ", s, interval) << "\n";
-    }
 
-    // Evaluate cell bounds at counterexample to check if counterexample is in cell
-    std::cout << "\n--- Checking if counterexample is in cell ---\n";
-    std::cout << "For a SECTOR (lower_root, upper_root), variable x satisfies:\n";
-    std::cout << "  x > lower_root  AND  x < upper_root\n\n";
-    
-    // For univariate evaluation, we need to substitute lower vars
-    // Level 0: x0 interval, evaluate at x0=-4
-    // Level 1: x1 interval (parametric in x0), evaluate at (x0=-4, x1=-8)
-    // Level 2: x2 interval (parametric in x0,x1), evaluate at (x0=-4,x1=-8,x2=5)
-    
-    bool counterexample_outside_cell = false;
-    
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); ++i) {
-        auto const& interval = cell[i];
-        nlsat::var level = i;
-        std::cout << "Level " << level << ":\n";
-        
-        // Build assignment up to this level (exclusive) for root isolation
-        nlsat::assignment partial_as(am);
-        scoped_anum val(am);
-        if (level > 0) { am.set(val, -4); partial_as.set(x0, val); }
-        if (level > 1) { am.set(val, -8); partial_as.set(x1, val); }
-        if (level > 2) { am.set(val, 5);  partial_as.set(x2, val); }
-        
-        scoped_anum counter_val(am);
-        if (level == 0) am.set(counter_val, -4);
-        else if (level == 1) am.set(counter_val, -8);
-        else if (level == 2) am.set(counter_val, 5);
-        
-        if (interval.is_section()) {
-            std::cout << "  Section case\n";
-        } else {
-            // Isolate roots and check bounds
-            if (!interval.l_inf()) {
-                polynomial_ref lower_p(interval.l, pm);
-                scoped_anum_vector lower_roots(am);
-                am.isolate_roots(lower_p, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(partial_as, level), lower_roots);
-                if (lower_roots.size() >= interval.l_index) {
-                    std::cout << "  Lower root (root[" << interval.l_index << "]): ";
-                    am.display_decimal(std::cout, lower_roots[interval.l_index - 1], 10);
-                    std::cout << "\n";
-                    std::cout << "  Counter x" << level << " = ";
-                    am.display_decimal(std::cout, counter_val, 10);
-                    int cmp = am.compare(counter_val, lower_roots[interval.l_index - 1]);
-                    std::cout << " -> " << (cmp > 0 ? "ABOVE" : (cmp < 0 ? "BELOW" : "EQUAL")) << " lower bound\n";
-                    if (cmp <= 0) counterexample_outside_cell = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!interval.u_inf()) {
-                polynomial_ref upper_p(interval.u, pm);
-                scoped_anum_vector upper_roots(am);
-                am.isolate_roots(upper_p, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(partial_as, level), upper_roots);
-                if (upper_roots.size() >= interval.u_index) {
-                    std::cout << "  Upper root (root[" << interval.u_index << "]): ";
-                    am.display_decimal(std::cout, upper_roots[interval.u_index - 1], 10);
-                    std::cout << "\n";
-                    std::cout << "  Counter x" << level << " = ";
-                    am.display_decimal(std::cout, counter_val, 10);
-                    int cmp = am.compare(counter_val, upper_roots[interval.u_index - 1]);
-                    std::cout << " -> " << (cmp > 0 ? "ABOVE" : (cmp < 0 ? "BELOW" : "EQUAL")) << " upper bound\n";
-                    if (cmp >= 0) counterexample_outside_cell = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        std::cout << "\n";
-    }
+    // Sanity-check: the counterexample must truly be a counterexample
+    ENSURE(has_different_sign(am, pm, polys, sample_as, counter_as));
 
-    // The counterexample has different polynomial signs than the sample.
-    // For a sound cell, the counterexample must be OUTSIDE the cell.
-    ENSURE(counterexample_outside_cell);
-    std::cout << "SUCCESS: Counterexample is OUTSIDE the cell (cell is sound)\n";
+    // Counterexample must be OUTSIDE the cell
+    ENSURE(!is_point_inside_cell(am, pm, cell, counter_as));
     
-    std::cout << "=== END tst_unsound_lws_x3 ===\n\n";
+    std::cout << "=== END tst_17 ===\n\n";
 }
 
 // Test case for unsound lemma from From_T2__n-46.t2__p4432_terminationG_0.smt2
@@ -1575,8 +1450,8 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_x3() {
 //   !(2 x2 x6^2 + x0 x5 x6 + 2 x2 x4 x6 + x2 x3 x6 - x0 x6 - x0 x4 < 0) or
 //   x7 < root[1](x2 x6^2 x7 + ... + 2 x6 + 2 x4) or 
 //   !(x7 < root[1](x2 x6 x7 - 2))
-static void tst_unsound_lws_n46() {
-    std::cout << "=== tst_unsound_lws_n46 ===\n";
+static void tst_18() {
+    std::cout << "=== tst_18 ===\n";
     
     params_ref      ps;
     ps.set_bool("lws", true);
@@ -1632,16 +1507,9 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_n46() {
     polynomial_ref p4(pm);
     p4 = _x2 * _x6 * _x7 - 2;
 
-    std::cout << "Input polynomials:\n";
-    std::cout << "  p0: " << p0 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p1: " << p1 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p2: " << p2 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p3: " << p3 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p4: " << p4 << "\n\n";
-
     // Set sample point: x0=1, x1=2, x2=1, x3=-1, x4=-1, x5=1, x6=7/8
     scoped_anum val(am);
-    rational q(7, 8);  // 0.875 = 7/8
+    rational q(7, 8);
     am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x0, val);
     am.set(val, 2);  sample_as.set(x1, val);
     am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x2, val);
@@ -1650,8 +1518,6 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_n46() {
     am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x5, val);
     am.set(val, q.to_mpq()); sample_as.set(x6, val);
 
-    std::cout << "Sample point: x0=1, x1=2, x2=1, x3=-1, x4=-1, x5=1, x6=7/8\n";
-
     // Set counterexample: x0=1, x2=1, x3=0, x4=-9, x5=0, x6=5, x7=0
     am.set(val, 1);  counter_as.set(x0, val);
     am.set(val, 0);  counter_as.set(x1, val);
@@ -1662,8 +1528,6 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_n46() {
     am.set(val, 5);  counter_as.set(x6, val);
     am.set(val, 0);  counter_as.set(x7, val);
 
-    std::cout << "Counterexample: x0=1, x2=1, x3=0, x4=-9, x5=0, x6=5, x7=0\n\n";
-
     // Set solver assignment for levelwise
     s.set_rvalues(sample_as);
 
@@ -1678,88 +1542,21 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_n46() {
     nlsat::var max_x = x7;
 
     // Run levelwise
-    std::cout << "Running levelwise with max_x = x7...\n";
     nlsat::levelwise lws(s, polys, max_x, s.sample(), pm, am, cache);
     auto cell = lws.single_cell();
 
-    std::cout << "Levelwise " << (lws.failed() ? "FAILED" : "succeeded") << "\n";
-    std::cout << "Cell intervals:\n";
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); ++i) {
-        std::cout << "  Level " << i << ": ";
-        nlsat::display(std::cout, s, cell[i]) << "\n";
-    }
-
-    // Print the lemma produced by levelwise
-    std::cout << "\n--- LEMMA from levelwise ---\n";
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); ++i) {
-        auto const& interval = cell[i];
-        if (interval.section) {
-            std::cout << "!(x" << i << " = root[" << interval.l_index << "](";
-            pm.display(std::cout, interval.l) << "))\n";
-        } else {
-            if (!interval.l_inf()) {
-                std::cout << "!(x" << i << " > root[" << interval.l_index << "](";
-                pm.display(std::cout, interval.l) << "))\n";
-            }
-            if (!interval.u_inf()) {
-                std::cout << "!(x" << i << " < root[" << interval.u_index << "](";
-                pm.display(std::cout, interval.u) << "))\n";
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    std::cout << "--- END LEMMA ---\n\n";
-
-    // Test for the discriminant projection fix:
-    //
-    // BUG: When p1 = (x6-1)^2 at the sample (a double root), the discriminant of p1
-    // is zero. The function compute_omit_disc_for_same_boundary() incorrectly omitted
-    // this discriminant because it only checked if p1(sample) != 0, not if disc(p1) = 0.
-    //
-    // FIX: Now we also check if disc(p) = 0 at sample, and if so, we keep the discriminant.
-    // This causes the discriminant's root polynomial (x2*x4 + x0) to be projected,
-    // creating a section at level 4 that excludes the counterexample.
-
-    std::cout << "=== Verifying discriminant projection fix ===\n";
-
-    // Check 1: Level 4 should now be a SECTION (not a sector as before the fix)
-    // The discriminant of p1 w.r.t. x6 has a factor (x2*x4 + x0) that becomes the section
+    // Verify discriminant projection fix:
+    // Level 4 should be a SECTION (disc of p1 w.r.t. x6 has factor x2*x4+x0)
     ENSURE(cell.size() > 4);
-    ENSURE(cell[4].section);  // Level 4 must be a section after the fix
-    std::cout << "Level 4 is a section: " << (cell[4].section ? "YES (FIX WORKING)" : "NO (BUG!)") << "\n";
+    ENSURE(cell[4].section);
 
-    // Check 2: The section polynomial at level 4 should be x2*x4 + x0 (or equivalent)
-    // At sample: x2=1, x0=1, so root is x4 = -x0/x2 = -1 (matches sample x4=-1)
-    polynomial_ref section_poly(cell[4].l, pm);
-    std::cout << "Level 4 section polynomial: " << section_poly << "\n";
+    // Sanity-check: the counterexample must truly be a counterexample
+    ENSURE(has_different_sign(am, pm, polys, sample_as, counter_as));
 
-    // Check 3: Verify the counterexample is OUTSIDE the cell
-    // At counterexample: x2=1, x0=1, so section root is x4 = -1
-    // But counterexample has x4 = -9, which is NOT equal to -1
-    // Therefore the literal !(x4 = root[1](...)) is TRUE, making the lemma sound
-
-    polynomial_ref x4_section(pm);
-    x4_section = _x2 * _x4 + _x0;  // Expected section polynomial
-    scoped_anum_vector roots_x4(am);
-    am.isolate_roots(x4_section, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(counter_as, x4), roots_x4);
-
-    std::cout << "At counterexample:\n";
-    std::cout << "  Section polynomial: x2*x4 + x0 = x4 + 1\n";
-    std::cout << "  Section root: x4 = ";
-    if (!roots_x4.empty()) am.display_decimal(std::cout, roots_x4[0], 6);
-    std::cout << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  Counterexample x4 = -9\n";
-
-    bool x4_at_section = !roots_x4.empty() && am.eq(counter_as.value(x4), roots_x4[0]);
-    std::cout << "  Is x4=-9 equal to section root? " << (x4_at_section ? "YES" : "NO") << "\n";
-
-    // The fix ensures x4_at_section is FALSE, meaning the counterexample is OUTSIDE the cell
-    ENSURE(!x4_at_section);  // Counterexample must NOT satisfy the section constraint
-
-    std::cout << "\n=== FIX VERIFIED: Counterexample is outside the cell ===\n";
-    std::cout << "The lemma literal !(x4 = root[1](x2*x4 + x0)) is TRUE at counterexample.\n";
-    std::cout << "Therefore the lemma is SOUND (disjunction has a true literal).\n";
+    // Counterexample must be OUTSIDE the cell
+    ENSURE(!is_point_inside_cell(am, pm, cell, counter_as));
     
-    std::cout << "=== END tst_unsound_lws_n46 ===\n\n";
+    std::cout << "=== END tst_18 ===\n\n";
 }
 
 // Test case for unsound lemma from From_AProVE_2014__Et4-rec.jar-obl-8__p28996_terminationG_0.smt2
@@ -1770,8 +1567,8 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_n46() {
 //   p[1]: 2 x0 x4^2 + 2 x3 x4 - x0 x4 - 2 x3
 //   p[2]: 2 x0 x4^2 x5 + 2 x3 x4 x5 - x0 x4 x5 - 2 x3 x5 + 4 x3 x4^2 + 9 x0 x3 x4 - 26 x3 x4 - 3 x0 x4
 //   p[3]: x5 - 9
-static void tst_unsound_lws_et4() {
-    std::cout << "=== tst_unsound_lws_et4 ===\n";
+static void tst_19() {
+    std::cout << "=== tst_19 ===\n";
     params_ref      ps;
     ps.set_bool("lws", true);
     reslimit        rlim;
@@ -1821,11 +1618,6 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_et4() {
     polynomial_ref p3(pm);
     p3 = _x5 - 9;
 
-    std::cout << "p0: " << p0 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "p1: " << p1 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "p2: " << p2 << "\n";
-    std::cout << "p3: " << p3 << "\n\n";
-
     // Sample: x0=4, x1=5, x2=3.5, x3=-8, x4=5
     scoped_anum val(am);
     am.set(val, 4);  sample_as.set(x0, val);
@@ -1838,18 +1630,13 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_et4() {
     
     // Counterexample: x0=5, x3=3, x4=0, x5=0
     am.set(val, 5);  counter_as.set(x0, val);
-    am.set(val, 5);  counter_as.set(x1, val);  // use same as sample
-    am.set(val, q.to_mpq());  counter_as.set(x2, val);  // use same as sample
+    am.set(val, 5);  counter_as.set(x1, val);
+    am.set(val, q.to_mpq());  counter_as.set(x2, val);
     am.set(val, 3);  counter_as.set(x3, val);
     am.set(val, 0);  counter_as.set(x4, val);
     am.set(val, 0);  counter_as.set(x5, val);
 
-    std::cout << "Sample point: x0=4, x1=5, x2=3.5, x3=-8, x4=5\n";
-    std::cout << "Counterexample: x0=5, x3=3, x4=0, x5=0\n\n";
-
-    // Evaluate polynomials at sample (need to set x5 for evaluation)
-    scoped_anum sample_x5(am);
-    am.set(sample_x5, 0);  // pick some value in the cell
+    // sample_full includes x5=0 for sign evaluation
     nlsat::assignment sample_full(am);
     am.set(val, 4);  sample_full.set(x0, val);
     am.set(val, 5);  sample_full.set(x1, val);
@@ -1857,19 +1644,6 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_et4() {
     am.set(val, -8); sample_full.set(x3, val);
     am.set(val, 5);  sample_full.set(x4, val);
     am.set(val, 0);  sample_full.set(x5, val);
-    
-    std::cout << "Polynomial signs at SAMPLE (with x5=0):\n";
-    std::cout << "  p0 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p0, sample_full) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p1 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p1, sample_full) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p2 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p2, sample_full) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p3 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p3, sample_full) << "\n\n";
-
-    // Evaluate polynomials at counterexample
-    std::cout << "Polynomial signs at COUNTEREXAMPLE:\n";
-    std::cout << "  p0 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p0, counter_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p1 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p1, counter_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p2 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p2, counter_as) << "\n";
-    std::cout << "  p3 sign: " << am.eval_sign_at(p3, counter_as) << "\n\n";
 
     // Set solver assignment for levelwise (without x5)
     s.set_rvalues(sample_as);
@@ -1882,113 +1656,18 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_et4() {
     polys.push_back(p3);
 
     unsigned max_x = x5;
-    
-    // Print roots of each polynomial at sample
-    std::cout << "Roots of polynomials at sample (in x5):\n";
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < polys.size(); ++i) {
-        polynomial_ref p(polys.get(i), pm);
-        if (pm.max_var(p) != x5) {
-            std::cout << "  p" << i << ": max_var is not x5, skipping\n";
-            continue;
-        }
-        scoped_anum_vector roots(am);
-        am.isolate_roots(p, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(sample_as, x5), roots);
-        std::cout << "  p" << i << " roots: ";
-        if (roots.empty()) {
-            std::cout << "(none)";
-        } else {
-            for (unsigned j = 0; j < roots.size(); ++j) {
-                if (j > 0) std::cout << ", ";
-                am.display_decimal(std::cout, roots[j], 5);
-            }
-        }
-        std::cout << "\n";
-    }
-    std::cout << "\n";
-    
-    std::cout << "Running levelwise with max_x = x5\n";
 
     // Run levelwise
     nlsat::levelwise lws(s, polys, max_x, s.sample(), pm, am, cache);
     auto cell = lws.single_cell();
-    
-    std::cout << "Levelwise " << (lws.failed() ? "FAILED" : "succeeded") << "\n";
-    std::cout << "Cell intervals (count=" << cell.size() << "):\n";
-    for (auto const& interval : cell) {
-        nlsat::display(std::cout << "  ", s, interval) << "\n";
-    }
 
-    // Evaluate cell bounds at counterexample to check if counterexample is in cell
-    std::cout << "\n--- Checking if counterexample is in cell ---\n";
-    
-    bool counterexample_outside_cell = false;
-    
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); ++i) {
-        auto const& interval = cell[i];
-        nlsat::var level = i;
-        std::cout << "Level " << level << " (x" << level << "):\n";
-        
-        // Build assignment up to this level (exclusive) for root isolation
-        nlsat::assignment partial_as(am);
-        scoped_anum val(am);
-        if (level > 0) { am.set(val, 5);  partial_as.set(x0, val); }  // counter x0
-        if (level > 1) { am.set(val, 5);  partial_as.set(x1, val); }
-        if (level > 2) { am.set(val, q.to_mpq());  partial_as.set(x2, val); }
-        if (level > 3) { am.set(val, 3);  partial_as.set(x3, val); }  // counter x3
-        if (level > 4) { am.set(val, 0);  partial_as.set(x4, val); }  // counter x4
-        
-        scoped_anum counter_val(am);
-        if (level == 0) am.set(counter_val, 5);   // x0
-        else if (level == 1) am.set(counter_val, 5);
-        else if (level == 2) am.set(counter_val, q.to_mpq());
-        else if (level == 3) am.set(counter_val, 3);  // x3
-        else if (level == 4) am.set(counter_val, 0);  // x4
-        else if (level == 5) am.set(counter_val, 0);  // x5
-        
-        if (interval.is_section()) {
-            std::cout << "  Section case\n";
-        } else {
-            // Isolate roots and check bounds
-            if (!interval.l_inf()) {
-                polynomial_ref lower_p(interval.l, pm);
-                scoped_anum_vector lower_roots(am);
-                am.isolate_roots(lower_p, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(partial_as, level), lower_roots);
-                if (lower_roots.size() >= interval.l_index) {
-                    std::cout << "  Lower root (root[" << interval.l_index << "]): ";
-                    am.display_decimal(std::cout, lower_roots[interval.l_index - 1], 10);
-                    std::cout << "\n";
-                    std::cout << "  Counter x" << level << " = ";
-                    am.display_decimal(std::cout, counter_val, 10);
-                    int cmp = am.compare(counter_val, lower_roots[interval.l_index - 1]);
-                    std::cout << " -> " << (cmp > 0 ? "ABOVE" : (cmp < 0 ? "BELOW" : "EQUAL")) << " lower bound\n";
-                    if (cmp <= 0) counterexample_outside_cell = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!interval.u_inf()) {
-                polynomial_ref upper_p(interval.u, pm);
-                scoped_anum_vector upper_roots(am);
-                am.isolate_roots(upper_p, nlsat::undef_var_assignment(partial_as, level), upper_roots);
-                if (upper_roots.size() >= interval.u_index) {
-                    std::cout << "  Upper root (root[" << interval.u_index << "]): ";
-                    am.display_decimal(std::cout, upper_roots[interval.u_index - 1], 10);
-                    std::cout << "\n";
-                    std::cout << "  Counter x" << level << " = ";
-                    am.display_decimal(std::cout, counter_val, 10);
-                    int cmp = am.compare(counter_val, upper_roots[interval.u_index - 1]);
-                    std::cout << " -> " << (cmp > 0 ? "ABOVE" : (cmp < 0 ? "BELOW" : "EQUAL")) << " upper bound\n";
-                    if (cmp >= 0) counterexample_outside_cell = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        std::cout << "\n";
-    }
+    // Sanity-check: the counterexample must truly be a counterexample
+    ENSURE(has_different_sign(am, pm, polys, sample_full, counter_as));
 
-    // The counterexample has different polynomial signs than the sample.
-    // For a sound cell, the counterexample must be OUTSIDE the cell.
-    ENSURE(counterexample_outside_cell);
-    std::cout << "SUCCESS: Counterexample is OUTSIDE the cell (cell is sound)\n";
+    // Counterexample must be OUTSIDE the cell
+    ENSURE(!is_point_inside_cell(am, pm, cell, counter_as));
     
-    std::cout << "=== END tst_unsound_lws_et4 ===\n\n";
+    std::cout << "=== END tst_19 ===\n\n";
 }
 
 // Test case for unsound lemma with disc=0 at sample for same_boundary_poly sector case
@@ -1998,8 +1677,8 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_et4() {
 //   p[2]: x3
 // Sample: x0=1, x1=1, x2=1
 // Counterexample: x1=12, x2=16, x3=0
-static void tst_unsound_lws_disc_zero() {
-    std::cout << "=== tst_unsound_lws_disc_zero ===\n";
+static void tst_20() {
+    std::cout << "=== tst_20 ===\n";
 
     params_ref      ps;
     ps.set_bool("lws", true);
@@ -2074,7 +1753,6 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_disc_zero() {
     nlsat::levelwise lws(s, polys, max_x, s.sample(), pm, am, cache);
     auto cell = lws.single_cell();
 
-    std::cout << "Levelwise " << (lws.failed() ? "FAILED" : "succeeded") << "\n";
     std::cout << "Cell intervals:\n";
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); ++i) {
         std::cout << "  Level " << i << ": ";
@@ -2160,6 +1838,10 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_disc_zero() {
 
     // For a sound cell, if polynomial signs differ, counter MUST be outside the cell
     // The fix (projecting p0's discriminant) should create bounds that exclude the counterexample
+    // Sanity-check: the counterexample must truly be a counterexample,
+    // i.e. at least one input polynomial has a different sign.
+    ENSURE(has_different_sign(am, pm, polys, sample_as, counter_as));
+
     if (p0_sample != p0_counter) {
         std::cout << "\nPoly signs differ between sample and counter.\n";
         std::cout << "For cell to be sound, counter must be OUTSIDE the cell.\n";
@@ -2169,13 +1851,13 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_disc_zero() {
         std::cout << "\nPoly signs match - cell is trivially sound.\n";
     }
 
-    std::cout << "\n=== END tst_unsound_lws_disc_zero ===\n\n";
+    std::cout << "\n=== END tst_20 ===\n\n";
 }
 
 // Test case for unsound lemma from ppblockterm.t2__p7867_terminationG_0.smt2
 // Issue z3-76w: levelwise produces unsound cell
-static void tst_unsound_lws_ppblockterm() {
-    std::cout << "=== tst_unsound_lws_ppblockterm ===\n";
+static void tst_21() {
+    std::cout << "=== tst_21 ===\n";
     params_ref      ps;
     ps.set_bool("lws", true);
     reslimit        rlim;
@@ -2294,49 +1976,30 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_ppblockterm() {
     nlsat::levelwise lws(s, polys, max_x, s.sample(), pm, am, cache);
     auto cell = lws.single_cell();
     
-    if (lws.failed()) {
-        std::cout << "Levelwise FAILED\n";
-    } else {
-        std::cout << "Levelwise succeeded\n";
-        std::cout << "--- LEMMA from levelwise ---\n";
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); i++) {
-            auto const& interval = cell[i];
-            std::cout << "Level x" << i << ": ";
-            if (interval.is_section()) {
-                std::cout << "section at root[" << interval.l_index << "] of " << interval.l << "\n";
-            } else {
-                if (interval.l_inf())
-                    std::cout << "(-oo, ";
-                else
-                    std::cout << "(root[" << interval.l_index << "] of " << interval.l << ", ";
-                if (interval.u_inf())
-                    std::cout << "+oo)";
-                else
-                    std::cout << "root[" << interval.u_index << "] of " << interval.u << ")";
-                std::cout << "\n";
-            }
+    std::cout << "Levelwise succeeded\n";
+    std::cout << "--- LEMMA from levelwise ---\n";
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); i++) {
+        auto const& interval = cell[i];
+        std::cout << "Level x" << i << ": ";
+        if (interval.is_section()) {
+            std::cout << "section at root[" << interval.l_index << "] of " << interval.l << "\n";
+        } else {
+            if (interval.l_inf())
+                std::cout << "(-oo, ";
+            else
+                std::cout << "(root[" << interval.l_index << "] of " << interval.l << ", ";
+            if (interval.u_inf())
+                std::cout << "+oo)";
+            else
+                std::cout << "root[" << interval.u_index << "] of " << interval.u << ")";
+            std::cout << "\n";
         }
+
         std::cout << "--- END LEMMA ---\n\n";
         
-        // Check polynomial signs at sample and counterexample
-        int p0_sample = am.eval_sign_at(p0, sample_as);
-        int p1_sample = am.eval_sign_at(p1, sample_as);
-        int p2_sample = am.eval_sign_at(p2, sample_as);
-        int p3_sample = am.eval_sign_at(p3, sample_as);
-        
-        int p0_counter = am.eval_sign_at(p0, counter_as);
-        int p1_counter = am.eval_sign_at(p1, counter_as);
-        int p2_counter = am.eval_sign_at(p2, counter_as);
-        int p3_counter = am.eval_sign_at(p3, counter_as);
-        
-        bool signs_differ = (p0_sample != p0_counter) || (p1_sample != p1_counter) ||
-                           (p2_sample != p2_counter) || (p3_sample != p3_counter);
-        
-        if (signs_differ) {
-            std::cout << "Polynomial signs DIFFER between sample and counterexample.\n";
-        } else {
-            std::cout << "Polynomial signs match between sample and counterexample.\n";
-        }
+        // Sanity-check: the counterexample must truly be a counterexample,
+        // i.e. at least one input polynomial has a different sign.
+        ENSURE(has_different_sign(am, pm, polys, sample_as, counter_as));
         
         // Verify that the counterexample is OUTSIDE the cell (cell is sound)
         std::cout << "\nChecking if counterexample is inside cell:\n";
@@ -2347,7 +2010,7 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_ppblockterm() {
         std::cout << "SUCCESS: Counterexample is OUTSIDE the cell (cell is sound)\n";
     }
 
-    std::cout << "=== END tst_unsound_lws_ppblockterm ===\n\n";
+    std::cout << "=== END tst_21 ===\n\n";
 }
 
 // Test case for gh-8397: unsound lemma with lws=false
@@ -2358,7 +2021,7 @@ static void tst_unsound_lws_ppblockterm() {
 // 4 x6^3 + 4 x5 x6^2 - 4 x1 x6^2 + 4 x6^2 - 4 x1 x5 x6 - 4 x1 x6 < 0 or 
 // x6 - x1 = 0 or x6 > 0
 // Counterexample: x1 = 0, x5 = 0, x6 = -0.5
-static void tst_unsound_gh8397() {
+static void tst_22() {
     // Reproduce exact unsound lemma from gh-8397
     // Unsound lemma: !(1024 x1 = 0) or !(x1 + 1 > 0) or !(2048 x1^2 + 4096 x1 = 0) or 
     //   !(x1 = root[3](1024 x1^3 + 6144 x1^2 + 6144 x1)) or 
@@ -2366,7 +2029,7 @@ static void tst_unsound_gh8397() {
     //   4 x6^3 + 4 x5 x6^2 - 4 x1 x6^2 + 4 x6^2 - 4 x1 x5 x6 - 4 x1 x6 < 0 or x6 - x1 = 0 or x6 > 0
     // Counterexample: x1=0, x5=0, x6=-0.5 makes ALL literals FALSE
     // Sample point: x0=-1, x1=0, x2=0, x3=-1, x4=0, x5=-1 (x6 is conflict var)
-    std::cout << "=== tst_unsound_gh8397 ===\n";
+    std::cout << "=== tst_22 ===\n";
     
     auto run_test = [](bool use_lws) {
         std::cout << "\n--- Running with lws=" << (use_lws ? "true" : "false") << " ---\n";
@@ -2516,36 +2179,365 @@ static void tst_unsound_gh8397() {
             }
         }
         
-        if (all_false) {
+        if (all_false)
             std::cout << "*** ALL literals FALSE at counterexample - LEMMA IS UNSOUND! ***\n";
-        } else {
+        else
             std::cout << "At least one literal is TRUE - lemma is sound at this point\n";
-        }
+        ENSURE(!all_false);
     };
     
     run_test(false);  // lws=false (buggy)
     run_test(true);   // lws=true (should be correct)
     
-    std::cout << "\n=== END tst_unsound_gh8397 ===\n\n";
+    std::cout << "\n=== END tst_22 ===\n\n";
+}
+
+
+// Test case for unsound lemma - nullified polynomial in levelwise
+// Polynomials:
+//   p[0]: - x6 + x3 x5 + 1
+//   p[1]: - x2
+//   p[2]: - 2 x2 x6^2 + 2 x3 x5 x6 - 2 x2 x5 x6 + x4 x5^3 + 2 x3 x5^2
+// Sample: x0=4, x1=1, x2=1, x3=5/2, x4=0, x5=1
+// Counterexample: x2=4, x3=-3, x4=0, x5=1, x6=-1
+static void tst_23() {
+    std::cout << "=== tst_23 ===\n";
+
+    params_ref      ps;
+    ps.set_bool("lws", true);
+    reslimit        rlim;
+    nlsat::solver s(rlim, ps, false);
+    anum_manager & am     = s.am();
+    nlsat::pmanager & pm  = s.pm();
+    nlsat::assignment sample_as(am);
+    nlsat::assignment counter_as(am);
+    polynomial::cache cache(pm);
+
+    nlsat::var x0 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x1 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x2 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x3 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x4 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x5 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x6 = s.mk_var(false);
+
+    polynomial_ref _x2(pm), _x3(pm), _x4(pm), _x5(pm), _x6(pm);
+    _x2 = pm.mk_polynomial(x2);
+    _x3 = pm.mk_polynomial(x3);
+    _x4 = pm.mk_polynomial(x4);
+    _x5 = pm.mk_polynomial(x5);
+    _x6 = pm.mk_polynomial(x6);
+
+    polynomial_ref p0(pm), p1(pm), p2(pm);
+    p0 = -_x6 + _x3 * _x5 + 1;
+    p1 = -_x2;
+    p2 = -2 * _x2 * (_x6^2) + 2 * _x3 * _x5 * _x6 - 2 * _x2 * _x5 * _x6
+       + _x4 * (_x5^3) + 2 * _x3 * (_x5^2);
+
+    std::cout << "  p0: " << p0 << "\n  p1: " << p1 << "\n  p2: " << p2 << "\n";
+
+    // Sample: x0=4, x1=1, x2=1, x3=5/2, x4=0, x5=1
+    scoped_anum val(am);
+    rational five_half(5, 2);
+    am.set(val, 4);  sample_as.set(x0, val);
+    am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x1, val);
+    am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x2, val);
+    am.set(val, five_half.to_mpq()); sample_as.set(x3, val);
+    am.set(val, 0);  sample_as.set(x4, val);
+    am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x5, val);
+
+    // Counterexample: x0=4, x1=1, x2=4, x3=-3, x4=0, x5=1, x6=-1
+    am.set(val, 4);  counter_as.set(x0, val);
+    am.set(val, 1);  counter_as.set(x1, val);
+    am.set(val, 4);  counter_as.set(x2, val);
+    am.set(val, -3); counter_as.set(x3, val);
+    am.set(val, 0);  counter_as.set(x4, val);
+    am.set(val, 1);  counter_as.set(x5, val);
+    am.set(val, -1); counter_as.set(x6, val);
+
+    s.set_rvalues(sample_as);
+
+    polynomial_ref_vector polys(pm);
+    polys.push_back(p0);
+    polys.push_back(p1);
+    polys.push_back(p2);
+
+    nlsat::levelwise lws(s, polys, x6, s.sample(), pm, am, cache);
+    auto cell = lws.single_cell();
+
+    std::cout << "Cell intervals:\n";
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); ++i)
+        nlsat::display(std::cout << "  Level " << i << ": ", s, cell[i]) << "\n";
+
+    bool inside = is_point_inside_cell(am, pm, cell, counter_as);
+    // The counterexample should be OUTSIDE the cell for soundness.
+    ENSURE(!inside);
+    std::cout << "=== END tst_23 ===\n\n";
+}
+
+// Test case for unsound lemma - nullified polynomial with x4=3/4
+// Polynomials:
+//   p[0]: x2
+//   p[1]: x5 + x4
+//   p[2]: x2^2 x5 x6 + x2^2 x4 x6 + 2 x2^2 x3 x5 + x0 x2^2 x5 - 3 x0 x1 x2 x5 - 2 x0 x1^2 x5 + 2 x2^2 x3 x4 + 2 x0 x2^2 x4
+//   p[3]: x5
+//   p[4]: x2 x5 x6 - x0 x1 x5 - x0 x5 + x0 x2 x4
+// Sample: x0=1, x1=0, x2=-1, x3=0, x4=3/4, x5=1
+// Counterexample: x0=1, x1=-1, x2=-1, x3=2, x4=1, x5=1, x6=-2
+static void tst_24() {
+    std::cout << "=== tst_24 ===\n";
+
+    params_ref      ps;
+    ps.set_bool("lws", true);
+    reslimit        rlim;
+    nlsat::solver s(rlim, ps, false);
+    anum_manager & am     = s.am();
+    nlsat::pmanager & pm  = s.pm();
+    nlsat::assignment sample_as(am);
+    nlsat::assignment counter_as(am);
+    polynomial::cache cache(pm);
+
+    nlsat::var x0 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x1 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x2 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x3 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x4 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x5 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x6 = s.mk_var(false);
+
+    polynomial_ref _x0(pm), _x1(pm), _x2(pm), _x3(pm), _x4(pm), _x5(pm), _x6(pm);
+    _x0 = pm.mk_polynomial(x0);
+    _x1 = pm.mk_polynomial(x1);
+    _x2 = pm.mk_polynomial(x2);
+    _x3 = pm.mk_polynomial(x3);
+    _x4 = pm.mk_polynomial(x4);
+    _x5 = pm.mk_polynomial(x5);
+    _x6 = pm.mk_polynomial(x6);
+
+    polynomial_ref p0(pm), p1(pm), p2(pm), p3(pm), p4(pm);
+    p0 = _x2;
+    p1 = _x5 + _x4;
+    p2 = (_x2^2) * _x5 * _x6 + (_x2^2) * _x4 * _x6
+       + 2 * (_x2^2) * _x3 * _x5 + _x0 * (_x2^2) * _x5
+       - 3 * _x0 * _x1 * _x2 * _x5 - 2 * _x0 * (_x1^2) * _x5
+       + 2 * (_x2^2) * _x3 * _x4 + 2 * _x0 * (_x2^2) * _x4;
+    p3 = _x5;
+    p4 = _x2 * _x5 * _x6 - _x0 * _x1 * _x5 - _x0 * _x5 + _x0 * _x2 * _x4;
+
+    std::cout << "  p0: " << p0 << "\n  p1: " << p1 << "\n  p2: " << p2
+              << "\n  p3: " << p3 << "\n  p4: " << p4 << "\n";
+
+    // Sample: x0=1, x1=0, x2=-1, x3=0, x4=3/4, x5=1
+    scoped_anum val(am);
+    rational three_quarter(3, 4);
+    am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x0, val);
+    am.set(val, 0);  sample_as.set(x1, val);
+    am.set(val, -1); sample_as.set(x2, val);
+    am.set(val, 0);  sample_as.set(x3, val);
+    am.set(val, three_quarter.to_mpq()); sample_as.set(x4, val);
+    am.set(val, 1);  sample_as.set(x5, val);
+
+    // Counterexample: x0=1, x1=-1, x2=-1, x3=2, x4=1, x5=1, x6=-2
+    am.set(val, 1);  counter_as.set(x0, val);
+    am.set(val, -1); counter_as.set(x1, val);
+    am.set(val, -1); counter_as.set(x2, val);
+    am.set(val, 2);  counter_as.set(x3, val);
+    am.set(val, 1);  counter_as.set(x4, val);
+    am.set(val, 1);  counter_as.set(x5, val);
+    am.set(val, -2); counter_as.set(x6, val);
+
+    s.set_rvalues(sample_as);
+
+    polynomial_ref_vector polys(pm);
+    polys.push_back(p0);
+    polys.push_back(p1);
+    polys.push_back(p2);
+    polys.push_back(p3);
+    polys.push_back(p4);
+
+    nlsat::levelwise lws(s, polys, x6, s.sample(), pm, am, cache);
+    auto cell = lws.single_cell();
+
+    std::cout << "Cell intervals:\n";
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < cell.size(); ++i)
+        nlsat::display(std::cout << "  Level " << i << ": ", s, cell[i]) << "\n";
+
+    bool inside = is_point_inside_cell(am, pm, cell, counter_as);
+    // The counterexample should be OUTSIDE the cell for soundness.
+    ENSURE(!inside);
+    std::cout << "=== END tst_24 ===\n\n";
+}
+
+// Test that compute_conflict_explanation produces a lemma where the counterexample
+// falsifies at least one literal. Reproducer from p6236_terminationG_0.smt2.
+static void tst_25() {
+    std::cout << "=== tst_25 ===\n";
+
+    params_ref      ps;
+    ps.set_bool("lws", true);
+    reslimit        rlim;
+    nlsat::solver s(rlim, ps, false);
+    anum_manager & am     = s.am();
+    nlsat::pmanager & pm  = s.pm();
+    nlsat::assignment sample_as(am);
+    nlsat::assignment counter_as(am);
+
+    // Create 16 variables x0-x15
+    nlsat::var x0  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x1  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x2  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x3  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x4  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x5  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x6  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x7  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x8  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x9  = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x10 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x11 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x12 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x13 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x14 = s.mk_var(false);
+    nlsat::var x15 = s.mk_var(false);
+
+    polynomial_ref _x0(pm), _x3(pm), _x4(pm), _x5(pm), _x6(pm);
+    polynomial_ref _x9(pm), _x10(pm), _x11(pm), _x13(pm), _x14(pm), _x15(pm);
+    _x0  = pm.mk_polynomial(x0);
+    _x3  = pm.mk_polynomial(x3);
+    _x4  = pm.mk_polynomial(x4);
+    _x5  = pm.mk_polynomial(x5);
+    _x6  = pm.mk_polynomial(x6);
+    _x9  = pm.mk_polynomial(x9);
+    _x10 = pm.mk_polynomial(x10);
+    _x11 = pm.mk_polynomial(x11);
+    _x13 = pm.mk_polynomial(x13);
+    _x14 = pm.mk_polynomial(x14);
+    _x15 = pm.mk_polynomial(x15);
+
+    // p1: -x9*x15 - x10*x14 + x5*x11*x13 + x3*x4*x11 + 2
+    polynomial_ref p1(pm);
+    p1 = -_x9 * _x15 - _x10 * _x14 + _x5 * _x11 * _x13 + _x3 * _x4 * _x11 + 2;
+
+    // p2: x15 + x6*x13 + x0*x4
+    polynomial_ref p2(pm);
+    p2 = _x15 + _x6 * _x13 + _x0 * _x4;
+
+    // Build justification literals:
+    //   jst lit[0]: !(x15 < root[1](p1))  =>  literal(root_lt_bvar, true)
+    //   jst lit[1]: !(p2 > 0)             =>  literal(gt_bvar, true)
+    nlsat::bool_var root_lt_bvar = s.mk_root_atom(nlsat::atom::ROOT_LT, x15, 1, p1.get());
+    s.inc_ref(root_lt_bvar);
+    nlsat::literal jst_lit0(root_lt_bvar, true);  // negated: !(x15 < root[1](p1))
+
+    nlsat::literal gt_lit = mk_gt(s, p2.get());
+    s.inc_ref(gt_lit);
+    nlsat::literal jst_lit1 = ~gt_lit;            // negated: !(p2 > 0)
+
+    nlsat::literal jst_lits[2] = { jst_lit0, jst_lit1 };
+
+    // Sample: x0=1,x1=-1,x2=1,x3=-1,x4=2,x5=0,x6=0,x7=0,x8=0,x9=1,x10=0,x11=1/2,x12=1,x13=-4,x14=2
+    scoped_anum val(am);
+    rational half(1, 2);
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x0, rational(1));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x1, rational(-1));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x2, rational(1));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x3, rational(-1));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x4, rational(2));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x5, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x6, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x7, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x8, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x9, rational(1));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x10, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x11, half);
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x12, rational(1));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x13, rational(-4));
+    set_assignment_value(sample_as, am, x14, rational(2));
+
+    s.set_rvalues(sample_as);
+
+    // Compute conflict explanation
+    nlsat::explain& ex = s.get_explain();
+    nlsat::scoped_literal_vector result(s);
+    ex.compute_conflict_explanation(2, jst_lits, result);
+
+    // Build the full lemma: result literals + ~jst_lits
+    nlsat::literal_vector lemma;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < result.size(); ++i)
+        lemma.push_back(result[i]);
+    lemma.push_back(~jst_lits[0]);  // x15 < root[1](p1)
+    lemma.push_back(~jst_lits[1]);  // p2 > 0
+
+    std::cout << "Lemma (" << lemma.size() << " literals):\n";
+    s.display(std::cout << "  ", lemma.size(), lemma.data()) << "\n";
+
+    // Counterexample: x0=0,x3=-1,x4=1,x5=0,x6=0,x9=1,x10=0,x11=3,x13=0,x14=0,x15=0
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x0, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x1, rational(-1));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x2, rational(1));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x3, rational(-1));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x4, rational(1));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x5, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x6, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x7, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x8, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x9, rational(1));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x10, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x11, rational(3));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x12, rational(1));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x13, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x14, rational(0));
+    set_assignment_value(counter_as, am, x15, rational(0));
+
+    // Set counterexample as the solver's assignment for evaluation
+    s.set_rvalues(counter_as);
+    nlsat::evaluator& ev = s.get_evaluator();
+
+    // At least one lemma literal must be true at the counterexample for soundness
+    bool some_true = false;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < lemma.size(); ++i) {
+        nlsat::literal lit = lemma[i];
+        nlsat::atom* a = s.bool_var2atom(lit.var());
+        if (a == nullptr)
+            continue;
+        bool v = ev.eval(a, lit.sign());
+        std::cout << "  lit[" << i << "]: ";
+        s.display(std::cout, lit) << " = " << (v ? "true" : "false") << "\n";
+        if (v)
+            some_true = true;
+    }
+
+    ENSURE(some_true);
+
+    s.dec_ref(root_lt_bvar);
+    s.dec_ref(gt_lit);
+    std::cout << "=== END tst_25 ===\n\n";
 }
 
 void tst_nlsat() {
-    tst_unsound_gh8397();
-    return;
+    tst_22();
+    std::cout << "------------------\n";    
+    tst_25();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
-    tst_unsound_lws_ppblockterm();
+    tst_20();
+    std::cout << "------------------\n";    
+    tst_24();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
-    tst_unsound_lws_n46();
+    tst_23();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
-    tst_unsound_lws_et4();
+    tst_21();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
-    tst_unsound_lws_x3();
+    tst_18();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
-    tst_unsound_lws2380();
+    tst_19();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
-    tst_polynomial_cache_mk_unique();
+    tst_17();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
-    tst_nullified_polynomial();
+    tst_16();
+    std::cout << "------------------\n";
+    tst_14();
+    std::cout << "------------------\n";
+    tst_15();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
     tst11();
     std::cout << "------------------\n";
diff --git a/src/test/object_allocator.cpp b/src/test/object_allocator.cpp
index be07424e21..9f0aa351da 100644
--- a/src/test/object_allocator.cpp
+++ b/src/test/object_allocator.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ static void tst2() {
     m.enable_concurrent(true);
 
     vector<std::pair<cell *, int> > object_coeff_pairs;
-    unsigned num_resets = 0;
+    [[maybe_unused]] unsigned num_resets = 0;
 
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
         unsigned idx = rand() % 6;
diff --git a/src/test/parametric_datatype.cpp b/src/test/parametric_datatype.cpp
index 2a31803aa0..005f6a8c96 100644
--- a/src/test/parametric_datatype.cpp
+++ b/src/test/parametric_datatype.cpp
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ static void test_polymorphic_datatype_api() {
     std::cout << "triple_int_bool: " << Z3_sort_to_string(ctx, triple_int_bool) << "\n";
     
     // Get constructors and accessors from the instantiated datatype
-    Z3_func_decl mk_triple_int_bool = Z3_get_datatype_sort_constructor(ctx, triple_int_bool, 0);
+    [[maybe_unused]] Z3_func_decl mk_triple_int_bool = Z3_get_datatype_sort_constructor(ctx, triple_int_bool, 0);
     Z3_func_decl first_int_bool = Z3_get_datatype_sort_constructor_accessor(ctx, triple_int_bool, 0, 0);
-    Z3_func_decl second_int_bool = Z3_get_datatype_sort_constructor_accessor(ctx, triple_int_bool, 0, 1);
+    [[maybe_unused]] Z3_func_decl second_int_bool = Z3_get_datatype_sort_constructor_accessor(ctx, triple_int_bool, 0, 1);
     Z3_func_decl third_int_bool = Z3_get_datatype_sort_constructor_accessor(ctx, triple_int_bool, 0, 2);
     
     std::cout << "Got constructors and accessors from instantiated datatype\n";
diff --git a/src/test/permutation.cpp b/src/test/permutation.cpp
index 9e6a2d6719..abef65668a 100644
--- a/src/test/permutation.cpp
+++ b/src/test/permutation.cpp
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 static void test_constructor() {
     permutation p(5);
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
-        SASSERT(p(i) == i);
-        SASSERT(p.inv(i) == i);
+        ENSURE(p(i) == i);
+        ENSURE(p.inv(i) == i);
     }
 }
 
@@ -19,28 +19,28 @@ static void test_reset() {
     p.swap(0, 2);
     p.reset(3);
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-        SASSERT(p(i) == i);
-        SASSERT(p.inv(i) == i);
+        ENSURE(p(i) == i);
+        ENSURE(p.inv(i) == i);
     }
 }
 
 static void test_swap() {
     permutation p(4);
     p.swap(1, 3);
-    SASSERT(p(1) == 3);
-    SASSERT(p(3) == 1);
-    SASSERT(p.inv(1) == 3);
-    SASSERT(p.inv(3) == 1);
+    ENSURE(p(1) == 3);
+    ENSURE(p(3) == 1);
+    ENSURE(p.inv(1) == 3);
+    ENSURE(p.inv(3) == 1);
 }
 
 static void test_move_after() {
     permutation p(5);
     p.move_after(1, 3);
-    SASSERT(p(0) == 0);
-    SASSERT(p(1) == 2);
-    SASSERT(p(2) == 3);
-    SASSERT(p(3) == 1);
-    SASSERT(p(4) == 4);
+    ENSURE(p(0) == 0);
+    ENSURE(p(1) == 2);
+    ENSURE(p(2) == 3);
+    ENSURE(p(3) == 1);
+    ENSURE(p(4) == 4);
 }
 
 void apply_permutation_copy(unsigned sz, unsigned const * src, unsigned const * p, unsigned * target) {
@@ -74,18 +74,18 @@ static void test_apply_permutation(unsigned sz, unsigned num_tries, unsigned max
 
 static void test_check_invariant() {
     permutation p(4);
-    SASSERT(p.check_invariant());
+    ENSURE(p.check_invariant());
     p.swap(0, 2);
-    SASSERT(p.check_invariant());
+    ENSURE(p.check_invariant());
     p.move_after(1, 3);
-    SASSERT(p.check_invariant());
+    ENSURE(p.check_invariant());
 }
 
 static void test_display() {
     permutation p(4);
     std::ostringstream out;
     p.display(out);
-    SASSERT(out.str() == "0:0 1:1 2:2 3:3");
+    ENSURE(out.str() == "0:0 1:1 2:2 3:3");
 }
 
 void tst_permutation() {
diff --git a/src/test/polynomial_factorization.cpp b/src/test/polynomial_factorization.cpp
index 273dc34d94..e7f58ccba5 100644
--- a/src/test/polynomial_factorization.cpp
+++ b/src/test/polynomial_factorization.cpp
@@ -337,15 +337,7 @@ void test_factorization_large_multivariate_missing_factors() {
 
     factors fs(m);
     factor(p, fs);
-    VERIFY(fs.distinct_factors() == 2); // indeed there are 3 factors, that is demonstrated by the loop  
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < fs.distinct_factors(); ++i) {
-        polynomial_ref f(m);
-        f = fs[i];
-        if (degree(f, x1)<= 1) continue;
-        factors fs0(m);
-        factor(f, fs0);
-        VERIFY(fs0.distinct_factors() >= 2);
-    }
+    VERIFY(fs.distinct_factors() >= 3);
 
     polynomial_ref reconstructed(m);
     fs.multiply(reconstructed);
@@ -370,17 +362,8 @@ void test_factorization_multivariate_missing_factors() {
     factors fs(m);
     factor(p, fs);
 
-    // Multivariate factorization stops after returning the whole polynomial.
-    VERIFY(fs.distinct_factors() == 1);
-    VERIFY(m.degree(fs[0], 0) == 3);
-
-    factors fs_refined(m);
-    polynomial_ref residual = fs[0];
-    factor(residual, fs_refined);
-
-    // A second attempt still fails to expose the linear factors.
-    VERIFY(fs_refined.distinct_factors() == 1); // actually we need 3 factors
-    VERIFY(m.degree(fs_refined[0], 0) == 3); // actually we need degree 1
+    // Multivariate factorization should find 3 linear factors
+    VERIFY(fs.distinct_factors() == 3);
 
     polynomial_ref reconstructed(m);
     fs.multiply(reconstructed);
diff --git a/src/test/psmt.cpp b/src/test/psmt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d66c268c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/psmt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    psmt.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Tests for the parallel SMT tactic (psmt).
+    Regression test for GitHub issue #9985 (deadlock on psmt).
+
+--*/
+#ifndef SINGLE_THREAD
+
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "smt/smt_solver.h"
+#include "smt/tactic/smt_tactic_core.h"
+#include "tactic/goal.h"
+#include "tactic/tactic.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+// Regression test for GitHub issue #9985:
+//
+// psmt used to deadlock when every CDCL worker returned l_undef with a
+// reason other than "max-conflicts-reached" (e.g., theory incompleteness).
+// batch_manager::set_unknown() changed the terminal state but did not
+// notify backbone workers or the core-minimizer worker that were blocked on
+// their condition variables.  Those workers blocked forever.
+//
+// Fix: set_unknown() now calls m_bb_cv.notify_all() and
+// m_core_min_cv.notify_all() so all waiting helper threads observe the
+// state change and exit cleanly.
+//
+// We exercise three cases:
+//   1. SAT  – trivially satisfiable boolean formula.
+//   2. UNSAT – trivially unsatisfiable boolean formula.
+//   3. UNKNOWN (no deadlock) – formula whose root cube is theory-incomplete.
+//      The formula uses (as-array f) terms for a function f : Int -> Bool.
+//      The array theory marks itself incomplete for as-array, so every
+//      CDCL worker returns l_undef with "(incomplete (theory array))",
+//      triggering the set_unknown path that used to deadlock.
+static void tst_psmt_worker() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    params_ref p;
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 1. SAT test: assert (or x (not x)) – always true
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        tactic_ref t = mk_parallel_smt_tactic(m, p);
+        goal_ref   g = alloc(goal, m, false, true, false);
+        expr_ref   x(m.mk_const(symbol("x"), m.mk_bool_sort()), m);
+        g->assert_expr(m.mk_or(x, m.mk_not(x)));
+
+        model_ref           md;
+        labels_vec          labels;
+        proof_ref           pr(m);
+        expr_dependency_ref core(m);
+        std::string         reason_unknown;
+        lbool r = check_sat(*t, g, md, labels, pr, core, reason_unknown);
+        ENSURE(r == l_true);
+        (void)r;
+        std::cout << "psmt SAT: " << r << "\n";
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 2. UNSAT test: assert (and x (not x))
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        tactic_ref t = mk_parallel_smt_tactic(m, p);
+        goal_ref   g = alloc(goal, m, false, true, false);
+        expr_ref   x(m.mk_const(symbol("x"), m.mk_bool_sort()), m);
+        g->assert_expr(m.mk_and(x, m.mk_not(x)));
+
+        model_ref           md;
+        labels_vec          labels;
+        proof_ref           pr(m);
+        expr_dependency_ref core(m);
+        std::string         reason_unknown;
+        lbool r = check_sat(*t, g, md, labels, pr, core, reason_unknown);
+        ENSURE(r == l_false);
+        (void)r;
+        std::cout << "psmt UNSAT: " << r << "\n";
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 3. UNKNOWN (deadlock regression) test.
+    //
+    // Reproduce: (declare-fun f (Int) Bool)
+    //            (declare-fun g (Int) Bool)
+    //            (assert (distinct f g))
+    //            (check-sat-using psmt)
+    //
+    // In SMT-LIB2, the function symbols f and g are lifted to array terms
+    // via (as-array f) and (as-array g).  The array theory is explicitly
+    // incomplete for as-array, so check_sat returns l_undef with reason
+    // "(incomplete (theory array))".  Previously set_unknown() forgot to
+    // notify backbone and core-minimizer workers' condition variables,
+    // causing a deadlock; now it does.
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        tactic_ref t = mk_parallel_smt_tactic(m, p);
+        goal_ref   g = alloc(goal, m, false, true, false);
+
+        // Build func_decls: f : Int -> Bool, g : Int -> Bool
+        arith_util arith(m);
+        sort* int_s     = arith.mk_int();
+        sort* domain[1] = { int_s };
+        func_decl* f_decl = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("f_fn"), 1, domain, m.mk_bool_sort());
+        func_decl* g_decl = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("g_fn"), 1, domain, m.mk_bool_sort());
+
+        // (as-array f) and (as-array g): array representations of f and g
+        array_util autil(m);
+        expr_ref f_arr(autil.mk_as_array(f_decl), m);
+        expr_ref g_arr(autil.mk_as_array(g_decl), m);
+
+        // (distinct (as-array f) (as-array g))
+        expr* dist_args[2] = { f_arr, g_arr };
+        expr_ref distinct_fg(m.mk_distinct(2, dist_args), m);
+        g->assert_expr(distinct_fg);
+
+        model_ref           md;
+        labels_vec          labels;
+        proof_ref           pr(m);
+        expr_dependency_ref core(m);
+        std::string         reason_unknown;
+        lbool r = check_sat(*t, g, md, labels, pr, core, reason_unknown);
+        // The result must be l_undef (theory-incomplete).
+        // If the fix is absent, this call deadlocks instead of returning.
+        ENSURE(r == l_undef);
+        (void)r;
+        std::cout << "psmt UNKNOWN (no deadlock): " << r << "\n";
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "psmt tests passed\n";
+}
+
+void tst_psmt() {
+    tst_psmt_worker();
+}
+
+#else
+
+void tst_psmt() {
+    // Single-threaded build: parallel tactic degrades to sequential.
+    // No deadlock is possible; nothing to test.
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/test/quant_solve.cpp b/src/test/quant_solve.cpp
index 28667917fc..59e35d927e 100644
--- a/src/test/quant_solve.cpp
+++ b/src/test/quant_solve.cpp
@@ -168,6 +168,36 @@ static void test_quant_solver(ast_manager& m, char const* str, bool validate = t
     test_quant_solver(m, vars.size(), vars.data(), fml, validate);
 }
 
+static void test_qe_regression_4175() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    smt_params params;
+    arith_util a(m);
+
+    expr_ref fml = parse_fml(m, "(forall ((b Real)) (= (= r1 b) (= b 0)))");
+    VERIFY(fml);
+    expr_ref result(m);
+    qe::expr_quant_elim qe(m, params);
+    qe(m.mk_true(), fml, result);
+    VERIFY(result);
+
+    expr_ref r1(m.mk_const(symbol("r1"), a.mk_real()), m);
+    expr_ref zero(a.mk_numeral(rational(0), false), m);
+
+    {
+        smt::kernel solver(m, params);
+        solver.assert_expr(result);
+        solver.assert_expr(m.mk_eq(r1, zero));
+        VERIFY(l_true == solver.check());
+    }
+    {
+        smt::kernel solver(m, params);
+        solver.assert_expr(result);
+        solver.assert_expr(m.mk_not(m.mk_eq(r1, zero)));
+        VERIFY(l_false == solver.check());
+    }
+}
+
 
 static void test_quant_solve1() {
     ast_manager m;
@@ -253,6 +283,7 @@ void tst_quant_solve() {
     disable_debug("heap");
 
     test_quant_solve1();   
+    test_qe_regression_4175();
 
 #if 0
     memory::finalize();
@@ -262,5 +293,3 @@ void tst_quant_solve() {
     exit(0);
 #endif
 }
-
-
diff --git a/src/test/range_predicate.cpp b/src/test/range_predicate.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e526a63302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/range_predicate.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    test/range_predicate.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Unit tests for the range-algebra value type seq::range_predicate.
+
+    The tests exercise:
+      * factory constructors and canonical-form invariants,
+      * extensional equality and total ordering,
+      * Boolean operations (|, &, ~, -, ^) on hand-picked instances,
+      * exhaustive verification of de-Morgan and lattice laws on a
+        small character domain, by enumerating every subset.
+
+Author:
+
+    Margus Veanes (veanes) 2026
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_range_predicate.h"
+#include "util/debug.h"
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+using seq::range_predicate;
+
+namespace {
+
+    // Build a range_predicate from a bitmask over [0, max_char] for testing.
+    range_predicate from_mask(uint64_t mask, unsigned max_char) {
+        range_predicate r = range_predicate::empty(max_char);
+        for (unsigned c = 0; c <= max_char; ++c)
+            if ((mask >> c) & 1u)
+                r = r | range_predicate::singleton(c, max_char);
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    // Convert a range_predicate back to a bitmask for cross-checking.
+    uint64_t to_mask(range_predicate const& r) {
+        uint64_t mask = 0;
+        for (unsigned c = 0; c <= r.max_char(); ++c)
+            if (r.contains(c))
+                mask |= (uint64_t(1) << c);
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    void test_factories() {
+        auto e = range_predicate::empty(255);
+        ENSURE(e.is_empty());
+        ENSURE(!e.is_top());
+        ENSURE(e.num_ranges() == 0);
+        ENSURE(e.cardinality() == 0);
+
+        auto t = range_predicate::top(255);
+        ENSURE(!t.is_empty());
+        ENSURE(t.is_top());
+        ENSURE(t.num_ranges() == 1);
+        ENSURE(t.cardinality() == 256);
+        ENSURE(t.contains(0));
+        ENSURE(t.contains(255));
+
+        auto s = range_predicate::singleton(42, 255);
+        ENSURE(s.num_ranges() == 1);
+        ENSURE(s.cardinality() == 1);
+        ENSURE(s.contains(42));
+        ENSURE(!s.contains(41));
+        unsigned c = 0;
+        ENSURE(s.is_singleton(c));
+        ENSURE(c == 42);
+
+        auto r = range_predicate::range(10, 20, 255);
+        ENSURE(r.num_ranges() == 1);
+        ENSURE(r.cardinality() == 11);
+        ENSURE(r.contains(10));
+        ENSURE(r.contains(20));
+        ENSURE(!r.contains(9));
+        ENSURE(!r.contains(21));
+
+        // Reversed bounds produce empty.
+        auto bad = range_predicate::range(20, 10, 255);
+        ENSURE(bad.is_empty());
+
+        // Clipping at max_char.
+        auto clipped = range_predicate::range(200, 1000, 255);
+        ENSURE(clipped.num_ranges() == 1);
+        ENSURE(clipped[0] == std::make_pair(200u, 255u));
+    }
+
+    void test_equality_and_order() {
+        auto a = range_predicate::range(1, 5, 31);
+        auto b = range_predicate::range(1, 5, 31);
+        auto c = range_predicate::range(1, 6, 31);
+        ENSURE(a == b);
+        ENSURE(a != c);
+        ENSURE(a.hash() == b.hash());
+        ENSURE(a < c || c < a);
+        ENSURE(!(a < a));
+
+        auto empty = range_predicate::empty(31);
+        ENSURE(empty < a);
+
+        // Canonical merging of adjacent ranges.
+        auto d = range_predicate::range(0, 4, 31) | range_predicate::range(5, 10, 31);
+        auto e = range_predicate::range(0, 10, 31);
+        ENSURE(d == e);
+    }
+
+    void test_union_intersection_hand() {
+        unsigned const M = 31;
+        auto a = range_predicate::range(0, 4, M) | range_predicate::range(10, 14, M);
+        auto b = range_predicate::range(3, 11, M);
+
+        auto u = a | b; // [0,14]
+        ENSURE(u.num_ranges() == 1);
+        ENSURE(u[0] == std::make_pair(0u, 14u));
+
+        auto i = a & b; // [3,4] U [10,11]
+        ENSURE(i.num_ranges() == 2);
+        ENSURE(i[0] == std::make_pair(3u, 4u));
+        ENSURE(i[1] == std::make_pair(10u, 11u));
+
+        auto d = a - b; // [0,2] U [12,14]
+        ENSURE(d.num_ranges() == 2);
+        ENSURE(d[0] == std::make_pair(0u, 2u));
+        ENSURE(d[1] == std::make_pair(12u, 14u));
+
+        auto x = a ^ b; // [0,2] U [5,9] U [12,14]
+        ENSURE(x.num_ranges() == 3);
+        ENSURE(x[0] == std::make_pair(0u, 2u));
+        ENSURE(x[1] == std::make_pair(5u, 9u));
+        ENSURE(x[2] == std::make_pair(12u, 14u));
+    }
+
+    void test_complement_hand() {
+        unsigned const M = 10;
+        auto e = range_predicate::empty(M);
+        ENSURE((~e).is_top());
+        auto t = range_predicate::top(M);
+        ENSURE((~t).is_empty());
+
+        // ~([2,3] U [7,8]) = [0,1] U [4,6] U [9,10]
+        auto a = range_predicate::range(2, 3, M) | range_predicate::range(7, 8, M);
+        auto na = ~a;
+        ENSURE(na.num_ranges() == 3);
+        ENSURE(na[0] == std::make_pair(0u, 1u));
+        ENSURE(na[1] == std::make_pair(4u, 6u));
+        ENSURE(na[2] == std::make_pair(9u, 10u));
+
+        // ~([0,4]) = [5,10]
+        auto b = range_predicate::range(0, 4, M);
+        auto nb = ~b;
+        ENSURE(nb.num_ranges() == 1);
+        ENSURE(nb[0] == std::make_pair(5u, 10u));
+
+        // ~([5,10]) = [0,4]
+        auto cnb = ~nb;
+        ENSURE(cnb == b);
+    }
+
+    // Exhaustively verify the lattice / de-Morgan laws on a small domain
+    // by enumerating every possible subset (bitmask).
+    void test_exhaustive_laws() {
+        unsigned const M = 5; // 6 characters -> 64 subsets
+        unsigned const N = 1u << (M + 1);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            range_predicate A = from_mask(i, M);
+            ENSURE(to_mask(A) == i);
+            // ~ ~ A == A
+            ENSURE(~~A == A);
+            // A | ~A == top
+            ENSURE((A | ~A).is_top());
+            // A & ~A == empty
+            ENSURE((A & ~A).is_empty());
+            // cardinality matches popcount
+            unsigned pop = 0;
+            for (unsigned k = 0; k <= M; ++k) if ((i >> k) & 1u) ++pop;
+            ENSURE(A.cardinality() == pop);
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            range_predicate A = from_mask(i, M);
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j < N; ++j) {
+                range_predicate B = from_mask(j, M);
+                // Bitmask reference semantics.
+                ENSURE(to_mask(A | B) == (i | j));
+                ENSURE(to_mask(A & B) == (i & j));
+                ENSURE(to_mask(A - B) == (i & ~j & ((1u << (M + 1)) - 1u)));
+                ENSURE(to_mask(A ^ B) == (i ^ j));
+                // de-Morgan
+                ENSURE(~(A | B) == (~A & ~B));
+                ENSURE(~(A & B) == (~A | ~B));
+                // Commutativity
+                ENSURE((A | B) == (B | A));
+                ENSURE((A & B) == (B & A));
+                // (A - B) == A & ~B
+                ENSURE((A - B) == (A & ~B));
+                // (A ^ B) == (A | B) - (A & B)
+                ENSURE((A ^ B) == ((A | B) - (A & B)));
+                // Extensional equality is reflexive on equal masks.
+                if (i == j) {
+                    ENSURE(A == B);
+                    ENSURE(A.hash() == B.hash());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void test_total_order_strict() {
+        unsigned const M = 5;
+        unsigned const N = 1u << (M + 1);
+        // Strict total order: for any distinct A, B exactly one of A<B, B<A holds.
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            range_predicate A = from_mask(i, M);
+            ENSURE(!(A < A));
+            for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < N; ++j) {
+                range_predicate B = from_mask(j, M);
+                bool lt = A < B;
+                bool gt = B < A;
+                ENSURE(lt != gt);
+                ENSURE(lt || gt);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void test_display() {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << range_predicate::empty(31);
+        ENSURE(oss.str() == "[]");
+
+        oss.str("");
+        oss << range_predicate::range(3, 7, 31);
+        ENSURE(oss.str() == "[3-7]");
+
+        oss.str("");
+        oss << range_predicate::singleton(9, 31);
+        ENSURE(oss.str() == "[9]");
+
+        oss.str("");
+        auto p = range_predicate::range(0, 2, 31) | range_predicate::singleton(5, 31);
+        oss << p;
+        ENSURE(oss.str() == "[0-2,5]");
+    }
+
+}
+
+void tst_range_predicate() {
+    test_factories();
+    test_equality_and_order();
+    test_union_intersection_hand();
+    test_complement_hand();
+    test_exhaustive_laws();
+    test_total_order_strict();
+    test_display();
+    std::cout << "range_predicate unit tests passed\n";
+}
diff --git a/src/test/rational.cpp b/src/test/rational.cpp
index 8e17d0f987..1413e2bffd 100644
--- a/src/test/rational.cpp
+++ b/src/test/rational.cpp
@@ -457,10 +457,10 @@ static void tst12() {
     std::cout << "test12\n";
     rational r;
     r = 5;
-    SASSERT(r.get_bit(0));
-    SASSERT(!r.get_bit(1));
-    SASSERT(r.get_bit(2));
-    SASSERT(!r.get_bit(3));
+    ENSURE(r.get_bit(0));
+    ENSURE(!r.get_bit(1));
+    ENSURE(r.get_bit(2));
+    ENSURE(!r.get_bit(3));
     r = rational("10000000000000000000000000000000001");
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < r.get_num_bits(); ++i)
         std::cout << i << ": " << r.get_bit(i) << "\n";
diff --git a/src/test/regex_range_collapse.cpp b/src/test/regex_range_collapse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c81a424ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regex_range_collapse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    regex_range_collapse.cpp - unit tests
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_range_collapse.h"
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "util/util.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace {
+
+    using seq::range_predicate;
+    using seq::regex_to_range_predicate;
+    using seq::range_predicate_to_regex;
+
+    static void check(bool ok, char const* what) {
+        if (!ok) {
+            std::cerr << "regex_range_collapse FAILED: " << what << "\n";
+            ENSURE(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static expr_ref mk_singleton_str(seq_util& u, unsigned c) {
+        return expr_ref(u.str.mk_string(zstring(c)), u.get_manager());
+    }
+
+    static bool extract_range_chars(seq_util& u, expr* e, unsigned& lo, unsigned& hi) {
+        expr* lo_e = nullptr; expr* hi_e = nullptr;
+        expr *s = nullptr;
+        zstring str;
+        if (u.re.is_to_re(e, s) && u.str.is_string(s, str) && str.length() == 1) {
+            lo = hi = str[0];
+            return true;            
+        }
+        else if (u.re.is_range(e, lo_e, hi_e) && u.str.is_string(lo_e) && u.str.is_string(hi_e)) {
+            zstring lo_str, hi_str;
+            u.str.is_string(lo_e, lo_str);
+            u.str.is_string(hi_e, hi_str);
+            if (lo_str.length() == 1 && hi_str.length() == 1) {
+                lo = lo_str[0];
+                hi = hi_str[0];
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!u.re.is_range(e, lo_e, hi_e))
+            return false;
+        // Accept either string-constant or (seq.unit (Char N)) bound form.
+        if (u.re.is_range(e, lo, hi))
+            return true;
+        expr* lc = nullptr; expr* hc = nullptr;
+        if (u.str.is_unit(lo_e, lc) && u.is_const_char(lc, lo) &&
+            u.str.is_unit(hi_e, hc) && u.is_const_char(hc, hi))
+            return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static void run() {
+        ast_manager m;
+        reg_decl_plugins(m);
+        seq_util u(m);
+        unsigned const M = u.max_char();
+
+        sort* str_sort = u.str.mk_string_sort();
+        sort* re_sort  = u.re.mk_re(str_sort);
+
+        // primitives
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, u.re.mk_empty(re_sort), p) && p.is_empty(),
+                  "re.empty -> empty");
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, u.re.mk_full_char(re_sort), p) && p.is_top(),
+                  "re.full_char -> top");
+        }
+        // re.range "a" "z"
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref a = mk_singleton_str(u, 'a');
+            expr_ref z = mk_singleton_str(u, 'z');
+            expr_ref r(u.re.mk_range(a, z), m);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, r, p) && p.num_ranges() == 1 &&
+                  p[0].first == 'a' && p[0].second == 'z',
+                  "re.range a z -> [a,z]");
+        }
+        // Disjoint union: (a..z) | (0..9)
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref r1(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'a'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'z')), m);
+            expr_ref r2(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, '0'), mk_singleton_str(u, '9')), m);
+            expr_ref un(u.re.mk_union(r1, r2), m);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, un, p) && p.num_ranges() == 2,
+                  "(a-z)|(0-9) -> 2 ranges");
+            // canonical order: lower lo first
+            check(p[0].first == '0' && p[0].second == '9' && p[1].first == 'a' && p[1].second == 'z',
+                  "(a-z)|(0-9) ranges in canonical order");
+        }
+        // Overlapping union: (a..c) | (b..f) -> (a..f)
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref r1(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'a'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'c')), m);
+            expr_ref r2(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'b'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'f')), m);
+            expr_ref un(u.re.mk_union(r1, r2), m);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, un, p) && p.num_ranges() == 1 &&
+                  p[0].first == 'a' && p[0].second == 'f',
+                  "(a-c)|(b-f) -> (a-f)");
+        }
+        // Adjacent union: (a..c) | (d..f) -> (a..f) (canonical predicate merges adjacent)
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref r1(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'a'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'c')), m);
+            expr_ref r2(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'd'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'f')), m);
+            expr_ref un(u.re.mk_union(r1, r2), m);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, un, p) && p.num_ranges() == 1 &&
+                  p[0].first == 'a' && p[0].second == 'f',
+                  "(a-c)|(d-f) -> (a-f) via adjacency");
+        }
+        // Disjoint intersection: (a..z) & (0..9) -> empty
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref r1(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'a'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'z')), m);
+            expr_ref r2(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, '0'), mk_singleton_str(u, '9')), m);
+            expr_ref ix(u.re.mk_inter(r1, r2), m);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, ix, p) && p.is_empty(),
+                  "(a-z)&(0-9) -> empty");
+        }
+        // Overlapping intersection: (a..f) & (c..z) -> (c..f)
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref r1(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'a'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'f')), m);
+            expr_ref r2(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'c'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'z')), m);
+            expr_ref ix(u.re.mk_inter(r1, r2), m);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, ix, p) && p.num_ranges() == 1 &&
+                  p[0].first == 'c' && p[0].second == 'f',
+                  "(a-f)&(c-z) -> (c-f)");
+        }
+        // Complement: re.complement is intentionally NOT a char-class op
+        // (it operates over Σ*), so it must NOT be translated.
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref r1(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'a'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'z')), m);
+            expr_ref cmp(u.re.mk_complement(r1), m);
+            check(!regex_to_range_predicate(u, cmp, p),
+                  "re.comp of range is NOT translatable (sequence-level complement)");
+        }
+        // Diff: (a..f) \ (c..z) -> (a..b)
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref r1(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'a'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'f')), m);
+            expr_ref r2(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'c'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'z')), m);
+            expr_ref df(u.re.mk_diff(r1, r2), m);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, df, p) && p.num_ranges() == 1 &&
+                  p[0].first == 'a' && p[0].second == 'b',
+                  "(a-f) \\ (c-z) -> (a-b)");
+        }
+        // Negative: re.* of a range is NOT a char class
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            expr_ref r1(u.re.mk_range(mk_singleton_str(u, 'a'), mk_singleton_str(u, 'z')), m);
+            expr_ref star(u.re.mk_star(r1), m);
+            check(!regex_to_range_predicate(u, star, p),
+                  "re.* of range not translatable");
+        }
+
+        // Negative: a regex whose element type is NOT a sequence of
+        // characters (here (Seq Int)) must be rejected outright, even for
+        // shapes that structurally resemble char-class operators.
+        {
+            range_predicate p(M);
+            arith_util a(m);
+            sort* int_seq = u.str.mk_seq(a.mk_int());
+            sort* int_re  = u.re.mk_re(int_seq);
+            check(!regex_to_range_predicate(u, u.re.mk_empty(int_re), p),
+                  "re.empty over (Seq Int) is NOT a char class");
+            check(!regex_to_range_predicate(u, u.re.mk_full_char(int_re), p),
+                  "re.full_char over (Seq Int) is NOT a char class");
+        }
+
+        // ---- materialization round-trip ----
+
+        // empty -> re.empty
+        {
+            range_predicate p = range_predicate::empty(M);
+            expr_ref e = range_predicate_to_regex(u, p, str_sort);
+            check(u.re.is_empty(e), "empty -> re.empty");
+        }
+        // top -> re.full_char
+        {
+            range_predicate p = range_predicate::top(M);
+            expr_ref e = range_predicate_to_regex(u, p, str_sort);
+            check(u.re.is_full_char(e), "top -> re.full_char");
+        }
+        // single range -> re.range
+        {
+            range_predicate p = range_predicate::range('a', 'z', M);
+            expr_ref e = range_predicate_to_regex(u, p, str_sort);
+            unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+            check(extract_range_chars(u, e, lo, hi) && lo == 'a' && hi == 'z',
+                  "[a-z] -> re.range a z");
+        }
+        // singleton -> re.range c c
+        {
+            range_predicate p = range_predicate::singleton('A', M);
+            expr_ref e = range_predicate_to_regex(u, p, str_sort);
+            unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+            check(extract_range_chars(u, e, lo, hi) && lo == 'A' && hi == 'A',
+                  "{A} -> re.range A A");
+        }
+        // 2 ranges -> re.union(range_0, range_1) in canonical order
+        {
+            range_predicate p = range_predicate::range('0', '9', M)
+                              | range_predicate::range('a', 'z', M);
+            expr_ref e = range_predicate_to_regex(u, p, str_sort);
+            expr* a = nullptr; expr* b = nullptr;
+            check(u.re.is_union(e, a, b), "2-range -> union");
+            unsigned lo0 = 0, hi0 = 0, lo1 = 0, hi1 = 0;
+            check(extract_range_chars(u, a, lo0, hi0) && lo0 == '0' && hi0 == '9',
+                  "union arg0 = (0-9) (canonical: lower lo first)");
+            check(extract_range_chars(u, b, lo1, hi1) && lo1 == 'a' && hi1 == 'z',
+                  "union arg1 = (a-z)");
+        }
+        // 3 ranges -> right-associated union
+        {
+            range_predicate p = range_predicate::range(0, 5, M)
+                              | range_predicate::range(10, 15, M)
+                              | range_predicate::range(20, 25, M);
+            expr_ref e = range_predicate_to_regex(u, p, str_sort);
+            expr* a = nullptr; expr* rest = nullptr;
+            check(u.re.is_union(e, a, rest), "3-range -> union(...)");
+            unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+            check(extract_range_chars(u, a, lo, hi) && lo == 0 && hi == 5, "first arg = (0-5)");
+            expr* b = nullptr; expr* c = nullptr;
+            check(u.re.is_union(rest, b, c), "rest is union(...,...)");
+            check(extract_range_chars(u, b, lo, hi) && lo == 10 && hi == 15, "second range");
+            check(extract_range_chars(u, c, lo, hi) && lo == 20 && hi == 25, "third range");
+        }
+        // Round-trip identity for an arbitrary range-set
+        {
+            range_predicate p_in = range_predicate::range('a', 'c', M)
+                                 | range_predicate::range('m', 'p', M)
+                                 | range_predicate::range('x', 'z', M);
+            expr_ref e = range_predicate_to_regex(u, p_in, str_sort);
+            range_predicate p_out(M);
+            check(regex_to_range_predicate(u, e, p_out), "round-trip translatable");
+            check(p_in == p_out, "round-trip equal");
+        }
+
+        std::cerr << "regex_range_collapse tests passed\n";
+    }
+}
+
+void tst_regex_range_collapse() {
+    run();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/sat_local_search.cpp b/src/test/sat_local_search.cpp
index ce52dcc788..cdbb26df62 100644
--- a/src/test/sat_local_search.cpp
+++ b/src/test/sat_local_search.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "util/cancel_eh.h"
 #include "util/scoped_ctrl_c.h"
 #include "util/scoped_timer.h"
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <iostream>
 
 static bool build_instance(char const * filename, sat::solver& s, sat::local_search& local_search)
@@ -16,13 +17,12 @@ static bool build_instance(char const * filename, sat::solver& s, sat::local_sea
         return false;
     }
     infile.getline(line, 16383);
-#ifdef _WINDOWS
     int cur_term;
     int num_vars = 0, num_constraints = 0;
-    sscanf_s(line, "%d %d", &num_vars, &num_constraints);
-    //std::cout << "number of variables: " << num_vars << '\n';
-    //std::cout << "number of constraints: " << num_constraints << '\n';
-
+    if (sscanf(line, "%d %d", &num_vars, &num_constraints) != 2) {
+        std::cout << "Failed to parse header (expected: num_vars num_constraints)\n";
+        return false;
+    }
 
     unsigned_vector coefficients;
     sat::literal_vector lits;
@@ -57,15 +57,11 @@ static bool build_instance(char const * filename, sat::solver& s, sat::local_sea
             infile >> cur_term;
         }
         infile >> k;
-        //local_search.add_cardinality(lits.size(), lits.c_ptr(), static_cast<unsigned>(lits.size() - k));
         local_search.add_cardinality(lits.size(), lits.data(), static_cast<unsigned>(k));
     }
 
     infile.close();
     return true;
-#else
-    return false;
-#endif
 }
 
 void tst_sat_local_search(char ** argv, int argc, int& i) {
diff --git a/src/test/scoped_vector.cpp b/src/test/scoped_vector.cpp
index 05d98fcf10..2c0cb9ac07 100644
--- a/src/test/scoped_vector.cpp
+++ b/src/test/scoped_vector.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ void test_push_back_and_access() {
     
     sv.push_back(20);
 
-    SASSERT(sv.size() == 2);
-    SASSERT(sv[0] == 10);
-    SASSERT(sv[1] == 20);
+    ENSURE(sv.size() == 2);
+    ENSURE(sv[0] == 10);
+    ENSURE(sv[1] == 20);
     
     std::cout << "test_push_back_and_access passed." << std::endl;
 }
@@ -23,16 +23,16 @@ void test_scopes() {
     sv.push_back(30);
     sv.push_back(40);
 
-    SASSERT(sv.size() == 4);
-    SASSERT(sv[2] == 30);
-    SASSERT(sv[3] == 40);
+    ENSURE(sv.size() == 4);
+    ENSURE(sv[2] == 30);
+    ENSURE(sv[3] == 40);
 
     sv.pop_scope(1);
 
     std::cout << "test_scopes passed." << std::endl;
-    SASSERT(sv.size() == 2);
-    SASSERT(sv[0] == 10);
-    SASSERT(sv[1] == 20);
+    ENSURE(sv.size() == 2);
+    ENSURE(sv[0] == 10);
+    ENSURE(sv[1] == 20);
 
     std::cout << "test_scopes passed." << std::endl;
 }
@@ -45,15 +45,15 @@ void test_set() {
     sv.set(0, 30);
     sv.set(1, 40);
 
-    SASSERT(sv.size() == 2);
-    SASSERT(sv[0] == 30);
-    SASSERT(sv[1] == 40);
+    ENSURE(sv.size() == 2);
+    ENSURE(sv[0] == 30);
+    ENSURE(sv[1] == 40);
 
     sv.push_scope();
     sv.set(0, 50);
-    SASSERT(sv[0] == 50);
+    ENSURE(sv[0] == 50);
     sv.pop_scope(1);
-    SASSERT(sv[0] == 30);
+    ENSURE(sv[0] == 30);
 
     std::cout << "test_set passed." << std::endl;
 }
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ void test_pop_back() {
     sv.push_back(10);
     sv.push_back(20);
 
-    SASSERT(sv.size() == 2);
+    ENSURE(sv.size() == 2);
     sv.pop_back();
-    SASSERT(sv.size() == 1);
-    SASSERT(sv[0] == 10);
+    ENSURE(sv.size() == 1);
+    ENSURE(sv[0] == 10);
     sv.pop_back();
-    SASSERT(sv.size() == 0);
+    ENSURE(sv.size() == 0);
 
     std::cout << "test_pop_back passed." << std::endl;
 }
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ void test_erase_and_swap() {
 
     sv.erase_and_swap(1);
 
-    SASSERT(sv.size() == 2);
-    SASSERT(sv[0] == 10);
-    SASSERT(sv[1] == 30);
+    ENSURE(sv.size() == 2);
+    ENSURE(sv[0] == 10);
+    ENSURE(sv[1] == 30);
 
     std::cout << "test_erase_and_swap passed." << std::endl;
 }
diff --git a/src/test/seq_regex_bisim.cpp b/src/test/seq_regex_bisim.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49a96e8c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/seq_regex_bisim.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Regression test for the seq::derive::intersect_intervals bug.
+//
+// Background: derive uses a path-tracking interval set to compute symbolic
+// derivatives.  The intersect_intervals routine used to react to a single
+// disjoint interval by dropping the entire kept suffix and skipping the rest
+// of the list, which silently killed valid branches in derivatives such as
+// D(a|b).  That made the bisimulation procedure conclude bogus equalities
+// like a* == (a|b)*.
+//
+// This file also covers the seq::derive top-level-cache poisoning bug.
+// `m_top_cache` is keyed only by the regex; the routine used to populate it
+// while `m_ele` was set to a *concrete* character, baking that character
+// into the cached "symbolic" derivative.  Subsequent calls with the same
+// regex but a different ele then returned a stale concrete answer instead
+// of the true symbolic derivative.  The simplest victim is
+//   (str.in_re "aP" (re.++ (re.* "a") "P"))
+// which used to return false because the derivative wrt 'a' was cached and
+// re-used as the derivative wrt 'P'.
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_regex_bisim.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+static void test_a_star_neq_ab_star() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    seq_util u(m);
+    seq_rewriter rw(m);
+
+    sort_ref str_sort(u.str.mk_string_sort(), m);
+
+    zstring sa("a"), sb("b");
+    expr_ref re_a(u.re.mk_to_re(u.str.mk_string(sa)), m);
+    expr_ref re_b(u.re.mk_to_re(u.str.mk_string(sb)), m);
+    expr_ref a_star(u.re.mk_star(re_a), m);
+    expr_ref ab(u.re.mk_union(re_a, re_b), m);
+    expr_ref ab_star(u.re.mk_star(ab), m);
+
+    expr_ref d_ab = rw.mk_brz_derivative(ab);
+    std::cout << "D(a|b) = " << mk_pp(d_ab, m) << "\n";
+
+    // Both the 'a' branch and the 'b' branch of D(a|b) must reach epsilon.
+    // Collect the regex leaves of the symbolic derivative and require at
+    // least two distinct accepting leaves (one for 'a' and one for 'b').
+    expr_ref_vector leaves(m);
+    auto collect = [&](expr* e, auto&& self) -> void {
+        expr* c, *t, *f;
+        if (m.is_ite(e, c, t, f) || u.re.is_union(e, t, f)) {
+            self(t, self);
+            self(f, self);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (u.re.is_empty(e)) return;
+        leaves.push_back(e);
+    };
+    collect(d_ab, collect);
+    unsigned nullable_leaves = 0;
+    for (expr* l : leaves) {
+        expr_ref n = rw.is_nullable(l);
+        if (m.is_true(n)) ++nullable_leaves;
+    }
+    std::cout << "D(a|b) leaves=" << leaves.size()
+              << " nullable=" << nullable_leaves << "\n";
+    ENSURE(nullable_leaves >= 2);
+
+    // Bisim must report the two languages are not equivalent.
+    seq::regex_bisim bisim(rw);
+    lbool eq = bisim.are_equivalent(a_star, ab_star);
+    std::cout << "bisim(a*, (a|b)*) = "
+              << (eq == l_true ? "true" : eq == l_false ? "false" : "undef") << "\n";
+    ENSURE(eq == l_false);
+}
+
+// Regression for the derive top-level-cache poisoning bug.
+// Take r = (re.* "a") ++ "P" and check str.in_re "aP" r.  Before the fix
+// the first per-char derivative call (wrt 'a') populated m_top_cache with
+// 'a' baked into the symbolic ITE-tree, so the next call (wrt 'P') returned
+// that stale cached value instead of computing D_P(r) = epsilon, making
+// str.in_re wrongly return false.
+static void test_derive_cache_per_ele() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    seq_util u(m);
+    seq_rewriter rw(m);
+
+    sort_ref str_sort(u.str.mk_string_sort(), m);
+
+    zstring sa("a"), sP("P"), s_aP("aP");
+    expr_ref re_a(u.re.mk_to_re(u.str.mk_string(sa)), m);
+    expr_ref re_P(u.re.mk_to_re(u.str.mk_string(sP)), m);
+    expr_ref a_star(u.re.mk_star(re_a), m);
+    expr_ref r(u.re.mk_concat(a_star, re_P), m);
+    expr_ref aP(u.str.mk_string(s_aP), m);
+
+    // Compute D_'a'(a*P) and D_'P'(a*P) directly via mk_derivative.
+    // Before the fix, m_top_cache was populated while m_ele = ele (the
+    // concrete char), so the second call hit the stale cached answer from
+    // the first.  After the fix the cache is keyed by a symbolic var, so
+    // each concrete-ele substitution produces the right answer.
+    expr_ref ch_a(u.mk_char('a'), m);
+    expr_ref ch_P(u.mk_char('P'), m);
+    expr_ref d_a = rw.mk_derivative(ch_a, r);
+    expr_ref d_P = rw.mk_derivative(ch_P, r);
+    std::cout << "D_a(a*P) = " << mk_pp(d_a, m) << "\n";
+    std::cout << "D_P(a*P) = " << mk_pp(d_P, m) << "\n";
+
+    // D_P(a*P) must be nullable (it accepts the empty suffix), while
+    // D_a(a*P) must not be (it still needs a trailing 'P').
+    expr_ref n_a = rw.is_nullable(d_a);
+    expr_ref n_P = rw.is_nullable(d_P);
+    th_rewriter trw(m);
+    trw(n_a);
+    trw(n_P);
+    std::cout << "nullable(D_a) = " << mk_pp(n_a, m) << "\n";
+    std::cout << "nullable(D_P) = " << mk_pp(n_P, m) << "\n";
+    ENSURE(m.is_false(n_a));
+    ENSURE(m.is_true(n_P));
+}
+
+void tst_seq_regex_bisim() {
+    test_a_star_neq_ab_star();
+    test_derive_cache_per_ele();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/seq_rewriter.cpp b/src/test/seq_rewriter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64adcfd107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/seq_rewriter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2024 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Regression tests for seq_rewriter smart constructors for regex ranges.
+
+Tests:
+  1. Empty range (lo > hi) → re.none
+  2. Singleton range (lo == hi) → str.to_re lo
+  3. Range ∩ Range → reduced range or re.none
+  4. Range ∪ Range → merged range for overlapping/adjacent
+  5. Complement of range → one or two ranges
+  6. Downstream operators absorb empty ranges correctly
+ 15. Symbolic-bound range membership rewrite (structural)
+ 16. Symbolic-bound range membership: concrete element, symbolic bounds (structural)
+ 17. Solver: (str.in_re x (re.range x x)) sat when len(x)=1
+ 18. Solver: (str.in_re x (re.range x x)) unsat when len(x)=2
+ 19. Solver: inverted symbolic bounds make membership unsatisfiable
+ 20. Solver: contradictory constant lexical bounds are unsatisfiable
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "api/z3.h"
+#include "smt/smt_context.h"
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+// Build a single-char string literal expression.
+static expr_ref mk_str(ast_manager& m, seq_util& su, unsigned c) {
+    return expr_ref(su.str.mk_string(zstring(c)), m);
+}
+
+static void test_seq_foldl_nth_model_validation() {
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(nullptr);
+    char const* result =
+        Z3_eval_smtlib2_string(ctx,
+            "(set-option :model_validate true)\n"
+            "(declare-const initial Int)\n"
+            "(declare-const all (Seq Int))\n"
+            "(declare-const final Int)\n"
+            "(declare-const elements (Seq Int))\n"
+            "(define-fun all_sums ((prev_sums (Seq Int)) (elem Int)) (Seq Int)\n"
+            "  (seq.++ (seq.unit (+ (seq.nth prev_sums 0) elem)) prev_sums))\n"
+            "(assert (= all (seq.foldl all_sums (seq.unit initial) elements)))\n"
+            "(assert (= final (seq.nth all 0)))\n"
+            "(assert (= initial 0))\n"
+            "(assert (= final 6))\n"
+            "(check-sat)\n"
+            "(get-model)\n");
+    ENSURE(std::strstr(result, "sat") != nullptr);
+    ENSURE(std::strstr(result, "invalid model") == nullptr);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+static void test_seq_foldl_foldli_scalar_model_validation() {
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(nullptr);
+    char const* result =
+        Z3_eval_smtlib2_string(ctx,
+            "(set-option :model_validate true)\n"
+            "(push)\n"
+            "(declare-fun f (Int Int) Int)\n"
+            "(declare-const il (Seq Int))\n"
+            "(assert (= (seq.foldl f 0 il) 5))\n"
+            "(check-sat)\n"
+            "(pop)\n"
+            "(push)\n"
+            "(declare-const il (Seq Int))\n"
+            "(declare-const F (Array Bool Int Bool))\n"
+            "(assert (= (seq.foldl F true il) true))\n"
+            "(assert (> (seq.len il) 0))\n"
+            "(assert (not (= F ((as const (Array Bool Int Bool)) true))))\n"
+            "(check-sat)\n"
+            "(pop)\n"
+            "(push)\n"
+            "(declare-fun f (Int Int Int) Int)\n"
+            "(declare-const il (Seq Int))\n"
+            "(assert (= (seq.foldli f 0 0 il) 5))\n"
+            "(check-sat)\n"
+            "(pop)\n"
+            "(push)\n"
+            "(declare-const il (Seq Int))\n"
+            "(declare-const F (Array Int Bool Int Bool))\n"
+            "(assert (= (seq.foldli F 5 true il) true))\n"
+            "(assert (> (seq.len il) 0))\n"
+            "(assert (not (= F ((as const (Array Int Bool Int Bool)) true))))\n"
+            "(check-sat)\n"
+            "(pop)\n");
+    ENSURE(std::strstr(result, "unknown") == nullptr);
+    ENSURE(std::strstr(result, "invalid model") == nullptr);
+    unsigned sat_count = 0;
+    std::istringstream in{std::string(result)};
+    for (std::string line; std::getline(in, line);)
+        if (line == "sat")
+            ++sat_count;
+    ENSURE(sat_count == 4);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+void tst_seq_rewriter() {
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    th_rewriter rw(m);
+    seq_util su(m);
+
+    sort* str_sort = su.str.mk_string_sort();
+    sort* re_sort  = su.re.mk_re(str_sort);
+
+    auto range = [&](unsigned lo, unsigned hi) -> expr_ref {
+        return expr_ref(su.re.mk_range(mk_str(m, su, lo), mk_str(m, su, hi)), m);
+    };
+
+    // Arbitrary regex variable for downstream tests.
+    app_ref R(m.mk_fresh_const("R", re_sort), m);
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 1. Empty range (lo > hi) → re.none
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e = range('z', 'a');
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "empty range lo>hi: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_empty(e));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 2. Singleton range (lo == hi) → str.to_re lo
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e = range('a', 'a');
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "singleton range: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        expr* inner = nullptr;
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_to_re(e, inner));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 3. Range intersection: overlapping → smaller range
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_inter(range('a', 'z'), range('f', 'k')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "range inter overlapping: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_range(e, lo, hi) && lo == 'f' && hi == 'k');
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 4. Range intersection: disjoint → re.none
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_inter(range('a', 'f'), range('k', 'z')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "range inter disjoint: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_empty(e));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 5. Range intersection: touching at boundary → singleton (str.to_re "f")
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_inter(range('a', 'f'), range('f', 'z')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "range inter touching: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        expr* inner = nullptr;
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_to_re(e, inner));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 6. Range union: overlapping → merged range
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_union(range('a', 'f'), range('e', 'k')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "range union overlapping: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_range(e, lo, hi) && lo == 'a' && hi == 'k');
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 7. Range union: adjacent → merged range
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_union(range('a', 'f'), range('g', 'k')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "range union adjacent: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        unsigned lo = 0, hi = 0;
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_range(e, lo, hi) && lo == 'a' && hi == 'k');
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 8. Range union: disjoint → stays as union
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_union(range('a', 'c'), range('m', 'z')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "range union disjoint (stays as union): " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        ENSURE(!su.re.is_range(e));
+    }
+
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 11. Downstream: (re.* (re.range "z" "a")) → str.to_re ""
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_star(range('z', 'a')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "star of empty range: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        expr* inner = nullptr;
+        // star of empty → epsilon (str.to_re "")
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_to_re(e, inner) && su.str.is_empty(inner));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 12. Downstream: concat absorbs empty range → re.none
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_concat(R, su.re.mk_concat(range('z', 'a'), R)), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "concat absorbs empty range: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_empty(e));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 13. Downstream: union absorbs empty range → R
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_union(R, range('z', 'a')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "union absorbs empty range: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        ENSURE(e.get() == R.get());
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 14. Downstream: inter absorbs empty range → re.none
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_inter(R, range('z', 'a')), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "inter absorbs empty range: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        ENSURE(su.re.is_empty(e));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 15. Symbolic-bound range membership rewrite (structural).
+    //     (str.in_re x (re.range x x)) with symbolic x should be unfolded
+    //     by the rewriter into a conjunction of length and ordering
+    //     constraints, not left stuck as an uninterpreted membership term.
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        app_ref x(m.mk_fresh_const("x", str_sort), m);
+        expr_ref rng(su.re.mk_range(x, x), m);
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_in_re(x, rng), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "symbolic range (x in [x,x]): " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        ENSURE(m.is_and(e));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // 16. Symbolic-bound range membership: concrete element, symbolic bounds.
+    //     (str.in_re "b" (re.range lo hi)) should also be unfolded to a
+    //     conjunction when lo/hi are free variables.
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        app_ref lo(m.mk_fresh_const("lo", str_sort), m);
+        app_ref hi(m.mk_fresh_const("hi", str_sort), m);
+        expr_ref b_str(su.str.mk_string(zstring('b')), m);
+        expr_ref rng(su.re.mk_range(lo, hi), m);
+        expr_ref e(su.re.mk_in_re(b_str, rng), m);
+        rw(e);
+        std::cout << "symbolic range (\"b\" in [lo,hi]): " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        ENSURE(m.is_and(e));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Solver-level tests: the unfolded conjunction must be decidable.
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    {
+        arith_util a_util(m);
+
+        // 17. sat: (str.in_re x (re.range x x)) ∧ len(x)=1
+        {
+            smt_params sp;
+            smt::context ctx(m, sp);
+            app_ref x(m.mk_fresh_const("x", str_sort), m);
+            ctx.assert_expr(su.re.mk_in_re(x, su.re.mk_range(x, x)));
+            ctx.assert_expr(m.mk_eq(su.str.mk_length(x), a_util.mk_int(1)));
+            lbool res = ctx.check();
+            std::cout << "symbolic range solver sat (len=1): " << res << "\n";
+            ENSURE(res == l_true);
+        }
+
+        // 18. unsat: (str.in_re x (re.range x x)) ∧ len(x)=2
+        //     The unfolded membership requires len(x)=1, which contradicts len(x)=2.
+        {
+            smt_params sp;
+            smt::context ctx(m, sp);
+            app_ref x(m.mk_fresh_const("x", str_sort), m);
+            ctx.assert_expr(su.re.mk_in_re(x, su.re.mk_range(x, x)));
+            ctx.assert_expr(m.mk_eq(su.str.mk_length(x), a_util.mk_int(2)));
+            lbool res = ctx.check();
+            std::cout << "symbolic range solver unsat (len=2): " << res << "\n";
+            ENSURE(res == l_false);
+        }
+
+        // 19. unsat: inverted symbolic bounds make membership false.
+        //     (str.in_re "b" (re.range lo hi)) ∧ lo="z" ∧ hi="a"
+        //     The unfolded conjunction requires lo <=_lex "b" <=_lex hi, but
+        //     "z" > "b" > "a" so the ordering constraints are unsatisfiable.
+        {
+            smt_params sp;
+            smt::context ctx(m, sp);
+            app_ref lo(m.mk_fresh_const("lo", str_sort), m);
+            app_ref hi(m.mk_fresh_const("hi", str_sort), m);
+            expr_ref b_str(su.str.mk_string(zstring('b')), m);
+            ctx.assert_expr(su.re.mk_in_re(b_str, su.re.mk_range(lo, hi)));
+            ctx.assert_expr(m.mk_eq(lo, su.str.mk_string(zstring('z'))));
+            ctx.assert_expr(m.mk_eq(hi, su.str.mk_string(zstring('a'))));
+            lbool res = ctx.check();
+            std::cout << "symbolic range solver inverted bounds unsat: " << res << "\n";
+            ENSURE(res == l_false);
+        }
+
+        // 20. unsat: contradictory constant lexical bounds.
+        //     "2024-01-01" < x < "2024-12-31" and x < "2023-01-01".
+        //     Since "2023-01-01" < "2024-01-01", no such x exists.
+        {
+            smt_params sp;
+            smt::context ctx(m, sp);
+            app_ref x(m.mk_fresh_const("x", str_sort), m);
+            expr_ref b1(su.str.mk_string("2024-01-01"), m);
+            expr_ref b2(su.str.mk_string("2024-12-31"), m);
+            expr_ref b3(su.str.mk_string("2023-01-01"), m);
+            ctx.assert_expr(su.str.mk_lex_lt(b1, x));
+            ctx.assert_expr(su.str.mk_lex_lt(x, b2));
+            ctx.assert_expr(su.str.mk_lex_lt(x, b3));
+            lbool res = ctx.check();
+            std::cout << "constant lexical bounds unsat: " << res << "\n";
+            ENSURE(res == l_false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    test_seq_foldl_nth_model_validation();
+    test_seq_foldl_foldli_scalar_model_validation();
+
+    std::cout << "tst_seq_rewriter: all tests passed\n";
+}
diff --git a/src/test/seq_split.cpp b/src/test/seq_split.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29df0545c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/seq_split.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seq_split.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Unit tests for the regex split engine (the split function sigma) in ast/rewriter/seq_split.cpp.
+
+Author:
+
+    Clemens Eisenhofer 2026-6-22
+
+--*/
+
+#include "ast/ast.h"
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/seq_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_rewriter.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/seq_split.h"
+#include <set>
+#include <utility>
+
+
+struct plugin_registrar {
+    plugin_registrar(ast_manager& m) { reg_decl_plugins(m); }
+};
+
+class seq_split_test {
+    ast_manager     m;
+    plugin_registrar m_reg;
+    seq_rewriter    m_rw;
+    seq_split       m_split;
+    seq_util        u;
+    sort_ref        m_str;   // the sequence (String) sort
+    sort_ref        m_re;    // the RegEx sort over m_str
+
+    seq_util::rex& re() { return u.re; }
+
+    expr_ref eps()        { return expr_ref(re().mk_epsilon(m_str), m); }   // mk_epsilon takes the seq sort
+    expr_ref dot()        { return expr_ref(re().mk_full_char(m_re), m); }  // mk_full_char takes the RegEx sort
+    expr_ref dotstar()    { return expr_ref(re().mk_full_seq(m_re), m); }   // .*
+    expr_ref empty_re()   { return expr_ref(re().mk_empty(m_re), m); }      // the bottom regex
+    expr_ref rappend(expr* a, expr* b) { return m_rw.mk_re_append(a, b); }  // the engine's regex concat
+    expr_ref word(char const* s) { return expr_ref(re().mk_to_re(u.str.mk_string(zstring(s))), m); }
+    expr_ref rng(char lo, char hi) {
+        return expr_ref(re().mk_range(u.str.mk_string(zstring(std::string(1, lo).c_str())),
+                                      u.str.mk_string(zstring(std::string(1, hi).c_str()))), m);
+    }
+
+    typedef std::set<std::pair<expr*, expr*>> pair_set;
+
+    pair_set as_set(split_set const& s) {
+        pair_set out;
+        for (auto const& p : s)
+            out.insert({ p.m_d.get(), p.m_n.get() });
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    bool eager(expr* r, split_set& out, unsigned threshold = UINT_MAX,
+               split_mode mode = split_mode::strong, split_oracle const& oracle = {}) {
+        return m_split.compute(r, out, threshold, mode, oracle);
+    }
+
+    bool lazy(expr* r, split_set& out, unsigned threshold = UINT_MAX,
+              split_mode mode = split_mode::strong, split_oracle const& oracle = {}) {
+        expr_ref node = m_split.make(r);
+        ENSURE(node);
+        seq_split::iterator it = m_split.iterate(node, mode, threshold, oracle);
+        expr_ref d(m), n(m);
+        while (it.next(d, n))
+            out.push_back(split_pair(d, n, m));
+        return !it.gave_up();
+    }
+
+    // assert that the eager and lazy engines agree on sigma(r) as a *set* of
+    // splits, and report the common cardinality.
+    unsigned check_agree(expr* r) {
+        split_set se, sl;
+        bool oke = eager(r, se);
+        bool okl = lazy(r, sl);
+        ENSURE(oke == okl);
+        if (!oke)
+            return 0;
+        ENSURE(as_set(se) == as_set(sl));
+        return (unsigned)as_set(se).size();
+    }
+
+public:
+    seq_split_test() : m_reg(m), m_rw(m), m_split(m_rw), u(m), m_str(m), m_re(m) {
+        m_str = u.str.mk_string_sort();
+        m_re  = re().mk_re(m_str);
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_epsilon() {
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(eps(), s));
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == pair_set({ { eps().get(), eps().get() } }));
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_char() {
+        // sigma(.) = { <eps, .>, <., eps> }
+        expr_ref a = dot();
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(a, s));
+        pair_set expected({ { eps().get(), a.get() }, { a.get(), eps().get() } });
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == expected);
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_word() {
+        // sigma("ab") = { <"", "ab">, <"a","b">, <"ab",""> }
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(word("ab"), s));
+        pair_set expected({
+            { word("").get(),  word("ab").get() },
+            { word("a").get(), word("b").get()  },
+            { word("ab").get(), word("").get()  },
+        });
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == expected);
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_union() {
+        // sigma(a | b) = sigma(a) cup sigma(b)
+        expr_ref a = rng('a', 'a'), b = rng('b', 'b');
+        expr_ref u_re(re().mk_union(a, b), m);
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(u_re, s));
+        pair_set expected({
+            { eps().get(), a.get() }, { a.get(), eps().get() },
+            { eps().get(), b.get() }, { b.get(), eps().get() },
+        });
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == expected);
+    }
+
+    void test_agree_all() {
+        expr_ref a = rng('a', 'a'), b = rng('b', 'b');
+        expr_ref star(re().mk_star(a), m);
+        expr_ref plus(re().mk_plus(a), m);
+        expr_ref concat(re().mk_concat(a, b), m);
+        expr_ref uni(re().mk_union(a, b), m);
+        expr_ref inter(re().mk_inter(re().mk_star(a), re().mk_star(b)), m);
+        expr_ref compl_(re().mk_complement(re().mk_star(a)), m);
+        expr_ref diff(re().mk_diff(re().mk_star(a), re().mk_star(b)), m);
+
+        ENSURE(check_agree(eps())  == 1);
+        ENSURE(check_agree(a)      == 2);
+        ENSURE(check_agree(word("ab")) == 3);
+        ENSURE(check_agree(uni)    == 4);
+        ENSURE(check_agree(star)   == 3);   // { <eps,eps>, <a*, a.a*>, <a*.a, a*> }
+        (void)check_agree(plus);
+        (void)check_agree(concat);
+        (void)check_agree(inter);            // strong-mode intersection
+        (void)check_agree(compl_);           // strong-mode De Morgan complement
+        (void)check_agree(diff);
+    }
+
+    void test_lazy_early_stop() {
+        // a* has 3 splits; pull just the first one and then stop.  (Note .* is the
+        // full_seq special case with a single split, so use a proper char-class body.)
+        expr_ref star(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), m);
+        expr_ref node = m_split.make(star);
+        ENSURE(node);
+        seq_split::iterator it = m_split.iterate(node, split_mode::strong, UINT_MAX, {});
+        expr_ref d(m), n(m);
+        unsigned seen = 0;
+        if (it.next(d, n))       // pull exactly one split, then walk away
+            ++seen;
+        ENSURE(!it.gave_up());   // stopping early is not a give-up
+        ENSURE(seen == 1);
+    }
+
+    void test_threshold_giveup() {
+        expr_ref star(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), m);   // 3 splits
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(!lazy(star, s, /*threshold*/ 1));
+        // the eager wrapper honours the same cap
+        split_set s2;
+        ENSURE(!eager(star, s2, /*threshold*/ 1));
+    }
+
+    void test_weak_vs_strong() {
+        expr_ref inter(re().mk_inter(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), re().mk_star(rng('b', 'b'))), m);
+        expr_ref compl_(re().mk_complement(re().mk_star(dot())), m);
+
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(!eager(inter, s, UINT_MAX, split_mode::weak));
+        s.reset();
+        ENSURE(!lazy(inter, s, UINT_MAX, split_mode::weak));
+        s.reset();
+        ENSURE(!eager(compl_, s, UINT_MAX, split_mode::weak));
+        s.reset();
+        ENSURE(!lazy(compl_, s, UINT_MAX, split_mode::weak));
+
+        // strong mode succeeds for both
+        s.reset();
+        ENSURE(eager(inter, s, UINT_MAX, split_mode::strong));
+        s.reset();
+        ENSURE(eager(compl_, s, UINT_MAX, split_mode::strong));
+    }
+
+    void test_make_non_regex() {
+        expr_ref not_a_regex(u.str.mk_string(zstring("a")), m);   // String, not RegEx
+        expr_ref node = m_split.make(not_a_regex);
+        ENSURE(!node);
+    }
+
+    void test_oracle_prunes() {
+        // sigma(.) without an oracle = { <eps,.>, <.,eps> }; an oracle that keeps
+        // only splits whose suffix is epsilon must drop one of the two.
+        expr_ref a = dot();
+        expr_ref e = eps();
+        split_oracle keep_eps_suffix = [&](expr*, expr* n) { return n == e.get(); };
+
+        split_set se, sl;
+        ENSURE(eager(a, se, UINT_MAX, split_mode::strong, keep_eps_suffix));
+        ENSURE(lazy(a, sl, UINT_MAX, split_mode::strong, keep_eps_suffix));
+        pair_set expected({ { a.get(), e.get() } });
+        ENSURE(as_set(se) == expected);
+        ENSURE(as_set(sl) == expected);
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_full_seq() {
+        // sigma(.*) = { <.*, .*> }
+        expr_ref ds = dotstar();
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(ds, s));
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == pair_set({ { ds.get(), ds.get() } }));
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_bottom() {
+        // sigma(empty) = {}
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(empty_re(), s));
+        ENSURE(s.empty());
+
+        split_set sl;
+        ENSURE(lazy(empty_re(), sl));
+        ENSURE(sl.empty());
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_empty_word() {
+        // sigma(to_re("")) = { <"", ""> }  (a single, trivial split)
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(word(""), s));
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == pair_set({ { word("").get(), word("").get() } }));
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_star_content() {
+        // sigma(a*) = { <eps,eps>, <a*.eps, a.a*>, <a*.a, eps.a*> }
+        expr_ref a = rng('a', 'a');
+        expr_ref as(re().mk_star(a), m);
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(as, s));
+        pair_set expected({
+            { eps().get(), eps().get() },
+            { rappend(as, eps()).get(), rappend(a, as).get() },
+            { rappend(as, a).get(),     rappend(eps(), as).get() },
+        });
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == expected);
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_plus_content() {
+        // sigma(a+) = a*.sigma(a).a*  (the star rule without <eps,eps>)
+        expr_ref a = rng('a', 'a');
+        expr_ref as(re().mk_star(a), m);
+        expr_ref ap(re().mk_plus(a), m);
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(ap, s));
+        pair_set expected({
+            { rappend(as, eps()).get(), rappend(a, as).get() },
+            { rappend(as, a).get(),     rappend(eps(), as).get() },
+        });
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == expected);
+    }
+
+    void test_eager_concat_content() {
+        // sigma(a.b) = sigma(a).b cup a.sigma(b)
+        expr_ref a = rng('a', 'a'), b = rng('b', 'b');
+        expr_ref ab(re().mk_concat(a, b), m);
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(ab, s));
+        pair_set expected({
+            { eps().get(),           rappend(a, b).get()   },   // <eps, a.b>
+            { a.get(),               rappend(eps(), b).get() }, // <a, eps.b>
+            { rappend(a, eps()).get(), b.get()             },   // <a.eps, b>
+            { rappend(a, b).get(),   eps().get()           },   // <a.b, eps>
+        });
+        ENSURE(as_set(s) == expected);
+    }
+
+    void test_nary_union() {
+        // sigma(a|b|c) has 2 splits per char-class
+        expr_ref a = rng('a', 'a'), b = rng('b', 'b'), c = rng('c', 'c');
+        expr_ref u3(re().mk_union(a, re().mk_union(b, c)), m);
+        ENSURE(check_agree(u3) == 6);
+    }
+
+    void test_nary_concat() {
+        // sigma(a.b.c)
+        expr_ref a = rng('a', 'a'), b = rng('b', 'b'), c = rng('c', 'c');
+        expr_ref c3(re().mk_concat(a, re().mk_concat(b, c)), m);
+        ENSURE(check_agree(c3) >= 4);
+    }
+
+    void test_nested_complement() {
+        // sigma(~~(a*))
+        expr_ref cc(re().mk_complement(re().mk_complement(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')))), m);
+        (void)check_agree(cc);
+    }
+
+    void test_determinism() {
+        expr_ref r(re().mk_concat(rng('a', 'a'), re().mk_star(rng('b', 'b'))), m);
+        split_set s1, s2;
+        ENSURE(lazy(r, s1));
+        ENSURE(lazy(r, s2));
+        ENSURE(as_set(s1) == as_set(s2));
+    }
+
+    void test_threshold_boundary() {
+        expr_ref as(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), m);   // exactly 3 splits
+        split_set s;
+        ENSURE(eager(as, s));
+        unsigned k = (unsigned)as_set(s).size();
+        ENSURE(k == 3);
+
+        split_set ok_e, ok_l, bad_e, bad_l;
+        ENSURE(eager(as, ok_e, k));
+        ENSURE(lazy(as, ok_l, k));
+        ENSURE(!eager(as, bad_e, k - 1));   // one below threshold; give up
+        ENSURE(!lazy(as, bad_l, k - 1));
+    }
+
+    void test_early_stop_after_two() {
+        expr_ref as(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), m);   // 3 splits
+        expr_ref node = m_split.make(as);
+        ENSURE(node);
+        seq_split::iterator it = m_split.iterate(node, split_mode::strong, UINT_MAX, {});
+        expr_ref d(m), n(m);
+        unsigned seen = 0;
+        while (seen < 2 && it.next(d, n))   // pull two splits on demand, then stop
+            ++seen;
+        ENSURE(!it.gave_up());
+        ENSURE(seen == 2);
+    }
+
+    void test_iterator_exhaustion() {
+        // Pull every split on demand; gave_up() must stay false on a clean
+        // exhaustion, and next() must keep returning false once drained.
+        expr_ref as(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), m);   // 3 splits
+        expr_ref node = m_split.make(as);
+        ENSURE(node);
+        seq_split::iterator it = m_split.iterate(node, split_mode::strong, UINT_MAX, {});
+        expr_ref d(m), n(m);
+        unsigned seen = 0;
+        while (it.next(d, n))
+            ++seen;
+        ENSURE(seen == 3);
+        ENSURE(!it.gave_up());
+        // idempotent past the end
+        ENSURE(!it.next(d, n));
+        ENSURE(!it.gave_up());
+    }
+
+    void test_iterator_giveup() {
+        // A threshold overrun aborts: next() returns false and gave_up() is true.
+        expr_ref as(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), m);   // 3 splits, cap at 1
+        expr_ref node = m_split.make(as);
+        ENSURE(node);
+        seq_split::iterator it = m_split.iterate(node, split_mode::strong, /*threshold*/ 1, {});
+        expr_ref d(m), n(m);
+        unsigned seen = 0;
+        while (it.next(d, n))
+            ++seen;
+        ENSURE(it.gave_up());            // aborted, not a clean exhaustion
+        ENSURE(seen <= 1);               // produced at most the capped number
+
+        // A weak-mode Boolean closure is likewise a give-up.
+        expr_ref inter(re().mk_inter(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), re().mk_star(rng('b', 'b'))), m);
+        expr_ref inode = m_split.make(inter);
+        ENSURE(inode);
+        seq_split::iterator wit = m_split.iterate(inode, split_mode::weak, UINT_MAX, {});
+        ENSURE(!wit.next(d, n));
+        ENSURE(wit.gave_up());
+    }
+
+    void test_simplify() {
+        expr_ref regs[] = {
+            expr_ref(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), m),
+            expr_ref(re().mk_complement(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a'))), m),
+            expr_ref(re().mk_concat(rng('a', 'a'), rng('b', 'b')), m),
+        };
+        for (auto& r : regs) {
+            split_set s;
+            ENSURE(eager(r, s));
+            unsigned before = (unsigned)s.size();
+            m_split.simplify(s);
+            ENSURE(s.size() <= before);
+            ENSURE(!s.empty());
+            // idempotent
+            split_set s2(s);
+            m_split.simplify(s2);
+            ENSURE(as_set(s) == as_set(s2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void test_trivial_oracle() {
+        expr_ref r(re().mk_star(rng('a', 'a')), m);
+        split_oracle keep_all = [](expr*, expr*) { return true; };
+        split_set s_no, s_yes;
+        ENSURE(eager(r, s_no));
+        ENSURE(eager(r, s_yes, UINT_MAX, split_mode::strong, keep_all));
+        ENSURE(as_set(s_no) == as_set(s_yes));
+    }
+
+    void run() {
+        test_eager_epsilon();
+        test_eager_char();
+        test_eager_word();
+        test_eager_union();
+        test_agree_all();
+        test_lazy_early_stop();
+        test_threshold_giveup();
+        test_weak_vs_strong();
+        test_make_non_regex();
+        test_oracle_prunes();
+        test_eager_full_seq();
+        test_eager_bottom();
+        test_eager_empty_word();
+        test_eager_star_content();
+        test_eager_plus_content();
+        test_eager_concat_content();
+        test_nary_union();
+        test_nary_concat();
+        test_nested_complement();
+        test_determinism();
+        test_threshold_boundary();
+        test_early_stop_after_two();
+        test_iterator_exhaustion();
+        test_iterator_giveup();
+        test_simplify();
+        test_trivial_oracle();
+    }
+};
+
+void tst_seq_split() {
+    seq_split_test t;
+    t.run();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/simplifier.cpp b/src/test/simplifier.cpp
index f3a5ba8b2a..3b2abf7b25 100644
--- a/src/test/simplifier.cpp
+++ b/src/test/simplifier.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation
 
 #include "api/z3.h"
 #include "api/z3_private.h"
+#include <cstring>
 #include <iostream>
 #include "util/util.h"
 #include "util/trace.h"
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ static void test_skolemize_bug() {
     Z3_ast f3 = Z3_simplify(ctx, f2);
     std::cout << Z3_ast_to_string(ctx, f3) << "\n";
 
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
 }
 
 
@@ -210,6 +212,26 @@ static void test_array() {
     Z3_del_context(ctx);
 }
 
+static void test_sat_smt_ufbv_predicate_model_validation() {
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(nullptr);
+    const char* result =
+        Z3_eval_smtlib2_string(ctx,
+            "(set-logic QF_UFBV)\n"
+            "(set-option :sat.smt true)\n"
+            "(set-option :model_validate true)\n"
+            "(declare-fun p ((_ BitVec 4)) Bool)\n"
+            "(declare-const x (_ BitVec 4))\n"
+            "(declare-const y (_ BitVec 4))\n"
+            "(assert (xor (p x) (p y)))\n"
+            "(assert (bvuge x (_ bv1 4)))\n"
+            "(assert (bvult y (_ bv1 4)))\n"
+            "(check-sat)\n"
+            "(get-model)\n");
+    ENSURE(std::strstr(result, "sat") != nullptr);
+    ENSURE(std::strstr(result, "invalid model") == nullptr);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
 void tst_simplifier() {
 
     test_array();
@@ -217,4 +239,5 @@ void tst_simplifier() {
     test_datatypes();
     test_bool();
     test_skolemize_bug();
+    test_sat_smt_ufbv_predicate_model_validation();
 }
diff --git a/src/test/sls_seq_plugin.cpp b/src/test/sls_seq_plugin.cpp
index b7a23a5963..117e5bacee 100644
--- a/src/test/sls_seq_plugin.cpp
+++ b/src/test/sls_seq_plugin.cpp
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ struct test_seq {
     ptr_vector<expr> const& lhs(expr* eq) {
         auto& ev = get_eval(eq);
         if (ev.lhs.empty()) {
-            expr* x, * y;
+            expr* x = nullptr, * y = nullptr;
             VERIFY(m.is_eq(eq, x, y));
             seq.str.get_concat(x, ev.lhs);
             seq.str.get_concat(y, ev.rhs);
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ struct test_seq {
     }
 
     zstring& strval0(expr* e) {
-        SASSERT(seq.is_string(e->get_sort()));
+        ENSURE(seq.is_string(e->get_sort()));
         return get_eval(e).val0.svalue;
     }
 
@@ -351,4 +351,28 @@ void tst_sls_seq_plugin() {
     app_ref eq(m.mk_eq(l, r), m);
     verbose_stream() << eq << "\n";
     ts.repair_down_str_eq_edit_distance_incremental(eq);
+
+    test_seq::string_instance lhs, rhs;
+    lhs.s = zstring("a");
+    lhs.is_value.push_back(false);
+    lhs.prev_is_var.push_back(false);
+    lhs.next_is_var.push_back(false);
+    rhs.s = zstring("ab");
+    rhs.is_value.push_back(true);
+    rhs.prev_is_var.push_back(false);
+    rhs.next_is_var.push_back(false);
+    rhs.is_value.push_back(false);
+    rhs.prev_is_var.push_back(false);
+    rhs.next_is_var.push_back(false);
+
+    ENSURE(ts.edit_distance_with_updates(lhs, rhs) == 0);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates.size() == 2);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates[0].side == test_seq::side_t::right);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates[0].op == test_seq::op_t::add);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates[0].i == 0);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates[0].j == 1);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates[1].side == test_seq::side_t::right);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates[1].op == test_seq::op_t::del);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates[1].i == 1);
+    ENSURE(ts.m_string_updates[1].j == 0);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/sls_test.cpp b/src/test/sls_test.cpp
index 2ca2948d52..293372052f 100644
--- a/src/test/sls_test.cpp
+++ b/src/test/sls_test.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace bv {
                     verbose_stream() << mk_pp(e, m) << " computed value " << val << "\n";
                     verbose_stream() << "should be " << n2 << "\n";
                 }
-                SASSERT(n1 == n2);
+                ENSURE(n1 == n2);
                 VERIFY(n1 == n2);
             }
             else if (m.is_bool(e)) {
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ namespace bv {
                     verbose_stream() << mk_pp(e, m) << " computed value " << val1 
                         << " at odds with definition " << val2 << "\n";
                 }
-                SASSERT(val1 == val2);
+                ENSURE(val1 == val2);
                 VERIFY(val1 == val2);
             }
         }
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ namespace bv {
             ev.init();
 
             if (m.is_bool(e1)) {
-                SASSERT(m.is_true(r) || m.is_false(r));
+                ENSURE(m.is_true(r) || m.is_false(r));
                 auto val = m.is_true(r);
                 auto val2 = ev.bval1(to_app(e2));
                 if (val != val2) {
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ namespace bv {
                         ev.display(std::cout);
                         exit(0);
                     }
-                    //SASSERT(rep1);
+                    //ENSURE(rep1);
                 }
             }
             if (bv.is_bv(e1)) {
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ namespace bv {
                     if (!val3.eq(val1)) {
                         verbose_stream() << "Repaired but not corrected " << mk_pp(e2, m) << "\n";
                     }
-                    //SASSERT(rep2);
+                    //ENSURE(rep2);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ namespace bv {
 }
 
 
-static void test_eval1() {
+[[maybe_unused]] static void test_eval1() {
     ast_manager m;
     reg_decl_plugins(m);
     bv_util bv(m);
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ static void test_eval1() {
     }
 }
 
-static void test_repair1() {
+[[maybe_unused]] static void test_repair1() {
     ast_manager m;
     reg_decl_plugins(m);
     bv_util bv(m);
diff --git a/src/test/smt2print_parse.cpp b/src/test/smt2print_parse.cpp
index 76b169a4ae..83920cabd8 100644
--- a/src/test/smt2print_parse.cpp
+++ b/src/test/smt2print_parse.cpp
@@ -160,6 +160,39 @@ void test_repeated_eval() {
     Z3_del_context(ctx);
 }
 
+void test_ho_curried_application() {
+    char const* spec =
+        "(set-logic HO_ALL)\n"
+        "(declare-fun transfer () (-> (-> Int Bool) (-> Int Bool)))\n"
+        "(assert (forall ((P (-> Int Bool))) (=> (P 0) ((transfer P) 0))))\n"
+        "(declare-fun top () (-> Int Bool))\n"
+        "(assert (forall ((x Int)) (top x)))\n"
+        "(assert (not ((transfer top) 0)))\n"
+        "(check-sat)\n";
+
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(nullptr);
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, setError);
+    test_eval(ctx, spec, false);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
+void test_ho_choice_expression() {
+    char const* spec =
+        "(set-logic HO_ALL)\n"
+        "(declare-sort U 0)\n"
+        "(declare-fun P () (-> U Bool))\n"
+        "(assert (exists ((x U)) (P x)))\n"
+        "(declare-fun witness () U)\n"
+        "(assert (= witness (choice ((x U)) (P x))))\n"
+        "(assert (not (P witness)))\n"
+        "(check-sat)\n";
+
+    Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(nullptr);
+    Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, setError);
+    test_eval(ctx, spec, false);
+    Z3_del_context(ctx);
+}
+
 void test_name(Z3_string spec, Z3_string expected_name) {
     Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(nullptr);
     Z3_set_error_handler(ctx, setError);
@@ -289,6 +322,8 @@ void tst_smt2print_parse() {
     // Test ?
 
     test_repeated_eval();
+    test_ho_curried_application();
+    test_ho_choice_expression();
 
     test_symbol_escape();
 
diff --git a/src/test/smt_context.cpp b/src/test/smt_context.cpp
index d7297c9d0a..215f3285cc 100644
--- a/src/test/smt_context.cpp
+++ b/src/test/smt_context.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation
 
 #include "smt/smt_context.h"
 #include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
 
 void tst_smt_context()
 {
@@ -34,4 +35,31 @@ void tst_smt_context()
     }
 
     ctx.check();
+
+    {
+        arith_util a(m);
+        expr_ref x(m.mk_var(2, a.mk_int()), m);
+        expr_ref x4(m.mk_var(1, a.mk_int()), m);
+        expr_ref y(m.mk_var(0, a.mk_int()), m);
+        expr_ref zero(a.mk_int(0), m);
+        expr_ref two(a.mk_int(2), m);
+        expr_ref_vector conjs(m);
+        conjs.push_back(a.mk_gt(x, y));
+        conjs.push_back(a.mk_gt(zero, x4));
+        conjs.push_back(a.mk_gt(zero, a.mk_uminus(y)));
+        conjs.push_back(a.mk_lt(zero, a.mk_uminus(a.mk_mul(two, y))));
+        expr_ref body(m.mk_and(conjs), m);
+
+        sort* y_sort = a.mk_int();
+        symbol y_name("y");
+        body = m.mk_exists(1, &y_sort, &y_name, body);
+
+        sort* sorts[2] = { a.mk_int(), a.mk_int() };
+        symbol names[2] = { symbol("x"), symbol("x4") };
+        expr_ref q(m.mk_forall(2, sorts, names, body), m);
+
+        smt::context qctx(m, params);
+        qctx.assert_expr(q);
+        VERIFY(l_false == qctx.check());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/sorting_network.cpp b/src/test/sorting_network.cpp
index bf78d890b1..d0620f9cea 100644
--- a/src/test/sorting_network.cpp
+++ b/src/test/sorting_network.cpp
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ static void test_pb(unsigned max_w, unsigned sz, unsigned_vector& ws) {
         }        
     }
     else {
-        SASSERT(ws.size() == sz);
+        ENSURE(ws.size() == sz);
         ast_manager m;
         reg_decl_plugins(m);
         expr_ref_vector xs(m), nxs(m);
diff --git a/src/test/tbv.cpp b/src/test/tbv.cpp
index fe33baba58..1d3f912d82 100644
--- a/src/test/tbv.cpp
+++ b/src/test/tbv.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static void test_dc() {
         todo.pop_back();
         bool found = false;
         tbit tvalue = eval[t];
-        SASSERT(tvalue != BIT_z);
+        ENSURE(tvalue != BIT_z);
         for (unsigned j = 0; j < 2*num_bits; ++j) {
             tbit tb = (*t)[j];
             if (tb == BIT_x)
diff --git a/src/test/term_enumeration.cpp b/src/test/term_enumeration.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57b5da852f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/term_enumeration.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2024 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    tst_term_enumeration.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Test term enumeration module
+
+--*/
+
+
+#include "ast/rewriter/term_enumeration.h"
+#include "ast/ast_pp.h"
+#include "ast/arith_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/bv_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/array_decl_plugin.h"
+#include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
+#include "ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.h"
+#include "util/obj_hashtable.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+static void tst_basic_enumeration() {
+    std::cout << "=== test basic enumeration ===\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    arith_util a(m);
+    
+    term_enumeration te(m);
+    
+    // Add some leaf productions (constants)
+    expr_ref zero(a.mk_int(0), m);
+    expr_ref one(a.mk_int(1), m);
+    te.add_production(zero);
+    te.add_production(one);
+    
+    // Enumerate terms of Int sort
+    sort* int_sort = a.mk_int();
+    unsigned count = 0;
+    for (expr* e : te.enum_terms(int_sort)) {
+        std::cout << "Term: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        count++;
+        if (count >= 5) break; // Limit output
+    }
+    
+    ENSURE(count >= 2); // At least 0 and 1
+    std::cout << "Enumerated " << count << " terms\n";
+}
+
+static void tst_enumeration_with_operators() {
+    std::cout << "=== test enumeration with operators ===\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    arith_util a(m);
+    
+    term_enumeration te(m);
+    
+    // Add leaf productions
+    expr_ref zero(a.mk_int(0), m);
+    expr_ref one(a.mk_int(1), m);
+    te.add_production(zero);
+    te.add_production(one);
+    
+    // Add operator productions (+ and *)
+    // Get func_decl by creating an app and extracting the decl
+    app_ref tmp_add(a.mk_add(zero, one), m);
+    app_ref tmp_mul(a.mk_mul(zero, one), m);
+    func_decl* add_decl = tmp_add->get_decl();
+    func_decl* mul_decl = tmp_mul->get_decl();
+    te.add_production(add_decl);
+    te.add_production(mul_decl);
+    
+    sort* int_sort = a.mk_int();
+    unsigned count = 0;
+    for (expr* e : te.enum_terms(int_sort)) {
+        std::cout << "Term: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        count++;
+        if (count >= 20) break; // Limit output
+    }
+    
+    ENSURE(count >= 2); // At least the leaves
+    std::cout << "Enumerated " << count << " terms with operators\n";
+}
+
+static void tst_observational_equivalence_filter() {
+    std::cout << "=== test observational equivalence filter ===\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    arith_util a(m);
+    th_rewriter rw(m);
+
+    term_enumeration te(m);
+
+    expr_ref zero(a.mk_int(0), m);
+    expr_ref one(a.mk_int(1), m);
+    te.add_production(zero);
+    te.add_production(one);
+
+    app_ref tmp_add(a.mk_add(zero, one), m);
+    te.add_production(tmp_add->get_decl());
+
+    sort* int_sort = a.mk_int();
+    obj_hashtable<expr> seen;
+    unsigned count = 0;
+    for (expr* e : te.enum_terms(int_sort)) {
+        expr_ref r(m);
+        rw(e, r);
+        ENSURE(r == e);
+        ENSURE(!seen.contains(r));
+        seen.insert(r);
+        count++;
+        if (count >= 20) break;
+    }
+
+    ENSURE(count >= 2);
+}
+
+static void tst_display() {
+    std::cout << "=== test display ===\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    arith_util a(m);
+    
+    term_enumeration te(m);
+    
+    // Add leaf productions
+    expr_ref zero(a.mk_int(0), m);
+    expr_ref one(a.mk_int(1), m);
+    te.add_production(zero);
+    te.add_production(one);
+    
+    // Add operator productions
+    app_ref tmp_add(a.mk_add(zero, one), m);
+    func_decl* add_decl = tmp_add->get_decl();
+    te.add_production(add_decl);
+    
+    sort* int_sort = a.mk_int();
+    unsigned count = 0;
+    for (expr* e : te.enum_terms(int_sort)) {
+        (void)e;
+        count++;
+        if (count >= 10) break;
+    }
+    
+    std::cout << "Internal state after enumeration:\n";
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    te.display(oss);
+    std::cout << oss.str();
+    
+    // Verify display produced some output
+    ENSURE(!oss.str().empty());
+}
+
+static void tst_bitvector_enumeration() {
+    std::cout << "=== test bitvector enumeration ===\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    bv_util bv(m);
+    
+    term_enumeration te(m);
+    
+    // Add bitvector constants
+    unsigned bv_size = 8;
+    expr_ref bv_zero(bv.mk_numeral(0, bv_size), m);
+    expr_ref bv_one(bv.mk_numeral(1, bv_size), m);
+    te.add_production(bv_zero);
+    te.add_production(bv_one);
+    
+    // Add bvadd operator
+    app_ref tmp_add(bv.mk_bv_add(bv_zero, bv_one), m);
+    func_decl* bvadd = tmp_add->get_decl();
+    te.add_production(bvadd);
+    
+    sort* bv8 = bv.mk_sort(bv_size);
+    unsigned count = 0;
+    for (expr* e : te.enum_terms(bv8)) {
+        std::cout << "BV Term: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        count++;
+        if (count >= 10) break;
+    }
+    
+    ENSURE(count >= 2);
+    std::cout << "Enumerated " << count << " bitvector terms\n";
+}
+
+static void tst_multiple_sorts() {
+    std::cout << "=== test multiple sorts ===\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    arith_util a(m);
+    
+    term_enumeration te(m);
+    
+    // Add Int constants
+    expr_ref i_zero(a.mk_int(0), m);
+    expr_ref i_one(a.mk_int(1), m);
+    te.add_production(i_zero);
+    te.add_production(i_one);
+    
+    // Add Real constants  
+    expr_ref r_zero(a.mk_real(0), m);
+    expr_ref r_one(a.mk_real(1), m);
+    te.add_production(r_zero);
+    te.add_production(r_one);
+    
+    // Enumerate Int terms
+    sort* int_sort = a.mk_int();
+    unsigned int_count = 0;
+    for (expr* e : te.enum_terms(int_sort)) {
+        std::cout << "Int Term: " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        int_count++;
+        if (int_count >= 5) break;
+    }
+    
+    ENSURE(int_count >= 2);
+    std::cout << "Enumerated " << int_count << " Int terms\n";
+}
+
+static void tst_nested_array_enumeration() {
+    std::cout << "=== test nested array enumeration (Array(A, Array(B, A))) ===\n";
+    ast_manager m;
+    reg_decl_plugins(m);
+    array_util arr(m);
+
+    term_enumeration te(m);
+
+    // Create uninterpreted sorts A and B
+    sort_ref sort_A(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("A")), m);
+    sort_ref sort_B(m.mk_uninterpreted_sort(symbol("B")), m);
+
+    // Create nested array sort: Array(B, A) - arrays indexed by B returning A
+    sort_ref array_B_A(arr.mk_array_sort(sort_B, sort_A), m);
+
+    // Create outer array sort: Array(A, Array(B, A)) - arrays indexed by A returning Array(B,A)
+    sort_ref array_A_arrayBA(arr.mk_array_sort(sort_A, array_B_A), m);
+
+    std::cout << "Sort A: " << mk_pp(sort_A.get(), m) << "\n";
+    std::cout << "Sort B: " << mk_pp(sort_B.get(), m) << "\n";
+    std::cout << "Sort Array(B, A): " << mk_pp(array_B_A.get(), m) << "\n";
+    std::cout << "Sort Array(A, Array(B, A)): " << mk_pp(array_A_arrayBA.get(), m) << "\n";
+
+    // Add constants of sort A
+    app_ref a0(m.mk_const(symbol("a0"), sort_A), m);
+    app_ref a1(m.mk_const(symbol("a1"), sort_A), m);
+    te.add_production(a0);
+    te.add_production(a1);
+
+    // Add constants of sort B  
+    app_ref b0(m.mk_const(symbol("b0"), sort_B), m);
+    app_ref b1(m.mk_const(symbol("b1"), sort_B), m);
+    te.add_production(b0);
+    te.add_production(b1);
+
+    // Add a constant array of inner type Array(B, A) - const_array(a0) : Array(B, A)
+    app_ref const_inner(arr.mk_const_array(array_B_A, a0), m);
+    te.add_production(const_inner);
+
+    // Add a constant array of outer type Array(A, Array(B, A))
+    app_ref const_outer(arr.mk_const_array(array_A_arrayBA, const_inner), m);
+    te.add_production(const_outer);
+
+    // Add store operator for the inner array type Array(B, A)
+    // store(array, index, value) : store(Array(B,A), B, A) -> Array(B,A)
+    expr* store_inner_args[3] = { const_inner.get(), b0.get(), a0.get() };
+    app_ref tmp_store_inner(arr.mk_store(3, store_inner_args), m);
+    func_decl* store_inner_decl = tmp_store_inner->get_decl();
+    te.add_production(store_inner_decl);
+
+    // Add store operator for the outer array type Array(A, Array(B, A))
+    // store(array, index, value) : store(Array(A, Array(B,A)), A, Array(B,A)) -> Array(A, Array(B,A))
+    expr* store_outer_args[3] = { const_outer.get(), a0.get(), const_inner.get() };
+    app_ref tmp_store_outer(arr.mk_store(3, store_outer_args), m);
+    func_decl* store_outer_decl = tmp_store_outer->get_decl();
+    te.add_production(store_outer_decl);
+
+    // Add select operator for the outer array (returns Array(B, A))
+    // select(Array(A, Array(B,A)), A) -> Array(B, A)
+    app_ref tmp_select_outer(arr.mk_select(const_outer.get(), a0.get()), m);
+    func_decl* select_outer_decl = tmp_select_outer->get_decl();
+    te.add_production(select_outer_decl);
+
+    // Enumerate terms of the nested array sort Array(A, Array(B, A))
+    std::cout << "\nEnumerating terms of sort Array(A, Array(B, A)):\n";
+    unsigned count = 0;
+    for (expr* e : te.enum_terms(array_A_arrayBA)) {
+        std::cout << "  Term " << count << ": " << mk_pp(e, m) << "\n";
+        count++;
+        if (count >= 15) break; // Limit output
+    }
+
+    ENSURE(count >= 1); // At least the constant array
+    std::cout << "Enumerated " << count << " terms of sort Array(A, Array(B, A))\n";
+
+    te.display(std::cout);
+}
+
+void tst_term_enumeration() {
+    tst_basic_enumeration();
+    tst_enumeration_with_operators();
+    tst_observational_equivalence_filter();
+    tst_display();
+    tst_bitvector_enumeration();
+    tst_multiple_sorts();
+    tst_nested_array_enumeration();
+    std::cout << "All term_enumeration tests passed!\n";
+}
diff --git a/src/test/tptp.cpp b/src/test/tptp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c799f63477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/tptp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include "util/debug.h"
+#include "util/error_codes.h"
+#include "cmd_context/tptp_frontend.h"
+
+struct tptp_case {
+    char const* name;
+    char const* input;
+    char const* expected_status;
+};
+
+static unsigned run_tptp(char const* input, std::string& out, std::string& err) {
+    std::streambuf* old_out = std::cout.rdbuf();
+    std::streambuf* old_err = std::cerr.rdbuf();
+    std::ostringstream out_buf;
+    std::ostringstream err_buf;
+    std::cout.rdbuf(out_buf.rdbuf());
+    std::cerr.rdbuf(err_buf.rdbuf());
+    unsigned code = read_tptp_string(input);
+    std::cout.rdbuf(old_out);
+    std::cerr.rdbuf(old_err);
+    out = out_buf.str();
+    err = err_buf.str();
+    return code;
+}
+
+static std::string run_tptp(char const* input) {
+    std::string out, err;
+    unsigned code = run_tptp(input, out, err);
+    ENSURE(code == 0);
+    return out;
+}
+
+extern bool g_display_statistics;
+extern bool g_display_model;
+
+void tst_tptp() {
+    g_display_statistics = false;
+    g_display_model = false;
+    std::vector<tptp_case> cases = {
+        {"agatha-butler",
+R"(fof(ax1,axiom, lives(agatha)).
+fof(ax2,axiom, lives(butler)).
+fof(ax3,axiom, lives(charles)).
+fof(ax4,axiom, ! [X] : (lives(X) => (X = agatha | X = butler | X = charles))).
+fof(ax5,axiom, ! [X,Y] : (killed(X,Y) => hates(X,Y))).
+fof(ax6,axiom, ! [X,Y] : (killed(X,Y) => ~ richer(X,Y))).
+fof(ax7,axiom, ! [X] : (hates(agatha,X) => ~ hates(charles,X))).
+fof(ax8,axiom, ! [X] : (X != butler => hates(agatha,X))).
+fof(ax9,axiom, ! [X] : (~ richer(X,agatha) => hates(butler,X))).
+fof(ax10,axiom, ! [X] : (hates(agatha,X) => hates(butler,X))).
+fof(ax11,axiom, ! [X] : (? [Y] : ~ hates(X,Y))).
+fof(ax12,axiom, agatha != butler).
+fof(ax13,axiom, ? [X] : killed(X,agatha)).
+fof(conj,conjecture, ~ killed(butler,agatha)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"socrates-theorem",
+R"(fof(a1,axiom, ! [X] : (human(X) => mortal(X))).
+fof(a2,axiom, human(socrates)).
+fof(c1,conjecture, mortal(socrates)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"simple-sat",
+R"(fof(a1,axiom, p(a)).)",
+         "% SZS status Satisfiable"},
+        {"fof-implicit-forall",
+R"(fof(a1,axiom, p(X)).
+fof(c1,conjecture, p(a)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"cnf-implicit-forall",
+R"(cnf(c1,axiom, p(X)).
+cnf(c2,axiom, ~ p(a)).)",
+         "% SZS status Unsatisfiable"},
+//        {"fof-bare-constant-equality",
+//  R"(fof(a1,axiom, ! [X] : (X = a)).
+//fof(c1,conjecture, b = a).)",
+//         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-negative-literal",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, $less(-2,2)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-rational-literal",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, $less(1/2,2/3)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-type-decl-arrow",
+R"(tff(p_type,type, p: $int > $o ).
+tff(a1,axiom, p(1)).
+tff(c1,conjecture, p(1)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-typed-int-quantifier",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, ? [X: $int] : $less(12,X)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-lesseq-built-in",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, $lesseq(2,2)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-bare-integer-equality",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, 31 != 12).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-decimal-literal",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, ~ $less(-3.25,-8.69)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-uminus-built-in",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, $less($uminus(2),0)).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-let-single-binding",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, $let(a: $int, a := 3, $less(a,4))).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-let-multiple-bindings",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, $let([a: $int, b: $int], [a := 1, b := 2], $less($sum(a,b),4))).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        {"tff-let-nested",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, $let(a: $int, a := 5, $let(b: $int, b := 3, $less(b,a)))).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        // Parenthesized negation binds only the next literal, not the whole
+        // disjunction: "( ~ p | q )" is "(~p) | q", not "~(p | q)". With p
+        // asserted this is satisfiable (q true); the old whole-formula negation
+        // made it spuriously unsatisfiable.
+        {"fof-paren-negation-precedence",
+R"(fof(a1,axiom, ( ~ p | q )).
+fof(a2,axiom, p).)",
+         "% SZS status Satisfiable"},
+        // A TPTP quantifier binds tighter than the binary connectives, so
+        // "! [X] : p(X) => g" is "(! [X] : p(X)) => g". With p(a), ~p(b), ~g the
+        // antecedent is false, so the implication holds (Theorem). The old parse
+        // "! [X] : (p(X) => g)" was false at X=a and reported CounterSatisfiable.
+        {"fof-quantifier-binds-tighter-than-implies",
+R"(fof(a1,axiom, p(a)).
+fof(a2,axiom, ~ p(b)).
+fof(a3,axiom, ~ g).
+fof(c1,conjecture, ! [X] : p(X) => g).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"},
+        // Mixed Int/Real equality must use the arithmetic to_real coercion, not
+        // an uninterpreted boxing function: $to_int(3.0) = 3.0 is valid because
+        // to_real(3) = 3.0. Boxing severed the link and reported CounterSatisfiable.
+        {"tff-int-real-equality-coercion",
+R"(tff(c1,conjecture, $to_int(3.0) = 3.0).)",
+         "% SZS status Theorem"}
+    };
+    for (auto const& c : cases) {
+        std::string out = run_tptp(c.input);
+        std::cout << c.name << " status: " << c.expected_status << " out: " << out << "\n";
+        ENSURE(out.find(c.expected_status) != std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    std::string out, err;
+    unsigned code = run_tptp("tff(c1,conjecture, $less(1/0,1)).", out, err);
+    ENSURE(code == ERR_PARSER);
+    ENSURE(err.find("denominator of rational literal cannot be zero") != std::string::npos);
+
+    // SZS status cross-checking against the annotated input status.
+
+    // Matching annotation: no BUG flag.
+    {
+        std::string o = run_tptp(
+R"(% Status   : Unsatisfiable
+cnf(c1,axiom, p(X)).
+cnf(c2,axiom, ~ p(a)).)");
+        ENSURE(o.find("% SZS status Unsatisfiable") != std::string::npos);
+        ENSURE(o.find("BUG") == std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    // Contradicting annotation (says Satisfiable, z3 finds Unsatisfiable): BUG.
+    {
+        std::string o = run_tptp(
+R"(% SZS status Satisfiable
+cnf(c1,axiom, p(X)).
+cnf(c2,axiom, ~ p(a)).)");
+        ENSURE(o.find("BUG") != std::string::npos);
+        ENSURE(o.find("expected Satisfiable") != std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    // Contradicting annotation (says Unsatisfiable, z3 finds Satisfiable): BUG.
+    {
+        std::string o = run_tptp(
+R"(% Status   : Unsatisfiable
+fof(a1,axiom, p(a)).)");
+        ENSURE(o.find("BUG") != std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    // Theorem annotation matches z3's Theorem verdict for conjectures: no BUG.
+    {
+        std::string o = run_tptp(
+R"(% SZS status Theorem
+fof(a1,axiom, ! [X] : (human(X) => mortal(X))).
+fof(a2,axiom, human(socrates)).
+fof(c1,conjecture, mortal(socrates)).)");
+        ENSURE(o.find("% SZS status Theorem") != std::string::npos);
+        ENSURE(o.find("BUG") == std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    // Unannotated input: nothing to check, no BUG.
+    {
+        std::string o = run_tptp("fof(a1,axiom, p(a)).");
+        ENSURE(o.find("BUG") == std::string::npos);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/udoc_relation.cpp b/src/test/udoc_relation.cpp
index c9c6555c58..57017f03ce 100644
--- a/src/test/udoc_relation.cpp
+++ b/src/test/udoc_relation.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation
 
 #include "muz/rel/udoc_relation.h"
 #include "util/trace.h"
+#include "util/gparams.h"
 #include "util/vector.h"
+#include "util/gparams.h"
 #include "ast/ast.h"
 #include "ast/ast_pp.h"
 #include "ast/reg_decl_plugins.h"
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ class udoc_tester {
 
     struct init {
         init(ast_manager& m) {
+            gparams::set("fp.engine", "datalog");                
             reg_decl_plugins(m);
         }
     };
@@ -44,6 +47,7 @@ class udoc_tester {
     bv_util                   bv;
     expr_ref_vector           m_vars;
     smt_params                m_smt_params;
+    params_ref                m_fp_params;
     datalog::register_engine  m_reg;
     datalog::context          m_ctx;
     datalog::rel_context      rc;
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ class udoc_tester {
 
 public:
     udoc_tester(): 
-        m_init(m), bv(m), m_vars(m), m_ctx(m, m_reg, m_smt_params), rc(m_ctx),
+        m_init(m), bv(m), m_vars(m), m_ctx(m, m_reg, m_smt_params, m_fp_params), rc(m_ctx),
         p(dynamic_cast<udoc_plugin&>(*rc.get_rmanager().get_relation_plugin(symbol("doc")))),
         cr(dynamic_cast<datalog::check_relation_plugin&>(*rc.get_rmanager().get_relation_plugin(symbol("check_relation"))))
     {   
diff --git a/src/test/vector.cpp b/src/test/vector.cpp
index 7a13558a2a..0bc2aeb362 100644
--- a/src/test/vector.cpp
+++ b/src/test/vector.cpp
@@ -17,8 +17,92 @@ Revision History:
 
 --*/
 #include "util/vector.h"
+#include "util/rational.h"
 #include <iostream>
 
+static void tst_resize_rational() {
+    // grow from empty using default initialization (zero)
+    vector<rational> v;
+    v.resize(4);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 4);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i].is_zero());
+
+    // shrink: elements below new size are preserved
+    v.resize(2);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 2);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i].is_zero());
+
+    // grow with explicit value initialization
+    rational half(1, 2);
+    v.resize(6, half);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 6);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i].is_zero());
+    for (unsigned i = 2; i < 6; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == half);
+
+    // resize to same size is a no-op
+    rational three(3);
+    v.resize(6, three);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 6);
+    for (unsigned i = 2; i < 6; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == half);
+
+    // resize to zero clears the vector
+    v.resize(0);
+    ENSURE(v.empty());
+
+    // grow again after being empty
+    rational neg(-7);
+    v.resize(3, neg);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 3);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == neg);
+}
+
+static void tst_resize() {
+    // grow from empty using default initialization
+    svector<int> v;
+    v.resize(5);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 5);
+    ENSURE(v.capacity() >= 5);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == 0);
+
+    // shrink: elements below new size are preserved, size shrinks
+    v.resize(3);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 3);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == 0);
+
+    // grow with explicit value initialization
+    v.resize(7, 42);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 7);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == 0);
+    for (unsigned i = 3; i < 7; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == 42);
+
+    // resize to same size is a no-op
+    v.resize(7, 99);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 7);
+    for (unsigned i = 3; i < 7; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == 42);
+
+    // resize to zero clears the vector
+    v.resize(0);
+    ENSURE(v.empty());
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 0);
+
+    // grow again after being empty
+    v.resize(4, 10);
+    ENSURE(v.size() == 4);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+        ENSURE(v[i] == 10);
+}
+
 static void tst1() {
     svector<int> v1;
     ENSURE(v1.empty());
@@ -58,5 +142,7 @@ static void tst1() {
 }
 
 void tst_vector() {
+    tst_resize_rational();
+    tst_resize();
     tst1();
 }
diff --git a/src/util/bit_util.cpp b/src/util/bit_util.cpp
index 2a6df4aeda..0899318078 100644
--- a/src/util/bit_util.cpp
+++ b/src/util/bit_util.cpp
@@ -214,6 +214,15 @@ void shl(std::span<unsigned const> src, unsigned k, std::span<unsigned> dst) {
         }
     }
     else {
+        if (bit_shift == 0) {
+            if (src_sz > dst_sz)
+                src_sz = dst_sz;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < src_sz; ++i)
+                dst[i] = src[i];
+            for (size_t i = src_sz; i < dst_sz; ++i)
+                dst[i] = 0;
+            return;
+        }
         unsigned comp_shift = (8 * sizeof(unsigned)) - bit_shift;
         unsigned prev       = 0;
         if (src_sz > dst_sz)
@@ -278,7 +287,11 @@ void shr(std::span<unsigned const> src, unsigned k, std::span<unsigned> dst) {
         }
         else {
             SASSERT(new_sz == sz);
-            SASSERT(bit_shift != 0);
+            if (bit_shift == 0) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
+                    dst[i] = src[i];
+                return;
+            }
             unsigned i       = 0;
             for (; i < new_sz - 1; ++i) {
                 dst[i] = src[i];
@@ -327,20 +340,26 @@ void shr(std::span<unsigned const> src, unsigned k, std::span<unsigned> dst) {
     }
     else {
         SASSERT(new_sz == src_sz);
-        SASSERT(bit_shift != 0);
-        auto sz = new_sz;
-        if (new_sz > dst_sz)
-            sz = dst_sz;
-        unsigned i       = 0;
-        for (; i < sz - 1; ++i) {
+        if (bit_shift == 0) {
+            auto sz = std::min(new_sz, dst_sz);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
+                dst[i] = src[i];
+        }
+        else {
+            auto sz = new_sz;
+            if (new_sz > dst_sz)
+                sz = dst_sz;
+            unsigned i       = 0;
+            for (; i < sz - 1; ++i) {
+                dst[i] = src[i];
+                dst[i] >>= bit_shift;
+                dst[i] |= (src[i+1] << comp_shift);
+            }
             dst[i] = src[i];
             dst[i] >>= bit_shift;
-            dst[i] |= (src[i+1] << comp_shift);
+            if (new_sz > dst_sz)
+                dst[i] |= (src[i+1] << comp_shift);
         }
-        dst[i] = src[i];
-        dst[i] >>= bit_shift;
-        if (new_sz > dst_sz)
-            dst[i] |= (src[i+1] << comp_shift);
     }
     for (auto i = new_sz; i < dst_sz; ++i)
         dst[i] = 0;
diff --git a/src/util/chashtable.h b/src/util/chashtable.h
index 5d4e4caa66..56d509f320 100644
--- a/src/util/chashtable.h
+++ b/src/util/chashtable.h
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ public:
         unsigned idx  = h & mask;
         cell * c      = m_table + idx;
         if (c->is_free())
-            return; 
+            return;
         cell * prev = nullptr;
         do { 
             if (equals(c->m_data, d)) {
diff --git a/src/util/checked_int64.h b/src/util/checked_int64.h
index 41ac88ef74..ceae0c70c5 100644
--- a/src/util/checked_int64.h
+++ b/src/util/checked_int64.h
@@ -187,11 +187,15 @@ public:
     }
 
     checked_int64& operator/=(checked_int64 const& other) {
+        if (CHECK && other.m_value == 0)
+            throw overflow_exception();
         m_value /= other.m_value;
         return *this;
     }
 
     checked_int64& operator%=(checked_int64 const& other) {
+        if (CHECK && other.m_value == 0)
+            throw overflow_exception();
         m_value %= other.m_value;
         return *this;
     }
diff --git a/src/util/debug.cpp b/src/util/debug.cpp
index 9cdc0472d2..4a2141c024 100644
--- a/src/util/debug.cpp
+++ b/src/util/debug.cpp
@@ -36,11 +36,46 @@ bool assertions_enabled() {
     return g_enable_assertions;
 }
 
+#if defined(_WINDOWS)
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <dbghelp.h>
+#pragma comment(lib, "dbghelp.lib")
+static void print_windows_backtrace() {
+    HANDLE process = GetCurrentProcess();
+    SymSetOptions(SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES | SYMOPT_DEFERRED_LOADS | SYMOPT_UNDNAME);
+    SymInitialize(process, nullptr, TRUE);
+    void * stack[64];
+    USHORT frames = RtlCaptureStackBackTrace(0, 64, stack, nullptr);
+    char buf[sizeof(SYMBOL_INFO) + 256 * sizeof(char)];
+    SYMBOL_INFO * sym = reinterpret_cast<SYMBOL_INFO*>(buf);
+    sym->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(SYMBOL_INFO);
+    sym->MaxNameLen = 255;
+    IMAGEHLP_LINE64 line64;
+    line64.SizeOfStruct = sizeof(IMAGEHLP_LINE64);
+    std::cerr << "----- backtrace -----\n";
+    for (USHORT i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
+        DWORD64 addr = reinterpret_cast<DWORD64>(stack[i]);
+        const char * name = "?";
+        if (SymFromAddr(process, addr, nullptr, sym))
+            name = sym->Name;
+        DWORD disp = 0;
+        std::cerr << i << ": " << name;
+        if (SymGetLineFromAddr64(process, addr, &disp, &line64))
+            std::cerr << " (" << line64.FileName << ":" << line64.LineNumber << ")";
+        std::cerr << "\n";
+    }
+    std::cerr << "---------------------\n";
+}
+#endif
+
 void notify_assertion_violation(const char * fileName, int line, const char * condition) {
     std::cerr << "ASSERTION VIOLATION\n"
                  "File: " << fileName << "\n"
                  "Line: " << line << '\n'
               << condition << '\n';
+#if defined(_WINDOWS)
+    print_windows_backtrace();
+#endif
 #ifndef Z3DEBUG
     std::cerr << Z3_FULL_VERSION "\n"
                  "Please file an issue with this message and more detail about how you encountered it at https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/issues/new\n";
diff --git a/src/util/dependency.h b/src/util/dependency.h
index 5837e575b6..55d88291ac 100644
--- a/src/util/dependency.h
+++ b/src/util/dependency.h
@@ -234,6 +234,22 @@ public:
         m_todo.reset();
     }
 
+    // Linearize the union of two dependencies without allocating a join node.
+    void linearize(dependency * d1, dependency * d2, vector<value, false> & vs) const {
+        SASSERT(m_todo.empty());
+        if (d1) {
+            d1->mark();
+            m_todo.push_back(d1);
+        }
+        if (d2 && !d2->is_marked()) {
+            d2->mark();
+            m_todo.push_back(d2);
+        }
+        if (!m_todo.empty())
+            linearize_todo(m_todo, vs);
+        m_todo.reset();
+    }
+
     void linearize(ptr_vector<dependency>& deps, vector<value, false> & vs) const {
         if (deps.empty())
             return;
@@ -333,6 +349,10 @@ public:
         return m_dep_manager.linearize(d, vs);
     }    
 
+    void linearize(dependency * d1, dependency * d2, vector<value, false> & vs) const {
+        return m_dep_manager.linearize(d1, d2, vs);
+    }    
+
     static vector<value, false> const& s_linearize(dependency* d, vector<value, false>& vs) {
         dep_manager::s_linearize(d, vs);
         return vs;
diff --git a/src/util/hash.h b/src/util/hash.h
index ac6896bf19..40ea7bfb89 100644
--- a/src/util/hash.h
+++ b/src/util/hash.h
@@ -57,10 +57,8 @@ static inline unsigned hash_ull(unsigned long long a) {
 }
 
 static inline unsigned combine_hash(unsigned h1, unsigned h2) {
-    h2 -= h1; h2 ^= (h1 << 8);
-    h1 -= h2; h2 ^= (h1 << 16);
-    h2 -= h1; h2 ^= (h1 << 10);
-    return h2;
+    h1 ^= h2 + 0x9e3779b9 + (h1 << 6) + (h1 >> 2);
+    return hash_u(h1);
 }
 
 static inline unsigned hash_u_u(unsigned a, unsigned b) {
@@ -256,4 +254,3 @@ static inline unsigned mk_mix(unsigned a, unsigned b, unsigned c) {
     return c;
 }
 
-
diff --git a/src/util/index_sort_with_mutations.h b/src/util/index_sort_with_mutations.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9852a87f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/index_sort_with_mutations.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2026 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    index_sort_with_mutations.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Bounds-safe, mutation-aware stable merge sort of an index permutation.
+
+    This exists to be shared between sites whose ordering comparator is NOT a
+    fixed strict weak ordering over a single sort -- typically because the
+    comparator MUTATES the objects it compares (e.g. algebraic numbers, whose
+    comparison refines their isolating intervals) and may even throw when a
+    resource limit is hit mid-sort. Against such a comparator std::sort
+    (introsort) is undefined behavior: it relies on a comparator-derived
+    sentinel and re-compares a pivot repeatedly, so a comparison that
+    transiently strengthens from "uncertain" to "decided" invalidates the
+    sentinel and its *unguarded* insertion pass walks off the array -> an
+    out-of-bounds read -> SIGSEGV (a try/catch could not help).
+
+    Merge sort is safe BECAUSE of how it meets a mutating comparator:
+      1. It never re-compares a pair (each unordered pair is compared at exactly
+         one merge level), so "the verdict for this pair changed" cannot occur
+         within the sort.
+      2. It uses no comparator-derived sentinel; every loop bound is arithmetic
+         (i < mid, j < hi), so an inconsistent comparator can only yield a wrong
+         order, never an out-of-bounds access or non-termination.
+      3. If the comparator's refinement is monotone toward a true order, runs
+         are ordered by decided verdicts that later refinement cannot un-decide,
+         so each run stays sorted and deeper merges inherit cheaper comparisons.
+    It runs in O(n log n) comparisons and O(n) scratch, is stable, and unwinds
+    cleanly if the comparator throws on cancellation.
+
+Author:
+
+    Lev Nachmanson 2026
+
+--*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+/**
+   \brief Stable merge sort of an index permutation.
+
+   \c perm and \c scratch must each point to an array of \c n unsigned values;
+   \c perm holds the permutation to sort (typically 0..n-1). \c less(a, b) takes
+   two element indices and returns true iff element \c a must come strictly
+   before element \c b. On return \c perm holds the sorted permutation and
+   \c scratch has been used as working space. Equal/undecided pairs keep their
+   relative order (stable).
+*/
+template<typename Less>
+void stable_index_merge_sort(unsigned* perm, unsigned* scratch, unsigned n, Less less) {
+    if (n < 2)
+        return;
+    unsigned* src = perm;
+    unsigned* dst = scratch;
+    for (unsigned width = 1; width < n; width <<= 1) {
+        for (unsigned lo = 0; lo < n; lo += (width << 1)) {
+            unsigned mid = std::min(lo + width, n);
+            unsigned hi = std::min(lo + (width << 1), n);
+            unsigned i = lo, j = mid, k = lo;
+            // Take from the right run only on a strict decrease, so equal/
+            // undecided pairs keep their relative order (stable).
+            while (i < mid && j < hi)
+                dst[k++] = less(src[j], src[i]) ? src[j++] : src[i++];
+            while (i < mid)
+                dst[k++] = src[i++];
+            while (j < hi)
+                dst[k++] = src[j++];
+        }
+        std::swap(src, dst);
+    }
+    if (src != perm)
+        std::copy(src, src + n, perm);
+}
diff --git a/src/util/mpff.cpp b/src/util/mpff.cpp
index a0851bad6f..c2c0586961 100644
--- a/src/util/mpff.cpp
+++ b/src/util/mpff.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ uint64_t mpff_manager::get_uint64(mpff const & a) const {
     int exp = -a.m_exponent - sizeof(unsigned) * 8 * (m_precision - 2);
     SASSERT(exp >= 0);
     uint64_t * s = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(sig(a) + (m_precision - 2));
-    return *s >> exp;
+    return *s >> static_cast<unsigned>(exp);
 }
 
 int64_t mpff_manager::get_int64(mpff const & a) const {
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ int64_t mpff_manager::get_int64(mpff const & a) const {
         return INT64_MIN;
     }
     else {
-        int64_t r = *s >> exp;
+        int64_t r = *s >> static_cast<unsigned>(exp);
         if (is_neg(a))
             r = -r;
         return r;
diff --git a/src/util/mpq.cpp b/src/util/mpq.cpp
index ddc227847c..4565084031 100644
--- a/src/util/mpq.cpp
+++ b/src/util/mpq.cpp
@@ -289,6 +289,25 @@ void mpq_manager<SYNCH>::power(mpq const & a, unsigned p, mpq & b) {
         set(b, 1);
         return;
     }
+    if (eq(a, 1)) {
+        set(b, 1);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (eq(a, -1)) {
+        if (p % 2 == 0)
+            set(b, 1);
+        else
+            set(b, -1);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (eq(a, 0)) {
+        set(b, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (p > (1 << 20)) 
+        throw default_exception("power is too large to compute");    
+
     unsigned mask = 1;
     mpq power;
     set(power, a);
diff --git a/src/util/mpz.cpp b/src/util/mpz.cpp
index 03f729e0bc..da96fbf840 100644
--- a/src/util/mpz.cpp
+++ b/src/util/mpz.cpp
@@ -601,7 +601,11 @@ mpz mpz_manager<SYNCH>::mod2k(mpz const & a, unsigned k) {
     ensure_mpz_t a1(a);
     mk_big(result);
     MPZ_BEGIN_CRITICAL();
+<<<<<<< HEAD
     mpz_tdiv_r_2exp(*result.ptr(), a1(), k);
+=======
+    mpz_fdiv_r_2exp(*result.m_ptr, a1(), k);
+>>>>>>> origin/master
     MPZ_END_CRITICAL();
 #endif
     STRACE(mpz, tout << to_string(result) << '\n';);
@@ -1759,8 +1763,16 @@ std::string mpz_manager<SYNCH>::to_string(mpz const & a) const {
 
 template<bool SYNCH>
 unsigned mpz_manager<SYNCH>::hash(mpz const & a) {
+<<<<<<< HEAD
     if (is_small(a))
         return ::abs(a.value());
+=======
+    if (is_small(a)) {
+        // compute abs in unsigned arithmetic: ::abs(INT_MIN) is undefined
+        unsigned u = static_cast<unsigned>(a.m_val);
+        return a.m_val < 0 ? 0u - u : u;
+    }
+>>>>>>> origin/master
 #ifndef _MP_GMP
     unsigned sz = size(a);
     if (sz == 1)
diff --git a/src/util/mpz.h b/src/util/mpz.h
index f572406a4e..a64688a05a 100644
--- a/src/util/mpz.h
+++ b/src/util/mpz.h
@@ -385,9 +385,23 @@ class mpz_manager {
                 cell->m_digits[0] = static_cast<digit_t>(abs_val);
             }
             else {
+<<<<<<< HEAD
                 cell->m_digits[0] = static_cast<unsigned>(abs_val);
                 cell->m_digits[1] = static_cast<unsigned>(abs_val >> 32);
                 cell->m_size = (abs_val >> 32) == 0 ? 1 : 2;
+=======
+                cell = reserve;
+                cell->m_size = 1;
+                digit_t* cell_digits = reinterpret_cast<digit_t*>(cell + 1);
+                if (a.value() < 0) {
+                    sign = -1;
+                    cell_digits[0] = -a.value();
+                }
+                else {
+                    sign = 1;
+                    cell_digits[0] = a.value();
+                }
+>>>>>>> origin/master
             }
         }
         else {
diff --git a/src/util/obj_hashtable.h b/src/util/obj_hashtable.h
index 329f1aa1e4..0b39163ea1 100644
--- a/src/util/obj_hashtable.h
+++ b/src/util/obj_hashtable.h
@@ -132,15 +132,15 @@ public:
     }
     
     void insert(Key * const k, Value const & v) {
-        m_table.insert(key_data(k, v));
+        m_table.insert(key_data{k, v});
     }
 
     void insert(Key * const k, Value && v) {
-        m_table.insert(key_data(k, std::move(v)));
+        m_table.insert(key_data{k, std::move(v)});
     }
     
     Value& insert_if_not_there(Key * k, Value const & v) {
-        return m_table.insert_if_not_there2(key_data(k, v))->get_data().m_value;
+        return m_table.insert_if_not_there2(key_data{k, v})->get_data().m_value;
     }
 
     Value& insert_if_not_there(Key * k, Value && v) {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ public:
     }
     
     iterator find_iterator(Key * k) const { 
-        return m_table.find(key_data(k));
+        return m_table.find(key_data{k});
     }
 
     bool contains(Key * k) const { 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void remove(Key * k) {
-        m_table.remove(key_data(k));
+        m_table.remove(key_data{k});
     }
     
     void erase(Key * k) {
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ public:
 
     void get_collisions(Key * k, vector<Key*>& collisions) {
         vector<key_data> cs;
-        m_table.get_collisions(key_data(k), cs);
+        m_table.get_collisions(key_data{k}, cs);
         for (key_data const& kd : cs) {
             collisions.push_back(kd.m_key);
         }
@@ -239,5 +239,3 @@ void erase_dealloc_value(obj_map<Key, Value*> & m, Key * k) {
         dealloc(v);
     }
 }
-
-
diff --git a/src/util/obj_pair_hashtable.h b/src/util/obj_pair_hashtable.h
index e9d2e9bb54..78355b9bb7 100644
--- a/src/util/obj_pair_hashtable.h
+++ b/src/util/obj_pair_hashtable.h
@@ -59,17 +59,13 @@ protected:
     class entry;
 public:
     class key_data {
-        Key1 *   m_key1;
-        Key2 *   m_key2;
+        Key1 *   m_key1 = nullptr;
+        Key2 *   m_key2 = nullptr;
         Value    m_value;
-        unsigned m_hash;
+        unsigned m_hash = 0;
         friend class entry;
     public:
-        key_data():
-            m_key1(nullptr),
-            m_key2(nullptr),
-            m_hash(0) {
-        }
+        key_data() = default;
         key_data(Key1 * k1, Key2 * k2):
             m_key1(k1), 
             m_key2(k2) {
diff --git a/src/util/obj_triple_hashtable.h b/src/util/obj_triple_hashtable.h
index 7d75084fe9..00a7a2845d 100644
--- a/src/util/obj_triple_hashtable.h
+++ b/src/util/obj_triple_hashtable.h
@@ -60,19 +60,14 @@ protected:
     class entry;
 public:
     class key_data {
-        Key1 *   m_key1;
-        Key2 *   m_key2;
-        Key3 *   m_key3;
+        Key1 *   m_key1 = nullptr;
+        Key2 *   m_key2 = nullptr;
+        Key3 *   m_key3 = nullptr;
         Value    m_value;
-        unsigned m_hash;
+        unsigned m_hash = 0;
         friend class entry;
     public:
-        key_data():
-            m_key1(nullptr),
-            m_key2(nullptr),
-            m_key3(nullptr),
-            m_hash(0) {
-        }
+        key_data() = default;
         key_data(Key1 * k1, Key2 * k2, Key3 * k3):
             m_key1(k1), 
             m_key2(k2),
diff --git a/src/util/ref_vector.h b/src/util/ref_vector.h
index f8bd4061b9..c20970df17 100644
--- a/src/util/ref_vector.h
+++ b/src/util/ref_vector.h
@@ -278,6 +278,10 @@ public:
         SASSERT(&(this->m_manager) == &(other.m_manager));
         this->m_nodes.swap(other.m_nodes);
     }
+
+    void swap(unsigned idx1, unsigned idx2) noexcept {
+        this->super::swap(idx1, idx2);
+    }
     
     class element_ref {
         T * &       m_ref;
diff --git a/src/util/sat_literal.h b/src/util/sat_literal.h
index fb22ce5e17..95209fef24 100644
--- a/src/util/sat_literal.h
+++ b/src/util/sat_literal.h
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ namespace sat {
         return out << mk_lits_pp(ls.size(), ls.data());
     }
 
-};
+}
 
 namespace std {
 
@@ -198,4 +198,4 @@ namespace std {
         if (l.sign()) return "-" + to_string(l.var());
         return to_string(l.var());
     }
-};
+}
diff --git a/src/util/sat_sls.h b/src/util/sat_sls.h
index 82b84bd03d..3289d8a29e 100644
--- a/src/util/sat_sls.h
+++ b/src/util/sat_sls.h
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ namespace sat {
     inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, clause_info const& ci) {
         return out << ci.m_clause << " w: " << ci.m_weight << " nt: " << ci.m_num_trues;
     }
-};
+}
 
 
diff --git a/src/util/scoped_numeral_vector.h b/src/util/scoped_numeral_vector.h
index b5cfb69cb2..44e625550f 100644
--- a/src/util/scoped_numeral_vector.h
+++ b/src/util/scoped_numeral_vector.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public:
 
     _scoped_numeral_vector(const _scoped_numeral_vector & other) : m_manager(other.m_manager) {
         for (unsigned i = 0, e = other.size(); i != e; ++i) {
-            push_back((*this)[i]);
+            push_back(other[i]);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/util/search_tree.h b/src/util/search_tree.h
index 04a222066f..9b9f15064b 100644
--- a/src/util/search_tree.h
+++ b/src/util/search_tree.h
@@ -12,14 +12,19 @@ Abstract:
 
     Nodes can be in one of three states: open, closed, or active.
     - Closed nodes are fully explored (both children are closed).
-    - Active nodes have no children and are currently being explored.
-    - Open nodes either have children that are open or are leaves.
+    - Active nodes are currently assigned to a worker.
+    - Open nodes are unsolved and available for future activation.
 
-    A node can be split if it is active. After splitting, it becomes open and has two open children.
+    Tree activation follows an SMTS-style policy: prefer nodes in lower
+    accumulated-attempts bands, and then prefer deeper nodes within the same band.
+
+    Tree expansion is also SMTS-inspired: a timeout does not force an immediate
+    split. Instead, expansion is gated to avoid overgrowing the tree and prefers
+    shallow timed-out leaves so that internal nodes can be revisited.
 
     Backtracking on a conflict closes all nodes below the last node whose atom is in the conflict set.
 
-    Activation searches an open node closest to a seed node.
+    Activation selects a best-ranked open node using accumulated attempts and depth.
 
 Author:
 
@@ -27,9 +32,9 @@ Author:
 
 --*/
 
+#pragma once
 #include "util/util.h"
 #include "util/vector.h"
-#pragma once
 
 namespace search_tree {
 
@@ -41,6 +46,10 @@ namespace search_tree {
         node *m_left = nullptr, *m_right = nullptr, *m_parent = nullptr;
         status m_status;
         vector<literal> m_core;
+        unsigned m_num_activations = 0;
+        unsigned m_effort_spent = 0;
+        unsigned m_round_max_effort = 0;
+        unsigned m_active_workers = 0;
 
     public:
         node(literal const &l, node *parent) : m_literal(l), m_parent(parent), m_status(status::open) {}
@@ -58,24 +67,30 @@ namespace search_tree {
         literal const &get_literal() const {
             return m_literal;
         }
-        bool literal_is_null() const {
-            return Config::is_null(m_literal);
+        bool path_contains_atom(literal const& l) const {
+            for (node const* n = this; n; n = n->parent())
+                if (!Config::literal_is_null(n->get_literal()) && Config::same_atom(n->get_literal(), l))
+                    return true;
+            return false;
         }
         void split(literal const &a, literal const &b) {
             SASSERT(!Config::literal_is_null(a));
             SASSERT(!Config::literal_is_null(b));
+            VERIFY(!path_contains_atom(a));
+            VERIFY(!path_contains_atom(b));
             if (m_status != status::active)
                 return;
             SASSERT(!m_left);
             SASSERT(!m_right);
             m_left = alloc(node<Config>, a, this);
             m_right = alloc(node<Config>, b, this);
-            m_status = status::open;
         }
 
         node* left() const { return m_left; }
         node* right() const { return m_right; }
         node* parent() const { return m_parent; }
+        bool is_leaf() const { return !m_left && !m_right; }
+
         unsigned depth() const {
             unsigned d = 0;
             node* p = m_parent;
@@ -86,27 +101,15 @@ namespace search_tree {
             return d;
         }
 
-        node *find_active_node() {
-            if (m_status == status::active)
-                return this;
-            if (m_status == status::closed)
-                return nullptr;
-            node *nodes[2] = {m_left, m_right};
-            for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
-                auto res = nodes[i] ? nodes[i]->find_active_node() : nullptr;
-                if (res)
-                    return res;
-            }
-            if (m_left->get_status() == status::closed && m_right->get_status() == status::closed)
-                m_status = status::closed;
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
         void display(std::ostream &out, unsigned indent) const {
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
                 out << " ";
             Config::display_literal(out, m_literal);
-            out << (get_status() == status::open ? " (o)" : get_status() == status::closed ? " (c)" : " (a)");
+            switch (get_status()) {
+            case status::open:   out << " (o)"; break;
+            case status::closed: out << " (c)"; break;
+            case status::active: out << " (a)"; break;
+            }
             out << "\n";
             if (m_left)
                 m_left->display(out, indent + 2);
@@ -123,6 +126,35 @@ namespace search_tree {
         void clear_core() {
             m_core.clear();
         }
+        unsigned num_activations() const {
+            return m_num_activations;
+        }
+        void mark_new_activation() {
+            set_status(status::active);
+            ++m_num_activations;
+            ++m_active_workers;
+        }
+        void dec_active_workers() {
+            if (m_active_workers > 0)
+                --m_active_workers;
+            if (m_active_workers == 0 && m_status == status::active) {
+                m_round_max_effort = 0;
+                m_status = status::open;
+            }
+        }
+        bool has_active_workers() const {
+            return m_active_workers > 0;
+        }
+        unsigned effort_spent() const {
+            return m_effort_spent;
+        }
+        void update_round_max_effort(unsigned effort) {
+            if (effort <= m_round_max_effort)
+                return;
+            m_effort_spent -= m_round_max_effort;
+            m_round_max_effort = effort;
+            m_effort_spent += m_round_max_effort;
+        }
     };
 
     template <typename Config> class tree {
@@ -130,28 +162,114 @@ namespace search_tree {
         scoped_ptr<node<Config>> m_root = nullptr;
         literal m_null_literal;
         random_gen m_rand;
+        unsigned m_expand_factor = 2;
+        unsigned m_effort_unit = 1000;
+        
+        // Used for tree expansion throttling policy in should_split()
+        // SMTS says set to num workers, but our experiments show a big regression
+        // Leaving at 0 for now, but making it configurable for future experimentation
+        unsigned m_min_tree_size = 0; 
 
-        // return an active node in the subtree rooted at n, or nullptr if there is none
-        node<Config> *activate_from_root(node<Config> *n) {
-            if (!n)
-                return nullptr;
-            if (n->get_status() != status::open)
-                return nullptr;
-            auto left = n->left();
-            auto right = n->right();
-            if (!left && !right) {
-                n->set_status(status::active);
-                return n;
+        struct candidate {
+            node<Config>* n = nullptr;
+            unsigned scaled_effort = UINT_MAX;
+            unsigned depth = 0;
+        };
+
+        // A measure of how much effort has been spent on the node, used for activation prioritization and expansion decisions
+        // The effort unit is the workers' initial conflict budget, and effort spent grows by a factor defined in smt_parallel.h on each split attempt
+        unsigned scaled_effort(node<Config> const* n) const {
+            return n->effort_spent() / std::max<unsigned>(1, m_effort_unit);
+        }
+
+        // Node selection policy: prefer lower effort bands, then deeper nodes within the same band, and break ties randomly
+        bool better(candidate const& a, candidate const& b) const {
+            if (!a.n)
+                return false;
+            if (!b.n)
+                return true;
+            if (a.scaled_effort != b.scaled_effort)
+                return a.scaled_effort < b.scaled_effort;
+            if (a.depth != b.depth)
+                return a.depth > b.depth;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        void select_next_node(node<Config>* cur, status target_status, candidate& best) const {
+            if (!cur || cur->get_status() == status::closed)
+                return;
+
+            if (cur->get_status() == target_status) {
+                candidate cand;
+                cand.n = cur;
+                cand.scaled_effort = scaled_effort(cur);
+                cand.depth = cur->depth();
+
+                if (better(cand, best))
+                    best = cand;
             }
-            node<Config> *nodes[2] = {left, right};
-            unsigned index = m_rand(2);
-            auto child = activate_from_root(nodes[index]);
-            if (child)
-                return child;
-            child = activate_from_root(nodes[1 - index]);
-            if (child)
-                return child;
-            return nullptr;
+
+            select_next_node(cur->left(), target_status, best);
+            select_next_node(cur->right(), target_status, best);
+        }
+
+        bool has_unvisited_open_node(node<Config>* cur) const {
+            if (!cur || cur->get_status() == status::closed)
+                return false;
+            if (cur->get_status() == status::open && cur->num_activations() == 0)
+                return true;
+            return has_unvisited_open_node(cur->left()) || has_unvisited_open_node(cur->right());
+        }
+
+        unsigned count_unsolved_nodes(node<Config>* cur) const {
+            if (!cur || cur->get_status() == status::closed)
+                return 0;
+            return 1 + count_unsolved_nodes(cur->left()) + count_unsolved_nodes(cur->right());
+        }
+
+        unsigned count_active_nodes(node<Config>* cur) const {
+            if (!cur || cur->get_status() == status::closed)
+                return 0;
+            return (cur->get_status() == status::active ? 1 : 0) +
+                   count_active_nodes(cur->left()) +
+                   count_active_nodes(cur->right());
+        }
+
+        // Find the depth of the shallowest leaf node that at least 1 worker has timed out on
+        // Used for tree expansion policy
+        void find_shallowest_timed_out_leaf_depth(node<Config>* cur, unsigned& best_depth) const {
+            if (!cur || cur->get_status() == status::closed)
+                return;
+
+            if (cur->is_leaf() && cur->effort_spent() > 0)
+                best_depth = std::min(best_depth, cur->depth());
+
+            find_shallowest_timed_out_leaf_depth(cur->left(), best_depth);
+            find_shallowest_timed_out_leaf_depth(cur->right(), best_depth);
+        }
+
+        bool should_split(node<Config>* n) {
+            if (!n || n->get_status() != status::active || !n->is_leaf())
+                return false;
+
+            unsigned num_active_nodes = count_active_nodes(m_root.get());
+            unsigned unsolved_tree_size = count_unsolved_nodes(m_root.get());
+
+            // If the tree is already large compared to the number of active nodes, be more aggressive about splitting to encourage exploration 
+            if (unsolved_tree_size >= num_active_nodes * m_expand_factor)
+                return false;
+
+            // ONLY throttle when tree is "large enough" 
+            if (unsolved_tree_size >= m_min_tree_size) {
+                if (has_unvisited_open_node(m_root.get())) // Do not expand if there are still unvisited open nodes (prioritize exploration before expansion)
+                    return false;
+                if (m_rand(2) != 0) // Random throttling (50% rejection)
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            unsigned shallowest_timed_out_leaf_depth = UINT_MAX;
+            find_shallowest_timed_out_leaf_depth(m_root.get(), shallowest_timed_out_leaf_depth);
+            return n->depth() == shallowest_timed_out_leaf_depth;
         }
 
         // Bubble to the highest ancestor where ALL literals in the resolvent
@@ -246,8 +364,10 @@ namespace search_tree {
 
             node<Config> *p = n->parent();
 
-            // The conflict does NOT depend on the decision literal at node n, so n’s split literal is irrelevant to this conflict
-            // thus the entire subtree under n is closed regardless of the split, so the conflict should be attached higher, at the nearest ancestor that does participate
+            // The conflict does NOT depend on the decision literal at node n, so n’s decision literal is irrelevant to this conflict
+            // thus the entire subtree under n is closed, so the conflict should be attached higher, at the nearest ancestor that does participate
+            // NOTE: I think this is dead code because the backtrack function already walks up to the nearest ancestor whose literal is in the conflict, which is the only place where this is called
+            //       Keep for now since it does generalize this function to be used for arbitrary conflict attachment
             if (p && all_of(C, [n](auto const &l) { return l != n->get_literal(); })) {
                 close_with_core(p, C);
                 return;
@@ -314,20 +434,38 @@ namespace search_tree {
             m_rand.set_seed(seed);
         }
 
-        void reset() {
-            m_root = alloc(node<Config>, m_null_literal, nullptr);
-            m_root->set_status(status::active);
+        void set_effort_unit(unsigned effort_unit) {
+            m_effort_unit = std::max<unsigned>(1, effort_unit);
         }
 
-        // Split current node if it is active.
-        // After the call, n is open and has two children.
-        void split(node<Config> *n, literal const &a, literal const &b) {
-            n->split(a, b);
+        void reset() {
+            m_root = alloc(node<Config>, m_null_literal, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        // On timeout, either expand the current leaf or reopen the node for a
+        // later revisit, depending on the tree-expansion heuristic.
+        bool try_split(node<Config> *n, literal const &a, literal const &b, unsigned effort) {
+            if (is_lease_canceled(n))
+                return false;
+
+            // Record at most one effort contribution per concurrent round on this node.
+            // Stale workers still contribute, but only via the round-local maximum.
+            n->update_round_max_effort(effort);
+            bool did_split = false;
+
+            if (should_split(n)) {
+                n->split(a, b);
+                did_split = true;
+            }
+
+            return did_split;
         }
 
         // conflict is given by a set of literals.
         // they are subsets of the literals on the path from root to n AND the external assumption literals
         void backtrack(node<Config> *n, vector<literal> const &conflict) {
+            if (!n)
+                return;
             if (conflict.empty()) {
                 close_with_core(m_root.get(), conflict);
                 return;
@@ -349,6 +487,8 @@ namespace search_tree {
 
             // Walk upward to find the nearest ancestor whose decision participates in the conflict
             while (n) {
+                // Does the UNSAT core contain the decision literal at node n?
+                // If yes, i.e. if the core contains n->literal, then the conflict depends on the decision made at node n.
                 if (any_of(conflict, [&](auto const &a) { return a == n->get_literal(); })) {
                     // close the subtree under n (preserves core attached to n), and attempt to resolve upwards
                     close_with_core(n, conflict);
@@ -360,48 +500,52 @@ namespace search_tree {
             UNREACHABLE();
         }
 
-        // return an active node in the tree, or nullptr if there is none
-        // first check if there is a node to activate under n,
-        // if not, go up the tree and try to activate a sibling subtree
-        node<Config> *activate_node(node<Config> *n) {
-            if (!n) {
-                if (m_root->get_status() == status::active)
-                    return m_root.get();
-                n = m_root.get();
+        // Try to select an open node using the select_next_node policy
+        // If there are no open nodes, try to select an active node for portfolio solving
+        node<Config>* activate_best_node() {
+            candidate best;
+            select_next_node(m_root.get(), status::open, best);
+            if (!best.n) {
+                IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "NO OPEN NODES, trying active nodes for portfolio solving\n";);
+                select_next_node(m_root.get(), status::active, best); // If no open nodes, only then consider active nodes for selection
             }
-            auto res = activate_from_root(n);
-            if (res)
-                return res;
 
-            auto p = n->parent();
-            while (p) {
-                if (p->left() && p->left()->get_status() == status::closed &&
-                    p->right() && p->right()->get_status() == status::closed) {
-                    if (p->get_status() != status::closed) 
-                        return nullptr; // inconsistent state
-                    n = p;
-                    p = n->parent();
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (n == p->left()) {
-                    res = activate_from_root(p->right());
-                    if (res)
-                        return res;
-                }
-                else {
-                    VERIFY(n == p->right());
-                    res = activate_from_root(p->left());
-                    if (res)
-                        return res;
-                }
-                n = p;
-                p = n->parent();
-            }
-            return nullptr;
+            if (!best.n)
+                return nullptr;
+            best.n->mark_new_activation();
+            return best.n;
         }
 
-        node<Config> *find_active_node() {
-            return m_root->find_active_node();
+        node<Config>* activate_root() {
+            if (m_root->get_status() == status::closed)
+                return nullptr;
+            m_root->mark_new_activation();
+            return m_root.get();
+        }
+
+        void find_nonclosed_nodes_with_literal(literal const& lit, ptr_vector<node<Config>>& out) {
+            find_nonclosed_nodes_with_literal_rec(m_root.get(), lit, out);
+        }
+
+        void find_nonclosed_nodes_with_literal_rec(node<Config>* n, literal const& lit, ptr_vector<node<Config>>& out) {
+            if (!n)
+                return;
+
+            if (!Config::literal_is_null(n->get_literal()) && n->get_literal() == lit && n->get_status() != status::closed)
+                out.push_back(n);
+
+            find_nonclosed_nodes_with_literal_rec(n->left(), lit, out);
+            find_nonclosed_nodes_with_literal_rec(n->right(), lit, out);
+        }
+
+        void dec_active_workers(node<Config>* n) {
+            if (!n)
+                return;
+            n->dec_active_workers();
+        }
+
+        bool is_lease_canceled(node<Config>* n) const {
+            return !n || n->get_status() == status::closed;
         }
 
         vector<literal> const &get_core_from_root() const {
diff --git a/src/util/sign.h b/src/util/sign.h
index 5221b3f684..8c21716495 100644
--- a/src/util/sign.h
+++ b/src/util/sign.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Author:
 #pragma once
 
 typedef enum { sign_neg = -1, sign_zero = 0, sign_pos = 1} sign;
-static inline sign operator-(sign s) { switch (s) { case sign_neg: return sign_pos; case sign_pos: return sign_neg; default: return sign_zero; } };
+static inline sign operator-(sign s) { switch (s) { case sign_neg: return sign_pos; case sign_pos: return sign_neg; default: return sign_zero; } }
 static inline sign to_sign(int s) { return s == 0 ? sign_zero : (s > 0 ? sign_pos : sign_neg); }
 static inline sign operator*(sign a, sign b) { return to_sign((int)a * (int)b); }
 static inline bool is_zero(sign s) { return s == sign_zero; }
diff --git a/src/util/sorting_network.h b/src/util/sorting_network.h
index e77757aeaa..0a91f7a85e 100644
--- a/src/util/sorting_network.h
+++ b/src/util/sorting_network.h
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ Notes:
                 bits++;
                 w_max >>= 1;
             }
-            unsigned pow = (1ul << (bits-1));
+            unsigned pow = bits > 0 ? (1u << (bits-1)) : 0;
             unsigned a = (k + pow - 1) / pow; // a*pow >= k
             SASSERT(a*pow >= k);
             SASSERT((a-1)*pow < k);
diff --git a/src/util/symbol_table.h b/src/util/symbol_table.h
index 5d2cce7268..c6dbb9f827 100644
--- a/src/util/symbol_table.h
+++ b/src/util/symbol_table.h
@@ -30,17 +30,6 @@ class symbol_table {
     struct key_data {
         symbol   m_key;
         T        m_data;
-     
-        key_data() = default;
-
-        explicit key_data(symbol k):
-            m_key(k) {
-        }
-        
-        key_data(symbol k, const T & d):
-            m_key(k), 
-            m_data(d) {
-        }
     };
 
     struct key_data_hash_proc { 
@@ -129,7 +118,7 @@ public:
     }
     
     bool contains(symbol key) const { 
-        return m_sym_table.contains(key_data(key)); 
+        return m_sym_table.contains(key_data{key});
     }
 
     unsigned get_scope_level() const { 
@@ -148,11 +137,11 @@ public:
                 m_trail_stack.push_back(dummy);
                 key_data & new_entry = m_trail_stack.back();
                 new_entry.m_key = symbol::mark(new_entry.m_key);
-                m_sym_table.insert(key_data(key, data));
+                m_sym_table.insert(key_data{key, data});
             }
         }
         else {
-            m_sym_table.insert(key_data(key, data));
+            m_sym_table.insert(key_data{key, data});
         }
     }
     
diff --git a/src/util/timeout.cpp b/src/util/timeout.cpp
index c030c2ec64..f640db1a5c 100644
--- a/src/util/timeout.cpp
+++ b/src/util/timeout.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Revision History:
 
 --*/
 #include<iostream>
+#include<signal.h>
 #include "util/util.h"
 #include "util/timeout.h"
 #include "util/error_codes.h"
@@ -29,15 +30,28 @@ Revision History:
 static scoped_timer * g_timeout = nullptr;
 static void (* g_on_timeout)() = nullptr;
 
+static void do_timeout() {
+    std::cout << "timeout\n";
+    std::cout.flush();
+    if (g_on_timeout)
+        g_on_timeout();
+}
+
+#ifdef SIGXCPU
+// React to SIGXCPU (an external CPU limit, e.g. ulimit -t) like a -T timeout.
+static void STD_CALL on_sigxcpu(int) {
+    signal(SIGXCPU, SIG_DFL);
+    do_timeout();
+    raise(SIGXCPU);
+}
+#endif
+
 namespace {
 class g_timeout_eh : public event_handler {
 public:
     void operator()(event_handler_caller_t caller_id) override {
         m_caller_id = caller_id;
-        std::cout << "timeout\n";
-        std::cout.flush();
-        if (g_on_timeout)
-            g_on_timeout();
+        do_timeout();
         throw z3_error(ERR_TIMEOUT);
     }
 };
@@ -56,4 +70,8 @@ void disable_timeout() {
 
 void register_on_timeout_proc(void (*proc)()) {
     g_on_timeout = proc;
+#ifdef SIGXCPU
+    // Handle external CPU limits (SIGXCPU) like our own timeouts.
+    signal(SIGXCPU, on_sigxcpu);
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/src/util/trace_tags.def b/src/util/trace_tags.def
index 8eefa1d04d..d343b23042 100644
--- a/src/util/trace_tags.def
+++ b/src/util/trace_tags.def
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ X(ctx_propagate_assertions, assert_eq_bug, "assert eq bug")
 X(ctx_solver_simplify_tactic, ctx_solver_simplify_tactic, "ctx solver simplify tactic")
 
 X(default_qm_plugin, default_qm_plugin, "default qm plugin")
+X(default_qm_plugin, ho_matching, "ho matching")
 X(default_qm_plugin, mam_stats, "mam stats")
 X(default_qm_plugin, quantifier, "quantifier")
 
@@ -70,6 +71,8 @@ X(eq_der, top_sort, "top sort")
 X(expr_substitution_simplifier, expr_substitution_simplifier, "expr substitution simplifier")
 X(expr_substitution_simplifier, propagate_values, "propagate values")
 
+X(finite_set, finite_set, "finite set")
+
 X(fm_model_converter, fm_model_converter, "fm model converter")
 X(fm_model_converter, fm_mc, "fm mc")
 
@@ -540,6 +543,7 @@ X(Global, isolate_roots_bug, "isolate roots bug")
 X(Global, ite_bug, "ite bug")
 X(Global, lar_solver_feas, "lar solver feas")
 X(Global, lar_solver_inf_heap, "lar solver inf heap")
+X(Global, lar_solver_restore, "lar solver restore")
 X(Global, Lazard, "Lazard")
 X(Global, lcm_bug, "lcm bug")
 X(Global, le_bug, "le bug")
diff --git a/src/util/trail.h b/src/util/trail.h
index 43e6982342..5b96fdad08 100644
--- a/src/util/trail.h
+++ b/src/util/trail.h
@@ -423,4 +423,13 @@ public:
         m_scopes.shrink(new_lvl);
         m_region.pop_scope(num_scopes);
     }
+
+    unsigned size() const {
+        return m_trail_stack.size();
+    }
+
+    void shrink(unsigned new_size) {
+        SASSERT(new_size <= m_trail_stack.size());
+        m_trail_stack.shrink(new_size);
+    }
 };
diff --git a/src/util/util.h b/src/util/util.h
index 7b69ec921f..189629e7f2 100644
--- a/src/util/util.h
+++ b/src/util/util.h
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ public:
     scoped_ptr& operator=(scoped_ptr&& other) noexcept {
         *this = other.detach();
         return *this;
-    };
+    }
 
     T * detach() {
         T* tmp = m_ptr;
diff --git a/src/util/vector.h b/src/util/vector.h
index 8d1632cedc..41f81fc953 100644
--- a/src/util/vector.h
+++ b/src/util/vector.h
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<typename Args>
-    void resize(SZ s, Args args...) {
+    void resize(SZ s, Args const& args) {
         SZ sz = size();
         if (s <= sz) { shrink(s); return; }
         while (s > capacity()) {
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ public:
         iterator it  = m_data + sz;
         iterator end = m_data + s;
         for (; it != end; ++it) {
-            new (it) T(std::forward<Args>(args));
+            new (it) T(args);
         }
     }