diff --git a/src/ast/ast.cpp b/src/ast/ast.cpp
index d56bb73ff..59efb2a89 100644
--- a/src/ast/ast.cpp
+++ b/src/ast/ast.cpp
@@ -316,7 +316,8 @@ func_decl::func_decl(symbol const & name, unsigned arity, sort * const * domain,
     decl(AST_FUNC_DECL, name, info),
     m_arity(arity),
     m_range(range) {
-    memcpy(const_cast<sort **>(get_domain()), domain, sizeof(sort *) * arity);
+    if (arity != 0)
+        memcpy(const_cast<sort **>(get_domain()), domain, sizeof(sort *) * arity);
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------
@@ -378,8 +379,10 @@ quantifier::quantifier(bool forall, unsigned num_decls, sort * const * decl_sort
 
     memcpy(const_cast<sort **>(get_decl_sorts()), decl_sorts, sizeof(sort *) * num_decls);
     memcpy(const_cast<symbol*>(get_decl_names()), decl_names, sizeof(symbol) * num_decls);
-    memcpy(const_cast<expr **>(get_patterns()), patterns, sizeof(expr *) * num_patterns);
-    memcpy(const_cast<expr **>(get_no_patterns()), no_patterns, sizeof(expr *) * num_no_patterns);
+    if (num_patterns != 0)
+        memcpy(const_cast<expr **>(get_patterns()), patterns, sizeof(expr *) * num_patterns);
+    if (num_no_patterns != 0)
+        memcpy(const_cast<expr **>(get_no_patterns()), no_patterns, sizeof(expr *) * num_no_patterns);
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------
diff --git a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.cpp b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.cpp
index 8f4c55392..638c83642 100644
--- a/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.cpp
+++ b/src/math/polynomial/polynomial.cpp
@@ -542,6 +542,7 @@ namespace polynomial {
                 increase_capacity(sz * 2);
             SASSERT(sz < m_capacity);
             m_ptr->m_size = sz;
+            if (sz == 0) return;
             memcpy(m_ptr->m_powers, pws, sizeof(power) * sz);
         }
         
diff --git a/src/smt/smt_justification.cpp b/src/smt/smt_justification.cpp
index 81f496187..de3594fcc 100644
--- a/src/smt/smt_justification.cpp
+++ b/src/smt/smt_justification.cpp
@@ -308,7 +308,8 @@ namespace smt {
         simple_justification(r, num_lits, lits),
         m_num_eqs(num_eqs) {
         m_eqs = new (r) enode_pair[num_eqs];
-        memcpy(m_eqs, eqs, sizeof(enode_pair) * num_eqs);
+        if (num_eqs != 0)
+            memcpy(m_eqs, eqs, sizeof(enode_pair) * num_eqs);
         DEBUG_CODE({
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_eqs; i++) {
                 SASSERT(eqs[i].first->get_root() == eqs[i].second->get_root());
diff --git a/src/util/hash.cpp b/src/util/hash.cpp
index 8b7530376..41c4db584 100644
--- a/src/util/hash.cpp
+++ b/src/util/hash.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Revision History:
 // I'm using Bob Jenkin's hash function.
 // http://burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/doobs.html
 unsigned string_hash(const char * str, unsigned length, unsigned init_value) {
-    register unsigned a, b, c, len;
+    unsigned a, b, c, len;
 
     /* Set up the internal state */
     len = length;
diff --git a/src/util/inf_int_rational.cpp b/src/util/inf_int_rational.cpp
index 54a838a75..7bc68e641 100644
--- a/src/util/inf_int_rational.cpp
+++ b/src/util/inf_int_rational.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ Revision History:
 #include<sstream>
 #include"inf_int_rational.h"
 
-inf_int_rational inf_int_rational::m_zero(0);
-inf_int_rational inf_int_rational::m_one(1);
-inf_int_rational inf_int_rational::m_minus_one(-1);
+inf_int_rational inf_int_rational::m_zero;
+inf_int_rational inf_int_rational::m_one;
+inf_int_rational inf_int_rational::m_minus_one;
 
 std::string inf_int_rational::to_string() const {
     if (m_second == 0) {
@@ -39,3 +39,22 @@ std::string inf_int_rational::to_string() const {
     return s.str();
 }
 
+void initialize_inf_int_rational() {
+  inf_int_rational::init();
+}
+
+void inf_int_rational::init() {
+  m_zero.m_first = rational::zero();
+  m_one.m_first = rational::one();
+  m_minus_one.m_first = rational::minus_one();
+}
+
+void finalize_inf_int_rational() {
+  inf_int_rational::finalize();
+}
+
+void inf_int_rational::finalize() {
+  m_zero.~inf_int_rational();
+  m_one.~inf_int_rational();
+  m_minus_one.~inf_int_rational();
+}
diff --git a/src/util/inf_int_rational.h b/src/util/inf_int_rational.h
index b1b1fb89f..06cbc1267 100644
--- a/src/util/inf_int_rational.h
+++ b/src/util/inf_int_rational.h
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ class inf_int_rational {
     rational m_first;
     int      m_second;
  public:
+    static void init(); // called from rational::initialize() only
+    static void finalize();  // called from rational::finalize() only
 
     unsigned hash() const { 
         return m_first.hash() ^ (static_cast<unsigned>(m_second) + 1);
@@ -272,7 +274,7 @@ class inf_int_rational {
             if (r.m_second >= 0) {
                 return r.m_first;
             }
-            return r.m_first - rational(1);
+            return r.m_first - rational::one();
         }
         
         return floor(r.m_first);
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ class inf_int_rational {
             if (r.m_second <= 0) {
                 return r.m_first;
             }
-            return r.m_first + rational(1);
+            return r.m_first + rational::one();
         }
         
         return ceil(r.m_first);
diff --git a/src/util/inf_rational.cpp b/src/util/inf_rational.cpp
index 3837d2c15..0b043e94d 100644
--- a/src/util/inf_rational.cpp
+++ b/src/util/inf_rational.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ Revision History:
 --*/
 #include"inf_rational.h"
 
-inf_rational inf_rational::m_zero(0);
-inf_rational inf_rational::m_one(1);
-inf_rational inf_rational::m_minus_one(-1);
+inf_rational inf_rational::m_zero;
+inf_rational inf_rational::m_one;
+inf_rational inf_rational::m_minus_one;
 
 inf_rational inf_mult(inf_rational const& r1, inf_rational const& r2) 
 {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ inf_rational inf_power(inf_rational const& r, unsigned n)
         // 0 will work.
     }
     else if (r.m_first.is_zero()) {
-        result.m_first = rational(-1);        
+        result.m_first = rational::minus_one();
     }
     else if (r.m_first.is_pos()) {
         result.m_first = rational(r.m_first - r.m_first/rational(2)).expt(n);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ inf_rational sup_power(inf_rational const& r, unsigned n)
         result.m_first = r.m_first.expt(n);
     }
     else if (r.m_first.is_zero() || (n == 0)) {
-        result.m_first = rational(1);        
+        result.m_first = rational::one();
     }
     else if (r.m_first.is_pos() || is_even) {
         result.m_first = rational(r.m_first + r.m_first/rational(2)).expt(n);
@@ -177,3 +177,23 @@ inf_rational sup_root(inf_rational const& r, unsigned n)
     // use r.
     return r;
 }
+
+void initialize_inf_rational() {
+    inf_rational::init();
+}
+
+void inf_rational::init() {
+    m_zero.m_first = rational::zero();
+    m_one.m_first = rational::one();
+    m_minus_one.m_first = rational::minus_one();
+}
+
+void finalize_inf_rational() {
+    inf_rational::finalize();
+}
+
+void inf_rational::finalize() {
+    m_zero.~inf_rational();
+    m_one.~inf_rational();
+    m_minus_one.~inf_rational();
+}
diff --git a/src/util/inf_rational.h b/src/util/inf_rational.h
index e1060a7b0..b832b8793 100644
--- a/src/util/inf_rational.h
+++ b/src/util/inf_rational.h
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ class inf_rational {
     rational m_first;
     rational m_second;
  public:
+    static void init(); // called from rational::initialize() only
+    static void finalize();  // called from rational::finalize() only
 
     unsigned hash() const { 
         return m_first.hash() ^ (m_second.hash()+1);
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ class inf_rational {
 
     struct hash_proc {  unsigned operator()(inf_rational const& r) const { return r.hash(); }  };
 
-	struct eq_proc { bool operator()(inf_rational const& r1, inf_rational const& r2) const { return r1 == r2; } };
+    struct eq_proc { bool operator()(inf_rational const& r1, inf_rational const& r2) const { return r1 == r2; } };
 
     void swap(inf_rational & n) { 
         m_first.swap(n.m_first);
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ class inf_rational {
 
     explicit inf_rational(rational const& r, bool pos_inf):
         m_first(r),
-        m_second(pos_inf?rational(1):rational(-1))
+        m_second(pos_inf ? rational::one() : rational::minus_one())
     {}
 
     inf_rational(rational const& r):
@@ -313,7 +315,7 @@ class inf_rational {
             if (r.m_second.is_nonneg()) {
                 return r.m_first;
             }
-            return r.m_first - rational(1);
+            return r.m_first - rational::one();
         }
         
         return floor(r.m_first);
@@ -324,7 +326,7 @@ class inf_rational {
             if (r.m_second.is_nonpos()) {
                 return r.m_first;
             }
-            return r.m_first + rational(1);
+            return r.m_first + rational::one();
         }
         
         return ceil(r.m_first);
diff --git a/src/util/rational.cpp b/src/util/rational.cpp
index 743038972..43dc9110a 100644
--- a/src/util/rational.cpp
+++ b/src/util/rational.cpp
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ rational             rational::m_one;
 rational             rational::m_minus_one;
 vector<rational>     rational::m_powers_of_two;
 
-void mk_power_up_to(vector<rational> & pws, unsigned n) {
+static void mk_power_up_to(vector<rational> & pws, unsigned n) {
     if (pws.empty()) {
-        pws.push_back(rational(1));
+        pws.push_back(rational::one());
     }
     unsigned sz = pws.size();
     rational curr = pws[sz - 1];
@@ -53,16 +53,28 @@ rational rational::power_of_two(unsigned k) {
     return result;
 }
 
+// in inf_rational.cpp
+void initialize_inf_rational();
+void finalize_inf_rational();
+
+// in inf_int_rational.cpp
+void initialize_inf_int_rational();
+void finalize_inf_int_rational();
+
 void rational::initialize() {
     if (!g_mpq_manager) {
         g_mpq_manager = alloc(synch_mpq_manager);
         m().set(m_zero.m_val, 0);
         m().set(m_one.m_val, 1);
         m().set(m_minus_one.m_val, -1);
+        initialize_inf_rational();
+        initialize_inf_int_rational();
     }
 }
 
 void rational::finalize() {
+    finalize_inf_rational();
+    finalize_inf_int_rational();
     m_powers_of_two.finalize();
     m_zero.~rational();
     m_one.~rational();