diff --git a/src/sat/sat_clause.h b/src/sat/sat_clause.h
index 27a0ed739..11824b247 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_clause.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_clause.h
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ namespace sat {
         bool check_approx() const; // for debugging
         literal * begin() { return m_lits; }
         literal * end() { return m_lits + m_size; }
+        literal const * begin() const { return m_lits; }
+        literal const * end() const { return m_lits + m_size; }
         bool contains(literal l) const;
         bool contains(bool_var v) const;
         bool satisfied_by(model const & m) const;
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_solver.cpp b/src/sat/sat_solver.cpp
index 6f117de72..e45373b5c 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_solver.cpp
@@ -3004,7 +3004,8 @@ namespace sat {
     // Iterators
     //
     // -----------------------
-    void solver::collect_bin_clauses(svector<bin_clause> & r, bool learned) const {
+    void solver::collect_bin_clauses(svector<bin_clause> & r, bool learned, bool learned_only) const {
+        SASSERT(learned || !learned_only);  
         unsigned sz = m_watches.size();
         for (unsigned l_idx = 0; l_idx < sz; l_idx++) {
             literal l = to_literal(l_idx);
@@ -3017,6 +3018,8 @@ namespace sat {
                     continue;
                 if (!learned && it->is_learned())
                     continue;
+                else if (learned && learned_only && !it->is_learned()) 
+                    continue;
                 literal l2 = it->get_literal();
                 if (l.index() > l2.index())
                     continue;
@@ -3327,7 +3330,6 @@ namespace sat {
         m_user_bin_clauses.reset();
         m_binary_clause_graph.reset();
         collect_bin_clauses(m_user_bin_clauses, true);
-        collect_bin_clauses(m_user_bin_clauses, false);
         hashtable<literal_pair, pair_hash<literal_hash, literal_hash>, default_eq<literal_pair> > seen_bc;
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_user_bin_clauses.size(); ++i) {
             literal l1 = m_user_bin_clauses[i].first;
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_solver.h b/src/sat/sat_solver.h
index ea8246466..348e1cd22 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/sat_solver.h
@@ -586,7 +586,8 @@ namespace sat {
         clause * const * end_clauses() const { return m_clauses.end(); }
         clause * const * begin_learned() const { return m_learned.begin(); }
         clause * const * end_learned() const { return m_learned.end(); }
-        void collect_bin_clauses(svector<bin_clause> & r, bool learned) const;
+        clause_vector const& learned() const { return m_learned; }
+        void collect_bin_clauses(svector<bin_clause> & r, bool learned, bool learned_only = false) const;
 
         // -----------------------
         //
diff --git a/src/sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.cpp b/src/sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.cpp
index c636c3f2a..eb931d428 100644
--- a/src/sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/sat_solver/inc_sat_solver.cpp
@@ -302,6 +302,15 @@ public:
         }
         return expr_ref(lit2expr[l.index()].get(), m);
     }
+    virtual void get_lemmas(expr_ref_vector & lemmas) { 
+        IF_VERBOSE(1, verbose_stream() << "(sat-get-lemmas " << lemmas.size() << ")\n";);
+        if (!m_internalized) return;
+        sat2goal s2g;
+        goal g(m, false, false, false);
+        s2g.get_learned(m_solver, m_map, m_params, lemmas);
+        // TBD: handle externals properly.
+    }
+
 
     virtual lbool get_consequences_core(expr_ref_vector const& assumptions, expr_ref_vector const& vars, expr_ref_vector& conseq) {
         init_preprocess();
@@ -426,9 +435,9 @@ public:
         g.get_formulas(m_internalized_fmls);
         // g.display(std::cout);
         m_internalized_converted = true;
- //       if (mc) mc->display(std::cout << "mc");
- //       if (m_mc) m_mc->display(std::cout << "m_mc\n");
- //       if (m_mc0) m_mc0->display(std::cout << "m_mc0\n");
+        // if (mc) mc->display(std::cout << "mc");
+        // if (m_mc) m_mc->display(std::cout << "m_mc\n");
+        // if (m_mc0) m_mc0->display(std::cout << "m_mc0\n");
     }
 
     void init_preprocess() {
diff --git a/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.cpp b/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.cpp
index 6604bab89..cb4a19e89 100644
--- a/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ Notes:
 #include"model_v2_pp.h"
 #include"tactic.h"
 #include"ast_pp.h"
+#include"ast_util.h"
 #include"pb_decl_plugin.h"
 #include"card_extension.h"
 #include<sstream>
@@ -1143,7 +1144,6 @@ struct sat2goal::imp {
         assert_clauses(s, s.begin_clauses(), s.end_clauses(), r, true);
         assert_clauses(s, s.begin_learned(), s.end_learned(), r, false);
 
-        // TBD: collect assertions from plugin
         sat::card_extension* ext = get_card_extension(s);
         if (ext) {
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < ext->num_pb(); ++i) {
@@ -1158,6 +1158,73 @@ struct sat2goal::imp {
         }
     }
 
+    void add_clause(sat::literal_vector const& lits, expr_ref_vector& lemmas) {
+        expr_ref_vector lemma(m);
+        for (sat::literal l : lits) {
+            expr* e = m_lit2expr.get(l.index(), 0);
+            if (!e) return;
+            lemma.push_back(e);
+        }
+        lemmas.push_back(mk_or(lemma));
+    }
+
+    void add_clause(sat::clause const& c, expr_ref_vector& lemmas) {
+        expr_ref_vector lemma(m);
+        for (sat::literal l : c) {
+            expr* e = m_lit2expr.get(l.index(), 0);
+            if (!e) return;
+            lemma.push_back(e);
+        }
+        lemmas.push_back(mk_or(lemma));
+    }
+
+    void get_learned(sat::solver const& s, atom2bool_var const& map, expr_ref_vector& lemmas) {
+        if (s.inconsistent()) {
+            lemmas.push_back(m.mk_false());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        unsigned num_vars = s.num_vars();
+        m_lit2expr.resize(num_vars * 2);
+        map.mk_inv(m_lit2expr);
+
+        sat::literal_vector lits;
+        // collect units
+        for (sat::bool_var v = 0; v < num_vars; v++) {
+            checkpoint();
+            lits.reset();
+            switch (s.value(v)) {
+            case l_true:
+                lits.push_back(sat::literal(v, false));
+                add_clause(lits, lemmas);
+                break;
+            case l_false:
+                lits.push_back(sat::literal(v, false));
+                add_clause(lits, lemmas);
+                break;
+            case l_undef:
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // collect learned binary clauses
+        svector<sat::solver::bin_clause> bin_clauses;
+        s.collect_bin_clauses(bin_clauses, true, true);
+        svector<sat::solver::bin_clause>::iterator it  = bin_clauses.begin();
+        svector<sat::solver::bin_clause>::iterator end = bin_clauses.end();
+        for (; it != end; ++it) {
+            checkpoint();
+            lits.reset();
+            lits.push_back(it->first);
+            lits.push_back(it->second);
+            add_clause(lits, lemmas);
+        }
+        // collect clauses
+        for (sat::clause const* c : s.learned()) {
+            add_clause(*c, lemmas);
+        }
+    }
+
+
 };
 
 sat2goal::sat2goal():m_imp(0) {
@@ -1186,3 +1253,9 @@ void sat2goal::operator()(sat::solver const & t, atom2bool_var const & m, params
     proc(t, m, g, mc);
 }
 
+void sat2goal::get_learned(sat::solver const & t, atom2bool_var const & m, params_ref const& p, expr_ref_vector& lemmas) {
+    imp proc(lemmas.get_manager(), p);
+    scoped_set_imp set(this, &proc);
+    proc.get_learned(t, m, lemmas);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.h b/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.h
index cd63cd497..5bfb28f60 100644
--- a/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.h
+++ b/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.h
@@ -85,6 +85,13 @@ public:
        or memory consumption limit is reached (set with param :max-memory).
     */
     void operator()(sat::solver const & t, atom2bool_var const & m, params_ref const & p, goal & s, model_converter_ref & mc);
+
+
+    /**
+       \brief extract learned clauses only that are in the domain of m.
+       
+     */
+    void get_learned(sat::solver const& s, atom2bool_var const& m, params_ref const& p, expr_ref_vector& learned);
     
 };
 
diff --git a/src/tactic/portfolio/bounded_int2bv_solver.cpp b/src/tactic/portfolio/bounded_int2bv_solver.cpp
index cee8688e5..3645ba97a 100644
--- a/src/tactic/portfolio/bounded_int2bv_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/portfolio/bounded_int2bv_solver.cpp
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ public:
     virtual void get_labels(svector<symbol> & r) { m_solver->get_labels(r); }
     virtual ast_manager& get_manager() const { return m;  }
     virtual expr_ref lookahead(expr_ref_vector& candidates) { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->lookahead(candidates); }
+    virtual void get_lemmas(expr_ref_vector & lemmas) { flush_assertions(); m_solver->get_lemmas(lemmas); }
     virtual lbool find_mutexes(expr_ref_vector const& vars, vector<expr_ref_vector>& mutexes) { return m_solver->find_mutexes(vars, mutexes); }
     virtual lbool get_consequences_core(expr_ref_vector const& asms, expr_ref_vector const& vars, expr_ref_vector& consequences) {
         flush_assertions();
diff --git a/src/tactic/portfolio/enum2bv_solver.cpp b/src/tactic/portfolio/enum2bv_solver.cpp
index ef7ee6cd8..a40f2988a 100644
--- a/src/tactic/portfolio/enum2bv_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/portfolio/enum2bv_solver.cpp
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ public:
     virtual ast_manager& get_manager() const { return m;  }
     virtual lbool find_mutexes(expr_ref_vector const& vars, vector<expr_ref_vector>& mutexes) { return m_solver->find_mutexes(vars, mutexes); }
     virtual expr_ref lookahead(expr_ref_vector& candidates) { return m_solver->lookahead(candidates); }
+    virtual void get_lemmas(expr_ref_vector & lemmas) { m_solver->get_lemmas(lemmas); }
     
     virtual lbool get_consequences_core(expr_ref_vector const& asms, expr_ref_vector const& vars, expr_ref_vector& consequences) {
         datatype_util dt(m);
diff --git a/src/tactic/portfolio/pb2bv_solver.cpp b/src/tactic/portfolio/pb2bv_solver.cpp
index 673db03c0..8bf6b7e39 100644
--- a/src/tactic/portfolio/pb2bv_solver.cpp
+++ b/src/tactic/portfolio/pb2bv_solver.cpp
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ public:
     virtual void get_labels(svector<symbol> & r) { m_solver->get_labels(r); }
     virtual ast_manager& get_manager() const { return m;  }
     virtual expr_ref lookahead(expr_ref_vector& candidates) { flush_assertions(); return m_solver->lookahead(candidates); }
+    virtual void get_lemmas(expr_ref_vector & lemmas) { flush_assertions(); m_solver->get_lemmas(lemmas); }
     virtual lbool find_mutexes(expr_ref_vector const& vars, vector<expr_ref_vector>& mutexes) { return m_solver->find_mutexes(vars, mutexes); }    
     virtual lbool get_consequences_core(expr_ref_vector const& asms, expr_ref_vector const& vars, expr_ref_vector& consequences) {
         flush_assertions();