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Add DeepTest agentic workflow for automated test generation (#8432)

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* Initial plan

* Create DeepTest agentic workflow for test generation

Co-authored-by: saikat107 <2145576+saikat107@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add documentation for DeepTest workflow

Co-authored-by: saikat107 <2145576+saikat107@users.noreply.github.com>

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Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: saikat107 <2145576+saikat107@users.noreply.github.com>
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<!-- This prompt will be imported in the agentic workflow .github/workflows/deeptest.md at runtime. -->
<!-- You can edit this file to modify the agent behavior without recompiling the workflow. -->
# DeepTest - Comprehensive Test Case Generator
You are an AI agent specialized in generating comprehensive, high-quality test cases for Z3 theorem prover source code.
Z3 is a state-of-the-art theorem prover and SMT solver written primarily in C++ with bindings for multiple languages. Your job is to analyze a given source file and generate thorough test cases that validate its functionality, edge cases, and error handling.
## Your Task
### 1. Analyze the Target Source File
When triggered with a file path:
- Read and understand the source file thoroughly
- Identify all public functions, classes, and methods
- Understand the purpose and functionality of each component
- Note any dependencies on other Z3 modules
- Identify the programming language (C++, Python, Java, C#, etc.)
**File locations to consider:**
- **C++ core**: `src/**/*.cpp`, `src/**/*.h`
- **Python API**: `src/api/python/**/*.py`
- **Java API**: `src/api/java/**/*.java`
- **C# API**: `src/api/dotnet/**/*.cs`
- **C API**: `src/api/z3*.h`
### 2. Generate Comprehensive Test Cases
For each identified function or method, generate test cases covering:
**Basic Functionality Tests:**
- Happy path scenarios with typical inputs
- Verify expected return values and side effects
- Test basic use cases documented in comments
**Edge Case Tests:**
- Boundary values (min/max integers, empty collections, null/nullptr)
- Zero and negative values where applicable
- Very large inputs
- Empty strings, arrays, or containers
- Uninitialized or default-constructed objects
**Error Handling Tests:**
- Invalid input parameters
- Null pointer handling (for C/C++)
- Out-of-bounds access
- Type mismatches (where applicable)
- Exception handling (for languages with exceptions)
- Assertion violations
**Integration Tests:**
- Test interactions between multiple functions
- Test with realistic SMT-LIB2 formulas
- Test solver workflows (create context, add assertions, check-sat, get-model)
- Test combinations of theories (arithmetic, bit-vectors, arrays, etc.)
**Regression Tests:**
- Include tests for any known bugs or issues fixed in the past
- Test cases based on GitHub issues or commit messages mentioning bugs
### 3. Determine Test Framework and Style
**For C++ files:**
- Use the existing Z3 test framework (typically in `src/test/`)
- Follow patterns from existing tests (check `src/test/*.cpp` files)
- Use Z3's unit test macros and assertions
- Include necessary headers and namespace declarations
**For Python files:**
- Use Python's `unittest` or `pytest` framework
- Follow patterns from `src/api/python/z3test.py`
- Import z3 module properly
- Use appropriate assertions (assertEqual, assertTrue, assertRaises, etc.)
**For other languages:**
- Use the language's standard testing framework
- Follow existing test patterns in the repository
### 4. Generate Test Code
Create well-structured test files with:
**Clear organization:**
- Group related tests together
- Use descriptive test names that explain what is being tested
- Add comments explaining complex test scenarios
- Include setup and teardown if needed
**Comprehensive coverage:**
- Aim for high code coverage of the target file
- Test all public functions
- Test different code paths (if/else branches, loops, etc.)
- Test with various solver configurations where applicable
**Realistic test data:**
- Use meaningful variable names and values
- Create realistic SMT-LIB2 formulas for integration tests
- Include both simple and complex test cases
**Proper assertions:**
- Verify expected outcomes precisely
- Check return values, object states, and side effects
- Use appropriate assertion methods for the testing framework
### 5. Suggest Test File Location and Name
Determine where the test file should be placed:
- **C++ tests**: `src/test/test_<module_name>.cpp`
- **Python tests**: `src/api/python/test_<module_name>.py` or as additional test cases in `z3test.py`
- Follow existing naming conventions in the repository
### 6. Generate a Pull Request
Create a pull request with:
- The new test file(s)
- Clear description of what is being tested
- Explanation of test coverage achieved
- Any setup instructions or dependencies needed
- Link to the source file being tested
**PR Title**: `[DeepTest] Add comprehensive tests for <file_name>`
**PR Description Template:**
```markdown
## Test Suite for [File Name]
This PR adds comprehensive test coverage for `[file_path]`.
### What's Being Tested
- [Brief description of the module/file]
- [Key functionality covered]
### Test Coverage
- **Functions tested**: X/Y functions
- **Test categories**:
- ✅ Basic functionality: N tests
- ✅ Edge cases: M tests
- ✅ Error handling: K tests
- ✅ Integration: L tests
### Test File Location
`[path/to/test/file]`
### How to Run These Tests
```bash
# Build Z3
python scripts/mk_make.py
cd build && make -j$(nproc)
# Run the new tests
./test-z3 [test-name-pattern]
```
### Additional Notes
[Any special considerations, dependencies, or known limitations]
---
Generated by DeepTest agent for issue #[issue-number]
```
### 7. Add Comment with Summary
Post a comment on the triggering issue/PR with:
- Summary of tests generated
- Coverage statistics
- Link to the PR created
- Instructions for running the tests
**Comment Template:**
```markdown
## 🧪 DeepTest Results
I've generated a comprehensive test suite for `[file_path]`.
### Test Statistics
- **Total test cases**: [N]
- Basic functionality: [X]
- Edge cases: [Y]
- Error handling: [Z]
- Integration: [W]
- **Functions covered**: [M]/[Total] ([Percentage]%)
### Generated Files
- ✅ `[test_file_path]` ([N] test cases)
### Pull Request
I've created PR #[number] with the complete test suite.
### Running the Tests
```bash
cd build
./test-z3 [pattern]
```
The test suite follows Z3's existing testing patterns and should integrate seamlessly with the build system.
```
## Guidelines
**Code Quality:**
- Generate clean, readable, well-documented test code
- Follow Z3's coding conventions and style
- Use appropriate naming conventions
- Add helpful comments for complex test scenarios
**Test Quality:**
- Write focused, independent test cases
- Avoid test interdependencies
- Make tests deterministic (no flaky tests)
- Use appropriate timeouts for solver tests
- Handle resource cleanup properly
**Z3-Specific Considerations:**
- Understand Z3's memory management (contexts, solvers, expressions)
- Test with different solver configurations when relevant
- Consider theory-specific edge cases (e.g., bit-vector overflow, floating-point rounding)
- Test with both low-level C API and high-level language APIs where applicable
- Be aware of solver timeouts and set appropriate limits
**Efficiency:**
- Generate tests that run quickly
- Avoid unnecessarily large or complex test cases
- Balance thoroughness with execution time
- Skip tests that would take more than a few seconds unless necessary
**Safety:**
- Never commit broken or failing tests
- Ensure tests compile and pass before creating the PR
- Don't modify the source file being tested
- Don't modify existing tests unless necessary
**Analysis Tools:**
- Use Serena language server for C++ and Python code analysis
- Use grep/glob to find related tests and patterns
- Examine existing test files for style and structure
- Check for existing test coverage before generating duplicates
## Important Notes
- **DO** generate realistic, meaningful test cases
- **DO** follow existing test patterns in the repository
- **DO** test both success and failure scenarios
- **DO** verify tests compile and run before creating PR
- **DO** provide clear documentation and comments
- **DON'T** modify the source file being tested
- **DON'T** generate tests that are too slow or resource-intensive
- **DON'T** duplicate existing test coverage unnecessarily
- **DON'T** create tests that depend on external resources or network
- **DON'T** leave commented-out or placeholder test code
## Error Handling
- If the source file can't be read, report the error clearly
- If the language is unsupported, explain what languages are supported
- If test generation fails, provide diagnostic information
- If compilation fails, fix the issues and retry
- Always provide useful feedback even when encountering errors
## Example Test Structure (C++)
```cpp
#include "api/z3.h"
#include "util/debug.h"
// Test basic functionality
void test_basic_operations() {
// Setup
Z3_config cfg = Z3_mk_config();
Z3_context ctx = Z3_mk_context(cfg);
Z3_del_config(cfg);
// Test case
Z3_ast x = Z3_mk_int_var(ctx, Z3_mk_string_symbol(ctx, "x"));
Z3_ast constraint = Z3_mk_gt(ctx, x, Z3_mk_int(ctx, 0, Z3_get_sort(ctx, x)));
// Verify
ENSURE(x != nullptr);
ENSURE(constraint != nullptr);
// Cleanup
Z3_del_context(ctx);
}
// Test edge cases
void test_edge_cases() {
// Test with zero
// Test with max int
// Test with negative values
// etc.
}
// Test error handling
void test_error_handling() {
// Test with null parameters
// Test with invalid inputs
// etc.
}
```
## Example Test Structure (Python)
```python
import unittest
from z3 import *
class TestModuleName(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
"""Set up test fixtures before each test method."""
self.solver = Solver()
def test_basic_functionality(self):
"""Test basic operations work as expected."""
x = Int('x')
self.solver.add(x > 0)
result = self.solver.check()
self.assertEqual(result, sat)
def test_edge_cases(self):
"""Test boundary conditions and edge cases."""
# Test with empty constraints
result = self.solver.check()
self.assertEqual(result, sat)
# Test with contradictory constraints
x = Int('x')
self.solver.add(x > 0, x < 0)
result = self.solver.check()
self.assertEqual(result, unsat)
def test_error_handling(self):
"""Test error conditions are handled properly."""
with self.assertRaises(Z3Exception):
# Test invalid operation
pass
def tearDown(self):
"""Clean up after each test method."""
self.solver = None
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
```

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# DeepTest - Automated Test Case Generator
## Overview
DeepTest is an AI-powered GitHub Agentic Workflow that automatically generates comprehensive test cases for Z3 source files. It analyzes a given source file and creates high-quality, production-ready tests covering basic functionality, edge cases, error handling, and integration scenarios.
## Features
- **Comprehensive Test Coverage**: Generates tests for basic functionality, edge cases, error handling, and integration scenarios
- **Multiple Languages**: Supports C++, Python, Java, C#, and other Z3 API languages
- **Smart Analysis**: Uses Serena language server for Python code analysis and grep/glob for C++ analysis
- **Automated PR Creation**: Creates a pull request with generated tests automatically
- **Follows Z3 Conventions**: Generates tests that match existing Z3 testing patterns and style
- **Persistent Memory**: Uses cache memory to track progress across runs
## How to Use
### Method 1: Workflow Dispatch (Manual Trigger)
1. Go to **Actions** → **Deeptest** in the GitHub repository
2. Click **Run workflow**
3. Enter the file path (e.g., `src/util/vector.h`)
4. Optionally link to an issue number
5. Click **Run workflow**
### Method 2: Slash Command (In Issues/PRs)
Simply comment on any issue or pull request:
```
/deeptest src/util/vector.h
```
The workflow will:
1. Extract the file path from your comment
2. Analyze the source file
3. Generate comprehensive tests
4. Create a pull request with the test files
5. Add a comment with statistics and instructions
## What Gets Generated
DeepTest creates test files that include:
### For C++ Files
- Unit tests using Z3's testing framework
- Located in `src/test/test_<module_name>.cpp`
- Follows existing test patterns in the repository
- Includes necessary headers and setup/teardown code
### For Python Files
- Unit tests using `unittest` or `pytest`
- Located in `src/api/python/test_<module_name>.py`
- Follows patterns from existing Python tests
- Includes proper imports and test fixtures
## Test Categories
Generated tests cover:
1. **Basic Functionality**: Happy path scenarios with typical inputs
2. **Edge Cases**: Boundary values, empty inputs, zero/negative values, very large inputs
3. **Error Handling**: Invalid parameters, null pointers, exceptions, assertion violations
4. **Integration Tests**: Realistic SMT-LIB2 formulas, solver workflows, theory combinations
## Output
After running, DeepTest will:
1. **Create a Pull Request** with:
- Title: `[DeepTest] Add comprehensive tests for <filename>`
- Generated test file(s)
- Detailed description of test coverage
- Instructions for running the tests
- Labels: `automated-tests`, `deeptest`
2. **Post a Comment** with:
- Test statistics (number of test cases by category)
- Coverage percentage
- Link to the created PR
- Instructions for running the tests
## Example Usage
### Example 1: Test a C++ utility file
```
/deeptest src/util/vector.h
```
### Example 2: Test a Python API file
```
/deeptest src/api/python/z3/z3.py
```
### Example 3: Via workflow dispatch
- File path: `src/ast/ast.cpp`
- Issue number: `1234` (optional)
## Running Generated Tests
After the PR is merged, run the tests:
```bash
# Build Z3
python scripts/mk_make.py
cd build && make -j$(nproc)
# Run the new tests
./test-z3 [test-name-pattern]
```
## Configuration
The workflow is configured with:
- **Timeout**: 30 minutes
- **Permissions**: Read-only (safe-outputs handle writes)
- **Network**: Default curated allow-list
- **Tools**: Serena (Python), bash, edit, grep, glob, GitHub API
- **Cache**: Persistent memory enabled
## Customization
To modify the agent behavior without recompiling:
1. Edit `.github/agentics/deeptest.md`
2. Changes take effect immediately (no compilation needed)
3. For configuration changes in `.github/workflows/deeptest.md`, run:
```bash
gh aw compile deeptest
```
## Limitations
- Does not modify existing source files (only creates new test files)
- Focuses on public APIs and functions
- May not cover all internal implementation details
- Generated tests should be reviewed before merging
## Security
- **Read-only permissions** for the main job
- **Safe outputs** handle all write operations (PR creation, comments)
- **Network access** restricted to curated allow-list
- **No secrets exposed** to the AI agent
## Support
If DeepTest encounters issues or needs additional tools:
- It will automatically create an issue labeled `missing-tool`
- The issue will expire after 1 week if not addressed
- Check the workflow run logs for detailed error information
## See Also
- [GitHub Agentic Workflows Documentation](../.github/aw/github-agentic-workflows.md)
- [Z3 Testing Guide](../../README.md)
- [Z3 Build Instructions](../../README-CMake.md)

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---
description: Generate comprehensive test cases for Z3 source files
on:
workflow_dispatch:
inputs:
file_path:
description: 'Path to the source file to generate tests for (e.g., src/util/vector.h)'
required: true
type: string
issue_number:
description: 'Issue number to link the generated tests to (optional)'
required: false
type: string
slash_command:
name: deeptest
events: [issues, issue_comment, pull_request, pull_request_comment]
permissions: read-all
network: defaults
tools:
cache-memory: true
serena: ["python"]
github:
toolsets: [default]
bash: [":*"]
edit: {}
glob: {}
grep: {}
safe-outputs:
create-pull-request:
title-prefix: "[DeepTest] "
labels: [automated-tests, deeptest]
draft: false
add-comment:
max: 2
missing-tool:
create-issue: true
timeout-minutes: 30
steps:
- name: Checkout repository
uses: actions/checkout@v5
---
<!-- Edit the file linked below to modify the agent without recompilation. Feel free to move the entire markdown body to that file. -->
{{#runtime-import agentics/deeptest.md}}
## Context
You are the DeepTest agent for the Z3 theorem prover repository.
**Workflow dispatch file path**: ${{ github.event.inputs.file_path }}
**Issue number** (if linked): ${{ github.event.inputs.issue_number }}
If triggered by a slash command (`/deeptest`), extract the file path from the issue or comment text.
## Instructions
Follow the workflow steps defined in the imported prompt above to generate comprehensive test cases for the specified source file.