diff --git a/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.cpp b/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.cpp
index 71ec213af..abf8e5625 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/euf_ackerman.cpp
@@ -166,30 +166,33 @@ namespace euf {
         }
     }
 
-    void ackerman::add_cc(expr* _a, expr* _b) {        
+    void ackerman::add_cc(expr* _a, expr* _b) {     
+        flet<bool> _is_redundant(s.m_is_redundant, true);
         app* a = to_app(_a);
         app* b = to_app(_b);
         TRACE("ack", tout << mk_pp(a, m) << " " << mk_pp(b, m) << "\n";);
         sat::literal_vector lits;
         unsigned sz = a->get_num_args();
+        
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
             expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(a->get_arg(i), b->get_arg(i)), m);
-            lits.push_back(s.internalize(eq, true, false, true));
+            lits.push_back(~s.mk_literal(eq));
         }
         expr_ref eq(m.mk_eq(a, b), m);
-        lits.push_back(s.internalize(eq, false, false, true));
+        lits.push_back(s.mk_literal(eq));
         s.s().mk_clause(lits, sat::status::th(true, m.get_basic_family_id()));
     }
 
     void ackerman::add_eq(expr* a, expr* b, expr* c) {
+        flet<bool> _is_redundant(s.m_is_redundant, true);
         sat::literal lits[3];
         expr_ref eq1(m.mk_eq(a, c), m);
         expr_ref eq2(m.mk_eq(b, c), m);
         expr_ref eq3(m.mk_eq(a, b), m);
         TRACE("ack", tout << mk_pp(a, m) << " " << mk_pp(b, m) << " " << mk_pp(c, m) << "\n";);
-        lits[0] = s.internalize(eq1, true, false, true);
-        lits[1] = s.internalize(eq2, true, false, true);
-        lits[2] = s.internalize(eq3, false, false, true);
+        lits[0] = ~s.mk_literal(eq1);
+        lits[1] = ~s.mk_literal(eq2);
+        lits[2] = s.mk_literal(eq3);
         s.s().mk_clause(3, lits, sat::status::th(true, m.get_basic_family_id()));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/euf_internalize.cpp b/src/sat/smt/euf_internalize.cpp
index 614c56459..ef4450e38 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/euf_internalize.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/euf_internalize.cpp
@@ -41,15 +41,19 @@ namespace euf {
         euf::enode* n = get_enode(e);
         if (n) {
             if (m.is_bool(e)) {
-                VERIFY(!s().was_eliminated(n->bool_var()));
+                SASSERT(!s().was_eliminated(n->bool_var()));
                 SASSERT(n->bool_var() != UINT_MAX);
                 return literal(n->bool_var(), sign);
             }
             TRACE("euf", tout << "non-bool\n";);
             return sat::null_literal;
         }
-        if (si.is_bool_op(e))
-            return attach_lit(si.internalize(e, redundant), e);
+        if (si.is_bool_op(e)) {
+            sat::literal lit = attach_lit(si.internalize(e, redundant), e);
+            if (sign) 
+                lit.neg();
+            return lit;
+        }
         if (auto* ext = expr2solver(e))
             return ext->internalize(e, sign, root, redundant);
         if (!visit_rec(m, e, sign, root, redundant)) {
@@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ namespace euf {
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
                 for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < sz; ++j) {
                     expr_ref eq = mk_eq(args[i]->get_expr(), args[j]->get_expr());
-                    sat::literal lit = internalize(eq, false, false, m_is_redundant);
+                    sat::literal lit = mk_literal(eq);
                     lits.push_back(lit);
                 }
             }
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@ namespace euf {
                 expr_ref fapp(m.mk_app(f, arg), m);
                 expr_ref gapp(m.mk_app(g, fapp.get()), m);
                 expr_ref eq = mk_eq(gapp, arg);
-                sat::literal lit = internalize(eq, false, false, m_is_redundant);
+                sat::literal lit = mk_literal(eq);
                 s().add_clause(1, &lit, st);
                 eqs.push_back(mk_eq(fapp, a));
             }
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ namespace euf {
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
                 for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < sz; ++j) {
                     expr_ref eq = mk_eq(args[i]->get_expr(), args[j]->get_expr());
-                    sat::literal lit = internalize(eq, true, false, m_is_redundant);
+                    sat::literal lit = ~mk_literal(eq);
                     s().add_clause(1, &lit, st);
                     if (relevancy_enabled())
                         add_root(1, &lit);
@@ -248,7 +252,7 @@ namespace euf {
                 enode* n = m_egraph.mk(fresh, 0, nullptr);
                 n->mark_interpreted();
                 expr_ref eq = mk_eq(fapp, fresh);
-                sat::literal lit = internalize(eq, false, false, m_is_redundant);
+                sat::literal lit = mk_literal(eq);
                 s().add_clause(1, &lit, st);
                 if (relevancy_enabled())
                     add_root(1, &lit);
@@ -263,7 +267,7 @@ namespace euf {
         if (!m.is_bool(e) && m.is_ite(e, c, th, el)) {
             app* a = to_app(e);
             expr_ref eq_th = mk_eq(a, th);
-            sat::literal lit_th = internalize(eq_th, false, false, m_is_redundant);
+            sat::literal lit_th = mk_literal(eq_th);
             if (th == el) {
                 s().add_clause(1, &lit_th, st);
             }
@@ -273,7 +277,7 @@ namespace euf {
 
                 expr_ref eq_el = mk_eq(a, el);
 
-                sat::literal lit_el = internalize(eq_el, false, false, m_is_redundant);
+                sat::literal lit_el = mk_literal(eq_el);
                 literal lits1[2] = { literal(v, true),  lit_th };
                 literal lits2[2] = { literal(v, false), lit_el };
                 s().add_clause(2, lits1, st);
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/euf_solver.h b/src/sat/smt/euf_solver.h
index fe7ea9620..03faac300 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/euf_solver.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/euf_solver.h
@@ -309,7 +309,9 @@ namespace euf {
         expr_ref mk_eq(expr* e1, expr* e2);
         expr_ref mk_eq(euf::enode* n1, euf::enode* n2) { return mk_eq(n1->get_expr(), n2->get_expr()); }
         euf::enode* mk_enode(expr* e, unsigned n, enode* const* args) { return m_egraph.mk(e, n, args); }
-        expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) { return m_bool_var2expr.get(v, nullptr); }
+        expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) const { return m_bool_var2expr.get(v, nullptr); }
+        expr_ref literal2expr(sat::literal lit) const { expr* e = bool_var2expr(lit.var()); return lit.sign() ? expr_ref(m.mk_not(e), m) : expr_ref(e, m); }
+
         sat::literal attach_lit(sat::literal lit, expr* e);
         void unhandled_function(func_decl* f);
         th_rewriter& get_rewriter() { return m_rewriter; }
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/sat_th.cpp b/src/sat/smt/sat_th.cpp
index d866995a4..55f8c1bfc 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/sat_th.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/smt/sat_th.cpp
@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ namespace euf {
         return ctx.bool_var2expr(v);
     }
 
+    expr_ref th_euf_solver::literal2expr(sat::literal lit) const { 
+        return ctx.literal2expr(lit);
+    }
+
     theory_var th_euf_solver::mk_var(enode * n) {
         force_push();
         SASSERT(!is_attached_to_var(n));
diff --git a/src/sat/smt/sat_th.h b/src/sat/smt/sat_th.h
index 882b0ac23..e2a0d59c6 100644
--- a/src/sat/smt/sat_th.h
+++ b/src/sat/smt/sat_th.h
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ namespace euf {
         enode* var2enode(theory_var v) const { return m_var2enode[v]; }
         expr* var2expr(theory_var v) const { return var2enode(v)->get_expr(); }
         expr* bool_var2expr(sat::bool_var v) const;
+        expr_ref literal2expr(sat::literal lit) const;
         enode* bool_var2enode(sat::bool_var v) const { expr* e = bool_var2expr(v); return e ? expr2enode(e) : nullptr; }
-        expr_ref literal2expr(sat::literal lit) const { expr* e = bool_var2expr(lit.var()); return lit.sign() ? expr_ref(m.mk_not(e), m) : expr_ref(e, m); }
         sat::literal mk_literal(expr* e) const;
         theory_var get_th_var(enode* n) const { return n->get_th_var(get_id()); }
         theory_var get_th_var(expr* e) const;