diff --git a/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml b/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml
index 0cc8b8bd8..67c2fa7f9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.lock.yml
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@0c366fd6a839edf440554fa01a7085ccba70ac98 # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
       - name: Create gh-aw temp directory
@@ -478,10 +478,11 @@ jobs:
           
           **C++20 features:**
           - Concepts for template constraints (where appropriate)
-          - `std::span` for array views
+          - `std::span` for array views (especially for array pointer + size parameters)
           - Three-way comparison operator (`<=>`)
           - Ranges library
           - Coroutines (if beneficial)
+          - `std::format` for string formatting (replace stringstream for exceptions)
           
           ### 3. Common Library Function Usage
           
@@ -490,6 +491,78 @@ jobs:
           - Manual memory management that could use RAII
           - Custom container implementations vs standard containers
           - String manipulation that could use modern string APIs
+          - Use `std::clamp` to truncate values to min/max instead of manual comparisons
+          
+          ### 4. Z3-Specific Code Quality Improvements
+          
+          Identify opportunities specific to Z3's architecture and coding patterns:
+          
+          **Constructor/Destructor Optimization:**
+          - Empty/trivial constructors and destructors that can be removed (= default)
+          - Missing `noexcept` on non-default constructors and destructors
+          - Opportunities to use compiler-generated special members
+          
+          **Implementation Pattern Improvements:**
+          - `m_imp` (implementation pointer) pattern in classes used only within one file
+            - These should use anonymous namespace for implementation classes instead
+            - Look for classes only exported through builder/factory functions
+            - Examples: simplifiers, transformers, local utility classes
+          
+          **Memory Layout Optimization:**
+          - Classes that can be made POD (Plain Old Data)
+          - Field reordering to reduce padding and shrink class size
+            - Use `static_assert` and `sizeof` to verify size improvements
+            - Group fields by size (larger types first) for optimal packing
+          
+          **AST and Expression Optimization:**
+          - Redundant AST creation calls (rebuilding same expression multiple times)
+          - Opportunities to cache and reuse AST node references
+          - Use of temporaries instead of repeated construction
+          
+          **Hash Table Operations:**
+          - Double hash lookups (check existence + insert/retrieve)
+          - Opportunities to use single-lookup patterns supported by Z3's hash tables
+          - Example: `insert_if_not_there` or equivalent patterns
+          
+          **Smart Pointer Usage:**
+          - Manual deallocation of custom allocator pointers
+          - Opportunities to introduce custom smart pointers for automatic cleanup
+          - Wrapping allocator-managed objects in RAII wrappers
+          
+          **Move Semantics:**
+          - Places where `std::move` is needed but missing
+          - Incorrect usage of `std::move` (moving from const references, etc.)
+          - Return value optimization opportunities being blocked
+          
+          **Optional Value Patterns:**
+          - Functions returning null + using output parameters
+          - Replace with `std::optional<T>` return values
+          - Cleaner API that avoids pointer/reference output parameters
+          
+          **Exception String Construction:**
+          - Using `stringstream` to build exception messages
+          - Unnecessary string copies when raising exceptions
+          - Replace with `std::format` for cleaner, more efficient code
+          
+          **Bitfield Opportunities:**
+          - Structs with multiple boolean flags
+          - Small integer fields that could use bitfields
+          - Size reduction potential through bitfield packing
+          
+          **Array Parameter Patterns:**
+          - Functions taking pointer + size parameters
+          - Replace with `std::span` for type-safe array views
+          - Improves API safety and expressiveness
+          
+          **Increment Operators:**
+          - Usage of postfix `i++` where prefix `++i` would suffice
+          - Places where the result value isn't used
+          - Micro-optimization for iterator-heavy code
+          
+          **Exception Control Flow:**
+          - Using exceptions for normal control flow
+          - Alternatives: `std::expected`, `std::optional`, error codes
+          - Performance and clarity improvements
           
           ## Analysis Methodology
           
@@ -497,7 +570,9 @@ jobs:
              - `src/util/` - Core utilities and data structures
              - `src/ast/` - Abstract syntax tree implementations
              - `src/smt/` - SMT solver core
+             - `src/sat/` - SAT solver components
              - `src/api/` - Public API surface
+             - `src/tactic/` - Tactics and simplifiers (good for m_imp pattern analysis)
              - Use `glob` to find representative source files
           
           2. **Use code search tools** effectively:
@@ -510,11 +585,13 @@ jobs:
              - Look at 10-15 representative files per major area
              - Note common patterns vs inconsistencies
              - Check both header (.h) and implementation (.cpp) files
+             - Use `sizeof` and field alignment to analyze struct sizes
           
           4. **Quantify findings**:
              - Count occurrences of specific patterns
              - Identify which areas are most affected
              - Prioritize findings by impact and prevalence
+             - Measure potential size savings for memory layout optimizations
           
           ## Deliverable: Detailed Analysis Discussion
           
@@ -604,7 +681,81 @@ jobs:
           - **Manual Patterns**: [Raw pointers, manual new/delete]
           - **RAII Opportunities**: [Where smart pointers could help]
           
-          ## 4. Priority Recommendations
+          ### 3.4 Value Clamping
+          - **Current**: [Manual min/max comparisons]
+          - **Modern**: [`std::clamp` usage opportunities]
+          
+          ## 4. Z3-Specific Code Quality Opportunities
+          
+          ### 4.1 Constructor/Destructor Optimization
+          - **Empty Constructors/Destructors**: [Count of trivial ones that can be removed/defaulted]
+          - **Missing noexcept**: [Non-default constructors/destructors without noexcept]
+          - **Impact**: [Code size reduction potential]
+          
+          ### 4.2 Implementation Pattern (m_imp) Analysis
+          - **Current Usage**: [Files using m_imp pattern for internal-only classes]
+          - **Opportunity**: [Classes that could use anonymous namespace instead]
+          - **Criteria**: Classes only exported through builder/factory functions
+          - **Examples**: [Specific simplifiers, transformers, utility classes]
+          
+          ### 4.3 Memory Layout Optimization
+          - **POD Candidates**: [Classes that can be made POD]
+          - **Field Reordering**: [Classes with padding that can be reduced]
+          - **Size Analysis**: [Use static_assert + sizeof results]
+          - **Bitfield Opportunities**: [Structs with bool flags or small integers]
+          - **Estimated Savings**: [Total size reduction across codebase]
+          
+          ### 4.4 AST Creation Efficiency
+          - **Redundant Creation**: [Examples of rebuilding same expression multiple times]
+          - **Temporary Usage**: [Places where temporaries could be cached]
+          - **Impact**: [Performance improvement potential]
+          
+          ### 4.5 Hash Table Operation Optimization
+          - **Double Lookups**: [Check existence + insert/get patterns]
+          - **Single Lookup Pattern**: [How to use Z3's hash table APIs efficiently]
+          - **Examples**: [Specific files and patterns]
+          - **Performance Impact**: [Lookup reduction potential]
+          
+          ### 4.6 Custom Smart Pointer Opportunities
+          - **Manual Deallocation**: [Code manually calling custom allocator free]
+          - **RAII Wrapper Needed**: [Where custom smart pointer would help]
+          - **Simplification**: [Code that would be cleaner with auto cleanup]
+          
+          ### 4.7 Move Semantics Analysis
+          - **Missing std::move**: [Returns/assignments that should use move]
+          - **Incorrect std::move**: [Move from const, unnecessary moves]
+          - **Return Value Optimization**: [Places where RVO is blocked]
+          
+          ### 4.8 Optional Value Pattern Modernization
+          - **Current Pattern**: [Functions returning null + output parameters]
+          - **Modern Pattern**: [std::optional<T> return value opportunities]
+          - **API Improvements**: [Specific function signatures to update]
+          - **Examples**: [File:line references with before/after]
+          
+          ### 4.9 Exception String Construction
+          - **Current**: [stringstream usage for building exception messages]
+          - **Modern**: [std::format opportunities]
+          - **String Copies**: [Unnecessary copies when raising exceptions]
+          - **Examples**: [Specific exception construction sites]
+          
+          ### 4.10 Array Parameter Modernization
+          - **Current**: [Pointer + size parameter pairs]
+          - **Modern**: [std::span usage opportunities]
+          - **Type Safety**: [How span improves API safety]
+          - **Examples**: [Function signatures to update]
+          
+          ### 4.11 Increment Operator Patterns
+          - **Postfix Usage**: [Count of i++ where result is unused]
+          - **Prefix Preference**: [Places to use ++i instead]
+          - **Iterator Loops**: [Heavy iterator usage areas]
+          
+          ### 4.12 Exception Control Flow
+          - **Current Usage**: [Exceptions used for normal control flow]
+          - **Modern Alternatives**: [std::expected, std::optional, error codes]
+          - **Performance**: [Impact of exception-based control flow]
+          - **Refactoring Opportunities**: [Specific patterns to replace]
+          
+          ## 5. Priority Recommendations
           
           Ranked list of improvements by impact and effort:
           
@@ -615,7 +766,7 @@ jobs:
           
           [Continue ranking...]
           
-          ## 5. Sample Refactoring Examples
+          ## 6. Sample Refactoring Examples
           
           Provide 3-5 concrete examples of recommended refactorings:
           
@@ -636,7 +787,7 @@ jobs:
           
           [Repeat for other examples]
           
-          ## 6. Next Steps
+          ## 7. Next Steps
           
           - [ ] Review and prioritize these recommendations
           - [ ] Create focused issues for high-priority items
@@ -663,9 +814,14 @@ jobs:
             - Type safety
             - Readability
             - Performance (where measurable)
+            - Binary size (constructor/destructor removal, memory layout)
+            - Memory efficiency (POD classes, field reordering, bitfields)
           - **Be constructive**: Frame findings as opportunities, not criticisms
           - **Quantify when possible**: Use numbers to show prevalence of patterns
           - **Consider backward compatibility**: Z3 is a mature project with many users
+          - **Measure size improvements**: Use `static_assert` and `sizeof` to verify memory layout optimizations
+          - **Prioritize safety**: Smart pointers, `std::optional`, and `std::span` improve type safety
+          - **Consider performance**: Hash table optimizations and AST caching have measurable impact
           
           ## Code Search Examples
           
@@ -694,6 +850,93 @@ jobs:
           grep pattern: "^[ ]*enum [^c]" glob: "src/**/*.h"
           ```
           
+          **Find empty/trivial constructors and destructors:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "~[A-Za-z_]+\(\)\s*\{\s*\}" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          PROMPT_EOF
+      - name: Append prompt (part 2)
+        env:
+          GH_AW_PROMPT: /tmp/gh-aw/aw-prompts/prompt.txt
+        run: |
+          cat << 'PROMPT_EOF' >> "$GH_AW_PROMPT"
+          grep pattern: "[A-Za-z_]+\(\)\s*\{\s*\}" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find constructors/destructors without noexcept:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "~[A-Za-z_]+\(\)(?!.*noexcept)" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+          grep pattern: "explicit.*\(\)(?!.*noexcept)" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find m_imp pattern usage:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "m_imp|m_impl" glob: "src/**/*.{h,cpp}"
+          grep pattern: "class.*_imp[^a-z]" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find potential POD struct candidates:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "struct [A-Za-z_]+ \{" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find potential bitfield opportunities (multiple bools):**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "bool [a-z_]+;.*bool [a-z_]+;" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find redundant AST creation:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "mk_[a-z_]+\(.*mk_[a-z_]+\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find double hash lookups:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "contains\(.*\).*insert\(|find\(.*\).*insert\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find manual deallocation:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "dealloc\(|deallocate\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find missing std::move in returns:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "return [a-z_]+;" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find functions returning null with output parameters:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "return.*nullptr.*&" glob: "src/**/*.{h,cpp}"
+          grep pattern: "bool.*\(.*\*.*\)|bool.*\(.*&" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find stringstream usage for exceptions:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "stringstream.*throw|ostringstream.*throw" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find pointer + size parameters:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "\([^,]+\*[^,]*,\s*size_t|, unsigned.*size\)" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find postfix increment:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "[a-z_]+\+\+\s*[;\)]" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find std::clamp opportunities:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "std::min\(.*std::max\(|std::max\(.*std::min\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          grep pattern: "if.*<.*\{.*=|if.*>.*\{.*=" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
+          **Find exceptions used for control flow:**
+          ```
+          grep pattern: "try.*\{.*for\(|try.*\{.*while\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          grep pattern: "catch.*continue|catch.*break" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+          ```
+          
           ## Security and Safety
           
           - Never execute untrusted code
@@ -1000,7 +1243,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "Agent Conclusion: $AGENT_CONCLUSION"
       - name: Download agent output artifact
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
         with:
           name: agent-output
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
@@ -1074,13 +1317,13 @@ jobs:
           destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
       - name: Download agent artifacts
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
         with:
           name: agent-artifacts
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
       - name: Download agent output artifact
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
         with:
           name: agent-output
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/threat-detection/
@@ -1234,7 +1477,7 @@ jobs:
           destination: /opt/gh-aw/actions
       - name: Download agent output artifact
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
         with:
           name: agent-output
           path: /tmp/gh-aw/safeoutputs/
diff --git a/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md b/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md
index 0f12ceb12..15af2e155 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md
+++ b/.github/workflows/code-conventions-analyzer.md
@@ -94,10 +94,11 @@ Z3 uses C++20 (as specified in `.clang-format`). Look for opportunities to use:
 
 **C++20 features:**
 - Concepts for template constraints (where appropriate)
-- `std::span` for array views
+- `std::span` for array views (especially for array pointer + size parameters)
 - Three-way comparison operator (`<=>`)
 - Ranges library
 - Coroutines (if beneficial)
+- `std::format` for string formatting (replace stringstream for exceptions)
 
 ### 3. Common Library Function Usage
 
@@ -106,6 +107,78 @@ Look for patterns where Z3 could better leverage standard library features:
 - Manual memory management that could use RAII
 - Custom container implementations vs standard containers
 - String manipulation that could use modern string APIs
+- Use `std::clamp` to truncate values to min/max instead of manual comparisons
+
+### 4. Z3-Specific Code Quality Improvements
+
+Identify opportunities specific to Z3's architecture and coding patterns:
+
+**Constructor/Destructor Optimization:**
+- Empty/trivial constructors and destructors that can be removed (= default)
+- Missing `noexcept` on non-default constructors and destructors
+- Opportunities to use compiler-generated special members
+
+**Implementation Pattern Improvements:**
+- `m_imp` (implementation pointer) pattern in classes used only within one file
+  - These should use anonymous namespace for implementation classes instead
+  - Look for classes only exported through builder/factory functions
+  - Examples: simplifiers, transformers, local utility classes
+
+**Memory Layout Optimization:**
+- Classes that can be made POD (Plain Old Data)
+- Field reordering to reduce padding and shrink class size
+  - Use `static_assert` and `sizeof` to verify size improvements
+  - Group fields by size (larger types first) for optimal packing
+
+**AST and Expression Optimization:**
+- Redundant AST creation calls (rebuilding same expression multiple times)
+- Opportunities to cache and reuse AST node references
+- Use of temporaries instead of repeated construction
+
+**Hash Table Operations:**
+- Double hash lookups (check existence + insert/retrieve)
+- Opportunities to use single-lookup patterns supported by Z3's hash tables
+- Example: `insert_if_not_there` or equivalent patterns
+
+**Smart Pointer Usage:**
+- Manual deallocation of custom allocator pointers
+- Opportunities to introduce custom smart pointers for automatic cleanup
+- Wrapping allocator-managed objects in RAII wrappers
+
+**Move Semantics:**
+- Places where `std::move` is needed but missing
+- Incorrect usage of `std::move` (moving from const references, etc.)
+- Return value optimization opportunities being blocked
+
+**Optional Value Patterns:**
+- Functions returning null + using output parameters
+- Replace with `std::optional<T>` return values
+- Cleaner API that avoids pointer/reference output parameters
+
+**Exception String Construction:**
+- Using `stringstream` to build exception messages
+- Unnecessary string copies when raising exceptions
+- Replace with `std::format` for cleaner, more efficient code
+
+**Bitfield Opportunities:**
+- Structs with multiple boolean flags
+- Small integer fields that could use bitfields
+- Size reduction potential through bitfield packing
+
+**Array Parameter Patterns:**
+- Functions taking pointer + size parameters
+- Replace with `std::span` for type-safe array views
+- Improves API safety and expressiveness
+
+**Increment Operators:**
+- Usage of postfix `i++` where prefix `++i` would suffice
+- Places where the result value isn't used
+- Micro-optimization for iterator-heavy code
+
+**Exception Control Flow:**
+- Using exceptions for normal control flow
+- Alternatives: `std::expected`, `std::optional`, error codes
+- Performance and clarity improvements
 
 ## Analysis Methodology
 
@@ -113,7 +186,9 @@ Look for patterns where Z3 could better leverage standard library features:
    - `src/util/` - Core utilities and data structures
    - `src/ast/` - Abstract syntax tree implementations
    - `src/smt/` - SMT solver core
+   - `src/sat/` - SAT solver components
    - `src/api/` - Public API surface
+   - `src/tactic/` - Tactics and simplifiers (good for m_imp pattern analysis)
    - Use `glob` to find representative source files
 
 2. **Use code search tools** effectively:
@@ -126,11 +201,13 @@ Look for patterns where Z3 could better leverage standard library features:
    - Look at 10-15 representative files per major area
    - Note common patterns vs inconsistencies
    - Check both header (.h) and implementation (.cpp) files
+   - Use `sizeof` and field alignment to analyze struct sizes
 
 4. **Quantify findings**:
    - Count occurrences of specific patterns
    - Identify which areas are most affected
    - Prioritize findings by impact and prevalence
+   - Measure potential size savings for memory layout optimizations
 
 ## Deliverable: Detailed Analysis Discussion
 
@@ -220,7 +297,81 @@ For each opportunity, provide:
 - **Manual Patterns**: [Raw pointers, manual new/delete]
 - **RAII Opportunities**: [Where smart pointers could help]
 
-## 4. Priority Recommendations
+### 3.4 Value Clamping
+- **Current**: [Manual min/max comparisons]
+- **Modern**: [`std::clamp` usage opportunities]
+
+## 4. Z3-Specific Code Quality Opportunities
+
+### 4.1 Constructor/Destructor Optimization
+- **Empty Constructors/Destructors**: [Count of trivial ones that can be removed/defaulted]
+- **Missing noexcept**: [Non-default constructors/destructors without noexcept]
+- **Impact**: [Code size reduction potential]
+
+### 4.2 Implementation Pattern (m_imp) Analysis
+- **Current Usage**: [Files using m_imp pattern for internal-only classes]
+- **Opportunity**: [Classes that could use anonymous namespace instead]
+- **Criteria**: Classes only exported through builder/factory functions
+- **Examples**: [Specific simplifiers, transformers, utility classes]
+
+### 4.3 Memory Layout Optimization
+- **POD Candidates**: [Classes that can be made POD]
+- **Field Reordering**: [Classes with padding that can be reduced]
+- **Size Analysis**: [Use static_assert + sizeof results]
+- **Bitfield Opportunities**: [Structs with bool flags or small integers]
+- **Estimated Savings**: [Total size reduction across codebase]
+
+### 4.4 AST Creation Efficiency
+- **Redundant Creation**: [Examples of rebuilding same expression multiple times]
+- **Temporary Usage**: [Places where temporaries could be cached]
+- **Impact**: [Performance improvement potential]
+
+### 4.5 Hash Table Operation Optimization
+- **Double Lookups**: [Check existence + insert/get patterns]
+- **Single Lookup Pattern**: [How to use Z3's hash table APIs efficiently]
+- **Examples**: [Specific files and patterns]
+- **Performance Impact**: [Lookup reduction potential]
+
+### 4.6 Custom Smart Pointer Opportunities
+- **Manual Deallocation**: [Code manually calling custom allocator free]
+- **RAII Wrapper Needed**: [Where custom smart pointer would help]
+- **Simplification**: [Code that would be cleaner with auto cleanup]
+
+### 4.7 Move Semantics Analysis
+- **Missing std::move**: [Returns/assignments that should use move]
+- **Incorrect std::move**: [Move from const, unnecessary moves]
+- **Return Value Optimization**: [Places where RVO is blocked]
+
+### 4.8 Optional Value Pattern Modernization
+- **Current Pattern**: [Functions returning null + output parameters]
+- **Modern Pattern**: [std::optional<T> return value opportunities]
+- **API Improvements**: [Specific function signatures to update]
+- **Examples**: [File:line references with before/after]
+
+### 4.9 Exception String Construction
+- **Current**: [stringstream usage for building exception messages]
+- **Modern**: [std::format opportunities]
+- **String Copies**: [Unnecessary copies when raising exceptions]
+- **Examples**: [Specific exception construction sites]
+
+### 4.10 Array Parameter Modernization
+- **Current**: [Pointer + size parameter pairs]
+- **Modern**: [std::span usage opportunities]
+- **Type Safety**: [How span improves API safety]
+- **Examples**: [Function signatures to update]
+
+### 4.11 Increment Operator Patterns
+- **Postfix Usage**: [Count of i++ where result is unused]
+- **Prefix Preference**: [Places to use ++i instead]
+- **Iterator Loops**: [Heavy iterator usage areas]
+
+### 4.12 Exception Control Flow
+- **Current Usage**: [Exceptions used for normal control flow]
+- **Modern Alternatives**: [std::expected, std::optional, error codes]
+- **Performance**: [Impact of exception-based control flow]
+- **Refactoring Opportunities**: [Specific patterns to replace]
+
+## 5. Priority Recommendations
 
 Ranked list of improvements by impact and effort:
 
@@ -231,7 +382,7 @@ Ranked list of improvements by impact and effort:
 
 [Continue ranking...]
 
-## 5. Sample Refactoring Examples
+## 6. Sample Refactoring Examples
 
 Provide 3-5 concrete examples of recommended refactorings:
 
@@ -252,7 +403,7 @@ Provide 3-5 concrete examples of recommended refactorings:
 
 [Repeat for other examples]
 
-## 6. Next Steps
+## 7. Next Steps
 
 - [ ] Review and prioritize these recommendations
 - [ ] Create focused issues for high-priority items
@@ -279,9 +430,14 @@ Provide 3-5 concrete examples of recommended refactorings:
   - Type safety
   - Readability
   - Performance (where measurable)
+  - Binary size (constructor/destructor removal, memory layout)
+  - Memory efficiency (POD classes, field reordering, bitfields)
 - **Be constructive**: Frame findings as opportunities, not criticisms
 - **Quantify when possible**: Use numbers to show prevalence of patterns
 - **Consider backward compatibility**: Z3 is a mature project with many users
+- **Measure size improvements**: Use `static_assert` and `sizeof` to verify memory layout optimizations
+- **Prioritize safety**: Smart pointers, `std::optional`, and `std::span` improve type safety
+- **Consider performance**: Hash table optimizations and AST caching have measurable impact
 
 ## Code Search Examples
 
@@ -310,6 +466,87 @@ grep pattern: "delete |delete\[\]" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
 grep pattern: "^[ ]*enum [^c]" glob: "src/**/*.h"
 ```
 
+**Find empty/trivial constructors and destructors:**
+```
+grep pattern: "~[A-Za-z_]+\(\)\s*\{\s*\}" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+grep pattern: "[A-Za-z_]+\(\)\s*\{\s*\}" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find constructors/destructors without noexcept:**
+```
+grep pattern: "~[A-Za-z_]+\(\)(?!.*noexcept)" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+grep pattern: "explicit.*\(\)(?!.*noexcept)" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+```
+
+**Find m_imp pattern usage:**
+```
+grep pattern: "m_imp|m_impl" glob: "src/**/*.{h,cpp}"
+grep pattern: "class.*_imp[^a-z]" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find potential POD struct candidates:**
+```
+grep pattern: "struct [A-Za-z_]+ \{" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+```
+
+**Find potential bitfield opportunities (multiple bools):**
+```
+grep pattern: "bool [a-z_]+;.*bool [a-z_]+;" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+```
+
+**Find redundant AST creation:**
+```
+grep pattern: "mk_[a-z_]+\(.*mk_[a-z_]+\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find double hash lookups:**
+```
+grep pattern: "contains\(.*\).*insert\(|find\(.*\).*insert\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find manual deallocation:**
+```
+grep pattern: "dealloc\(|deallocate\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find missing std::move in returns:**
+```
+grep pattern: "return [a-z_]+;" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find functions returning null with output parameters:**
+```
+grep pattern: "return.*nullptr.*&" glob: "src/**/*.{h,cpp}"
+grep pattern: "bool.*\(.*\*.*\)|bool.*\(.*&" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+```
+
+**Find stringstream usage for exceptions:**
+```
+grep pattern: "stringstream.*throw|ostringstream.*throw" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find pointer + size parameters:**
+```
+grep pattern: "\([^,]+\*[^,]*,\s*size_t|, unsigned.*size\)" glob: "src/**/*.h"
+```
+
+**Find postfix increment:**
+```
+grep pattern: "[a-z_]+\+\+\s*[;\)]" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find std::clamp opportunities:**
+```
+grep pattern: "std::min\(.*std::max\(|std::max\(.*std::min\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+grep pattern: "if.*<.*\{.*=|if.*>.*\{.*=" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
+**Find exceptions used for control flow:**
+```
+grep pattern: "try.*\{.*for\(|try.*\{.*while\(" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+grep pattern: "catch.*continue|catch.*break" glob: "src/**/*.cpp"
+```
+
 ## Security and Safety
 
 - Never execute untrusted code