merged

Signed-off-by: Leonardo de Moura <leonardo@microsoft.com>

README

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ Execute:
 It will install z3 executable at /usr/bin, libraries at /usr/lib, and include files at /usr/include.
 You can change the installation p
 
-Use the following commands to install in a different prefix (e.g., /home/leo).
+Use the following commands to install in a different prefix (e.g., /home/leo), and the Z3 python
+bindings in a different python package directory.
 
-  python scripts/mk_make.py --prefix=/home/leo
+  python scripts/mk_make.py --prefix=/home/leo --pydir=/home/leo/python
   cd build
   make
   sudo make install

RELEASE_NOTES

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ RELEASE NOTES
 Version 4.3.2
 =============
 
+- New parameter setting infrastructure. Now, it is possible to set parameter for Z3 internal modules. Several parameter names changed. Execute `z3 -p` for the new parameter list.
+
 - Added get_version() and get_version_string() to Z3Py
 
 - Added support for FreeBSD. Z3 can be compiled on FreeBSD using g++. 
@@ -20,6 +22,10 @@ Version 4.3.2
 
 - Fixed crash when parsing incorrect formulas. The crash was introduced when support for "arithmetic coercions" was added in Z3 4.3.0.
 
+- Added new option to mk_make to allow users to specify where python bindings (Z3Py) will be installed. (Thanks to Dejan Jovanovic for reporting the problem).
+
+- Fixed crash reported at http://z3.codeplex.com/workitem/10
+
 Version 4.3.1
 =============
 

doc/website.dox

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
    - \ref capi 
    - \ref cppapi
    - <a class="el" href="class_microsoft_1_1_z3_1_1_context.html">.NET API</a>
+   - <a class="el" href="namespacecom_1_1microsoft_1_1z3.html">Java API</a>
    - <a class="el" href="namespacez3py.html">Python API</a> (also available in <a class="el" href="z3.html">pydoc format</a>).
    - Try Z3 online at <a href="http://rise4fun.com/z3py">RiSE4Fun</a> using <a href="http://rise4fun.com/z3py">Python</a> or <a href="http://rise4fun.com/z3">SMT 2.0</a>.
 */

doc/z3api.dox

@@ -687,6 +687,7 @@ WARN_LOGFILE           =
 # with spaces.
 
 INPUT                  = ../src/api/dotnet \
+                         ../src/api/java \
                          ../src/api/c++ \
                          ./tmp
 
@@ -740,7 +741,8 @@ FILE_PATTERNS          = website.dox \
                          Util.cs \
                          Version.cs \
                          Z3Exception.cs \
-                         Z3Object.cs
+                         Z3Object.cs \
+                         *.java
 
 # The RECURSIVE tag can be used to turn specify whether or not subdirectories
 # should be searched for input files as well. Possible values are YES and NO.

scripts/mk_project.py

@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ def init_project_def():
     add_lib('ufbv_tactic', ['normal_forms', 'core_tactics', 'macros', 'smt_tactic', 'rewriter'], 'tactic/ufbv')
     add_lib('portfolio', ['smtlogic_tactics', 'ufbv_tactic', 'fpa', 'aig_tactic', 'muz_qe', 'sls_tactic', 'subpaving_tactic'], 'tactic/portfolio')
     add_lib('smtparser', ['portfolio'], 'parsers/smt')
+    API_files = ['z3_api.h', 'z3_algebraic.h', 'z3_polynomial.h']
     add_lib('api', ['portfolio', 'user_plugin', 'smtparser'],
-            includes2install=['z3.h', 'z3_api.h', 'z3_v1.h', 'z3_macros.h'])
+            includes2install=['z3.h', 'z3_v1.h', 'z3_macros.h'] + API_files)
     add_exe('shell', ['api', 'sat', 'extra_cmds'], exe_name='z3')
     add_exe('test', ['api', 'fuzzing'], exe_name='test-z3', install=False)
-    API_files = ['z3_api.h']
     add_dll('api_dll', ['api', 'sat', 'extra_cmds'], 'api/dll', 
             reexports=['api'], 
             dll_name='libz3', 

scripts/mk_util.py

@@ -85,8 +85,9 @@ def is_linux():
 def is_osx():
     return IS_OSX
 
-def unix_path2dos(path):
-    return string.join(path.split('/'), '\\')
+def norm_path(p):
+    # We use '/' on mk_project for convenience
+    return os.path.join(*(p.split('/')))
 
 def which(program):
     import os
@@ -138,7 +139,9 @@ def exec_cmd(cmd):
             if e != "":
                 se = e.split(' ')
                 if len(se) > 1:
-                    new_cmd.extend(se)
+                    for e2 in se:
+                        if e2 != "":
+                            new_cmd.append(e2)
                 else:
                     new_cmd.append(e)
     cmd = new_cmd
@@ -178,10 +181,18 @@ def test_c_compiler(cc):
 def test_gmp(cc):
     if is_verbose():
         print "Testing GMP..."
-    t = TempFile('tst.cpp')
+    t = TempFile('tstgmp.cpp')
     t.add('#include<gmp.h>\nint main() { mpz_t t; mpz_init(t); mpz_clear(t); return 0; }\n')
     t.commit()
-    return exec_compiler_cmd([cc, CPPFLAGS, CXXFLAGS, 'tst.cpp', LDFLAGS, '-lgmp']) == 0
+    return exec_compiler_cmd([cc, CPPFLAGS, 'tstgmp.cpp', LDFLAGS, '-lgmp']) == 0
+
+def test_openmp(cc):
+    if is_verbose():
+        print "Testing OpenMP..."
+    t = TempFile('tstomp.cpp')
+    t.add('#include<omp.h>\nint main() { return omp_in_parallel() ? 1 : 0; }\n')
+    t.commit()
+    return exec_compiler_cmd([cc, CPPFLAGS, 'tstomp.cpp', LDFLAGS, '-fopenmp']) == 0
 
 def check_java():
     t = TempFile('Hello.java')
@@ -200,12 +211,19 @@ def check_java():
         raise MKException('Failed testing Java program. Set environment variable JAVA with the path to the Java virtual machine')
     find_java_home()
 
+def find_jni_h(path):
+    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path): 
+        for f in files:
+            if f == 'jni.h':
+                return root
+    return False
+
 def find_java_home():
     global JAVA_HOME
     if JAVA_HOME != None:
         if is_verbose():
             print "Checking jni.h..."
-        if os.path.exists('%s%sinclude%sjni.h' % (JAVA_HOME, os.sep, os.sep)):
+        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(JAVA_HOME, 'include', 'jni.h')):
             return
     if is_verbose():
         print "Finding JAVA_HOME..."
@@ -227,9 +245,12 @@ def find_java_home():
             path = string.join(tmp[:len(tmp) - 3], os.sep)
             if is_verbose():
                 print "Checking jni.h..."
-            if not os.path.exists('%s%sinclude%sjni.h' % (path, os.sep, os.sep)):
-                raise MKException("Failed to detect jni.h at '%s%sinclude'" % (path, os.sep))
-            JAVA_HOME = path
+            jni_dir = find_jni_h(path)
+            if not jni_dir:
+                raise MKException("Failed to detect jni.h at '%s'.Possible solution: set JAVA_HOME with the path to JDK." % os.path.join(path, 'include'))
+            JAVA_HOME = os.path.split(jni_dir)[0]
+            if is_verbose():
+                print 'JAVA_HOME=%s' % JAVA_HOME
             return
     raise MKException('Failed to find JAVA_HOME')
 
@@ -340,6 +361,7 @@ def display_help(exit_code):
     print "  -s, --silent                  do not print verbose messages."
     if not IS_WINDOWS:
         print "  -p <dir>, --prefix=<dir>      installation prefix (default: %s)." % PREFIX
+        print "  -y <dir>, --pydir=<dir>       installation prefix for Z3 python bindings (default: %s)." % PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR
     print "  -b <sudir>, --build=<subdir>  subdirectory where Z3 will be built (default: build)."
     print "  -d, --debug                   compile Z3 in debug mode."
     print "  -t, --trace                   enable tracing in release mode."
@@ -370,52 +392,56 @@ def display_help(exit_code):
 # Parse configuration option for mk_make script
 def parse_options():
     global VERBOSE, DEBUG_MODE, IS_WINDOWS, VS_X64, ONLY_MAKEFILES, SHOW_CPPS, VS_PROJ, TRACE
-    global DOTNET_ENABLED, JAVA_ENABLED, STATIC_LIB, PREFIX, GMP
+    global DOTNET_ENABLED, JAVA_ENABLED, STATIC_LIB, PREFIX, GMP, PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR
     try:
         options, remainder = getopt.gnu_getopt(sys.argv[1:], 
-                                               'b:dsxhmcvtnp:gj', 
+                                               'b:dsxhmcvtnp:gjy:', 
                                                ['build=', 'debug', 'silent', 'x64', 'help', 'makefiles', 'showcpp', 'vsproj',
-                                                'trace', 'nodotnet', 'staticlib', 'prefix=', 'gmp', 'java'])
-        for opt, arg in options:
-            if opt in ('-b', '--build'):
-                if arg == 'src':
-                    raise MKException('The src directory should not be used to host the Makefile')
-                set_build_dir(arg)
-            elif opt in ('-s', '--silent'):
-                VERBOSE = False
-            elif opt in ('-d', '--debug'):
-                DEBUG_MODE = True
-            elif opt in ('-x', '--x64'):
-                if not IS_WINDOWS:
-                    raise MKException('x64 compilation mode can only be specified when using Visual Studio')
-                VS_X64 = True
-            elif opt in ('-h', '--help'):
-                display_help(0)
-            elif opt in ('-m', '--onlymakefiles'):
-                ONLY_MAKEFILES = True
-            elif opt in ('-c', '--showcpp'):
-                SHOW_CPPS = True
-            elif opt in ('-v', '--vsproj'):
-                VS_PROJ = True
-            elif opt in ('-t', '--trace'):
-                TRACE = True
-            elif opt in ('-n', '--nodotnet'):
-                DOTNET_ENABLED = False
-            elif opt in ('--staticlib'):
-                STATIC_LIB = True
-            elif opt in ('-p', '--prefix'):
-                PREFIX = arg
-            elif opt in ('-g', '--gmp'):
-                GMP = True
-            elif opt in ('-j', '--java'):
-                JAVA_ENABLED = True
-            else:
-                print "ERROR: Invalid command line option '%s'" % opt
-                display_help(1)
+                                                'trace', 'nodotnet', 'staticlib', 'prefix=', 'gmp', 'java', 'pydir='])
     except:
         print "ERROR: Invalid command line option"
         display_help(1)
 
+    for opt, arg in options:
+        if opt in ('-b', '--build'):
+            if arg == 'src':
+                raise MKException('The src directory should not be used to host the Makefile')
+            set_build_dir(arg)
+        elif opt in ('-s', '--silent'):
+            VERBOSE = False
+        elif opt in ('-d', '--debug'):
+            DEBUG_MODE = True
+        elif opt in ('-x', '--x64'):
+            if not IS_WINDOWS:
+                raise MKException('x64 compilation mode can only be specified when using Visual Studio')
+            VS_X64 = True
+        elif opt in ('-h', '--help'):
+            display_help(0)
+        elif opt in ('-m', '--onlymakefiles'):
+            ONLY_MAKEFILES = True
+        elif opt in ('-c', '--showcpp'):
+            SHOW_CPPS = True
+        elif opt in ('-v', '--vsproj'):
+            VS_PROJ = True
+        elif opt in ('-t', '--trace'):
+            TRACE = True
+        elif opt in ('-n', '--nodotnet'):
+            DOTNET_ENABLED = False
+        elif opt in ('--staticlib'):
+            STATIC_LIB = True
+        elif opt in ('-p', '--prefix'):
+            PREFIX = arg
+        elif opt in ('-y', '--pydir'):
+            PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR = arg
+            mk_dir(PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR)
+        elif opt in ('-g', '--gmp'):
+            GMP = True
+        elif opt in ('-j', '--java'):
+            JAVA_ENABLED = True
+        else:
+            print "ERROR: Invalid command line option '%s'" % opt
+            display_help(1)
+
 # Return a list containing a file names included using '#include' in
 # the given C/C++ file named fname.
 def extract_c_includes(fname):
@@ -440,11 +466,11 @@ def extract_c_includes(fname):
 
 # Given a path dir1/subdir2/subdir3 returns ../../..
 def reverse_path(p):
-    l = p.split('/')
+    l = p.split(os.sep)
     n = len(l)
     r = '..'
     for i in range(1, n):
-        r = '%s/%s' % (r, '..')
+        r = os.path.join(r, '..')
     return r
 
 def mk_dir(d):
@@ -453,12 +479,13 @@ def mk_dir(d):
 
 def set_build_dir(d):
     global BUILD_DIR, REV_BUILD_DIR
-    BUILD_DIR = d
+    BUILD_DIR = norm_path(d)
     REV_BUILD_DIR = reverse_path(d)
 
 def set_z3py_dir(p):
     global SRC_DIR, Z3PY_SRC_DIR
-    full = '%s/%s' % (SRC_DIR, p)
+    p = norm_path(p)
+    full = os.path.join(SRC_DIR, p)
     if not os.path.exists(full):
         raise MKException("Python bindings directory '%s' does not exist" % full)
     Z3PY_SRC_DIR = full
@@ -556,22 +583,23 @@ class Component:
         if path == None:
             path = name
         self.name = name
+        path = norm_path(path)
         self.path = path
         self.deps = find_all_deps(name, deps)
         self.build_dir = path
-        self.src_dir   = '%s/%s' % (SRC_DIR, path)
-        self.to_src_dir = '%s/%s' % (REV_BUILD_DIR, self.src_dir)
+        self.src_dir   = os.path.join(SRC_DIR, path)
+        self.to_src_dir = os.path.join(REV_BUILD_DIR, self.src_dir)
 
     # Find fname in the include paths for the given component.
     # ownerfile is only used for creating error messages.
     # That is, we were looking for fname when processing ownerfile
     def find_file(self, fname, ownerfile):
-        full_fname = '%s/%s' % (self.src_dir, fname)
+        full_fname = os.path.join(self.src_dir, fname)
         if os.path.exists(full_fname):
             return self
         for dep in self.deps:
             c_dep = get_component(dep)
-            full_fname = '%s/%s' % (c_dep.src_dir, fname)
+            full_fname = os.path.join(c_dep.src_dir, fname)
             if os.path.exists(full_fname):
                 return c_dep
         raise MKException("Failed to find include file '%s' for '%s' when processing '%s'." % (fname, ownerfile, self.name))
@@ -579,15 +607,15 @@ class Component:
     # Display all dependencies of file basename located in the given component directory.
     # The result is displayed at out
     def add_cpp_h_deps(self, out, basename):
-        includes = extract_c_includes('%s/%s' % (self.src_dir, basename))
-        out.write('%s/%s' % (self.to_src_dir, basename))
+        includes = extract_c_includes(os.path.join(self.src_dir, basename))
+        out.write(os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, basename))
         for include in includes:
             owner = self.find_file(include, basename)
-            out.write(' %s/%s.node' % (owner.build_dir, include))
+            out.write(' %s.node' % os.path.join(owner.build_dir, include))
 
     # Add a rule for each #include directive in the file basename located at the current component.
     def add_rule_for_each_include(self, out, basename):
-        fullname = '%s/%s' % (self.src_dir, basename)
+        fullname = os.path.join(self.src_dir, basename)
         includes = extract_c_includes(fullname)
         for include in includes:
             owner = self.find_file(include, fullname)
@@ -599,12 +627,12 @@ class Component:
     #     ast/ast_pp.h.node : ../src/util/ast_pp.h util/util.h.node ast/ast.h.node
     #       @echo "done" > ast/ast_pp.h.node
     def add_h_rule(self, out, include):
-        include_src_path   = '%s/%s' % (self.to_src_dir, include)
+        include_src_path   = os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, include)
         if include_src_path in _Processed_Headers:
             return
         _Processed_Headers.add(include_src_path)
         self.add_rule_for_each_include(out, include)
-        include_node = '%s/%s.node' % (self.build_dir, include)
+        include_node = '%s.node' % os.path.join(self.build_dir, include)
         out.write('%s: ' % include_node)
         self.add_cpp_h_deps(out, include)              
         out.write('\n')
@@ -612,13 +640,13 @@ class Component:
 
     def add_cpp_rules(self, out, include_defs, cppfile):
         self.add_rule_for_each_include(out, cppfile)
-        objfile = '%s/%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % (self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
-        srcfile = '%s/%s' % (self.to_src_dir, cppfile)
+        objfile = '%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % os.path.join(self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
+        srcfile = os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, cppfile)
         out.write('%s: ' % objfile)
         self.add_cpp_h_deps(out, cppfile)
         out.write('\n')
         if SHOW_CPPS:
-            out.write('\t@echo %s/%s\n' % (self.src_dir, cppfile))
+            out.write('\t@echo %s\n' % os.path.join(self.src_dir, cppfile))
         out.write('\t@$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(%s) $(CXX_OUT_FLAG)%s %s\n' % (include_defs, objfile, srcfile))
 
     def mk_makefile(self, out):
@@ -627,7 +655,7 @@ class Component:
         for dep in self.deps:
             out.write(' -I%s' % get_component(dep).to_src_dir)
         out.write('\n')
-        mk_dir('%s/%s' % (BUILD_DIR, self.build_dir))
+        mk_dir(os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, self.build_dir))
         for cppfile in get_cpp_files(self.src_dir):
             self.add_cpp_rules(out, include_defs, cppfile)
 
@@ -676,10 +704,10 @@ class LibComponent(Component):
         # generate rule for lib
         objs = []
         for cppfile in get_cpp_files(self.src_dir):
-            objfile = '%s/%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % (self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
+            objfile = '%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % os.path.join(self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
             objs.append(objfile)
 
-        libfile = '%s/%s$(LIB_EXT)' % (self.build_dir, self.name)
+        libfile = '%s$(LIB_EXT)' % os.path.join(self.build_dir, self.name)
         out.write('%s:' % libfile)
         for obj in objs:
             out.write(' ')
@@ -694,17 +722,17 @@ class LibComponent(Component):
 
     def mk_install(self, out):
         for include in self.includes2install:
-            out.write('\t@cp %s/%s $(PREFIX)/include/%s\n' % (self.to_src_dir, include, include))
+            out.write('\t@cp %s %s\n' % (os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, include), os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'include', include)))
     
     def mk_uninstall(self, out):
         for include in self.includes2install:
-            out.write('\t@rm -f $(PREFIX)/include/%s\n' % include)
+            out.write('\t@rm -f %s\n' % os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'include', include))
 
     def mk_win_dist(self, build_path, dist_path):
-        mk_dir('%s/include' % dist_path)
+        mk_dir(os.path.join(dist_path, 'include'))
         for include in self.includes2install:
-            shutil.copy('%s/%s' % (self.src_dir, include),
-                        '%s/include/%s' % (dist_path, include))        
+            shutil.copy(os.path.join(self.src_dir, include),
+                        os.path.join(dist_path, 'include', include))        
 
 # "Library" containing only .h files. This is just a placeholder for includes files to be installed.
 class HLibComponent(LibComponent):
@@ -741,14 +769,14 @@ class ExeComponent(Component):
         deps = sort_components(self.deps)
         objs = []
         for cppfile in get_cpp_files(self.src_dir):
-            objfile = '%s/%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % (self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
+            objfile = '%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % os.path.join(self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
             objs.append(objfile)
         for obj in objs:
             out.write(' ')
             out.write(obj)
         for dep in deps:
             c_dep = get_component(dep)
-            out.write(' %s/%s$(LIB_EXT)' % (c_dep.build_dir, c_dep.name))
+            out.write(' %s$(LIB_EXT)' % os.path.join(c_dep.build_dir, c_dep.name))
         out.write('\n')
         out.write('\t$(LINK) $(LINK_OUT_FLAG)%s $(LINK_FLAGS)' % exefile)
         for obj in objs:
@@ -756,7 +784,7 @@ class ExeComponent(Component):
             out.write(obj)
         for dep in deps:
             c_dep = get_component(dep)
-            out.write(' %s/%s$(LIB_EXT)' % (c_dep.build_dir, c_dep.name))
+            out.write(' %s$(LIB_EXT)' % os.path.join(c_dep.build_dir, c_dep.name))
         out.write(' $(LINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)\n')
         out.write('%s: %s\n\n' % (self.name, exefile))
 
@@ -773,17 +801,17 @@ class ExeComponent(Component):
     def mk_install(self, out):
         if self.install:
             exefile = '%s$(EXE_EXT)' % self.exe_name
-            out.write('\t@cp %s $(PREFIX)/bin/%s\n' % (exefile, exefile))
+            out.write('\t@cp %s %s\n' % (exefile, os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'bin', exefile)))
     
     def mk_uninstall(self, out):
         exefile = '%s$(EXE_EXT)' % self.exe_name
-        out.write('\t@rm -f $(PREFIX)/bin/%s\n' % exefile)
+        out.write('\t@rm -f %s\n' % os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'bin', exefile))
 
     def mk_win_dist(self, build_path, dist_path):
         if self.install:
-            mk_dir('%s/bin' % dist_path)
-            shutil.copy('%s/%s.exe' % (build_path, self.exe_name),
-                        '%s/bin/%s.exe' % (dist_path, self.exe_name))
+            mk_dir(os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin'))
+            shutil.copy('%s.exe' % os.path.join(build_path, self.exe_name),
+                        '%s.exe' % os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin', self.exe_name))
 
 
 class ExtraExeComponent(ExeComponent):
@@ -812,13 +840,13 @@ class DLLComponent(Component):
         deps = sort_components(self.deps)
         objs = []
         for cppfile in get_cpp_files(self.src_dir):
-            objfile = '%s/%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % (self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
+            objfile = '%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % os.path.join(self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
             objs.append(objfile)
         # Explicitly include obj files of reexport. This fixes problems with exported symbols on Linux and OSX.
         for reexport in self.reexports:
             reexport = get_component(reexport)
             for cppfile in get_cpp_files(reexport.src_dir):
-                objfile = '%s/%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % (reexport.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
+                objfile = '%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % os.path.join(reexport.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
                 objs.append(objfile)
         for obj in objs:
             out.write(' ')
@@ -826,7 +854,7 @@ class DLLComponent(Component):
         for dep in deps:
             if not dep in self.reexports:
                 c_dep = get_component(dep)
-                out.write(' %s/%s$(LIB_EXT)' % (c_dep.build_dir, c_dep.name))
+                out.write(' %s$(LIB_EXT)' % os.path.join(c_dep.build_dir, c_dep.name))
         out.write('\n')
         out.write('\t$(LINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)%s $(SLINK_FLAGS)' % dllfile)
         for obj in objs:
@@ -835,10 +863,10 @@ class DLLComponent(Component):
         for dep in deps:
             if not dep in self.reexports:
                 c_dep = get_component(dep)
-                out.write(' %s/%s$(LIB_EXT)' % (c_dep.build_dir, c_dep.name))
+                out.write(' %s$(LIB_EXT)' % os.path.join(c_dep.build_dir, c_dep.name))
         out.write(' $(SLINK_EXTRA_FLAGS)')
         if IS_WINDOWS:
-            out.write(' /DEF:%s/%s.def' % (self.to_src_dir, self.name))
+            out.write(' /DEF:%s.def' % os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, self.name))
         out.write('\n')
         if self.static:
             self.mk_static(out)
@@ -851,13 +879,13 @@ class DLLComponent(Component):
         # generate rule for lib
         objs = []
         for cppfile in get_cpp_files(self.src_dir):
-            objfile = '%s/%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % (self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
+            objfile = '%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % os.path.join(self.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
             objs.append(objfile)
         # we have to "reexport" all object files
         for dep in self.deps:
             dep = get_component(dep)
             for cppfile in get_cpp_files(dep.src_dir):
-                objfile = '%s/%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % (dep.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
+                objfile = '%s$(OBJ_EXT)' % os.path.join(dep.build_dir, os.path.splitext(cppfile)[0])
                 objs.append(objfile)
         libfile = '%s$(LIB_EXT)' % self.dll_name
         out.write('%s:' % libfile)
@@ -886,29 +914,29 @@ class DLLComponent(Component):
     def mk_install(self, out):
         if self.install:
             dllfile = '%s$(SO_EXT)' % self.dll_name
-            out.write('\t@cp %s $(PREFIX)/lib/%s\n' % (dllfile, dllfile))
-            out.write('\t@cp %s %s/%s\n' % (dllfile, PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR, dllfile))
+            out.write('\t@cp %s %s\n' % (dllfile, os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'lib', dllfile)))
+            out.write('\t@cp %s %s\n' % (dllfile, os.path.join(PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR, dllfile)))
             if self.static:
                 libfile = '%s$(LIB_EXT)' % self.dll_name
-                out.write('\t@cp %s $(PREFIX)/lib/%s\n' % (libfile, libfile))
+                out.write('\t@cp %s %s\n' % (libfile, os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'lib', libfile)))
             
 
     def mk_uninstall(self, out):
         dllfile = '%s$(SO_EXT)' % self.dll_name
-        out.write('\t@rm -f $(PREFIX)/lib/%s\n' % dllfile)
-        out.write('\t@rm -f %s/%s\n' % (PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR, dllfile))
+        out.write('\t@rm -f %s\n' % os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'lib', dllfile))
+        out.write('\t@rm -f %s\n' % os.path.join(PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR, dllfile))
         libfile = '%s$(LIB_EXT)' % self.dll_name
-        out.write('\t@rm -f $(PREFIX)/lib/%s\n' % libfile)
+        out.write('\t@rm -f %s\n' % os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'lib', libfile))
 
     def mk_win_dist(self, build_path, dist_path):
         if self.install:
-            mk_dir('%s/bin' % dist_path)
-            shutil.copy('%s/%s.dll' % (build_path, self.dll_name),
-                        '%s/bin/%s.dll' % (dist_path, self.dll_name))
+            mk_dir(os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin'))
+            shutil.copy('%s.dll' % os.path.join(build_path, self.dll_name),
+                        '%s.dll' % os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin', self.dll_name))
             if self.static:
-                mk_dir('%s/bin' % dist_path)
-                shutil.copy('%s/%s.lib' % (build_path, self.dll_name),
-                            '%s/bin/%s.lib' % (dist_path, self.dll_name))
+                mk_dir(os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin'))
+                shutil.copy('%s.lib' % os.path.join(build_path, self.dll_name),
+                            '%s.lib' % os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin', self.dll_name))
 
 class DotNetDLLComponent(Component):
     def __init__(self, name, dll_name, path, deps, assembly_info_dir):
@@ -925,12 +953,12 @@ class DotNetDLLComponent(Component):
             cs_fp_files = []
             cs_files    = []
             for cs_file in get_cs_files(self.src_dir):
-                cs_fp_files.append('%s/%s' % (self.to_src_dir, cs_file))
+                cs_fp_files.append(os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, cs_file))
                 cs_files.append(cs_file)
             if self.assembly_info_dir != '.':
-                for cs_file in get_cs_files('%s/%s' % (self.src_dir, self.assembly_info_dir)):
-                    cs_fp_files.append('%s/%s/%s' % (self.to_src_dir, self.assembly_info_dir, cs_file))
-                    cs_files.append('%s\%s' % (self.assembly_info_dir, cs_file))
+                for cs_file in get_cs_files(os.path.join(self.src_dir, self.assembly_info_dir)):
+                    cs_fp_files.append(os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, self.assembly_info_dir, cs_file))
+                    cs_files.append(os.path.join(self.assembly_info_dir, cs_file))
             dllfile = '%s.dll' % self.dll_name
             out.write('%s:' % dllfile)
             for cs_file in cs_fp_files:
@@ -944,8 +972,8 @@ class DotNetDLLComponent(Component):
             out.write('\n')
             # HACK
             win_to_src_dir = self.to_src_dir.replace('/', '\\')
-            out.write('  move %s\%s\n' % (win_to_src_dir, dllfile))
-            out.write('  move %s\%s.pdb\n' % (win_to_src_dir, self.dll_name))
+            out.write('  move %s\n' % os.path.join(win_to_src_dir, dllfile))
+            out.write('  move %s.pdb\n' % os.path.join(win_to_src_dir, self.dll_name))
             out.write('%s: %s\n\n' % (self.name, dllfile))
             return
     
@@ -958,9 +986,9 @@ class DotNetDLLComponent(Component):
     def mk_win_dist(self, build_path, dist_path):
         if DOTNET_ENABLED:
             # Assuming all DotNET dll should be in the distribution
-            mk_dir('%s/bin' % dist_path)
-            shutil.copy('%s/%s.dll' % (build_path, self.dll_name),
-                        '%s/bin/%s.dll' % (dist_path, self.dll_name))
+            mk_dir(os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin'))
+            shutil.copy('%s.dll' % os.path.join(build_path, self.dll_name),
+                        '%s.dll' % os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin', self.dll_name))
 
 
 class JavaDLLComponent(Component):
@@ -974,9 +1002,9 @@ class JavaDLLComponent(Component):
 
     def mk_makefile(self, out):
         if is_java_enabled():
-            mk_dir(BUILD_DIR+'/api/java/classes')
+            mk_dir(os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, 'api', 'java', 'classes'))
             dllfile = '%s$(SO_EXT)' % self.dll_name            
-            out.write('libz3java$(SO_EXT): libz3$(SO_EXT) %s/Native.cpp\n' % self.to_src_dir)
+            out.write('libz3java$(SO_EXT): libz3$(SO_EXT) %s\n' % os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, 'Native.cpp'))
             t = '\t$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CXX_OUT_FLAG)api/java/Native$(OBJ_EXT) -I"%s/include" -I"%s/include/PLATFORM" -I%s %s/Native.cpp\n' % (JAVA_HOME, JAVA_HOME, get_component('api').to_src_dir, self.to_src_dir)
             if IS_OSX:
                 t = t.replace('PLATFORM', 'darwin')
@@ -986,25 +1014,29 @@ class JavaDLLComponent(Component):
                 t = t.replace('PLATFORM', 'win32')
             out.write(t)
             if IS_WINDOWS: # On Windows, CL creates a .lib file to link against.
-                out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) api/java/Native$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(LIB_EXT)\n')
+                out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) %s$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(LIB_EXT)\n' %
+                          os.path.join('api', 'java', 'Native'))
             else:
-                out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) api/java/Native$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(SO_EXT)\n')
+                out.write('\t$(SLINK) $(SLINK_OUT_FLAG)libz3java$(SO_EXT) $(SLINK_FLAGS) %s$(OBJ_EXT) libz3$(SO_EXT)\n' %
+                          os.path.join('api', 'java', 'Native'))
             out.write('%s.jar: libz3java$(SO_EXT) ' % self.package_name)
             deps = ''
             for jfile in get_java_files(self.src_dir):
-                deps += ('%s/%s ' % (self.to_src_dir, jfile))
-            for jfile in get_java_files((self.src_dir + "/enumerations")):
-                deps += ('%s/enumerations/%s ' % (self.to_src_dir, jfile))
-            if IS_WINDOWS: deps = deps.replace('/', '\\')
+                deps += ('%s ' % os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, jfile))
+            for jfile in get_java_files(os.path.join(self.src_dir, "enumerations")):
+                deps += '%s ' % os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, 'enumerations', jfile)
             out.write(deps)
             out.write('\n')
-            t = ('\t%s %s/enumerations/*.java -d api/java/classes\n' % (JAVAC, self.to_src_dir))
-            if IS_WINDOWS: t = t.replace('/','\\')
+            t = ('\t%s %s.java -d %s\n' % (JAVAC, os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, 'enumerations', '*'), os.path.join('api', 'java', 'classes')))
             out.write(t)
-            t = ('\t%s -cp api/java/classes %s/*.java -d api/java/classes\n' % (JAVAC, self.to_src_dir))
-            if IS_WINDOWS: t = t.replace('/','\\')
+            t = ('\t%s -cp %s %s.java -d %s\n' % (JAVAC, 
+                                                  os.path.join('api', 'java', 'classes'), 
+                                                  os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, '*'), 
+                                                  os.path.join('api', 'java', 'classes')))
             out.write(t)
-            out.write('\tjar cfm %s.jar %s/manifest -C api/java/classes .\n' % (self.package_name, self.to_src_dir))
+            out.write('\tjar cfm %s.jar %s -C %s .\n' % (self.package_name, 
+                                                         os.path.join(self.to_src_dir, 'manifest'), 
+                                                         os.path.join('api', 'java', 'classes')))
             out.write('java: %s.jar\n\n' % self.package_name)
     
     def main_component(self):
@@ -1014,8 +1046,8 @@ class JavaDLLComponent(Component):
 class ExampleComponent(Component):
     def __init__(self, name, path):
         Component.__init__(self, name, path, [])
-        self.ex_dir   = '%s/%s' % (EXAMPLE_DIR, self.path)
-        self.to_ex_dir = '%s/%s' % (REV_BUILD_DIR, self.ex_dir)
+        self.ex_dir   = os.path.join(EXAMPLE_DIR, self.path)
+        self.to_ex_dir = os.path.join(REV_BUILD_DIR, self.ex_dir)
 
     def is_example(self):
         return True
@@ -1038,7 +1070,7 @@ class CppExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
         out.write('%s: %s' % (exefile, dll))
         for cppfile in self.src_files():
             out.write(' ')
-            out.write('%s/%s' % (self.to_ex_dir, cppfile))
+            out.write(os.path.join(self.to_ex_dir, cppfile))
         out.write('\n')
         out.write('\t%s $(LINK_OUT_FLAG)%s $(LINK_FLAGS)' % (self.compiler(), exefile))
         # Add include dir components
@@ -1046,7 +1078,7 @@ class CppExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
         out.write(' -I%s' % get_component(CPP_COMPONENT).to_src_dir)
         for cppfile in self.src_files():
             out.write(' ')
-            out.write('%s/%s' % (self.to_ex_dir, cppfile))
+            out.write(os.path.join(self.to_ex_dir, cppfile))
         out.write(' ')
         if IS_WINDOWS:
             out.write('%s.lib' % dll_name)
@@ -1080,7 +1112,7 @@ class DotNetExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
             out.write('%s: %s' % (exefile, dll))
             for csfile in get_cs_files(self.ex_dir):
                 out.write(' ')
-                out.write('%s/%s' % (self.to_ex_dir, csfile))
+                out.write(os.path.join(self.to_ex_dir, csfile))
             out.write('\n')
             out.write('\tcsc /out:%s /reference:%s /debug:full /reference:System.Numerics.dll' % (exefile, dll))
             if VS_X64:
@@ -1091,7 +1123,7 @@ class DotNetExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
                 out.write(' ')
                 # HACK
                 win_ex_dir = self.to_ex_dir.replace('/', '\\')
-                out.write('%s\\%s' % (win_ex_dir, csfile))
+                out.write(os.path.join(win_ex_dir, csfile))
             out.write('\n')
             out.write('_ex_%s: %s\n\n' % (self.name, exefile))
 
@@ -1108,7 +1140,7 @@ class JavaExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
             out.write('_ex_%s: %s' % (self.name, pkg))
             deps = ''
             for jfile in get_java_files(self.ex_dir):
-                out.write(' %s/%s' % (self.to_ex_dir, jfile))
+                out.write(' %s' % os.path.join(self.to_ex_dir, jfile))
             if IS_WINDOWS:
                 deps = deps.replace('/', '\\')
             out.write('%s\n' % deps)
@@ -1116,7 +1148,7 @@ class JavaExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
             win_ex_dir = self.to_ex_dir
             for javafile in get_java_files(self.ex_dir):
                 out.write(' ')
-                out.write('%s/%s' % (win_ex_dir, javafile))
+                out.write(os.path.join(win_ex_dir, javafile))
             out.write(' -d .\n\n')
 
 class PythonExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
@@ -1126,9 +1158,9 @@ class PythonExampleComponent(ExampleComponent):
     # Python examples are just placeholders, we just copy the *.py files when mk_makefile is invoked.
     # We don't need to include them in the :examples rule
     def mk_makefile(self, out):
-        full = '%s/%s' % (EXAMPLE_DIR, self.path)
+        full = os.path.join(EXAMPLE_DIR, self.path)
         for py in filter(lambda f: f.endswith('.py'), os.listdir(full)):
-            shutil.copyfile('%s/%s' % (full, py), '%s/%s' % (BUILD_DIR, py))
+            shutil.copyfile(os.path.join(full, py), os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, py))
             if is_verbose():
                 print "Copied Z3Py example '%s' to '%s'" % (py, BUILD_DIR)
         out.write('_ex_%s: \n\n' % self.name)
@@ -1195,7 +1227,7 @@ def add_z3py_example(name, path=None):
 def mk_config():
     if ONLY_MAKEFILES:
         return
-    config = open('%s/config.mk' % BUILD_DIR, 'w')
+    config = open(os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, 'config.mk'), 'w')
     if IS_WINDOWS:
         config.write(
             'CC=cl\n'
@@ -1268,22 +1300,26 @@ def mk_config():
         else:
             CPPFLAGS = '%s -D_MP_INTERNAL' % CPPFLAGS
         CXXFLAGS = '%s -c' % CXXFLAGS
-        if is_CXX_gpp():
+        HAS_OMP = test_openmp(CXX)
+        if HAS_OMP:
             CXXFLAGS = '%s -fopenmp -mfpmath=sse' % CXXFLAGS
             LDFLAGS  = '%s -fopenmp' % LDFLAGS
             SLIBEXTRAFLAGS = '-fopenmp'
         else:
-            # CLang does not support OMP
             CXXFLAGS = '%s -D_NO_OMP_' % CXXFLAGS
             SLIBEXTRAFLAGS = ''
+        if DEBUG_MODE:
+            CXXFLAGS     = '%s -g -Wall' % CXXFLAGS
+        else:
+            CXXFLAGS     = '%s -O3 -D _EXTERNAL_RELEASE -fomit-frame-pointer' % CXXFLAGS
+        if is_CXX_clangpp():
+            CXXFLAGS   = '%s -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-overloaded-virtual -Wno-unused-value' % CXXFLAGS
         sysname = os.uname()[0]
         if sysname == 'Darwin':
             SO_EXT    = '.dylib'
             SLIBFLAGS = '-dynamiclib'
         elif sysname == 'Linux':
             CXXFLAGS       = '%s -fno-strict-aliasing -D_LINUX_' % CXXFLAGS
-            if is_CXX_clangpp():
-                CXXFLAGS   = '%s -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-overloaded-virtual -Wno-unused-value' % CXXFLAGS
             SO_EXT         = '.so'
             LDFLAGS        = '%s -lrt' % LDFLAGS
             SLIBFLAGS      = '-shared'
@@ -1309,10 +1345,6 @@ def mk_config():
             CPPFLAGS     = '%s -DZ3DEBUG' % CPPFLAGS
         if TRACE or DEBUG_MODE:
             CPPFLAGS     = '%s -D_TRACE' % CPPFLAGS
-        if DEBUG_MODE:
-            CXXFLAGS     = '%s -g -Wall' % CXXFLAGS
-        else:
-            CXXFLAGS     = '%s -O3 -D _EXTERNAL_RELEASE -fomit-frame-pointer' % CXXFLAGS
         CXXFLAGS         = '%s -msse -msse2' % CXXFLAGS
         config.write('PREFIX=%s\n' % PREFIX)
         config.write('CC=%s\n' % CC)
@@ -1339,6 +1371,7 @@ def mk_config():
             print 'C++ Compiler:   %s' % CXX
             print 'C Compiler  :   %s' % CC
             print 'Arithmetic:     %s' % ARITH
+            print 'OpenMP:         %s' % HAS_OMP
             print 'Prefix:         %s' % PREFIX
             print '64-bit:         %s' % is64()
             if is_java_enabled():
@@ -1348,9 +1381,9 @@ def mk_config():
 
 def mk_install(out):
     out.write('install:\n')
-    out.write('\t@mkdir -p $(PREFIX)/bin\n')
-    out.write('\t@mkdir -p $(PREFIX)/include\n')
-    out.write('\t@mkdir -p $(PREFIX)/lib\n')
+    out.write('\t@mkdir -p %s\n' % os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'bin'))
+    out.write('\t@mkdir -p %s\n' % os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'include'))
+    out.write('\t@mkdir -p %s\n' % os.path.join('$(PREFIX)', 'lib'))
     for c in get_components():
         c.mk_install(out)
     out.write('\t@cp z3*.pyc %s\n' % PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR)
@@ -1361,7 +1394,7 @@ def mk_uninstall(out):
     out.write('uninstall:\n')
     for c in get_components():
         c.mk_uninstall(out)
-    out.write('\t@rm -f %s/z3*.pyc\n' % PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR)
+    out.write('\t@rm -f %s*.pyc\n' % os.path.join(PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR, 'z3'))
     out.write('\t@echo Z3 was successfully uninstalled.\n')
     out.write('\n')    
 
@@ -1370,9 +1403,9 @@ def mk_makefile():
     mk_dir(BUILD_DIR)
     mk_config()
     if VERBOSE:
-        print "Writing %s/Makefile" % BUILD_DIR
-    out = open('%s/Makefile' % BUILD_DIR, 'w')
-    out.write('# Automatically generated file. Generator: scripts/mk_make.py\n')
+        print "Writing %s" % os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, 'Makefile')
+    out = open(os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, 'Makefile'), 'w')
+    out.write('# Automatically generated file.\n')
     out.write('include config.mk\n')
     # Generate :all rule
     out.write('all:')
@@ -1412,7 +1445,7 @@ def mk_makefile():
             else:
                 print "  platform: x86"
                 print "To build Z3, open a [Visual Studio Command Prompt], then"
-            print "type 'cd %s/%s && nmake'\n" % (os.getcwd(), BUILD_DIR)
+            print "type 'cd %s && nmake'\n" % os.path.join(os.getcwd(), BUILD_DIR)
             print 'Remark: to open a Visual Studio Command Prompt, go to: "Start > All Programs > Visual Studio > Visual Studio Tools"'
         else:
             print "Type 'cd %s; make' to build Z3" % BUILD_DIR
@@ -1459,7 +1492,10 @@ def pyg_default_as_c_literal(p):
         return '"%s"' % p[2]
     elif p[1] == SYMBOL:
         return 'symbol("%s")' % p[2]
-    return p[2]
+    elif p[1] == UINT:
+        return '%su' % p[2]
+    else:
+        return p[2]
 
 def to_c_method(s):
     return s.replace('.', '_')
@@ -1472,6 +1508,8 @@ def def_module_params(module_name, export, params, class_name=None, description=
     hpp = os.path.join(dirname, '%s.hpp' % class_name)
     out = open(hpp, 'w')
     out.write('// Automatically generated file\n')
+    out.write('#ifndef __%s_HPP_\n' % class_name.upper())
+    out.write('#define __%s_HPP_\n' % class_name.upper())
     out.write('#include"params.h"\n')
     if export:
         out.write('#include"gparams.h"\n')
@@ -1479,7 +1517,7 @@ def def_module_params(module_name, export, params, class_name=None, description=
     out.write('  params_ref const & p;\n')
     if export:
         out.write('  params_ref g;\n')
-    out.write('  %s(params_ref const & _p = params_ref()):\n' % class_name)
+    out.write('  %s(params_ref const & _p = params_ref::get_empty()):\n' % class_name)
     out.write('     p(_p)')
     if export:
         out.write(', g(gparams::get_module("%s"))' % module_name)
@@ -1503,6 +1541,7 @@ def def_module_params(module_name, export, params, class_name=None, description=
             out.write('  %s %s() const { return p.%s("%s", %s); }\n' % 
                       (TYPE2CTYPE[param[1]], to_c_method(param[0]), TYPE2GETTER[param[1]], param[0], pyg_default_as_c_literal(param)))
     out.write('};\n')
+    out.write('#endif\n')
     if is_verbose():
         print "Generated '%s'" % hpp
 
@@ -1532,14 +1571,14 @@ def exec_pyg_scripts():
 # database.smt ==> database.h
 def mk_pat_db():
     c = get_component(PATTERN_COMPONENT)
-    fin  = open('%s/database.smt2' % c.src_dir, 'r')
-    fout = open('%s/database.h'  % c.src_dir, 'w')
+    fin  = open(os.path.join(c.src_dir, 'database.smt2'), 'r')
+    fout = open(os.path.join(c.src_dir, 'database.h'), 'w')
     fout.write('char const * g_pattern_database =\n')
     for line in fin:
         fout.write('"%s\\n"\n' % line.strip('\n'))
     fout.write(';\n')    
     if VERBOSE:
-        print "Generated '%s/database.h'" % c.src_dir
+        print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(c.src_dir, 'database.h')
 
 # Update version numbers
 def update_version():
@@ -1557,32 +1596,32 @@ def update_version():
 # Update files with the version number
 def mk_version_dot_h(major, minor, build, revision):
     c = get_component(UTIL_COMPONENT)
-    fout = open('%s/version.h' % c.src_dir, 'w')
+    fout = open(os.path.join(c.src_dir, 'version.h'), 'w')
     fout.write('// automatically generated file.\n')
     fout.write('#define Z3_MAJOR_VERSION   %s\n' % major)
     fout.write('#define Z3_MINOR_VERSION   %s\n' % minor)
     fout.write('#define Z3_BUILD_NUMBER    %s\n' % build)
     fout.write('#define Z3_REVISION_NUMBER %s\n' % revision)
     if VERBOSE:
-        print "Generated '%s/version.h'" % c.src_dir
+        print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(c.src_dir, 'version.h')
 
 # Update version number in AssemblyInfo.cs files
 def update_all_assembly_infos(major, minor, build, revision):
     for c in get_components():
         if c.has_assembly_info():
-            assembly = '%s/%s/AssemblyInfo.cs' % (c.src_dir, c.assembly_info_dir)
+            assembly = os.path.join(c.src_dir, c.assembly_info_dir, 'AssemblyInfo.cs')
             if os.path.exists(assembly):
                 # It is a CS file
                 update_assembly_info_version(assembly,
                                              major, minor, build, revision, False)
             else:
-                assembly = '%s/%s/AssemblyInfo.cpp' % (c.src_dir, c.assembly_info_dir)
+                assembly = os.path.join(c.src_dir, c.assembly_info_dir, 'AssemblyInfo.cs')
                 if os.path.exists(assembly):
                     # It is a cpp file
                     update_assembly_info_version(assembly,
                                                  major, minor, build, revision, True)
                 else:
-                    raise MKException("Failed to find assembly info file at '%s/%s'" % (c.src_dir, c.assembly_info_dir))
+                    raise MKException("Failed to find assembly info file at '%s'" % os.path.join(c.src_dir, c.assembly_info_dir))
                     
                 
 # Update version number in the given AssemblyInfo.cs files
@@ -1641,7 +1680,7 @@ def mk_install_tactic_cpp(cnames, path):
     global ADD_TACTIC_DATA, ADD_PROBE_DATA
     ADD_TACTIC_DATA = []
     ADD_PROBE_DATA = []
-    fullname = '%s/install_tactic.cpp' % path
+    fullname = os.path.join(path, 'install_tactic.cpp')
     fout  = open(fullname, 'w')
     fout.write('// Automatically generated file.\n')
     fout.write('#include"tactic.h"\n')
@@ -1654,7 +1693,7 @@ def mk_install_tactic_cpp(cnames, path):
         h_files = filter(lambda f: f.endswith('.h') or f.endswith('.hpp'), os.listdir(c.src_dir))
         for h_file in h_files:
             added_include = False
-            fin = open("%s/%s" % (c.src_dir, h_file), 'r')
+            fin = open(os.path.join(c.src_dir, h_file), 'r')
             for line in fin:
                 if tactic_pat.match(line):
                     if not added_include:
@@ -1707,7 +1746,7 @@ def mk_all_install_tactic_cpps():
 def mk_mem_initializer_cpp(cnames, path):
     initializer_cmds = []
     finalizer_cmds   = []
-    fullname = '%s/mem_initializer.cpp' % path
+    fullname = os.path.join(path, 'mem_initializer.cpp')
     fout  = open(fullname, 'w')
     fout.write('// Automatically generated file.\n')
     initializer_pat      = re.compile('[ \t]*ADD_INITIALIZER\(\'([^\']*)\'\)')
@@ -1719,7 +1758,7 @@ def mk_mem_initializer_cpp(cnames, path):
         h_files = filter(lambda f: f.endswith('.h') or f.endswith('.hpp'), os.listdir(c.src_dir))
         for h_file in h_files:
             added_include = False
-            fin = open("%s/%s" % (c.src_dir, h_file), 'r')
+            fin = open(os.path.join(c.src_dir, h_file), 'r')
             for line in fin:
                 m = initializer_pat.match(line)
                 if m:
@@ -1770,7 +1809,7 @@ def mk_gparams_register_modules(cnames, path):
     cmds = []
     mod_cmds = []
     mod_descrs = []
-    fullname = '%s/gparams_register_modules.cpp' % path
+    fullname = os.path.join(path, 'gparams_register_modules.cpp')
     fout  = open(fullname, 'w')
     fout.write('// Automatically generated file.\n')
     fout.write('#include"gparams.h"\n')
@@ -1782,7 +1821,7 @@ def mk_gparams_register_modules(cnames, path):
         h_files = filter(lambda f: f.endswith('.h') or f.endswith('.hpp'), os.listdir(c.src_dir))
         for h_file in h_files:
             added_include = False
-            fin = open("%s/%s" % (c.src_dir, h_file), 'r')
+            fin = open(os.path.join(c.src_dir, h_file), 'r')
             for line in fin:
                 m = reg_pat.match(line)
                 if m:
@@ -1822,13 +1861,13 @@ def mk_all_gparams_register_modules():
 # Generate a .def based on the files at c.export_files slot.
 def mk_def_file(c):
     pat1 = re.compile(".*Z3_API.*")
-    defname = '%s/%s.def' % (c.src_dir, c.name)
+    defname = '%s.def' % os.path.join(c.src_dir, c.name)
     fout = open(defname, 'w')
     fout.write('LIBRARY "%s"\nEXPORTS\n' % c.dll_name)
     num = 1
     for dot_h in c.export_files:
         dot_h_c = c.find_file(dot_h, c.name)
-        api = open('%s/%s' % (dot_h_c.src_dir, dot_h), 'r')
+        api = open(os.path.join(dot_h_c.src_dir, dot_h), 'r')
         for line in api:
             m = pat1.match(line)
             if m:
@@ -1855,11 +1894,11 @@ def cp_z3pyc_to_build():
         raise MKException("failed to compile Z3Py sources")
     for pyc in filter(lambda f: f.endswith('.pyc'), os.listdir(Z3PY_SRC_DIR)):
         try:
-            os.remove('%s/%s' % (BUILD_DIR, pyc))
+            os.remove(os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, pyc))
         except:
             pass
-        shutil.copyfile('%s/%s' % (Z3PY_SRC_DIR, pyc), '%s/%s' % (BUILD_DIR, pyc))
-        os.remove('%s/%s' % (Z3PY_SRC_DIR, pyc))
+        shutil.copyfile(os.path.join(Z3PY_SRC_DIR, pyc), os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, pyc))
+        os.remove(os.path.join(Z3PY_SRC_DIR, pyc))
         if is_verbose():
             print "Generated '%s'" % pyc
 
@@ -1871,13 +1910,13 @@ def mk_bindings(api_files):
         api = get_component(API_COMPONENT)
         for api_file in api_files:
             api_file_path = api.find_file(api_file, api.name)
-            new_api_files.append('%s/%s' % (api_file_path.src_dir, api_file))
+            new_api_files.append(os.path.join(api_file_path.src_dir, api_file))
         g = {}
         g["API_FILES"] = new_api_files
         if is_java_enabled():
             check_java()
             mk_z3consts_java(api_files)
-        execfile('scripts/update_api.py', g) # HACK
+        execfile(os.path.join('scripts', 'update_api.py'), g) # HACK
         cp_z3pyc_to_build()
                           
 # Extract enumeration types from API files, and add python definitions.
@@ -1892,14 +1931,14 @@ def mk_z3consts_py(api_files):
     openbrace_pat  = re.compile("{ *")
     closebrace_pat = re.compile("}.*;")
 
-    z3consts  = open('%s/z3consts.py' % Z3PY_SRC_DIR, 'w')
+    z3consts  = open(os.path.join(Z3PY_SRC_DIR, 'z3consts.py'), 'w')
     z3consts.write('# Automatically generated file\n\n')
 
     api_dll = get_component(Z3_DLL_COMPONENT)
 
     for api_file in api_files:
         api_file_c = api_dll.find_file(api_file, api_dll.name)
-        api_file   = '%s/%s' % (api_file_c.src_dir, api_file)
+        api_file   = os.path.join(api_file_c.src_dir, api_file)
         api = open(api_file, 'r')
 
         SEARCHING  = 0
@@ -1955,7 +1994,7 @@ def mk_z3consts_py(api_files):
                     idx = idx + 1
             linenum = linenum + 1
     if VERBOSE:
-        print "Generated '%s'" % ('%s/z3consts.py' % Z3PY_SRC_DIR)
+        print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(Z3PY_SRC_DIR, 'z3consts.py')
                 
 
 # Extract enumeration types from z3_api.h, and add .Net definitions
@@ -1970,7 +2009,7 @@ def mk_z3consts_dotnet(api_files):
     dotnet = get_component(DOTNET_COMPONENT)
 
     DeprecatedEnums = [ 'Z3_search_failure' ]
-    z3consts  = open('%s/Enumerations.cs' % dotnet.src_dir, 'w')
+    z3consts  = open(os.path.join(dotnet.src_dir, 'Enumerations.cs'), 'w')
     z3consts.write('// Automatically generated file\n\n')
     z3consts.write('using System;\n\n'
                    '#pragma warning disable 1591\n\n'
@@ -1979,7 +2018,7 @@ def mk_z3consts_dotnet(api_files):
 
     for api_file in api_files:
         api_file_c = dotnet.find_file(api_file, dotnet.name)
-        api_file   = '%s/%s' % (api_file_c.src_dir, api_file)
+        api_file   = os.path.join(api_file_c.src_dir, api_file)
 
         api = open(api_file, 'r')
 
@@ -2040,7 +2079,7 @@ def mk_z3consts_dotnet(api_files):
             linenum = linenum + 1
     z3consts.write('}\n');
     if VERBOSE:
-        print "Generated '%s'" % ('%s/Enumerations.cs' % dotnet.src_dir)
+        print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(dotnet.src_dir, 'Enumerations.cs')
 
 
 # Extract enumeration types from z3_api.h, and add Java definitions
@@ -2055,13 +2094,13 @@ def mk_z3consts_java(api_files):
     java = get_component(JAVA_COMPONENT)
 
     DeprecatedEnums = [ 'Z3_search_failure' ]
-    gendir = java.src_dir + "/enumerations"
+    gendir = os.path.join(java.src_dir, "enumerations")
     if not os.path.exists(gendir):
         os.mkdir(gendir)
 
     for api_file in api_files:
         api_file_c = java.find_file(api_file, java.name)
-        api_file   = '%s/%s' % (api_file_c.src_dir, api_file)
+        api_file   = os.path.join(api_file_c.src_dir, api_file)
 
         api = open(api_file, 'r')
 
@@ -2104,7 +2143,7 @@ def mk_z3consts_java(api_files):
                 if m:
                     name = words[1]
                     if name not in DeprecatedEnums:
-                        efile  = open('%s/%s.java' % (gendir, name), 'w')
+                        efile  = open('%s.java' % os.path.join(gendir, name), 'w')
                         efile.write('/**\n *  Automatically generated file\n **/\n\n')
                         efile.write('package %s.enumerations;\n\n' % java.package_name);
 
@@ -2153,7 +2192,7 @@ def mk_gui_str(id):
 def mk_vs_proj(name, components):
     if not VS_PROJ:
         return
-    proj_name = '%s/%s.vcxproj' % (BUILD_DIR, name)
+    proj_name = '%s.vcxproj' % os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, name)
     modes=['Debug', 'Release']
     PLATFORMS=['Win32']
     f = open(proj_name, 'w')
@@ -2225,7 +2264,7 @@ def mk_vs_proj(name, components):
     for dep in deps:
         dep = get_component(dep)
         for cpp in filter(lambda f: f.endswith('.cpp'), os.listdir(dep.src_dir)):
-            f.write('    <ClCompile Include="%s/%s" />\n' % (dep.to_src_dir, cpp))
+            f.write('    <ClCompile Include="%s" />\n' % os.path.join(dep.to_src_dir, cpp))
     f.write('  </ItemGroup>\n')
     f.write('  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />\n')
     f.write('  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">\n')
@@ -2239,8 +2278,8 @@ def mk_win_dist(build_path, dist_path):
         c.mk_win_dist(build_path, dist_path)
     # Add Z3Py to lib directory
     for pyc in filter(lambda f: f.endswith('.pyc'), os.listdir(build_path)):
-        shutil.copy('%s/%s' % (build_path, pyc),
-                    '%s/bin/%s' % (dist_path, pyc))
+        shutil.copy(os.path.join(build_path, pyc),
+                    os.path.join(dist_path, 'bin', pyc))
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

scripts/mk_win_dist.py

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def mk_build_dirs():
 def check_vc_cmd_prompt():
     try:
         DEVNULL = open(os.devnull, 'wb')
-        subprocess.call(['cl'], stdin=DEVNULL, stderr=DEVNULL)
+        subprocess.call(['cl'], stdout=DEVNULL, stderr=DEVNULL)
     except:
         raise MKException("You must execute the mk_win_dist.py script on a Visual Studio Command Prompt")
 

scripts/update_api.py

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ from mk_exception import *
 api_dir     = get_component('api').src_dir
 dotnet_dir  = get_component('dotnet').src_dir
 
-log_h   = open('%s/api_log_macros.h' % api_dir, 'w')
-log_c   = open('%s/api_log_macros.cpp' % api_dir, 'w')
-exe_c   = open('%s/api_commands.cpp' % api_dir, 'w')
-core_py = open('%s/z3core.py' % get_z3py_dir(), 'w')
-dotnet_fileout = '%s/Native.cs' % dotnet_dir
+log_h   = open(os.path.join(api_dir, 'api_log_macros.h'), 'w')
+log_c   = open(os.path.join(api_dir, 'api_log_macros.cpp'), 'w')
+exe_c   = open(os.path.join(api_dir, 'api_commands.cpp'), 'w')
+core_py = open(os.path.join(get_z3py_dir(), 'z3core.py'), 'w')
+dotnet_fileout = os.path.join(dotnet_dir, 'Native.cs')
 ##
 log_h.write('// Automatically generated file\n')
 log_h.write('#include\"z3.h\"\n')
@@ -479,8 +479,8 @@ def mk_java():
     if not is_java_enabled():
         return
     java_dir      = get_component('java').src_dir
-    java_nativef  = '%s/Native.java' % java_dir
-    java_wrapperf = '%s/Native.cpp' % java_dir 
+    java_nativef  = os.path.join(java_dir, 'Native.java')
+    java_wrapperf = os.path.join(java_dir, 'Native.cpp')
     java_native   = open(java_nativef, 'w')
     java_native.write('// Automatically generated file\n')
     java_native.write('package %s;\n' % get_component('java').package_name)
@@ -981,8 +981,8 @@ exe_c.close()
 core_py.close()
 
 if is_verbose():
-    print "Generated '%s'" % ('%s/api_log_macros.h' % api_dir)
-    print "Generated '%s'" % ('%s/api_log_macros.cpp' % api_dir)
-    print "Generated '%s'" % ('%s/api_commands.cpp' % api_dir)
-    print "Generated '%s'" % ('%s/z3core.py' % get_z3py_dir())
-    print "Generated '%s'" % ('%s/Native.cs' % dotnet_dir)
+    print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(api_dir, 'api_log_macros.h')
+    print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(api_dir, 'api_log_macros.cpp')
+    print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(api_dir, 'api_commands.cpp')
+    print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(get_z3py_dir(), 'z3core.py')
+    print "Generated '%s'" % os.path.join(dotnet_dir, 'Native.cs')

src/api/api_algebraic.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    api_algebraic.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Additional APIs for handling Z3 algebraic numbers encoded as 
+    Z3_ASTs
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-12-07
+
+Notes:
+    
+--*/
+#include<iostream>
+#include"z3.h"
+#include"api_log_macros.h"
+#include"api_context.h"
+#include"api_ast_vector.h"
+#include"algebraic_numbers.h"
+#include"expr2polynomial.h"
+#include"cancel_eh.h"
+#include"scoped_timer.h"
+
+
+#define CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC(ARG, RET) {          \
+    if (!Z3_algebraic_is_value_core(c, ARG)) {  \
+        SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);         \
+        return RET;                             \
+    }                                           \
+}
+
+#define CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(ARG, RET) {        \
+    if (!Z3_algebraic_is_value_core(c, ARG)) {  \
+        SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);         \
+        RETURN_Z3(RET);                         \
+    }                                           \
+}
+
+static arith_util & au(Z3_context c) {
+    return mk_c(c)->autil();
+}
+
+static algebraic_numbers::manager & am(Z3_context c) {
+    return au(c).am();
+}
+
+static bool is_rational(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+    return au(c).is_numeral(to_expr(a));
+}
+
+static bool is_irrational(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+    return au(c).is_irrational_algebraic_numeral(to_expr(a));
+}
+
+static rational get_rational(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+    SASSERT(is_rational(c, a));
+    rational r;
+    VERIFY(au(c).is_numeral(to_expr(a), r));
+    return r;
+}
+
+static algebraic_numbers::anum const & get_irrational(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+    SASSERT(is_irrational(c, a));
+    return au(c).to_irrational_algebraic_numeral(to_expr(a));
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+
+    bool Z3_algebraic_is_value_core(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+        api::context * _c = mk_c(c);
+        return 
+            is_expr(a) && 
+            (_c->autil().is_numeral(to_expr(a)) || 
+             _c->autil().is_irrational_algebraic_numeral(to_expr(a)));
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_is_value(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        return Z3_algebraic_is_value_core(c, a) ? Z3_TRUE : Z3_FALSE;
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(Z3_FALSE);
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_is_pos(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+        return Z3_algebraic_sign(c, a) > 0;
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_is_neg(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+        return Z3_algebraic_sign(c, a) < 0;
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_is_zero(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+        return Z3_algebraic_sign(c, a) == 0;
+    }
+
+    int Z3_API Z3_algebraic_sign(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_sign(c, a);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC(a, 0);
+        if (is_rational(c, a)) {
+            rational v = get_rational(c, a);
+            if (v.is_pos()) return 1;
+            else if (v.is_neg()) return -1;
+            else return 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            algebraic_numbers::anum const & v = get_irrational(c, a);
+            if (am(c).is_pos(v)) return 1;
+            else if (am(c).is_neg(v)) return -1;
+            else return 0;
+        }
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+#define BIN_OP(RAT_OP, IRAT_OP)                                         \
+        algebraic_numbers::manager & _am = am(c);                       \
+        ast * r = 0;                                                    \
+        if (is_rational(c, a)) {                                        \
+            rational av = get_rational(c, a);                           \
+            if (is_rational(c, b)) {                                    \
+                rational bv = get_rational(c, b);                       \
+                r = au(c).mk_numeral(av RAT_OP bv, false);              \
+            }                                                           \
+            else {                                                      \
+                algebraic_numbers::anum const & bv = get_irrational(c, b); \
+                scoped_anum _av(_am);                                   \
+                _am.set(_av, av.to_mpq());                              \
+                scoped_anum _r(_am);                                    \
+                _am.IRAT_OP(_av, bv, _r);                               \
+                r = au(c).mk_numeral(_r, false);                        \
+            }                                                           \
+        }                                                               \
+        else {                                                          \
+            algebraic_numbers::anum const & av = get_irrational(c, a);  \
+            if (is_rational(c, b)) {                                    \
+                rational bv = get_rational(c, b);                       \
+                scoped_anum _bv(_am);                                   \
+                _am.set(_bv, bv.to_mpq());                              \
+                scoped_anum _r(_am);                                    \
+                _am.IRAT_OP(av, _bv, _r);                               \
+                r = au(c).mk_numeral(_r, false);                        \
+            }                                                           \
+            else {                                                      \
+                algebraic_numbers::anum const & bv = get_irrational(c, b); \
+                scoped_anum _r(_am);                                    \
+                _am.IRAT_OP(av, bv, _r);                                \
+                r = au(c).mk_numeral(_r, false);                        \
+            }                                                           \
+        }                                                               \
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(r);                                     \
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(r));
+
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_add(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_add(c, a, b);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();                                             
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(a, 0);                                       
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(b, 0);                                       
+        BIN_OP(+,add);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_sub(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_sub(c, a, b);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();                                             
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(a, 0);                                       
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(b, 0);                                       
+        BIN_OP(-,sub);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_mul(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_mul(c, a, b);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();                                             
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(a, 0);                                       
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(b, 0);                                       
+        BIN_OP(*,mul);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_div(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_div(c, a, b);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(a, 0);
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(b, 0);
+        if ((is_rational(c, b) && get_rational(c, b).is_zero()) ||
+            (!is_rational(c, b) && am(c).is_zero(get_irrational(c, b)))) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);
+            RETURN_Z3(0);
+        }
+        BIN_OP(/,div);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_root(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, unsigned k) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_root(c, a, k);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(a, 0);
+        if (k % 2 == 0) {
+            if ((is_rational(c, a) && get_rational(c, a).is_neg()) ||
+                (!is_rational(c, a) && am(c).is_neg(get_irrational(c, a)))) {
+                SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);
+                RETURN_Z3(0);
+            }
+        }
+        algebraic_numbers::manager & _am = am(c);
+        scoped_anum _r(_am);
+        if (is_rational(c, a)) {
+            scoped_anum av(_am);                                     
+            _am.set(av, get_rational(c, a).to_mpq());   
+            _am.root(av, k, _r);
+        }
+        else {
+            algebraic_numbers::anum const & av = get_irrational(c, a);
+            _am.root(av, k, _r);
+        }
+        expr * r = au(c).mk_numeral(_r, false);
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(r);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(r));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_power(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, unsigned k) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_power(c, a, k);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC_X(a, 0);
+        algebraic_numbers::manager & _am = am(c);
+        scoped_anum _r(_am);
+        if (is_rational(c, a)) {
+            scoped_anum av(_am);                                     
+            _am.set(av, get_rational(c, a).to_mpq());   
+            _am.power(av, k, _r);
+        }
+        else {
+            algebraic_numbers::anum const & av = get_irrational(c, a);
+            _am.power(av, k, _r);
+        }
+        expr * r = au(c).mk_numeral(_r, false);
+        mk_c(c)->save_ast_trail(r);
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast(r));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+#define BIN_PRED(RAT_PRED, IRAT_PRED)                                   \
+        algebraic_numbers::manager & _am = am(c);                       \
+        bool r;                                                         \
+        if (is_rational(c, a)) {                                        \
+            rational av = get_rational(c, a);                           \
+            if (is_rational(c, b)) {                                    \
+                rational bv = get_rational(c, b);                       \
+                r = av RAT_PRED bv;                                     \
+            }                                                           \
+            else {                                                      \
+                algebraic_numbers::anum const & bv = get_irrational(c, b); \
+                scoped_anum _av(_am);                                   \
+                _am.set(_av, av.to_mpq());                              \
+                r = _am.IRAT_PRED(_av, bv);                             \
+            }                                                           \
+        }                                                               \
+        else {                                                          \
+            algebraic_numbers::anum const & av = get_irrational(c, a);  \
+            if (is_rational(c, b)) {                                    \
+                rational bv = get_rational(c, b);                       \
+                scoped_anum _bv(_am);                                   \
+                _am.set(_bv, bv.to_mpq());                              \
+                r = _am.IRAT_PRED(av, _bv);                             \
+            }                                                           \
+            else {                                                      \
+                algebraic_numbers::anum const & bv = get_irrational(c, b); \
+                r = _am.IRAT_PRED(av, bv);                              \
+            }                                                           \
+        }                                                               \
+        return r ? Z3_TRUE : Z3_FALSE;
+
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_lt(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_lt(c, a, b);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC(a, 0);
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC(b, 0);
+        BIN_PRED(<,lt);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(Z3_FALSE);
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_gt(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        return Z3_algebraic_lt(c, b, a);
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_le(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        return !Z3_algebraic_lt(c, b, a);
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_ge(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        return !Z3_algebraic_lt(c, a, b);
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_eq(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_eq(c, a, b);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC(a, 0);
+        CHECK_IS_ALGEBRAIC(b, 0);
+        BIN_PRED(==,eq);
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_neq(Z3_context c, Z3_ast a, Z3_ast b) {
+        return !Z3_algebraic_eq(c, a, b);
+    }
+
+    static bool to_anum_vector(Z3_context c, unsigned n, Z3_ast a[], scoped_anum_vector & as) {
+        algebraic_numbers::manager & _am = am(c);
+        scoped_anum tmp(_am);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            if (is_rational(c, a[i])) {
+                _am.set(tmp, get_rational(c, a[i]).to_mpq());       
+                as.push_back(tmp);
+            }
+            else if (is_irrational(c, a[i])) {
+                as.push_back(get_irrational(c, a[i]));
+            }
+            else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    class vector_var2anum : public polynomial::var2anum {
+        scoped_anum_vector const & m_as;
+    public:
+        vector_var2anum(scoped_anum_vector & as):m_as(as) {}
+        virtual ~vector_var2anum() {}
+        virtual algebraic_numbers::manager & m() const { return m_as.m(); }
+        virtual bool contains(polynomial::var x) const { return static_cast<unsigned>(x) < m_as.size(); }
+        virtual algebraic_numbers::anum const & operator()(polynomial::var x) const { return m_as.get(x); }
+    };
+
+    Z3_ast_vector Z3_API Z3_algebraic_roots(Z3_context c, Z3_ast p, unsigned n, Z3_ast a[]) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_roots(c, p, n, a);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        polynomial::manager & pm = mk_c(c)->pm();
+        polynomial_ref _p(pm);
+        polynomial::scoped_numeral d(pm.m());
+        expr2polynomial converter(mk_c(c)->m(), pm, 0, true);
+        if (!converter.to_polynomial(to_expr(p), _p, d) ||
+            static_cast<unsigned>(max_var(_p)) >= n + 1) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        algebraic_numbers::manager & _am = am(c);
+        scoped_anum_vector as(_am);
+        if (!to_anum_vector(c, n, a, as)) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        scoped_anum_vector roots(_am);
+        {
+            cancel_eh<algebraic_numbers::manager> eh(_am);
+            api::context::set_interruptable(*(mk_c(c)), eh);
+            scoped_timer timer(mk_c(c)->params().m_timeout, &eh);
+            vector_var2anum v2a(as);
+            _am.isolate_roots(_p, v2a, roots);
+        }
+        Z3_ast_vector_ref* result = alloc(Z3_ast_vector_ref, mk_c(c)->m());
+        mk_c(c)->save_object(result);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < roots.size(); i++) {
+            result->m_ast_vector.push_back(au(c).mk_numeral(roots.get(i), false));
+        }
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast_vector(result));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+    int Z3_API Z3_algebraic_eval(Z3_context c, Z3_ast p, unsigned n, Z3_ast a[]) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_algebraic_eval(c, p, n, a);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        polynomial::manager & pm = mk_c(c)->pm();
+        polynomial_ref _p(pm);
+        polynomial::scoped_numeral d(pm.m());
+        expr2polynomial converter(mk_c(c)->m(), pm, 0, true);
+        if (!converter.to_polynomial(to_expr(p), _p, d) ||
+            static_cast<unsigned>(max_var(_p)) >= n) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        algebraic_numbers::manager & _am = am(c);
+        scoped_anum_vector as(_am);
+        if (!to_anum_vector(c, n, a, as)) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        {
+            cancel_eh<algebraic_numbers::manager> eh(_am);
+            api::context::set_interruptable(*(mk_c(c)), eh);
+            scoped_timer timer(mk_c(c)->params().m_timeout, &eh);
+            vector_var2anum v2a(as);
+            int r = _am.eval_sign_at(_p, v2a);
+            if (r > 0) return 1;
+            else if (r < 0) return -1;
+            else return 0;
+        }
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+};

src/api/api_ast.cpp

@@ -324,7 +324,8 @@ extern "C" {
         switch (_a->get_kind()) {
         case AST_APP: {
             expr * e = to_expr(_a);
-            if (is_numeral_sort(c, of_sort(mk_c(c)->m().get_sort(e))) && mk_c(c)->m().is_value(e)) 
+            // Real algebraic numbers are not considered Z3_NUMERAL_AST
+            if (is_numeral_sort(c, of_sort(mk_c(c)->m().get_sort(e))) && mk_c(c)->m().is_unique_value(e)) 
                 return Z3_NUMERAL_AST;
             return Z3_APP_AST;
         }

src/api/api_context.cpp

@@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ namespace api {
     context::context(context_params * p, bool user_ref_count):
         m_params(p != 0 ? *p : context_params()),
         m_user_ref_count(user_ref_count),
-        m_manager(m_params.m_proof ? PGM_FINE : PGM_DISABLED, m_params.m_trace ? m_params.m_trace_file_name.c_str() : 0), 
-        m_plugins(m_manager),
-        m_arith_util(m_manager),
-        m_bv_util(m_manager),
-        m_datalog_util(m_manager),
-        m_last_result(m_manager),
-        m_ast_trail(m_manager),
+        m_manager(m_params.mk_ast_manager()),
+        m_plugins(m()),
+        m_arith_util(m()),
+        m_bv_util(m()),
+        m_datalog_util(m()),
+        m_last_result(m()),
+        m_ast_trail(m()),
         m_replay_stack() {
 
         m_solver     = 0;
@@ -102,22 +102,16 @@ namespace api {
         m_smtlib_parser_has_decls = false;
         
         z3_bound_num_procs();
-        //
-        // Configuration parameter settings.
-        //
-        if (m_params.m_debug_ref_count) {
-            m_manager.debug_ref_count();
-        }
         
         m_error_handler = &default_error_handler;
 
-        m_basic_fid = m_manager.get_basic_family_id();
-        m_arith_fid = m_manager.get_family_id("arith");
-        m_bv_fid    = m_manager.get_family_id("bv");
-        m_array_fid = m_manager.get_family_id("array");
-        m_dt_fid    = m_manager.get_family_id("datatype");
-        m_datalog_fid = m_manager.get_family_id("datalog_relation");
-        m_dt_plugin = static_cast<datatype_decl_plugin*>(m_manager.get_plugin(m_dt_fid));
+        m_basic_fid = m().get_basic_family_id();
+        m_arith_fid = m().get_family_id("arith");
+        m_bv_fid    = m().get_family_id("bv");
+        m_array_fid = m().get_family_id("array");
+        m_dt_fid    = m().get_family_id("datatype");
+        m_datalog_fid = m().get_family_id("datalog_relation");
+        m_dt_plugin = static_cast<datatype_decl_plugin*>(m().get_plugin(m_dt_fid));
 
         if (!m_user_ref_count) {
             m_replay_stack.push_back(0);
@@ -143,6 +137,7 @@ namespace api {
         {
             if (m_interruptable)
                 (*m_interruptable)();
+            m().set_cancel(true);
         }
     }
     
@@ -195,12 +190,12 @@ namespace api {
     expr * context::mk_and(unsigned num_exprs, expr * const * exprs) {
         switch(num_exprs) {
         case 0: 
-            return m_manager.mk_true(); 
+            return m().mk_true(); 
         case 1: 
             save_ast_trail(exprs[0]);
             return exprs[0];
         default: {
-            expr * a = m_manager.mk_and(num_exprs, exprs);
+            expr * a = m().mk_and(num_exprs, exprs);
             save_ast_trail(a);
             return a;
         } }
@@ -216,7 +211,7 @@ namespace api {
         SASSERT(m_replay_stack.size() > num_scopes);
         unsigned j = m_replay_stack.size() - num_scopes - 1;
         if (!m_replay_stack[j]) {
-            m_replay_stack[j] = alloc(ast_ref_vector, m_manager);
+            m_replay_stack[j] = alloc(ast_ref_vector, m());
         }
         m_replay_stack[j]->push_back(n);
     }
@@ -324,7 +319,7 @@ namespace api {
     smt::kernel & context::get_smt_kernel() {
         if (!m_solver) {
             m_fparams.updt_params(m_params);
-            m_solver = alloc(smt::kernel, m_manager, m_fparams);
+            m_solver = alloc(smt::kernel, m(), m_fparams);
         }
         return *m_solver;
     }

src/api/api_context.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include"event_handler.h"
 #include"tactic_manager.h"
 #include"context_params.h"
+#include"api_polynomial.h"
 
 namespace smtlib {
     class parser;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ namespace api {
         struct add_plugins {  add_plugins(ast_manager & m); };
         context_params             m_params;
         bool                       m_user_ref_count; //!< if true, the user is responsible for managing referenc counters.
-        ast_manager                m_manager;
+        scoped_ptr<ast_manager>    m_manager;
         add_plugins                m_plugins;
 
         arith_util                 m_arith_util;
@@ -81,6 +82,8 @@ namespace api {
         Z3_ast_print_mode          m_print_mode;
 
         event_handler *            m_interruptable; // Reference to an object that can be interrupted by Z3_interrupt
+
+        pmanager                   m_pmanager;
     public:
         // Scoped obj for setting m_interruptable
         class set_interruptable {
@@ -98,10 +101,10 @@ namespace api {
         
         context(context_params * p, bool user_ref_count = false);
         ~context();
-        ast_manager & m() { return m_manager; }
+        ast_manager & m() const { return *(m_manager.get()); }
 
         context_params & params() { return m_params; }
-        bool produce_proofs() const { return m_manager.proofs_enabled(); }
+        bool produce_proofs() const { return m().proofs_enabled(); }
         bool produce_models() const { return m_params.m_model; }
         bool produce_unsat_cores() const { return m_params.m_unsat_core; }
         bool use_auto_config() const { return m_params.m_auto_config; }
@@ -167,6 +170,13 @@ namespace api {
 
         void check_sorts(ast * n);
 
+        // ------------------------
+        //
+        // Polynomial manager & caches
+        //
+        // -----------------------
+        polynomial::manager & pm() { return m_pmanager.pm(); }
+
         // ------------------------
         //
         // Solver interface for backward compatibility 

src/api/api_polynomial.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    api_polynomial.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Polynomial manager and caches for the external API.
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-12-08
+
+Notes:
+    
+--*/
+#include<iostream>
+#include"z3.h"
+#include"api_log_macros.h"
+#include"api_context.h"
+#include"api_polynomial.h"
+#include"api_ast_vector.h"
+#include"expr2polynomial.h"
+#include"cancel_eh.h"
+#include"scoped_timer.h"
+#include"expr2var.h"
+
+namespace api {
+
+    pmanager::pmanager():
+        m_pm(m_nm) {
+    }
+
+    pmanager::~pmanager() {
+    }
+    
+    void pmanager::set_cancel(bool f) {
+        m_pm.set_cancel(f);
+    }
+
+};
+
+extern "C" {
+
+    Z3_ast_vector Z3_API Z3_polynomial_subresultants(Z3_context c, Z3_ast p, Z3_ast q, Z3_ast x) {
+        Z3_TRY;
+        LOG_Z3_polynomial_subresultants(c, p, q, x);
+        RESET_ERROR_CODE();
+        polynomial::manager & pm = mk_c(c)->pm();
+        polynomial_ref _p(pm), _q(pm);
+        polynomial::scoped_numeral d(pm.m());
+        default_expr2polynomial converter(mk_c(c)->m(), pm);
+        if (!converter.to_polynomial(to_expr(p), _p, d) ||
+            !converter.to_polynomial(to_expr(q), _q, d)) {
+            SET_ERROR_CODE(Z3_INVALID_ARG);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        Z3_ast_vector_ref* result = alloc(Z3_ast_vector_ref, mk_c(c)->m());
+        mk_c(c)->save_object(result);
+        if (converter.is_var(to_expr(x))) {
+            expr2var const & mapping = converter.get_mapping();
+            unsigned v_x = mapping.to_var(to_expr(x));
+            polynomial_ref_vector rs(pm);
+            polynomial_ref r(pm);
+            expr_ref _r(mk_c(c)->m());
+            {
+                cancel_eh<polynomial::manager> eh(pm);
+                api::context::set_interruptable(*(mk_c(c)), eh);
+                scoped_timer timer(mk_c(c)->params().m_timeout, &eh);
+                pm.psc_chain(_p, _q, v_x, rs);
+            }
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < rs.size(); i++) {
+                r = rs.get(i);
+                converter.to_expr(r, true, _r);
+                result->m_ast_vector.push_back(_r);
+            }
+        }
+        RETURN_Z3(of_ast_vector(result));
+        Z3_CATCH_RETURN(0);
+    }
+
+};

src/api/api_polynomial.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    api_polynomial.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Polynomial manager and caches for the external API.
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-12-08
+
+Notes:
+    
+--*/
+#ifndef _API_POLYNOMIAL_H_
+#define _API_POLYNOMIAL_H_
+
+#include"polynomial.h"
+
+namespace api {
+    
+    class pmanager {
+        unsynch_mpz_manager m_nm;
+        polynomial::manager m_pm;
+        // TODO: add support for caching expressions -> polynomial and back
+    public:
+        pmanager();
+        virtual ~pmanager();
+        polynomial::manager & pm() { return m_pm; }
+        void set_cancel(bool f);
+    };
+
+};
+
+#endif

src/api/api_solver.cpp

@@ -36,17 +36,7 @@ extern "C" {
     static void init_solver_core(Z3_context c, Z3_solver _s) {
         ast_manager & m = mk_c(c)->m();
         Z3_solver_ref * s = to_solver(_s);
-        s->m_solver->set_produce_proofs(mk_c(c)->produce_proofs());
-        s->m_solver->set_produce_unsat_cores(s->m_params.get_bool("unsat_core", mk_c(c)->produce_unsat_cores()));
-        s->m_solver->set_produce_models(s->m_params.get_bool("model", mk_c(c)->produce_models()));
-        if (!mk_c(c)->use_auto_config()) {
-            params_ref p = s->m_params;
-            p.set_bool("auto_config", false);
-            s->m_solver->updt_params(p);
-        }
-        else {
-            s->m_solver->updt_params(s->m_params);
-        }
+        mk_c(c)->params().init_solver_params(mk_c(c)->m(), *(s->m_solver), s->m_params);
         s->m_solver->init(m, s->m_logic);
         s->m_initialized = true;
     }

src/api/java/README

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 Java bindings
 -------------
 
-This is currently "working in progress".

src/api/python/z3.py

@@ -1126,6 +1126,27 @@ def Var(idx, s):
         _z3_assert(is_sort(s), "Z3 sort expected")
     return _to_expr_ref(Z3_mk_bound(s.ctx_ref(), idx, s.ast), s.ctx)
 
+def RealVar(idx, ctx=None):
+    """
+    Create a real free variable. Free variables are used to create quantified formulas.
+    They are also used to create polynomials.
+    
+    >>> RealVar(0)
+    Var(0)
+    """
+    return Var(idx, RealSort(ctx))
+
+def RealVarVector(n, ctx=None):
+    """
+    Create a list of Real free variables.
+    The variables have ids: 0, 1, ..., n-1
+    
+    >>> x0, x1, x2, x3 = RealVarVector(4)
+    >>> x2
+    Var(2)
+    """
+    return [ RealVar(i, ctx) for i in range(n) ]
+
 #########################################
 #
 # Booleans

src/api/python/z3num.py

@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+############################################
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+# 
+# Z3 Python interface for Z3 numerals
+#
+# Author: Leonardo de Moura (leonardo)
+############################################
+from z3 import *
+from z3core import *
+from z3printer import *
+
+def _to_numeral(num, ctx=None):
+    if isinstance(num, Numeral):
+        return num
+    else:
+        return Numeral(num, ctx)
+
+class Numeral:
+    """
+    A Z3 numeral can be used to perform computations over arbitrary
+    precision integers, rationals and real algebraic numbers.
+    It also automatically converts python numeric values.
+    
+    >>> Numeral(2)
+    2
+    >>> Numeral("3/2") + 1
+    5/2
+    >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+    1.4142135623?
+    >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) + 2
+    3.4142135623?
+    >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) + Numeral(Sqrt(3))
+    3.1462643699?
+
+    Z3 numerals can be used to perform computations with 
+    values in a Z3 model.
+    
+    >>> s = Solver()
+    >>> x = Real('x')
+    >>> s.add(x*x == 2)
+    >>> s.add(x > 0)
+    >>> s.check()
+    sat
+    >>> m = s.model()
+    >>> m[x]
+    1.4142135623?
+    >>> m[x] + 1
+    1.4142135623? + 1
+    
+    The previous result is a Z3 expression.
+
+    >>> (m[x] + 1).sexpr()
+    '(+ (root-obj (+ (^ x 2) (- 2)) 2) 1.0)'
+    
+    >>> Numeral(m[x]) + 1
+    2.4142135623?
+    >>> Numeral(m[x]).is_pos()
+    True
+    >>> Numeral(m[x])**2
+    2
+    
+    We can also isolate the roots of polynomials.
+
+    >>> x0, x1, x2 = RealVarVector(3)
+    >>> r0 = isolate_roots(x0**5 - x0 - 1)
+    >>> r0
+    [1.1673039782?]
+    
+    In the following example, we are isolating the roots
+    of a univariate polynomial (on x1) obtained after substituting
+    x0 -> r0[0]
+    
+    >>> r1 = isolate_roots(x1**2 - x0 + 1, [ r0[0] ])
+    >>> r1
+    [-0.4090280898?, 0.4090280898?]
+    
+    Similarly, in the next example we isolate the roots of
+    a univariate polynomial (on x2) obtained after substituting
+    x0 -> r0[0] and x1 -> r1[0]
+
+    >>> isolate_roots(x1*x2 + x0, [ r0[0], r1[0] ])
+    [2.8538479564?]
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, num, ctx=None):
+        if isinstance(num, Ast):
+            self.ast  = num
+            self.ctx  = z3._get_ctx(ctx)
+        elif isinstance(num, RatNumRef) or isinstance(num, AlgebraicNumRef):
+            self.ast = num.ast
+            self.ctx = num.ctx
+        elif isinstance(num, ArithRef):
+            r = simplify(num)
+            self.ast = r.ast
+            self.ctx = r.ctx
+        else:
+            v = RealVal(num, ctx)
+            self.ast = v.ast
+            self.ctx = v.ctx
+        Z3_inc_ref(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
+        assert Z3_algebraic_is_value(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast)
+    
+    def __del__(self):
+        Z3_dec_ref(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
+
+    def is_integer(self):
+        """ Return True if the numeral is integer.
+        
+        >>> Numeral(2).is_integer()
+        True
+        >>> (Numeral(Sqrt(2)) * Numeral(Sqrt(2))).is_integer()
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)).is_integer()
+        False
+        >>> Numeral("2/3").is_integer()
+        False
+        """
+        return self.is_rational() and self.denominator() == 1
+
+    def is_rational(self):
+        """ Return True if the numeral is rational.
+
+        >>> Numeral(2).is_rational()
+        True
+        >>> Numeral("2/3").is_rational()
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)).is_rational()
+        False
+        
+        """
+        return Z3_get_ast_kind(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast()) == Z3_NUMERAL_AST
+
+    def denominator(self):
+        """ Return the denominator if `self` is rational.
+        
+        >>> Numeral("2/3").denominator()
+        3
+        """
+        assert(self.is_rational())
+        return Numeral(Z3_get_denominator(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast()), self.ctx)
+
+    def numerator(self):
+        """ Return the numerator if `self` is rational.
+        
+        >>> Numeral("2/3").numerator()
+        2
+        """
+        assert(self.is_rational())
+        return Numeral(Z3_get_numerator(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast()), self.ctx)
+
+
+    def is_irrational(self):
+        """ Return True if the numeral is irrational.
+
+        >>> Numeral(2).is_irrational()
+        False
+        >>> Numeral("2/3").is_irrational()
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)).is_irrational()
+        True
+        """
+        return not self.is_rational()
+
+    def as_long(self):
+        """ Return a numeral (that is an integer) as a Python long.
+
+        >>> (Numeral(10)**20).as_long()
+        100000000000000000000L
+        """
+        assert(self.is_integer())
+        return long(Z3_get_numeral_string(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast()))
+
+    def approx(self, precision=10):
+        """Return a numeral that approximates the numeral `self`. 
+        The result `r` is such that |r - self| <= 1/10^precision 
+        
+        If `self` is rational, then the result is `self`.
+
+        >>> x = Numeral(2).root(2)
+        >>> x.approx(20)
+        6838717160008073720548335/4835703278458516698824704
+        >>> x.approx(5)
+        2965821/2097152
+        >>> Numeral(2).approx(10)
+        2
+        """
+        return self.upper(precision)
+
+    def upper(self, precision=10):
+        """Return a upper bound that approximates the numeral `self`. 
+        The result `r` is such that r - self <= 1/10^precision 
+        
+        If `self` is rational, then the result is `self`.
+
+        >>> x = Numeral(2).root(2)
+        >>> x.upper(20)
+        6838717160008073720548335/4835703278458516698824704
+        >>> x.upper(5)
+        2965821/2097152
+        >>> Numeral(2).upper(10)
+        2
+        """
+        if self.is_rational():
+            return self
+        else:
+            return Numeral(Z3_get_algebraic_number_upper(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast(), precision), self.ctx)
+
+    def lower(self, precision=10):
+        """Return a lower bound that approximates the numeral `self`. 
+        The result `r` is such that self - r <= 1/10^precision 
+        
+        If `self` is rational, then the result is `self`.
+
+        >>> x = Numeral(2).root(2)
+        >>> x.lower(20)
+        1709679290002018430137083/1208925819614629174706176
+        >>> Numeral("2/3").lower(10)
+        2/3
+        """
+        if self.is_rational():
+            return self
+        else:
+            return Numeral(Z3_get_algebraic_number_lower(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast(), precision), self.ctx)
+
+    def sign(self):
+        """ Return the sign of the numeral.
+        
+        >>> Numeral(2).sign()
+        1
+        >>> Numeral(-3).sign()
+        -1
+        >>> Numeral(0).sign()
+        0
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_sign(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast)
+    
+    def is_pos(self):
+        """ Return True if the numeral is positive.
+        
+        >>> Numeral(2).is_pos()
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(-3).is_pos()
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(0).is_pos()
+        False
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_is_pos(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast)
+
+    def is_neg(self):
+        """ Return True if the numeral is negative.
+        
+        >>> Numeral(2).is_neg()
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(-3).is_neg()
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(0).is_neg()
+        False
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_is_neg(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast)
+
+    def is_zero(self):
+        """ Return True if the numeral is zero.
+        
+        >>> Numeral(2).is_zero()
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(-3).is_zero()
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(0).is_zero()
+        True
+        >>> sqrt2 = Numeral(2).root(2)
+        >>> sqrt2.is_zero()
+        False
+        >>> (sqrt2 - sqrt2).is_zero()
+        True
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_is_zero(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast)
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        """ Return the numeral `self + other`.
+
+        >>> Numeral(2) + 3
+        5
+        >>> Numeral(2) + Numeral(4)
+        6
+        >>> Numeral("2/3") + 1
+        5/3
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_add(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def __radd__(self, other):
+        """ Return the numeral `other + self`.
+
+        >>> 3 + Numeral(2)
+        5
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_add(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        """ Return the numeral `self - other`.
+
+        >>> Numeral(2) - 3
+        -1
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_sub(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
+        """ Return the numeral `other - self`.
+
+        >>> 3 - Numeral(2)
+        1
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_sub(self.ctx_ref(), _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast, self.ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        """ Return the numeral `self * other`.
+        >>> Numeral(2) * 3
+        6
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_mul(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        """ Return the numeral `other * mul`.
+        >>> 3 * Numeral(2)
+        6
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_mul(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def __div__(self, other):
+        """ Return the numeral `self / other`.
+        >>> Numeral(2) / 3
+        2/3
+        >>> Numeral(2).root(2) / 3
+        0.4714045207?
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) / Numeral(Sqrt(3))
+        0.8164965809?
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_div(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def __rdiv__(self, other):
+        """ Return the numeral `other / self`.
+        >>> 3 / Numeral(2) 
+        3/2
+        >>> 3 / Numeral(2).root(2)
+        2.1213203435?
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_div(self.ctx_ref(), _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast, self.ast), self.ctx)
+
+    def root(self, k):
+        """ Return the numeral `self^(1/k)`.
+
+        >>> sqrt2 = Numeral(2).root(2)
+        >>> sqrt2
+        1.4142135623?
+        >>> sqrt2 * sqrt2
+        2
+        >>> sqrt2 * 2 + 1
+        3.8284271247?
+        >>> (sqrt2 * 2 + 1).sexpr()
+        '(root-obj (+ (^ x 2) (* (- 2) x) (- 7)) 2)'
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_root(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, k), self.ctx)
+
+    def power(self, k):
+        """ Return the numeral `self^k`.
+
+        >>> sqrt3 = Numeral(3).root(2)
+        >>> sqrt3
+        1.7320508075?
+        >>> sqrt3.power(2)
+        3
+        """
+        return Numeral(Z3_algebraic_power(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, k), self.ctx)
+    
+    def __pow__(self, k):
+        """ Return the numeral `self^k`.
+
+        >>> sqrt3 = Numeral(3).root(2)
+        >>> sqrt3
+        1.7320508075?
+        >>> sqrt3**2
+        3
+        """
+        return self.power(k)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `self < other`.
+
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) < 2
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(3)) < Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) < Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        False
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_lt(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast)
+
+    def __rlt__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `other < self`.
+
+        >>> 2 < Numeral(Sqrt(2)) 
+        False
+        """
+        return self > other
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `self > other`.
+
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) > 2
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(3)) > Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) > Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        False
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_gt(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast)
+
+    def __rgt__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `other > self`.
+
+        >>> 2 > Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        True
+        """
+        return self < other
+
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `self <= other`.
+
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) <= 2
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(3)) <= Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) <= Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        True
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_le(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast)
+
+    def __rle__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `other <= self`.
+
+        >>> 2 <= Numeral(Sqrt(2)) 
+        False
+        """
+        return self >= other
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `self >= other`.
+
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) >= 2
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(3)) >= Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) >= Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        True
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_ge(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast)
+
+    def __rge__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `other >= self`.
+
+        >>> 2 >= Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        True
+        """
+        return self <= other
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `self == other`.
+
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) == 2
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(3)) == Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        False
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) == Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        True
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_eq(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        """ Return True if `self != other`.
+
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) != 2
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(3)) != Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        True
+        >>> Numeral(Sqrt(2)) != Numeral(Sqrt(2))
+        False
+        """
+        return Z3_algebraic_neq(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast, _to_numeral(other, self.ctx).ast)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if Z3_is_numeral_ast(self.ctx_ref(), self.ast):
+            return str(RatNumRef(self.ast, self.ctx))
+        else:
+            return str(AlgebraicNumRef(self.ast, self.ctx))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__str__()
+
+    def sexpr(self):
+        return Z3_ast_to_string(self.ctx_ref(), self.as_ast())
+
+    def as_ast(self):
+        return self.ast
+
+    def ctx_ref(self):
+        return self.ctx.ref()
+
+def eval_sign_at(p, vs):
+    """ 
+    Evaluate the sign of the polynomial `p` at `vs`.  `p` is a Z3
+    Expression containing arithmetic operators: +, -, *, ^k where k is
+    an integer; and free variables x that is_var(x) is True. Moreover,
+    all variables must be real.
+    
+    The result is 1 if the polynomial is positive at the given point,
+    -1 if negative, and 0 if zero.
+
+    >>> x0, x1, x2 = RealVarVector(3)
+    >>> eval_sign_at(x0**2 + x1*x2 + 1, (Numeral(0), Numeral(1), Numeral(2)))
+    1
+    >>> eval_sign_at(x0**2 - 2, [ Numeral(Sqrt(2)) ])
+    0
+    >>> eval_sign_at((x0 + x1)*(x0 + x2), (Numeral(0), Numeral(Sqrt(2)), Numeral(Sqrt(3))))
+    1
+    """
+    num = len(vs)
+    _vs = (Ast * num)()
+    for i in range(num):
+        _vs[i] = vs[i].ast
+    return Z3_algebraic_eval(p.ctx_ref(), p.as_ast(), num, _vs)
+
+def isolate_roots(p, vs=[]):
+    """
+    Given a multivariate polynomial p(x_0, ..., x_{n-1}, x_n), returns the 
+    roots of the univariate polynomial p(vs[0], ..., vs[len(vs)-1], x_n).
+       
+    Remarks:
+    * p is a Z3 expression that contains only arithmetic terms and free variables.
+    * forall i in [0, n) vs is a numeral.
+    
+    The result is a list of numerals
+
+    >>> x0 = RealVar(0)
+    >>> isolate_roots(x0**5 - x0 - 1)
+    [1.1673039782?]
+    >>> x1 = RealVar(1)
+    >>> isolate_roots(x0**2 - x1**4 - 1, [ Numeral(Sqrt(3)) ])
+    [-1.1892071150?, 1.1892071150?]
+    >>> x2 = RealVar(2)
+    >>> isolate_roots(x2**2 + x0 - x1, [ Numeral(Sqrt(3)), Numeral(Sqrt(2)) ])
+    []
+    """
+    num = len(vs)
+    _vs = (Ast * num)()
+    for i in range(num):
+        _vs[i] = vs[i].ast
+    _roots = AstVector(Z3_algebraic_roots(p.ctx_ref(), p.as_ast(), num, _vs), p.ctx)
+    return [ Numeral(r) for r in _roots ]
+        
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+    if doctest.testmod().failed:
+        exit(1)
+

src/api/python/z3poly.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+############################################
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+# 
+# Z3 Python interface for Z3 polynomials
+#
+# Author: Leonardo de Moura (leonardo)
+############################################
+from z3 import *
+
+def subresultants(p, q, x):
+    """
+    Return the non-constant subresultants of 'p' and 'q' with respect to the "variable" 'x'.
+
+    'p', 'q' and 'x' are Z3 expressions where 'p' and 'q' are arithmetic terms.
+    Note that, any subterm that cannot be viewed as a polynomial is assumed to be a variable.
+    Example: f(a) is a considered to be a variable b in the polynomial       
+
+    f(a)*f(a) + 2*f(a) + 1 
+    
+    >>> x, y = Reals('x y')
+    >>> subresultants(2*x + y, 3*x - 2*y + 2, x)
+    [-7*y + 4]
+    >>> r = subresultants(3*y*x**2 + y**3 + 1, 2*x**3 + y + 3, x)
+    >>> r[0]
+    4*y**9 + 12*y**6 + 27*y**5 + 162*y**4 + 255*y**3 + 4
+    >>> r[1]
+    -6*y**4 + -6*y
+    """
+    return AstVector(Z3_polynomial_subresultants(p.ctx_ref(), p.as_ast(), q.as_ast(), x.as_ast()), p.ctx)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+    if doctest.testmod().failed:
+        exit(1)
+
+
+    

src/api/z3.h

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ Notes:
 #include<stdio.h>
 #include"z3_macros.h"
 #include"z3_api.h"
+#include"z3_algebraic.h"
+#include"z3_polynomial.h"
 
 #undef __in
 #undef __out

src/api/z3_algebraic.h

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    z3_algebraic.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Additional APIs for handling Z3 algebraic numbers encoded as 
+    Z3_ASTs
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-12-07
+
+Notes:
+    
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _Z3_ALGEBRAIC_H_
+#define _Z3_ALGEBRAIC_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return Z3_TRUE if \c can be used as value in the Z3 real algebraic
+       number package.
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_is_value', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_is_value(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the Z3_TRUE if \c a is positive, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_is_pos', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_is_pos(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the Z3_TRUE if \c a is negative, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_is_neg', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_is_neg(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the Z3_TRUE if \c a is zero, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_is_zero', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_is_zero(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return 1 if \c a is positive, 0 if \c a is zero, and -1 if \c a is negative.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_sign', INT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    int Z3_API Z3_algebraic_sign(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the value a + b. 
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+       \post Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, result)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_add', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_add(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the value a - b. 
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+       \post Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, result)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_sub', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_sub(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the value a * b. 
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+       \post Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, result)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_mul', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_mul(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+    
+    /**
+       \brief Return the value a / b. 
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+       \pre !Z3_algebraic_is_zero(c, b)
+       \post Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, result)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_div', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_div(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+    
+    /**
+       \brief Return the a^(1/k)
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre k is even => !Z3_algebraic_is_neg(c, a)
+       \post Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, result)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_root', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(UINT)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_root(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in unsigned k);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the a^k
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \post Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, result)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_power', AST, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(UINT)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast Z3_API Z3_algebraic_power(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in unsigned k);
+    
+    /**
+       \brief Return Z3_TRUE if a < b, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_lt', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_lt(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+    
+    /**
+       \brief Return Z3_TRUE if a > b, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_gt', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_gt(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return Z3_TRUE if a <= b, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_le', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_le(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return Z3_TRUE if a >= b, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_ge', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_ge(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return Z3_TRUE if a == b, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_eq', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_eq(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return Z3_TRUE if a != b, and Z3_FALSE otherwise.
+
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a)
+       \pre Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, b)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_neq', BOOL, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_bool Z3_API Z3_algebraic_neq(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast a, __in Z3_ast b);    
+
+    /**
+       \brief Given a multivariate polynomial p(x_0, ..., x_{n-1}, x_n), returns the 
+       roots of the univariate polynomial p(a[0], ..., a[n-1], x_n).
+       
+       \pre p is a Z3 expression that contains only arithmetic terms and free variables.
+       \pre forall i in [0, n) Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a[i])
+       \post forall r in result Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, result)
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_roots', AST_VECTOR, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(UINT), _in_array(2, AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast_vector Z3_API Z3_algebraic_roots(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast p, __in unsigned n, __in Z3_ast a[]);    
+
+    /**
+       \brief Given a multivariate polynomial p(x_0, ..., x_{n-1}), return the 
+       sign of p(a[0], ..., a[n-1]).
+       
+       \pre p is a Z3 expression that contains only arithmetic terms and free variables.
+       \pre forall i in [0, n) Z3_algebraic_is_value(c, a[i])
+
+       def_API('Z3_algebraic_eval', INT, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(UINT), _in_array(2, AST)))
+    */
+    int Z3_API Z3_algebraic_eval(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast p, __in unsigned n, __in Z3_ast a[]);    
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+};
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif

src/api/z3_polynomial.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    z3_polynomial.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Additional APIs for polynomials.
+
+Author:
+
+    Leonardo de Moura (leonardo) 2012-12-09
+
+Notes:
+    
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _Z3_POLYNOMIAL_H_
+#define _Z3_POLYNOMIAL_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return the nonzero subresultants of \c p and \c q with respect to the "variable" \c x.
+       
+       \pre \c p, \c q and \c x are Z3 expressions where \c p and \c q are arithmetic terms.
+       Note that, any subterm that cannot be viewed as a polynomial is assumed to be a variable.
+       Example: f(a) is a considered to be a variable in the polynomial   
+                  
+       f(a)*f(a) + 2*f(a) + 1 
+
+       def_API('Z3_polynomial_subresultants', AST_VECTOR, (_in(CONTEXT), _in(AST), _in(AST), _in(AST)))
+    */
+    Z3_ast_vector Z3_API Z3_polynomial_subresultants(__in Z3_context c, __in Z3_ast p, __in Z3_ast q, __in Z3_ast x);
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+};
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif

src/ast/arith_decl_plugin.cpp

@@ -38,13 +38,6 @@ struct arith_decl_plugin::algebraic_numbers_wrapper {
     
     unsigned mk_id(algebraic_numbers::anum const & val) {
         SASSERT(!m_amanager.is_rational(val));
-        // TODO: avoid linear scan. Use hashtable based on the floor of val
-        unsigned sz = m_nums.size();
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
-            algebraic_numbers::anum const & other = m_nums.get(i);
-            if (m_amanager.eq(val, other))
-                return i;
-        }
         unsigned new_id = m_id_gen.mk();
         m_nums.reserve(new_id+1);
         m_amanager.set(m_nums[new_id], val);
@@ -71,13 +64,13 @@ struct arith_decl_plugin::algebraic_numbers_wrapper {
 
 };
 
-arith_decl_plugin::algebraic_numbers_wrapper & arith_decl_plugin::aw() {
+arith_decl_plugin::algebraic_numbers_wrapper & arith_decl_plugin::aw() const {
     if (m_aw == 0)
-        m_aw = alloc(algebraic_numbers_wrapper);
+        const_cast<arith_decl_plugin*>(this)->m_aw = alloc(algebraic_numbers_wrapper);
     return *m_aw;
 }
 
-algebraic_numbers::manager & arith_decl_plugin::am() {
+algebraic_numbers::manager & arith_decl_plugin::am() const {
     return aw().m_amanager;
 }
 
@@ -509,16 +502,43 @@ void arith_decl_plugin::get_op_names(svector<builtin_name>& op_names, symbol con
     }
 }
 
-bool arith_decl_plugin::is_value(app* e) const {
-    return is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_NUM);
+bool arith_decl_plugin::is_value(app * e) const {
+    return 
+        is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_NUM) || 
+        is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_IRRATIONAL_ALGEBRAIC_NUM) ||
+        is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_PI) ||
+        is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_E);
 }
 
-bool arith_decl_plugin::are_distinct(app* a, app* b) const {
+bool arith_decl_plugin::is_unique_value(app * e) const {
+    return 
+        is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_NUM) || 
+        is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_PI) ||
+        is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_E);
+}
+
+bool arith_decl_plugin::are_equal(app * a, app * b) const {
+    if (decl_plugin::are_equal(a, b)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_IRRATIONAL_ALGEBRAIC_NUM) && is_app_of(b, m_family_id, OP_IRRATIONAL_ALGEBRAIC_NUM)) {
+        return am().eq(aw().to_anum(a->get_decl()), aw().to_anum(b->get_decl()));
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool arith_decl_plugin::are_distinct(app * a, app * b) const {
     TRACE("are_distinct_bug", tout << mk_ismt2_pp(a, *m_manager) << "\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(b, *m_manager) << "\n";);
     if (decl_plugin::are_distinct(a,b)) {
         return true;
     }
 
+    if (is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_IRRATIONAL_ALGEBRAIC_NUM) && is_app_of(b, m_family_id, OP_IRRATIONAL_ALGEBRAIC_NUM)) {
+        return am().neq(aw().to_anum(a->get_decl()), aw().to_anum(b->get_decl()));
+    }
+
 #define is_non_zero(e) is_app_of(e,m_family_id, OP_NUM) && !to_app(e)->get_decl()->get_parameter(0).get_rational().is_zero()
 
     if (is_app_of(a, m_family_id, OP_ADD) &&

src/ast/arith_decl_plugin.h

@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ public:
     virtual ~arith_decl_plugin();
     virtual void finalize();
 
-    algebraic_numbers::manager & am();
-    algebraic_numbers_wrapper & aw();
+    algebraic_numbers::manager & am() const;
+    algebraic_numbers_wrapper & aw() const;
 
     virtual void del(parameter const & p);
     virtual parameter translate(parameter const & p, decl_plugin & target);
@@ -159,9 +159,13 @@ public:
     virtual func_decl * mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters, 
                                      unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, sort * range);
 
-    virtual bool is_value(app* e) const;
+    virtual bool is_value(app * e) const;
 
-    virtual bool are_distinct(app* a, app* b) const;
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app * e) const;
+
+    virtual bool are_equal(app * a, app * b) const;
+
+    virtual bool are_distinct(app * a, app * b) const;
 
     virtual void get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic);
 
@@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ public:
 
     virtual expr * get_some_value(sort * s);
 
-    void set_cancel(bool f);
+    virtual void set_cancel(bool f);
 };
 
 class arith_util {

src/ast/ast.cpp

@@ -872,6 +872,10 @@ bool basic_decl_plugin::is_value(app* a) const {
     return a->get_decl() == m_true_decl || a->get_decl() == m_false_decl;
 }
 
+bool basic_decl_plugin::is_unique_value(app* a) const {
+    return is_value(a);
+}
+
 void basic_decl_plugin::finalize() {
 #define DEC_REF(FIELD) if (FIELD) { m_manager->dec_ref(FIELD); }
 #define DEC_ARRAY_REF(FIELD) m_manager->dec_array_ref(FIELD.size(), FIELD.begin())
@@ -1151,6 +1155,10 @@ bool model_value_decl_plugin::is_value(app* n) const {
     return is_app_of(n, m_family_id, OP_MODEL_VALUE);
 }
 
+bool model_value_decl_plugin::is_unique_value(app* n) const {
+    return is_value(n);
+}
+
 // -----------------------------------
 //
 // user_sort_plugin
@@ -1328,6 +1336,12 @@ ast_manager::~ast_manager() {
     }
 }
 
+void ast_manager::set_cancel(bool f) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_plugins.size(); i++) {
+        m_plugins[i]->set_cancel(f);
+    }
+}
+
 void ast_manager::compact_memory() {
     m_alloc.consolidate();
     unsigned capacity = m_ast_table.capacity();
@@ -1442,6 +1456,27 @@ bool ast_manager::is_value(expr* e) const {
     return false;
 }
 
+bool ast_manager::is_unique_value(expr* e) const {
+    decl_plugin const * p = 0;
+    if (is_app(e)) {
+        p = get_plugin(to_app(e)->get_family_id());
+        return p && p->is_unique_value(to_app(e));
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ast_manager::are_equal(expr * a, expr * b) const {
+    if (is_app(a) && is_app(b)) {
+        app* ap = to_app(a), *bp = to_app(b);
+        decl_plugin const * p = get_plugin(ap->get_family_id());
+        if (!p) {
+            p = get_plugin(bp->get_family_id());
+        }
+        return p && p->are_equal(ap, bp);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool ast_manager::are_distinct(expr* a, expr* b) const {
     if (is_app(a) && is_app(b)) {
         app* ap = to_app(a), *bp = to_app(b);

src/ast/ast.h

@@ -921,6 +921,8 @@ public:
     virtual ~decl_plugin() {}
     virtual void finalize() {}
 
+    virtual void set_cancel(bool f) {}
+
     virtual decl_plugin * mk_fresh() = 0;
 
     family_id get_family_id() const { return m_family_id; }
@@ -933,9 +935,39 @@ public:
     virtual func_decl * mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const* parameters, 
                                      unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, sort * range);
 
-    virtual bool is_value(app*) const { return false; }
+    /**
+       \brief Return true if the plugin can decide whether two
+       interpreted constants are equal or not.
+       
+       For all a, b:
+          If is_value(a) and is_value(b)
+          Then,
+               are_equal(a, b) != are_distinct(a, b)
+          
+       The may be much more expensive than checking a pointer.
 
-    virtual bool are_distinct(app* a, app* b) const { return a != b && is_value(a) && is_value(b); }
+       We need this because some plugin values are too expensive too canonize.
+    */
+    virtual bool is_value(app * a) const { return false; }
+
+    /**
+       \brief Return true if \c a is a unique plugin value.
+       The following property should hold for unique theory values:
+       
+       For all a, b:
+          If is_unique_value(a) and is_unique_value(b)
+          Then,
+              a == b (pointer equality)
+              IFF
+              the interpretations of these theory terms are equal.
+
+       \remark This is a stronger version of is_value.
+    */
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app * a) const { return false; }
+
+    virtual bool are_equal(app * a, app * b) const { return a == b && is_unique_value(a) && is_unique_value(b); }
+    
+    virtual bool are_distinct(app * a, app * b) const { return a != b && is_unique_value(a) && is_unique_value(b); }
     
     virtual void get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic = symbol()) {}
     
@@ -1080,6 +1112,8 @@ public:
     virtual void get_sort_names(svector<builtin_name> & sort_names, symbol const & logic);
 
     virtual bool is_value(app* a) const; 
+
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app* a) const; 
     
     sort * mk_bool_sort() const { return m_bool_sort; }
     sort * mk_proof_sort() const { return m_proof_sort; } 
@@ -1116,7 +1150,6 @@ public:
 
     virtual decl_plugin * mk_fresh() { return alloc(label_decl_plugin); }
 
-
     virtual sort * mk_sort(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters);
 
     /**
@@ -1198,6 +1231,8 @@ public:
                                      unsigned arity, sort * const * domain, sort * range);
 
     virtual bool is_value(app* n) const;
+
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app* a) const; 
 };
 
 // -----------------------------------
@@ -1367,6 +1402,9 @@ public:
     ast_manager(ast_manager const & src, bool disable_proofs = false);
     ~ast_manager();
 
+    // propagate cancellation signal to decl_plugins
+    void set_cancel(bool f);
+
     bool has_trace_stream() const { return m_trace_stream != 0; }
     std::ostream & trace_stream() { SASSERT(has_trace_stream()); return *m_trace_stream; }
 
@@ -1442,9 +1480,13 @@ public:
     */
     void set_next_expr_id(unsigned id);
     
-    bool is_value(expr* e) const; 
+    bool is_value(expr * e) const; 
+    
+    bool is_unique_value(expr * e) const;
 
-    bool are_distinct(expr* a, expr* b) const;
+    bool are_equal(expr * a, expr * b) const;
+    
+    bool are_distinct(expr * a, expr * b) const;
     
     bool contains(ast * a) const { return m_ast_table.contains(a); }
     

src/ast/bv_decl_plugin.h

@@ -260,8 +260,10 @@ public:
     virtual func_decl * mk_func_decl(decl_kind k, unsigned num_parameters, parameter const * parameters, 
                                      unsigned num_args, expr * const * args, sort * range);
 
-    virtual bool is_value(app* e) const;
+    virtual bool is_value(app * e) const;
     
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app * e) const { return is_value(e); }
+
     virtual void get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic);
 
     virtual void get_sort_names(svector<builtin_name> & sort_names, symbol const & logic);

src/ast/datatype_decl_plugin.h

@@ -146,6 +146,9 @@ public:
     virtual bool is_fully_interp(sort const * s) const;
 
     virtual bool is_value(app* e) const;
+
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app * e) const { return is_value(e); }
+
 private:
     bool is_value_visit(expr * arg, ptr_buffer<app> & todo) const;
 };

src/ast/dl_decl_plugin.h

@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ namespace datalog {
         
         virtual void get_sort_names(svector<builtin_name> & sort_names, symbol const & logic);
 
-        virtual bool is_value(app* e) const { return is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_DL_CONSTANT); }
+        virtual bool is_value(app * e) const { return is_app_of(e, m_family_id, OP_DL_CONSTANT); }
+        virtual bool is_unique_value(app * e) const { return is_value(e); }
 
     };
 

src/ast/expr2polynomial.cpp

@@ -49,21 +49,24 @@ struct expr2polynomial::imp {
     polynomial::polynomial_ref_vector  m_presult_stack;
     polynomial::scoped_numeral_vector  m_dresult_stack;
 
+    bool                               m_use_var_idxs;
+
     volatile bool                      m_cancel;
     
-    imp(expr2polynomial & w, ast_manager & am, polynomial::manager & pm, expr2var * e2v):
+    imp(expr2polynomial & w, ast_manager & am, polynomial::manager & pm, expr2var * e2v, bool use_var_idxs):
         m_wrapper(w),
         m_am(am),
         m_autil(am),
         m_pm(pm),
-        m_expr2var(e2v == 0 ? alloc(expr2var, am) : e2v),
-        m_expr2var_owner(e2v == 0),
+        m_expr2var(e2v == 0 && !use_var_idxs ? alloc(expr2var, am) : e2v),
+        m_expr2var_owner(e2v == 0 && !use_var_idxs),
         m_var2expr(am),
         m_cached_domain(am),
         m_cached_polynomials(pm),
         m_cached_denominators(pm.m()),
         m_presult_stack(pm),
         m_dresult_stack(pm.m()),
+        m_use_var_idxs(use_var_idxs),
         m_cancel(false) {
     }
 
@@ -95,6 +98,14 @@ struct expr2polynomial::imp {
         cooperate("expr2polynomial");
     }
 
+    void throw_not_polynomial() {
+        throw default_exception("the given expression is not a polynomial");
+    }
+
+    void throw_no_int_var() {
+        throw default_exception("integer variables are not allowed in the given polynomial");
+    }
+
     void push_frame(app * t) {
         m_frame_stack.push_back(frame(t));
     }
@@ -127,14 +138,26 @@ struct expr2polynomial::imp {
     }
 
     void store_var_poly(expr * t) {
-        polynomial::var x = m_expr2var->to_var(t);
-        if (x == UINT_MAX) {
-            bool is_int = m_autil.is_int(t);
-            x = m_wrapper.mk_var(is_int);
-            m_expr2var->insert(t, x);
-            if (x >= m_var2expr.size())
-                m_var2expr.resize(x+1, 0);
-            m_var2expr.set(x, t);
+        polynomial::var x;
+        if (m_use_var_idxs) {
+            SASSERT(::is_var(t));
+            if (m_autil.is_int(t))
+                throw_no_int_var();
+            unsigned idx = to_var(t)->get_idx();
+            while (idx >= m_pm.num_vars())
+                m_pm.mk_var();
+            x = static_cast<polynomial::var>(idx);
+        }
+        else {
+            x = m_expr2var->to_var(t);
+            if (x == UINT_MAX) {
+                bool is_int = m_autil.is_int(t);
+                x = m_wrapper.mk_var(is_int);
+                m_expr2var->insert(t, x);
+                if (x >= m_var2expr.size())
+                    m_var2expr.resize(x+1, 0);
+                m_var2expr.set(x, t);
+            }
         }
         polynomial::numeral one(1);
         store_result(t, pm().mk_polynomial(x), one);
@@ -160,7 +183,10 @@ struct expr2polynomial::imp {
             rational k;
             SASSERT(t->get_num_args() == 2);
             if (!m_autil.is_numeral(t->get_arg(1), k) || !k.is_int() || !k.is_unsigned()) {
-                store_var_poly(t);
+                if (m_use_var_idxs)
+                    throw_not_polynomial();
+                else
+                    store_var_poly(t);
                 return true;
             }
             push_frame(t);
@@ -168,6 +194,8 @@ struct expr2polynomial::imp {
         }
         default:
             // can't handle operator
+            if (m_use_var_idxs)
+                throw_not_polynomial();
             store_var_poly(t);
             return true;
         }
@@ -190,6 +218,8 @@ struct expr2polynomial::imp {
         
         SASSERT(is_app(t));
         if (!m_autil.is_arith_expr(t)) {
+            if (m_use_var_idxs)
+                throw_not_polynomial();
             store_var_poly(t);
             return true;
         }
@@ -378,19 +408,25 @@ struct expr2polynomial::imp {
 
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
             margs.reset();
-            polynomial::monomial * m = pm().get_monomial(p, i);
+            polynomial::monomial * _m = pm().get_monomial(p, i);
             polynomial::numeral const & a = pm().coeff(p, i);
             if (!nm().is_one(a)) {
                 margs.push_back(m_autil.mk_numeral(rational(a), is_int));
             }
-            unsigned msz = pm().size(m);
+            unsigned msz = pm().size(_m);
             for (unsigned j = 0; j < msz; j++) {
-                polynomial::var x = pm().get_var(m, j);
-                expr * t = m_var2expr.get(x);
-                if (m_wrapper.is_int(x) && !is_int) {
-                    t = m_autil.mk_to_real(t);
+                polynomial::var x = pm().get_var(_m, j);
+                expr * t;
+                if (m_use_var_idxs) {
+                    t = m().mk_var(x, m_autil.mk_real());
                 }
-                unsigned d = pm().degree(m, j);
+                else {
+                    t = m_var2expr.get(x);
+                    if (m_wrapper.is_int(x) && !is_int) {
+                        t = m_autil.mk_to_real(t);
+                    }
+                }
+                unsigned d = pm().degree(_m, j);
                 if (use_power && d > 1) {
                     margs.push_back(m_autil.mk_power(t, m_autil.mk_numeral(rational(d), is_int)));
                 }
@@ -426,8 +462,8 @@ struct expr2polynomial::imp {
     }
 };
 
-expr2polynomial::expr2polynomial(ast_manager & am, polynomial::manager & pm, expr2var * e2v) {
-    m_imp = alloc(imp, *this, am, pm, e2v);
+expr2polynomial::expr2polynomial(ast_manager & am, polynomial::manager & pm, expr2var * e2v, bool use_var_idxs) {
+    m_imp = alloc(imp, *this, am, pm, e2v, use_var_idxs);
 }
 
 expr2polynomial::~expr2polynomial() {
@@ -451,10 +487,12 @@ void expr2polynomial::to_expr(polynomial::polynomial_ref const & p, bool use_pow
 }
 
 bool expr2polynomial::is_var(expr * t) const { 
+    SASSERT(!m_imp->m_use_var_idxs);
     return m_imp->m_expr2var->is_var(t); 
 }
     
 expr2var const & expr2polynomial::get_mapping() const { 
+    SASSERT(!m_imp->m_use_var_idxs);
     return *(m_imp->m_expr2var); 
 }
 

src/ast/expr2polynomial.h

@@ -29,7 +29,24 @@ class expr2polynomial {
     struct imp;
     imp * m_imp;
 public:
-    expr2polynomial(ast_manager & am, polynomial::manager & pm, expr2var * e2v);
+    expr2polynomial(ast_manager & am, 
+                    polynomial::manager & pm, 
+                    expr2var * e2v,
+                    /*
+                      If true, the expressions converted into 
+                      polynomials should only contain Z3 free variables.
+                      A Z3 variable x, with idx i, is converted into
+                      the variable i of the polynomial manager pm.
+                      
+                      An exception is thrown if there is a mismatch between
+                      the sorts x and the variable in the polynomial manager.
+
+                      The argument e2v is ignored when use_var_idxs is true.
+
+                      Moreover, only real variables are allowed.
+                    */
+                    bool use_var_idxs = false
+                    );
     virtual ~expr2polynomial();
 
     ast_manager & m() const;
@@ -63,6 +80,8 @@ public:
     
     /**
        \brief Return the mapping from expressions to variables
+    
+       \pre the object was created using use_var_idxs = false.
     */
     expr2var const & get_mapping() const;
 
@@ -74,10 +93,10 @@ public:
     /**
        \brief Return true if the variable is associated with an expression of integer sort.
     */
-    virtual bool is_int(polynomial::var x) const = 0;
+    virtual bool is_int(polynomial::var x) const { UNREACHABLE(); return false; }
 
 protected:
-    virtual polynomial::var mk_var(bool is_int) = 0;
+    virtual polynomial::var mk_var(bool is_int) { UNREACHABLE(); return polynomial::null_var; }
 };
 
 class default_expr2polynomial : public expr2polynomial {

src/ast/float_decl_plugin.h

@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ public:
     virtual void get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic);
     virtual void get_sort_names(svector<builtin_name> & sort_names, symbol const & logic);
     virtual bool is_value(app* e) const;
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app* e) const { return is_value(e); }
     
     mpf_manager & fm() { return m_fm; }
     func_decl * mk_value_decl(mpf const & v);

src/ast/pattern/pattern_inference_params_helper.pyg

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ def_module_params(class_name='pattern_inference_params_helper',
                   params=(('max_multi_patterns', UINT, 0, 'when patterns are not provided, the prover uses a heuristic to infer them, this option sets the threshold on the number of extra multi-patterns that can be created; by default, the prover creates at most one multi-pattern when there is no unary pattern'),
                           ('block_loop_patterns', BOOL, True, 'block looping patterns during pattern inference'),
                           ('arith', UINT, 1, '0 - do not infer patterns with arithmetic terms, 1 - use patterns with arithmetic terms if there is no other pattern, 2 - always use patterns with arithmetic terms'),
-                          ('use_database', BOOL, True, 'use pattern database'),
+                          ('use_database', BOOL, False, 'use pattern database'),
                           ('arith_weight', UINT, 5, 'default weight for quantifiers where the only available pattern has nested arithmetic terms'),
                           ('non_nested_arith_weight', UINT, 10, 'default weight for quantifiers where the only available pattern has non nested arithmetic terms'),
                           ('pull_quantifiers', BOOL, True, 'pull nested quantifiers, if no pattern was found'),

src/ast/rewriter/bool_rewriter.cpp

@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ br_status bool_rewriter::mk_distinct_core(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args
             return BR_DONE;
         }
         visited.mark(arg);
-        if (!m().is_value(arg))
+        if (!m().is_unique_value(arg))
             all_value = false;
     }
     if (all_value) {

src/ast/rewriter/th_rewriter.cpp

@@ -200,7 +200,12 @@ struct th_rewriter_cfg : public default_rewriter_cfg {
     expr * mk_eq_value(expr * lhs, expr * value) {
         SASSERT(m().is_value(value));
         if (m().is_value(lhs)) {
-            return lhs == value ? m().mk_true() : m().mk_false();
+            if (m().are_equal(lhs, value)) {
+                return m().mk_true();
+            }
+            else if (m().are_distinct(lhs, value)) {
+                return m().mk_false();
+            }
         }
         return m().mk_eq(lhs, value);
     }

src/ast/seq_decl_plugin.h

@@ -112,7 +112,10 @@ public:
     
     virtual void get_sort_names(svector<builtin_name> & sort_names, symbol const & logic);
     
-    virtual bool is_value(app* e) const;
+    virtual bool is_value(app * e) const;
+
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app * e) const { return is_value(e); }
+
     
 };
 

src/ast/simplifier/array_simplifier_plugin.cpp

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ bool array_simplifier_plugin::all_const_array(unsigned num_args, expr* const* ar
 
 bool array_simplifier_plugin::all_values(unsigned num_args, expr* const* args) const {
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
-        if (!m_manager.is_value(args[i])) {
+        if (!m_manager.is_unique_value(args[i])) {
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ lbool array_simplifier_plugin::eq_default(expr* def, unsigned arity, unsigned nu
         if (st[i][arity] == def) {
             continue;
         }
-        if (m_manager.is_value(st[i][arity]) && m_manager.is_value(def)) {
+        if (m_manager.is_unique_value(st[i][arity]) && m_manager.is_unique_value(def)) {
             return l_false;
         }
         return l_undef;
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ lbool array_simplifier_plugin::eq_default(expr* def, unsigned arity, unsigned nu
 bool array_simplifier_plugin::insert_table(expr* def, unsigned arity, unsigned num_st, expr*const* const* st, arg_table& table) {
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_st; ++i ) {
         for (unsigned j = 0; j < arity; ++j) {
-            if (!m_manager.is_value(st[i][j])) {
+            if (!m_manager.is_unique_value(st[i][j])) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -380,12 +380,12 @@ lbool array_simplifier_plugin::eq_stores(expr* def, unsigned arity, unsigned num
                 table2.erase(e1);
                 continue;
             }
-            if (m_manager.is_value(v1) && m_manager.is_value(v2)) {
+            if (m_manager.is_unique_value(v1) && m_manager.is_unique_value(v2)) {
                 return l_false;
             }
             return l_undef;
         }
-        else if (m_manager.is_value(v1) && m_manager.is_value(def) && v1 != def) {
+        else if (m_manager.is_unique_value(v1) && m_manager.is_unique_value(def) && v1 != def) {
             return l_false;
         }
     }
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ lbool array_simplifier_plugin::eq_stores(expr* def, unsigned arity, unsigned num
     for (; it != end; ++it) {
         args_entry const & e = *it;
         expr* v = e.m_args[arity];
-        if (m_manager.is_value(v) && m_manager.is_value(def) && v != def) {
+        if (m_manager.is_unique_value(v) && m_manager.is_unique_value(def) && v != def) {
             return l_false;
         }
     }
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ bool array_simplifier_plugin::reduce_eq(expr * lhs, expr * rhs, expr_ref & resul
                 return false;
             }
         }
-        else if (m_manager.is_value(c1) && m_manager.is_value(c2)) {
+        else if (m_manager.is_unique_value(c1) && m_manager.is_unique_value(c2)) {
             result = m_manager.mk_false();
             return true;
         }
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ array_simplifier_plugin::mk_select_const(expr* m, app* index, expr_ref& result)
     // 
     // Unfold and cache the store while searching for value of index.
     //     
-    while (is_store(a) && m_manager.is_value(to_app(a)->get_arg(1))) {
+    while (is_store(a) && m_manager.is_unique_value(to_app(a)->get_arg(1))) {
         app* b = to_app(a);
         app* c = to_app(b->get_arg(1));
         
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ void array_simplifier_plugin::mk_select(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args,
         return;
     }
 
-    bool is_const_select = num_args == 2 && m_manager.is_value(args[1]);
+    bool is_const_select = num_args == 2 && m_manager.is_unique_value(args[1]);
     app* const_index = is_const_select?to_app(args[1]):0;
     unsigned num_const_stores = 0;
     expr_ref tmp(m_manager);
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ void array_simplifier_plugin::mk_select(unsigned num_args, expr * const * args,
             expr * else_branch  = 0;
             entry[0] = nested_array;
             if (is_const_select) {
-                if (m_manager.is_value(to_app(m)->get_arg(1))) {
+                if (m_manager.is_unique_value(to_app(m)->get_arg(1))) {
                     app* const_index2 = to_app(to_app(m)->get_arg(1));
                     //
                     // we found the value, all other stores are different.

src/cmd_context/cmd_context.cpp

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ Notes:
 #include"well_sorted.h"
 #include"model_evaluator.h"
 #include"for_each_expr.h"
+#include"scoped_timer.h"
 
 func_decls::func_decls(ast_manager & m, func_decl * f):
     m_decls(TAG(func_decl*, f, 0)) {
@@ -591,14 +592,9 @@ void cmd_context::init_manager() {
     SASSERT(m_manager == 0);
     SASSERT(m_pmanager == 0);
     m_check_sat_result = 0;
-    m_manager  = alloc(ast_manager, 
-                       produce_proofs() ? PGM_FINE : PGM_DISABLED, 
-                       m_params.m_trace ? m_params.m_trace_file_name.c_str() : 0);
+    m_manager  = m_params.mk_ast_manager();
     m_pmanager = alloc(pdecl_manager, *m_manager);
     init_manager_core(true);
-    // PARAM-TODO
-    // if (params().m_smtlib2_compliant)
-    //    m_manager->enable_int_real_coercions(false);
 }
 
 void cmd_context::init_external_manager() {
@@ -1304,9 +1300,11 @@ void cmd_context::check_sat(unsigned num_assumptions, expr * const * assumptions
     if (m_solver) {
         m_check_sat_result = m_solver.get(); // solver itself stores the result.
         m_solver->set_progress_callback(this);
+        unsigned timeout     = m_params.m_timeout;
         scoped_watch sw(*this);
         cancel_eh<solver> eh(*m_solver);
         scoped_ctrl_c ctrlc(eh);
+        scoped_timer timer(timeout, &eh);
         lbool r;
         try {
             r = m_solver->check_sat(num_assumptions, assumptions);
@@ -1444,15 +1442,9 @@ void cmd_context::validate_model() {
 }
 
 void cmd_context::init_solver_options(solver * s) {
-    m_solver->set_produce_unsat_cores(produce_unsat_cores());
-    m_solver->set_produce_models(produce_models());
-    m_solver->set_produce_proofs(produce_proofs());
+    params_ref p;
+    m_params.init_solver_params(m(), *m_solver, p);
     m_solver->init(m(), m_logic);
-    if (!m_params.m_auto_config) {
-        params_ref p;
-        p.set_bool("auto_config", false);
-        m_solver->updt_params(p);
-    }
 }
 
 void cmd_context::set_solver(solver * s) {

src/cmd_context/context_params.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ Notes:
 #include"context_params.h"
 #include"gparams.h"
 #include"params.h"
+#include"ast.h"
+#include"solver.h"
 
 context_params::context_params() {
     updt_params();
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ void context_params::set_bool(bool & opt, char const * param, char const * value
 
 void context_params::set(char const * param, char const * value) {
     std::string p = param;
-    unsigned n = p.size();
+    unsigned n = static_cast<unsigned>(p.size());
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         if (p[i] >= 'A' && p[i] <= 'Z')
             p[i] = p[i] - 'A' + 'a';
@@ -77,6 +79,9 @@ void context_params::set(char const * param, char const * value) {
     else if (p == "debug_ref_count") {
         set_bool(m_debug_ref_count, param, value);
     }
+    else if (p == "smtlib2_compliant") {
+        set_bool(m_smtlib2_compliant, param, value);
+    }
     else {
         throw default_exception("unknown parameter '%s'", p.c_str());
     }
@@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ void context_params::updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
     m_trace_file_name   = p.get_str("trace_file_name", "z3.log");
     m_unsat_core        = p.get_bool("unsat_core", false);
     m_debug_ref_count   = p.get_bool("debug_ref_count", false);
+    m_smtlib2_compliant = p.get_bool("smtlib2_compliant", false);
 }
 
 void context_params::collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & d) {
@@ -111,4 +117,36 @@ void context_params::collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & d) {
     d.insert("trace_file_name", CPK_STRING, "trace out file name (see option 'trace')", "z3.log");
     d.insert("unsat_core", CPK_BOOL, "unsat-core generation for solvers, this parameter can be overwritten when creating a solver, not every solver in Z3 supports unsat core generation", "false");
     d.insert("debug_ref_count", CPK_BOOL, "debug support for AST reference counting", "false");
+    d.insert("smtlib2_compliant", CPK_BOOL, "enable/disable SMT-LIB 2.0 compliance", "false");
 }
+
+params_ref context_params::merge_default_params(params_ref const & p) {
+    if (!m_auto_config && !p.contains("auto_config")) {
+        params_ref new_p = p;
+        new_p.set_bool("auto_config", false);
+        return new_p;
+    }
+    else {
+        return p;
+    }
+}
+
+void context_params::init_solver_params(ast_manager & m, solver & s, params_ref const & p) {
+    s.set_produce_proofs(m.proofs_enabled() && m_proof);
+    s.set_produce_models(p.get_bool("model", m_model));
+    s.set_produce_unsat_cores(p.get_bool("unsat_core", m_unsat_core));
+    s.updt_params(merge_default_params(p));
+}
+
+ast_manager * context_params::mk_ast_manager() {
+    ast_manager * r = alloc(ast_manager, 
+                            m_proof ? PGM_FINE : PGM_DISABLED, 
+                            m_trace ? m_trace_file_name.c_str() : 0);
+    if (m_smtlib2_compliant)
+        r->enable_int_real_coercions(false);
+    if (m_debug_ref_count)
+        r->debug_ref_count();
+    return r;
+}
+
+

src/cmd_context/context_params.h

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Notes:
 #define _CONTEXT_PARAMS_H_
 
 #include"params.h"
+class ast_manager;
+class solver;
 
 class context_params {
     void set_bool(bool & opt, char const * param, char const * value);
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ public:
     bool        m_model;
     bool        m_model_validate;
     bool        m_unsat_core;
+    bool        m_smtlib2_compliant; // it must be here because it enable/disable the use of coercions in the ast_manager.
     unsigned    m_timeout;
 
     context_params();
@@ -45,6 +48,27 @@ public:
     /*
       REG_PARAMS('context_params::collect_param_descrs')
     */
+    
+    /**
+       \brief Goodie for updating the solver params
+       based on the configuration of the context_params object.
+
+       This method is used when creating solvers from the
+       cmd_context and API.
+    */
+    void init_solver_params(ast_manager & m, solver & s, params_ref const & p);
+
+    /**
+       \brief Include in p parameters derived from this context_params.
+       These are parameters that are meaningful for tactics and solvers.
+       Example: auto_config
+    */
+    params_ref merge_default_params(params_ref const & p);
+    
+    /**
+       \brief Create an AST manager using this configuration.
+    */
+    ast_manager * mk_ast_manager();
 };
 
 

src/cmd_context/tactic_cmds.cpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ tactic_cmd::~tactic_cmd() {
     dealloc(m_factory);
 }
 
-tactic * tactic_cmd::mk(ast_manager & m) { 
+tactic * tactic_cmd::mk(ast_manager & m) {
     return (*m_factory)(m, params_ref()); 
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public:
     }
     
     virtual void execute(cmd_context & ctx) {
-        params_ref p = ps();
+        params_ref p = ctx.params().merge_default_params(ps());
         tactic_ref tref = using_params(sexpr2tactic(ctx, m_tactic), p);
         tref->set_logic(ctx.get_logic());
         ast_manager & m = ctx.m();
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ public:
     }
     
     virtual void execute(cmd_context & ctx) {
-        params_ref p = ps();
+        params_ref p = ctx.params().merge_default_params(ps());
         tactic_ref tref = using_params(sexpr2tactic(ctx, m_tactic), p);
         {
             tactic & t = *(tref.get());

src/math/polynomial/algebraic_numbers.h

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ namespace algebraic_numbers {
         static void collect_param_descrs(param_descrs & r) { get_param_descrs(r); }
 
         void set_cancel(bool f);
+        
+        void cancel() { set_cancel(true); }
 
         void updt_params(params_ref const & p);
 

src/math/polynomial/polynomial.h

@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ namespace polynomial {
         void set_zp(uint64 p);
 
         void set_cancel(bool f);
+        void cancel() { set_cancel(true); }
 
         /**
            \brief Abstract event handler.

src/model/func_interp.cpp

@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ void func_entry::set_result(ast_manager & m, expr * r) {
     m_result = r;
 }
 
-bool func_entry::eq_args(unsigned arity, expr * const * args) const {
+bool func_entry::eq_args(ast_manager & m, unsigned arity, expr * const * args) const {
     unsigned i = 0;
     for (; i < arity; i++) {
-        if (m_args[i] != args[i])
+        if (!m.are_equal(m_args[i], args[i]))
             return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ bool func_interp::is_constant() const {
 }
 
 /**
-   \brief Return a func_entry e such that e.m_args[i] == args[i] for all i in [0, m_arity).
+   \brief Return a func_entry e such that m().are_equal(e.m_args[i], args[i]) for all i in [0, m_arity).
    If such entry does not exist then return 0, and store set
    args_are_values to true if for all entries e e.args_are_values() is true.
 */
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func_entry * func_interp::get_entry(expr * const * args) const {
     ptr_vector<func_entry>::const_iterator end = m_entries.end();
     for (; it != end; ++it) {
         func_entry * curr = *it;
-        if (curr->eq_args(m_arity, args))
+        if (curr->eq_args(m(), m_arity, args))
             return curr;
     }
     return 0;

src/model/func_interp.h

@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ public:
     expr * get_arg(unsigned idx) const { return m_args[idx]; }
     expr * const * get_args() const { return m_args; }
     /**
-       \brief Return true if m_args[i] == args[i] for all i in [0, arity)
+       \brief Return true if m.are_equal(m_args[i], args[i]) for all i in [0, arity)
     */
-    bool eq_args(unsigned arity, expr * const * args) const;
+    bool eq_args(ast_manager & m, unsigned arity, expr * const * args) const;
 };
 
 class func_interp {

src/muz_qe/dl_bmc_engine.h

@@ -35,83 +35,23 @@ namespace datalog {
         ast_manager&     m;
         smt_params       m_fparams;
         smt::kernel      m_solver;
-        obj_map<func_decl, sort*> m_pred2sort;
-        obj_map<sort, func_decl*> m_sort2pred;
-        obj_map<func_decl, func_decl*> m_pred2newpred;
-        obj_map<func_decl, ptr_vector<func_decl> > m_pred2args;
-        ast_ref_vector   m_pinned;
         rule_set         m_rules;
         func_decl_ref    m_query_pred;
         expr_ref         m_answer;
         volatile bool    m_cancel;
         proof_converter_ref m_pc;
-        sort_ref         m_path_sort;
-        bv_util          m_bv;
-        unsigned         m_bit_width;
-
-        lbool check_query();
-
-        proof_ref get_proof(model_ref& md, app* trace, app* path);
 
         void checkpoint();
 
-        void declare_datatypes();
-
-        void compile_nonlinear();
-
-        void mk_rule_vars_nonlinear(rule& r, unsigned rule_id, expr* trace_arg, expr* path_arg, expr_ref_vector& sub);
-
-        expr_ref mk_var_nonlinear(func_decl* pred, sort* s, unsigned idx, expr* path_arg, expr* trace_arg);
-
-        expr_ref mk_arg_nonlinear(func_decl* pred, unsigned idx, expr* path_arg, expr* trace_arg);
-
-        void mk_subst(rule& r, expr* path, app* trace, expr_ref_vector& sub);
+        class nonlinear_dt;
+        class nonlinear;
+        class qlinear;
+        class linear;
 
         bool is_linear() const;
-
-        lbool check_nonlinear();
-        void  setup_nonlinear();
-        bool check_model_nonlinear(model_ref& md, expr* trace);
-        void mk_answer_nonlinear(model_ref& md, expr_ref& trace, expr_ref& path);
         
-        func_decl_ref mk_predicate(func_decl* p);
-
-        func_decl_ref mk_rule(func_decl* p, unsigned rule_idx);
-
-        // linear check
-        lbool check_linear();
-        lbool check_linear(unsigned level);
-        void compile_linear();
-        void compile_linear(unsigned level);
-        void compile_linear(rule& r, unsigned level);
-        expr_ref mk_level_predicate(symbol const& name, unsigned level);
-        expr_ref mk_level_predicate(func_decl* p, unsigned level);
-        expr_ref mk_level_arg(func_decl* pred, unsigned idx, unsigned level);
-        expr_ref mk_level_rule(func_decl* p, unsigned rule_idx, unsigned level);
-        expr_ref mk_level_var(func_decl* pred, sort* s, unsigned rule_id, unsigned idx, unsigned level);
-        void get_model_linear(unsigned level);
-        void setup_linear();
-
         void assert_expr(expr* e);
 
-        void mk_rule_vars(rule& r, unsigned level, unsigned rule_id, expr_ref_vector& sub);
-
-        // quantified linear check
-        void  compile_qlinear();
-        void  setup_qlinear();
-        lbool check_qlinear();
-        lbool get_model_qlinear();
-        sort_ref mk_index_sort();
-        var_ref mk_index_var();
-        void mk_qrule_vars(datalog::rule const& r, unsigned i, expr_ref_vector& sub);
-        expr_ref mk_q_var(func_decl* pred, sort* s, unsigned rule_id, unsigned idx);
-        expr_ref mk_q_arg(func_decl* pred, unsigned idx, bool is_current);
-        expr_ref mk_q_one();
-        expr_ref mk_q_num(unsigned i);
-        expr_ref eval_q(model_ref& model, expr* t, unsigned i);
-        expr_ref eval_q(model_ref& model, func_decl* f, unsigned i);
-        func_decl_ref mk_q_rule(func_decl* f, unsigned rule_id);
-        func_decl_ref mk_q_func_decl(func_decl* f);
 
     public:
         bmc(context& ctx);
@@ -131,6 +71,10 @@ namespace datalog {
         void reset_statistics(); 
 
         expr_ref get_answer();
+
+        // direct access to (new) non-linear compiler.
+        void compile(rule_set const& rules, expr_ref_vector& fmls, unsigned level);
+        expr_ref compile_query(func_decl* query_pred, unsigned level);
     };
 };
 

src/muz_qe/dl_context.cpp

@@ -715,6 +715,8 @@ namespace datalog {
             check_positive_predicates(r);
             break;
         case BMC_ENGINE:
+            check_positive_predicates(r);
+            break;            
         case QBMC_ENGINE:
             check_existential_tail(r);
             check_positive_predicates(r);

src/muz_qe/dl_mk_array_blast.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ Revision History:
 --*/
 
 #include "dl_mk_array_blast.h"
-#include "expr_replacer.h"
+#include "expr_safe_replace.h"
+
 
 namespace datalog {
 
@@ -54,9 +55,10 @@ namespace datalog {
         unsigned tsz = r.get_tail_size();
         expr_ref_vector conjs(m), new_conjs(m);
         expr_ref tmp(m);
-        expr_substitution sub(m);
+        expr_safe_replace sub(m);
         uint_set lhs_vars, rhs_vars;
         bool change = false;
+        bool inserted = false;
 
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < utsz; ++i) {
             new_conjs.push_back(r.get_tail(i));
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@ namespace datalog {
                 }
                 else {
                     sub.insert(x, y);
+                    inserted = true;
                 }
             }
             else {
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ namespace datalog {
                 new_conjs.push_back(tmp);
             }
         }
-        if (sub.empty() && !change) {
+        if (!inserted && !change) {
             rules.add_rule(&r);
             return false;
         }
@@ -99,11 +102,9 @@ namespace datalog {
         r.to_formula(fml1);
         body = m.mk_and(new_conjs.size(), new_conjs.c_ptr());
         head = r.get_head();
-        scoped_ptr<expr_replacer> replace = mk_default_expr_replacer(m);
-        replace->set_substitution(&sub);
-        (*replace)(body);
+        sub(body);
         m_rewriter(body);
-        (*replace)(head);
+        sub(head);
         m_rewriter(head);
         fml2 = m.mk_implies(body, head);
         rm.mk_rule(fml2, new_rules, r.name());

src/muz_qe/dl_mk_coalesce.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         obj_map<expr, unsigned> indices;
         bool_rewriter bwr(m);
         rule_ref r(const_cast<rule*>(&rl), rm);
-        sort_ref_vector sorts(m);
+        ptr_vector<sort> sorts;
         expr_ref_vector revsub(m), conjs(m);
         rl.get_vars(sorts);
         revsub.resize(sorts.size());  
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ namespace datalog {
             if (is_var(e)) {
                 unsigned v = to_var(e)->get_idx();
                 SASSERT(v < valid.size());
-                if (sorts[v].get()) {
-                    SASSERT(s == sorts[v].get());
+                if (sorts[v]) {
+                    SASSERT(s == sorts[v]);
                     if (valid[v]) {
                         revsub[v] = w;
                         valid[v] = false;
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ namespace datalog {
             }
         }
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < sorts.size(); ++i) {
-            if (valid[i] && sorts[i].get() && !revsub[i].get()) {
-                revsub[i] = m.mk_var(m_idx++, sorts[i].get());
+            if (valid[i] && sorts[i] && !revsub[i].get()) {
+                revsub[i] = m.mk_var(m_idx++, sorts[i]);
             }
         }
         var_subst vs(m, false);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         app_ref pred(m), head(m);
         expr_ref fml1(m), fml2(m), fml(m);
         app_ref_vector tail(m);
-        sort_ref_vector sorts1(m), sorts2(m);
+        ptr_vector<sort> sorts1, sorts2;
         expr_ref_vector conjs1(m), conjs(m);
         rule_ref res(rm);
         bool_rewriter bwr(m);

src/muz_qe/dl_mk_extract_quantifiers2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    dl_mk_extract_quantifiers2.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Remove universal quantifiers over interpreted predicates in the body.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2012-11-21
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+
+#include"dl_mk_extract_quantifiers2.h"
+#include"ast_pp.h"
+#include"dl_bmc_engine.h"
+#include"smt_quantifier.h"
+#include"smt_context.h"
+
+namespace datalog {
+
+
+    mk_extract_quantifiers2::mk_extract_quantifiers2(context & ctx) : 
+        rule_transformer::plugin(101, false),
+        m_ctx(ctx),
+        m(ctx.get_manager()),
+        rm(ctx.get_rule_manager()),
+        m_query_pred(m),
+        m_quantifiers(m),
+        m_refs(m)
+    {}
+
+    mk_extract_quantifiers2::~mk_extract_quantifiers2() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    void mk_extract_quantifiers2::set_query(func_decl* q) {
+        m_query_pred = q;
+    }
+
+    bool mk_extract_quantifiers2::matches_signature(func_decl* head, expr_ref_vector const& binding) {
+        unsigned sz = head->get_arity();
+        if (sz != binding.size()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+            if (head->get_domain(i) != m.get_sort(binding[sz-i-1])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool mk_extract_quantifiers2::matches_quantifier(quantifier* q, expr_ref_vector const& binding) {
+        unsigned sz = q->get_num_decls();
+        if (sz != binding.size()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+            if (q->get_decl_sort(i) != m.get_sort(binding[sz-i-1])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool mk_extract_quantifiers2::mk_abstract_expr(expr_ref& term) {
+        if (!is_app(term)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        expr* r;
+        if (m_map.find(term, r)) {
+            term = r;
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (to_app(term)->get_family_id() == null_family_id) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        expr_ref_vector args(m);
+        expr_ref tmp(m);
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < to_app(term)->get_num_args(); ++i) {
+            tmp = to_app(term)->get_arg(i);
+            if (!mk_abstract_expr(tmp)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            args.push_back(tmp);
+        }
+        tmp = m.mk_app(to_app(term)->get_decl(), args.size(), args.c_ptr());
+        m_refs.push_back(tmp);
+        m_map.insert(term, tmp);
+        term = tmp;
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    bool mk_extract_quantifiers2::mk_abstract_binding(expr_ref_vector const& binding, expr_ref_vector& result) {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < binding.size(); ++i) {
+            expr_ref tmp(m);
+            tmp = binding[i];
+            if (!mk_abstract_expr(tmp)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            result.push_back(tmp);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    void mk_extract_quantifiers2::mk_abstraction_map(rule& r, expr_ref_vector const& binding) {
+        m_map.reset();
+        unsigned sz = binding.size();
+        SASSERT(sz == r.get_decl()->get_arity());
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
+            m_map.insert(binding[sz-i-1], r.get_head()->get_arg(i));
+            SASSERT(m.get_sort(binding[sz-i-1]) == m.get_sort(r.get_head()->get_arg(i)));
+        }
+        // todo: also make bindings for variables in rule body.
+    }
+
+    void mk_extract_quantifiers2::match_bindings(unsigned i, unsigned j, unsigned k) {
+        expr_ref_vector resb(m);
+        rule* r = m_qrules[i];
+        quantifier* q = m_quantifiers[i].get();
+        expr_ref_vector const& ruleb = m_rule_bindings[i][j];
+        expr_ref_vector const& quantb = m_quantifier_bindings[i][k];
+        mk_abstraction_map(*r, ruleb);
+        if (!mk_abstract_binding(quantb, resb)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        expr_ref inst(m), tmp(m);
+        var_shifter shift(m);
+        
+        for (unsigned l = 0; l < resb.size(); ++l) {
+            tmp = resb[l].get();
+            shift(tmp, q->get_num_decls(), tmp);
+            resb[l] = tmp;
+        }
+
+        instantiate(m, q, resb.c_ptr(), inst);
+        if (!m_seen.contains(r)) {
+            m_seen.insert(r, alloc(obj_hashtable<expr>));
+        }
+        obj_hashtable<expr>& seen = *m_seen.find(r);
+        if (seen.contains(inst)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        seen.insert(inst);
+        m_refs.push_back(inst);
+        if (!m_quantifier_instantiations.contains(r, q)) {
+            m_quantifier_instantiations.insert(r, q, alloc(expr_ref_vector, m));
+        }
+        expr_ref_vector* vec = 0;
+        VERIFY(m_quantifier_instantiations.find(r, q, vec));
+        vec->push_back(inst);
+        TRACE("dl", tout << "matched: " << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n" << mk_pp(inst, m) << "\n";);
+    }
+
+    app_ref mk_extract_quantifiers2::ensure_app(expr* e) {
+        if (is_app(e)) {
+            return app_ref(to_app(e), m);
+        }
+        else {
+            return app_ref(m.mk_eq(e, m.mk_true()), m);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void mk_extract_quantifiers2::extract(rule& r, rule_set& new_rules) {
+        unsigned utsz = r.get_uninterpreted_tail_size();
+        unsigned tsz = r.get_tail_size();
+        bool has_quantifier = false;
+        expr_ref_vector conjs(m);
+        for (unsigned i = utsz; i < tsz; ++i) {
+            conjs.push_back(r.get_tail(i));
+        }
+        datalog::flatten_and(conjs);
+        for (unsigned j = 0; j < conjs.size(); ++j) {
+            expr* e = conjs[j].get();
+            quantifier* q;
+            if (rule_manager::is_forall(m, e, q)) {
+                m_quantifiers.push_back(q);
+                m_qrules.push_back(&r);
+                m_rule_bindings.push_back(vector<expr_ref_vector>());
+                m_quantifier_bindings.push_back(vector<expr_ref_vector>());
+                has_quantifier = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!has_quantifier) {
+            new_rules.add_rule(&r);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void mk_extract_quantifiers2::apply(rule& r, rule_set& new_rules) {
+        expr_ref_vector tail(m), conjs(m);
+        expr_ref fml(m);
+        unsigned utsz = r.get_uninterpreted_tail_size();
+        unsigned tsz = r.get_tail_size();
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < utsz; ++i) {
+            SASSERT(!r.is_neg_tail(i));
+            tail.push_back(r.get_tail(i));
+        }
+        bool has_quantifier = false;
+        for (unsigned i = utsz; i < tsz; ++i) {
+            conjs.push_back(r.get_tail(i));
+        }
+        datalog::flatten_and(conjs);
+        for (unsigned j = 0; j < conjs.size(); ++j) {
+            expr* e = conjs[j].get();
+            quantifier* q;
+            if (rule_manager::is_forall(m, e, q)) {
+                expr_ref_vector* ls;
+                if (m_quantifier_instantiations.find(&r,q,ls)) {
+                    tail.append(*ls);
+                }
+                has_quantifier = true;
+            }
+            else {
+                tail.push_back(e);
+            }
+        }
+        if (has_quantifier) {
+            fml = m.mk_implies(m.mk_and(tail.size(), tail.c_ptr()), r.get_head());
+            rule_ref_vector rules(rm);
+            rm.mk_rule(fml, rules, r.name());
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < rules.size(); ++i) {
+                new_rules.add_rule(rules[i].get());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    class mk_extract_quantifiers2::instance_plugin : public smt::quantifier_instance_plugin {
+        mk_extract_quantifiers2& ex;
+        ast_manager&        m;
+        expr_ref_vector     m_refs;
+        obj_hashtable<expr> m_bindings;
+    public:
+        instance_plugin(mk_extract_quantifiers2& ex): ex(ex), m(ex.m), m_refs(m) {}
+
+        virtual void operator()(quantifier* q, unsigned num_bindings, smt::enode*const* bindings) {
+            expr_ref_vector binding(m);
+            ptr_vector<sort> sorts;
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bindings; ++i) {
+                binding.push_back(bindings[i]->get_owner());
+                sorts.push_back(m.get_sort(binding[i].get()));
+            }
+            func_decl* f = m.mk_func_decl(symbol("T"), sorts.size(), sorts.c_ptr(), m.mk_bool_sort());
+            expr_ref tup(m);
+            tup = m.mk_app(f, binding.size(), binding.c_ptr());
+            if (!m_bindings.contains(tup)) {
+                m_bindings.insert(tup);
+                m_refs.push_back(tup);
+                ex.m_bindings.push_back(binding);
+                TRACE("dl", tout << "insert\n" << mk_pp(q, m) << "\n" << mk_pp(tup, m) << "\n";);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+#endif
+
+    void mk_extract_quantifiers2::reset() {
+        {
+            obj_pair_map<rule,quantifier, expr_ref_vector*>::iterator 
+                it  = m_quantifier_instantiations.begin(),
+                end = m_quantifier_instantiations.end();
+            for (; it != end; ++it) {
+                dealloc(it->get_value());
+            }        
+        }
+        {
+            obj_map<rule,obj_hashtable<expr>*>::iterator 
+                it  = m_seen.begin(), 
+                end = m_seen.end();
+            for (; it != end; ++it) {
+                dealloc(it->m_value);
+            }
+        }
+        m_quantifier_instantiations.reset();
+        m_seen.reset();
+        m_has_quantifiers = false;
+        m_quantifiers.reset();
+        m_qrules.reset();
+        m_bindings.reset();
+        m_rule_bindings.reset();
+        m_quantifier_bindings.reset();
+        m_refs.reset();
+    }
+    
+    rule_set * mk_extract_quantifiers2::operator()(rule_set const & source, model_converter_ref& mc, proof_converter_ref& pc) {
+        reset();
+        rule_set::iterator it = source.begin(), end = source.end();
+        for (; !m_has_quantifiers && it != end; ++it) {
+            m_has_quantifiers = (*it)->has_quantifiers();
+        }
+        if (!m_has_quantifiers) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        rule_set* rules = alloc(rule_set, m_ctx);
+        it = source.begin();
+        for (; it != end; ++it) {
+            extract(**it, *rules);
+        }
+
+        bmc bmc(m_ctx);
+        expr_ref_vector fmls(m);
+        bmc.compile(source, fmls, 0); // TBD: use cancel_eh to terminate without base-case.
+        bmc.compile(source, fmls, 1);
+        bmc.compile(source, fmls, 2);
+//        bmc.compile(source, fmls, 3);
+        expr_ref query = bmc.compile_query(m_query_pred, 2);
+        fmls.push_back(query);
+        smt_params fparams;
+        fparams.m_relevancy_lvl = 0;
+        fparams.m_model = true;
+        fparams.m_model_compact = true;
+        fparams.m_mbqi = true;
+        smt::kernel solver(m, fparams);
+        TRACE("dl", 
+              for (unsigned i = 0; i < fmls.size(); ++i) {
+                  tout << mk_pp(fmls[i].get(), m) << "\n";
+              });
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < fmls.size(); ++i) {
+            solver.assert_expr(fmls[i].get());
+        }
+#if 0
+        smt::context& ctx = solver.get_context();
+        smt::quantifier_manager* qm = ctx.get_quantifier_manager();
+        qm->get_plugin()->set_instance_plugin(alloc(instance_plugin, *this));
+#endif
+        lbool res = solver.check();
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_bindings.size(); ++i) {
+            expr_ref_vector& binding = m_bindings[i];
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j < m_qrules.size(); ++j) {
+                rule* r = m_qrules[j];
+                if (matches_signature(r->get_decl(), binding)) {
+                    m_rule_bindings[j].push_back(binding);
+                }
+                else if (matches_quantifier(m_quantifiers[j].get(), binding)) {
+                    m_quantifier_bindings[j].push_back(binding);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_qrules.size(); ++i) {
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j < m_rule_bindings[i].size(); ++j) {
+                for (unsigned k = 0; k < m_quantifier_bindings[i].size(); ++k) {
+                    match_bindings(i, j, k);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        it = source.begin();
+        for (; it != end; ++it) {
+            apply(**it, *rules);
+        }
+
+        return rules;
+    }
+
+};
+
+

src/muz_qe/dl_mk_extract_quantifiers2.h

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*++
+Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation
+
+Module Name:
+
+    dl_mk_extract_quantifiers2.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Replace universal quantifiers over interpreted predicates in the body
+    by instantiations mined using bounded model checking search.
+
+Author:
+
+    Nikolaj Bjorner (nbjorner) 2012-11-21
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+#ifndef _DL_MK_EXTRACT_QUANTIFIERS2_H_
+#define _DL_MK_EXTRACT_QUANTIFIERS2_H_
+
+#include"dl_context.h"
+#include"dl_rule_set.h"
+#include"dl_rule_transformer.h"
+#include"obj_pair_hashtable.h"
+
+namespace datalog {
+
+    /**
+       \brief Extract universal quantifiers from rules.
+    */
+    class mk_extract_quantifiers2 : public rule_transformer::plugin {
+        context&        m_ctx;
+        ast_manager&    m;
+        rule_manager&   rm;
+        func_decl_ref   m_query_pred;
+        quantifier_ref_vector   m_quantifiers;
+        ptr_vector<rule>        m_qrules;
+        vector<expr_ref_vector>m_bindings;
+        vector<vector<expr_ref_vector> > m_rule_bindings;
+        vector<vector<expr_ref_vector> > m_quantifier_bindings;
+        obj_pair_map<rule,quantifier, expr_ref_vector*> m_quantifier_instantiations;
+        obj_map<rule, obj_hashtable<expr>*>  m_seen;
+        
+        bool                    m_has_quantifiers;
+        obj_map<expr,expr*>     m_map;
+        expr_ref_vector         m_refs;
+
+        class instance_plugin;
+
+        void reset();
+
+        void extract(rule& r, rule_set& new_rules);
+
+        void apply(rule& r, rule_set& new_rules);
+
+        app_ref ensure_app(expr* e);
+
+        bool matches_signature(func_decl* head, expr_ref_vector const& binding);
+
+        bool matches_quantifier(quantifier* q, expr_ref_vector const& binding);
+
+        void match_bindings(unsigned i, unsigned j, unsigned k);
+
+        bool mk_abstract_expr(expr_ref& term);
+
+        bool mk_abstract_binding(expr_ref_vector const& binding, expr_ref_vector& result);
+
+        void mk_abstraction_map(rule& r, expr_ref_vector const& binding);
+
+    public:
+        /**
+           \brief Create rule transformer that extracts universal quantifiers (over recursive predicates).
+         */
+        mk_extract_quantifiers2(context & ctx);
+
+        virtual ~mk_extract_quantifiers2();
+
+        void set_query(func_decl* q);
+        
+        rule_set * operator()(rule_set const & source, model_converter_ref& mc, proof_converter_ref& pc);
+
+        bool has_quantifiers() { return m_has_quantifiers; }
+
+    };
+
+};
+
+#endif /* _DL_MK_EXTRACT_QUANTIFIERS2_H_ */
+

src/muz_qe/dl_mk_rule_inliner.cpp

@@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ namespace datalog {
     expr_ref_vector rule_unifier::get_rule_subst(const rule& r, bool is_tgt) {
         SASSERT(m_ready);
         expr_ref_vector result(m);
-        sort_ref_vector sorts(m);
+        ptr_vector<sort> sorts;
         expr_ref v(m), w(m);
         r.get_vars(sorts);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < sorts.size(); ++i) {
-            if (!sorts[i].get()) {
+            if (!sorts[i]) {
                 sorts[i] = m.mk_bool_sort();
             }
-            v = m.mk_var(i, sorts[i].get());
+            v = m.mk_var(i, sorts[i]);
             m_subst.apply(2, m_deltas, expr_offset(v, is_tgt?0:1), w);
             result.push_back(w);            
         }        

src/muz_qe/dl_rule.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ Revision History:
 #include"expr_replacer.h"
 #include"bool_rewriter.h"
 #include"qe_lite.h"
+#include"expr_safe_replace.h"
 
 namespace datalog {
 
@@ -130,17 +131,15 @@ namespace datalog {
             return index;
         }
         // replace vars by de-bruijn indices
-        expr_substitution sub(m);
+        expr_safe_replace rep(m);
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
             app* v = vars[i].get();
             if (names) {
                 names->push_back(v->get_decl()->get_name());
             }                
-            sub.insert(v, m.mk_var(index++,m.get_sort(v)));
+            rep.insert(v, m.mk_var(index++,m.get_sort(v)));
         }
-        scoped_ptr<expr_replacer> rep = mk_default_expr_replacer(m); 
-        rep->set_substitution(&sub);
-        (*rep)(fml);
+        rep(fml);
         return index;
     }
 
@@ -936,7 +935,7 @@ namespace datalog {
         }        
     }
 
-    void rule::get_vars(sort_ref_vector& sorts) const {
+    void rule::get_vars(ptr_vector<sort>& sorts) const {
         sorts.reset();
         used_vars used;
         get_used_vars(used);

src/muz_qe/dl_rule.h

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ namespace datalog {
 
         void norm_vars(rule_manager & rm);
 
-        void get_vars(sort_ref_vector& sorts) const;
+        void get_vars(ptr_vector<sort>& sorts) const;
 
         void to_formula(expr_ref& result) const;
 

src/muz_qe/pdr_quantifiers.cpp

@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ namespace pdr {
         unsigned ut_size = r.get_uninterpreted_tail_size();
         unsigned t_size  = r.get_tail_size();   
         var_subst vs(m, false);
-        sort_ref_vector vars(m);
+        ptr_vector<sort> vars;
         uint_set empty_index_set;
         qe_lite qe(m);
 

src/parsers/smt2/smt2parser.cpp

@@ -2365,7 +2365,7 @@ namespace smt2 {
         parser(cmd_context & ctx, std::istream & is, bool interactive, params_ref const & p):
             m_ctx(ctx), 
             m_params(p),
-            m_scanner(ctx, is, interactive, p), 
+            m_scanner(ctx, is, interactive),
             m_curr(scanner::NULL_TOKEN),
             m_curr_cmd(0),
             m_num_bindings(0),

src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.cpp

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ namespace smt2 {
         }
     }
     
-    scanner::scanner(cmd_context & ctx, std::istream& stream, bool interactive, params_ref const & _p):
+    scanner::scanner(cmd_context & ctx, std::istream& stream, bool interactive):
         m_ctx(ctx),
         m_interactive(interactive), 
         m_spos(0),
@@ -254,9 +254,8 @@ namespace smt2 {
         m_bend(0),
         m_stream(stream),
         m_cache_input(false) {
-
-        parser_params p(_p);
-        m_smtlib2_compliant = p.smt2_compliant();
+        
+        m_smtlib2_compliant = ctx.params().m_smtlib2_compliant;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
             m_normalized[i] = (char) i;

src/parsers/smt2/smt2scanner.h

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace smt2 {
             EOF_TOKEN
         };
         
-        scanner(cmd_context & ctx, std::istream& stream, bool interactive = false, params_ref const & p = params_ref());
+        scanner(cmd_context & ctx, std::istream& stream, bool interactive = false);
         
         ~scanner() {}    
         

src/parsers/util/parser_params.pyg

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ def_module_params('parser',
                   params=(('ignore_user_patterns', BOOL, False, 'ignore patterns provided by the user'),
                           ('ignore_bad_patterns',  BOOL, True, 'ignore malformed patterns'),
                           ('error_for_visual_studio', BOOL, False, 'display error messages in Visual Studio format'),
-                          ('smt2_compliant', BOOL, False, 'enable/disable SMT-LIB 2.0 compliance')))
+                          ))

src/smt/mam.cpp

@@ -142,6 +142,14 @@ namespace smt {
         }
     };
 
+    struct initn : public instruction {
+        // We need that because starting at Z3 3.0, some associative
+        // operators (e.g., + and *) are represented using n-ary
+        // applications.
+        // We do not need the extra field for INIT1, ..., INIT6.
+        unsigned       m_num_args; 
+    };
+
     struct compare : public instruction {
         unsigned       m_reg1;
         unsigned       m_reg2;
@@ -608,7 +616,18 @@ namespace smt {
         instruction * mk_init(unsigned n) { 
             SASSERT(n >= 1);
             opcode op = n <= 6 ? static_cast<opcode>(INIT1 + n - 1) : INITN;
-            return mk_instr<instruction>(op, sizeof(instruction)); 
+            if (op == INITN) {
+                // We store the actual number of arguments for INITN.
+                // Starting at Z3 3.0, some associative operators
+                // (e.g., + and *) are represented using n-ary
+                // applications.
+                initn * r = mk_instr<initn>(op, sizeof(initn));
+                r->m_num_args = n;
+                return r;
+            }
+            else {
+                return mk_instr<instruction>(op, sizeof(instruction));
+            }
         }
 
     public:
@@ -2345,6 +2364,8 @@ namespace smt {
         case INITN:
             m_app      = m_registers[0];
             m_num_args = m_app->get_num_args();
+            if (m_num_args != static_cast<const initn *>(m_pc)->m_num_args)
+                goto backtrack;
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_num_args; i++)
                 m_registers[i+1] = m_app->get_arg(i);
             m_pc = m_pc->m_next;
@@ -3982,3 +4003,8 @@ namespace smt {
     }
 };
 
+#ifdef Z3DEBUG
+void pp(smt::code_tree * c) {
+    c->display(std::cout);
+}
+#endif

src/smt/params/smt_params.cpp

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ void smt_params::updt_local_params(params_ref const & _p) {
     m_delay_units = p.delay_units();
     m_delay_units_threshold = p.delay_units_threshold();
     m_preprocess = _p.get_bool("preprocess", true); // hidden parameter
+    m_soft_timeout = p.soft_timeout();
     if (_p.get_bool("arith.greatest_error_pivot", false))
         m_arith_pivot_strategy = ARITH_PIVOT_GREATEST_ERROR;
     else if (_p.get_bool("arith.least_error_pivot", false))
@@ -48,7 +49,6 @@ void smt_params::updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
 
 void smt_params::updt_params(context_params const & p) {
     m_auto_config    = p.m_auto_config;
-    m_soft_timeout   = p.m_timeout;
     m_model          = p.m_model;
     m_model_validate = p.m_model_validate;
 }

src/smt/params/smt_params_helper.pyg

@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ def_module_params(module_name='smt',
                           ('relevancy', UINT, 2, 'relevancy propagation heuristic: 0 - disabled, 1 - relevancy is tracked by only affects quantifier instantiation, 2 - relevancy is tracked, and an atom is only asserted if it is relevant'),
                           ('macro_finder', BOOL, False, 'try to find universally quantified formulas that can be viewed as macros'),
                           ('ematching', BOOL, True, 'E-Matching based quantifier instantiation'),
-                          ('phase_selection', UINT, 4, 'phase selection heuristic: 0 - always false, 1 - always true, 2 - phase caching, 3 - phase caching conservative, 4 - phase caching conservative 2, 5 - random, 6 - number of occurrences'),
+                          ('phase_selection', UINT, 3, 'phase selection heuristic: 0 - always false, 1 - always true, 2 - phase caching, 3 - phase caching conservative, 4 - phase caching conservative 2, 5 - random, 6 - number of occurrences'),
                           ('restart_strategy', UINT, 1, '0 - geometric, 1 - inner-outer-geometric, 2 - luby, 3 - fixed, 4 - arithmetic'),
                           ('restart_factor', DOUBLE, 1.1, 'when using geometric (or inner-outer-geometric) progression of restarts, it specifies the constant used to multiply the currect restart threshold'),
                           ('case_split', UINT, 1, '0 - case split based on variable activity, 1 - similar to 0, but delay case splits created during the search, 2 - similar to 0, but cache the relevancy, 3 - case split based on relevancy (structural splitting), 4 - case split on relevancy and activity, 5 - case split on relevancy and current goal'),
                           ('delay_units', BOOL, False, 'if true then z3 will not restart when a unit clause is learned'),
                           ('delay_units_threshold', UINT, 32, 'maximum number of learned unit clauses before restarting, ingored if delay_units is false'),
                           ('pull_nested_quantifiers', BOOL, False, 'pull nested quantifiers'),
+                          ('soft_timeout', UINT, 0, 'soft timeout (0 means no timeout)'),
                           ('mbqi', BOOL, True, 'model based quantifier instantiation (MBQI)'),
                           ('mbqi.max_cexs', UINT, 1, 'initial maximal number of counterexamples used in MBQI, each counterexample generates a quantifier instantiation'),
                           ('mbqi.max_cexs_incr', UINT, 0, 'increment for MBQI_MAX_CEXS, the increment is performed after each round of MBQI'),

src/smt/proto_model/proto_model.cpp

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ bool eval(func_interp & fi, simplifier & s, expr * const * args, expr_ref & resu
     basic_simplifier_plugin * bs = static_cast<basic_simplifier_plugin*>(s.get_plugin(fi.m().get_basic_family_id()));
     for (unsigned k = 0; k < fi.num_entries(); k++) {
         func_entry const * curr = fi.get_entry(k);
-        SASSERT(!curr->eq_args(fi.get_arity(), args));
+        SASSERT(!curr->eq_args(fi.m(), fi.get_arity(), args));
         if (!actuals_are_values || !curr->args_are_values()) {
             expr_ref_buffer eqs(fi.m());
             unsigned i = fi.get_arity();

src/smt/smt_internalizer.cpp

@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ namespace smt {
         }
         enode * e           = enode::mk(m_manager, m_region, m_app2enode, n, generation, suppress_args, merge_tf, m_scope_lvl, cgc_enabled, true);
         TRACE("mk_enode_detail", tout << "e.get_num_args() = " << e->get_num_args() << "\n";);
-        if (n->get_num_args() == 0 && m_manager.is_value(n))
+        if (n->get_num_args() == 0 && m_manager.is_unique_value(n))
             e->mark_as_interpreted();
         TRACE("mk_var_bug", tout << "mk_enode: " << id << "\n";);
         TRACE("generation", tout << "mk_enode: " << id << " " << generation << "\n";);

src/smt/tactic/smt_tactic.cpp

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ public:
             ast_manager & m = in->m();
             TRACE("smt_tactic", tout << this << "\nAUTO_CONFIG: " << fparams().m_auto_config << " HIDIV0: " << fparams().m_hi_div0 << " " 
                   << " PREPROCESS: " << fparams().m_preprocess << "\n";
+                  tout << "RELEVANCY: " << fparams().m_relevancy_lvl << "\n";
                   tout << "fail-if-inconclusive: " << m_fail_if_inconclusive << "\n";
                   tout << "params_ref: " << m_params_ref << "\n";);
             TRACE("smt_tactic_detail", in->display(tout););

src/smt/user_plugin/user_decl_plugin.h

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ public:
     
     virtual bool is_value(app*) const;
 
+    virtual bool is_unique_value(app * a) const { return is_value(a); }
+
     bool is_value(func_decl *) const;
     
     virtual void get_op_names(svector<builtin_name> & op_names, symbol const & logic);

src/tactic/core/cofactor_elim_term_ite.cpp

@@ -355,12 +355,12 @@ struct cofactor_elim_term_ite::imp {
                 expr * lhs;
                 expr * rhs;
                 if (m.is_eq(t, lhs, rhs)) {
-                    if (m.is_value(lhs)) {
+                    if (m.is_unique_value(lhs)) {
                         m_term  = rhs;
                         m_value = to_app(lhs); 
                         TRACE("set_cofactor_atom", tout << "term:\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(m_term, m) << "\nvalue: " << mk_ismt2_pp(m_value, m) << "\n";);
                     }
-                    else if (m.is_value(rhs)) {
+                    else if (m.is_unique_value(rhs)) {
                         m_term  = lhs;
                         m_value = to_app(rhs);
                         TRACE("set_cofactor_atom", tout << "term:\n" << mk_ismt2_pp(m_term, m) << "\nvalue: " << mk_ismt2_pp(m_value, m) << "\n";);

src/tactic/core/reduce_args_tactic.cpp

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ struct reduce_args_tactic::imp {
             unsigned j    = n->get_num_args();        
             while (j > 0) {
                 --j;
-                if (m_manager.is_value(n->get_arg(j)))
+                if (m_manager.is_unique_value(n->get_arg(j)))
                     return;
             }  
             m_non_cadidates.insert(d);
@@ -185,13 +185,13 @@ struct reduce_args_tactic::imp {
                 it->m_value.reserve(j);
                 while (j > 0) {
                     --j;
-                    it->m_value.set(j, m_manager.is_value(n->get_arg(j)));
+                    it->m_value.set(j, m_manager.is_unique_value(n->get_arg(j)));
                 }
             } else {
                 SASSERT(j == it->m_value.size());                        
                 while (j > 0) {
                     --j;
-                    it->m_value.set(j, it->m_value.get(j) && m_manager.is_value(n->get_arg(j)));
+                    it->m_value.set(j, it->m_value.get(j) && m_manager.is_unique_value(n->get_arg(j)));
                 }
             }
         }

src/tactic/tactical.cpp

@@ -559,10 +559,10 @@ public:
             ts.push_back(m_ts.get(i)->translate(*new_m));
         }
 
-        unsigned finished_id = UINT_MAX;
-        par_exception_kind ex_kind;
+        unsigned finished_id       = UINT_MAX;
+        par_exception_kind ex_kind = DEFAULT_EX;
         std::string        ex_msg;
-        unsigned           error_code;
+        unsigned           error_code = 0;
         
         #pragma omp parallel for
         for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(sz); i++) {
@@ -734,8 +734,8 @@ public:
 
             bool found_solution = false;
             bool failed         = false;
-            par_exception_kind ex_kind;
-            unsigned error_code;
+            par_exception_kind ex_kind = DEFAULT_EX;
+            unsigned error_code = 0;
             std::string  ex_msg;
 
             #pragma omp parallel for
@@ -1242,8 +1242,7 @@ public:
     virtual void updt_params(params_ref const & p) {
         TRACE("using_params", 
               tout << "before p: " << p << "\n";
-              tout << "m_params: " << m_params << "\n";
-              ;);
+              tout << "m_params: " << m_params << "\n";);
         
         params_ref new_p = p;
         new_p.append(m_params);

src/tactic/ufbv/ufbv_tactic.cpp

@@ -62,9 +62,8 @@ tactic * mk_ufbv_preprocessor_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
 tactic * mk_ufbv_tactic(ast_manager & m, params_ref const & p) {
     params_ref main_p(p);    
     main_p.set_bool("mbqi", true);
-    main_p.set_uint("mbqi_max_iterations", -1);
+    main_p.set_uint("mbqi.max_iterations", UINT_MAX);
     main_p.set_bool("elim_and", true);
-    main_p.set_bool("solver", true);
 
     tactic * t = and_then(repeat(mk_ufbv_preprocessor_tactic(m, main_p), 2),
                           mk_smt_tactic_using(false, main_p));

src/util/basic_interval.h

@@ -260,8 +260,8 @@ public:
        \brief c <- a - b
     */
     void sub(interval const & a, interval const & b, interval & c) {
-        m().sub(a.m_lower, b.m_lower, c.m_lower);
-        m().sub(a.m_upper, b.m_upper, c.m_upper);
+        m().sub(a.m_lower, b.m_upper, c.m_lower);
+        m().sub(a.m_upper, b.m_lower, c.m_upper);
     }
 
 private:

src/util/gparams.cpp

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ public:
         if (*name == ':')
             name++;
         std::string tmp = name;
-        unsigned n = tmp.size();
+        unsigned n = static_cast<unsigned>(tmp.size());
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++) {
             if (tmp[i] >= 'A' && tmp[i] <= 'Z')
                 tmp[i] = tmp[i] - 'A' + 'a';

src/util/params.cpp

@@ -21,13 +21,15 @@ Notes:
 #include"symbol.h"
 #include"dictionary.h"
 
+params_ref params_ref::g_empty_params_ref;
+
 std::string norm_param_name(char const * n) {
     if (n == 0)
         return "_";
     if (*n == ':')
         n++;
     std::string r = n;
-    unsigned sz = r.size();
+    unsigned sz = static_cast<unsigned>(r.size());
     if (sz == 0)
         return "_";
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ struct param_descrs::imp {
             if (smt2_style)
                 out << ':';
             char const * s = it2->bare_str();
-            unsigned n = strlen(s);
+            unsigned n = static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(s));
             for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                 if (smt2_style && s[i] == '_')
                     out << '-';

src/util/params.h

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ class params;
 class param_descrs;
 
 class params_ref {
+    static params_ref g_empty_params_ref;
+    
     params * m_params;
     void init();
     void copy_core(params const * p);
@@ -38,7 +40,9 @@ public:
     params_ref():m_params(0) {}
     params_ref(params_ref const & p);
     ~params_ref();
-
+    
+    static params_ref const & get_empty() { return g_empty_params_ref; }
+    
     params_ref & operator=(params_ref const & p);
     
     // copy params from src

src/util/scoped_timer.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Revision History:
    #define CLOCKID CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
    #else
    // FreeBSD does not support CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID 
-   #define CLOCKID CLOCK_PROF
+   #define CLOCKID CLOCK_MONOTONIC
    #endif
 #define SIG     SIGRTMIN
 // ---------