diff --git a/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.cpp b/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.cpp
index 0e6d88b1a..9341195a1 100644
--- a/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.cpp
+++ b/src/sat/tactic/goal2sat.cpp
@@ -260,6 +260,8 @@ struct goal2sat::imp : public sat::sat_internalizer {
     }
 
     void cache(app* t, sat::literal l) override {
+        if (t->get_ref_count() <= 1)
+            return;
         force_push();
         SASSERT(!m_app2lit.contains(t));
         SASSERT(!m_lit2app.contains(l.index()));