From 60eaaf6e0f7bf1020ee62f8b77e8ead5dcbb8f99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: acw1251 <acwright@mit.edu>
Date: Wed, 19 Jun 2019 15:39:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 001/197] Fixed pyosys commands returning RTLIL::SigSig

---
 misc/py_wrap_generator.py | 26 ++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/misc/py_wrap_generator.py b/misc/py_wrap_generator.py
index 9e5727499..48a54b643 100644
--- a/misc/py_wrap_generator.py
+++ b/misc/py_wrap_generator.py
@@ -508,23 +508,17 @@ class TupleTranslator(PythonDictTranslator):
 	#Generate c++ code to translate to a boost::python::tuple
 	@classmethod
 	def translate_cpp(c, varname, types, prefix, ref):
-		text  = prefix + TupleTranslator.typename + " " + varname + "___tmp = boost::python::make_tuple(" + varname + ".first, " + varname + ".second);"
-		return text
-		tmp_name = "tmp_" + str(Translator.tmp_cntr)
-		Translator.tmp_cntr = Translator.tmp_cntr + 1
-		if ref:
-			text += prefix + "for(auto " + tmp_name + " : *" + varname + ")"
+		# if the tuple is a pair of SigSpecs (aka SigSig), then we need
+		# to call get_py_obj() on each item in the tuple
+		if types[0].name in classnames:
+			first_var = types[0].name + "::get_py_obj(" + varname + ".first)"
 		else:
-			text += prefix + "for(auto " + tmp_name + " : " + varname + ")"
-		text += prefix + "{"
-		if types[0].name.split(" ")[-1] in primitive_types or types[0].name in enum_names:
-			text += prefix + "\t" + varname + "___tmp.append(" + tmp_name + ");"
-		elif types[0].name in known_containers:
-			text += known_containers[types[0].name].translate_cpp(tmp_name, types[0].cont.args, prefix + "\t", types[1].attr_type == attr_types.star)
-			text += prefix + "\t" + varname + "___tmp.append(" + types[0].name + "::get_py_obj(" + tmp_name + "___tmp);"
-		elif types[0].name in classnames:
-			text += prefix + "\t" + varname + "___tmp.append(" + types[0].name + "::get_py_obj(" + tmp_name + "));"
-		text += prefix + "}"
+			first_var = varname + ".first"
+		if types[1].name in classnames:
+			second_var = types[1].name + "::get_py_obj(" + varname + ".second)"
+		else:
+			second_var = varname + ".second"
+		text  = prefix + TupleTranslator.typename + " " + varname + "___tmp = boost::python::make_tuple(" + first_var + ", " + second_var + ");"
 		return text
 
 #Associate the Translators with their c++ type

From fdf0e82472d978ddbe0a287bdda8b5341b814d3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2019 11:16:15 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 002/197] Add missing CHANGELOG entries

---
 CHANGELOG | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 4d0c31e28..03ab2a7cc 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
     - Added "muxcover -nopartial"
     - Added "muxpack" pass
     - Added "pmux2shiftx -norange"
+    - Added "synth_xilinx -nocarry"
+    - Added "synth_xilinx -nowidelut"
+    - Added "synth_ecp5 -nowidelut"
     - "synth_xilinx" to now infer hard shift registers (-nosrl to disable)
     - Fixed sign extension of unsized constants with 'bx and 'bz MSB
 

From 43069e9eb91bf76164e80d6ea65443bd05567d64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2019 10:06:56 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 003/197] Checkout yosys-0.9-rc branch of yosys-tests

---
 Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 67bcb3d15..383ec9e55 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ vloghtb: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 
 ystests: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 	rm -rf tests/ystests
-	git clone https://github.com/YosysHQ/yosys-tests.git tests/ystests
+	git clone -b yosys-0.9-rc https://github.com/YosysHQ/yosys-tests.git tests/ystests
 	+$(MAKE) PATH="$$PWD:$$PATH" -C tests/ystests
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "  Finished \"make ystests\"."

From ef0823690c386c405fdd0ca2a3f45af8788a19aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2019 10:30:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 004/197] Merge pull request #1146 from gsomlo/gls-test-abc-ext

tests: use optional ABCEXTERNAL when specified
---
 Makefile                   | 10 ++++++++--
 tests/aiger/run-test.sh    | 14 ++++++++++++--
 tests/memories/run-test.sh |  6 ++++--
 tests/tools/autotest.sh    |  7 +++++--
 4 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 383ec9e55..bbae8c159 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -666,6 +666,12 @@ else
 SEEDOPT=""
 endif
 
+ifneq ($(ABCEXTERNAL),)
+ABCOPT="-A $(ABCEXTERNAL)"
+else
+ABCOPT=""
+endif
+
 test: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 	+cd tests/simple && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/hana && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
@@ -674,13 +680,13 @@ test: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 	+cd tests/share && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/fsm && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/techmap && bash run-test.sh
-	+cd tests/memories && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
+	+cd tests/memories && bash run-test.sh $(ABCOPT) $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/bram && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/various && bash run-test.sh
 	+cd tests/sat && bash run-test.sh
 	+cd tests/svinterfaces && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/opt && bash run-test.sh
-	+cd tests/aiger && bash run-test.sh
+	+cd tests/aiger && bash run-test.sh $(ABCOPT)
 	+cd tests/arch && bash run-test.sh
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "  Passed \"make test\"."
diff --git a/tests/aiger/run-test.sh b/tests/aiger/run-test.sh
index 5246c1b48..deaf48a3d 100755
--- a/tests/aiger/run-test.sh
+++ b/tests/aiger/run-test.sh
@@ -2,6 +2,16 @@
 
 set -e
 
+OPTIND=1
+abcprog="../../yosys-abc"    # default to built-in version of abc
+while getopts "A:" opt
+do
+    case "$opt" in
+	A) abcprog="$OPTARG" ;;
+    esac
+done
+shift "$((OPTIND-1))"
+
 # NB: *.aag and *.aig must contain a symbol table naming the primary
 #     inputs and outputs, otherwise ABC and Yosys will name them
 #     arbitrarily (and inconsistently with each other).
@@ -11,7 +21,7 @@ for aag in *.aag; do
     # (which would have been created by the reference aig2aig utility,
     #  available from http://fmv.jku.at/aiger/)
     echo "Checking $aag."
-    ../../yosys-abc -q "read -c ${aag%.*}.aig; write ${aag%.*}_ref.v"
+    $abcprog -q "read -c ${aag%.*}.aig; write ${aag%.*}_ref.v"
     ../../yosys -qp "
 read_verilog ${aag%.*}_ref.v
 prep
@@ -28,7 +38,7 @@ done
 
 for aig in *.aig; do
     echo "Checking $aig."
-    ../../yosys-abc -q "read -c $aig; write ${aig%.*}_ref.v"
+    $abcprog -q "read -c $aig; write ${aig%.*}_ref.v"
     ../../yosys -qp "
 read_verilog ${aig%.*}_ref.v
 prep
diff --git a/tests/memories/run-test.sh b/tests/memories/run-test.sh
index d0537bb98..76acaa9cd 100755
--- a/tests/memories/run-test.sh
+++ b/tests/memories/run-test.sh
@@ -4,15 +4,17 @@ set -e
 
 OPTIND=1
 seed=""    # default to no seed specified
-while getopts "S:" opt
+abcopt=""
+while getopts "A:S:" opt
 do
     case "$opt" in
+	A) abcopt="-A $OPTARG" ;;
 	S) seed="-S $OPTARG" ;;
     esac
 done
 shift "$((OPTIND-1))"
 
-bash ../tools/autotest.sh $seed -G *.v
+bash ../tools/autotest.sh $abcopt $seed -G *.v
 
 for f in `egrep -l 'expect-(wr-ports|rd-ports|rd-clk)' *.v`; do
 	echo -n "Testing expectations for $f .."
diff --git a/tests/tools/autotest.sh b/tests/tools/autotest.sh
index 96d9cdda9..7b64b357f 100755
--- a/tests/tools/autotest.sh
+++ b/tests/tools/autotest.sh
@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ warn_iverilog_git=false
 # The tests are skipped if firrtl2verilog is the empty string (the default).
 firrtl2verilog=""
 xfirrtl="../xfirrtl"
+abcprog="$toolsdir/../../yosys-abc"
 
 if [ ! -f $toolsdir/cmp_tbdata -o $toolsdir/cmp_tbdata.c -nt $toolsdir/cmp_tbdata ]; then
 	( set -ex; ${CC:-gcc} -Wall -o $toolsdir/cmp_tbdata $toolsdir/cmp_tbdata.c; ) || exit 1
 fi
 
-while getopts xmGl:wkjvref:s:p:n:S:I:-: opt; do
+while getopts xmGl:wkjvref:s:p:n:S:I:A:-: opt; do
 	case "$opt" in
 		x)
 			use_xsim=true ;;
@@ -65,6 +66,8 @@ while getopts xmGl:wkjvref:s:p:n:S:I:-: opt; do
 			include_opts="$include_opts -I $OPTARG"
 			xinclude_opts="$xinclude_opts -i $OPTARG"
 			minclude_opts="$minclude_opts +incdir+$OPTARG" ;;
+		A)
+			abcprog="$OPTARG" ;;
 		-)
 			case "${OPTARG}" in
 			    xfirrtl)
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ do
 		if [[ "$ext" == "v" ]]; then
 			egrep -v '^\s*`timescale' ../$fn > ${bn}_ref.${ext}
 		elif [[ "$ext" == "aig" ]] || [[ "$ext" == "aag" ]]; then
-			"$toolsdir"/../../yosys-abc -c "read_aiger ../${fn}; write ${bn}_ref.${refext}"
+			$abcprog -c "read_aiger ../${fn}; write ${bn}_ref.${refext}"
 		else
 			refext=$ext
 			cp ../${fn} ${bn}_ref.${refext}

From fc87c010c504863b242b8882c1170396a7d1d43c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2019 14:18:56 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 005/197] autotest.sh to define _AUTOTB when test_autotb

---
 tests/tools/autotest.sh | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/tools/autotest.sh b/tests/tools/autotest.sh
index 7b64b357f..4d3478628 100755
--- a/tests/tools/autotest.sh
+++ b/tests/tools/autotest.sh
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ do
 		fi
 
 		if [ ! -f ../${bn}_tb.v ]; then
-			"$toolsdir"/../../yosys -f "$frontend $include_opts" -b "test_autotb $autotb_opts" -o ${bn}_tb.v ${bn}_ref.${refext}
+			"$toolsdir"/../../yosys -f "$frontend $include_opts -D_AUTOTB" -b "test_autotb $autotb_opts" -o ${bn}_tb.v ${bn}_ref.${refext}
 		else
 			cp ../${bn}_tb.v ${bn}_tb.v
 		fi

From 7b298479d4a10ac20379955fa749e70560b72b7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2019 11:36:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 006/197] Fix read_verilog assert/assume/etc on default case
 label, fixes YosysHQ/SymbiYosys#53

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 frontends/verilog/verilog_lexer.l | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/frontends/verilog/verilog_lexer.l b/frontends/verilog/verilog_lexer.l
index d3fd91473..951d9c66f 100644
--- a/frontends/verilog/verilog_lexer.l
+++ b/frontends/verilog/verilog_lexer.l
@@ -193,6 +193,8 @@ YOSYS_NAMESPACE_END
     to fix parsing of cells otherwise. (the current cell parser forces a reduce very early to update some
     global state.. its a mess) */
 [a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z0-9_$]*/[ \t\r\n]*:[ \t\r\n]*(assert|assume|cover|restrict)[^a-zA-Z0-9_$\.] {
+	if (!strcmp(yytext, "default"))
+		return TOK_DEFAULT;
 	frontend_verilog_yylval.string = new std::string(std::string("\\") + yytext);
 	return TOK_SVA_LABEL;
 }

From 4b49c0201edc37d0d3edd906e2693d6284a1b0ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Shah <dave@ds0.me>
Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2019 16:47:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 007/197] Merge pull request #1153 from
 YosysHQ/dave/fix_multi_mux

memory_dff: Fix checking of feedback mux input when more than one mux
---
 passes/memory/memory_dff.cc   |  8 +++++---
 tests/memories/read_two_mux.v | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 tests/memories/run-test.sh    |  4 ++++
 3 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/memories/read_two_mux.v

diff --git a/passes/memory/memory_dff.cc b/passes/memory/memory_dff.cc
index 5215cce44..32b97f27a 100644
--- a/passes/memory/memory_dff.cc
+++ b/passes/memory/memory_dff.cc
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  *
  */
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include "kernel/yosys.h"
 #include "kernel/sigtools.h"
 
@@ -183,12 +184,12 @@ struct MemoryDffWorker
 		if (mux_cells_a.count(sig_data) || mux_cells_b.count(sig_data))
 		{
 			RTLIL::SigSpec en;
-			RTLIL::SigSpec check_q;
+			std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> check_q;
 
 			do {
 				bool enable_invert = mux_cells_a.count(sig_data) != 0;
 				Cell *mux = enable_invert ? mux_cells_a.at(sig_data) : mux_cells_b.at(sig_data);
-				check_q = sigmap(mux->getPort(enable_invert ? "\\B" : "\\A"));
+				check_q.push_back(sigmap(mux->getPort(enable_invert ? "\\B" : "\\A")));
 				sig_data = sigmap(mux->getPort("\\Y"));
 				en.append(enable_invert ? module->LogicNot(NEW_ID, mux->getPort("\\S")) : mux->getPort("\\S"));
 			} while (mux_cells_a.count(sig_data) || mux_cells_b.count(sig_data));
@@ -197,7 +198,8 @@ struct MemoryDffWorker
 				if (sigbit_users_count[bit] > 1)
 					goto skip_ff_after_read_merging;
 
-			if (find_sig_before_dff(sig_data, clk_data, clk_polarity, true) && clk_data != RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx) && sig_data == check_q)
+			if (find_sig_before_dff(sig_data, clk_data, clk_polarity, true) && clk_data != RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx) &&
+					std::all_of(check_q.begin(), check_q.end(), [&](const SigSpec &cq) {return cq == sig_data; }))
 			{
 				disconnect_dff(sig_data);
 				cell->setPort("\\CLK", clk_data);
diff --git a/tests/memories/read_two_mux.v b/tests/memories/read_two_mux.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f2e7e1cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/memories/read_two_mux.v
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// expect-wr-ports 1
+// expect-rd-ports 1
+// expect-no-rd-clk
+
+module top(input clk, input we, re, reset, input [7:0] addr, wdata, output reg [7:0] rdata);
+
+reg [7:0] bram[0:255];
+(* keep *) reg dummy;
+
+always @(posedge clk) begin
+	rdata <= re ? (reset ? 8'b0 : bram[addr]) : rdata;
+	if (we)
+		bram[addr] <= wdata;
+end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/memories/run-test.sh b/tests/memories/run-test.sh
index 76acaa9cd..8d1a8b413 100755
--- a/tests/memories/run-test.sh
+++ b/tests/memories/run-test.sh
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ for f in `egrep -l 'expect-(wr-ports|rd-ports|rd-clk)' *.v`; do
 		grep -q "connect \\\\RD_CLK \\$(gawk '/expect-rd-clk/ { print $3; }' $f)\$" ${f%.v}.dmp ||
 				{ echo " ERROR: Unexpected read clock."; false; }
 	fi
+	if grep -q expect-no-rd-clk $f; then
+		grep -q "connect \\\\RD_CLK 1'x\$" ${f%.v}.dmp ||
+				{ echo " ERROR: Expected no read clock."; false; }
+	fi
 	echo " ok."
 done
 

From d105e2f03f259e4f2be3d6d9ba970565d8422b87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2019 10:45:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 008/197] Merge pull request #1154 from
 whitequark/manual-sync-always

manual: explain the purpose of `sync always`
---
 manual/CHAPTER_Overview.tex | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manual/CHAPTER_Overview.tex b/manual/CHAPTER_Overview.tex
index 1a25c477f..3009bf2c0 100644
--- a/manual/CHAPTER_Overview.tex
+++ b/manual/CHAPTER_Overview.tex
@@ -331,8 +331,9 @@ to update {\tt \textbackslash{}q}.
 An RTLIL::Process is a container for zero or more RTLIL::SyncRule objects and
 exactly one RTLIL::CaseRule object, which is called the {\it root case}.
 
-An RTLIL::SyncRule object contains an (optional) synchronization condition
-(signal and edge-type) and zero or more assignments (RTLIL::SigSig).
+An RTLIL::SyncRule object contains an (optional) synchronization condition (signal and edge-type) and zero or
+more assignments (RTLIL::SigSig). The {\tt always} synchronization condition is used to break combinatorial
+loops when a latch should be inferred instead.
 
 An RTLIL::CaseRule is a container for zero or more assignments (RTLIL::SigSig)
 and zero or more RTLIL::SwitchRule objects. An RTLIL::SwitchRule objects is a

From fecd3aa2b15a20fc72d790b2437ee016ae879c14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2019 12:30:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 009/197] Merge pull request #1147 from
 YosysHQ/clifford/fix1144

Improve specify dummy parser
---
 frontends/verilog/verilog_parser.y | 95 +++++-------------------------
 tests/various/specify.v            | 11 +++-
 tests/various/specify.ys           |  2 +
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frontends/verilog/verilog_parser.y b/frontends/verilog/verilog_parser.y
index d89b2dc88..0fec445fa 100644
--- a/frontends/verilog/verilog_parser.y
+++ b/frontends/verilog/verilog_parser.y
@@ -1021,13 +1021,8 @@ list_of_specparam_assignments:
 specparam_assignment:
 	ignspec_id '=' constant_mintypmax_expression ;
 
-/*
-pulsestyle_declaration :
-	;
-
-showcancelled_declaration :
-	;
-*/
+ignspec_opt_cond:
+	TOK_IF '(' ignspec_expr ')' | /* empty */;
 
 path_declaration :
 	simple_path_declaration ';'
@@ -1036,8 +1031,8 @@ path_declaration :
 	;
 
 simple_path_declaration :
-	parallel_path_description '=' path_delay_value |
-	full_path_description '=' path_delay_value
+	ignspec_opt_cond parallel_path_description '=' path_delay_value |
+	ignspec_opt_cond full_path_description '=' path_delay_value
 	;
 
 path_delay_value :
@@ -1047,32 +1042,20 @@ path_delay_value :
 	;
 
 list_of_path_delay_extra_expressions :
-/*
-	t_path_delay_expression
-	| trise_path_delay_expression ',' tfall_path_delay_expression
-	| trise_path_delay_expression ',' tfall_path_delay_expression ',' tz_path_delay_expression
-	| t01_path_delay_expression ',' t10_path_delay_expression ',' t0z_path_delay_expression ','
-	  tz1_path_delay_expression ',' t1z_path_delay_expression ',' tz0_path_delay_expression
-	| t01_path_delay_expression ',' t10_path_delay_expression ',' t0z_path_delay_expression ','
-	  tz1_path_delay_expression ',' t1z_path_delay_expression ',' tz0_path_delay_expression ','
-	  t0x_path_delay_expression ',' tx1_path_delay_expression ',' t1x_path_delay_expression ','
-	  tx0_path_delay_expression ',' txz_path_delay_expression ',' tzx_path_delay_expression
-*/
-	',' path_delay_expression
-	|  ',' path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression
-	|  ',' path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression ','
-	  path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression
-	|  ',' path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression ','
-	  path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression ','
-	  path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression ','
-	  path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression ',' path_delay_expression
-	;
+	',' path_delay_expression | ',' path_delay_expression list_of_path_delay_extra_expressions;
+
+specify_edge_identifier :
+	TOK_POSEDGE | TOK_NEGEDGE ;
 
 parallel_path_description :
-	'(' specify_input_terminal_descriptor opt_polarity_operator '=' '>' specify_output_terminal_descriptor ')' ;
+	'(' specify_input_terminal_descriptor opt_polarity_operator '=' '>' specify_output_terminal_descriptor ')' |
+	'(' specify_edge_identifier specify_input_terminal_descriptor '=' '>' '(' specify_output_terminal_descriptor opt_polarity_operator ':' ignspec_expr ')' ')' |
+	'(' specify_edge_identifier specify_input_terminal_descriptor '=' '>' '(' specify_output_terminal_descriptor TOK_POS_INDEXED ignspec_expr ')' ')' ;
 
 full_path_description :
-	'(' list_of_path_inputs '*' '>' list_of_path_outputs ')' ;
+	'(' list_of_path_inputs '*' '>' list_of_path_outputs ')' |
+	'(' specify_edge_identifier list_of_path_inputs '*' '>' '(' list_of_path_outputs opt_polarity_operator ':' ignspec_expr ')' ')' |
+	'(' specify_edge_identifier list_of_path_inputs '*' '>' '(' list_of_path_outputs TOK_POS_INDEXED ignspec_expr ')' ')' ;
 
 // This was broken into 2 rules to solve shift/reduce conflicts
 list_of_path_inputs :
@@ -1112,56 +1095,6 @@ system_timing_args :
 	system_timing_arg |
 	system_timing_args ',' system_timing_arg ;
 
-/*
-t_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-trise_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-tfall_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-tz_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-t01_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-t10_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-t0z_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-tz1_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-t1z_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-tz0_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-t0x_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-tx1_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-t1x_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-tx0_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-txz_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-
-tzx_path_delay_expression :
-	path_delay_expression;
-*/
-
 path_delay_expression :
 	ignspec_constant_expression;
 
diff --git a/tests/various/specify.v b/tests/various/specify.v
index afc421da8..5d44d78f7 100644
--- a/tests/various/specify.v
+++ b/tests/various/specify.v
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ module test (
 		if (EN) Q <= D;
 
 	specify
-		if (EN) (CLK *> (Q : D)) = (1, 2:3:4);
+`ifndef SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_IGN_PARSER_CONSTRUCTS
+		if (EN) (posedge CLK *> (Q : D)) = (1, 2:3:4);
 		$setup(D, posedge CLK &&& EN, 5);
 		$hold(posedge CLK, D &&& EN, 6);
+`endif
 	endspecify
 endmodule
 
@@ -28,3 +30,10 @@ module test2 (
 		(B => Q) = 1.5;
 	endspecify
 endmodule
+
+module issue01144(input clk, d, output q);
+specify
+  (posedge clk => (q +: d)) = (3,1);
+  (posedge clk *> (q +: d)) = (3,1);
+endspecify
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/various/specify.ys b/tests/various/specify.ys
index a5ca07219..00597e1e2 100644
--- a/tests/various/specify.ys
+++ b/tests/various/specify.ys
@@ -54,3 +54,5 @@ equiv_struct
 equiv_induct -seq 5
 equiv_status -assert
 design -reset
+
+read_verilog -DSKIP_UNSUPPORTED_IGN_PARSER_CONSTRUCTS specify.v

From 17e0cc010c12fc69fdadc2c342da1ef8e16a2d91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 5 Jul 2019 11:57:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 010/197] Merge pull request #1159 from
 btut/fix/1090_segfault_cell_and_wire

Throw runtime exception when trying to convert inexistend C++ object to Python
---
 misc/py_wrap_generator.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/misc/py_wrap_generator.py b/misc/py_wrap_generator.py
index 9e5727499..66d661fa1 100644
--- a/misc/py_wrap_generator.py
+++ b/misc/py_wrap_generator.py
@@ -779,6 +779,9 @@ class WClass:
 
 			#if self.link_type != link_types.pointer:
 			text += "\n\t\tstatic " + self.name + "* get_py_obj(" + long_name + "* ref)\n\t\t{"
+			text += "\n\t\t\tif(ref == nullptr){"
+			text += "\n\t\t\t\tthrow std::runtime_error(\"" + self.name + " does not exist.\");"
+			text += "\n\t\t\t}"
 			text += "\n\t\t\t" + self.name + "* ret = (" + self.name + "*)malloc(sizeof(" + self.name + "));"
 			if self.link_type == link_types.pointer:
 				text += "\n\t\t\tret->ref_obj = ref;"

From 76f20492a468ffef9902712e36c856f3a6e63dd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Tue, 9 Jul 2019 16:56:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 011/197] Merge pull request #1162 from
 whitequark/rtlil-case-attrs

Allow attributes on individual switch cases in RTLIL
---
 backends/ilang/ilang_backend.cc |  5 +++++
 frontends/ilang/ilang_parser.y  | 13 +++++++++----
 kernel/rtlil.h                  |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backends/ilang/ilang_backend.cc b/backends/ilang/ilang_backend.cc
index b4ba2b03f..313af7d5c 100644
--- a/backends/ilang/ilang_backend.cc
+++ b/backends/ilang/ilang_backend.cc
@@ -204,6 +204,11 @@ void ILANG_BACKEND::dump_proc_switch(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, const
 
 	for (auto it = sw->cases.begin(); it != sw->cases.end(); ++it)
 	{
+		for (auto ait = (*it)->attributes.begin(); ait != (*it)->attributes.end(); ++ait) {
+			f << stringf("%s  attribute %s ", indent.c_str(), ait->first.c_str());
+			dump_const(f, ait->second);
+			f << stringf("\n");
+		}
 		f << stringf("%s  case ", indent.c_str());
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < (*it)->compare.size(); i++) {
 			if (i > 0)
diff --git a/frontends/ilang/ilang_parser.y b/frontends/ilang/ilang_parser.y
index 44c99906a..b4b9693da 100644
--- a/frontends/ilang/ilang_parser.y
+++ b/frontends/ilang/ilang_parser.y
@@ -282,14 +282,14 @@ proc_stmt:
 	} case_body sync_list TOK_END EOL;
 
 switch_stmt:
-	attr_list TOK_SWITCH sigspec EOL {
+	TOK_SWITCH sigspec EOL {
 		RTLIL::SwitchRule *rule = new RTLIL::SwitchRule;
-		rule->signal = *$3;
+		rule->signal = *$2;
 		rule->attributes = attrbuf;
 		switch_stack.back()->push_back(rule);
 		attrbuf.clear();
-		delete $3;
-	} switch_body TOK_END EOL;
+		delete $2;
+	} attr_list switch_body TOK_END EOL;
 
 attr_list:
 	/* empty */ |
@@ -298,9 +298,11 @@ attr_list:
 switch_body:
 	switch_body TOK_CASE {
 		RTLIL::CaseRule *rule = new RTLIL::CaseRule;
+		rule->attributes = attrbuf;
 		switch_stack.back()->back()->cases.push_back(rule);
 		switch_stack.push_back(&rule->switches);
 		case_stack.push_back(rule);
+		attrbuf.clear();
 	} compare_list EOL case_body {
 		switch_stack.pop_back();
 		case_stack.pop_back();
@@ -319,12 +321,15 @@ compare_list:
 	/* empty */;
 
 case_body:
+	case_body attr_stmt |
 	case_body switch_stmt |
 	case_body assign_stmt |
 	/* empty */;
 
 assign_stmt:
 	TOK_ASSIGN sigspec sigspec EOL {
+		if (attrbuf.size() != 0)
+			rtlil_frontend_ilang_yyerror("dangling attribute");
 		case_stack.back()->actions.push_back(RTLIL::SigSig(*$2, *$3));
 		delete $2;
 		delete $3;
diff --git a/kernel/rtlil.h b/kernel/rtlil.h
index 8509670ff..7b7367fba 100644
--- a/kernel/rtlil.h
+++ b/kernel/rtlil.h
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ public:
 #endif
 };
 
-struct RTLIL::CaseRule
+struct RTLIL::CaseRule : public RTLIL::AttrObject
 {
 	std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> compare;
 	std::vector<RTLIL::SigSig> actions;

From 8af7ced5cd452bd0ef1e6bc17206e9360a893e49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Tue, 9 Jul 2019 16:57:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 012/197] Merge pull request #1163 from
 whitequark/more-case-attrs

More support for case rule attributes
---
 backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc | 17 +++++++++++------
 frontends/ast/genrtlil.cc           |  1 +
 passes/proc/proc_mux.cc             | 26 ++++++++++++++++----------
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc b/backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc
index 827af5d85..6288502a5 100644
--- a/backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc
+++ b/backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc
@@ -364,20 +364,22 @@ void dump_sigspec(std::ostream &f, const RTLIL::SigSpec &sig)
 	}
 }
 
-void dump_attributes(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const> &attributes, char term = '\n', bool modattr = false)
+void dump_attributes(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const> &attributes, char term = '\n', bool modattr = false, bool as_comment = false)
 {
 	if (noattr)
 		return;
+	if (attr2comment)
+		as_comment = true;
 	for (auto it = attributes.begin(); it != attributes.end(); ++it) {
-		f << stringf("%s" "%s %s", indent.c_str(), attr2comment ? "/*" : "(*", id(it->first).c_str());
+		f << stringf("%s" "%s %s", indent.c_str(), as_comment ? "/*" : "(*", id(it->first).c_str());
 		f << stringf(" = ");
 		if (modattr && (it->second == Const(0, 1) || it->second == Const(0)))
 			f << stringf(" 0 ");
 		else if (modattr && (it->second == Const(1, 1) || it->second == Const(1)))
 			f << stringf(" 1 ");
 		else
-			dump_const(f, it->second, -1, 0, false, attr2comment);
-		f << stringf(" %s%c", attr2comment ? "*/" : "*)", term);
+			dump_const(f, it->second, -1, 0, false, as_comment);
+		f << stringf(" %s%c", as_comment ? "*/" : "*)", term);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1492,6 +1494,7 @@ void dump_proc_switch(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw
 		return;
 	}
 
+	dump_attributes(f, indent, sw->attributes);
 	f << stringf("%s" "casez (", indent.c_str());
 	dump_sigspec(f, sw->signal);
 	f << stringf(")\n");
@@ -1511,7 +1514,9 @@ void dump_proc_switch(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw
 				dump_sigspec(f, (*it)->compare[i]);
 			}
 		}
-		f << stringf(":\n");
+		f << stringf(":");
+		dump_attributes(f, indent, (*it)->attributes, ' ', /*modattr=*/false, /*as_comment=*/true);
+		f << stringf("\n");
 		dump_case_body(f, indent + "    ", *it);
 	}
 
@@ -1662,7 +1667,7 @@ void dump_module(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Module *module)
 		}
 	}
 
-	dump_attributes(f, indent, module->attributes, '\n', true);
+	dump_attributes(f, indent, module->attributes, '\n', /*attr2comment=*/true);
 	f << stringf("%s" "module %s(", indent.c_str(), id(module->name, false).c_str());
 	bool keep_running = true;
 	for (int port_id = 1; keep_running; port_id++) {
diff --git a/frontends/ast/genrtlil.cc b/frontends/ast/genrtlil.cc
index 079fc11e5..571ddd988 100644
--- a/frontends/ast/genrtlil.cc
+++ b/frontends/ast/genrtlil.cc
@@ -504,6 +504,7 @@ struct AST_INTERNAL::ProcessGenerator
 
 					RTLIL::CaseRule *backup_case = current_case;
 					current_case = new RTLIL::CaseRule;
+					current_case->attributes["\\src"] = stringf("%s:%d", child->filename.c_str(), child->linenum);
 					last_generated_case = current_case;
 					addChunkActions(current_case->actions, this_case_eq_ltemp, this_case_eq_rvalue);
 					for (auto node : child->children) {
diff --git a/passes/proc/proc_mux.cc b/passes/proc/proc_mux.cc
index aac0b121c..d029282fd 100644
--- a/passes/proc/proc_mux.cc
+++ b/passes/proc/proc_mux.cc
@@ -144,7 +144,13 @@ struct SnippetSwCache
 	}
 };
 
-RTLIL::SigSpec gen_cmp(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> &compare, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw, bool ifxmode)
+void apply_attrs(RTLIL::Cell *cell, const RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw, const RTLIL::CaseRule *cs)
+{
+	cell->attributes = sw->attributes;
+	cell->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cs->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
+}
+
+RTLIL::SigSpec gen_cmp(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> &compare, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw, RTLIL::CaseRule *cs, bool ifxmode)
 {
 	std::stringstream sstr;
 	sstr << "$procmux$" << (autoidx++);
@@ -173,7 +179,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec gen_cmp(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const s
 		{
 			// create compare cell
 			RTLIL::Cell *eq_cell = mod->addCell(stringf("%s_CMP%d", sstr.str().c_str(), cmp_wire->width), ifxmode ? "$eqx" : "$eq");
-			eq_cell->attributes = sw->attributes;
+			apply_attrs(eq_cell, sw, cs);
 
 			eq_cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = RTLIL::Const(0);
 			eq_cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = RTLIL::Const(0);
@@ -199,7 +205,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec gen_cmp(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const s
 
 		// reduce cmp vector to one logic signal
 		RTLIL::Cell *any_cell = mod->addCell(sstr.str() + "_ANY", "$reduce_or");
-		any_cell->attributes = sw->attributes;
+		apply_attrs(any_cell, sw, cs);
 
 		any_cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = RTLIL::Const(0);
 		any_cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = RTLIL::Const(cmp_wire->width);
@@ -212,7 +218,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec gen_cmp(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const s
 	return RTLIL::SigSpec(ctrl_wire);
 }
 
-RTLIL::SigSpec gen_mux(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> &compare, RTLIL::SigSpec when_signal, RTLIL::SigSpec else_signal, RTLIL::Cell *&last_mux_cell, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw, bool ifxmode)
+RTLIL::SigSpec gen_mux(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> &compare, RTLIL::SigSpec when_signal, RTLIL::SigSpec else_signal, RTLIL::Cell *&last_mux_cell, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw, RTLIL::CaseRule *cs, bool ifxmode)
 {
 	log_assert(when_signal.size() == else_signal.size());
 
@@ -224,7 +230,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec gen_mux(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const s
 		return when_signal;
 
 	// compare results
-	RTLIL::SigSpec ctrl_sig = gen_cmp(mod, signal, compare, sw, ifxmode);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec ctrl_sig = gen_cmp(mod, signal, compare, sw, cs, ifxmode);
 	if (ctrl_sig.size() == 0)
 		return when_signal;
 	log_assert(ctrl_sig.size() == 1);
@@ -234,7 +240,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec gen_mux(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const s
 
 	// create the multiplexer itself
 	RTLIL::Cell *mux_cell = mod->addCell(sstr.str(), "$mux");
-	mux_cell->attributes = sw->attributes;
+	apply_attrs(mux_cell, sw, cs);
 
 	mux_cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = RTLIL::Const(when_signal.size());
 	mux_cell->setPort("\\A", else_signal);
@@ -246,7 +252,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec gen_mux(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const s
 	return RTLIL::SigSpec(result_wire);
 }
 
-void append_pmux(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> &compare, RTLIL::SigSpec when_signal, RTLIL::Cell *last_mux_cell, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw, bool ifxmode)
+void append_pmux(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> &compare, RTLIL::SigSpec when_signal, RTLIL::Cell *last_mux_cell, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw, RTLIL::CaseRule *cs, bool ifxmode)
 {
 	log_assert(last_mux_cell != NULL);
 	log_assert(when_signal.size() == last_mux_cell->getPort("\\A").size());
@@ -254,7 +260,7 @@ void append_pmux(RTLIL::Module *mod, const RTLIL::SigSpec &signal, const std::ve
 	if (when_signal == last_mux_cell->getPort("\\A"))
 		return;
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec ctrl_sig = gen_cmp(mod, signal, compare, sw, ifxmode);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec ctrl_sig = gen_cmp(mod, signal, compare, sw, cs, ifxmode);
 	log_assert(ctrl_sig.size() == 1);
 	last_mux_cell->type = "$pmux";
 
@@ -395,9 +401,9 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec signal_to_mux_tree(RTLIL::Module *mod, SnippetSwCache &swcache, d
 			RTLIL::CaseRule *cs2 = sw->cases[case_idx];
 			RTLIL::SigSpec value = signal_to_mux_tree(mod, swcache, swpara, cs2, sig, initial_val, ifxmode);
 			if (last_mux_cell && pgroups[case_idx] == pgroups[case_idx+1])
-				append_pmux(mod, sw->signal, cs2->compare, value, last_mux_cell, sw, ifxmode);
+				append_pmux(mod, sw->signal, cs2->compare, value, last_mux_cell, sw, cs2, ifxmode);
 			else
-				result = gen_mux(mod, sw->signal, cs2->compare, value, result, last_mux_cell, sw, ifxmode);
+				result = gen_mux(mod, sw->signal, cs2->compare, value, result, last_mux_cell, sw, cs2, ifxmode);
 		}
 	}
 

From c8979a3353c531884fd7f7dec8c06682d0b4b3ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Shah <dave@ds0.me>
Date: Tue, 9 Jul 2019 18:51:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 013/197] Update CHANGELOG

Signed-off-by: David Shah <dave@ds0.me>
---
 CHANGELOG | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 03ab2a7cc..b3a697562 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
     - Added "synth_ecp5 -nowidelut"
     - "synth_xilinx" to now infer hard shift registers (-nosrl to disable)
     - Fixed sign extension of unsized constants with 'bx and 'bz MSB
+    - Added support for attributes on case rules
 
 
 Yosys 0.7 .. Yosys 0.8

From 1d58bbb79c36d88c24008797947789d9ae5605be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Tue, 9 Jul 2019 22:51:25 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 014/197] Merge pull request #1175 from
 whitequark/write_verilog-fix-case-attr-position

write_verilog: fix placement of case attributes
---
 backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc b/backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc
index 6288502a5..087c6fec6 100644
--- a/backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc
+++ b/backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc
@@ -1501,6 +1501,7 @@ void dump_proc_switch(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw
 
 	bool got_default = false;
 	for (auto it = sw->cases.begin(); it != sw->cases.end(); ++it) {
+		dump_attributes(f, indent + "  ", (*it)->attributes, '\n', /*modattr=*/false, /*as_comment=*/true);
 		if ((*it)->compare.size() == 0) {
 			if (got_default)
 				continue;
@@ -1514,9 +1515,7 @@ void dump_proc_switch(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw
 				dump_sigspec(f, (*it)->compare[i]);
 			}
 		}
-		f << stringf(":");
-		dump_attributes(f, indent, (*it)->attributes, ' ', /*modattr=*/false, /*as_comment=*/true);
-		f << stringf("\n");
+		f << stringf(":\n");
 		dump_case_body(f, indent + "    ", *it);
 	}
 

From b97fe6e86651b3a4736c46a49d76878beb088a8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2019 14:20:43 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 015/197] Work in progress for renaming labels/options in
 synth_xilinx

---
 techlibs/xilinx/{drams.txt => lutrams.txt}    |  0
 .../xilinx/{drams_map.v => lutrams_map.v}     |  0
 techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc               | 31 ++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 rename techlibs/xilinx/{drams.txt => lutrams.txt} (100%)
 rename techlibs/xilinx/{drams_map.v => lutrams_map.v} (100%)

diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/drams.txt b/techlibs/xilinx/lutrams.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from techlibs/xilinx/drams.txt
rename to techlibs/xilinx/lutrams.txt
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/drams_map.v b/techlibs/xilinx/lutrams_map.v
similarity index 100%
rename from techlibs/xilinx/drams_map.v
rename to techlibs/xilinx/lutrams_map.v
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
index b672a0d4f..a6c1fa873 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		log("        (this feature is experimental and incomplete)\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -nobram\n");
-		log("        disable inference of block rams\n");
+		log("        do not use block RAM cells in output netlist\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("    -nodram\n");
-		log("        disable inference of distributed rams\n");
+		log("    -nolutram\n");
+		log("        do not use distributed RAM cells in output netlist\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -nosrl\n");
-		log("        disable inference of shift registers\n");
+		log("        do not use distributed SRL cells in output netlist\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -nocarry\n");
 		log("        do not use XORCY/MUXCY/CARRY4 cells in output netlist\n");
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 	}
 
 	std::string top_opt, edif_file, blif_file, family;
-	bool flatten, retime, vpr, nobram, nodram, nosrl, nocarry, nowidelut, abc9;
+	bool flatten, retime, vpr, nobram, nolutram, nosrl, nocarry, nowidelut, abc9;
 	int widemux;
 
 	void clear_flags() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		vpr = false;
 		nocarry = false;
 		nobram = false;
-		nodram = false;
+		nolutram = false;
 		nosrl = false;
 		nocarry = false;
 		nowidelut = false;
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 				nobram = true;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (args[argidx] == "-nodram") {
-				nodram = true;
+			if (args[argidx] == "-nolutram" || /*deprecated alias*/ args[argidx] == "-nodram") {
+				nolutram = true;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (args[argidx] == "-nosrl") {
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 			run("opt_clean");
 		}
 
-		if (check_label("bram", "(skip if '-nobram')")) {
+		if (check_label("map_bram", "(skip if '-nobram')")) {
 			if (help_mode) {
 				run("memory_bram -rules +/xilinx/{family}_brams.txt");
 				run("techmap -map +/xilinx/{family}_brams_map.v");
@@ -301,20 +301,23 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (check_label("dram", "(skip if '-nodram')")) {
-			if (!nodram || help_mode) {
-				run("memory_bram -rules +/xilinx/drams.txt");
-				run("techmap -map +/xilinx/drams_map.v");
+		if (check_label("map_lutram", "(skip if '-nolutram')")) {
+			if (!nolutram || help_mode) {
+				run("memory_bram -rules +/xilinx/lutrams.txt");
+				run("techmap -map +/xilinx/lutrams_map.v");
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (check_label("fine")) {
+		if (check_label("map_ffram")) {
 			if (widemux > 0)
 				run("opt -fast -mux_bool -undriven -fine"); // Necessary to omit -mux_undef otherwise muxcover
 									    // performs less efficiently
 			else
 				run("opt -fast -full");
 			run("memory_map");
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("fine")) {
 			run("dffsr2dff");
 			run("dff2dffe");
 			if (help_mode) {

From 4b71e6c42155d3359e0cca8529c12799209cf808 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2019 14:21:04 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 016/197] Add CHANGELOG entry

---
 CHANGELOG | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 44d83c1bf..b475ae423 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Added "synth -abc9" (experimental)
     - Added "script -scriptwire
     - "synth_xilinx" to now infer wide multiplexers (-widemux <min> to enable)
+    - Renamed labels/options in synth_ice40 (e.g. map_dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
+    - Renamed labels/options in synth_ecp5 (e.g. map_dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
+    - Renamed labels/options in synth_xilinx (e.g. map_dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
 
 
 Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev

From 43616e1414ed3d98b44c4a55f4d08e2d10664aa1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2019 14:51:55 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 017/197] Update Makefile too

---
 techlibs/xilinx/Makefile.inc | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/xilinx/Makefile.inc
index 2c6e7432e..2b1af289c 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/Makefile.inc
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams.txt))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/drams.txt))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/drams_map.v))
+$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/lutrams.txt))
+$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/lutrams_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/arith_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/ff_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/xilinx,techlibs/xilinx/lut_map.v))

From 280288a62abb97b4ffe8e3bc56896811f291bab5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2019 07:46:06 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 018/197] Update changelog

---
 CHANGELOG | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index b475ae423..b82a62495 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Added "synth -abc9" (experimental)
     - Added "script -scriptwire
     - "synth_xilinx" to now infer wide multiplexers (-widemux <min> to enable)
-    - Renamed labels/options in synth_ice40 (e.g. map_dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
-    - Renamed labels/options in synth_ecp5 (e.g. map_dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
-    - Renamed labels/options in synth_xilinx (e.g. map_dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
+    - Renamed labels/options in synth_ice40 (e.g. dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
+    - Renamed labels/options in synth_ecp5 (e.g. dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
+    - Renamed labels in synth_intel (e.g. bram -> map_bram)
+    - Renamed labels/options in synth_xilinx (e.g. dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
 
 
 Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev

From 297a9802122817e143b1e4b87fd0d4e357606a72 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2019 10:44:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 019/197] Bump abc to fix &mfs bug

---
 Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index d33f27b63..3bc119800 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ OBJS = kernel/version_$(GIT_REV).o
 # is just a symlink to your actual ABC working directory, as 'make mrproper'
 # will remove the 'abc' directory and you do not want to accidentally
 # delete your work on ABC..
-ABCREV = 62487de
+ABCREV = 5776ad0
 ABCPULL = 1
 ABCURL ?= https://github.com/berkeley-abc/abc
 ABCMKARGS = CC="$(CXX)" CXX="$(CXX)" ABC_USE_LIBSTDCXX=1

From 07c4a7d4388cdacaa15512dd2f6f0f9e9fcb31f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bogdan Vukobratovic <bogdan.vukobratovic@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2019 11:36:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 020/197] Implement opt_share

This pass identifies arithmetic operators that share an operand and whose
results are used in mutually exclusive cases controlled by a multiplexer, and
merges them together by multiplexing the other operands
---
 passes/opt/Makefile.inc         |   2 +-
 passes/opt/opt_share.cc         | 329 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v       |  15 ++
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys      |   9 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v  |  19 ++
 tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys |  10 +
 6 files changed, 383 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 passes/opt/opt_share.cc
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys

diff --git a/passes/opt/Makefile.inc b/passes/opt/Makefile.inc
index ea3646330..eb07e9452 100644
--- a/passes/opt/Makefile.inc
+++ b/passes/opt/Makefile.inc
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ OBJS += passes/opt/opt_merge.o
 OBJS += passes/opt/opt_muxtree.o
 OBJS += passes/opt/opt_reduce.o
 OBJS += passes/opt/opt_rmdff.o
+OBJS += passes/opt/opt_share.o
 OBJS += passes/opt/opt_clean.o
 OBJS += passes/opt/opt_expr.o
 
@@ -16,4 +17,3 @@ OBJS += passes/opt/opt_lut.o
 OBJS += passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.o
 OBJS += passes/opt/muxpack.o
 endif
-
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f6f59b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/log.h"
+#include "kernel/register.h"
+#include "kernel/rtlil.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+SigMap assign_map;
+
+// Helper class that to track whether a SigSpec is signed and whether it is
+// connected to the \\B port of the $sub cell, which makes its sign prefix
+// negative.
+struct ExtSigSpec {
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
+	bool sign;
+	bool is_signed;
+
+	ExtSigSpec() {}
+
+	ExtSigSpec(RTLIL::SigSpec s, bool sign = false, bool is_signed = false) : sig(s), sign(sign), is_signed(is_signed) {}
+
+	ExtSigSpec(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name, SigMap *sigmap)
+	{
+		sign = (cell->type == "$sub") && (port_name == "\\B");
+		sig = (*sigmap)(cell->getPort(port_name));
+
+		is_signed = false;
+		if (cell->hasParam(port_name.str() + "_SIGNED")) {
+			is_signed = cell->getParam(port_name.str() + "_SIGNED").as_bool();
+		}
+	}
+
+	bool empty() const { return sig.empty(); }
+
+	bool operator<(const ExtSigSpec &other) const
+	{
+		if (sig != other.sig)
+			return sig < other.sig;
+
+		if (sign != other.sign)
+			return sign < other.sign;
+
+		return is_signed < other.is_signed;
+	}
+
+	bool operator==(const RTLIL::SigSpec &other) const { return sign ? false : sig == other; }
+	bool operator==(const ExtSigSpec &other) const { return is_signed == other.is_signed && sign == other.sign && sig == other.sig; }
+};
+
+void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<RTLIL::Cell *> &operators, int offset, int width,
+		     const ExtSigSpec &operand)
+{
+
+	std::vector<ExtSigSpec> muxed_operands;
+	int max_width = 0;
+	for (auto op : operators) {
+		for (auto &conn : op->connections()) {
+			if (op->output(conn.first))
+				continue;
+
+			if (conn.second != operand.sig) {
+				auto operand = ExtSigSpec(op, conn.first, &assign_map);
+				if (operand.sig.size() > max_width) {
+					max_width = operand.sig.size();
+				}
+
+				muxed_operands.push_back(operand);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (auto &operand : muxed_operands) {
+		operand.sig.extend_u0(max_width, operand.is_signed);
+	}
+
+	auto shared_op = operators[0];
+
+	for (auto op : operators) {
+		if (op == shared_op)
+			continue;
+		module->remove(op);
+	}
+
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_out = mux->getPort("\\Y");
+
+	if (muxed_operands[0].sign != muxed_operands[1].sign) {
+		muxed_operands[1] = ExtSigSpec(module->Neg(NEW_ID, muxed_operands[1].sig, muxed_operands[1].is_signed));
+	}
+
+	auto mux_to_oper = module->Mux(NEW_ID, muxed_operands[0].sig, muxed_operands[1].sig, mux->getPort("\\S"));
+
+	shared_op->setPort("\\Y", mux_out.extract(offset, width));
+	shared_op->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", width);
+
+	auto dummy = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
+
+	mux_out.replace(offset, dummy);
+	mux->setPort("\\Y", mux_out);
+
+	if (shared_op->getPort("\\A") == operand.sig) {
+		shared_op->setPort("\\B", mux_to_oper);
+		shared_op->setParam("\\B_WIDTH", max_width);
+	} else {
+		shared_op->setPort("\\A", mux_to_oper);
+		shared_op->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", max_width);
+	}
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+	RTLIL::Cell *mux;
+	std::vector<RTLIL::Cell *> operators;
+	int offset;
+	int width;
+	ExtSigSpec shared_operand;
+} shared_op_t;
+
+bool find_op_res_width(int offset, int &width, RTLIL::SigSpec porta, RTLIL::SigSpec portb,
+		       const dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig, const dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> &op_outbit_user_cnt)
+{
+
+	std::array<RTLIL::SigSpec, 2> op_outsigs{op_outbit_to_outsig.at(porta[offset]), op_outbit_to_outsig.at(portb[offset])};
+
+	width = 0;
+	bool multi_user = false;
+
+	while (true) {
+		for (const auto &op_outsig : op_outsigs)
+			if (op_outbit_user_cnt.at(op_outsig[width]) > 1)
+				multi_user = true;
+
+		++offset;
+		++width;
+
+		if ((offset >= porta.size()) || (width >= op_outsigs[0].size()) || (width >= op_outsigs[1].size()))
+			break;
+
+		if ((porta[offset] != op_outsigs[0][width]) || (portb[offset] != op_outsigs[1][width]))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (multi_user)
+		return false;
+
+	for (const auto &outsig : op_outsigs)
+		for (int i = width; i < outsig.size(); i++)
+			if (op_outbit_user_cnt.count(outsig[i]))
+				return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+ExtSigSpec find_shared_operand(const std::vector<RTLIL::Cell *> &operators, const std::map<ExtSigSpec, std::set<RTLIL::Cell *>> &operand_to_users)
+{
+
+	std::set<RTLIL::Cell *> operators_set(operators.begin(), operators.end());
+	ExtSigSpec oper;
+
+	auto op_a = operators[0];
+	for (auto &conn : op_a->connections()) {
+		if (op_a->output(conn.first))
+			continue;
+
+		oper = ExtSigSpec(op_a, conn.first, &assign_map);
+		auto bundle = operand_to_users.at(oper);
+
+		if (std::includes(bundle.begin(), bundle.end(), operators_set.begin(), operators_set.end()))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return oper;
+}
+
+dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> find_op_outbit_user_cnt(RTLIL::Module *module, const dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig)
+{
+	dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> op_outbit_user_cnt;
+
+	std::function<void(SigSpec)> update_op_outbit_user_cnt = [&](SigSpec sig) {
+		auto outsig = assign_map(sig);
+		for (auto outbit : outsig)
+			if (op_outbit_to_outsig.count(outbit))
+				op_outbit_user_cnt[outbit]++;
+	};
+
+	for (auto cell : module->cells())
+		for (auto &conn : cell->connections())
+			if (cell->input(conn.first))
+				update_op_outbit_user_cnt(conn.second);
+
+	for (auto w : module->wires()) {
+		if (!w->port_output)
+			continue;
+
+		update_op_outbit_user_cnt(w);
+	}
+
+	return op_outbit_user_cnt;
+}
+
+struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
+	OptRmdffPass() : Pass("opt_share", "merge arithmetic operators that share an operand") {}
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    opt_share [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("This pass identifies arithmetic operators that share an operand and whose\n");
+		log("results are used in mutually exclusive cases controlled by a multiplexer,\n");
+		log("and merges them together by multiplexing the other operands.\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string>, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+
+		log_header(design, "Executing OPT_SHARE pass.\n");
+
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
+			assign_map.clear();
+			assign_map.set(module);
+
+			std::map<ExtSigSpec, std::set<RTLIL::Cell *>> operand_to_users;
+			dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, RTLIL::Cell *> outsig_to_operator;
+			dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> op_outbit_to_outsig;
+			bool any_shared_operands = false;
+
+			for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
+				if (!cell->type.in("$add", "$sub"))
+					continue;
+
+				for (auto &conn : cell->connections()) {
+					if (cell->output(conn.first)) {
+						auto outsig = assign_map(conn.second);
+						for (auto outbit : outsig)
+							op_outbit_to_outsig[outbit] = outsig;
+
+						outsig_to_operator[outsig] = cell;
+					} else {
+						auto op_insig = ExtSigSpec(cell, conn.first, &assign_map);
+						operand_to_users[op_insig].insert(cell);
+						if (operand_to_users[op_insig].size() > 1)
+							any_shared_operands = true;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (!any_shared_operands)
+				continue;
+
+			// Operator outputs need to be exclusively connected to the $mux inputs in order to be mergeable. Hence we count to
+			// how many points are operator output bits connected.
+			dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> op_outbit_user_cnt = find_op_outbit_user_cnt(module, op_outbit_to_outsig);
+			std::vector<shared_op_t> shared_ops;
+			for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
+				if (!cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_"))
+					continue;
+
+				auto porta = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				auto portb = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+
+				// Look through the bits of the $mux inputs and see which of them are connected to the operator
+				// results. Operator results can be concatenated with other signals before led to the $mux.
+				for (int i = 0; i < porta.size(); ++i) {
+					std::array<RTLIL::SigBit, 2> mux_inbits{porta[i], portb[i]};
+
+					// Are the results of an $add or $sub operators connected to both of this $mux inputs?
+					if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_inbits[0]) or !op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_inbits[1]))
+						continue;
+
+					std::vector<RTLIL::Cell *> operators;
+					for (const auto &b : mux_inbits)
+						operators.push_back(outsig_to_operator.at(op_outbit_to_outsig.at(b)));
+
+					// Do these operators share an operand?
+					auto shared_operand = find_shared_operand(operators, operand_to_users);
+					if (shared_operand.empty())
+						continue;
+
+					// Some bits of the operator results might be unconnected. Calculate the number of conneted
+					// bits.
+					int width;
+
+					if (find_op_res_width(i, width, porta, portb, op_outbit_to_outsig, op_outbit_user_cnt))
+						shared_ops.push_back(shared_op_t{cell, operators, i, width, shared_operand});
+
+					i += width - 1;
+				}
+			}
+
+			for (auto &shared : shared_ops) {
+				log("    Found arithmetic cells that share an operand and can be merged by moving the %s %s in front "
+				    "of "
+				    "them:\n",
+				    log_id(shared.mux->type), log_id(shared.mux));
+				for (auto op : shared.operators)
+					log("        %s\n", log_id(op));
+				log("\n");
+
+				merge_operators(module, shared.mux, shared.operators, shared.offset, shared.width, shared.shared_operand);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+} OptRmdffPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c32073360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+module add_sub(
+               input [15:0]  a,
+               input [15:0]  b,
+               input [15:0]  c,
+               input [15:0]  d,
+               input 				 sel,
+               output [63:0] res,
+               );
+
+  reg [31: 0] 							 cat1 = {a+b, c+d};
+  reg [31: 0] 							 cat2 = {a-b, c-d};
+
+  assign res = {b, sel ? cat1 : cat2, a};
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3f2f5a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_cat.v
+prep -flatten
+opt
+pmuxtree
+opt_share
+opt_clean
+
+select -assert-count 2 t:$sub
+select -assert-count 0 t:$add
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..807ed2978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+module add_sub(
+               input [15:0] 		 a,
+               input [15:0] 		 b,
+               input [15:0] 		 c,
+               input [1:0] 			 sel,
+               output reg [15:0] res
+               );
+
+
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = a + b;
+      1: res = a - b;
+      2: res = a + c;
+      default: res = 16'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94d6aa7d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_mux_tree.v
+prep -flatten
+opt
+pmuxtree
+opt_share;
+opt_share;
+opt_clean
+
+select -assert-count 1 t:$add
+select -assert-count 0 t:$sub

From 82a29720684dc8db452289321340bf6e78dcbd2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Shah <dave@ds0.me>
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2019 16:45:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 021/197] Update CHANGELOG

Signed-off-by: David Shah <dave@ds0.me>
---
 CHANGELOG | 111 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 101 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index b3a697562..afbcffa26 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -3,33 +3,124 @@ List of major changes and improvements between releases
 =======================================================
 
 
-Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
+Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.9
 --------------------------
 
  * Various
-    - Added $changed support to read_verilog
+    - Many bugfixes and small improvements
+    - Added support for SystemVerilog interfaces and modports
     - Added "write_edif -attrprop"
-    - Added "ice40_unlut" pass
     - Added "opt_lut" pass
-    - Added "synth_ice40 -relut"
-    - Added "synth_ice40 -noabc"
     - Added "gate2lut.v" techmap rule
     - Added "rename -src"
     - Added "equiv_opt" pass
-    - Added "shregmap -tech xilinx"
+    - Added "flowmap" LUT mapping pass
+    - Added "rename -wire" to rename cells based on the wires they drive
+    - Added "bugpoint" for creating minimised testcases
+    - Added "write_edif -gndvccy"
+    - "write_verilog" to escape Verilog keywords
+    - Fixed sign handling of real constants
+    - "write_verilog" to write initial statement for initial flop state
+    - Added pmgen pattern matcher generator
+    - Fixed opt_rmdff handling of $_DFFSR_???_ and $_DLATCHSR_???_
+    - Added "setundef -params" to replace undefined cell parameters
+    - Renamed "yosys -D" to "yosys -U", added "yosys -D" to set Verilog defines
+    - Fixed handling of defparam when default_nettype is none
+    - Fixed "wreduce" flipflop handling
+    - Fixed FIRRTL to Verilog process instance subfield assignment
+    - Added "write_verilog -siminit"
+    - Several fixes and improvements for mem2reg memories
+    - Fixed handling of task output ports in clocked always blocks
+    - Improved handling of and-with-1 and or-with-0 in "opt_expr"
     - Added "read_aiger" frontend
+    - Added "mutate" pass
+    - Added "hdlname" attribute
+    - Added "rename -output"
+    - Added "read_ilang -lib"
+    - Improved "proc" full_case detection and handling
+    - Added "whitebox" and "lib_whitebox" attributes
+    - Added "read_verilog -nowb", "flatten -wb" and "wbflip"
+    - Added Python bindings and support for Python plug-ins
+    - Added "pmux2shiftx"
+    - Added log_debug framework for reduced default verbosity
+    - Improved "opt_expr" and "opt_clean" handling of (partially) undriven and/or unused wires
+    - Added "peepopt" peephole optimisation pass using pmgen
+    - Added approximate support for SystemVerilog "var" keyword
+    - Added parsing of "specify" blocks into $specrule and $specify[23]
+    - Added support for attributes on parameters and localparams
+    - Added support for parsing attributes on port connections
+    - Added "wreduce -keepdc"
+    - Added support for optimising $dffe and $_DFFE_* cells in "opt_rmdff"
+    - Added Verilog wand/wor wire type support
+    - Added support for elaboration system tasks
     - Added "muxcover -mux{4,8,16}=<cost>"
     - Added "muxcover -dmux=<cost>"
     - Added "muxcover -nopartial"
     - Added "muxpack" pass
     - Added "pmux2shiftx -norange"
+    - Added support for "~" in filename parsing
+    - Added "read_verilog -pwires" feature to turn parameters into wires
+    - Fixed sign extension of unsized constants with 'bx and 'bz MSB
+    - Fixed genvar to be a signed type
+    - Added support for attributes on case rules
+    - Added "upto" and "offset" to JSON frontend and backend
+    - Several liberty file parser improvements
+    - Fixed handling of more complex BRAM patterns
+    - Add "write_aiger -I -O -B"
+
+ * Formal Verification
+    - Added $changed support to read_verilog
+    - Added "read_verilog -noassert -noassume -assert-assumes"
+    - Added btor ops for $mul, $div, $mod and $concat
+    - Added yosys-smtbmc support for btor witnesses
+    - Added "supercover" pass
+    - Fixed $global_clock handling vs autowire
+    - Added $dffsr support to "async2sync"
+    - Added "fmcombine" pass
+    - Added memory init support in "write_btor"
+    - Added "cutpoint" pass
+    - Changed "ne" to "neq" in btor2 output
+    - Added support for SVA "final" keyword
+    - Added "fmcombine -initeq -anyeq"
+    - Added timescale and generated-by header to yosys-smtbmc vcd output
+    - Improved BTOR2 handling of undriven wires
+
+ * Verific support
+    - Enabled Verific flags vhdl_support_variable_slice and veri_elaborate_top_level_modules_having_interface_ports
+    - Improved support for asymmetric memories
+    - Added "verific -chparam"
+    - Fixed "verific -extnets" for more complex situations
+    - Added "read -verific" and "read -noverific"
+    - Added "hierarchy -chparam"
+
+ * New back-ends
+    - Added initial Anlogic support
+    - Added initial SmartFusion2 and IGLOO2 support
+
+ * ECP5 support
+    - Added "synth_ecp5 -nowidelut"
+    - Added BRAM inference support to "synth_ecp5"
+    - Added support for transforming Diamond IO and flipflop primitives
+
+ * iCE40 support
+    - Added "ice40_unlut" pass
+    - Added "synth_ice40 -relut"
+    - Added "synth_ice40 -noabc"
+    - Added "synth_ice40 -dffe_min_ce_use"
+    - Added DSP inference support using pmgen
+    - Added support for initialising BRAM primitives from a file
+    - Added iCE40 Ultra RGB LED driver cells
+
+ * Xilinx support 
+    - Use "write_edif -pvector bra" for Xilinx EDIF files
+    - Fixes for VPR place and route support with "synth_xilinx"
+    - Added more cell simulation models
+    - Added "synth_xilinx -family"
+    - Added "stat -tech xilinx" to estimate logic cell usage
     - Added "synth_xilinx -nocarry"
     - Added "synth_xilinx -nowidelut"
-    - Added "synth_ecp5 -nowidelut"
     - "synth_xilinx" to now infer hard shift registers (-nosrl to disable)
-    - Fixed sign extension of unsized constants with 'bx and 'bz MSB
-    - Added support for attributes on case rules
-
+    - Added support for mapping RAM32X1D
 
 Yosys 0.7 .. Yosys 0.8
 ----------------------

From c075486c59155d16ed278922a3752366a95246ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bogdan Vukobratovic <bogdan.vukobratovic@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2019 16:03:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 022/197] Reimplement opt_share to work on $alu and $pmux

---
 passes/opt/opt_share.cc                       | 322 ++++++++++++------
 tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v                 |  10 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.ys                |  13 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v                     |   2 +-
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys                    |  18 +-
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v           |  22 ++
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.ys          |  13 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v        |  21 ++
 tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.ys       |  13 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v                  |  19 ++
 tests/opt/opt_share_extend.ys                 |  13 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v          |  22 ++
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.ys         |  13 +
 .../opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v  |  25 ++
 .../opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys |  15 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v    |  24 ++
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.ys   |  13 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v         |  22 ++
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.ys        |  13 +
 tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v                |   2 +-
 tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys               |  19 +-
 21 files changed, 521 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.ys
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.ys
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.ys
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_extend.ys
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.ys
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.ys
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
 create mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.ys

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
index 9f6f59b64..e9a2f05f9 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
@@ -31,12 +31,21 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 SigMap assign_map;
 
+struct InPort {
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
+	RTLIL::Cell *pmux;
+	int port_id;
+	RTLIL::Cell *alu;
+
+	InPort(RTLIL::SigSpec s, RTLIL::Cell *c, int p, RTLIL::Cell *a = NULL) : sig(s), pmux(c), port_id(p), alu(a) {}
+};
+
 // Helper class that to track whether a SigSpec is signed and whether it is
 // connected to the \\B port of the $sub cell, which makes its sign prefix
 // negative.
 struct ExtSigSpec {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
-	bool sign;
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sign;
 	bool is_signed;
 
 	ExtSigSpec() {}
@@ -45,7 +54,7 @@ struct ExtSigSpec {
 
 	ExtSigSpec(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name, SigMap *sigmap)
 	{
-		sign = (cell->type == "$sub") && (port_name == "\\B");
+		sign = (port_name == "\\B") ? cell->getPort("\\BI") : RTLIL::Const(0, 1);
 		sig = (*sigmap)(cell->getPort(port_name));
 
 		is_signed = false;
@@ -67,23 +76,22 @@ struct ExtSigSpec {
 		return is_signed < other.is_signed;
 	}
 
-	bool operator==(const RTLIL::SigSpec &other) const { return sign ? false : sig == other; }
+	bool operator==(const RTLIL::SigSpec &other) const { return (sign != RTLIL::Const(0, 1)) ? false : sig == other; }
 	bool operator==(const ExtSigSpec &other) const { return is_signed == other.is_signed && sign == other.sign && sig == other.sig; }
 };
 
-void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<RTLIL::Cell *> &operators, int offset, int width,
+void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<InPort> &ports, int offset, int width,
 		     const ExtSigSpec &operand)
 {
 
 	std::vector<ExtSigSpec> muxed_operands;
 	int max_width = 0;
-	for (auto op : operators) {
-		for (auto &conn : op->connections()) {
-			if (op->output(conn.first))
-				continue;
+	for (const auto& p : ports) {
+		auto op = p.alu;
 
-			if (conn.second != operand.sig) {
-				auto operand = ExtSigSpec(op, conn.first, &assign_map);
+		for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\A", "\\B"}) {
+			if (op->getPort(port_name) != operand.sig) {
+				auto operand = ExtSigSpec(op, port_name, &assign_map);
 				if (operand.sig.size() > max_width) {
 					max_width = operand.sig.size();
 				}
@@ -97,30 +105,61 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 		operand.sig.extend_u0(max_width, operand.is_signed);
 	}
 
-	auto shared_op = operators[0];
+	auto shared_op = ports[0].alu;
 
-	for (auto op : operators) {
+	for (const auto& p : ports) {
+		auto op = p.alu;
 		if (op == shared_op)
 			continue;
 		module->remove(op);
 	}
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_out = mux->getPort("\\Y");
-
-	if (muxed_operands[0].sign != muxed_operands[1].sign) {
-		muxed_operands[1] = ExtSigSpec(module->Neg(NEW_ID, muxed_operands[1].sig, muxed_operands[1].is_signed));
+	for (auto &muxed_op : muxed_operands) {
+		if (muxed_op.sign != muxed_operands[0].sign) {
+			muxed_op = ExtSigSpec(module->Neg(NEW_ID, muxed_op.sig, muxed_op.is_signed));
+		}
 	}
 
-	auto mux_to_oper = module->Mux(NEW_ID, muxed_operands[0].sig, muxed_operands[1].sig, mux->getPort("\\S"));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_y = mux->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_a = mux->getPort("\\A");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_b = mux->getPort("\\B");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_s = mux->getPort("\\S");
 
-	shared_op->setPort("\\Y", mux_out.extract(offset, width));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec alu_x = shared_op->getPort("\\X");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec alu_co = shared_op->getPort("\\CO");
+
+	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_a = RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::State::Sx, max_width);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_b;
+	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_s;
+
+	shared_op->setPort("\\Y", shared_op->getPort("\\Y").extract(0, width));
+
+	if (mux->type == "$pmux") {
+		shared_pmux_s = RTLIL::SigSpec();
+
+		for (const auto&p: ports) {
+			shared_pmux_s.append(mux_s[p.port_id]);
+			mux_b.replace(p.port_id * mux_a.size() + offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
+		}
+	} else {
+		shared_pmux_s = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux_s, module->Not(NEW_ID, mux_s)};
+		mux_a.replace(offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
+		mux_b.replace(offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
+	}
+
+	mux->setPort("\\Y", mux_y);
+	mux->setPort("\\S", mux_s);
+	mux->setPort("\\B", mux_b);
+
+	for (const auto &op : muxed_operands)
+		shared_pmux_b.append(op.sig);
+
+	auto mux_to_oper = module->Pmux(NEW_ID, shared_pmux_a, shared_pmux_b, shared_pmux_s);
+
+	shared_op->setPort("\\X", alu_x.extract(0, width));
+	shared_op->setPort("\\CO", alu_co.extract(0, width));
 	shared_op->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", width);
 
-	auto dummy = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
-
-	mux_out.replace(offset, dummy);
-	mux->setPort("\\Y", mux_out);
-
 	if (shared_op->getPort("\\A") == operand.sig) {
 		shared_op->setPort("\\B", mux_to_oper);
 		shared_op->setParam("\\B_WIDTH", max_width);
@@ -128,81 +167,132 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 		shared_op->setPort("\\A", mux_to_oper);
 		shared_op->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", max_width);
 	}
+
 }
 
 typedef struct {
 	RTLIL::Cell *mux;
-	std::vector<RTLIL::Cell *> operators;
+	std::vector<InPort> ports;
 	int offset;
 	int width;
 	ExtSigSpec shared_operand;
 } shared_op_t;
 
-bool find_op_res_width(int offset, int &width, RTLIL::SigSpec porta, RTLIL::SigSpec portb,
-		       const dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig, const dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> &op_outbit_user_cnt)
+
+template <typename T> void remove_val(std::vector<T> &v, const std::vector<T> &vals)
+{
+	auto val_iter = vals.rbegin();
+	for (auto i = v.rbegin(); i != v.rend(); ++i)
+		if ((val_iter != vals.rend()) && (*i == *val_iter)) {
+			v.erase(i.base() - 1);
+			++val_iter;
+		}
+}
+
+bool find_op_res_width(int offset, int &width, std::vector<InPort*>& ports, const dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig)
 {
 
-	std::array<RTLIL::SigSpec, 2> op_outsigs{op_outbit_to_outsig.at(porta[offset]), op_outbit_to_outsig.at(portb[offset])};
+	std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> op_outsigs;
+	dict<int, std::set<InPort*>> op_outsig_span;
+
+	std::transform(ports.begin(), ports.end(), std::back_inserter(op_outsigs), [&](InPort *p) { return op_outbit_to_outsig.at(p->sig[offset]); });
+
+	std::vector<bool> finished(ports.size(), false);
 
 	width = 0;
-	bool multi_user = false;
 
-	while (true) {
-		for (const auto &op_outsig : op_outsigs)
-			if (op_outbit_user_cnt.at(op_outsig[width]) > 1)
-				multi_user = true;
+	std::function<bool()> all_finished = [&] { return std::find(std::begin(finished), std::end(finished), false) == end(finished);};
 
+	while (!all_finished())
+	{
 		++offset;
 		++width;
 
-		if ((offset >= porta.size()) || (width >= op_outsigs[0].size()) || (width >= op_outsigs[1].size()))
-			break;
+		if (offset >= ports[0]->sig.size()) {
+			for (size_t i = 0; i < op_outsigs.size(); ++i) {
+				if (finished[i])
+					continue;
+
+				op_outsig_span[width].insert(ports[i]);
+				finished[i] = true;
+			}
 
-		if ((porta[offset] != op_outsigs[0][width]) || (portb[offset] != op_outsigs[1][width]))
 			break;
+		}
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < op_outsigs.size(); ++i) {
+			if (finished[i])
+				continue;
+
+			if ((width >= op_outsigs[i].size()) || (ports[i]->sig[offset] != op_outsigs[i][width])) {
+				op_outsig_span[width].insert(ports[i]);
+				finished[i] = true;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (multi_user)
-		return false;
+	for (auto w: op_outsig_span) {
+		if (w.second.size() > 1) {
+			width = w.first;
 
-	for (const auto &outsig : op_outsigs)
-		for (int i = width; i < outsig.size(); i++)
-			if (op_outbit_user_cnt.count(outsig[i]))
-				return false;
+			ports.erase(std::remove_if(ports.begin(), ports.end(), [&](InPort *p) { return !w.second.count(p); }), ports.end());
 
-	return true;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
 }
 
-ExtSigSpec find_shared_operand(const std::vector<RTLIL::Cell *> &operators, const std::map<ExtSigSpec, std::set<RTLIL::Cell *>> &operand_to_users)
+ExtSigSpec find_shared_operand(InPort* seed, std::vector<InPort *> &ports, const std::map<ExtSigSpec, std::set<RTLIL::Cell *>> &operand_to_users)
 {
+	std::set<RTLIL::Cell *> alus_using_operand;
+	std::set<RTLIL::Cell *> alus_set;
+	for(const auto& p: ports)
+		alus_set.insert(p->alu);
 
-	std::set<RTLIL::Cell *> operators_set(operators.begin(), operators.end());
 	ExtSigSpec oper;
 
-	auto op_a = operators[0];
-	for (auto &conn : op_a->connections()) {
-		if (op_a->output(conn.first))
+	auto op_a = seed->alu;
+
+	for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\A", "\\B"}) {
+		oper = ExtSigSpec(op_a, port_name, &assign_map);
+		auto operand_users = operand_to_users.at(oper);
+
+		if (operand_users.size() == 1)
 			continue;
 
-		oper = ExtSigSpec(op_a, conn.first, &assign_map);
-		auto bundle = operand_to_users.at(oper);
+		alus_using_operand.clear();
+		std::set_intersection(operand_users.begin(), operand_users.end(), alus_set.begin(), alus_set.end(),
+				      std::inserter(alus_using_operand, alus_using_operand.begin()));
 
-		if (std::includes(bundle.begin(), bundle.end(), operators_set.begin(), operators_set.end()))
-			break;
+		if (alus_using_operand.size() > 1) {
+			ports.erase(std::remove_if(ports.begin(), ports.end(), [&](InPort *p) { return !alus_using_operand.count(p->alu); }),
+				    ports.end());
+			return oper;
+		}
 	}
 
-	return oper;
+	return ExtSigSpec();
 }
 
-dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> find_op_outbit_user_cnt(RTLIL::Module *module, const dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig)
+void remove_multi_user_outbits(RTLIL::Module *module, dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig)
 {
 	dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> op_outbit_user_cnt;
 
 	std::function<void(SigSpec)> update_op_outbit_user_cnt = [&](SigSpec sig) {
 		auto outsig = assign_map(sig);
-		for (auto outbit : outsig)
-			if (op_outbit_to_outsig.count(outbit))
-				op_outbit_user_cnt[outbit]++;
+		for (auto outbit : outsig) {
+			if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(outbit))
+				continue;
+
+			if (++op_outbit_user_cnt[outbit] > 1) {
+				auto alu_outsig = op_outbit_to_outsig.at(outbit);
+
+				for (auto outbit : alu_outsig)
+					op_outbit_to_outsig.erase(outbit);
+			}
+		}
 	};
 
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
@@ -216,8 +306,6 @@ dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> find_op_outbit_user_cnt(RTLIL::Module *module, const di
 
 		update_op_outbit_user_cnt(w);
 	}
-
-	return op_outbit_user_cnt;
 }
 
 struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
@@ -246,24 +334,31 @@ struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
 			dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, RTLIL::Cell *> outsig_to_operator;
 			dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> op_outbit_to_outsig;
 			bool any_shared_operands = false;
+			std::vector<ExtSigSpec> op_insigs;
 
 			for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-				if (!cell->type.in("$add", "$sub"))
+				if (!cell->type.in("$alu"))
 					continue;
 
-				for (auto &conn : cell->connections()) {
-					if (cell->output(conn.first)) {
-						auto outsig = assign_map(conn.second);
-						for (auto outbit : outsig)
-							op_outbit_to_outsig[outbit] = outsig;
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_bi = cell->getPort("\\BI");
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort("\\CI");
 
-						outsig_to_operator[outsig] = cell;
-					} else {
-						auto op_insig = ExtSigSpec(cell, conn.first, &assign_map);
-						operand_to_users[op_insig].insert(cell);
-						if (operand_to_users[op_insig].size() > 1)
-							any_shared_operands = true;
-					}
+				if ((!sig_bi.is_fully_const()) || (!sig_ci.is_fully_const()) || (sig_bi != sig_ci))
+					continue;
+
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\A");
+
+				auto outsig = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+				outsig_to_operator[outsig] = cell;
+				for (auto outbit : outsig)
+					op_outbit_to_outsig[outbit] = outsig;
+
+				for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\A", "\\B"}) {
+					auto op_insig = ExtSigSpec(cell, port_name, &assign_map);
+					op_insigs.push_back(op_insig);
+					operand_to_users[op_insig].insert(cell);
+					if (operand_to_users[op_insig].size() > 1)
+						any_shared_operands = true;
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -272,42 +367,77 @@ struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
 
 			// Operator outputs need to be exclusively connected to the $mux inputs in order to be mergeable. Hence we count to
 			// how many points are operator output bits connected.
-			dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> op_outbit_user_cnt = find_op_outbit_user_cnt(module, op_outbit_to_outsig);
+			remove_multi_user_outbits(module, op_outbit_to_outsig);
+
 			std::vector<shared_op_t> shared_ops;
 			for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-				if (!cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_"))
+				if (!cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_", "$pmux"))
 					continue;
 
-				auto porta = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				auto portb = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort("\\S");
+
+				std::vector<InPort> ports;
+
+				if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_")) {
+					ports.push_back(InPort(assign_map(sig_a), cell, 0));
+					ports.push_back(InPort(assign_map(sig_b), cell, 1));
+				} else {
+					RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort("\\S");
+					for (int i = 0; i < sig_s.size(); i++) {
+						auto inp = sig_b.extract(i * sig_a.size(), sig_a.size());
+						ports.push_back(InPort(assign_map(inp), cell, i));
+					}
+				}
 
 				// Look through the bits of the $mux inputs and see which of them are connected to the operator
 				// results. Operator results can be concatenated with other signals before led to the $mux.
-				for (int i = 0; i < porta.size(); ++i) {
-					std::array<RTLIL::SigBit, 2> mux_inbits{porta[i], portb[i]};
+				for (int i = 0; i < sig_a.size(); ++i) {
+					std::vector<InPort*> alu_ports;
+					for (auto& p: ports)
+						if (op_outbit_to_outsig.count(p.sig[i])) {
+							p.alu = outsig_to_operator.at(op_outbit_to_outsig.at(p.sig[i]));
+							alu_ports.push_back(&p);
+						}
 
-					// Are the results of an $add or $sub operators connected to both of this $mux inputs?
-					if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_inbits[0]) or !op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_inbits[1]))
-						continue;
+					int alu_port_width = 0;
 
-					std::vector<RTLIL::Cell *> operators;
-					for (const auto &b : mux_inbits)
-						operators.push_back(outsig_to_operator.at(op_outbit_to_outsig.at(b)));
+					while (alu_ports.size() > 1) {
+						std::vector<InPort*> shared_ports(alu_ports);
 
-					// Do these operators share an operand?
-					auto shared_operand = find_shared_operand(operators, operand_to_users);
-					if (shared_operand.empty())
-						continue;
+						auto seed = alu_ports[0];
+						alu_ports.erase(alu_ports.begin());
 
-					// Some bits of the operator results might be unconnected. Calculate the number of conneted
-					// bits.
-					int width;
+						// Find ports whose $alu-s share an operand with $alu connected to the seed port
+						auto shared_operand = find_shared_operand(seed, shared_ports, operand_to_users);
 
-					if (find_op_res_width(i, width, porta, portb, op_outbit_to_outsig, op_outbit_user_cnt))
-						shared_ops.push_back(shared_op_t{cell, operators, i, width, shared_operand});
+						if (shared_operand.empty())
+							continue;
 
-					i += width - 1;
+						// Some bits of the operator results might be unconnected. Calculate the number of conneted
+						// bits.
+						if (!find_op_res_width(i, alu_port_width, shared_ports, op_outbit_to_outsig))
+							break;
+
+						if (shared_ports.size() < 2)
+							break;
+
+						// Remember the combination for the merger
+						std::vector<InPort> shared_p;
+						for (auto p: shared_ports)
+							shared_p.push_back(*p);
+
+						shared_ops.push_back(shared_op_t{cell, shared_p, i, alu_port_width, shared_operand});
+
+						// Remove merged ports from the list and try to find other mergers for the mux
+						remove_val(alu_ports, shared_ports);
+					}
+
+					if (alu_port_width)
+						i += alu_port_width - 1;
 				}
+
 			}
 
 			for (auto &shared : shared_ops) {
@@ -315,11 +445,11 @@ struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
 				    "of "
 				    "them:\n",
 				    log_id(shared.mux->type), log_id(shared.mux));
-				for (auto op : shared.operators)
-					log("        %s\n", log_id(op));
+				for (const auto& op : shared.ports)
+					log("        %s\n", log_id(op.alu));
 				log("\n");
 
-				merge_operators(module, shared.mux, shared.operators, shared.offset, shared.width, shared.shared_operand);
+				merge_operators(module, shared.mux, shared.ports, shared.offset, shared.width, shared.shared_operand);
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30e093a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+module opt_share_test(
+               input [15:0]  a,
+               input [15:0]  b,
+               input 				 sel,
+               output [15:0] res,
+               );
+
+  assign res = {sel ? a + b : a - b};
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a5406791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_add_sub.v
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
+
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 1 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
index c32073360..605dcfe59 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-module add_sub(
+module opt_share_test(
                input [15:0]  a,
                input [15:0]  b,
                input [15:0]  c,
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys
index c3f2f5a2f..7de69bfde 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.ys
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 read_verilog opt_share_cat.v
-prep -flatten
-opt
-pmuxtree
-opt_share
-opt_clean
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
 
-select -assert-count 2 t:$sub
-select -assert-count 0 t:$add
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 2 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ac0ceec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+module opt_share_test(
+               input [15:0] 		 a,
+               input [15:0] 		 b,
+               input [15:0] 		 c,
+               input [15:0] 		 d,
+               input 						 sel,
+               output reg [47:0] res,
+               );
+
+  wire [15:0] 									 add_res = a+b;
+  wire [15:0] 									 sub_res = a-b;
+  wire [31: 0] 									 cat1 = {add_res, c+d};
+  wire [31: 0] 									 cat2 = {sub_res, c-d};
+
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = {cat1, add_res};
+      1: res = {cat2, add_res};
+    endcase
+  end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a82fbd79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
+
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 3 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e2971e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+module opt_share_test(
+               input [15:0] 		 a,
+               input [15:0] 		 b,
+							 input [15:0] 		 c,
+							 input [1:0] 			 sel,
+							 output reg [15:0] res
+               );
+
+  wire [15:0] 							 add0_res = a+b;
+  wire [15:0] 							 add1_res = a+c;
+
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = add0_res[10:0];
+      1: res = add1_res[10:0];
+      2: res = a - b;
+      default: res = 32'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec5e9f7b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
+
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 2 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ed6bde6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+module opt_share_test(
+											input signed [7:0] 			 a,
+											input signed [10:0] 		 b,
+											input signed [15:0] 		 c,
+											input [1:0] 						 sel,
+											output reg signed [15:0] res
+											);
+
+
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = a + b;
+      1: res = a - b;
+      2: res = a + c;
+      default: res = 16'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c553ee0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_extend.v
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
+
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 1 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6208c796b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+module opt_share_test(
+											input [15:0] 			a,
+											input [15:0] 			b,
+											input [15:0] 			c,
+											input [2:0] 			sel,
+											output reg [31:0] res
+											);
+
+
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = {a + b, a};
+      1: res = {a - b, b};
+      2: res = {a + c, c};
+      3: res = {a - c, a};
+      4: res = {b, b};
+      5: res = {c, c};
+      default: res = 32'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4186ca52e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
+
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 1 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f97971bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+module opt_share_test(
+											input [15:0] 			a,
+											input [15:0] 			b,
+											input [15:0] 			c,
+											input [15:0] 			d,
+											input [2:0] 			sel,
+											output reg [31:0] res
+											);
+
+  wire [15:0] 													add0_res = a+d;
+
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = {add0_res, a};
+      1: res = {a - b, add0_res[7], 15'b0};
+      2: res = {b-a, b};
+      3: res = {d, b - c};
+      4: res = {d, b - a};
+      5: res = {c, d};
+      6: res = {a - c, b-d};
+      default: res = 32'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54d200dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
+
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+opt -full
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 4 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7ba318ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+module opt_share_test(
+											input [15:0] 			a,
+											input [15:0] 			b,
+											input [15:0] 			c,
+											input [15:0] 			d,
+											input [2:0] 			sel,
+											output reg [15:0] res
+											);
+
+
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = a + d;
+      1: res = a - b;
+      2: res = b;
+      3: res = b - c;
+      4: res = b - a;
+      5: res = c;
+      6: res = a - c;
+      default: res = 16'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11182df1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
+
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 2 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..138be0cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+module opt_share_test(
+											input [15:0] 			a,
+											input [15:0] 			b,
+											input [15:0] 			c,
+											input [2:0] 			sel,
+											output reg [15:0] res
+											);
+
+
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = a + b;
+      1: res = a - b;
+      2: res = a + c;
+      3: res = a - c;
+      4: res = b;
+      5: res = c;
+      default: res = 16'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b594a3d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+read_verilog opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
+
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 1 -module merged t:$alu
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
index 807ed2978..c90826204 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-module add_sub(
+module opt_share_test(
                input [15:0] 		 a,
                input [15:0] 		 b,
                input [15:0] 		 c,
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys
index 94d6aa7d2..58473039f 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.ys
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 read_verilog opt_share_mux_tree.v
-prep -flatten
-opt
-pmuxtree
-opt_share;
-opt_share;
-opt_clean
+proc;;
+copy opt_share_test merged
 
-select -assert-count 1 t:$add
-select -assert-count 0 t:$sub
+alumacc merged
+opt merged
+opt_share merged
+opt_clean merged
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
+sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter
+
+select -assert-count 1 -module merged t:$alu

From e9c5f1b3467d4566978dfb07c3b1fa91e94ef761 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2019 11:49:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 023/197] Fix formatting for msys2 mingw build using GetSize

---
 Makefile                                   |  2 ++
 misc/launcher.c                            |  3 ++-
 passes/opt/opt_lut.cc                      |  8 ++++----
 passes/opt/rmports.cc                      |  2 +-
 passes/techmap/flowmap.cc                  | 10 +++++-----
 techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc |  4 ++--
 techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_eqn.cc            |  4 ++--
 techlibs/gowin/determine_init.cc           |  4 ++--
 8 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index bbae8c159..d3b5b8fa6 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -861,9 +861,11 @@ config-mxe: clean
 
 config-msys2: clean
 	echo 'CONFIG := msys2' > Makefile.conf
+	echo 'ENABLE_PLUGINS := 0' >> Makefile.conf
 
 config-msys2-64: clean
 	echo 'CONFIG := msys2-64' > Makefile.conf
+	echo 'ENABLE_PLUGINS := 0' >> Makefile.conf
 
 config-cygwin: clean
 	echo 'CONFIG := cygwin' > Makefile.conf
diff --git a/misc/launcher.c b/misc/launcher.c
index 157d68cf3..e0d8208f1 100644
--- a/misc/launcher.c
+++ b/misc/launcher.c
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ SOFTWARE. */
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <tchar.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 int child_pid=0;
 
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ int run(int argc, char **argv, int is_gui) {
 
     if (is_gui) {
         /* Use exec, we don't need to wait for the GUI to finish */
-        execv(ptr, (const char * const *)(newargs));
+        execv(ptr, (char * const *)(newargs));
         return fail("Could not exec %s", ptr);   /* shouldn't get here! */
     }
 
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc b/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
index 26855fd70..dda10ec17 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 			}
 		}
 
-		log("Number of LUTs: %8zu\n", luts.size());
+		log("Number of LUTs: %8d\n", GetSize(luts));
 		for (int arity = 1; arity <= max_arity; arity++)
 		{
 			if (arity_counts[arity])
@@ -353,14 +353,14 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 
 					int lutM_arity = lutA_arity + lutB_arity - 1 - common_inputs.size();
 					if (lutA_dlogic_inputs.size())
-						log("  Cell A is a %d-LUT with %zu dedicated connections. ", lutA_arity, lutA_dlogic_inputs.size());
+						log("  Cell A is a %d-LUT with %d dedicated connections. ", lutA_arity, GetSize(lutA_dlogic_inputs));
 					else
 						log("  Cell A is a %d-LUT. ", lutA_arity);
 					if (lutB_dlogic_inputs.size())
-						log("Cell B is a %d-LUT with %zu dedicated connections.\n", lutB_arity, lutB_dlogic_inputs.size());
+						log("Cell B is a %d-LUT with %d dedicated connections.\n", lutB_arity, GetSize(lutB_dlogic_inputs));
 					else
 						log("Cell B is a %d-LUT.\n", lutB_arity);
-					log("  Cells share %zu input(s) and can be merged into one %d-LUT.\n", common_inputs.size(), lutM_arity);
+					log("  Cells share %d input(s) and can be merged into one %d-LUT.\n", GetSize(common_inputs), lutM_arity);
 
 					const int COMBINE_A = 1, COMBINE_B = 2, COMBINE_EITHER = COMBINE_A | COMBINE_B;
 					int combine_mask = 0;
diff --git a/passes/opt/rmports.cc b/passes/opt/rmports.cc
index fc1596ebf..32363dd68 100644
--- a/passes/opt/rmports.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/rmports.cc
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ struct RmportsPassPass : public Pass {
 			wire->port_output = false;
 			wire->port_id = 0;
 		}
-		log("Removed %zu unused ports.\n", unused_ports.size());
+		log("Removed %d unused ports.\n", GetSize(unused_ports));
 
 		// Re-number all of the wires that DO have ports still on them
 		for(size_t i=0; i<module->ports.size(); i++)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc b/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
index f5892a60e..96d0df5f8 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ struct FlowmapWorker
 		int depth = 0;
 		for (auto label : labels)
 			depth = max(depth, label.second);
-		log("Mapped to %zu LUTs with maximum depth %d.\n", lut_nodes.size(), depth);
+		log("Mapped to %d LUTs with maximum depth %d.\n", GetSize(lut_nodes), depth);
 
 		if (debug)
 		{
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ struct FlowmapWorker
 
 	bool relax_depth_for_bound(bool first, int depth_bound, dict<RTLIL::SigBit, pool<RTLIL::SigBit>> &lut_critical_outputs)
 	{
-		size_t initial_count = lut_nodes.size();
+		int initial_count = GetSize(lut_nodes);
 
 		for (auto node : lut_nodes)
 		{
@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ struct FlowmapWorker
 
 			if (potentials.empty())
 			{
-				log("  Relaxed to %zu (+%zu) LUTs.\n", lut_nodes.size(), lut_nodes.size() - initial_count);
+				log("  Relaxed to %d (+%d) LUTs.\n", GetSize(lut_nodes), GetSize(lut_nodes) - initial_count);
 				if (!first && break_num == 1)
 				{
 					log("  Design fully relaxed.\n");
@@ -1419,9 +1419,9 @@ struct FlowmapWorker
 			lut_area += lut_table.size();
 
 			if ((int)input_nodes.size() >= minlut)
-				log("  Packed into a %zu-LUT %s.%s.\n", input_nodes.size(), log_id(module), log_id(lut));
+				log("  Packed into a %d-LUT %s.%s.\n", GetSize(input_nodes), log_id(module), log_id(lut));
 			else
-				log("  Packed into a %zu-LUT %s.%s (implemented as %d-LUT).\n", input_nodes.size(), log_id(module), log_id(lut), minlut);
+				log("  Packed into a %d-LUT %s.%s (implemented as %d-LUT).\n", GetSize(input_nodes), log_id(module), log_id(lut), minlut);
 		}
 
 		for (auto node : mapped_nodes)
diff --git a/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc b/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc
index 34b1d4f8a..c4089dac2 100644
--- a/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc
+++ b/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ struct AnlogicDetermineInitPass : public Pass {
 
 		extra_args(args, args.size(), design);
 
-		size_t cnt = 0;
+		int cnt = 0;
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{
 			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct AnlogicDetermineInitPass : public Pass {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		log_header(design, "Updated %lu cells with determined init value.\n", cnt);
+		log_header(design, "Updated %d cells with determined init value.\n", cnt);
 	}
 } AnlogicDetermineInitPass;
 
diff --git a/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_eqn.cc b/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_eqn.cc
index 741bf04cc..070d39a20 100644
--- a/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_eqn.cc
+++ b/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_eqn.cc
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ struct AnlogicEqnPass : public Pass {
 
 		extra_args(args, args.size(), design);
 
-		size_t cnt = 0;
+		int cnt = 0;
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{
 			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ struct AnlogicEqnPass : public Pass {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		log_header(design, "Updated %lu of AL_MAP_LUT* elements with equation.\n", cnt);
+		log_header(design, "Updated %d of AL_MAP_LUT* elements with equation.\n", cnt);
 	}
 } AnlogicEqnPass;
 
diff --git a/techlibs/gowin/determine_init.cc b/techlibs/gowin/determine_init.cc
index 991e5245a..d9a0880f6 100644
--- a/techlibs/gowin/determine_init.cc
+++ b/techlibs/gowin/determine_init.cc
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ struct DetermineInitPass : public Pass {
 
 		extra_args(args, args.size(), design);
 
-		size_t cnt = 0;
+		int cnt = 0;
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{
 			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct DetermineInitPass : public Pass {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		log_header(design, "Updated %lu cells with determined init value.\n", cnt);
+		log_header(design, "Updated %d cells with determined init value.\n", cnt);
 	}
 } DetermineInitPass;
 

From bf59f31b4366e2e595821dc9b35f6082ff0d747c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2019 17:30:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 024/197] New mxe hacks needed to support 2ca237e

---
 kernel/yosys.h | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/kernel/yosys.h b/kernel/yosys.h
index c7b671724..730efe825 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.h
+++ b/kernel/yosys.h
@@ -87,6 +87,10 @@ extern int Tcl_EvalFile(Tcl_Interp *interp, const char *fileName);
 extern void Tcl_Finalize(void);
 extern int Tcl_GetCommandInfo(Tcl_Interp *interp, const char *cmdName, Tcl_CmdInfo *infoPtr);
 extern const char *Tcl_GetStringResult(Tcl_Interp *interp);
+extern Tcl_Obj *Tcl_NewStringObj(const char *bytes, int length);
+extern Tcl_Obj *Tcl_NewIntObj(int intValue);
+extern Tcl_Obj *Tcl_NewListObj(int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]);
+extern Tcl_Obj *Tcl_ObjSetVar2(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *part1Ptr, Tcl_Obj *part2Ptr, Tcl_Obj *newValuePtr, int flags);
 #  endif
 #endif
 

From ce0de937f4036e70b18afd765428288596fa0200 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2019 17:31:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 025/197] Fix yosys linking for mxe

---
 Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index d3b5b8fa6..579fff007 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG),mxe)
 CXXFLAGS += -DYOSYS_ENABLE_TCL
-LDLIBS += -ltcl86 -lwsock32 -lws2_32 -lnetapi32 -lz
+LDLIBS += -ltcl86 -lwsock32 -lws2_32 -lnetapi32 -lz -luserenv
 else
 CXXFLAGS += $(shell PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH) $(PKG_CONFIG) --silence-errors --cflags tcl || echo -I$(TCL_INCLUDE)) -DYOSYS_ENABLE_TCL
 ifeq ($(OS), FreeBSD)

From 2ec5a3ec9248e86bb24f29253f1610aeff431e7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2019 18:02:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 026/197] Fix linking issue for new mxe and pthread

---
 Makefile | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 579fff007..89155fae8 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -260,7 +260,8 @@ CXXFLAGS := $(filter-out -fPIC,$(CXXFLAGS))
 LDFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LDFLAGS)) -s
 LDLIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LDLIBS))
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DWIN32_NO_DLL -DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC -fpermissive -w"
-ABCMKARGS += LIBS="lib/x86/pthreadVC2.lib -s" ABC_USE_NO_READLINE=1 CC="/usr/local/src/mxe/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32.static-gcc"
+# TODO: Try to solve pthread linking issue in more appropriate way
+ABCMKARGS += LIBS="lib/x86/pthreadVC2.lib -s" LDFLAGS="-Wl,--allow-multiple-definition" ABC_USE_NO_READLINE=1 CC="/usr/local/src/mxe/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32.static-gcc"
 EXE = .exe
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),msys2)

From 2b4e50ac3dd33ddf978eb4994985727338c61dff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2019 09:10:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 027/197] Visual Studio build fix

---
 passes/techmap/abc.cc | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc.cc b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
index 5b19d84fb..bf05c68e7 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <cctype>
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <climits>

From 280c4e7794543e99244aafffc62a2dd4454bcb06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bogdan Vukobratovic <bogdan.vukobratovic@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2019 12:28:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 028/197] Fix spacing in opt_share tests, change wording in
 opt_share help

---
 passes/opt/opt_share.cc                       | 16 +++++---
 tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v                 | 12 +++---
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v                     | 20 +++++-----
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v           | 34 ++++++++--------
 tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v        | 32 +++++++--------
 tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v                  | 29 +++++++-------
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v          | 35 ++++++++--------
 .../opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v  | 40 +++++++++----------
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v    | 39 +++++++++---------
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v         | 35 ++++++++--------
 tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v                | 29 +++++++-------
 11 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 161 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
index e9a2f05f9..25b07cbbd 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
  *
  *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *                2019  Bogdan Vukobratovic <bogdan.vukobratovic@gmail.com>
  *
  *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
  *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
@@ -308,17 +309,20 @@ void remove_multi_user_outbits(RTLIL::Module *module, dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL:
 	}
 }
 
-struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
-	OptRmdffPass() : Pass("opt_share", "merge arithmetic operators that share an operand") {}
+struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
+	OptSharePass() : Pass("opt_share", "merge arithmetic operators that share an operand") {}
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
 	{
 		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
 		log("\n");
 		log("    opt_share [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("This pass identifies arithmetic operators that share an operand and whose\n");
-		log("results are used in mutually exclusive cases controlled by a multiplexer,\n");
-		log("and merges them together by multiplexing the other operands.\n");
+
+		log("This pass identifies mutually exclusive $alu arithmetic cells that:\n");
+		log("    (a) share an input operand\n");
+		log("    (b) drive the same $mux, $_MUX_, or $pmux multiplexing cell allowing\n");
+		log("        the $alu cell to be merged and the multiplexer to be moved from\n");
+		log("        multiplexing its output to multiplexing the non-shared input operands.\n");
 		log("\n");
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string>, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -454,6 +458,6 @@ struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
 		}
 	}
 
-} OptRmdffPass;
+} OptSharePass;
 
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
index 30e093a39..1c2665cf0 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-               input [15:0]  a,
-               input [15:0]  b,
-               input 				 sel,
-               output [15:0] res,
-               );
+	input [15:0] 	a,
+	input [15:0] 	b,
+	input 				sel,
+	output [15:0] res,
+	);
 
-  assign res = {sel ? a + b : a - b};
+	assign res = {sel ? a + b : a - b};
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
index 605dcfe59..7b6f626b9 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-               input [15:0]  a,
-               input [15:0]  b,
-               input [15:0]  c,
-               input [15:0]  d,
-               input 				 sel,
-               output [63:0] res,
-               );
+	input [15:0] 	a,
+	input [15:0] 	b,
+	input [15:0] 	c,
+	input [15:0] 	d,
+	input 				sel,
+	output [63:0] res,
+	);
 
-  reg [31: 0] 							 cat1 = {a+b, c+d};
-  reg [31: 0] 							 cat2 = {a-b, c-d};
+	reg [31: 0] 	cat1 = {a+b, c+d};
+	reg [31: 0] 	cat2 = {a-b, c-d};
 
-  assign res = {b, sel ? cat1 : cat2, a};
+	assign res = {b, sel ? cat1 : cat2, a};
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
index 9ac0ceec8..f77f912e9 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-               input [15:0] 		 a,
-               input [15:0] 		 b,
-               input [15:0] 		 c,
-               input [15:0] 		 d,
-               input 						 sel,
-               output reg [47:0] res,
-               );
+	input [15:0] 			a,
+	input [15:0] 			b,
+	input [15:0] 			c,
+	input [15:0] 			d,
+	input 						sel,
+	output reg [47:0] res,
+	);
 
-  wire [15:0] 									 add_res = a+b;
-  wire [15:0] 									 sub_res = a-b;
-  wire [31: 0] 									 cat1 = {add_res, c+d};
-  wire [31: 0] 									 cat2 = {sub_res, c-d};
+	wire [15:0] 			add_res = a+b;
+	wire [15:0] 			sub_res = a-b;
+	wire [31: 0] 			cat1 = {add_res, c+d};
+	wire [31: 0] 			cat2 = {sub_res, c-d};
 
-  always @* begin
-    case(sel)
-      0: res = {cat1, add_res};
-      1: res = {cat2, add_res};
-    endcase
-  end
+	always @* begin
+		case(sel)
+			0: res = {cat1, add_res};
+			1: res = {cat2, add_res};
+		endcase
+	end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
index 5e2971e30..e57ab7a83 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-               input [15:0] 		 a,
-               input [15:0] 		 b,
-							 input [15:0] 		 c,
-							 input [1:0] 			 sel,
-							 output reg [15:0] res
-               );
+	input [15:0]			 a,
+	input [15:0]			 b,
+	input [15:0]			 c,
+	input [1:0]			 sel,
+	output reg [15:0] res
+	);
 
-  wire [15:0] 							 add0_res = a+b;
-  wire [15:0] 							 add1_res = a+c;
+	wire [15:0] 			add0_res = a+b;
+	wire [15:0] 			add1_res = a+c;
 
-  always @* begin
-    case(sel)
-      0: res = add0_res[10:0];
-      1: res = add1_res[10:0];
-      2: res = a - b;
-      default: res = 32'bx;
-    endcase
-  end
+	always @* begin
+		case(sel)
+			0: res = add0_res[10:0];
+			1: res = add1_res[10:0];
+			2: res = a - b;
+			default: res = 32'bx;
+		endcase
+	end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
index 5ed6bde6f..60ce1a2f3 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-											input signed [7:0] 			 a,
-											input signed [10:0] 		 b,
-											input signed [15:0] 		 c,
-											input [1:0] 						 sel,
-											output reg signed [15:0] res
-											);
+	input signed [7:0]			 a,
+	input signed [10:0]			 b,
+	input signed [15:0]			 c,
+	input [1:0]							 sel,
+	output reg signed [15:0] res
+	);
 
-
-  always @* begin
-    case(sel)
-      0: res = a + b;
-      1: res = a - b;
-      2: res = a + c;
-      default: res = 16'bx;
-    endcase
-  end
+	always @* begin
+		case(sel)
+			0: res = a + b;
+			1: res = a - b;
+			2: res = a + c;
+			default: res = 16'bx;
+		endcase
+	end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
index 6208c796b..0667e6080 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-											input [15:0] 			a,
-											input [15:0] 			b,
-											input [15:0] 			c,
-											input [2:0] 			sel,
-											output reg [31:0] res
-											);
+	input [15:0]			a,
+	input [15:0]			b,
+	input [15:0]			c,
+	input [2:0]				sel,
+	output reg [31:0] res
+	);
 
-
-  always @* begin
-    case(sel)
-      0: res = {a + b, a};
-      1: res = {a - b, b};
-      2: res = {a + c, c};
-      3: res = {a - c, a};
-      4: res = {b, b};
-      5: res = {c, c};
-      default: res = 32'bx;
-    endcase
-  end
+	always @* begin
+		case(sel)
+			0: res = {a + b, a};
+			1: res = {a - b, b};
+			2: res = {a + c, c};
+			3: res = {a - c, a};
+			4: res = {b, b};
+			5: res = {c, c};
+			default: res = 32'bx;
+		endcase
+	end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
index f97971bf6..f26505d3a 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-											input [15:0] 			a,
-											input [15:0] 			b,
-											input [15:0] 			c,
-											input [15:0] 			d,
-											input [2:0] 			sel,
-											output reg [31:0] res
-											);
+	input [15:0]			a,
+	input [15:0]			b,
+	input [15:0]			c,
+	input [15:0]			d,
+	input [2:0]				sel,
+	output reg [31:0] res
+	);
 
-  wire [15:0] 													add0_res = a+d;
+	wire [15:0] 			add0_res = a+d;
 
-  always @* begin
-    case(sel)
-      0: res = {add0_res, a};
-      1: res = {a - b, add0_res[7], 15'b0};
-      2: res = {b-a, b};
-      3: res = {d, b - c};
-      4: res = {d, b - a};
-      5: res = {c, d};
-      6: res = {a - c, b-d};
-      default: res = 32'bx;
-    endcase
-  end
+	always @* begin
+		case(sel)
+			0: res = {add0_res, a};
+			1: res = {a - b, add0_res[7], 15'b0};
+			2: res = {b-a, b};
+			3: res = {d, b - c};
+			4: res = {d, b - a};
+			5: res = {c, d};
+			6: res = {a - c, b-d};
+			default: res = 32'bx;
+		endcase
+	end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
index e7ba318ef..1c460292f 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-											input [15:0] 			a,
-											input [15:0] 			b,
-											input [15:0] 			c,
-											input [15:0] 			d,
-											input [2:0] 			sel,
-											output reg [15:0] res
-											);
+	input [15:0]			a,
+	input [15:0]			b,
+	input [15:0]			c,
+	input [15:0]			d,
+	input [2:0]				sel,
+	output reg [15:0] res
+	);
 
-
-  always @* begin
-    case(sel)
-      0: res = a + d;
-      1: res = a - b;
-      2: res = b;
-      3: res = b - c;
-      4: res = b - a;
-      5: res = c;
-      6: res = a - c;
-      default: res = 16'bx;
-    endcase
-  end
+	always @* begin
+		case(sel)
+			0: res = a + d;
+			1: res = a - b;
+			2: res = b;
+			3: res = b - c;
+			4: res = b - a;
+			5: res = c;
+			6: res = a - c;
+			default: res = 16'bx;
+		endcase
+	end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
index 138be0cd6..f9dd17446 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-											input [15:0] 			a,
-											input [15:0] 			b,
-											input [15:0] 			c,
-											input [2:0] 			sel,
-											output reg [15:0] res
-											);
+	input [15:0]			a,
+	input [15:0]			b,
+	input [15:0]			c,
+	input [2:0]				sel,
+	output reg [15:0] res
+	);
 
-
-  always @* begin
-    case(sel)
-      0: res = a + b;
-      1: res = a - b;
-      2: res = a + c;
-      3: res = a - c;
-      4: res = b;
-      5: res = c;
-      default: res = 16'bx;
-    endcase
-  end
+	always @* begin
+		case(sel)
+			0: res = a + b;
+			1: res = a - b;
+			2: res = a + c;
+			3: res = a - c;
+			4: res = b;
+			5: res = c;
+			default: res = 16'bx;
+		endcase
+	end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
index c90826204..4a26afb46 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-               input [15:0] 		 a,
-               input [15:0] 		 b,
-               input [15:0] 		 c,
-               input [1:0] 			 sel,
-               output reg [15:0] res
-               );
+	input [15:0] 			a,
+	input [15:0] 			b,
+	input [15:0] 			c,
+	input [1:0] 			sel,
+	output reg [15:0] res
+	);
 
-
-  always @* begin
-    case(sel)
-      0: res = a + b;
-      1: res = a - b;
-      2: res = a + c;
-      default: res = 16'bx;
-    endcase
-  end
+	always @* begin
+		case(sel)
+			0: res = a + b;
+			1: res = a - b;
+			2: res = a + c;
+			default: res = 16'bx;
+		endcase
+	end
 
 endmodule

From d8be5ce6ba11ec78d0f7925d488fad09a3eaba2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bogdan Vukobratovic <bogdan.vukobratovic@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2019 12:35:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 029/197] Tabs to spaces in opt_share examples

---
 tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v                 | 12 +++---
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v                     | 20 +++++-----
 tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v           | 34 ++++++++--------
 tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v        | 32 +++++++--------
 tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v                  | 28 ++++++-------
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v          | 34 ++++++++--------
 .../opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v  | 40 +++++++++----------
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v    | 38 +++++++++---------
 tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v         | 34 ++++++++--------
 tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v                | 28 ++++++-------
 10 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
index 1c2665cf0..d918f27cc 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_add_sub.v
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0] 	a,
-	input [15:0] 	b,
-	input 				sel,
-	output [15:0] res,
-	);
+  input [15:0]  a,
+  input [15:0]  b,
+  input         sel,
+  output [15:0] res,
+  );
 
-	assign res = {sel ? a + b : a - b};
+  assign res = {sel ? a + b : a - b};
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
index 7b6f626b9..7fb97fef5 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat.v
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0] 	a,
-	input [15:0] 	b,
-	input [15:0] 	c,
-	input [15:0] 	d,
-	input 				sel,
-	output [63:0] res,
-	);
+  input [15:0]  a,
+  input [15:0]  b,
+  input [15:0]  c,
+  input [15:0]  d,
+  input         sel,
+  output [63:0] res,
+  );
 
-	reg [31: 0] 	cat1 = {a+b, c+d};
-	reg [31: 0] 	cat2 = {a-b, c-d};
+  reg [31: 0]   cat1 = {a+b, c+d};
+  reg [31: 0]   cat2 = {a-b, c-d};
 
-	assign res = {b, sel ? cat1 : cat2, a};
+  assign res = {b, sel ? cat1 : cat2, a};
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
index f77f912e9..b250689d9 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_cat_multiuser.v
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0] 			a,
-	input [15:0] 			b,
-	input [15:0] 			c,
-	input [15:0] 			d,
-	input 						sel,
-	output reg [47:0] res,
-	);
+  input [15:0]      a,
+  input [15:0]      b,
+  input [15:0]      c,
+  input [15:0]      d,
+  input             sel,
+  output reg [47:0] res,
+  );
 
-	wire [15:0] 			add_res = a+b;
-	wire [15:0] 			sub_res = a-b;
-	wire [31: 0] 			cat1 = {add_res, c+d};
-	wire [31: 0] 			cat2 = {sub_res, c-d};
+  wire [15:0]       add_res = a+b;
+  wire [15:0]       sub_res = a-b;
+  wire [31: 0]      cat1 = {add_res, c+d};
+  wire [31: 0]      cat2 = {sub_res, c-d};
 
-	always @* begin
-		case(sel)
-			0: res = {cat1, add_res};
-			1: res = {cat2, add_res};
-		endcase
-	end
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = {cat1, add_res};
+      1: res = {cat2, add_res};
+    endcase
+  end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
index e57ab7a83..1a37c80a6 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_diff_port_widths.v
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0]			 a,
-	input [15:0]			 b,
-	input [15:0]			 c,
-	input [1:0]			 sel,
-	output reg [15:0] res
-	);
+  input [15:0]       a,
+  input [15:0]       b,
+  input [15:0]       c,
+  input [1:0]      sel,
+  output reg [15:0] res
+  );
 
-	wire [15:0] 			add0_res = a+b;
-	wire [15:0] 			add1_res = a+c;
+  wire [15:0]       add0_res = a+b;
+  wire [15:0]       add1_res = a+c;
 
-	always @* begin
-		case(sel)
-			0: res = add0_res[10:0];
-			1: res = add1_res[10:0];
-			2: res = a - b;
-			default: res = 32'bx;
-		endcase
-	end
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = add0_res[10:0];
+      1: res = add1_res[10:0];
+      2: res = a - b;
+      default: res = 32'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
index 60ce1a2f3..d39f19069 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_extend.v
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input signed [7:0]			 a,
-	input signed [10:0]			 b,
-	input signed [15:0]			 c,
-	input [1:0]							 sel,
-	output reg signed [15:0] res
-	);
+  input signed [7:0]       a,
+  input signed [10:0]      b,
+  input signed [15:0]      c,
+  input [1:0]              sel,
+  output reg signed [15:0] res
+  );
 
-	always @* begin
-		case(sel)
-			0: res = a + b;
-			1: res = a - b;
-			2: res = a + c;
-			default: res = 16'bx;
-		endcase
-	end
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = a + b;
+      1: res = a - b;
+      2: res = a + c;
+      default: res = 16'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
index 0667e6080..416ba3766 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat.v
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0]			a,
-	input [15:0]			b,
-	input [15:0]			c,
-	input [2:0]				sel,
-	output reg [31:0] res
-	);
+  input [15:0]      a,
+  input [15:0]      b,
+  input [15:0]      c,
+  input [2:0]       sel,
+  output reg [31:0] res
+  );
 
-	always @* begin
-		case(sel)
-			0: res = {a + b, a};
-			1: res = {a - b, b};
-			2: res = {a + c, c};
-			3: res = {a - c, a};
-			4: res = {b, b};
-			5: res = {c, c};
-			default: res = 32'bx;
-		endcase
-	end
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = {a + b, a};
+      1: res = {a - b, b};
+      2: res = {a + c, c};
+      3: res = {a - c, a};
+      4: res = {b, b};
+      5: res = {c, c};
+      default: res = 32'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
index f26505d3a..34d2bd9a8 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.v
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0]			a,
-	input [15:0]			b,
-	input [15:0]			c,
-	input [15:0]			d,
-	input [2:0]				sel,
-	output reg [31:0] res
-	);
+  input [15:0]      a,
+  input [15:0]      b,
+  input [15:0]      c,
+  input [15:0]      d,
+  input [2:0]       sel,
+  output reg [31:0] res
+  );
 
-	wire [15:0] 			add0_res = a+d;
+  wire [15:0]       add0_res = a+d;
 
-	always @* begin
-		case(sel)
-			0: res = {add0_res, a};
-			1: res = {a - b, add0_res[7], 15'b0};
-			2: res = {b-a, b};
-			3: res = {d, b - c};
-			4: res = {d, b - a};
-			5: res = {c, d};
-			6: res = {a - c, b-d};
-			default: res = 32'bx;
-		endcase
-	end
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = {add0_res, a};
+      1: res = {a - b, add0_res[7], 15'b0};
+      2: res = {b-a, b};
+      3: res = {d, b - c};
+      4: res = {d, b - a};
+      5: res = {c, d};
+      6: res = {a - c, b-d};
+      default: res = 32'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
index 1c460292f..535adf96f 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_multipart.v
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0]			a,
-	input [15:0]			b,
-	input [15:0]			c,
-	input [15:0]			d,
-	input [2:0]				sel,
-	output reg [15:0] res
-	);
+  input [15:0]      a,
+  input [15:0]      b,
+  input [15:0]      c,
+  input [15:0]      d,
+  input [2:0]       sel,
+  output reg [15:0] res
+  );
 
-	always @* begin
-		case(sel)
-			0: res = a + d;
-			1: res = a - b;
-			2: res = b;
-			3: res = b - c;
-			4: res = b - a;
-			5: res = c;
-			6: res = a - c;
-			default: res = 16'bx;
-		endcase
-	end
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = a + d;
+      1: res = a - b;
+      2: res = b;
+      3: res = b - c;
+      4: res = b - a;
+      5: res = c;
+      6: res = a - c;
+      default: res = 16'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
index f9dd17446..a9008fb5a 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_part.v
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0]			a,
-	input [15:0]			b,
-	input [15:0]			c,
-	input [2:0]				sel,
-	output reg [15:0] res
-	);
+  input [15:0]      a,
+  input [15:0]      b,
+  input [15:0]      c,
+  input [2:0]       sel,
+  output reg [15:0] res
+  );
 
-	always @* begin
-		case(sel)
-			0: res = a + b;
-			1: res = a - b;
-			2: res = a + c;
-			3: res = a - c;
-			4: res = b;
-			5: res = c;
-			default: res = 16'bx;
-		endcase
-	end
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = a + b;
+      1: res = a - b;
+      2: res = a + c;
+      3: res = a - c;
+      4: res = b;
+      5: res = c;
+      default: res = 16'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
index 4a26afb46..cc5ae4eb9 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_mux_tree.v
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 module opt_share_test(
-	input [15:0] 			a,
-	input [15:0] 			b,
-	input [15:0] 			c,
-	input [1:0] 			sel,
-	output reg [15:0] res
-	);
+  input [15:0]      a,
+  input [15:0]      b,
+  input [15:0]      c,
+  input [1:0]       sel,
+  output reg [15:0] res
+  );
 
-	always @* begin
-		case(sel)
-			0: res = a + b;
-			1: res = a - b;
-			2: res = a + c;
-			default: res = 16'bx;
-		endcase
-	end
+  always @* begin
+    case(sel)
+      0: res = a + b;
+      1: res = a - b;
+      2: res = a + c;
+      default: res = 16'bx;
+    endcase
+  end
 
 endmodule

From ab98f604fd1319e0f42b0c5dc8bb6be5d3d2ba38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2019 12:29:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 030/197] Initial EFINIX support

---
 techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc    |   6 +
 techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v     |  78 ++++++++++++
 techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v     |  45 +++++++
 techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v     |  36 ++++++
 techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc | 205 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 370 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f3394c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+OBJS += techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.o
+
+$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v))
+$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v))
+$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v))
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae955663c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2018  Miodrag Milanovic <miodrag@symbioticeda.com>
+ *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+(* techmap_celltype = "$alu" *)
+module _80_efinix_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
+	parameter A_SIGNED = 0;
+	parameter B_SIGNED = 0;
+	parameter A_WIDTH  = 1;
+	parameter B_WIDTH  = 1;
+	parameter Y_WIDTH  = 1;
+
+	input [A_WIDTH-1:0] A;
+	input [B_WIDTH-1:0] B;
+	output [Y_WIDTH-1:0] X, Y;
+
+	input CI, BI;
+	output CO;
+
+	wire _TECHMAP_FAIL_ = Y_WIDTH <= 2;
+
+	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] A_buf, B_buf;
+	\$pos #(.A_SIGNED(A_SIGNED), .A_WIDTH(A_WIDTH), .Y_WIDTH(Y_WIDTH)) A_conv (.A(A), .Y(A_buf));
+	\$pos #(.A_SIGNED(B_SIGNED), .A_WIDTH(B_WIDTH), .Y_WIDTH(Y_WIDTH)) B_conv (.A(B), .Y(B_buf));
+
+	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] AA = A_buf;
+	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] BB = BI ? ~B_buf : B_buf;
+	wire [Y_WIDTH+1:0] COx;
+	wire [Y_WIDTH+2:0] C = {COx, CI};
+
+   EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))
+   adder_cin  (
+        .I0(C[0]),
+        .I1(1'b1),
+        .CI(1'b0),
+        .CO(COx[0])
+	);
+
+	genvar i;
+	generate for (i = 0; i < Y_WIDTH; i = i + 1) begin: slice
+      EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))
+      adder_i (
+            .I0(AA[i]),
+            .I1(BB[i]),
+            .CI(C[i+1]),
+            .O(Y[i]),
+            .CO(COx[i+1])
+        );
+	  end: slice
+	endgenerate
+
+   EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))				
+   adder_cout  (
+      .I0(1'b0),
+      .I1(1'b0),
+      .CI(C[Y_WIDTH+1]),
+      .O(COx[Y_WIDTH+1])
+   );
+   assign CO = COx[Y_WIDTH+1];
+	/* End implementation */
+	assign X = AA ^ BB;
+endmodule
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70c19635e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+module  \$_DFF_N_ (input D, C, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(1'b0), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_P_ (input D, C, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(1'b0), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+
+module  \$_DFFE_NN_ (input D, C, E, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b0), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(E), .CLK(C), .SR(1'b0), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFFE_NP_ (input D, C, E, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(E), .CLK(C), .SR(1'b0), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+
+module  \$_DFFE_PN_ (input D, C, E, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b0), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(E), .CLK(C), .SR(1'b0), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFFE_PP_ (input D, C, E, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(E), .CLK(C), .SR(1'b0), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+
+module  \$_DFF_NN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_NN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+
+module  \$_DFF_NP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_NP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+
+`ifndef NO_LUT
+module \$lut (A, Y);
+  parameter WIDTH = 0;
+  parameter LUT = 0;
+
+  input [WIDTH-1:0] A;
+  output Y;
+
+  generate
+    if (WIDTH == 1) begin
+      EFX_LUT4 #(.LUTMASK(LUT)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.O(Y), .I0(A[0]), .I1(1'b0), .I2(1'b0), .I3(1'b0));
+    end else
+    if (WIDTH == 2) begin
+      EFX_LUT4 #(.LUTMASK(LUT)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.O(Y), .I0(A[0]), .I1(A[1]), .I2(1'b0), .I3(1'b0));
+    end else
+    if (WIDTH == 3) begin
+      EFX_LUT4 #(.LUTMASK(LUT)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.O(Y), .I0(A[0]), .I1(A[1]), .I2(A[2]), .I3(1'b0));
+    end else
+    if (WIDTH == 4) begin
+      EFX_LUT4 #(.LUTMASK(LUT)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.O(Y), .I0(A[0]), .I1(A[1]), .I2(A[2]), .I3(A[3]));
+    end else begin
+      wire _TECHMAP_FAIL_ = 1;
+    end
+  endgenerate
+endmodule
+`endif
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aaff955a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+module EFX_LUT4(
+   output O, 
+   input I0,
+   input I1,
+   input I2,
+   input I3
+);
+   parameter LUTMASK  = 16'h0000;
+endmodule
+
+module EFX_ADD(
+   output O,
+   output CO,
+   input I0,
+   input I1,
+   input CI
+);
+   parameter I0_POLARITY   = 1;
+   parameter I1_POLARITY   = 1;
+endmodule
+
+module EFX_FF(
+   output Q,
+   input D,
+   input CE,
+   input CLK,
+   input SR
+);
+   parameter CLK_POLARITY = 1;
+   parameter CE_POLARITY = 1;
+   parameter SR_POLARITY = 1;
+   parameter SR_SYNC = 0;
+   parameter SR_VALUE = 0;
+   parameter SR_SYNC_PRIORITY = 0;
+   parameter D_POLARITY = 1;
+endmodule
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c644d363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2019  Miodrag Milanovic <miodrag@symbioticeda.com>
+ *  Copyright (C) 2019  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/register.h"
+#include "kernel/celltypes.h"
+#include "kernel/rtlil.h"
+#include "kernel/log.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+struct SynthEfinixPass : public ScriptPass
+{
+	SynthEfinixPass() : ScriptPass("synth_efinix", "synthesis for Efinix FPGAs") { }
+
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    synth_efinix [options]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("This command runs synthesis for Efinix FPGAs.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -top <module>\n");
+		log("        use the specified module as top module\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -edif <file>\n");
+		log("        write the design to the specified EDIF file. writing of an output file\n");
+		log("        is omitted if this parameter is not specified.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -json <file>\n");
+		log("        write the design to the specified JSON file. writing of an output file\n");
+		log("        is omitted if this parameter is not specified.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -run <from_label>:<to_label>\n");
+		log("        only run the commands between the labels (see below). an empty\n");
+		log("        from label is synonymous to 'begin', and empty to label is\n");
+		log("        synonymous to the end of the command list.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -noflatten\n");
+		log("        do not flatten design before synthesis\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -retime\n");
+		log("        run 'abc' with -dff option\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("The following commands are executed by this synthesis command:\n");
+		help_script();
+		log("\n");
+	}
+
+	string top_opt, edif_file, json_file;
+	bool flatten, retime;
+
+	void clear_flags() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		top_opt = "-auto-top";
+		edif_file = "";
+		json_file = "";
+		flatten = true;
+		retime = false;
+	}
+
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		string run_from, run_to;
+		clear_flags();
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			if (args[argidx] == "-top" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
+				top_opt = "-top " + args[++argidx];
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-edif" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
+				edif_file = args[++argidx];
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-json" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
+				json_file = args[++argidx];
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-run" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
+				size_t pos = args[argidx+1].find(':');
+				if (pos == std::string::npos)
+					break;
+				run_from = args[++argidx].substr(0, pos);
+				run_to = args[argidx].substr(pos+1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-noflatten") {
+				flatten = false;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-retime") {
+				retime = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		if (!design->full_selection())
+			log_cmd_error("This command only operates on fully selected designs!\n");
+
+		log_header(design, "Executing SYNTH_EFINIX pass.\n");
+		log_push();
+
+		run_script(design, run_from, run_to);
+
+		log_pop();
+	}
+
+	void script() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		if (check_label("begin"))
+		{
+			run("read_verilog -lib +/efinix/cells_sim.v");
+			run(stringf("hierarchy -check %s", help_mode ? "-top <top>" : top_opt.c_str()));
+		}
+
+		if (flatten && check_label("flatten", "(unless -noflatten)"))
+		{
+			run("proc");
+			run("flatten");
+			run("tribuf -logic");
+			run("deminout");
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("coarse"))
+		{
+			run("synth -run coarse");
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("fine"))
+		{
+			run("opt -fast -mux_undef -undriven -fine");
+			run("memory_map");
+			run("opt -undriven -fine");
+			run("techmap -map +/techmap.v -map +/efinix/arith_map.v");
+			if (retime || help_mode)
+				run("abc -dff", "(only if -retime)");
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("map_ffs"))
+		{
+			run("dffsr2dff");
+			run("techmap -D NO_LUT -map +/efinix/cells_map.v");
+			run("dffinit -strinit SET RESET -ff AL_MAP_SEQ q REGSET -noreinit");
+			run("opt_expr -mux_undef");
+			run("simplemap");
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("map_luts"))
+		{
+			run("abc -lut 4");
+			run("clean");
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("map_cells"))
+		{
+			run("techmap -map +/efinix/cells_map.v");
+			run("clean");
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("check"))
+		{
+			run("hierarchy -check");
+			run("stat");
+			run("check -noinit");
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("edif"))
+		{
+			if (!edif_file.empty() || help_mode)
+				run(stringf("write_edif %s", help_mode ? "<file-name>" : edif_file.c_str()));
+		}
+
+		if (check_label("json"))
+		{
+			if (!json_file.empty() || help_mode)
+				run(stringf("write_json %s", help_mode ? "<file-name>" : json_file.c_str()));
+		}
+	}
+} SynthEfinixPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END

From 6e210f26fa97fa65c420534f0ec0e26eeb1b078a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2019 14:40:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 031/197] Custom step to add global clock buffers

---
 techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc    |   1 +
 techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v     |  10 ++-
 techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc  | 113 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc |   6 ++
 4 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
index 3f3394c96..82dfa3cd8 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.o
+OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.o
 
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v))
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
index aaff955a2..2cbf8ae4b 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
@@ -33,4 +33,12 @@ module EFX_FF(
    parameter SR_VALUE = 0;
    parameter SR_SYNC_PRIORITY = 0;
    parameter D_POLARITY = 1;
-endmodule
\ No newline at end of file
+endmodule
+
+module EFX_GBUFCE (
+   input CE,
+   input I,
+   output O
+);
+   parameter CE_POLARITY = 1'b1;
+endmodule
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50f84c30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2019  Miodrag Milanovic <miodrag@symbioticeda.com>
+ *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+static void handle_gbufs(Module *module)
+{
+	SigMap sigmap(module);
+
+	pool<SigBit> clk_bits;
+	dict<SigBit, SigBit> rewrite_bits;
+	vector<pair<Cell*, SigBit>> pad_bits;
+
+	for (auto cell : module->cells())
+	{
+		if (cell->type == "\\EFX_FF") {
+			for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\CLK")))
+				clk_bits.insert(bit);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (auto wire : vector<Wire*>(module->wires()))
+	{
+		if (!wire->port_input)
+			continue;
+
+		for (int index = 0; index < GetSize(wire); index++)
+		{
+			SigBit bit(wire, index);
+			SigBit canonical_bit = sigmap(bit);
+
+			if (!clk_bits.count(canonical_bit))
+				continue;
+
+			Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "\\EFX_GBUFCE");
+			SigBit new_bit = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+			c->setParam("\\CE_POLARITY", State::S1);
+			c->setPort("\\O", new_bit);
+			c->setPort("\\CE", State::S1);
+			pad_bits.push_back(make_pair(c, bit));
+			rewrite_bits[canonical_bit] = new_bit;
+
+			log("Added %s cell %s for port bit %s.\n", log_id(c->type), log_id(c), log_signal(bit));
+		}
+	}
+
+	auto rewrite_function = [&](SigSpec &s) {
+		for (auto &bit : s) {
+			SigBit canonical_bit = sigmap(bit);
+			if (rewrite_bits.count(canonical_bit))
+				bit = rewrite_bits.at(canonical_bit);
+		}
+	};
+
+	module->rewrite_sigspecs(rewrite_function);
+
+	for (auto &it : pad_bits)
+		it.first->setPort("\\I", it.second);
+}
+
+struct EfinixGbufPass : public Pass {
+	EfinixGbufPass() : Pass("efinix_gbuf", "Efinix: insert global clock buffers") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    efinix_gbuf [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Add Efinix global clock buffers to top module as needed.\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing efinix_gbuf pass (insert global clock buffers).\n");
+		
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		Module *module = design->top_module();
+
+		if (module == nullptr)
+			log_cmd_error("No top module found.\n");
+
+		handle_gbufs(module);		
+	}
+} EfinixGbufPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
index 9c644d363..3f17bafa3 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
@@ -181,6 +181,12 @@ struct SynthEfinixPass : public ScriptPass
 			run("clean");
 		}
 
+		if (check_label("map_gbuf"))
+		{
+			run("efinix_gbuf");
+			run("clean");
+		}
+		
 		if (check_label("check"))
 		{
 			run("hierarchy -check");

From cf96f41c6d9c405ddc039a8d0629731924b774ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2019 11:46:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 032/197] Added bram support

---
 techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc             |  3 +
 techlibs/efinix/bram.txt                 | 32 +++++++++
 techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v              | 65 +++++++++++++++++
 techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v              | 65 ++++++++++++++++-
 techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc | 89 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc          |  7 ++
 6 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/bram.txt
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
index 82dfa3cd8..d0593baec 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.o
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.o
+OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.o
 
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v))
+$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v))
+$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/bram.txt))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/bram.txt b/techlibs/efinix/bram.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b3fd9308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/bram.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+bram $__EFINIX_5K
+  init 1
+
+  abits 8  @a8d16
+  dbits 16 @a8d16
+  abits 9  @a9d8
+  dbits 8  @a9d8
+  abits 10 @a10d4
+  dbits 4  @a10d4
+  abits 11 @a11d2
+  dbits 2  @a11d2
+  abits 12 @a12d1
+  dbits 1  @a12d1
+  abits 8  @a8d20
+  dbits 20 @a8d20
+  abits 9  @a9d10
+  dbits 10 @a9d10
+
+  groups 2
+  ports 1 1
+  wrmode 1 0
+  enable 1 1
+  transp 0 2
+  clocks 2 3
+  clkpol 2 3
+endbram
+
+match $__EFINIX_5K
+  min bits 256
+  min efficiency 5
+  shuffle_enable B
+endmatch
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ef01d026
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+module \$__EFINIX_5K (CLK2, CLK3, A1ADDR, A1DATA, A1EN, B1ADDR, B1DATA, B1EN);
+	parameter CFG_ABITS = 8;
+	parameter CFG_DBITS = 20;
+	parameter CFG_ENABLE_A = 2;
+
+	parameter CLKPOL2 = 1;
+	parameter CLKPOL3 = 1;
+	parameter [5119:0] INIT = 5119'bx;
+	parameter TRANSP2 = 0;
+
+	input CLK2;
+	input CLK3;
+
+	input [CFG_ABITS-1:0] A1ADDR;
+	input [CFG_DBITS-1:0] A1DATA;
+	input [CFG_ENABLE_A-1:0] A1EN;
+
+	input [CFG_ABITS-1:0] B1ADDR;
+	output [CFG_DBITS-1:0] B1DATA;
+	input B1EN;
+
+	localparam WRITEMODE_A = TRANSP2 ? "WRITE_FIRST" : "READ_FIRST";
+
+	EFX_RAM_5K #(
+   		.READ_WIDTH(20),
+   		.WRITE_WIDTH(20),
+   		.OUTPUT_REG(1'b0),
+   		.RCLK_POLARITY(1'b1),
+   		.RE_POLARITY(1'b1),
+   		.WCLK_POLARITY(1'b1),
+   		.WE_POLARITY(1'b1),
+   		.WCLKE_POLARITY(1'b1),
+   		.WRITE_MODE(WRITEMODE_A),
+		.INIT_0(INIT[ 0*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_1(INIT[ 1*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_2(INIT[ 2*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_3(INIT[ 3*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_4(INIT[ 4*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_5(INIT[ 5*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_6(INIT[ 6*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_7(INIT[ 7*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_8(INIT[ 8*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_9(INIT[ 9*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_A(INIT[10*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_B(INIT[11*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_C(INIT[12*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_D(INIT[13*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_E(INIT[14*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_F(INIT[15*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_10(INIT[16*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_11(INIT[17*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_12(INIT[18*256 +: 256]),
+		.INIT_13(INIT[19*256 +: 256])
+	) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (
+   		.WDATA(A1DATA),
+   		.WADDR(A1ADDR),
+   		.WE(A1EN),
+   		.WCLK(CLK2),
+   		.WCLKE(1'b1),
+   		.RDATA(B1DATA),
+   		.RADDR(B1ADDR),
+   		.RE(B1EN),
+   		.RCLK(CLK3)
+	);
+endmodule
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
index 2cbf8ae4b..8c8f6afaa 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v
@@ -35,10 +35,73 @@ module EFX_FF(
    parameter D_POLARITY = 1;
 endmodule
 
-module EFX_GBUFCE (
+module EFX_GBUFCE(
    input CE,
    input I,
    output O
 );
    parameter CE_POLARITY = 1'b1;
 endmodule
+
+module EFX_RAM_5K(
+   input [WRITE_WIDTH-1:0] WDATA,
+   input [WRITE_ADDR_WIDTH-1:0] WADDR,
+   input WE, 
+   input WCLK,
+   input WCLKE, 
+   output [READ_WIDTH-1:0] RDATA, 
+   input [READ_ADDR_WIDTH-1:0] RADDR,
+   input RE, 
+   input RCLK
+);
+   parameter READ_WIDTH = 20;
+   parameter WRITE_WIDTH = 20;
+   parameter OUTPUT_REG = 1'b0;
+   parameter RCLK_POLARITY  = 1'b1;
+   parameter RE_POLARITY    = 1'b1;
+   parameter WCLK_POLARITY  = 1'b1;
+   parameter WE_POLARITY    = 1'b1;
+   parameter WCLKE_POLARITY = 1'b1;
+   parameter WRITE_MODE = "READ_FIRST";
+   parameter INIT_0 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_1 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_2 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_3 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_4 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_5 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_6 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_7 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_8 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_9 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_A = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_B = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_C = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_D = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_E = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_F = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_10 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_11 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_12 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+   parameter INIT_13 = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
+
+   localparam READ_ADDR_WIDTH = 
+			    (READ_WIDTH == 16) ? 8 :  // 256x16
+			    (READ_WIDTH == 8)  ? 9 :  // 512x8
+			    (READ_WIDTH == 4)  ? 10 : // 1024x4
+			    (READ_WIDTH == 2)  ? 11 : // 2048x2
+			    (READ_WIDTH == 1)  ? 12 : // 4096x1
+			    (READ_WIDTH == 20) ? 8 :  // 256x20
+			    (READ_WIDTH == 10) ? 9 :  // 512x10
+			    (READ_WIDTH == 5)  ? 10 : -1; // 1024x5
+   
+   localparam WRITE_ADDR_WIDTH = 
+			    (WRITE_WIDTH == 16) ? 8 :  // 256x16
+			    (WRITE_WIDTH == 8)  ? 9 :  // 512x8
+			    (WRITE_WIDTH == 4)  ? 10 : // 1024x4
+			    (WRITE_WIDTH == 2)  ? 11 : // 2048x2
+			    (WRITE_WIDTH == 1)  ? 12 : // 4096x1
+			    (WRITE_WIDTH == 20) ? 8 :  // 256x20
+			    (WRITE_WIDTH == 10) ? 9 :  // 512x10
+			    (WRITE_WIDTH == 5)  ? 10 : -1; // 1024x5
+   
+endmodule
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54da703ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2018 Icenowy Zheng <icenowy@aosc.io>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+struct EfinixDetermineInitPass : public Pass {
+	EfinixDetermineInitPass() : Pass("efinix_determine_init", "Efinix: Determine the init value of cells") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log("\n");
+		log("    efinix_determine_init [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Determine the init value of cells that doesn't allow unknown init value.\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+
+	Const determine_init(Const init)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(init); i++) {
+			if (init[i] != State::S0 && init[i] != State::S1)
+				init[i] = State::S0;
+		}
+
+		return init;
+	}
+
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing EFINIX_DETERMINE_INIT pass (determine init value for cells).\n");
+
+		extra_args(args, args.size(), design);
+
+		int cnt = 0;
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+		{
+			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
+			{
+				if (cell->type == "\\EFX_RAM_5K")
+				{
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_0", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_0")));					
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_1", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_1")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_2", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_2")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_3", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_3")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_4", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_4")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_5", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_5")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_6", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_6")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_7", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_7")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_8", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_8")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_9", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_9")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_A", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_A")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_B", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_B")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_C", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_C")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_D", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_D")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_E", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_E")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_F", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_F")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_10", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_10")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_11", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_11")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_12", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_12")));
+					cell->setParam("\\INIT_13", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_13")));
+
+					cnt++;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		log_header(design, "Updated %d cells with determined init value.\n", cnt);
+	}
+} EfinixDetermineInitPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
index 3f17bafa3..000a17310 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
@@ -150,6 +150,13 @@ struct SynthEfinixPass : public ScriptPass
 			run("synth -run coarse");
 		}
 
+		if (check_label("map_bram", "(skip if -nobram)"))
+		{
+			run("memory_bram -rules +/efinix/bram.txt");
+			run("techmap -map +/efinix/brams_map.v");
+			run("efinix_determine_init");
+		}
+
 		if (check_label("fine"))
 		{
 			run("opt -fast -mux_undef -undriven -fine");

From 8a3329871ba7bab98982a101327b8375cd73344d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2019 12:17:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 033/197] clock for ram trough gbuf

---
 techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc
index 50f84c30c..e75fb3f4d 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.cc
@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ static void handle_gbufs(Module *module)
 			for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\CLK")))
 				clk_bits.insert(bit);
 		}
+		if (cell->type == "\\EFX_RAM_5K") {
+			for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\RCLK")))
+				clk_bits.insert(bit);
+			for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\WCLK")))
+				clk_bits.insert(bit);
+		}
 	}
 
 	for (auto wire : vector<Wire*>(module->wires()))

From 6a796accc09bc2c8ef98c068185de13d3e01890a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bogdan Vukobratovic <bogdan.vukobratovic@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2019 19:06:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 034/197] Support various binary operators in opt_share

---
 Makefile                    |   1 +
 passes/opt/opt_share.cc     | 610 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 tests/opt_share/.gitignore  |   1 +
 tests/opt_share/generate.py |  86 +++++
 tests/opt_share/run-test.sh |  39 +++
 5 files changed, 531 insertions(+), 206 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/opt_share/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 tests/opt_share/generate.py
 create mode 100755 tests/opt_share/run-test.sh

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 3bc119800..d06c7ab3d 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -678,6 +678,7 @@ test: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 	+cd tests/asicworld && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	# +cd tests/realmath && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/share && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
+	+cd tests/opt_share && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/fsm && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/techmap && bash run-test.sh
 	+cd tests/memories && bash run-test.sh $(ABCOPT) $(SEEDOPT)
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
index 25b07cbbd..e8f44749a 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
@@ -32,37 +32,36 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 SigMap assign_map;
 
-struct InPort {
+struct OpMuxConn {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
-	RTLIL::Cell *pmux;
-	int port_id;
-	RTLIL::Cell *alu;
+	RTLIL::Cell *mux;
+	RTLIL::Cell *op;
+	int mux_port_id;
+	int mux_port_offset;
+	int op_outsig_offset;
 
-	InPort(RTLIL::SigSpec s, RTLIL::Cell *c, int p, RTLIL::Cell *a = NULL) : sig(s), pmux(c), port_id(p), alu(a) {}
+	bool operator<(const OpMuxConn &other) const
+	{
+		if (mux != other.mux)
+			return mux < other.mux;
+
+		if (mux_port_id != other.mux_port_id)
+			return mux_port_id < other.mux_port_id;
+
+		return mux_port_offset < other.mux_port_offset;
+	}
 };
 
-// Helper class that to track whether a SigSpec is signed and whether it is
-// connected to the \\B port of the $sub cell, which makes its sign prefix
-// negative.
+// Helper class to track additiona information about a SigSpec, like whether it is signed and the semantics of the port it is connected to
 struct ExtSigSpec {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sign;
 	bool is_signed;
+	RTLIL::IdString semantics;
 
 	ExtSigSpec() {}
 
-	ExtSigSpec(RTLIL::SigSpec s, bool sign = false, bool is_signed = false) : sig(s), sign(sign), is_signed(is_signed) {}
-
-	ExtSigSpec(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name, SigMap *sigmap)
-	{
-		sign = (port_name == "\\B") ? cell->getPort("\\BI") : RTLIL::Const(0, 1);
-		sig = (*sigmap)(cell->getPort(port_name));
-
-		is_signed = false;
-		if (cell->hasParam(port_name.str() + "_SIGNED")) {
-			is_signed = cell->getParam(port_name.str() + "_SIGNED").as_bool();
-		}
-	}
+	ExtSigSpec(RTLIL::SigSpec s, RTLIL::SigSpec sign = RTLIL::Const(0, 1), bool is_signed = false, RTLIL::IdString semantics = RTLIL::IdString()) : sig(s), sign(sign), is_signed(is_signed), semantics(semantics) {}
 
 	bool empty() const { return sig.empty(); }
 
@@ -74,42 +73,136 @@ struct ExtSigSpec {
 		if (sign != other.sign)
 			return sign < other.sign;
 
-		return is_signed < other.is_signed;
+		if (is_signed != other.is_signed)
+			return is_signed < other.is_signed;
+
+		return semantics < other.semantics;
 	}
 
 	bool operator==(const RTLIL::SigSpec &other) const { return (sign != RTLIL::Const(0, 1)) ? false : sig == other; }
-	bool operator==(const ExtSigSpec &other) const { return is_signed == other.is_signed && sign == other.sign && sig == other.sig; }
+	bool operator==(const ExtSigSpec &other) const { return is_signed == other.is_signed && sign == other.sign && sig == other.sig && semantics == other.semantics; }
 };
 
-void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<InPort> &ports, int offset, int width,
-		     const ExtSigSpec &operand)
+#define BITWISE_OPS "$_AND_", "$_NAND_", "$_OR_", "$_NOR_", "$_XOR_", "$_XNOR_", "$_ANDNOT_", "$_ORNOT_", "$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor"
+
+#define REDUCTION_OPS "$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$reduce_bool", "$reduce_nand"
+
+#define LOGICAL_OPS "$logic_and", "$logic_or"
+
+#define SHIFT_OPS "$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx"
+
+#define RELATIONAL_OPS "$lt", "$le", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", "$ge", "$gt"
+
+bool cell_supported(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
+{
+
+	if (cell->type.in("$alu")) {
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_bi = cell->getPort("\\BI");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort("\\CI");
+
+		if (sig_bi.is_fully_const() && sig_ci.is_fully_const() && sig_bi == sig_ci)
+			return true;
+	} else if (cell->type.in(LOGICAL_OPS, SHIFT_OPS, BITWISE_OPS, RELATIONAL_OPS, "$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod", "$concat")) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+std::map<std::string, std::string> mergeable_type_map{
+  {"$sub", "$add"},
+};
+
+bool mergeable(RTLIL::Cell *a, RTLIL::Cell *b)
+{
+	auto a_type = a->type;
+	if (mergeable_type_map.count(a_type.str()))
+		a_type = mergeable_type_map.at(a_type.str());
+
+	auto b_type = b->type;
+	if (mergeable_type_map.count(b_type.str()))
+		b_type = mergeable_type_map.at(b_type.str());
+
+	return a_type == b_type;
+}
+
+RTLIL::IdString decode_port_semantics(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name)
+{
+	if (cell->type.in("$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt", "$div", "$mod", "$concat", SHIFT_OPS) && port_name == "\\B")
+		return port_name;
+
+	return "";
+}
+
+RTLIL::SigSpec decode_port_sign(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name) {
+
+	if (cell->type == "$alu" && port_name == "\\B")
+		return cell->getPort("\\BI");
+	else if	(cell->type == "$sub" && port_name == "\\B")
+		return RTLIL::Const(1, 1);
+
+	return RTLIL::Const(0, 1);
+}
+
+bool decode_port_signed(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name)
+{
+	if (cell->type.in(BITWISE_OPS, LOGICAL_OPS))
+		return false;
+
+	if (cell->hasParam(port_name.str() + "_SIGNED"))
+		return cell->getParam(port_name.str() + "_SIGNED").as_bool();
+
+	return false;
+
+}
+
+ExtSigSpec decode_port(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name, SigMap *sigmap)
+{
+	auto sig = (*sigmap)(cell->getPort(port_name));
+
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sign = decode_port_sign(cell, port_name);
+	RTLIL::IdString semantics = decode_port_semantics(cell, port_name);
+
+	bool is_signed = decode_port_signed(cell, port_name);
+
+	return ExtSigSpec(sig, sign, is_signed, semantics);
+}
+
+void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<OpMuxConn> &ports, const ExtSigSpec &operand)
 {
 
 	std::vector<ExtSigSpec> muxed_operands;
 	int max_width = 0;
 	for (const auto& p : ports) {
-		auto op = p.alu;
+		auto op = p.op;
 
-		for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\A", "\\B"}) {
-			if (op->getPort(port_name) != operand.sig) {
-				auto operand = ExtSigSpec(op, port_name, &assign_map);
-				if (operand.sig.size() > max_width) {
-					max_width = operand.sig.size();
-				}
-
-				muxed_operands.push_back(operand);
-			}
+		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = "\\A";
+		if (op->getPort("\\A") == operand.sig) {
+			muxed_port_name = "\\B";
 		}
+
+		auto operand = decode_port(op, muxed_port_name, &assign_map);
+		if (operand.sig.size() > max_width) {
+			max_width = operand.sig.size();
+		}
+
+		muxed_operands.push_back(operand);
 	}
 
+	auto shared_op = ports[0].op;
+
+	if (std::any_of(muxed_operands.begin(), muxed_operands.end(), [&](ExtSigSpec &op) { return op.sign != muxed_operands[0].sign; }))
+		if (max_width < shared_op->getParam("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int())
+			max_width = shared_op->getParam("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
+
+
 	for (auto &operand : muxed_operands) {
 		operand.sig.extend_u0(max_width, operand.is_signed);
 	}
 
-	auto shared_op = ports[0].alu;
 
 	for (const auto& p : ports) {
-		auto op = p.alu;
+		auto op = p.op;
 		if (op == shared_op)
 			continue;
 		module->remove(op);
@@ -126,40 +219,47 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_b = mux->getPort("\\B");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_s = mux->getPort("\\S");
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec alu_x = shared_op->getPort("\\X");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec alu_co = shared_op->getPort("\\CO");
-
 	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_a = RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::State::Sx, max_width);
 	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_b;
 	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_s;
 
-	shared_op->setPort("\\Y", shared_op->getPort("\\Y").extract(0, width));
+	int conn_width = ports[0].sig.size();
+	int conn_offset = ports[0].mux_port_offset;
+
+	shared_op->setPort("\\Y", shared_op->getPort("\\Y").extract(0, conn_width));
 
 	if (mux->type == "$pmux") {
 		shared_pmux_s = RTLIL::SigSpec();
 
-		for (const auto&p: ports) {
-			shared_pmux_s.append(mux_s[p.port_id]);
-			mux_b.replace(p.port_id * mux_a.size() + offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
+		for (const auto &p : ports) {
+			shared_pmux_s.append(mux_s[p.mux_port_id]);
+			mux_b.replace(p.mux_port_id * mux_a.size() + conn_offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
 		}
 	} else {
 		shared_pmux_s = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux_s, module->Not(NEW_ID, mux_s)};
-		mux_a.replace(offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
-		mux_b.replace(offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
+		mux_a.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
+		mux_b.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
 	}
 
+	mux->setPort("\\A", mux_a);
+	mux->setPort("\\B", mux_b);
 	mux->setPort("\\Y", mux_y);
 	mux->setPort("\\S", mux_s);
-	mux->setPort("\\B", mux_b);
 
 	for (const auto &op : muxed_operands)
 		shared_pmux_b.append(op.sig);
 
 	auto mux_to_oper = module->Pmux(NEW_ID, shared_pmux_a, shared_pmux_b, shared_pmux_s);
 
-	shared_op->setPort("\\X", alu_x.extract(0, width));
-	shared_op->setPort("\\CO", alu_co.extract(0, width));
-	shared_op->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", width);
+	if (shared_op->type.in("$alu")) {
+		RTLIL::SigSpec alu_x = shared_op->getPort("\\X");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec alu_co = shared_op->getPort("\\CO");
+
+		shared_op->setPort("\\X", alu_x.extract(0, conn_width));
+		shared_op->setPort("\\CO", alu_co.extract(0, conn_width));
+	}
+
+	shared_op->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", conn_width);
 
 	if (shared_op->getPort("\\A") == operand.sig) {
 		shared_op->setPort("\\B", mux_to_oper);
@@ -173,11 +273,9 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 
 typedef struct {
 	RTLIL::Cell *mux;
-	std::vector<InPort> ports;
-	int offset;
-	int width;
+	std::vector<OpMuxConn> ports;
 	ExtSigSpec shared_operand;
-} shared_op_t;
+} merged_op_t;
 
 
 template <typename T> void remove_val(std::vector<T> &v, const std::vector<T> &vals)
@@ -190,86 +288,60 @@ template <typename T> void remove_val(std::vector<T> &v, const std::vector<T> &v
 		}
 }
 
-bool find_op_res_width(int offset, int &width, std::vector<InPort*>& ports, const dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig)
+void check_muxed_operands(std::vector<const OpMuxConn *> &ports, const ExtSigSpec &shared_operand)
 {
 
-	std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> op_outsigs;
-	dict<int, std::set<InPort*>> op_outsig_span;
+	auto it = ports.begin();
+	ExtSigSpec seed;
 
-	std::transform(ports.begin(), ports.end(), std::back_inserter(op_outsigs), [&](InPort *p) { return op_outbit_to_outsig.at(p->sig[offset]); });
+	while (it != ports.end()) {
+		auto p = *it;
+		auto op = p->op;
 
-	std::vector<bool> finished(ports.size(), false);
-
-	width = 0;
-
-	std::function<bool()> all_finished = [&] { return std::find(std::begin(finished), std::end(finished), false) == end(finished);};
-
-	while (!all_finished())
-	{
-		++offset;
-		++width;
-
-		if (offset >= ports[0]->sig.size()) {
-			for (size_t i = 0; i < op_outsigs.size(); ++i) {
-				if (finished[i])
-					continue;
-
-				op_outsig_span[width].insert(ports[i]);
-				finished[i] = true;
-			}
-
-			break;
+		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = "\\A";
+		if (op->getPort("\\A") == shared_operand.sig) {
+			muxed_port_name = "\\B";
 		}
 
-		for (size_t i = 0; i < op_outsigs.size(); ++i) {
-			if (finished[i])
-				continue;
+		auto operand = decode_port(op, muxed_port_name, &assign_map);
 
-			if ((width >= op_outsigs[i].size()) || (ports[i]->sig[offset] != op_outsigs[i][width])) {
-				op_outsig_span[width].insert(ports[i]);
-				finished[i] = true;
-			}
+		if (seed.empty())
+			seed = operand;
+
+		if (operand.is_signed != seed.is_signed) {
+			ports.erase(it);
+		} else {
+			++it;
 		}
 	}
-
-	for (auto w: op_outsig_span) {
-		if (w.second.size() > 1) {
-			width = w.first;
-
-			ports.erase(std::remove_if(ports.begin(), ports.end(), [&](InPort *p) { return !w.second.count(p); }), ports.end());
-
-			return true;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false;
 }
 
-ExtSigSpec find_shared_operand(InPort* seed, std::vector<InPort *> &ports, const std::map<ExtSigSpec, std::set<RTLIL::Cell *>> &operand_to_users)
+ExtSigSpec find_shared_operand(const OpMuxConn* seed, std::vector<const OpMuxConn *> &ports, const std::map<ExtSigSpec, std::set<RTLIL::Cell *>> &operand_to_users)
 {
-	std::set<RTLIL::Cell *> alus_using_operand;
-	std::set<RTLIL::Cell *> alus_set;
+	std::set<RTLIL::Cell *> ops_using_operand;
+	std::set<RTLIL::Cell *> ops_set;
 	for(const auto& p: ports)
-		alus_set.insert(p->alu);
+		ops_set.insert(p->op);
 
 	ExtSigSpec oper;
 
-	auto op_a = seed->alu;
+	auto op_a = seed->op;
 
 	for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\A", "\\B"}) {
-		oper = ExtSigSpec(op_a, port_name, &assign_map);
+		oper = decode_port(op_a, port_name, &assign_map);
 		auto operand_users = operand_to_users.at(oper);
 
 		if (operand_users.size() == 1)
 			continue;
 
-		alus_using_operand.clear();
-		std::set_intersection(operand_users.begin(), operand_users.end(), alus_set.begin(), alus_set.end(),
-				      std::inserter(alus_using_operand, alus_using_operand.begin()));
+		ops_using_operand.clear();
+		for (auto mux_ops: ops_set)
+			if (operand_users.count(mux_ops))
+				ops_using_operand.insert(mux_ops);
 
-		if (alus_using_operand.size() > 1) {
-			ports.erase(std::remove_if(ports.begin(), ports.end(), [&](InPort *p) { return !alus_using_operand.count(p->alu); }),
-				    ports.end());
+		if (ops_using_operand.size() > 1) {
+			ports.erase(std::remove_if(ports.begin(), ports.end(), [&](const OpMuxConn *p) { return !ops_using_operand.count(p->op); }),
+						ports.end());
 			return oper;
 		}
 	}
@@ -277,40 +349,135 @@ ExtSigSpec find_shared_operand(InPort* seed, std::vector<InPort *> &ports, const
 	return ExtSigSpec();
 }
 
-void remove_multi_user_outbits(RTLIL::Module *module, dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig)
+dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, OpMuxConn> find_valid_op_mux_conns(RTLIL::Module *module, dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_outbit_to_outsig,
+							dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, RTLIL::Cell *> outsig_to_operator,
+							dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> &op_aux_to_outsig)
 {
-	dict<RTLIL::SigBit, int> op_outbit_user_cnt;
+	dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, int> op_outsig_user_track;
+	dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, OpMuxConn> op_mux_conn_map;
+
+	std::function<void(RTLIL::SigSpec)> remove_outsig = [&](RTLIL::SigSpec outsig) {
+		for (auto op_outbit : outsig)
+			op_outbit_to_outsig.erase(op_outbit);
+
+		if (op_mux_conn_map.count(outsig))
+			op_mux_conn_map.erase(outsig);
+	};
+
+	std::function<void(RTLIL::SigBit)> remove_outsig_from_aux_bit = [&](RTLIL::SigBit auxbit) {
+		auto aux_outsig = op_aux_to_outsig.at(auxbit);
+		auto op = outsig_to_operator.at(aux_outsig);
+		auto op_outsig = assign_map(op->getPort("\\Y"));
+		remove_outsig(op_outsig);
+
+		for (auto aux_outbit : aux_outsig)
+			op_aux_to_outsig.erase(aux_outbit);
+	};
+
+	std::function<void(RTLIL::Cell *)>
+	  find_op_mux_conns = [&](RTLIL::Cell *mux) {
+		  RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
+		  int mux_port_size;
+
+		  if (mux->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_")) {
+			  mux_port_size = mux->getPort("\\A").size();
+			  sig = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux->getPort("\\B"), mux->getPort("\\A")};
+		  } else {
+			  mux_port_size = mux->getPort("\\A").size();
+			  sig = mux->getPort("\\B");
+		  }
+
+		  auto mux_insig = assign_map(sig);
+
+		  for (int i = 0; i < mux_insig.size(); ++i) {
+			  if (op_aux_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i])) {
+				  remove_outsig_from_aux_bit(mux_insig[i]);
+				  continue;
+			  }
+
+			  if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i]))
+				  continue;
+
+			  auto op_outsig = op_outbit_to_outsig.at(mux_insig[i]);
+
+			  if (op_mux_conn_map.count(op_outsig)) {
+					remove_outsig(op_outsig);
+				  continue;
+			  }
+
+			  int mux_port_id = i / mux_port_size;
+			  int mux_port_offset = i % mux_port_size;
+
+			  int op_outsig_offset;
+			  for (op_outsig_offset = 0; op_outsig[op_outsig_offset] != mux_insig[i]; ++op_outsig_offset)
+				  ;
+
+			  int j = op_outsig_offset;
+			  do {
+				  if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i]))
+					  break;
+
+				  if (op_outbit_to_outsig.at(mux_insig[i]) != op_outsig)
+					  break;
+
+				  ++i;
+				  ++j;
+			  } while ((i / mux_port_size == mux_port_id) && (j < op_outsig.size()));
+
+			  int op_conn_width = j - op_outsig_offset;
+			  OpMuxConn inp = {
+			    op_outsig.extract(op_outsig_offset, op_conn_width),
+			    mux,
+			    outsig_to_operator.at(op_outsig),
+			    mux_port_id,
+			    mux_port_offset,
+			    op_outsig_offset,
+			  };
+
+			  op_mux_conn_map[op_outsig] = inp;
+
+			  --i;
+		  }
+	  };
+
+	std::function<void(RTLIL::SigSpec)> remove_connected_ops = [&](RTLIL::SigSpec sig) {
+		auto mux_insig = assign_map(sig);
+		for (auto outbit : mux_insig) {
+			if (op_aux_to_outsig.count(outbit)) {
+				remove_outsig_from_aux_bit(outbit);
+				continue;
+			}
 
-	std::function<void(SigSpec)> update_op_outbit_user_cnt = [&](SigSpec sig) {
-		auto outsig = assign_map(sig);
-		for (auto outbit : outsig) {
 			if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(outbit))
 				continue;
 
-			if (++op_outbit_user_cnt[outbit] > 1) {
-				auto alu_outsig = op_outbit_to_outsig.at(outbit);
-
-				for (auto outbit : alu_outsig)
-					op_outbit_to_outsig.erase(outbit);
-			}
+			remove_outsig(op_outbit_to_outsig.at(outbit));
 		}
 	};
 
-	for (auto cell : module->cells())
-		for (auto &conn : cell->connections())
-			if (cell->input(conn.first))
-				update_op_outbit_user_cnt(conn.second);
+	for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
+		if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_", "$pmux")) {
+			remove_connected_ops(cell->getPort("\\S"));
+			find_op_mux_conns(cell);
+		} else {
+			for (auto &conn : cell->connections())
+				if (cell->input(conn.first))
+					remove_connected_ops(conn.second);
+		}
+	}
 
 	for (auto w : module->wires()) {
 		if (!w->port_output)
 			continue;
 
-		update_op_outbit_user_cnt(w);
+		remove_connected_ops(w);
 	}
+
+	return op_mux_conn_map;
 }
 
 struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
-	OptSharePass() : Pass("opt_share", "merge arithmetic operators that share an operand") {}
+	OptSharePass() : Pass("opt_share", "merge mutually exclusive cells of the same type that share an input signal") {}
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
 	{
 		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
@@ -318,18 +485,19 @@ struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
 		log("    opt_share [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
 
-		log("This pass identifies mutually exclusive $alu arithmetic cells that:\n");
-		log("    (a) share an input operand\n");
+		log("This pass identifies mutually exclusive cells of the same type that:\n");
+		log("    (a) share an input signal\n");
 		log("    (b) drive the same $mux, $_MUX_, or $pmux multiplexing cell allowing\n");
-		log("        the $alu cell to be merged and the multiplexer to be moved from\n");
-		log("        multiplexing its output to multiplexing the non-shared input operands.\n");
+		log("        the cell to be merged and the multiplexer to be moved from\n");
+		log("        multiplexing its output to multiplexing the non-shared input signals.\n");
 		log("\n");
 	}
-	void execute(std::vector<std::string>, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
 	{
 
 		log_header(design, "Executing OPT_SHARE pass.\n");
 
+		extra_args(args, 1, design);
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
 			assign_map.clear();
 			assign_map.set(module);
@@ -337,28 +505,30 @@ struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
 			std::map<ExtSigSpec, std::set<RTLIL::Cell *>> operand_to_users;
 			dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, RTLIL::Cell *> outsig_to_operator;
 			dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> op_outbit_to_outsig;
+			dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigSpec> op_aux_to_outsig;
 			bool any_shared_operands = false;
 			std::vector<ExtSigSpec> op_insigs;
 
 			for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-				if (!cell->type.in("$alu"))
+				if (!cell_supported(cell))
 					continue;
 
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_bi = cell->getPort("\\BI");
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort("\\CI");
+				if (cell->type == "$alu") {
+					for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\X", "\\CO"}) {
+						auto mux_insig = assign_map(cell->getPort(port_name));
+						outsig_to_operator[mux_insig] = cell;
+						for (auto outbit : mux_insig)
+							op_aux_to_outsig[outbit] = mux_insig;
+					}
+				}
 
-				if ((!sig_bi.is_fully_const()) || (!sig_ci.is_fully_const()) || (sig_bi != sig_ci))
-					continue;
-
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\A");
-
-				auto outsig = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
-				outsig_to_operator[outsig] = cell;
-				for (auto outbit : outsig)
-					op_outbit_to_outsig[outbit] = outsig;
+				auto mux_insig = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+				outsig_to_operator[mux_insig] = cell;
+				for (auto outbit : mux_insig)
+					op_outbit_to_outsig[outbit] = mux_insig;
 
 				for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\A", "\\B"}) {
-					auto op_insig = ExtSigSpec(cell, port_name, &assign_map);
+					auto op_insig = decode_port(cell, port_name, &assign_map);
 					op_insigs.push_back(op_insig);
 					operand_to_users[op_insig].insert(cell);
 					if (operand_to_users[op_insig].size() > 1)
@@ -371,89 +541,117 @@ struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
 
 			// Operator outputs need to be exclusively connected to the $mux inputs in order to be mergeable. Hence we count to
 			// how many points are operator output bits connected.
-			remove_multi_user_outbits(module, op_outbit_to_outsig);
+			dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, OpMuxConn> op_mux_conn_map =
+			  find_valid_op_mux_conns(module, op_outbit_to_outsig, outsig_to_operator, op_aux_to_outsig);
 
-			std::vector<shared_op_t> shared_ops;
-			for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-				if (!cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_", "$pmux"))
-					continue;
+			// Group op connections connected to same ports of the same $mux. Sort them in ascending order of their port offset
+			dict<RTLIL::Cell*, std::vector<std::set<OpMuxConn>>> mux_port_op_conns;
+			for (auto& val: op_mux_conn_map) {
+				OpMuxConn p = val.second;
+				auto& mux_port_conns = mux_port_op_conns[p.mux];
 
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort("\\S");
+				if (mux_port_conns.size() == 0) {
+					int mux_port_num;
 
-				std::vector<InPort> ports;
+					if (p.mux->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_"))
+						mux_port_num = 2;
+					else
+						mux_port_num = p.mux->getPort("\\S").size();
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_")) {
-					ports.push_back(InPort(assign_map(sig_a), cell, 0));
-					ports.push_back(InPort(assign_map(sig_b), cell, 1));
-				} else {
-					RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort("\\S");
-					for (int i = 0; i < sig_s.size(); i++) {
-						auto inp = sig_b.extract(i * sig_a.size(), sig_a.size());
-						ports.push_back(InPort(assign_map(inp), cell, i));
-					}
+					mux_port_conns.resize(mux_port_num);
 				}
 
+				mux_port_conns[p.mux_port_id].insert(p);
+			}
+
+			std::vector<merged_op_t> merged_ops;
+			for (auto& val: mux_port_op_conns) {
+
+				RTLIL::Cell* cell = val.first;
+				auto &mux_port_conns = val.second;
+
+				const OpMuxConn *seed = NULL;
+
 				// Look through the bits of the $mux inputs and see which of them are connected to the operator
 				// results. Operator results can be concatenated with other signals before led to the $mux.
-				for (int i = 0; i < sig_a.size(); ++i) {
-					std::vector<InPort*> alu_ports;
-					for (auto& p: ports)
-						if (op_outbit_to_outsig.count(p.sig[i])) {
-							p.alu = outsig_to_operator.at(op_outbit_to_outsig.at(p.sig[i]));
-							alu_ports.push_back(&p);
-						}
+				while (true) {
 
-					int alu_port_width = 0;
-
-					while (alu_ports.size() > 1) {
-						std::vector<InPort*> shared_ports(alu_ports);
-
-						auto seed = alu_ports[0];
-						alu_ports.erase(alu_ports.begin());
-
-						// Find ports whose $alu-s share an operand with $alu connected to the seed port
-						auto shared_operand = find_shared_operand(seed, shared_ports, operand_to_users);
-
-						if (shared_operand.empty())
-							continue;
-
-						// Some bits of the operator results might be unconnected. Calculate the number of conneted
-						// bits.
-						if (!find_op_res_width(i, alu_port_width, shared_ports, op_outbit_to_outsig))
-							break;
-
-						if (shared_ports.size() < 2)
-							break;
-
-						// Remember the combination for the merger
-						std::vector<InPort> shared_p;
-						for (auto p: shared_ports)
-							shared_p.push_back(*p);
-
-						shared_ops.push_back(shared_op_t{cell, shared_p, i, alu_port_width, shared_operand});
-
-						// Remove merged ports from the list and try to find other mergers for the mux
-						remove_val(alu_ports, shared_ports);
+					// Remove either the merged ports from the last iteration or the seed that failed to yield a merger
+					if (seed != NULL) {
+						mux_port_conns[seed->mux_port_id].erase(*seed);
+						seed = NULL;
 					}
 
-					if (alu_port_width)
-						i += alu_port_width - 1;
+					// For a new merger, find the seed op connection that starts at lowest port offset among port connections
+					for (auto &port_conns : mux_port_conns) {
+						if (!port_conns.size())
+							continue;
+
+						const OpMuxConn *next_p = &(*port_conns.begin());
+
+						if ((seed == NULL) || (seed->mux_port_offset > next_p->mux_port_offset))
+							seed = next_p;
+					}
+
+					// Cannot find the seed -> nothing to do for this $mux anymore
+					if (seed == NULL)
+						break;
+
+					// Find all other op connections that start from the same port offset, and whose ops can be merged with the seed op
+					std::vector<const OpMuxConn *> mergeable_conns;
+					for (auto &port_conns : mux_port_conns) {
+						if (!port_conns.size())
+							continue;
+
+						const OpMuxConn *next_p = &(*port_conns.begin());
+
+						if ((next_p->op_outsig_offset == seed->op_outsig_offset) &&
+						    (next_p->mux_port_offset == seed->mux_port_offset) && mergeable(next_p->op, seed->op) &&
+						    next_p->sig.size() == seed->sig.size())
+							mergeable_conns.push_back(next_p);
+					}
+
+					// We need at least two mergeable connections for the merger
+					if (mergeable_conns.size() < 2)
+						continue;
+
+					// Filter mergeable connections whose ops share an operand with seed connection's op
+					auto shared_operand = find_shared_operand(seed, mergeable_conns, operand_to_users);
+
+					if (shared_operand.empty())
+						continue;
+
+					check_muxed_operands(mergeable_conns, shared_operand);
+
+					if (mergeable_conns.size() < 2)
+						continue;
+
+					// Remember the combination for the merger
+					std::vector<OpMuxConn> merged_ports;
+					for (auto p : mergeable_conns) {
+						merged_ports.push_back(*p);
+						mux_port_conns[p->mux_port_id].erase(*p);
+					}
+
+					seed = NULL;
+
+					merged_ops.push_back(merged_op_t{cell, merged_ports, shared_operand});
+
+					design->scratchpad_set_bool("opt.did_something", true);
 				}
 
 			}
 
-			for (auto &shared : shared_ops) {
-				log("    Found arithmetic cells that share an operand and can be merged by moving the %s %s in front "
+			for (auto &shared : merged_ops) {
+				log("    Found cells that share an operand and can be merged by moving the %s %s in front "
 				    "of "
 				    "them:\n",
 				    log_id(shared.mux->type), log_id(shared.mux));
 				for (const auto& op : shared.ports)
-					log("        %s\n", log_id(op.alu));
+					log("        %s\n", log_id(op.op));
 				log("\n");
 
-				merge_operators(module, shared.mux, shared.ports, shared.offset, shared.width, shared.shared_operand);
+				merge_operators(module, shared.mux, shared.ports, shared.shared_operand);
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/tests/opt_share/.gitignore b/tests/opt_share/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c595a6fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt_share/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+temp
diff --git a/tests/opt_share/generate.py b/tests/opt_share/generate.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ec92f7de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt_share/generate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+import random
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def redirect_stdout(new_target):
+    old_target, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, new_target
+    try:
+        yield new_target
+    finally:
+        sys.stdout = old_target
+
+
+def random_plus_x():
+    return "%s x" % random.choice(['+', '+', '+', '-', '-', '|', '&', '^'])
+
+
+def maybe_plus_x(expr):
+    if random.randint(0, 4) == 0:
+        return "(%s %s)" % (expr, random_plus_x())
+    else:
+        return expr
+
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+parser.add_argument('-S', '--seed', type=int, help='seed for PRNG')
+parser.add_argument('-c',
+                    '--count',
+                    type=int,
+                    default=100,
+                    help='number of test cases to generate')
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.seed is not None:
+    print("PRNG seed: %d" % args.seed)
+    random.seed(args.seed)
+
+for idx in range(args.count):
+    with open('temp/uut_%05d.v' % idx, 'w') as f:
+        with redirect_stdout(f):
+            print('module uut_%05d(a, b, c, s, y);' % (idx))
+            op = random.choice([
+                random.choice(['+', '-', '*', '/', '%']),
+                random.choice(['<', '<=', '==', '!=', '===', '!==', '>=',
+                               '>']),
+                random.choice(['<<', '>>', '<<<', '>>>']),
+                random.choice(['|', '&', '^', '~^', '||', '&&']),
+            ])
+            print('  input%s [%d:0] a;' % (random.choice(['', ' signed']), 8))
+            print('  input%s [%d:0] b;' % (random.choice(['', ' signed']), 8))
+            print('  input%s [%d:0] c;' % (random.choice(['', ' signed']), 8))
+            print('  input s;')
+            print('  output [%d:0] y;' % 8)
+            ops1 = ['a', 'b']
+            ops2 = ['a', 'c']
+            random.shuffle(ops1)
+            random.shuffle(ops2)
+            cast1 = random.choice(['', '$signed', '$unsigned'])
+            cast2 = random.choice(['', '$signed', '$unsigned'])
+            print('  assign y = (s ? %s(%s %s %s) : %s(%s %s %s));' %
+                  (cast1, ops1[0], op, ops1[1],
+                   cast2, ops2[0], op, ops2[1]))
+            print('endmodule')
+
+    with open('temp/uut_%05d.ys' % idx, 'w') as f:
+        with redirect_stdout(f):
+            print('read_verilog temp/uut_%05d.v' % idx)
+            print('proc;;')
+            print('copy uut_%05d gold' % idx)
+            print('rename uut_%05d gate' % idx)
+            print('tee -a temp/all_share_log.txt log')
+            print('tee -a temp/all_share_log.txt log #job# uut_%05d' % idx)
+            print('tee -a temp/all_share_log.txt opt gate')
+            print('tee -a temp/all_share_log.txt opt_share gate')
+            print('tee -a temp/all_share_log.txt opt_clean gate')
+            print(
+                'miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp gold gate miter'
+            )
+            print(
+                'sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter'
+            )
diff --git a/tests/opt_share/run-test.sh b/tests/opt_share/run-test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e01552646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/opt_share/run-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# run this test many times:
+# time bash -c 'for ((i=0; i<100; i++)); do echo "-- $i --"; bash run-test.sh || exit 1; done'
+
+set -e
+
+OPTIND=1
+count=100
+seed=""    # default to no seed specified
+while getopts "c:S:" opt
+do
+  case "$opt" in
+		c) count="$OPTARG" ;;
+		S) seed="-S $OPTARG" ;;
+  esac
+done
+shift "$((OPTIND-1))"
+
+rm -rf temp
+mkdir -p temp
+echo "generating tests.."
+python3 generate.py -c $count $seed
+
+echo "running tests.."
+for i in $( ls temp/*.ys | sed 's,[^0-9],,g; s,^0*\(.\),\1,g;' ); do
+	echo -n "[$i]"
+	idx=$( printf "%05d" $i )
+	../../yosys -ql temp/uut_${idx}.log temp/uut_${idx}.ys
+done
+echo
+
+failed_share=$( echo $( gawk '/^#job#/ { j=$2; db[j]=0; } /^Removing [246] cells/ { delete db[j]; } END { for (j in db) print(j); }' temp/all_share_log.txt ) )
+if [ -n "$failed_share" ]; then
+	echo "Resource sharing failed for the following test cases: $failed_share"
+	false
+fi
+
+exit 0

From 7de098ad4521a78ca109f261a53d50846f8f5667 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2019 10:41:35 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 035/197] techlibs/intel: Clean up Makefile

Use GNU make's foreach iterator and remove nonexistent files. Gmake is
already a requirement of the build system.

Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben@bwidawsk.net>
---
 techlibs/intel/Makefile.inc | 20 +++++---------------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/intel/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/intel/Makefile.inc
index 7a3d2c71a..4e8f423c8 100644
--- a/techlibs/intel/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/intel/Makefile.inc
@@ -5,20 +5,10 @@ $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/common,techlibs/intel/common/m9k_bb.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/common,techlibs/intel/common/altpll_bb.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/common,techlibs/intel/common/brams_m9k.txt))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/common,techlibs/intel/common/brams_map_m9k.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/max10,techlibs/intel/max10/cells_sim.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/a10gx,techlibs/intel/a10gx/cells_sim.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cyclonev,techlibs/intel/cyclonev/cells_sim.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cyclone10,techlibs/intel/cyclone10/cells_sim.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cycloneiv,techlibs/intel/cycloneiv/cells_sim.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cycloneive,techlibs/intel/cycloneive/cells_sim.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/max10,techlibs/intel/max10/cells_map.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/a10gx,techlibs/intel/a10gx/cells_map.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cyclonev,techlibs/intel/cyclonev/cells_map.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cyclone10,techlibs/intel/cyclone10/cells_map.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cycloneiv,techlibs/intel/cycloneiv/cells_map.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cycloneive,techlibs/intel/cycloneive/cells_map.v))
-#$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/max10,techlibs/intel/max10/arith_map.v))
-#$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/a10gx,techlibs/intel/a10gx/arith_map.v))
-#$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cycloneiv,techlibs/intel/cycloneiv/arith_map.v))
+
+# Add the cell models and mappings for the VQM backend
+families := max10 a10gx cyclonev cyclone10 cycloneiv cycloneive
+$(foreach family,$(families), $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/$(family),techlibs/intel/$(family)/cells_sim.v)))
+$(foreach family,$(families), $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/$(family),techlibs/intel/$(family)/cells_map.v)))
 #$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/intel/cycloneive,techlibs/intel/cycloneive/arith_map.v))
 

From 067b44938c1fd3e24fc9478b96a47bac7152c111 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bogdan Vukobratovic <bogdan.vukobratovic@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2019 09:30:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 036/197] Fix wrong results when opt_share called before
 opt_clean

---
 passes/opt/opt_share.cc                       | 32 ++++++++-----------
 .../opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys |  1 -
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
index e8f44749a..a2ec9cc37 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec decode_port_sign(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name) {
 
 	if (cell->type == "$alu" && port_name == "\\B")
 		return cell->getPort("\\BI");
-	else if	(cell->type == "$sub" && port_name == "\\B")
+	else if (cell->type == "$sub" && port_name == "\\B")
 		return RTLIL::Const(1, 1);
 
 	return RTLIL::Const(0, 1);
@@ -177,14 +177,12 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 		auto op = p.op;
 
 		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = "\\A";
-		if (op->getPort("\\A") == operand.sig) {
+		if (decode_port(op, "\\A", &assign_map) == operand)
 			muxed_port_name = "\\B";
-		}
 
 		auto operand = decode_port(op, muxed_port_name, &assign_map);
-		if (operand.sig.size() > max_width) {
+		if (operand.sig.size() > max_width)
 			max_width = operand.sig.size();
-		}
 
 		muxed_operands.push_back(operand);
 	}
@@ -196,10 +194,8 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 			max_width = shared_op->getParam("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
 
 
-	for (auto &operand : muxed_operands) {
+	for (auto &operand : muxed_operands)
 		operand.sig.extend_u0(max_width, operand.is_signed);
-	}
-
 
 	for (const auto& p : ports) {
 		auto op = p.op;
@@ -208,11 +204,10 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 		module->remove(op);
 	}
 
-	for (auto &muxed_op : muxed_operands) {
-		if (muxed_op.sign != muxed_operands[0].sign) {
+	for (auto &muxed_op : muxed_operands)
+		if (muxed_op.sign != muxed_operands[0].sign)
 			muxed_op = ExtSigSpec(module->Neg(NEW_ID, muxed_op.sig, muxed_op.is_signed));
-		}
-	}
+
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_y = mux->getPort("\\Y");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_a = mux->getPort("\\A");
@@ -261,7 +256,7 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 
 	shared_op->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", conn_width);
 
-	if (shared_op->getPort("\\A") == operand.sig) {
+	if (decode_port(shared_op, "\\A", &assign_map) == operand) {
 		shared_op->setPort("\\B", mux_to_oper);
 		shared_op->setParam("\\B_WIDTH", max_width);
 	} else {
@@ -299,7 +294,7 @@ void check_muxed_operands(std::vector<const OpMuxConn *> &ports, const ExtSigSpe
 		auto op = p->op;
 
 		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = "\\A";
-		if (op->getPort("\\A") == shared_operand.sig) {
+		if (decode_port(op, "\\A", &assign_map) == shared_operand) {
 			muxed_port_name = "\\B";
 		}
 
@@ -486,10 +481,11 @@ struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
 		log("\n");
 
 		log("This pass identifies mutually exclusive cells of the same type that:\n");
-		log("    (a) share an input signal\n");
-		log("    (b) drive the same $mux, $_MUX_, or $pmux multiplexing cell allowing\n");
-		log("        the cell to be merged and the multiplexer to be moved from\n");
-		log("        multiplexing its output to multiplexing the non-shared input signals.\n");
+		log("    (a) share an input signal,\n");
+		log("    (b) drive the same $mux, $_MUX_, or $pmux multiplexing cell,\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("allowing the cell to be merged and the multiplexer to be moved from\n");
+		log("multiplexing its output to multiplexing the non-shared input signals.\n");
 		log("\n");
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys
index 54d200dc7..610bb8c6c 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_share_large_pmux_cat_multipart.ys
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ opt merged
 
 opt_share merged
 opt_clean merged
-opt -full
 
 miter -equiv -flatten -ignore_gold_x -make_outputs -make_outcmp opt_share_test merged miter
 sat -set-def-inputs -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-inputs -show-outputs miter

From d51b135e331326032b003934905c17750e116014 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2019 12:37:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 037/197] Fix CO

---
 techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v | 50 ++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
index ae955663c..ef903171f 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ module _80_efinix_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 	output [Y_WIDTH-1:0] X, Y;
 
 	input CI, BI;
-	output CO;
+	output [Y_WIDTH-1:0] CO;
 
 	wire _TECHMAP_FAIL_ = Y_WIDTH <= 2;
 
@@ -41,38 +41,36 @@ module _80_efinix_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 
 	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] AA = A_buf;
 	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] BB = BI ? ~B_buf : B_buf;
-	wire [Y_WIDTH+1:0] COx;
-	wire [Y_WIDTH+2:0] C = {COx, CI};
+	wire [Y_WIDTH:0] C;
 
-   EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))
-   adder_cin  (
-        .I0(C[0]),
+    EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))
+    adder_cin  (
+        .I0(CI),
         .I1(1'b1),
         .CI(1'b0),
-        .CO(COx[0])
+        .CO(C[0])
 	);
 
 	genvar i;
 	generate for (i = 0; i < Y_WIDTH; i = i + 1) begin: slice
-      EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))
-      adder_i (
-            .I0(AA[i]),
-            .I1(BB[i]),
-            .CI(C[i+1]),
-            .O(Y[i]),
-            .CO(COx[i+1])
-        );
-	  end: slice
+		EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))
+		adder_i (
+			.I0(AA[i]),
+			.I1(BB[i]),
+			.CI(C[i]),
+			.O(Y[i]),
+			.CO(C[i+1])
+		);
+		EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))				
+		adder_cout  (
+			.I0(1'b0),
+			.I1(1'b0),
+			.CI(C[i+1]),
+			.O(CO[i])
+		);
+	  end: slice	  
 	endgenerate
 
-   EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))				
-   adder_cout  (
-      .I0(1'b0),
-      .I1(1'b0),
-      .CI(C[Y_WIDTH+1]),
-      .O(COx[Y_WIDTH+1])
-   );
-   assign CO = COx[Y_WIDTH+1];
-	/* End implementation */
-	assign X = AA ^ BB;
+   /* End implementation */
+   assign X = AA ^ BB;
 endmodule
\ No newline at end of file

From b3a91d6508943c8e5656af0a624e6ad115aec9c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 08:37:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 038/197] cleanup

---
 techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v | 11 +++++++----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
index ef903171f..56e1b039f 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ module _80_efinix_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 
 	input CI, BI;
 	output [Y_WIDTH-1:0] CO;
+   
+   wire CIx;
+   wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] COx;
 
 	wire _TECHMAP_FAIL_ = Y_WIDTH <= 2;
 
@@ -41,14 +44,14 @@ module _80_efinix_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 
 	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] AA = A_buf;
 	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] BB = BI ? ~B_buf : B_buf;
-	wire [Y_WIDTH:0] C;
+	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] C = { COx, CIx };
 
     EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))
     adder_cin  (
         .I0(CI),
         .I1(1'b1),
         .CI(1'b0),
-        .CO(C[0])
+        .CO(CIx)
 	);
 
 	genvar i;
@@ -59,13 +62,13 @@ module _80_efinix_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 			.I1(BB[i]),
 			.CI(C[i]),
 			.O(Y[i]),
-			.CO(C[i+1])
+			.CO(COx[i])
 		);
 		EFX_ADD #(.I0_POLARITY(1'b1),.I1_POLARITY(1'b1))				
 		adder_cout  (
 			.I0(1'b0),
 			.I1(1'b0),
-			.CI(C[i+1]),
+			.CI(COx[i]),
 			.O(CO[i])
 		);
 	  end: slice	  

From 8c8100e0df51401870fba13fccf5240461f76051 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 10:17:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 039/197] Adding new pass to fix carry chain

---
 techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc       |   1 +
 techlibs/efinix/efinix_fixcarry.cc | 122 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc    |   1 +
 3 files changed, 124 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/efinix_fixcarry.cc

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
index d0593baec..47dadccdd 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.o
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.o
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.o
+OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_fixcarry.o
 
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v))
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/efinix_fixcarry.cc b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_fixcarry.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7cd995b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_fixcarry.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2019  Miodrag Milanovic <miodrag@symbioticeda.com>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+static SigBit get_bit_or_zero(const SigSpec &sig)
+{
+	if (GetSize(sig) == 0)
+		return State::S0;
+	return sig[0];
+}
+
+static void fix_carry_chain(Module *module)
+{
+	SigMap sigmap(module);
+
+	pool<SigBit> ci_bits;
+	dict<SigBit, SigBit> mapping_bits;
+
+	for (auto cell : module->cells())
+	{
+		if (cell->type == "\\EFX_ADD") {
+			SigBit bit_i0 = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I0"));
+			SigBit bit_i1 = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I1"));
+			if (bit_i0 == State::S0 && bit_i1== State::S0) {
+				SigBit bit_ci = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\CI"));
+				SigBit bit_o = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\O"));
+				ci_bits.insert(bit_ci);				
+				mapping_bits[bit_ci] = bit_o;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	vector<Cell*> adders_to_fix_cells;
+	for (auto cell : module->cells())
+	{
+		if (cell->type == "\\EFX_ADD") {
+			SigBit bit_ci = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\CI"));
+			SigBit bit_i0 = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I0"));
+			SigBit bit_i1 = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I1"));			
+			SigBit canonical_bit = sigmap(bit_ci);
+			if (!ci_bits.count(canonical_bit))
+				continue;			
+			if (bit_i0 == State::S0 && bit_i1== State::S0) 
+				continue;
+
+			adders_to_fix_cells.push_back(cell);
+			log("Found %s cell named %s with invalid CI signal.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell));
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (auto cell : adders_to_fix_cells)
+	{
+		SigBit bit_ci = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\CI"));
+		SigBit canonical_bit = sigmap(bit_ci);
+		auto bit = mapping_bits.at(canonical_bit);
+		log("Fixing %s cell named %s breaking carry chain.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell));
+		Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "\\EFX_ADD");
+		SigBit new_bit = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+		c->setParam("\\I0_POLARITY", State::S1);
+		c->setParam("\\I1_POLARITY", State::S1);
+		c->setPort("\\I0", bit);
+		c->setPort("\\I1", State::S1);
+		c->setPort("\\CI", State::S0);
+		c->setPort("\\CO", new_bit);
+		
+		cell->setPort("\\CI", new_bit);
+	}
+}
+
+struct EfinixCarryFixPass : public Pass {
+	EfinixCarryFixPass() : Pass("efinix_fixcarry", "Efinix: fix carry chain") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    efinix_fixcarry [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Add Efinix adders to fix carry chain if needed.\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing efinix_fixcarry pass (fix invalid carry chain).\n");
+		
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		Module *module = design->top_module();
+
+		if (module == nullptr)
+			log_cmd_error("No top module found.\n");
+
+		fix_carry_chain(module);		
+	}
+} EfinixCarryFixPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
index 000a17310..d64491ca8 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ struct SynthEfinixPass : public ScriptPass
 		if (check_label("map_gbuf"))
 		{
 			run("efinix_gbuf");
+			run("efinix_fixcarry");
 			run("clean");
 		}
 		

From e609537e386535047f045bf0b8df7ebc5f23c469 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 10:46:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 040/197] Fixed data width

---
 techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
index 9ef01d026..3236f39a5 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ module \$__EFINIX_5K (CLK2, CLK3, A1ADDR, A1DATA, A1EN, B1ADDR, B1DATA, B1EN);
 	localparam WRITEMODE_A = TRANSP2 ? "WRITE_FIRST" : "READ_FIRST";
 
 	EFX_RAM_5K #(
-   		.READ_WIDTH(20),
-   		.WRITE_WIDTH(20),
+   		.READ_WIDTH(CFG_DBITS),
+   		.WRITE_WIDTH(CFG_DBITS),
    		.OUTPUT_REG(1'b0),
    		.RCLK_POLARITY(1'b1),
    		.RE_POLARITY(1'b1),

From 853c755a0ca67ae0a75b5cf7783e395d9f49f389 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 11:01:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 041/197] Replaced custom step with setundef

---
 techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc             |  1 -
 techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc | 89 ------------------------
 techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc          |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 91 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
index 47dadccdd..f1ce58276 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.o
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_gbuf.o
-OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.o
 OBJS += techlibs/efinix/efinix_fixcarry.o
 
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v))
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc b/techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 54da703ff..000000000
--- a/techlibs/efinix/efinix_determine_init.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
- *
- *  Copyright (C) 2018 Icenowy Zheng <icenowy@aosc.io>
- *
- *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
- *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
- *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
- *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "kernel/yosys.h"
-#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
-
-USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
-PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-
-struct EfinixDetermineInitPass : public Pass {
-	EfinixDetermineInitPass() : Pass("efinix_determine_init", "Efinix: Determine the init value of cells") { }
-	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
-	{
-		log("\n");
-		log("    efinix_determine_init [selection]\n");
-		log("\n");
-		log("Determine the init value of cells that doesn't allow unknown init value.\n");
-		log("\n");
-	}
-
-	Const determine_init(Const init)
-	{
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(init); i++) {
-			if (init[i] != State::S0 && init[i] != State::S1)
-				init[i] = State::S0;
-		}
-
-		return init;
-	}
-
-	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
-	{
-		log_header(design, "Executing EFINIX_DETERMINE_INIT pass (determine init value for cells).\n");
-
-		extra_args(args, args.size(), design);
-
-		int cnt = 0;
-		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
-		{
-			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
-			{
-				if (cell->type == "\\EFX_RAM_5K")
-				{
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_0", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_0")));					
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_1", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_1")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_2", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_2")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_3", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_3")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_4", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_4")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_5", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_5")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_6", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_6")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_7", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_7")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_8", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_8")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_9", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_9")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_A", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_A")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_B", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_B")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_C", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_C")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_D", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_D")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_E", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_E")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_F", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_F")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_10", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_10")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_11", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_11")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_12", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_12")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_13", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_13")));
-
-					cnt++;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		log_header(design, "Updated %d cells with determined init value.\n", cnt);
-	}
-} EfinixDetermineInitPass;
-
-PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
index d64491ca8..26a8d4eda 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/synth_efinix.cc
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ struct SynthEfinixPass : public ScriptPass
 		{
 			run("memory_bram -rules +/efinix/bram.txt");
 			run("techmap -map +/efinix/brams_map.v");
-			run("efinix_determine_init");
+			run("setundef -zero -params t:EFX_RAM_5K");
 		}
 
 		if (check_label("fine"))

From b5534b66c8fb0cfb4f3e62a6ee694d1f603dc7d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2019 18:54:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 042/197] Improve API of ID() macro

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 kernel/yosys.h | 12 ++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/yosys.h b/kernel/yosys.h
index 09e8139bb..49716ed52 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.h
+++ b/kernel/yosys.h
@@ -305,8 +305,16 @@ RTLIL::IdString new_id(std::string file, int line, std::string func);
 #define NEW_ID \
 	YOSYS_NAMESPACE_PREFIX new_id(__FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__)
 
-#define ID(_str) \
-	([]() { static YOSYS_NAMESPACE_PREFIX RTLIL::IdString _id(_str); return _id; })()
+// Create a statically allocated IdString object, using for example ID(A) or ID($add).
+//
+// Recipe for Converting old code that is using conversion of strings like "\\A" and
+// "$add" for creating IdStrings: Run below SED command on the .cc file and then use for
+// example "meld foo.cc foo.cc.orig" to manually compile errors, if necessary.
+//
+//  sed -i.orig -r 's/"\\\\([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)"/ID(\1)/g; s/"(\$[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)"/ID(\1)/g;' <filename>
+//
+#define ID(_id) ([]() { const char *p = "\\" #_id, *q = p[1] == '$' ? p+1 : p; \
+        static const YOSYS_NAMESPACE_PREFIX RTLIL::IdString id(q); return id; })()
 
 RTLIL::Design *yosys_get_design();
 std::string proc_self_dirname();

From 6995914f3f55fc0f3d1160c7f45273b82eb923ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2019 18:58:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 043/197] Use ID() macro in all of passes/opt/

This was obtained by running the following SED command in passes/opt/
and then using "meld foo.cc foo.cc.orig" to manually fix all resulting
compiler errors.

sed -i.orig -r 's/"\\\\([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)"/ID(\1)/g; s/"(\$[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)"/ID(\1)/g;' *.cc

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/opt/muxpack.cc      |  72 ++--
 passes/opt/opt_clean.cc    |  54 +--
 passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc |  24 +-
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc     | 720 ++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 passes/opt/opt_lut.cc      |  54 +--
 passes/opt/opt_merge.cc    | 102 +++---
 passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc  |  42 +--
 passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc   | 110 +++---
 passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc    | 248 ++++++-------
 passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc  |  78 ++--
 passes/opt/share.cc        | 332 ++++++++---------
 passes/opt/wreduce.cc      | 146 ++++----
 12 files changed, 991 insertions(+), 991 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/muxpack.cc b/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
index 225c30d9a..cf6752b6e 100644
--- a/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
@@ -37,22 +37,22 @@ struct ExclusiveDatabase
 		SigBit y_port;
 		pool<Cell*> reduce_or;
 		for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-			if (cell->type == "$eq") {
-				nonconst_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				const_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($eq)) {
+				nonconst_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				const_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 				if (!const_sig.is_fully_const()) {
 					if (!nonconst_sig.is_fully_const())
 						continue;
 					std::swap(nonconst_sig, const_sig);
 				}
-				y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+				y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 			}
-			else if (cell->type == "$logic_not") {
-				nonconst_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+			else if (cell->type == ID($logic_not)) {
+				nonconst_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 				const_sig = Const(State::S0, GetSize(nonconst_sig));
-				y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+				y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 			}
-			else if (cell->type == "$reduce_or") {
+			else if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or)) {
 				reduce_or.insert(cell);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ struct ExclusiveDatabase
 		for (auto cell : reduce_or) {
 			nonconst_sig = SigSpec();
 			std::vector<Const> values;
-			SigSpec a_port = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+			SigSpec a_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			for (auto bit : a_port) {
 				auto it = sig_cmp_prev.find(bit);
 				if (it == sig_cmp_prev.end()) {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ struct ExclusiveDatabase
 			}
 			if (nonconst_sig.empty())
 				continue;
-			y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+			y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 			sig_cmp_prev[y_port] = std::make_pair(nonconst_sig,std::move(values));
 		}
 	}
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 	{
 		for (auto wire : module->wires())
 		{
-			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute("\\keep")) {
+			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(wire))
 					sigbit_with_non_chain_users.insert(bit);
 			}
@@ -143,13 +143,13 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux") && !cell->get_bool_attribute("\\keep"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 			{
-				SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 				SigSpec b_sig;
-				if (cell->type == "$mux")
-					b_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-				SigSpec y_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+				if (cell->type == ID($mux))
+					b_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				SigSpec y_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
    
 				if (sig_chain_next.count(a_sig))
 					for (auto a_bit : a_sig.bits())
@@ -186,16 +186,16 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 		{
 			log_debug("Considering %s (%s)\n", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
 
-			SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			if (cell->type == "$mux") {
-				SigSpec b_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+			SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
+				SigSpec b_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 				if (sig_chain_prev.count(a_sig) + sig_chain_prev.count(b_sig) != 1)
 					goto start_cell;
 
 				if (!sig_chain_prev.count(a_sig))
 					a_sig = b_sig;
 			}
-			else if (cell->type == "$pmux") {
+			else if (cell->type == ID($pmux)) {
 				if (!sig_chain_prev.count(a_sig))
 					goto start_cell;
 			}
@@ -208,8 +208,8 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 			{
 				Cell *prev_cell = sig_chain_prev.at(a_sig);
 				log_assert(prev_cell);
-				SigSpec s_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\S"));
-				s_sig.append(sigmap(prev_cell->getPort("\\S")));
+				SigSpec s_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+				s_sig.append(sigmap(prev_cell->getPort(ID(S))));
 				if (!excl_db.query(s_sig))
 					goto start_cell;
 			}
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 		{
 			chain.push_back(c);
 
-			SigSpec y_sig = sigmap(c->getPort("\\Y"));
+			SigSpec y_sig = sigmap(c->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 			if (sig_chain_next.count(y_sig) == 0)
 				break;
@@ -269,29 +269,29 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 			mux_count += cases;
 			pmux_count += 1;
 
-			first_cell->type = "$pmux";
-			SigSpec b_sig = first_cell->getPort("\\B");
-			SigSpec s_sig = first_cell->getPort("\\S");
+			first_cell->type = ID($pmux);
+			SigSpec b_sig = first_cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			SigSpec s_sig = first_cell->getPort(ID(S));
 
 			for (int i = 1; i < cases; i++) {
 				Cell* prev_cell = chain[cursor+i-1];
 				Cell* cursor_cell = chain[cursor+i];
-				if (sigmap(prev_cell->getPort("\\Y")) == sigmap(cursor_cell->getPort("\\A"))) {
-					b_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort("\\B"));
-					s_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort("\\S"));
+				if (sigmap(prev_cell->getPort(ID(Y))) == sigmap(cursor_cell->getPort(ID(A)))) {
+					b_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+					s_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 				}
 				else {
-					log_assert(cursor_cell->type == "$mux");
-					b_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort("\\A"));
-					s_sig.append(module->LogicNot(NEW_ID, cursor_cell->getPort("\\S")));
+					log_assert(cursor_cell->type == ID($mux));
+					b_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+					s_sig.append(module->LogicNot(NEW_ID, cursor_cell->getPort(ID(S))));
 				}
 				remove_cells.insert(cursor_cell);
 			}
 
-			first_cell->setPort("\\B", b_sig);
-			first_cell->setPort("\\S", s_sig);
-			first_cell->setParam("\\S_WIDTH", GetSize(s_sig));
-			first_cell->setPort("\\Y", last_cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+			first_cell->setPort(ID(B), b_sig);
+			first_cell->setPort(ID(S), s_sig);
+			first_cell->setParam(ID(S_WIDTH), GetSize(s_sig));
+			first_cell->setPort(ID(Y), last_cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 			cursor += cases;
 		}
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc b/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
index 905c95b6c..1d3a85b3a 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ struct keep_cache_t
 			return cache.at(module);
 
 		cache[module] = true;
-		if (!module->get_bool_attribute("\\keep")) {
+		if (!module->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
 			bool found_keep = false;
 			for (auto cell : module->cells())
 				if (query(cell)) found_keep = true;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ struct keep_cache_t
 
 	bool query(Cell *cell)
 	{
-		if (cell->type.in("$memwr", "$meminit", "$assert", "$assume", "$live", "$fair", "$cover", "$specify2", "$specify3", "$specrule"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($memwr), ID($meminit), ID($assert), ID($assume), ID($live), ID($fair), ID($cover), ID($specify2), ID($specify3), ID($specrule)))
 			return true;
 
 		if (cell->has_keep_attr())
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ void rmunused_module_cells(Module *module, bool verbose)
 
 	for (auto &it : module->wires_) {
 		Wire *wire = it.second;
-		if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute("\\keep")) {
+		if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
 			for (auto bit : sigmap(wire))
 			for (auto c : wire2driver[bit])
 				queue.insert(c), unused.erase(c);
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ void rmunused_module_cells(Module *module, bool verbose)
 int count_nontrivial_wire_attrs(RTLIL::Wire *w)
 {
 	int count = w->attributes.size();
-	count -= w->attributes.count("\\src");
-	count -= w->attributes.count("\\unused_bits");
+	count -= w->attributes.count(ID(src));
+	count -= w->attributes.count(ID(unused_bits));
 	return count;
 }
 
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 			if (!wire->port_input)
 				used_signals_nodrivers.add(sig);
 		}
-		if (wire->get_bool_attribute("\\keep")) {
+		if (wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig = RTLIL::SigSpec(wire);
 			assign_map.apply(sig);
 			used_signals.add(sig);
@@ -311,19 +311,19 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 		log_assert(GetSize(s1) == GetSize(s2));
 
 		Const initval;
-		if (wire->attributes.count("\\init"))
-			initval = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+		if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init)))
+			initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 		if (GetSize(initval) != GetSize(wire))
 			initval.bits.resize(GetSize(wire), State::Sx);
 		if (initval.is_fully_undef())
-			wire->attributes.erase("\\init");
+			wire->attributes.erase(ID(init));
 
 		if (GetSize(wire) == 0) {
 			// delete zero-width wires, unless they are module ports
 			if (wire->port_id == 0)
 				goto delete_this_wire;
 		} else
-		if (wire->port_id != 0 || wire->get_bool_attribute("\\keep") || !initval.is_fully_undef()) {
+		if (wire->port_id != 0 || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)) || !initval.is_fully_undef()) {
 			// do not delete anything with "keep" or module ports or initialized wires
 		} else
 		if (!purge_mode && check_public_name(wire->name) && (raw_used_signals.check_any(s1) || used_signals.check_any(s2) || s1 != s2)) {
@@ -357,9 +357,9 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 				}
 			if (new_conn.first.size() > 0) {
 				if (initval.is_fully_undef())
-					wire->attributes.erase("\\init");
+					wire->attributes.erase(ID(init));
 				else
-					wire->attributes.at("\\init") = initval;
+					wire->attributes.at(ID(init)) = initval;
 				used_signals.add(new_conn.first);
 				used_signals.add(new_conn.second);
 				module->connect(new_conn);
@@ -377,11 +377,11 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 					}
 				}
 				if (unused_bits.empty() || wire->port_id != 0)
-					wire->attributes.erase("\\unused_bits");
+					wire->attributes.erase(ID(unused_bits));
 				else
-					wire->attributes["\\unused_bits"] = RTLIL::Const(unused_bits);
+					wire->attributes[ID(unused_bits)] = RTLIL::Const(unused_bits);
 			} else {
-				wire->attributes.erase("\\unused_bits");
+				wire->attributes.erase(ID(unused_bits));
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -413,18 +413,18 @@ bool rmunused_module_init(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbose)
 	dict<SigBit, State> qbits;
 
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
-		if (fftypes.cell_known(cell->type) && cell->hasPort("\\Q"))
+		if (fftypes.cell_known(cell->type) && cell->hasPort(ID(Q)))
 		{
-			SigSpec sig = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+			SigSpec sig = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig); i++)
 			{
 				SigBit bit = sig[i];
 
-				if (bit.wire == nullptr || bit.wire->attributes.count("\\init") == 0)
+				if (bit.wire == nullptr || bit.wire->attributes.count(ID(init)) == 0)
 					continue;
 
-				Const init = bit.wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+				Const init = bit.wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 
 				if (i >= GetSize(init) || init[i] == State::Sx || init[i] == State::Sz)
 					continue;
@@ -439,10 +439,10 @@ bool rmunused_module_init(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbose)
 		if (!purge_mode && wire->name[0] == '\\')
 			continue;
 
-		if (wire->attributes.count("\\init") == 0)
+		if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init)) == 0)
 			continue;
 
-		Const init = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+		Const init = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire) && i < GetSize(init); i++)
 		{
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ bool rmunused_module_init(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbose)
 		if (verbose)
 			log_debug("  removing redundant init attribute on %s.\n", log_id(wire));
 
-		wire->attributes.erase("\\init");
+		wire->attributes.erase(ID(init));
 		did_something = true;
 	next_wire:;
 	}
@@ -480,10 +480,10 @@ void rmunused_module(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbose, bool
 
 	std::vector<RTLIL::Cell*> delcells;
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
-		if (cell->type.in("$pos", "$_BUF_") && !cell->has_keep_attr()) {
-			bool is_signed = cell->type == "$pos" && cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($_BUF_)) && !cell->has_keep_attr()) {
+			bool is_signed = cell->type == ID($pos) && cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 			a.extend_u0(GetSize(y), is_signed);
 			module->connect(y, a);
 			delcells.push_back(cell);
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ void rmunused_module(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbose, bool
 	for (auto cell : delcells) {
 		if (verbose)
 			log_debug("  removing buffer cell `%s': %s = %s\n", cell->name.c_str(),
-					log_signal(cell->getPort("\\Y")), log_signal(cell->getPort("\\A")));
+					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(Y))), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(A))));
 		module->remove(cell);
 	}
 	if (!delcells.empty())
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc b/passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc
index 1699a6454..7defef442 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 	//TODO: Add support for reduce_xor
 	//DeMorgan of XOR is either XOR (if even number of inputs) or XNOR (if odd number)
 
-	if( (cell->type != "$reduce_and") && (cell->type != "$reduce_or") )
+	if( (cell->type != ID($reduce_and)) && (cell->type != ID($reduce_or)) )
 		return;
 
-	auto insig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+	auto insig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 	log("Inspecting %s cell %s (%d inputs)\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell->name), GetSize(insig));
 	int num_inverted = 0;
 	for(int i=0; i<GetSize(insig); i++)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 		bool inverted = false;
 		for(auto x : ports)
 		{
-			if(x.port == "\\Y" && x.cell->type == "$_NOT_")
+			if(x.port == ID(Y) && x.cell->type == ID($_NOT_))
 			{
 				inverted = true;
 				break;
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 		RTLIL::Cell* srcinv = NULL;
 		for(auto x : ports)
 		{
-			if(x.port == "\\Y" && x.cell->type == "$_NOT_")
+			if(x.port == ID(Y) && x.cell->type == ID($_NOT_))
 			{
 				srcinv = x.cell;
 				break;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 		//We ARE inverted - bypass it
 		//Don't automatically delete the inverter since other stuff might still use it
 		else
-			insig[i] = srcinv->getPort("\\A");
+			insig[i] = srcinv->getPort(ID(A));
 	}
 
 	//Cosmetic fixup: If our input is just a scrambled version of one bus, rearrange it
@@ -151,20 +151,20 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 	}
 
 	//Push the new input signal back to the reduction (after bypassing/adding inverters)
-	cell->setPort("\\A", insig);
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), insig);
 
 	//Change the cell type
-	if(cell->type == "$reduce_and")
-		cell->type = "$reduce_or";
-	else if(cell->type == "$reduce_or")
-		cell->type = "$reduce_and";
+	if(cell->type == ID($reduce_and))
+		cell->type = ID($reduce_or);
+	else if(cell->type == ID($reduce_or))
+		cell->type = ID($reduce_and);
 	//don't change XOR
 
 	//Add an inverter to the output
-	auto inverted_output = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	auto inverted_output = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 	auto uninverted_output = m->addWire(NEW_ID);
 	m->addNot(NEW_ID, RTLIL::SigSpec(uninverted_output), inverted_output);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", uninverted_output);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), uninverted_output);
 }
 
 struct OptDemorganPass : public Pass {
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index b2dc9a448..8f6e660a2 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ void replace_undriven(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module)
 	}
 
 	for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
-		if (wire->attributes.count("\\init")) {
+		if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
 			SigSpec sig = sigmap(wire);
-			Const initval = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+			Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 			for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initval) && i < GetSize(wire); i++) {
 				if (initval[i] == State::S0 || initval[i] == State::S1)
 					initbits[sig[i]] = make_pair(wire, initval[i]);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void replace_undriven(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module)
 		}
 		if (wire->port_input)
 			driven_signals.add(sigmap(wire));
-		if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute("\\keep"))
+		if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 			used_signals.add(sigmap(wire));
 		all_signals.add(sigmap(wire));
 	}
@@ -99,25 +99,25 @@ void replace_undriven(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module)
 
 		for (auto wire : revisit_initwires) {
 			SigSpec sig = sm2(wire);
-			Const initval = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+			Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 			for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initval) && i < GetSize(wire); i++) {
 				if (SigBit(initval[i]) == sig[i])
 					initval[i] = State::Sx;
 			}
 			if (initval.is_fully_undef()) {
 				log_debug("Removing init attribute from %s/%s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(wire));
-				wire->attributes.erase("\\init");
+				wire->attributes.erase(ID(init));
 				did_something = true;
-			} else if (initval != wire->attributes.at("\\init")) {
+			} else if (initval != wire->attributes.at(ID(init))) {
 				log_debug("Updating init attribute on %s/%s: %s\n", log_id(module), log_id(wire), log_signal(initval));
-				wire->attributes["\\init"] = initval;
+				wire->attributes[ID(init)] = initval;
 				did_something = true;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-void replace_cell(SigMap &assign_map, RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, std::string info, std::string out_port, RTLIL::SigSpec out_val)
+void replace_cell(SigMap &assign_map, RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, std::string info, IdString out_port, RTLIL::SigSpec out_val)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec Y = cell->getPort(out_port);
 	out_val.extend_u0(Y.size(), false);
@@ -134,14 +134,14 @@ void replace_cell(SigMap &assign_map, RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell,
 
 bool group_cell_inputs(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool commutative, SigMap &sigmap)
 {
-	std::string b_name = cell->hasPort("\\B") ? "\\B" : "\\A";
+	IdString b_name = cell->hasPort(ID(B)) ? ID(B) : ID(A);
 
-	bool a_signed = cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
-	bool b_signed = cell->parameters.at(b_name + "_SIGNED").as_bool();
+	bool a_signed = cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+	bool b_signed = cell->parameters.at(b_name.str() + "_SIGNED").as_bool();
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(b_name));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 	sig_a.extend_u0(sig_y.size(), a_signed);
 	sig_b.extend_u0(sig_y.size(), b_signed);
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ bool group_cell_inputs(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool commutativ
 		int group_idx = GRP_DYN;
 		RTLIL::SigBit bit_a = bits_a[i], bit_b = bits_b[i];
 
-		if (cell->type == "$or" && (bit_a == RTLIL::State::S1 || bit_b == RTLIL::State::S1))
+		if (cell->type == ID($or) && (bit_a == RTLIL::State::S1 || bit_b == RTLIL::State::S1))
 			bit_a = bit_b = RTLIL::State::S1;
 
-		if (cell->type == "$and" && (bit_a == RTLIL::State::S0 || bit_b == RTLIL::State::S0))
+		if (cell->type == ID($and) && (bit_a == RTLIL::State::S0 || bit_b == RTLIL::State::S0))
 			bit_a = bit_b = RTLIL::State::S0;
 
 		if (bit_a.wire == NULL && bit_b.wire == NULL)
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ bool group_cell_inputs(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool commutativ
 			new_b.append_bit(it.first.second);
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$and", "$or") && i == GRP_CONST_A) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($or)) && i == GRP_CONST_A) {
 			log_debug("  Direct Connection: %s (%s with %s)\n", log_signal(new_b), log_id(cell->type), log_signal(new_a));
 			module->connect(new_y, new_b);
 			module->connect(new_conn);
@@ -208,24 +208,24 @@ bool group_cell_inputs(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool commutativ
 
 		RTLIL::Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, cell->type);
 
-		c->setPort("\\A", new_a);
-		c->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = new_a.size();
-		c->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = false;
+		c->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
+		c->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = new_a.size();
+		c->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = false;
 
-		if (b_name == "\\B") {
-			c->setPort("\\B", new_b);
-			c->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = new_b.size();
-			c->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = false;
+		if (b_name == ID(B)) {
+			c->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+			c->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = new_b.size();
+			c->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = false;
 		}
 
-		c->setPort("\\Y", new_y);
-		c->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = new_y->width;
+		c->setPort(ID(Y), new_y);
+		c->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = new_y->width;
 		c->check();
 
 		module->connect(new_conn);
 
 		log_debug("  New cell `%s': A=%s", log_id(c), log_signal(new_a));
-		if (b_name == "\\B")
+		if (b_name == ID(B))
 			log_debug(", B=%s", log_signal(new_b));
 		log_debug("\n");
 	}
@@ -367,12 +367,12 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		if (design->selected(module, cell) && cell->type[0] == '$') {
-			if (cell->type.in("$_NOT_", "$not", "$logic_not") &&
-					cell->getPort("\\A").size() == 1 && cell->getPort("\\Y").size() == 1)
-				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"))] = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_") &&
-					cell->getPort("\\A") == SigSpec(State::S1) && cell->getPort("\\B") == SigSpec(State::S0))
-				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"))] = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\S"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) &&
+					cell->getPort(ID(A)).size() == 1 && cell->getPort(ID(Y)).size() == 1)
+				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))] = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) &&
+					cell->getPort(ID(A)) == SigSpec(State::S1) && cell->getPort(ID(B)) == SigSpec(State::S0))
+				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))] = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 			if (ct_combinational.cell_known(cell->type))
 				for (auto &conn : cell->connections()) {
 					RTLIL::SigSpec sig = assign_map(conn.second);
@@ -396,66 +396,66 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 	for (auto cell : cells.sorted)
 	{
 #define ACTION_DO(_p_, _s_) do { cover("opt.opt_expr.action_" S__LINE__); replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, input.as_string(), _p_, _s_); goto next_cell; } while (0)
-#define ACTION_DO_Y(_v_) ACTION_DO("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::S ## _v_))
+#define ACTION_DO_Y(_v_) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::S ## _v_))
 
 		if (clkinv)
 		{
-			if (cell->type.in("$dff", "$dffe", "$dffsr", "$adff", "$fsm", "$memrd", "$memwr"))
-				handle_polarity_inv(cell, "\\CLK", "\\CLK_POLARITY", assign_map, invert_map);
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($dff), ID($dffe), ID($dffsr), ID($adff), ID($fsm), ID($memrd), ID($memwr)))
+				handle_polarity_inv(cell, ID(CLK), ID(CLK_POLARITY), assign_map, invert_map);
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$sr", "$dffsr", "$dlatchsr")) {
-				handle_polarity_inv(cell, "\\SET", "\\SET_POLARITY", assign_map, invert_map);
-				handle_polarity_inv(cell, "\\CLR", "\\CLR_POLARITY", assign_map, invert_map);
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($sr), ID($dffsr), ID($dlatchsr))) {
+				handle_polarity_inv(cell, ID(SET), ID(SET_POLARITY), assign_map, invert_map);
+				handle_polarity_inv(cell, ID(CLR), ID(CLR_POLARITY), assign_map, invert_map);
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$dffe", "$dlatch", "$dlatchsr"))
-				handle_polarity_inv(cell, "\\EN", "\\EN_POLARITY", assign_map, invert_map);
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($dffe), ID($dlatch), ID($dlatchsr)))
+				handle_polarity_inv(cell, ID(EN), ID(EN_POLARITY), assign_map, invert_map);
 
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_SR_N?_", "$_SR_P?_", "\\S", assign_map, invert_map);
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_SR_?N_", "$_SR_?P_", "\\R", assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_SR_N?_", "$_SR_P?_", ID(S), assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_SR_?N_", "$_SR_?P_", ID(R), assign_map, invert_map);
 
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_", "\\C", assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_", ID(C), assign_map, invert_map);
 
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFE_N?_", "$_DFFE_P?_", "\\C", assign_map, invert_map);
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFE_?N_", "$_DFFE_?P_", "\\E", assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFE_N?_", "$_DFFE_P?_", ID(C), assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFE_?N_", "$_DFFE_?P_", ID(E), assign_map, invert_map);
 
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFF_N??_", "$_DFF_P??_", "\\C", assign_map, invert_map);
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFF_?N?_", "$_DFF_?P?_", "\\R", assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFF_N??_", "$_DFF_P??_", ID(C), assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFF_?N?_", "$_DFF_?P?_", ID(R), assign_map, invert_map);
 
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFSR_N??_", "$_DFFSR_P??_", "\\C", assign_map, invert_map);
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFSR_?N?_", "$_DFFSR_?P?_", "\\S", assign_map, invert_map);
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFSR_??N_", "$_DFFSR_??P_", "\\R", assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFSR_N??_", "$_DFFSR_P??_", ID(C), assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFSR_?N?_", "$_DFFSR_?P?_", ID(S), assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DFFSR_??N_", "$_DFFSR_??P_", ID(R), assign_map, invert_map);
 
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DLATCH_N_", "$_DLATCH_P_", "\\E", assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DLATCH_N_", "$_DLATCH_P_", ID(E), assign_map, invert_map);
 
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DLATCHSR_N??_", "$_DLATCHSR_P??_", "\\E", assign_map, invert_map);
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DLATCHSR_?N?_", "$_DLATCHSR_?P?_", "\\S", assign_map, invert_map);
-			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DLATCHSR_??N_", "$_DLATCHSR_??P_", "\\R", assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DLATCHSR_N??_", "$_DLATCHSR_P??_", ID(E), assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DLATCHSR_?N?_", "$_DLATCHSR_?P?_", ID(S), assign_map, invert_map);
+			handle_clkpol_celltype_swap(cell, "$_DLATCHSR_??N_", "$_DLATCHSR_??P_", ID(R), assign_map, invert_map);
 		}
 
 		bool detect_const_and = false;
 		bool detect_const_or = false;
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$reduce_and", "$_AND_"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($_AND_)))
 			detect_const_and = true;
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$and", "$logic_and") && GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort("\\B")) == 1 && !cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool())
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($logic_and)) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))) == 1 && !cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 			detect_const_and = true;
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$reduce_or", "$reduce_bool", "$_OR_"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool), ID($_OR_)))
 			detect_const_or = true;
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$or", "$logic_or") && GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort("\\B")) == 1 && !cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool())
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($or), ID($logic_or)) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))) == 1 && !cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 			detect_const_or = true;
 
 		if (detect_const_and || detect_const_or)
 		{
-			pool<SigBit> input_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A")).to_sigbit_pool();
+			pool<SigBit> input_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))).to_sigbit_pool();
 			bool found_zero = false, found_one = false, found_undef = false, found_inv = false, many_conconst = false;
 			SigBit non_const_input = State::Sm;
 
-			if (cell->hasPort("\\B")) {
-				vector<SigBit> more_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B")).to_sigbit_vector();
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(B))) {
+				vector<SigBit> more_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).to_sigbit_vector();
 				input_bits.insert(more_bits.begin(), more_bits.end());
 			}
 
@@ -495,14 +495,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_bool", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$neg") &&
-				GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y")) == 1)
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($neg)) &&
+				GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))) == 1)
 		{
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_xnor") {
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.reduce_xnor_not");
 				log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with $not cell.\n",
 						log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell->name), log_id(module));
-				cell->type = "$not";
+				cell->type = ID($not);
 				did_something = true;
 			} else {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.unary_buffer");
@@ -513,15 +513,15 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 		if (do_fine)
 		{
-			if (cell->type.in("$not", "$pos", "$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($pos), ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor)))
 				if (group_cell_inputs(module, cell, true, assign_map))
 					goto next_cell;
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$logic_not", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_and", "$reduce_bool"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_not), ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_bool)))
 			{
-				SigBit neutral_bit = cell->type == "$reduce_and" ? State::S1 : State::S0;
+				SigBit neutral_bit = cell->type == ID($reduce_and) ? State::S1 : State::S0;
 
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 				RTLIL::SigSpec new_sig_a;
 
 				for (auto bit : sig_a)
@@ -534,17 +534,17 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine.neutral_A", "$logic_not", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_and", "$reduce_bool", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing port A of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with shorter expression: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_a), log_signal(new_sig_a));
-					cell->setPort("\\A", new_sig_a);
-					cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH") = GetSize(new_sig_a);
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), new_sig_a);
+					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = GetSize(new_sig_a);
 					did_something = true;
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$logic_and", "$logic_or"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)))
 			{
 				SigBit neutral_bit = State::S0;
 
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 				RTLIL::SigSpec new_sig_b;
 
 				for (auto bit : sig_b)
@@ -557,15 +557,15 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine.neutral_B", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing port B of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with shorter expression: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_b), log_signal(new_sig_b));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", new_sig_b);
-					cell->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH") = GetSize(new_sig_b);
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), new_sig_b);
+					cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)) = GetSize(new_sig_b);
 					did_something = true;
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_and")
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 
 				RTLIL::State new_a = RTLIL::State::S1;
 				for (auto &bit : sig_a.to_sigbit_vector())
@@ -583,15 +583,15 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover("opt.opt_expr.fine.$reduce_and");
 					log_debug("Replacing port A of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant driver: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_a), log_signal(new_a));
-					cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a = new_a);
-					cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH") = 1;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a = new_a);
+					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = 1;
 					did_something = true;
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$logic_not", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_bool"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_not), ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 
 				RTLIL::State new_a = RTLIL::State::S0;
 				for (auto &bit : sig_a.to_sigbit_vector())
@@ -609,15 +609,15 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine.A", "$logic_not", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_bool", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing port A of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant driver: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_a), log_signal(new_a));
-					cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a = new_a);
-					cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH") = 1;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a = new_a);
+					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = 1;
 					did_something = true;
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$logic_and", "$logic_or"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
 				RTLIL::State new_b = RTLIL::State::S0;
 				for (auto &bit : sig_b.to_sigbit_vector())
@@ -635,17 +635,17 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine.B", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing port B of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant driver: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_b), log_signal(new_b));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b = new_b);
-					cell->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH") = 1;
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b = new_b);
+					cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)) = 1;
 					did_something = true;
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$add", "$sub")) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
-				bool sub = cell->type == "$sub";
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub))) {
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				bool sub = cell->type == ID($sub);
 
 				int i;
 				for (i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
@@ -658,22 +658,22 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				}
 				if (i > 0) {
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine", "$add", "$sub", cell->type.str());
-					cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y.extract_end(i));
 					cell->fixup_parameters();
 					did_something = true;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$shift", "$shiftx", "$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr",
-					"$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt", "$neg", "$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod", "$pow"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($shift), ID($shiftx), ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr),
+					ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt), ID($neg), ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow)))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->hasPort("\\B") ? assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B")) : RTLIL::SigSpec();
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->hasPort(ID(B)) ? assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))) : RTLIL::SigSpec();
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)))
 				sig_a = RTLIL::SigSpec();
 
 			for (auto &bit : sig_a.to_sigbit_vector())
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		found_the_x_bit:
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.xbit", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx",
 						"$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt", "$neg", "$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod", "$pow", cell->type.str());
-				if (cell->type.in("$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt)))
 					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", "\\Y", RTLIL::State::Sx);
 				else
 					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", "\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx, cell->getPort("\\Y").size()));
@@ -696,36 +696,36 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$_NOT_", "$not", "$logic_not") && cell->getPort("\\Y").size() == 1 &&
-				invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"))) != 0) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) && cell->getPort(ID(Y)).size() == 1 &&
+				invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)))) != 0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.invert.double", "$_NOT_", "$not", "$logic_not", cell->type.str());
 			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "double_invert", "\\Y", invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"))));
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$_MUX_", "$mux") && invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\S"))) != 0) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_MUX_), ID($mux)) && invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)))) != 0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.invert.muxsel", "$_MUX_", "$mux", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Optimizing away select inverter for %s cell `%s' in module `%s'.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = cell->getPort("\\A");
-			cell->setPort("\\A", cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			cell->setPort("\\B", tmp);
-			cell->setPort("\\S", invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\S"))));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), tmp);
+			cell->setPort(ID(S), invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)))));
 			did_something = true;
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_NOT_") {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec input = cell->getPort("\\A");
+		if (cell->type == ID($_NOT_)) {
+			RTLIL::SigSpec input = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.match("1")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			if (input.match("0")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
 			if (input.match("*")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_AND_") {
+		if (cell->type == ID($_AND_)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input;
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
@@ -737,14 +737,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				if (input.match(" *")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 				if (input.match("* ")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			}
-			if (input.match(" 1")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(1, 1));
-			if (input.match("1 ")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(0, 1));
+			if (input.match(" 1")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
+			if (input.match("1 ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(0, 1));
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_OR_") {
+		if (cell->type == ID($_OR_)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input;
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.match(" 1")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
 			if (input.match("1 ")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
@@ -756,14 +756,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				if (input.match(" *")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
 				if (input.match("* ")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
 			}
-			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(1, 1));
-			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(0, 1));
+			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
+			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(0, 1));
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_XOR_") {
+		if (cell->type == ID($_XOR_)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input;
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.match("00")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			if (input.match("01")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
@@ -771,27 +771,27 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			if (input.match("11")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			if (input.match(" *")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
 			if (input.match("* ")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
-			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(1, 1));
-			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(0, 1));
+			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
+			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(0, 1));
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_MUX_") {
+		if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input;
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\S"));
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			input.append(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.extract(2, 1) == input.extract(1, 1))
-				ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(2, 1));
-			if (input.match("  0")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(2, 1));
-			if (input.match("  1")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(1, 1));
-			if (input.match("01 ")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(0, 1));
+				ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(2, 1));
+			if (input.match("  0")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(2, 1));
+			if (input.match("  1")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
+			if (input.match("01 ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(0, 1));
 			if (input.match("10 ")) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.mux_to_inv");
-				cell->type = "$_NOT_";
-				cell->setPort("\\A", input.extract(0, 1));
-				cell->unsetPort("\\B");
-				cell->unsetPort("\\S");
+				cell->type = ID($_NOT_);
+				cell->setPort(ID(A), input.extract(0, 1));
+				cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+				cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 			if (input.match("11 ")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
@@ -800,38 +800,38 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			if (input.match("01*")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
 			if (input.match("10*")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
 			if (mux_undef) {
-				if (input.match("*  ")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(1, 1));
-				if (input.match(" * ")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(2, 1));
-				if (input.match("  *")) ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.extract(2, 1));
+				if (input.match("*  ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
+				if (input.match(" * ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(2, 1));
+				if (input.match("  *")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(2, 1));
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$_TBUF_", "$tribuf")) {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec input = cell->getPort(cell->type == "$_TBUF_" ? "\\E" : "\\EN");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort("\\A");
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf))) {
+			RTLIL::SigSpec input = cell->getPort(cell->type == ID($_TBUF_) ? ID(E) : ID(EN));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			assign_map.apply(a);
 			if (input == State::S1)
-				ACTION_DO("\\Y", cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				ACTION_DO(ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			if (input == State::S0 && !a.is_fully_undef()) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.action_" S__LINE__);
 				log_debug("Replacing data input of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant undef.\n",
 					cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str());
-				cell->setPort("\\A", SigSpec(State::Sx, GetSize(a)));
+				cell->setPort(ID(A), SigSpec(State::Sx, GetSize(a)));
 				did_something = true;
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex)))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort("\\B");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
 
-			if (cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"].as_int() != cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"].as_int()) {
-				int width = max(cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"].as_int(), cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"].as_int());
-				a.extend_u0(width, cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool());
-				b.extend_u0(width, cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool());
+			if (cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)].as_int() != cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)].as_int()) {
+				int width = max(cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)].as_int(), cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)].as_int());
+				a.extend_u0(width, cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool());
+				b.extend_u0(width, cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool());
 			}
 
 			RTLIL::SigSpec new_a, new_b;
@@ -840,8 +840,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(a); i++) {
 				if (a[i].wire == NULL && b[i].wire == NULL && a[i] != b[i] && a[i].data <= RTLIL::State::S1 && b[i].data <= RTLIL::State::S1) {
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.isneq", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", cell->type.str());
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_y = RTLIL::SigSpec(cell->type.in("$eq", "$eqx") ?  RTLIL::State::S0 : RTLIL::State::S1);
-					new_y.extend_u0(cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"].as_int(), false);
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_y = RTLIL::SigSpec(cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx)) ?  RTLIL::State::S0 : RTLIL::State::S1);
+					new_y.extend_u0(cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int(), false);
 					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "isneq", "\\Y", new_y);
 					goto next_cell;
 				}
@@ -853,83 +853,83 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (new_a.size() == 0) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.empty", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", cell->type.str());
-				RTLIL::SigSpec new_y = RTLIL::SigSpec(cell->type.in("$eq", "$eqx") ?  RTLIL::State::S1 : RTLIL::State::S0);
-				new_y.extend_u0(cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"].as_int(), false);
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "empty", "\\Y", new_y);
+				RTLIL::SigSpec new_y = RTLIL::SigSpec(cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx)) ?  RTLIL::State::S1 : RTLIL::State::S0);
+				new_y.extend_u0(cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int(), false);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "empty", ID(Y), new_y);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 
 			if (new_a.size() < a.size() || new_b.size() < b.size()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.resize", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", cell->type.str());
-				cell->setPort("\\A", new_a);
-				cell->setPort("\\B", new_b);
-				cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = new_a.size();
-				cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = new_b.size();
+				cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
+				cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+				cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = new_a.size();
+				cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = new_b.size();
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$eq", "$ne") && cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"].as_int() == 1 &&
-				cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"].as_int() == 1 && cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"].as_int() == 1)
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne)) && cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int() == 1 &&
+				cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)].as_int() == 1 && cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)].as_int() == 1)
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
 			if (a.is_fully_const() && !b.is_fully_const()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.swapconst", "$eq", "$ne", cell->type.str());
-				cell->setPort("\\A", b);
-				cell->setPort("\\B", a);
+				cell->setPort(ID(A), b);
+				cell->setPort(ID(B), a);
 				std::swap(a, b);
 			}
 
 			if (b.is_fully_const()) {
-				if (b.as_bool() == (cell->type == "$eq")) {
+				if (b.as_bool() == (cell->type == ID($eq))) {
 					RTLIL::SigSpec input = b;
-					ACTION_DO("\\Y", cell->getPort("\\A"));
+					ACTION_DO(ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 				} else {
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.isnot", "$eq", "$ne", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with inverter.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-					cell->type = "$not";
-					cell->parameters.erase("\\B_WIDTH");
-					cell->parameters.erase("\\B_SIGNED");
-					cell->unsetPort("\\B");
+					cell->type = ID($not);
+					cell->parameters.erase(ID(B_WIDTH));
+					cell->parameters.erase(ID(B_SIGNED));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
 					did_something = true;
 				}
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$eq", "$ne") &&
-				(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A")).is_fully_zero() || assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B")).is_fully_zero()))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne)) &&
+				(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))).is_fully_zero() || assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).is_fully_zero()))
 		{
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.cmpzero", "$eq", "$ne", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with %s.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell),
 					log_id(module), "$eq" ? "$logic_not" : "$reduce_bool");
-			cell->type = cell->type == "$eq" ? "$logic_not" : "$reduce_bool";
-			if (assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A")).is_fully_zero()) {
-				cell->setPort("\\A", cell->getPort("\\B"));
-				cell->setParam("\\A_SIGNED", cell->getParam("\\B_SIGNED"));
-				cell->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", cell->getParam("\\B_WIDTH"));
+			cell->type = cell->type == ID($eq) ? ID($logic_not) : ID($reduce_bool);
+			if (assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))).is_fully_zero()) {
+				cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				cell->setParam(ID(A_SIGNED), cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)));
+				cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), cell->getParam(ID(B_WIDTH)));
 			}
-			cell->unsetPort("\\B");
-			cell->unsetParam("\\B_SIGNED");
-			cell->unsetParam("\\B_WIDTH");
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+			cell->unsetParam(ID(B_SIGNED));
+			cell->unsetParam(ID(B_WIDTH));
 			did_something = true;
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx") && assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B")).is_fully_const())
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)) && assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).is_fully_const())
 		{
-			bool sign_ext = cell->type == "$sshr" && cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
-			int shift_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B")).as_int(cell->type.in("$shift", "$shiftx") && cell->getParam("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool());
+			bool sign_ext = cell->type == ID($sshr) && cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+			int shift_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).as_int(cell->type.in(ID($shift), ID($shiftx)) && cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$shl", "$sshl"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($sshl)))
 				shift_bits *= -1;
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y(cell->type == "$shiftx" ? RTLIL::State::Sx : RTLIL::State::S0, cell->getParam("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int());
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y(cell->type == ID($shiftx) ? RTLIL::State::Sx : RTLIL::State::S0, cell->getParam(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int());
 
 			if (GetSize(sig_a) < GetSize(sig_y))
-				sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool());
+				sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 				int idx = i + shift_bits;
@@ -942,9 +942,9 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.constshift", "$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx", cell->type.str());
 
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' (B=%s, SHR=%d) in module `%s' with fixed wiring: %s\n",
-					log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_signal(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"))), shift_bits, log_id(module), log_signal(sig_y));
+					log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_signal(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)))), shift_bits, log_id(module), log_signal(sig_y));
 
-			module->connect(cell->getPort("\\Y"), sig_y);
+			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), sig_y);
 			module->remove(cell);
 
 			did_something = true;
@@ -957,41 +957,41 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			bool identity_wrt_b = false;
 			bool arith_inverse = false;
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$add", "$sub", "$or", "$xor"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub), ID($or), ID($xor)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
-				if (cell->type != "$sub" && a.is_fully_const() && a.as_bool() == false)
+				if (cell->type != ID($sub) && a.is_fully_const() && a.as_bool() == false)
 					identity_wrt_b = true;
 
 				if (b.is_fully_const() && b.as_bool() == false)
 					identity_wrt_a = true;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
 				if (b.is_fully_const() && b.as_bool() == false)
 					identity_wrt_a = true;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$mul")
+			if (cell->type == ID($mul))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
-				if (a.is_fully_const() && is_one_or_minus_one(a.as_const(), cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool(), arith_inverse))
+				if (a.is_fully_const() && is_one_or_minus_one(a.as_const(), cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool(), arith_inverse))
 					identity_wrt_b = true;
 				else
-				if (b.is_fully_const() && is_one_or_minus_one(b.as_const(), cell->getParam("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool(), arith_inverse))
+				if (b.is_fully_const() && is_one_or_minus_one(b.as_const(), cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool(), arith_inverse))
 					identity_wrt_a = true;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$div")
+			if (cell->type == ID($div))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
 				if (b.is_fully_const() && b.size() <= 32 && b.as_int() == 1)
 					identity_wrt_a = true;
@@ -1008,15 +1008,15 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), identity_wrt_a ? 'A' : 'B');
 
 				if (!identity_wrt_a) {
-					cell->setPort("\\A", cell->getPort("\\B"));
-					cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH") = cell->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH");
-					cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED") = cell->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED");
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH));
+					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)) = cell->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED));
 				}
 
-				cell->type = arith_inverse ? "$neg" : "$pos";
-				cell->unsetPort("\\B");
-				cell->parameters.erase("\\B_WIDTH");
-				cell->parameters.erase("\\B_SIGNED");
+				cell->type = arith_inverse ? ID($neg) : ID($pos);
+				cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+				cell->parameters.erase(ID(B_WIDTH));
+				cell->parameters.erase(ID(B_SIGNED));
 				cell->check();
 
 				did_something = true;
@@ -1024,91 +1024,91 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (mux_bool && cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_") &&
-				cell->getPort("\\A") == State::S0 && cell->getPort("\\B") == State::S1) {
+		if (mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) &&
+				cell->getPort(ID(A)) == State::S0 && cell->getPort(ID(B)) == State::S1) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_bool", "$mux", "$_MUX_", cell->type.str());
-			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_bool", "\\Y", cell->getPort("\\S"));
+			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_bool", ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (mux_bool && cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_") &&
-				cell->getPort("\\A") == State::S1 && cell->getPort("\\B") == State::S0) {
+		if (mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) &&
+				cell->getPort(ID(A)) == State::S1 && cell->getPort(ID(B)) == State::S0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_invert", "$mux", "$_MUX_", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with inverter.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-			cell->setPort("\\A", cell->getPort("\\S"));
-			cell->unsetPort("\\B");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\S");
-			if (cell->type == "$mux") {
-				Const width = cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"];
-				cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = width;
-				cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = width;
-				cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = 0;
-				cell->parameters.erase("\\WIDTH");
-				cell->type = "$not";
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
+				Const width = cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)];
+				cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = width;
+				cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = width;
+				cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = 0;
+				cell->parameters.erase(ID(WIDTH));
+				cell->type = ID($not);
 			} else
-				cell->type = "$_NOT_";
+				cell->type = ID($_NOT_);
 			did_something = true;
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (consume_x && mux_bool && cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_") && cell->getPort("\\A") == State::S0) {
+		if (consume_x && mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) && cell->getPort(ID(A)) == State::S0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_and", "$mux", "$_MUX_", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with and-gate.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-			cell->setPort("\\A", cell->getPort("\\S"));
-			cell->unsetPort("\\S");
-			if (cell->type == "$mux") {
-				Const width = cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"];
-				cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = width;
-				cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = width;
-				cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = width;
-				cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = 0;
-				cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = 0;
-				cell->parameters.erase("\\WIDTH");
-				cell->type = "$and";
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
+				Const width = cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)];
+				cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = width;
+				cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = width;
+				cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = width;
+				cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = 0;
+				cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = 0;
+				cell->parameters.erase(ID(WIDTH));
+				cell->type = ID($and);
 			} else
-				cell->type = "$_AND_";
+				cell->type = ID($_AND_);
 			did_something = true;
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (consume_x && mux_bool && cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_") && cell->getPort("\\B") == State::S1) {
+		if (consume_x && mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) && cell->getPort(ID(B)) == State::S1) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_or", "$mux", "$_MUX_", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with or-gate.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-			cell->setPort("\\B", cell->getPort("\\S"));
-			cell->unsetPort("\\S");
-			if (cell->type == "$mux") {
-				Const width = cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"];
-				cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = width;
-				cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = width;
-				cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = width;
-				cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = 0;
-				cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = 0;
-				cell->parameters.erase("\\WIDTH");
-				cell->type = "$or";
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
+				Const width = cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)];
+				cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = width;
+				cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = width;
+				cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = width;
+				cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = 0;
+				cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = 0;
+				cell->parameters.erase(ID(WIDTH));
+				cell->type = ID($or);
 			} else
-				cell->type = "$_OR_";
+				cell->type = ID($_OR_);
 			did_something = true;
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (mux_undef && cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux")) {
+		if (mux_undef && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux))) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec new_a, new_b, new_s;
-			int width = cell->getPort("\\A").size();
-			if ((cell->getPort("\\A").is_fully_undef() && cell->getPort("\\B").is_fully_undef()) ||
-					cell->getPort("\\S").is_fully_undef()) {
+			int width = cell->getPort(ID(A)).size();
+			if ((cell->getPort(ID(A)).is_fully_undef() && cell->getPort(ID(B)).is_fully_undef()) ||
+					cell->getPort(ID(S)).is_fully_undef()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_undef", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_undef", "\\Y", cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_undef", ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
-			for (int i = 0; i < cell->getPort("\\S").size(); i++) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec old_b = cell->getPort("\\B").extract(i*width, width);
-				RTLIL::SigSpec old_s = cell->getPort("\\S").extract(i, 1);
+			for (int i = 0; i < cell->getPort(ID(S)).size(); i++) {
+				RTLIL::SigSpec old_b = cell->getPort(ID(B)).extract(i*width, width);
+				RTLIL::SigSpec old_s = cell->getPort(ID(S)).extract(i, 1);
 				if (old_b.is_fully_undef() || old_s.is_fully_undef())
 					continue;
 				new_b.append(old_b);
 				new_s.append(old_s);
 			}
-			new_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
+			new_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 			if (new_a.is_fully_undef() && new_s.size() > 0) {
 				new_a = new_b.extract((new_s.size()-1)*width, width);
 				new_b = new_b.extract(0, (new_s.size()-1)*width);
@@ -1116,27 +1116,27 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 			if (new_s.size() == 0) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_empty", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_empty", "\\Y", new_a);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_empty", ID(Y), new_a);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 			if (new_a == RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::S0) && new_b == RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::S1)) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_sel01", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_sel01", "\\Y", new_s);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_sel01", ID(Y), new_s);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
-			if (cell->getPort("\\S").size() != new_s.size()) {
+			if (cell->getPort(ID(S)).size() != new_s.size()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_reduce", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());
 				log_debug("Optimized away %d select inputs of %s cell `%s' in module `%s'.\n",
-						GetSize(cell->getPort("\\S")) - GetSize(new_s), log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-				cell->setPort("\\A", new_a);
-				cell->setPort("\\B", new_b);
-				cell->setPort("\\S", new_s);
+						GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(S))) - GetSize(new_s), log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
+				cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
+				cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+				cell->setPort(ID(S), new_s);
 				if (new_s.size() > 1) {
-					cell->type = "$pmux";
-					cell->parameters["\\S_WIDTH"] = new_s.size();
+					cell->type = ID($pmux);
+					cell->parameters[ID(S_WIDTH)] = new_s.size();
 				} else {
-					cell->type = "$mux";
-					cell->parameters.erase("\\S_WIDTH");
+					cell->type = ID($mux);
+					cell->parameters.erase(ID(S_WIDTH));
 				}
 				did_something = true;
 			}
@@ -1144,30 +1144,30 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 #define FOLD_1ARG_CELL(_t) \
 		if (cell->type == "$" #_t) { \
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort("\\A"); \
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A)); \
 			assign_map.apply(a); \
 			if (a.is_fully_const()) { \
 				RTLIL::Const dummy_arg(RTLIL::State::S0, 1); \
 				RTLIL::SigSpec y(RTLIL::const_ ## _t(a.as_const(), dummy_arg, \
-						cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool(), false, \
-						cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"].as_int())); \
+						cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool(), false, \
+						cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int())); \
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.const.$" #_t); \
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, stringf("%s", log_signal(a)), "\\Y", y); \
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, stringf("%s", log_signal(a)), ID(Y), y); \
 				goto next_cell; \
 			} \
 		}
 #define FOLD_2ARG_CELL(_t) \
 		if (cell->type == "$" #_t) { \
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort("\\A"); \
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort("\\B"); \
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A)); \
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID(B)); \
 			assign_map.apply(a), assign_map.apply(b); \
 			if (a.is_fully_const() && b.is_fully_const()) { \
 				RTLIL::SigSpec y(RTLIL::const_ ## _t(a.as_const(), b.as_const(), \
-						cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool(), \
-						cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool(), \
-						cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"].as_int())); \
+						cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool(), \
+						cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool(), \
+						cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int())); \
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.const.$" #_t); \
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, stringf("%s, %s", log_signal(a), log_signal(b)), "\\Y", y); \
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, stringf("%s, %s", log_signal(a), log_signal(b)), ID(Y), y); \
 				goto next_cell; \
 			} \
 		}
@@ -1213,25 +1213,25 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		FOLD_1ARG_CELL(neg)
 
 		// be very conservative with optimizing $mux cells as we do not want to break mux trees
-		if (cell->type == "$mux") {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec input = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\S"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec inA = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec inB = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+		if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
+			RTLIL::SigSpec input = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec inA = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec inB = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 			if (input.is_fully_const())
-				ACTION_DO("\\Y", input.as_bool() ? cell->getPort("\\B") : cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.as_bool() ? cell->getPort(ID(B)) : cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			else if (inA == inB)
-				ACTION_DO("\\Y", cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				ACTION_DO(ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 		}
 
-		if (!keepdc && cell->type == "$mul")
+		if (!keepdc && cell->type == ID($mul))
 		{
-			bool a_signed = cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool();
-			bool b_signed = cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool();
+			bool a_signed = cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool();
+			bool b_signed = cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
 			bool swapped_ab = false;
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 			if (sig_b.is_fully_const() && sig_b.size() <= 32)
 				std::swap(sig_a, sig_b), std::swap(a_signed, b_signed), swapped_ab = true;
@@ -1266,9 +1266,9 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 								a_val, cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), i);
 
 						if (!swapped_ab) {
-							cell->setPort("\\A", cell->getPort("\\B"));
-							cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH") = cell->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH");
-							cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED") = cell->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED");
+							cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+							cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH));
+							cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)) = cell->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED));
 						}
 
 						std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> new_b = RTLIL::SigSpec(i, 6);
@@ -1276,10 +1276,10 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 						while (GetSize(new_b) > 1 && new_b.back() == RTLIL::State::S0)
 							new_b.pop_back();
 
-						cell->type = "$shl";
-						cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = GetSize(new_b);
-						cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = false;
-						cell->setPort("\\B", new_b);
+						cell->type = ID($shl);
+						cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(new_b);
+						cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = false;
+						cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
 						cell->check();
 
 						did_something = true;
@@ -1288,11 +1288,11 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (!keepdc && cell->type.in("$div", "$mod"))
+		if (!keepdc && cell->type.in(ID($div), ID($mod)))
 		{
-			bool b_signed = cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool();
-			SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			SigSpec sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+			bool b_signed = cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
+			SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			SigSpec sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 			if (sig_b.is_fully_def() && sig_b.size() <= 32)
 			{
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				for (int i = 1; i < (b_signed ? sig_b.size()-1 : sig_b.size()); i++)
 					if (b_val == (1 << i))
 					{
-						if (cell->type == "$div")
+						if (cell->type == ID($div))
 						{
 							cover("opt.opt_expr.div_shift");
 
@@ -1327,10 +1327,10 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 							while (GetSize(new_b) > 1 && new_b.back() == RTLIL::State::S0)
 								new_b.pop_back();
 
-							cell->type = "$shr";
-							cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = GetSize(new_b);
-							cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = false;
-							cell->setPort("\\B", new_b);
+							cell->type = ID($shr);
+							cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(new_b);
+							cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = false;
+							cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
 							cell->check();
 						}
 						else
@@ -1345,9 +1345,9 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 							if (b_signed)
 								new_b.push_back(State::S0);
 
-							cell->type = "$and";
-							cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = GetSize(new_b);
-							cell->setPort("\\B", new_b);
+							cell->type = ID($and);
+							cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(new_b);
+							cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
 							cell->check();
 						}
 
@@ -1359,7 +1359,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 		// remove redundant pairs of bits in ==, ===, !=, and !==
 		// replace cell with const driver if inputs can't be equal
-		if (do_fine && cell->type.in("$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex"))
+		if (do_fine && cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex)))
 		{
 			pool<pair<SigBit, SigBit>> redundant_cache;
 			mfp<SigBit> contradiction_cache;
@@ -1367,14 +1367,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			contradiction_cache.promote(State::S0);
 			contradiction_cache.promote(State::S1);
 
-			int a_width = cell->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-			int b_width = cell->getParam("\\B_WIDTH").as_int();
+			int a_width = cell->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+			int b_width = cell->getParam(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
-			bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 			int width = is_signed ? std::min(a_width, b_width) : std::max(a_width, b_width);
 
-			SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-			SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
+			SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
 
 			int redundant_bits = 0;
 
@@ -1404,8 +1404,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (contradiction_cache.find(State::S0) == contradiction_cache.find(State::S1))
 			{
-				SigSpec y_sig = cell->getPort("\\Y");
-				Const y_value(cell->type.in("$eq", "$eqx") ? 0 : 1, GetSize(y_sig));
+				SigSpec y_sig = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				Const y_value(cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx)) ? 0 : 1, GetSize(y_sig));
 
 				log_debug("Replacing cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant driver %s.\n",
 					log_id(cell), log_id(module), log_signal(y_value));
@@ -1422,10 +1422,10 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				log_debug("Removed %d redundant input bits from %s cell `%s' in module `%s'.\n",
 						redundant_bits, log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
 
-				cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-				cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b);
-				cell->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", GetSize(sig_a));
-				cell->setParam("\\B_WIDTH", GetSize(sig_b));
+				cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+				cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
+				cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), GetSize(sig_a));
+				cell->setParam(ID(B_WIDTH), GetSize(sig_b));
 
 				did_something = true;
 				goto next_cell;
@@ -1433,57 +1433,57 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		}
 
 		// simplify comparisons
-		if (do_fine && cell->type.in("$lt", "$ge", "$gt", "$le"))
+		if (do_fine && cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($ge), ID($gt), ID($le)))
 		{
 			IdString cmp_type = cell->type;
-			SigSpec var_sig = cell->getPort("\\A");
-			SigSpec const_sig = cell->getPort("\\B");
-			int var_width = cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"].as_int();
-			int const_width = cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"].as_int();
-			bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+			SigSpec var_sig = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			SigSpec const_sig = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			int var_width = cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)].as_int();
+			int const_width = cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)].as_int();
+			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 
 			if (!const_sig.is_fully_const())
 			{
 				std::swap(var_sig, const_sig);
 				std::swap(var_width, const_width);
-				if (cmp_type == "$gt")
-					cmp_type = "$lt";
-				else if (cmp_type == "$lt")
-					cmp_type = "$gt";
-				else if (cmp_type == "$ge")
-					cmp_type = "$le";
-				else if (cmp_type == "$le")
-					cmp_type = "$ge";
+				if (cmp_type == ID($gt))
+					cmp_type = ID($lt);
+				else if (cmp_type == ID($lt))
+					cmp_type = ID($gt);
+				else if (cmp_type == ID($ge))
+					cmp_type = ID($le);
+				else if (cmp_type == ID($le))
+					cmp_type = ID($ge);
 			}
 
 			if (const_sig.is_fully_def() && const_sig.is_fully_const())
 			{
 				std::string condition, replacement;
-				SigSpec replace_sig(State::S0, GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y")));
+				SigSpec replace_sig(State::S0, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
 				bool replace = false;
 				bool remove = false;
 
 				if (!is_signed)
 				{ /* unsigned */
-					if (const_sig.is_fully_zero() && cmp_type == "$lt") {
+					if (const_sig.is_fully_zero() && cmp_type == ID($lt)) {
 						condition   = "unsigned X<0";
 						replacement = "constant 0";
 						replace_sig[0] = State::S0;
 						replace = true;
 					}
-					if (const_sig.is_fully_zero() && cmp_type == "$ge") {
+					if (const_sig.is_fully_zero() && cmp_type == ID($ge)) {
 						condition   = "unsigned X>=0";
 						replacement = "constant 1";
 						replace_sig[0] = State::S1;
 						replace = true;
 					}
-					if (const_width == var_width && const_sig.is_fully_ones() && cmp_type == "$gt") {
+					if (const_width == var_width && const_sig.is_fully_ones() && cmp_type == ID($gt)) {
 						condition   = "unsigned X>~0";
 						replacement = "constant 0";
 						replace_sig[0] = State::S0;
 						replace = true;
 					}
-					if (const_width == var_width && const_sig.is_fully_ones() && cmp_type == "$le") {
+					if (const_width == var_width && const_sig.is_fully_ones() && cmp_type == ID($le)) {
 						condition   = "unsigned X<=~0";
 						replacement = "constant 1";
 						replace_sig[0] = State::S1;
@@ -1498,18 +1498,18 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 							var_high_sig[i - const_bit_hot] = var_sig[i];
 						}
 
-						if (cmp_type == "$lt")
+						if (cmp_type == ID($lt))
 						{
 							condition   = stringf("unsigned X<%s", log_signal(const_sig));
 							replacement = stringf("!X[%d:%d]", var_width - 1, const_bit_hot);
-							module->addLogicNot(NEW_ID, var_high_sig, cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+							module->addLogicNot(NEW_ID, var_high_sig, cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 							remove = true;
 						}
-						if (cmp_type == "$ge")
+						if (cmp_type == ID($ge))
 						{
 							condition   = stringf("unsigned X>=%s", log_signal(const_sig));
 							replacement = stringf("|X[%d:%d]", var_width - 1, const_bit_hot);
-							module->addReduceOr(NEW_ID, var_high_sig, cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+							module->addReduceOr(NEW_ID, var_high_sig, cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 							remove = true;
 						}
 					}
@@ -1518,19 +1518,19 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					if(const_bit_set >= var_width)
 					{
 						string cmp_name;
-						if (cmp_type == "$lt" || cmp_type == "$le")
+						if (cmp_type == ID($lt) || cmp_type == ID($le))
 						{
-							if (cmp_type == "$lt") cmp_name = "<";
-							if (cmp_type == "$le") cmp_name = "<=";
+							if (cmp_type == ID($lt)) cmp_name = "<";
+							if (cmp_type == ID($le)) cmp_name = "<=";
 							condition   = stringf("unsigned X[%d:0]%s%s", var_width - 1, cmp_name.c_str(), log_signal(const_sig));
 							replacement = "constant 1";
 							replace_sig[0] = State::S1;
 							replace = true;
 						}
-						if (cmp_type == "$gt" || cmp_type == "$ge")
+						if (cmp_type == ID($gt) || cmp_type == ID($ge))
 						{
-							if (cmp_type == "$gt") cmp_name = ">";
-							if (cmp_type == "$ge") cmp_name = ">=";
+							if (cmp_type == ID($gt)) cmp_name = ">";
+							if (cmp_type == ID($ge)) cmp_name = ">=";
 							condition   = stringf("unsigned X[%d:0]%s%s", var_width - 1, cmp_name.c_str(), log_signal(const_sig));
 							replacement = "constant 0";
 							replace_sig[0] = State::S0;
@@ -1540,18 +1540,18 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				}
 				else
 				{ /* signed */
-					if (const_sig.is_fully_zero() && cmp_type == "$lt")
+					if (const_sig.is_fully_zero() && cmp_type == ID($lt))
 					{
 						condition   = "signed X<0";
 						replacement = stringf("X[%d]", var_width - 1);
 						replace_sig[0] = var_sig[var_width - 1];
 						replace = true;
 					}
-					if (const_sig.is_fully_zero() && cmp_type == "$ge")
+					if (const_sig.is_fully_zero() && cmp_type == ID($ge))
 					{
 						condition   = "signed X>=0";
 						replacement = stringf("X[%d]", var_width - 1);
-						module->addNot(NEW_ID, var_sig[var_width - 1], cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+						module->addNot(NEW_ID, var_sig[var_width - 1], cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 						remove = true;
 					}
 				}
@@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' (implementing %s) with %s.\n",
 							log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), condition.c_str(), replacement.c_str());
 					if (replace)
-						module->connect(cell->getPort("\\Y"), replace_sig);
+						module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), replace_sig);
 					module->remove(cell);
 					did_something = true;
 					goto next_cell;
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc b/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
index 4c199ba72..e9d72044b 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 
 	bool evaluate_lut(RTLIL::Cell *lut, dict<SigBit, bool> inputs)
 	{
-		SigSpec lut_input = sigmap(lut->getPort("\\A"));
-		int lut_width = lut->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-		Const lut_table = lut->getParam("\\LUT");
+		SigSpec lut_input = sigmap(lut->getPort(ID(A)));
+		int lut_width = lut->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+		Const lut_table = lut->getParam(ID(LUT));
 		int lut_index = 0;
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < lut_width; i++)
@@ -99,16 +99,16 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 		log("Discovering LUTs.\n");
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type == "$lut")
+			if (cell->type == ID($lut))
 			{
 				if (cell->has_keep_attr())
 					continue;
-				SigBit lut_output = cell->getPort("\\Y");
-				if (lut_output.wire->get_bool_attribute("\\keep"))
+				SigBit lut_output = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				if (lut_output.wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 					continue;
 
-				int lut_width = cell->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-				SigSpec lut_input = cell->getPort("\\A");
+				int lut_width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+				SigSpec lut_input = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 				int lut_arity = 0;
 
 				log_debug("Found $lut\\WIDTH=%d cell %s.%s.\n", lut_width, log_id(module), log_id(cell));
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 			}
 
 			auto lut = worklist.pop();
-			SigSpec lut_input = sigmap(lut->getPort("\\A"));
+			SigSpec lut_input = sigmap(lut->getPort(ID(A)));
 			pool<int> &lut_dlogic_inputs = luts_dlogic_inputs[lut];
 
 			vector<SigBit> lut_inputs;
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 					log_debug("  Not eliminating cell (connected to dedicated logic).\n");
 				else
 				{
-					SigSpec lut_output = lut->getPort("\\Y");
+					SigSpec lut_output = lut->getPort(ID(Y));
 					for (auto &port : index.query_ports(lut_output))
 					{
 						if (port.cell != lut && luts.count(port.cell))
@@ -303,13 +303,13 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 			}
 
 			auto lutA = worklist.pop();
-			SigSpec lutA_input = sigmap(lutA->getPort("\\A"));
-			SigSpec lutA_output = sigmap(lutA->getPort("\\Y")[0]);
-			int lutA_width = lutA->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
+			SigSpec lutA_input = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID(A)));
+			SigSpec lutA_output = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID(Y))[0]);
+			int lutA_width = lutA->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 			int lutA_arity = luts_arity[lutA];
 			pool<int> &lutA_dlogic_inputs = luts_dlogic_inputs[lutA];
 
-			auto lutA_output_ports = index.query_ports(lutA->getPort("\\Y"));
+			auto lutA_output_ports = index.query_ports(lutA->getPort(ID(Y)));
 			if (lutA_output_ports.size() != 2)
 				continue;
 
@@ -321,15 +321,15 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 				if (luts.count(port.cell))
 				{
 					auto lutB = port.cell;
-					SigSpec lutB_input = sigmap(lutB->getPort("\\A"));
-					SigSpec lutB_output = sigmap(lutB->getPort("\\Y")[0]);
-					int lutB_width = lutB->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
+					SigSpec lutB_input = sigmap(lutB->getPort(ID(A)));
+					SigSpec lutB_output = sigmap(lutB->getPort(ID(Y))[0]);
+					int lutB_width = lutB->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 					int lutB_arity = luts_arity[lutB];
 					pool<int> &lutB_dlogic_inputs = luts_dlogic_inputs[lutB];
 
 					log_debug("Found %s.%s (cell A) feeding %s.%s (cell B).\n", log_id(module), log_id(lutA), log_id(module), log_id(lutB));
 
-					if (index.query_is_output(lutA->getPort("\\Y")))
+					if (index.query_is_output(lutA->getPort(ID(Y))))
 					{
 						log_debug("  Not combining LUTs (cascade connection feeds module output).\n");
 						continue;
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 						log_debug("  Not combining LUTs into cell A (combined LUT wider than cell A).\n");
 					else if (lutB_dlogic_inputs.size() > 0)
 						log_debug("  Not combining LUTs into cell A (cell B is connected to dedicated logic).\n");
-					else if (lutB->get_bool_attribute("\\lut_keep"))
+					else if (lutB->get_bool_attribute(ID(lut_keep)))
 						log_debug("  Not combining LUTs into cell A (cell B has attribute \\lut_keep).\n");
 					else
 						combine_mask |= COMBINE_A;
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 						log_debug("  Not combining LUTs into cell B (combined LUT wider than cell B).\n");
 					else if (lutA_dlogic_inputs.size() > 0)
 						log_debug("  Not combining LUTs into cell B (cell A is connected to dedicated logic).\n");
-					else if (lutA->get_bool_attribute("\\lut_keep"))
+					else if (lutA->get_bool_attribute(ID(lut_keep)))
 						log_debug("  Not combining LUTs into cell B (cell A has attribute \\lut_keep).\n");
 					else
 						combine_mask |= COMBINE_B;
@@ -440,8 +440,8 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 							lutR_unique.insert(bit);
 					}
 
-					int lutM_width = lutM->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-					SigSpec lutM_input = sigmap(lutM->getPort("\\A"));
+					int lutM_width = lutM->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+					SigSpec lutM_input = sigmap(lutM->getPort(ID(A)));
 					std::vector<SigBit> lutM_new_inputs;
 					for (int i = 0; i < lutM_width; i++)
 					{
@@ -482,13 +482,13 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 						lutM_new_table[eval] = (RTLIL::State) evaluate_lut(lutB, eval_inputs);
 					}
 
-					log_debug("  Cell A truth table: %s.\n", lutA->getParam("\\LUT").as_string().c_str());
-					log_debug("  Cell B truth table: %s.\n", lutB->getParam("\\LUT").as_string().c_str());
+					log_debug("  Cell A truth table: %s.\n", lutA->getParam(ID(LUT)).as_string().c_str());
+					log_debug("  Cell B truth table: %s.\n", lutB->getParam(ID(LUT)).as_string().c_str());
 					log_debug("  Merged truth table: %s.\n", lutM_new_table.as_string().c_str());
 
-					lutM->setParam("\\LUT", lutM_new_table);
-					lutM->setPort("\\A", lutM_new_inputs);
-					lutM->setPort("\\Y", lutB_output);
+					lutM->setParam(ID(LUT), lutM_new_table);
+					lutM->setPort(ID(A), lutM_new_inputs);
+					lutM->setPort(ID(Y), lutB_output);
 
 					luts_arity[lutM] = lutM_arity;
 					luts.erase(lutR);
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_merge.cc b/passes/opt/opt_merge.cc
index cac7c0a6f..aa1a5c75c 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_merge.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_merge.cc
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 
 	static void sort_pmux_conn(dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::SigSpec> &conn)
 	{
-		SigSpec sig_s = conn.at("\\S");
-		SigSpec sig_b = conn.at("\\B");
+		SigSpec sig_s = conn.at(ID(S));
+		SigSpec sig_b = conn.at(ID(B));
 
 		int s_width = GetSize(sig_s);
 		int width = GetSize(sig_b) / s_width;
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 
 		std::sort(sb_pairs.begin(), sb_pairs.end());
 
-		conn["\\S"] = SigSpec();
-		conn["\\B"] = SigSpec();
+		conn[ID(S)] = SigSpec();
+		conn[ID(B)] = SigSpec();
 
 		for (auto &it : sb_pairs) {
-			conn["\\S"].append(it.first);
-			conn["\\B"].append(it.second);
+			conn[ID(S)].append(it.first);
+			conn[ID(B)].append(it.second);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -94,32 +94,32 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 		const dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::SigSpec> *conn = &cell->connections();
 		dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::SigSpec> alt_conn;
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor", "$add", "$mul",
-				"$logic_and", "$logic_or", "$_AND_", "$_OR_", "$_XOR_")) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor), ID($add), ID($mul),
+				ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or), ID($_AND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_XOR_))) {
 			alt_conn = *conn;
-			if (assign_map(alt_conn.at("\\A")) < assign_map(alt_conn.at("\\B"))) {
-				alt_conn["\\A"] = conn->at("\\B");
-				alt_conn["\\B"] = conn->at("\\A");
+			if (assign_map(alt_conn.at(ID(A))) < assign_map(alt_conn.at(ID(B)))) {
+				alt_conn[ID(A)] = conn->at(ID(B));
+				alt_conn[ID(B)] = conn->at(ID(A));
 			}
 			conn = &alt_conn;
 		} else
-		if (cell->type.in("$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor")) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor))) {
 			alt_conn = *conn;
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at("\\A"));
-			alt_conn.at("\\A").sort();
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(A)));
+			alt_conn.at(ID(A)).sort();
 			conn = &alt_conn;
 		} else
-		if (cell->type.in("$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_bool")) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool))) {
 			alt_conn = *conn;
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at("\\A"));
-			alt_conn.at("\\A").sort_and_unify();
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(A)));
+			alt_conn.at(ID(A)).sort_and_unify();
 			conn = &alt_conn;
 		} else
-		if (cell->type == "$pmux") {
+		if (cell->type == ID($pmux)) {
 			alt_conn = *conn;
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at("\\A"));
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at("\\B"));
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at("\\S"));
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(A)));
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(B)));
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(S)));
 			sort_pmux_conn(alt_conn);
 			conn = &alt_conn;
 		}
@@ -189,28 +189,28 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 				assign_map.apply(it.second);
 		}
 
-		if (cell1->type == "$and" || cell1->type == "$or" || cell1->type == "$xor" || cell1->type == "$xnor" || cell1->type == "$add" || cell1->type == "$mul" ||
-				cell1->type == "$logic_and" || cell1->type == "$logic_or" || cell1->type == "$_AND_" || cell1->type == "$_OR_" || cell1->type == "$_XOR_") {
-			if (conn1.at("\\A") < conn1.at("\\B")) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = conn1["\\A"];
-				conn1["\\A"] = conn1["\\B"];
-				conn1["\\B"] = tmp;
+		if (cell1->type == ID($and) || cell1->type == ID($or) || cell1->type == ID($xor) || cell1->type == ID($xnor) || cell1->type == ID($add) || cell1->type == ID($mul) ||
+				cell1->type == ID($logic_and) || cell1->type == ID($logic_or) || cell1->type == ID($_AND_) || cell1->type == ID($_OR_) || cell1->type == ID($_XOR_)) {
+			if (conn1.at(ID(A)) < conn1.at(ID(B))) {
+				RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = conn1[ID(A)];
+				conn1[ID(A)] = conn1[ID(B)];
+				conn1[ID(B)] = tmp;
 			}
-			if (conn2.at("\\A") < conn2.at("\\B")) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = conn2["\\A"];
-				conn2["\\A"] = conn2["\\B"];
-				conn2["\\B"] = tmp;
+			if (conn2.at(ID(A)) < conn2.at(ID(B))) {
+				RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = conn2[ID(A)];
+				conn2[ID(A)] = conn2[ID(B)];
+				conn2[ID(B)] = tmp;
 			}
 		} else
-		if (cell1->type == "$reduce_xor" || cell1->type == "$reduce_xnor") {
-			conn1["\\A"].sort();
-			conn2["\\A"].sort();
+		if (cell1->type == ID($reduce_xor) || cell1->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
+			conn1[ID(A)].sort();
+			conn2[ID(A)].sort();
 		} else
-		if (cell1->type == "$reduce_and" || cell1->type == "$reduce_or" || cell1->type == "$reduce_bool") {
-			conn1["\\A"].sort_and_unify();
-			conn2["\\A"].sort_and_unify();
+		if (cell1->type == ID($reduce_and) || cell1->type == ID($reduce_or) || cell1->type == ID($reduce_bool)) {
+			conn1[ID(A)].sort_and_unify();
+			conn2[ID(A)].sort_and_unify();
 		} else
-		if (cell1->type == "$pmux") {
+		if (cell1->type == ID($pmux)) {
 			sort_pmux_conn(conn1);
 			sort_pmux_conn(conn2);
 		}
@@ -222,9 +222,9 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell1->type.begins_with("$") && conn1.count("\\Q") != 0) {
-			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> q1 = dff_init_map(cell1->getPort("\\Q")).to_sigbit_vector();
-			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> q2 = dff_init_map(cell2->getPort("\\Q")).to_sigbit_vector();
+		if (cell1->type.begins_with("$") && conn1.count(ID(Q)) != 0) {
+			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> q1 = dff_init_map(cell1->getPort(ID(Q))).to_sigbit_vector();
+			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> q2 = dff_init_map(cell2->getPort(ID(Q))).to_sigbit_vector();
 			for (size_t i = 0; i < q1.size(); i++)
 				if ((q1.at(i).wire == NULL || q2.at(i).wire == NULL) && q1.at(i) != q2.at(i)) {
 					lt = q1.at(i) < q2.at(i);
@@ -271,24 +271,24 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 		ct.setup_stdcells_mem();
 
 		if (mode_nomux) {
-			ct.cell_types.erase("$mux");
-			ct.cell_types.erase("$pmux");
+			ct.cell_types.erase(ID($mux));
+			ct.cell_types.erase(ID($pmux));
 		}
 
-		ct.cell_types.erase("$tribuf");
-		ct.cell_types.erase("$_TBUF_");
-		ct.cell_types.erase("$anyseq");
-		ct.cell_types.erase("$anyconst");
-		ct.cell_types.erase("$allseq");
-		ct.cell_types.erase("$allconst");
+		ct.cell_types.erase(ID($tribuf));
+		ct.cell_types.erase(ID($_TBUF_));
+		ct.cell_types.erase(ID($anyseq));
+		ct.cell_types.erase(ID($anyconst));
+		ct.cell_types.erase(ID($allseq));
+		ct.cell_types.erase(ID($allconst));
 
 		log("Finding identical cells in module `%s'.\n", module->name.c_str());
 		assign_map.set(module);
 
 		dff_init_map.set(module);
 		for (auto &it : module->wires_)
-			if (it.second->attributes.count("\\init") != 0) {
-				Const initval = it.second->attributes.at("\\init");
+			if (it.second->attributes.count(ID(init)) != 0) {
+				Const initval = it.second->attributes.at(ID(init));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initval) && i < GetSize(it.second); i++)
 					if (initval[i] == State::S0 || initval[i] == State::S1)
 						dff_init_map.add(SigBit(it.second, i), initval[i]);
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc b/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
index 4b96fe524..61f194569 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
@@ -84,12 +84,12 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 		//	.const_deactivated
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort("\\S");
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(S));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 				muxinfo_t muxinfo;
 				muxinfo.cell = cell;
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 			}
 		}
 		for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
-			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute("\\keep"))
+			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 				for (int idx : sig2bits(RTLIL::SigSpec(wire)))
 					bit2info[idx].seen_non_mux = true;
 		}
@@ -227,10 +227,10 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = mi.cell->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = mi.cell->getPort("\\B");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = mi.cell->getPort("\\S");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = mi.cell->getPort("\\Y");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = mi.cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = mi.cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = mi.cell->getPort(ID(S));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = mi.cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ports = sig_b;
 			sig_ports.append(sig_a);
@@ -255,14 +255,14 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 					}
 				}
 
-				mi.cell->setPort("\\A", new_sig_a);
-				mi.cell->setPort("\\B", new_sig_b);
-				mi.cell->setPort("\\S", new_sig_s);
+				mi.cell->setPort(ID(A), new_sig_a);
+				mi.cell->setPort(ID(B), new_sig_b);
+				mi.cell->setPort(ID(S), new_sig_s);
 				if (GetSize(new_sig_s) == 1) {
-					mi.cell->type = "$mux";
-					mi.cell->parameters.erase("\\S_WIDTH");
+					mi.cell->type = ID($mux);
+					mi.cell->parameters.erase(ID(S_WIDTH));
 				} else {
-					mi.cell->parameters["\\S_WIDTH"] = RTLIL::Const(GetSize(new_sig_s));
+					mi.cell->parameters[ID(S_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(GetSize(new_sig_s));
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -364,9 +364,9 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 
 		int width = 0;
 		idict<int> ctrl_bits;
-		if (portname == "\\B")
-			width = GetSize(muxinfo.cell->getPort("\\A"));
-		for (int bit : sig2bits(muxinfo.cell->getPort("\\S"), false))
+		if (portname == ID(B))
+			width = GetSize(muxinfo.cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+		for (int bit : sig2bits(muxinfo.cell->getPort(ID(S)), false))
 			ctrl_bits(bit);
 
 		int port_idx = 0, port_off = 0;
@@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 
 		// set input ports to constants if we find known active or inactive signals
 		if (do_replace_known) {
-			replace_known(knowledge, muxinfo, "\\A");
-			replace_known(knowledge, muxinfo, "\\B");
+			replace_known(knowledge, muxinfo, ID(A));
+			replace_known(knowledge, muxinfo, ID(B));
 		}
 
 		// if there is a constant activated port we just use it
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc b/passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc
index d99f1ca6a..332e0443e 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			return;
 		cells.erase(cell);
 
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 		pool<RTLIL::SigBit> new_sig_a_bits;
 
 		for (auto &bit : sig_a.to_sigbit_set())
 		{
 			if (bit == RTLIL::State::S0) {
-				if (cell->type == "$reduce_and") {
+				if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and)) {
 					new_sig_a_bits.clear();
 					new_sig_a_bits.insert(RTLIL::State::S0);
 					break;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (bit == RTLIL::State::S1) {
-				if (cell->type == "$reduce_or") {
+				if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or)) {
 					new_sig_a_bits.clear();
 					new_sig_a_bits.insert(RTLIL::State::S1);
 					break;
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			for (auto child_cell : drivers.find(bit)) {
 				if (child_cell->type == cell->type) {
 					opt_reduce(cells, drivers, child_cell);
-					if (child_cell->getPort("\\Y")[0] == bit) {
-						pool<RTLIL::SigBit> child_sig_a_bits = assign_map(child_cell->getPort("\\A")).to_sigbit_pool();
+					if (child_cell->getPort(ID(Y))[0] == bit) {
+						pool<RTLIL::SigBit> child_sig_a_bits = assign_map(child_cell->getPort(ID(A))).to_sigbit_pool();
 						new_sig_a_bits.insert(child_sig_a_bits.begin(), child_sig_a_bits.end());
 					} else
 						new_sig_a_bits.insert(RTLIL::State::S0);
@@ -87,22 +87,22 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec new_sig_a(new_sig_a_bits);
 
-		if (new_sig_a != sig_a || sig_a.size() != cell->getPort("\\A").size()) {
+		if (new_sig_a != sig_a || sig_a.size() != cell->getPort(ID(A)).size()) {
 			log("    New input vector for %s cell %s: %s\n", cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), log_signal(new_sig_a));
 			did_something = true;
 			total_count++;
 		}
 
-		cell->setPort("\\A", new_sig_a);
-		cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_a.size());
+		cell->setPort(ID(A), new_sig_a);
+		cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_a.size());
 		return;
 	}
 
 	void opt_mux(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\S"));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec new_sig_b, new_sig_s;
 		pool<RTLIL::SigSpec> handled_sig;
@@ -123,15 +123,15 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 
 			if (this_s.size() > 1)
 			{
-				RTLIL::Cell *reduce_or_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$reduce_or");
-				reduce_or_cell->setPort("\\A", this_s);
-				reduce_or_cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = RTLIL::Const(0);
-				reduce_or_cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = RTLIL::Const(this_s.size());
-				reduce_or_cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+				RTLIL::Cell *reduce_or_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($reduce_or));
+				reduce_or_cell->setPort(ID(A), this_s);
+				reduce_or_cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = RTLIL::Const(0);
+				reduce_or_cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(this_s.size());
+				reduce_or_cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 
 				RTLIL::Wire *reduce_or_wire = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 				this_s = RTLIL::SigSpec(reduce_or_wire);
-				reduce_or_cell->setPort("\\Y", this_s);
+				reduce_or_cell->setPort(ID(Y), this_s);
 			}
 
 			new_sig_b.append(this_b);
@@ -147,28 +147,28 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 
 		if (new_sig_s.size() == 0)
 		{
-			module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(cell->getPort("\\Y"), cell->getPort("\\A")));
-			assign_map.add(cell->getPort("\\Y"), cell->getPort("\\A"));
+			module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), cell->getPort(ID(A))));
+			assign_map.add(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			module->remove(cell);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			cell->setPort("\\B", new_sig_b);
-			cell->setPort("\\S", new_sig_s);
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), new_sig_b);
+			cell->setPort(ID(S), new_sig_s);
 			if (new_sig_s.size() > 1) {
-				cell->parameters["\\S_WIDTH"] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_s.size());
+				cell->parameters[ID(S_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_s.size());
 			} else {
-				cell->type = "$mux";
-				cell->parameters.erase("\\S_WIDTH");
+				cell->type = ID($mux);
+				cell->parameters.erase(ID(S_WIDTH));
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	void opt_mux_bits(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	{
-		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A")).to_sigbit_vector();
-		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B")).to_sigbit_vector();
-		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y")).to_sigbit_vector();
+		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))).to_sigbit_vector();
+		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).to_sigbit_vector();
+		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))).to_sigbit_vector();
 
 		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> new_sig_y;
 		RTLIL::SigSig old_sig_conn;
@@ -209,29 +209,29 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 		if (new_sig_y.size() != sig_y.size())
 		{
 			log("    Consolidated identical input bits for %s cell %s:\n", cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str());
-			log("      Old ports: A=%s, B=%s, Y=%s\n", log_signal(cell->getPort("\\A")),
-					log_signal(cell->getPort("\\B")), log_signal(cell->getPort("\\Y")));
+			log("      Old ports: A=%s, B=%s, Y=%s\n", log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(A))),
+					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(B))), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
 
-			cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec());
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec());
 			for (auto &in_tuple : consolidated_in_tuples) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
+				RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 				new_a.append(in_tuple.at(0));
-				cell->setPort("\\A", new_a);
+				cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
 			}
 
-			cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec());
-			for (int i = 1; i <= cell->getPort("\\S").size(); i++)
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec());
+			for (int i = 1; i <= cell->getPort(ID(S)).size(); i++)
 				for (auto &in_tuple : consolidated_in_tuples) {
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
 					new_b.append(in_tuple.at(i));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", new_b);
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
 				}
 
-			cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_y.size());
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", new_sig_y);
+			cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_y.size());
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), new_sig_y);
 
-			log("      New ports: A=%s, B=%s, Y=%s\n", log_signal(cell->getPort("\\A")),
-					log_signal(cell->getPort("\\B")), log_signal(cell->getPort("\\Y")));
+			log("      New ports: A=%s, B=%s, Y=%s\n", log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(A))),
+					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(B))), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
 			log("      New connections: %s = %s\n", log_signal(old_sig_conn.first), log_signal(old_sig_conn.second));
 
 			module->connect(old_sig_conn);
@@ -253,15 +253,15 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 		SigPool mem_wren_sigs;
 		for (auto &cell_it : module->cells_) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = cell_it.second;
-			if (cell->type == "$mem")
-				mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\WR_EN")));
-			if (cell->type == "$memwr")
-				mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\EN")));
+			if (cell->type == ID($mem))
+				mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(WR_EN))));
+			if (cell->type == ID($memwr))
+				mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(EN))));
 		}
 		for (auto &cell_it : module->cells_) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = cell_it.second;
-			if (cell->type == "$dff" && mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Q"))))
-				mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\D")));
+			if (cell->type == ID($dff) && mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Q)))))
+				mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(D))));
 		}
 
 		bool keep_expanding_mem_wren_sigs = true;
@@ -269,12 +269,12 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			keep_expanding_mem_wren_sigs = false;
 			for (auto &cell_it : module->cells_) {
 				RTLIL::Cell *cell = cell_it.second;
-				if (cell->type == "$mux" && mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y")))) {
-					if (!mem_wren_sigs.check_all(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"))) ||
-							!mem_wren_sigs.check_all(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"))))
+				if (cell->type == ID($mux) && mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))))) {
+					if (!mem_wren_sigs.check_all(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)))) ||
+							!mem_wren_sigs.check_all(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)))))
 						keep_expanding_mem_wren_sigs = true;
-					mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A")));
-					mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B")));
+					mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))));
+					mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))));
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			// merge trees of reduce_* cells to one single cell and unify input vectors
 			// (only handle reduce_and and reduce_or for various reasons)
 
-			const char *type_list[] = { "$reduce_or", "$reduce_and" };
+			const IdString type_list[] = { ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_and) };
 			for (auto type : type_list)
 			{
 				SigSet<RTLIL::Cell*> drivers;
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = cell_it.second;
 					if (cell->type != type || !design->selected(module, cell))
 						continue;
-					drivers.insert(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y")), cell);
+					drivers.insert(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))), cell);
 					cells.insert(cell);
 				}
 
@@ -311,14 +311,14 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			std::vector<RTLIL::Cell*> cells;
 
 			for (auto &it : module->cells_)
-				if ((it.second->type == "$mux" || it.second->type == "$pmux") && design->selected(module, it.second))
+				if ((it.second->type == ID($mux) || it.second->type == ID($pmux)) && design->selected(module, it.second))
 					cells.push_back(it.second);
 
 			for (auto cell : cells)
 			{
 				// this optimization is to aggressive for most coarse-grain applications.
 				// but we always want it for multiplexers driving write enable ports.
-				if (do_fine || mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"))))
+				if (do_fine || mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))))
 					opt_mux_bits(cell);
 
 				opt_mux(cell);
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc b/passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc
index 8d42a37c3..4ba61e512 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void remove_init_attr(SigSpec sig)
 	for (auto bit : assign_map(sig))
 		if (init_attributes.count(bit))
 			for (auto wbit : init_attributes.at(bit))
-				wbit.wire->attributes.at("\\init")[wbit.offset] = State::Sx;
+				wbit.wire->attributes.at(ID(init))[wbit.offset] = State::Sx;
 }
 
 bool handle_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
@@ -49,17 +49,17 @@ bool handle_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	SigSpec sig_set, sig_clr;
 	State pol_set, pol_clr;
 
-	if (cell->hasPort("\\S"))
-		sig_set = cell->getPort("\\S");
+	if (cell->hasPort(ID(S)))
+		sig_set = cell->getPort(ID(S));
 
-	if (cell->hasPort("\\R"))
-		sig_clr = cell->getPort("\\R");
+	if (cell->hasPort(ID(R)))
+		sig_clr = cell->getPort(ID(R));
 
-	if (cell->hasPort("\\SET"))
-		sig_set = cell->getPort("\\SET");
+	if (cell->hasPort(ID(SET)))
+		sig_set = cell->getPort(ID(SET));
 
-	if (cell->hasPort("\\CLR"))
-		sig_clr = cell->getPort("\\CLR");
+	if (cell->hasPort(ID(CLR)))
+		sig_clr = cell->getPort(ID(CLR));
 
 	log_assert(GetSize(sig_set) == GetSize(sig_clr));
 
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ bool handle_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		pol_set = cell->type[12] == 'P' ? State::S1 : State::S0;
 		pol_clr = cell->type[13] == 'P' ? State::S1 : State::S0;
 	} else
-	if (cell->type.in("$dffsr", "$dlatchsr")) {
-		pol_set = cell->parameters["\\SET_POLARITY"].as_bool() ? State::S1 : State::S0;
-		pol_clr = cell->parameters["\\CLR_POLARITY"].as_bool() ? State::S1 : State::S0;
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($dffsr), ID($dlatchsr))) {
+		pol_set = cell->parameters[ID(SET_POLARITY)].as_bool() ? State::S1 : State::S0;
+		pol_clr = cell->parameters[ID(CLR_POLARITY)].as_bool() ? State::S1 : State::S0;
 	} else
 		log_abort();
 
 	State npol_set = pol_set == State::S0 ? State::S1 : State::S0;
 	State npol_clr = pol_clr == State::S0 ? State::S1 : State::S0;
 
-	SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-	SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+	SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+	SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 	bool did_something = false;
 	bool proper_sr = false;
@@ -137,20 +137,20 @@ bool handle_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$dffsr", "$dlatchsr"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($dffsr), ID($dlatchsr)))
 	{
-		cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", GetSize(sig_d));
-		cell->setPort("\\SET", sig_set);
-		cell->setPort("\\CLR", sig_clr);
-		cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-		cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+		cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), GetSize(sig_d));
+		cell->setPort(ID(SET), sig_set);
+		cell->setPort(ID(CLR), sig_clr);
+		cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+		cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		cell->setPort("\\S", sig_set);
-		cell->setPort("\\R", sig_clr);
-		cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-		cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+		cell->setPort(ID(S), sig_set);
+		cell->setPort(ID(R), sig_clr);
+		cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+		cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	}
 
 	if (proper_sr)
@@ -159,36 +159,36 @@ bool handle_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	if (used_pol_set && used_pol_clr && pol_set != pol_clr)
 		return did_something;
 
-	if (cell->type == "$dlatchsr")
+	if (cell->type == ID($dlatchsr))
 		return did_something;
 
 	State unified_pol = used_pol_set ? pol_set : pol_clr;
 
-	if (cell->type == "$dffsr")
+	if (cell->type == ID($dffsr))
 	{
 		if (hasreset)
 		{
 			log("Converting %s (%s) to %s in module %s.\n", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type), "$adff", log_id(mod));
 
-			cell->type = "$adff";
-			cell->setParam("\\ARST_POLARITY", unified_pol);
-			cell->setParam("\\ARST_VALUE", reset_val);
-			cell->setPort("\\ARST", sig_reset);
+			cell->type = ID($adff);
+			cell->setParam(ID(ARST_POLARITY), unified_pol);
+			cell->setParam(ID(ARST_VALUE), reset_val);
+			cell->setPort(ID(ARST), sig_reset);
 
-			cell->unsetParam("\\SET_POLARITY");
-			cell->unsetParam("\\CLR_POLARITY");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\SET");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\CLR");
+			cell->unsetParam(ID(SET_POLARITY));
+			cell->unsetParam(ID(CLR_POLARITY));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(SET));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(CLR));
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			log("Converting %s (%s) to %s in module %s.\n", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type), "$dff", log_id(mod));
 
-			cell->type = "$dff";
-			cell->unsetParam("\\SET_POLARITY");
-			cell->unsetParam("\\CLR_POLARITY");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\SET");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\CLR");
+			cell->type = ID($dff);
+			cell->unsetParam(ID(SET_POLARITY));
+			cell->unsetParam(ID(CLR_POLARITY));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(SET));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(CLR));
 		}
 
 		return true;
@@ -208,8 +208,8 @@ bool handle_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		log("Converting %s (%s) to %s in module %s.\n", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type), log_id(new_type), log_id(mod));
 
 		cell->type = new_type;
-		cell->unsetPort("\\S");
-		cell->unsetPort("\\R");
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(R));
 
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ bool handle_dlatch(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dlatch)
 	SigSpec sig_e;
 	State on_state, off_state;
 
-	if (dlatch->type == "$dlatch") {
-		sig_e = assign_map(dlatch->getPort("\\EN"));
-		on_state = dlatch->getParam("\\EN_POLARITY").as_bool() ? State::S1 : State::S0;
-		off_state = dlatch->getParam("\\EN_POLARITY").as_bool() ? State::S0 : State::S1;
+	if (dlatch->type == ID($dlatch)) {
+		sig_e = assign_map(dlatch->getPort(ID(EN)));
+		on_state = dlatch->getParam(ID(EN_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? State::S1 : State::S0;
+		off_state = dlatch->getParam(ID(EN_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 	} else
-	if (dlatch->type == "$_DLATCH_P_") {
-		sig_e = assign_map(dlatch->getPort("\\E"));
+	if (dlatch->type == ID($_DLATCH_P_)) {
+		sig_e = assign_map(dlatch->getPort(ID(E)));
 		on_state = State::S1;
 		off_state = State::S0;
 	} else
-	if (dlatch->type == "$_DLATCH_N_") {
-		sig_e = assign_map(dlatch->getPort("\\E"));
+	if (dlatch->type == ID($_DLATCH_N_)) {
+		sig_e = assign_map(dlatch->getPort(ID(E)));
 		on_state = State::S0;
 		off_state = State::S1;
 	} else
@@ -242,15 +242,15 @@ bool handle_dlatch(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dlatch)
 	if (sig_e == off_state)
 	{
 		RTLIL::Const val_init;
-		for (auto bit : dff_init_map(dlatch->getPort("\\Q")))
+		for (auto bit : dff_init_map(dlatch->getPort(ID(Q))))
 			val_init.bits.push_back(bit.wire == NULL ? bit.data : State::Sx);
-		mod->connect(dlatch->getPort("\\Q"), val_init);
+		mod->connect(dlatch->getPort(ID(Q)), val_init);
 		goto delete_dlatch;
 	}
 
 	if (sig_e == on_state)
 	{
-		mod->connect(dlatch->getPort("\\Q"), dlatch->getPort("\\D"));
+		mod->connect(dlatch->getPort(ID(Q)), dlatch->getPort(ID(D)));
 		goto delete_dlatch;
 	}
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ bool handle_dlatch(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dlatch)
 
 delete_dlatch:
 	log("Removing %s (%s) from module %s.\n", log_id(dlatch), log_id(dlatch->type), log_id(mod));
-	remove_init_attr(dlatch->getPort("\\Q"));
+	remove_init_attr(dlatch->getPort(ID(Q)));
 	mod->remove(dlatch);
 	return true;
 }
@@ -268,24 +268,24 @@ bool handle_dff(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dff)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, sig_q, sig_c, sig_r, sig_e;
 	RTLIL::Const val_cp, val_rp, val_rv, val_ep;
 
-	if (dff->type == "$_FF_") {
-		sig_d = dff->getPort("\\D");
-		sig_q = dff->getPort("\\Q");
+	if (dff->type == ID($_FF_)) {
+		sig_d = dff->getPort(ID(D));
+		sig_q = dff->getPort(ID(Q));
 	}
-	else if (dff->type == "$_DFF_N_" || dff->type == "$_DFF_P_") {
-		sig_d = dff->getPort("\\D");
-		sig_q = dff->getPort("\\Q");
-		sig_c = dff->getPort("\\C");
-		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->type == "$_DFF_P_", 1);
+	else if (dff->type == ID($_DFF_N_) || dff->type == ID($_DFF_P_)) {
+		sig_d = dff->getPort(ID(D));
+		sig_q = dff->getPort(ID(Q));
+		sig_c = dff->getPort(ID(C));
+		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->type == ID($_DFF_P_), 1);
 	}
 	else if (dff->type.begins_with("$_DFF_") && dff->type.compare(9, 1, "_") == 0 &&
 			(dff->type[6] == 'N' || dff->type[6] == 'P') &&
 			(dff->type[7] == 'N' || dff->type[7] == 'P') &&
 			(dff->type[8] == '0' || dff->type[8] == '1')) {
-		sig_d = dff->getPort("\\D");
-		sig_q = dff->getPort("\\Q");
-		sig_c = dff->getPort("\\C");
-		sig_r = dff->getPort("\\R");
+		sig_d = dff->getPort(ID(D));
+		sig_q = dff->getPort(ID(Q));
+		sig_c = dff->getPort(ID(C));
+		sig_r = dff->getPort(ID(R));
 		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->type[6] == 'P', 1);
 		val_rp = RTLIL::Const(dff->type[7] == 'P', 1);
 		val_rv = RTLIL::Const(dff->type[8] == '1', 1);
@@ -293,39 +293,39 @@ bool handle_dff(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dff)
 	else if (dff->type.begins_with("$_DFFE_") && dff->type.compare(9, 1, "_") == 0 &&
 			(dff->type[7] == 'N' || dff->type[7] == 'P') &&
 			(dff->type[8] == 'N' || dff->type[8] == 'P')) {
-		sig_d = dff->getPort("\\D");
-		sig_q = dff->getPort("\\Q");
-		sig_c = dff->getPort("\\C");
-		sig_e = dff->getPort("\\E");
+		sig_d = dff->getPort(ID(D));
+		sig_q = dff->getPort(ID(Q));
+		sig_c = dff->getPort(ID(C));
+		sig_e = dff->getPort(ID(E));
 		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->type[7] == 'P', 1);
 		val_ep = RTLIL::Const(dff->type[8] == 'P', 1);
 	}
-	else if (dff->type == "$ff") {
-		sig_d = dff->getPort("\\D");
-		sig_q = dff->getPort("\\Q");
+	else if (dff->type == ID($ff)) {
+		sig_d = dff->getPort(ID(D));
+		sig_q = dff->getPort(ID(Q));
 	}
-	else if (dff->type == "$dff") {
-		sig_d = dff->getPort("\\D");
-		sig_q = dff->getPort("\\Q");
-		sig_c = dff->getPort("\\CLK");
-		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters["\\CLK_POLARITY"].as_bool(), 1);
+	else if (dff->type == ID($dff)) {
+		sig_d = dff->getPort(ID(D));
+		sig_q = dff->getPort(ID(Q));
+		sig_c = dff->getPort(ID(CLK));
+		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters[ID(CLK_POLARITY)].as_bool(), 1);
 	}
-	else if (dff->type == "$dffe") {
-		sig_e = dff->getPort("\\EN");
-		sig_d = dff->getPort("\\D");
-		sig_q = dff->getPort("\\Q");
-		sig_c = dff->getPort("\\CLK");
-		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters["\\CLK_POLARITY"].as_bool(), 1);
-		val_ep = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters["\\EN_POLARITY"].as_bool(), 1);
+	else if (dff->type == ID($dffe)) {
+		sig_e = dff->getPort(ID(EN));
+		sig_d = dff->getPort(ID(D));
+		sig_q = dff->getPort(ID(Q));
+		sig_c = dff->getPort(ID(CLK));
+		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters[ID(CLK_POLARITY)].as_bool(), 1);
+		val_ep = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters[ID(EN_POLARITY)].as_bool(), 1);
 	}
-	else if (dff->type == "$adff") {
-		sig_d = dff->getPort("\\D");
-		sig_q = dff->getPort("\\Q");
-		sig_c = dff->getPort("\\CLK");
-		sig_r = dff->getPort("\\ARST");
-		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters["\\CLK_POLARITY"].as_bool(), 1);
-		val_rp = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters["\\ARST_POLARITY"].as_bool(), 1);
-		val_rv = dff->parameters["\\ARST_VALUE"];
+	else if (dff->type == ID($adff)) {
+		sig_d = dff->getPort(ID(D));
+		sig_q = dff->getPort(ID(Q));
+		sig_c = dff->getPort(ID(CLK));
+		sig_r = dff->getPort(ID(ARST));
+		val_cp = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters[ID(CLK_POLARITY)].as_bool(), 1);
+		val_rp = RTLIL::Const(dff->parameters[ID(ARST_POLARITY)].as_bool(), 1);
+		val_rv = dff->parameters[ID(ARST_VALUE)];
 	}
 	else
 		log_abort();
@@ -343,12 +343,12 @@ bool handle_dff(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dff)
 		val_init.bits.push_back(bit.wire == NULL ? bit.data : RTLIL::State::Sx);
 	}
 
-	if (dff->type.in("$ff", "$dff") && mux_drivers.has(sig_d)) {
+	if (dff->type.in(ID($ff), ID($dff)) && mux_drivers.has(sig_d)) {
 		std::set<RTLIL::Cell*> muxes;
 		mux_drivers.find(sig_d, muxes);
 		for (auto mux : muxes) {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(mux->getPort("\\A"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(mux->getPort("\\B"));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(mux->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(mux->getPort(ID(B)));
 			if (sig_a == sig_q && sig_b.is_fully_const() && (!has_init || val_init == sig_b.as_const())) {
 				mod->connect(sig_q, sig_b);
 				goto delete_dff;
@@ -420,17 +420,17 @@ bool handle_dff(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dff)
 
 		log("Removing unused reset from %s (%s) from module %s.\n", log_id(dff), log_id(dff->type), log_id(mod));
 
-		if (dff->type == "$adff") {
-			dff->type = "$dff";
-			dff->unsetPort("\\ARST");
-			dff->unsetParam("\\ARST_POLARITY");
-			dff->unsetParam("\\ARST_VALUE");
+		if (dff->type == ID($adff)) {
+			dff->type = ID($dff);
+			dff->unsetPort(ID(ARST));
+			dff->unsetParam(ID(ARST_POLARITY));
+			dff->unsetParam(ID(ARST_VALUE));
 			return true;
 		}
 
 		log_assert(dff->type.begins_with("$_DFF_"));
 		dff->type = stringf("$_DFF_%c_", + dff->type[6]);
-		dff->unsetPort("\\R");
+		dff->unsetPort(ID(R));
 	}
 
 	// If enable signal is present, and is fully constant
@@ -445,16 +445,16 @@ bool handle_dff(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dff)
 
 		log("Removing unused enable from %s (%s) from module %s.\n", log_id(dff), log_id(dff->type), log_id(mod));
 
-		if (dff->type == "$dffe") {
-			dff->type = "$dff";
-			dff->unsetPort("\\EN");
-			dff->unsetParam("\\EN_POLARITY");
+		if (dff->type == ID($dffe)) {
+			dff->type = ID($dff);
+			dff->unsetPort(ID(EN));
+			dff->unsetParam(ID(EN_POLARITY));
 			return true;
 		}
 
 		log_assert(dff->type.begins_with("$_DFFE_"));
 		dff->type = stringf("$_DFF_%c_", + dff->type[7]);
-		dff->unsetPort("\\E");
+		dff->unsetPort(ID(E));
 	}
 
 	if (sat && has_init && (!sig_r.size() || val_init == val_rv))
@@ -509,9 +509,9 @@ bool handle_dff(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dff)
 				log("Setting constant %d-bit at position %d on %s (%s) from module %s.\n", sigbit_init_val ? 1 : 0,
 						position, log_id(dff), log_id(dff->type), log_id(mod));
 
-				SigSpec tmp = dff->getPort("\\D");
+				SigSpec tmp = dff->getPort(ID(D));
 				tmp[position] = sigbit_init_val;
-				dff->setPort("\\D", tmp);
+				dff->setPort(ID(D), tmp);
 
 				removed_sigbits = true;
 			}
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ bool handle_dff(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dff)
 
 delete_dff:
 	log("Removing %s (%s) from module %s.\n", log_id(dff), log_id(dff->type), log_id(mod));
-	remove_init_attr(dff->getPort("\\Q"));
+	remove_init_attr(dff->getPort(ID(Q)));
 	mod->remove(dff);
 
 	for (auto &entry : bit2driver)
@@ -588,8 +588,8 @@ struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
 
 			for (auto wire : module->wires())
 			{
-				if (wire->attributes.count("\\init") != 0) {
-					Const initval = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init)) != 0) {
+					Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 					for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initval) && i < GetSize(wire); i++)
 						if (initval[i] == State::S0 || initval[i] == State::S1)
 							dff_init_map.add(SigBit(wire, i), initval[i]);
@@ -624,29 +624,29 @@ struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
 						}
 				}
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux")) {
-					if (cell->getPort("\\A").size() == cell->getPort("\\B").size())
-						mux_drivers.insert(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y")), cell);
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux))) {
+					if (cell->getPort(ID(A)).size() == cell->getPort(ID(B)).size())
+						mux_drivers.insert(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))), cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				if (!design->selected(module, cell))
 					continue;
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$_DFFSR_NNN_", "$_DFFSR_NNP_", "$_DFFSR_NPN_", "$_DFFSR_NPP_",
-						"$_DFFSR_PNN_", "$_DFFSR_PNP_", "$_DFFSR_PPN_", "$_DFFSR_PPP_", "$dffsr",
-						"$_DLATCHSR_NNN_", "$_DLATCHSR_NNP_", "$_DLATCHSR_NPN_", "$_DLATCHSR_NPP_",
-						"$_DLATCHSR_PNN_", "$_DLATCHSR_PNP_", "$_DLATCHSR_PPN_", "$_DLATCHSR_PPP_", "$dlatchsr"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFSR_NNN_), ID($_DFFSR_NNP_), ID($_DFFSR_NPN_), ID($_DFFSR_NPP_),
+						ID($_DFFSR_PNN_), ID($_DFFSR_PNP_), ID($_DFFSR_PPN_), ID($_DFFSR_PPP_), ID($dffsr),
+						ID($_DLATCHSR_NNN_), ID($_DLATCHSR_NNP_), ID($_DLATCHSR_NPN_), ID($_DLATCHSR_NPP_),
+						ID($_DLATCHSR_PNN_), ID($_DLATCHSR_PNP_), ID($_DLATCHSR_PPN_), ID($_DLATCHSR_PPP_), ID($dlatchsr)))
 					dffsr_list.push_back(cell->name);
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$_FF_", "$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_",
-						"$_DFF_NN0_", "$_DFF_NN1_", "$_DFF_NP0_", "$_DFF_NP1_",
-						"$_DFF_PN0_", "$_DFF_PN1_", "$_DFF_PP0_", "$_DFF_PP1_",
-						"$_DFFE_NN_", "$_DFFE_NP_", "$_DFFE_PN_", "$_DFFE_PP_",
-						"$ff", "$dff", "$dffe", "$adff"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($_FF_), ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_),
+						ID($_DFF_NN0_), ID($_DFF_NN1_), ID($_DFF_NP0_), ID($_DFF_NP1_),
+						ID($_DFF_PN0_), ID($_DFF_PN1_), ID($_DFF_PP0_), ID($_DFF_PP1_),
+						ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_),
+						ID($ff), ID($dff), ID($dffe), ID($adff)))
 					dff_list.push_back(cell->name);
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$dlatch", "$_DLATCH_P_", "$_DLATCH_N_"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($dlatch), ID($_DLATCH_P_), ID($_DLATCH_N_)))
 					dlatch_list.push_back(cell->name);
 			}
 
diff --git a/passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc b/passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc
index 65d8b8f32..3e34bfbbd 100644
--- a/passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct OnehotDatabase
 
 		for (auto wire : module->wires())
 		{
-			auto it = wire->attributes.find("\\init");
+			auto it = wire->attributes.find(ID(init));
 			if (it == wire->attributes.end())
 				continue;
 
@@ -63,19 +63,19 @@ struct OnehotDatabase
 			vector<SigSpec> inputs;
 			SigSpec output;
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$adff", "$dff", "$dffe", "$dlatch", "$ff"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($adff), ID($dff), ID($dffe), ID($dlatch), ID($ff)))
 			{
-				output = cell->getPort("\\Q");
-				if (cell->type == "$adff")
-					inputs.push_back(cell->getParam("\\ARST_VALUE"));
-				inputs.push_back(cell->getPort("\\D"));
+				output = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
+				if (cell->type == ID($adff))
+					inputs.push_back(cell->getParam(ID(ARST_VALUE)));
+				inputs.push_back(cell->getPort(ID(D)));
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)))
 			{
-				output = cell->getPort("\\Y");
-				inputs.push_back(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				SigSpec B = cell->getPort("\\B");
+				output = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				inputs.push_back(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				SigSpec B = cell->getPort(ID(B));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(B); i += GetSize(output))
 					inputs.push_back(B.extract(i, GetSize(output)));
 			}
@@ -292,23 +292,23 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 
 			for (auto cell : module->cells())
 			{
-				if (cell->type == "$eq")
+				if (cell->type == ID($eq))
 				{
 					dict<SigBit, State> bits;
 
-					SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-					SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+					SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+					SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
-					int a_width = cell->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-					int b_width = cell->getParam("\\B_WIDTH").as_int();
+					int a_width = cell->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+					int b_width = cell->getParam(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
 					if (a_width < b_width) {
-						bool a_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_int();
+						bool a_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_int();
 						A.extend_u0(b_width, a_signed);
 					}
 
 					if (b_width < a_width) {
-						bool b_signed = cell->getParam("\\B_SIGNED").as_int();
+						bool b_signed = cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_int();
 						B.extend_u0(a_width, b_signed);
 					}
 
@@ -335,15 +335,15 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 						entry.second.bits.push_back(it.second);
 					}
 
-					eqdb[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y")[0])] = entry;
+					eqdb[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y))[0])] = entry;
 					goto next_cell;
 				}
 
-				if (cell->type == "$logic_not")
+				if (cell->type == ID($logic_not))
 				{
 					dict<SigBit, State> bits;
 
-					SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+					SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 
 					for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(A); i++)
 						bits[A[i]] = State::S0;
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 						entry.second.bits.push_back(it.second);
 					}
 
-					eqdb[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y")[0])] = entry;
+					eqdb[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y))[0])] = entry;
 					goto next_cell;
 				}
 		next_cell:;
@@ -364,11 +364,11 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 
 			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 			{
-				if (cell->type != "$pmux")
+				if (cell->type != ID($pmux))
 					continue;
 
 				string src = cell->get_src_attribute();
-				int width = cell->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
+				int width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 				int width_bits = ceil_log2(width);
 				int extwidth = width;
 
@@ -377,9 +377,9 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 
 				dict<SigSpec, pool<int>> seldb;
 
-				SigSpec A = cell->getPort("\\A");
-				SigSpec B = cell->getPort("\\B");
-				SigSpec S = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\S"));
+				SigSpec A = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+				SigSpec B = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+				SigSpec S = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(S); i++)
 				{
 					if (!eqdb.count(S[i]))
@@ -400,8 +400,8 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 					log("  data width: %d (next power-of-2 = %d, log2 = %d)\n", width, extwidth, width_bits);
 				}
 
-				SigSpec updated_S = cell->getPort("\\S");
-				SigSpec updated_B = cell->getPort("\\B");
+				SigSpec updated_S = cell->getPort(ID(S));
+				SigSpec updated_B = cell->getPort(ID(B));
 
 				while (!seldb.empty())
 				{
@@ -727,9 +727,9 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 				}
 
 				// update $pmux cell
-				cell->setPort("\\S", updated_S);
-				cell->setPort("\\B", updated_B);
-				cell->setParam("\\S_WIDTH", GetSize(updated_S));
+				cell->setPort(ID(S), updated_S);
+				cell->setPort(ID(B), updated_B);
+				cell->setParam(ID(S_WIDTH), GetSize(updated_S));
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -779,22 +779,22 @@ struct OnehotPass : public Pass {
 
 			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 			{
-				if (cell->type != "$eq")
+				if (cell->type != ID($eq))
 					continue;
 
-				SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
-				int a_width = cell->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int b_width = cell->getParam("\\B_WIDTH").as_int();
+				int a_width = cell->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int b_width = cell->getParam(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
 				if (a_width < b_width) {
-					bool a_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_int();
+					bool a_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_int();
 					A.extend_u0(b_width, a_signed);
 				}
 
 				if (b_width < a_width) {
-					bool b_signed = cell->getParam("\\B_SIGNED").as_int();
+					bool b_signed = cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_int();
 					B.extend_u0(a_width, b_signed);
 				}
 
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ struct OnehotPass : public Pass {
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				SigSpec Y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+				SigSpec Y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 				if (not_onehot)
 				{
diff --git a/passes/opt/share.cc b/passes/opt/share.cc
index 7f66f749f..84290bb97 100644
--- a/passes/opt/share.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/share.cc
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			queue_bits.clear();
 
 			for (auto &pbit : portbits) {
-				if (pbit.cell->type == "$mux" || pbit.cell->type == "$pmux") {
-					pool<RTLIL::SigBit> bits = modwalker.sigmap(pbit.cell->getPort("\\S")).to_sigbit_pool();
+				if (pbit.cell->type == ID($mux) || pbit.cell->type == ID($pmux)) {
+					pool<RTLIL::SigBit> bits = modwalker.sigmap(pbit.cell->getPort(ID(S))).to_sigbit_pool();
 					terminal_bits.insert(bits.begin(), bits.end());
 					queue_bits.insert(bits.begin(), bits.end());
 					visited_cells.insert(pbit.cell);
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ struct ShareWorker
 	static int bits_macc(RTLIL::Cell *c)
 	{
 		Macc m(c);
-		int width = GetSize(c->getPort("\\Y"));
+		int width = GetSize(c->getPort(ID(Y)));
 		return bits_macc(m, width);
 	}
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ struct ShareWorker
 	{
 		Macc m1(c1), m2(c2), supermacc;
 
-		int w1 = GetSize(c1->getPort("\\Y")), w2 = GetSize(c2->getPort("\\Y"));
+		int w1 = GetSize(c1->getPort(ID(Y))), w2 = GetSize(c2->getPort(ID(Y)));
 		int width = max(w1, w2);
 
 		m1.optimize(w1);
@@ -328,11 +328,11 @@ struct ShareWorker
 		{
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 
-			supercell_aux->insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, sig_y, c1->getPort("\\Y")));
-			supercell_aux->insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, sig_y, c2->getPort("\\Y")));
+			supercell_aux->insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, sig_y, c1->getPort(ID(Y))));
+			supercell_aux->insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, sig_y, c2->getPort(ID(Y))));
 
-			supercell->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", width);
-			supercell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+			supercell->setParam(ID(Y_WIDTH), width);
+			supercell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 
 			supermacc.optimize(width);
 			supermacc.to_cell(supercell);
@@ -368,22 +368,22 @@ struct ShareWorker
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$memrd") {
-				if (cell->parameters.at("\\CLK_ENABLE").as_bool())
+			if (cell->type == ID($memrd)) {
+				if (cell->parameters.at(ID(CLK_ENABLE)).as_bool())
 					continue;
-				if (config.opt_aggressive || !modwalker.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\ADDR")).is_fully_const())
+				if (config.opt_aggressive || !modwalker.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(ADDR))).is_fully_const())
 					shareable_cells.insert(cell);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$mul", "$div", "$mod")) {
-				if (config.opt_aggressive || cell->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int() >= 4)
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod))) {
+				if (config.opt_aggressive || cell->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int() >= 4)
 					shareable_cells.insert(cell);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr")) {
-				if (config.opt_aggressive || cell->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int() >= 8)
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr))) {
+				if (config.opt_aggressive || cell->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int() >= 8)
 					shareable_cells.insert(cell);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -401,9 +401,9 @@ struct ShareWorker
 		if (c1->type != c2->type)
 			return false;
 
-		if (c1->type == "$memrd")
+		if (c1->type == ID($memrd))
 		{
-			if (c1->parameters.at("\\MEMID").decode_string() != c2->parameters.at("\\MEMID").decode_string())
+			if (c1->parameters.at(ID(MEMID)).decode_string() != c2->parameters.at(ID(MEMID)).decode_string())
 				return false;
 
 			return true;
@@ -413,11 +413,11 @@ struct ShareWorker
 		{
 			if (!config.opt_aggressive)
 			{
-				int a1_width = c1->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int y1_width = c1->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
+				int a1_width = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int y1_width = c1->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
-				int a2_width = c2->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int y2_width = c2->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
+				int a2_width = c2->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int y2_width = c2->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
 				if (max(a1_width, a2_width) > 2 * min(a1_width, a2_width)) return false;
 				if (max(y1_width, y2_width) > 2 * min(y1_width, y2_width)) return false;
@@ -426,17 +426,17 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (config.generic_bin_ops.count(c1->type) || c1->type == "$alu")
+		if (config.generic_bin_ops.count(c1->type) || c1->type == ID($alu))
 		{
 			if (!config.opt_aggressive)
 			{
-				int a1_width = c1->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int b1_width = c1->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int y1_width = c1->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
+				int a1_width = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int b1_width = c1->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int y1_width = c1->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
-				int a2_width = c2->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int b2_width = c2->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int y2_width = c2->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
+				int a2_width = c2->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int b2_width = c2->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int y2_width = c2->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
 				if (max(a1_width, a2_width) > 2 * min(a1_width, a2_width)) return false;
 				if (max(b1_width, b2_width) > 2 * min(b1_width, b2_width)) return false;
@@ -450,13 +450,13 @@ struct ShareWorker
 		{
 			if (!config.opt_aggressive)
 			{
-				int a1_width = c1->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int b1_width = c1->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int y1_width = c1->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
+				int a1_width = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int b1_width = c1->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int y1_width = c1->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
-				int a2_width = c2->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int b2_width = c2->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int();
-				int y2_width = c2->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
+				int a2_width = c2->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int b2_width = c2->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
+				int y2_width = c2->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int();
 
 				int min1_width = min(a1_width, b1_width);
 				int max1_width = max(a1_width, b1_width);
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (c1->type == "$macc")
+		if (c1->type == ID($macc))
 		{
 			if (!config.opt_aggressive)
 				if (share_macc(c1, c2) > 2 * min(bits_macc(c1), bits_macc(c2))) return false;
@@ -510,27 +510,27 @@ struct ShareWorker
 
 		if (config.generic_uni_ops.count(c1->type))
 		{
-			if (c1->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool() != c2->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool())
+			if (c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() != c2->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 			{
-				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
-				if (unsigned_cell->getPort("\\A").to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
-					unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH") = unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int() + 1;
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = unsigned_cell->getPort("\\A");
+				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
+				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(A)).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
+					unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int() + 1;
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(A));
 					new_a.append_bit(RTLIL::State::S0);
-					unsigned_cell->setPort("\\A", new_a);
+					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
 				}
-				unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED") = true;
+				unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)) = true;
 				unsigned_cell->check();
 			}
 
-			bool a_signed = c1->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
-			log_assert(a_signed == c2->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool());
+			bool a_signed = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+			log_assert(a_signed == c2->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a1 = c1->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y1 = c1->getPort("\\Y");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a1 = c1->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y1 = c1->getPort(ID(Y));
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a2 = c2->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y2 = c2->getPort("\\Y");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a2 = c2->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y2 = c2->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 			int a_width = max(a1.size(), a2.size());
 			int y_width = max(y1.size(), y2.size());
@@ -544,11 +544,11 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			RTLIL::Wire *y = module->addWire(NEW_ID, y_width);
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *supercell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, c1->type);
-			supercell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = a_signed;
-			supercell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = a_width;
-			supercell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = y_width;
-			supercell->setPort("\\A", a);
-			supercell->setPort("\\Y", y);
+			supercell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = a_signed;
+			supercell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = a_width;
+			supercell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = y_width;
+			supercell->setPort(ID(A), a);
+			supercell->setPort(ID(Y), y);
 
 			supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, y, y1));
 			supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, y, y2));
@@ -557,54 +557,54 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			return supercell;
 		}
 
-		if (config.generic_bin_ops.count(c1->type) || config.generic_cbin_ops.count(c1->type) || c1->type == "$alu")
+		if (config.generic_bin_ops.count(c1->type) || config.generic_cbin_ops.count(c1->type) || c1->type == ID($alu))
 		{
 			bool modified_src_cells = false;
 
 			if (config.generic_cbin_ops.count(c1->type))
 			{
-				int score_unflipped = max(c1->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int(), c2->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int()) +
-						max(c1->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int(), c2->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int());
+				int score_unflipped = max(c1->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int(), c2->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int()) +
+						max(c1->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int(), c2->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int());
 
-				int score_flipped = max(c1->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int(), c2->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int()) +
-						max(c1->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int(), c2->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int());
+				int score_flipped = max(c1->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int(), c2->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int()) +
+						max(c1->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int(), c2->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int());
 
 				if (score_flipped < score_unflipped)
 				{
-					RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = c2->getPort("\\A");
-					c2->setPort("\\A", c2->getPort("\\B"));
-					c2->setPort("\\B", tmp);
+					RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = c2->getPort(ID(A));
+					c2->setPort(ID(A), c2->getPort(ID(B)));
+					c2->setPort(ID(B), tmp);
 
-					std::swap(c2->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH"), c2->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH"));
-					std::swap(c2->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED"), c2->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED"));
+					std::swap(c2->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)), c2->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+					std::swap(c2->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)), c2->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)));
 					modified_src_cells = true;
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (c1->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool() != c2->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool())
+			if (c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() != c2->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 
 			{
-				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
-				if (unsigned_cell->getPort("\\A").to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
-					unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH") = unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\A_WIDTH").as_int() + 1;
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = unsigned_cell->getPort("\\A");
+				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
+				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(A)).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
+					unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int() + 1;
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(A));
 					new_a.append_bit(RTLIL::State::S0);
-					unsigned_cell->setPort("\\A", new_a);
+					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
 				}
-				unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED") = true;
+				unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)) = true;
 				modified_src_cells = true;
 			}
 
-			if (c1->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool() != c2->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool())
+			if (c1->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool() != c2->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 			{
-				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
-				if (unsigned_cell->getPort("\\B").to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
-					unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH") = unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\B_WIDTH").as_int() + 1;
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_b = unsigned_cell->getPort("\\B");
+				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
+				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(B)).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
+					unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)) = unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int() + 1;
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_b = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(B));
 					new_b.append_bit(RTLIL::State::S0);
-					unsigned_cell->setPort("\\B", new_b);
+					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
 				}
-				unsigned_cell->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED") = true;
+				unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)) = true;
 				modified_src_cells = true;
 			}
 
@@ -613,28 +613,28 @@ struct ShareWorker
 				c2->check();
 			}
 
-			bool a_signed = c1->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
-			bool b_signed = c1->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool();
+			bool a_signed = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+			bool b_signed = c1->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 
-			log_assert(a_signed == c2->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool());
-			log_assert(b_signed == c2->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool());
+			log_assert(a_signed == c2->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
+			log_assert(b_signed == c2->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
-			if (c1->type == "$shl" || c1->type == "$shr" || c1->type == "$sshl" || c1->type == "$sshr")
+			if (c1->type == ID($shl) || c1->type == ID($shr) || c1->type == ID($sshl) || c1->type == ID($sshr))
 				b_signed = false;
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a1 = c1->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b1 = c1->getPort("\\B");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y1 = c1->getPort("\\Y");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a1 = c1->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b1 = c1->getPort(ID(B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y1 = c1->getPort(ID(Y));
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a2 = c2->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b2 = c2->getPort("\\B");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y2 = c2->getPort("\\Y");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a2 = c2->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b2 = c2->getPort(ID(B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y2 = c2->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 			int a_width = max(a1.size(), a2.size());
 			int b_width = max(b1.size(), b2.size());
 			int y_width = max(y1.size(), y2.size());
 
-			if (c1->type == "$shr" && a_signed)
+			if (c1->type == ID($shr) && a_signed)
 			{
 				a_width = max(y_width, a_width);
 
@@ -660,43 +660,43 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			supercell_aux.insert(module->addMux(NEW_ID, b2, b1, act, b));
 
 			RTLIL::Wire *y = module->addWire(NEW_ID, y_width);
-			RTLIL::Wire *x = c1->type == "$alu" ? module->addWire(NEW_ID, y_width) : nullptr;
-			RTLIL::Wire *co = c1->type == "$alu" ? module->addWire(NEW_ID, y_width) : nullptr;
+			RTLIL::Wire *x = c1->type == ID($alu) ? module->addWire(NEW_ID, y_width) : nullptr;
+			RTLIL::Wire *co = c1->type == ID($alu) ? module->addWire(NEW_ID, y_width) : nullptr;
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *supercell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, c1->type);
-			supercell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = a_signed;
-			supercell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = b_signed;
-			supercell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = a_width;
-			supercell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = b_width;
-			supercell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = y_width;
-			supercell->setPort("\\A", a);
-			supercell->setPort("\\B", b);
-			supercell->setPort("\\Y", y);
-			if (c1->type == "$alu") {
+			supercell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = a_signed;
+			supercell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = b_signed;
+			supercell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = a_width;
+			supercell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = b_width;
+			supercell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = y_width;
+			supercell->setPort(ID(A), a);
+			supercell->setPort(ID(B), b);
+			supercell->setPort(ID(Y), y);
+			if (c1->type == ID($alu)) {
 				RTLIL::Wire *ci = module->addWire(NEW_ID), *bi = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
-				supercell_aux.insert(module->addMux(NEW_ID, c2->getPort("\\CI"), c1->getPort("\\CI"), act, ci));
-				supercell_aux.insert(module->addMux(NEW_ID, c2->getPort("\\BI"), c1->getPort("\\BI"), act, bi));
-				supercell->setPort("\\CI", ci);
-				supercell->setPort("\\BI", bi);
-				supercell->setPort("\\CO", co);
-				supercell->setPort("\\X", x);
+				supercell_aux.insert(module->addMux(NEW_ID, c2->getPort(ID(CI)), c1->getPort(ID(CI)), act, ci));
+				supercell_aux.insert(module->addMux(NEW_ID, c2->getPort(ID(BI)), c1->getPort(ID(BI)), act, bi));
+				supercell->setPort(ID(CI), ci);
+				supercell->setPort(ID(BI), bi);
+				supercell->setPort(ID(CO), co);
+				supercell->setPort(ID(X), x);
 			}
 			supercell->check();
 
 			supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, y, y1));
 			supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, y, y2));
-			if (c1->type == "$alu") {
-				supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, co, c1->getPort("\\CO")));
-				supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, co, c2->getPort("\\CO")));
-				supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, x, c1->getPort("\\X")));
-				supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, x, c2->getPort("\\X")));
+			if (c1->type == ID($alu)) {
+				supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, co, c1->getPort(ID(CO))));
+				supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, co, c2->getPort(ID(CO))));
+				supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, x, c1->getPort(ID(X))));
+				supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, x, c2->getPort(ID(X))));
 			}
 
 			supercell_aux.insert(supercell);
 			return supercell;
 		}
 
-		if (c1->type == "$macc")
+		if (c1->type == ID($macc))
 		{
 			RTLIL::Cell *supercell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, c1->type);
 			supercell_aux.insert(supercell);
@@ -705,18 +705,18 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			return supercell;
 		}
 
-		if (c1->type == "$memrd")
+		if (c1->type == ID($memrd))
 		{
 			RTLIL::Cell *supercell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, c1);
-			RTLIL::SigSpec addr1 = c1->getPort("\\ADDR");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec addr2 = c2->getPort("\\ADDR");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec addr1 = c1->getPort(ID(ADDR));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec addr2 = c2->getPort(ID(ADDR));
 			if (GetSize(addr1) < GetSize(addr2))
 				addr1.extend_u0(GetSize(addr2));
 			else
 				addr2.extend_u0(GetSize(addr1));
-			supercell->setPort("\\ADDR", addr1 != addr2 ? module->Mux(NEW_ID, addr2, addr1, act) : addr1);
-			supercell->parameters["\\ABITS"] = RTLIL::Const(GetSize(addr1));
-			supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, supercell->getPort("\\DATA"), c2->getPort("\\DATA")));
+			supercell->setPort(ID(ADDR), addr1 != addr2 ? module->Mux(NEW_ID, addr2, addr1, act) : addr1);
+			supercell->parameters[ID(ABITS)] = RTLIL::Const(GetSize(addr1));
+			supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, supercell->getPort(ID(DATA)), c2->getPort(ID(DATA))));
 			supercell_aux.insert(supercell);
 			return supercell;
 		}
@@ -747,8 +747,8 @@ struct ShareWorker
 		modwalker.get_consumers(pbits, modwalker.cell_outputs[cell]);
 
 		for (auto &bit : pbits) {
-			if ((bit.cell->type == "$mux" || bit.cell->type == "$pmux") && bit.port == "\\S")
-				forbidden_controls_cache[cell].insert(bit.cell->getPort("\\S").extract(bit.offset, 1));
+			if ((bit.cell->type == ID($mux) || bit.cell->type == ID($pmux)) && bit.port == ID(S))
+				forbidden_controls_cache[cell].insert(bit.cell->getPort(ID(S)).extract(bit.offset, 1));
 			consumer_cells.insert(bit.cell);
 		}
 
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			}
 			for (auto &pbit : modwalker.signal_consumers[bit]) {
 				log_assert(fwd_ct.cell_known(pbit.cell->type));
-				if ((pbit.cell->type == "$mux" || pbit.cell->type == "$pmux") && (pbit.port == "\\A" || pbit.port == "\\B"))
+				if ((pbit.cell->type == ID($mux) || pbit.cell->type == ID($pmux)) && (pbit.port == ID(A) || pbit.port == ID(B)))
 					driven_data_muxes.insert(pbit.cell);
 				else
 					driven_cells.insert(pbit.cell);
@@ -890,10 +890,10 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			bool used_in_a = false;
 			std::set<int> used_in_b_parts;
 
-			int width = c->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_a = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort("\\A"));
-			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_b = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort("\\B"));
-			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_s = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort("\\S"));
+			int width = c->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_a = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort(ID(A)));
+			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_b = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort(ID(B)));
+			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_s = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort(ID(S)));
 
 			for (auto &bit : sig_a)
 				if (cell_out_bits.count(bit))
@@ -1132,14 +1132,14 @@ struct ShareWorker
 		fwd_ct.setup_internals();
 
 		cone_ct.setup_internals();
-		cone_ct.cell_types.erase("$mul");
-		cone_ct.cell_types.erase("$mod");
-		cone_ct.cell_types.erase("$div");
-		cone_ct.cell_types.erase("$pow");
-		cone_ct.cell_types.erase("$shl");
-		cone_ct.cell_types.erase("$shr");
-		cone_ct.cell_types.erase("$sshl");
-		cone_ct.cell_types.erase("$sshr");
+		cone_ct.cell_types.erase(ID($mul));
+		cone_ct.cell_types.erase(ID($mod));
+		cone_ct.cell_types.erase(ID($div));
+		cone_ct.cell_types.erase(ID($pow));
+		cone_ct.cell_types.erase(ID($shl));
+		cone_ct.cell_types.erase(ID($shr));
+		cone_ct.cell_types.erase(ID($sshl));
+		cone_ct.cell_types.erase(ID($sshr));
 
 		modwalker.setup(design, module);
 
@@ -1153,9 +1153,9 @@ struct ShareWorker
 				GetSize(shareable_cells), log_id(module));
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
-			if (cell->type == "$pmux")
-				for (auto bit : cell->getPort("\\S"))
-				for (auto other_bit : cell->getPort("\\S"))
+			if (cell->type == ID($pmux))
+				for (auto bit : cell->getPort(ID(S)))
+				for (auto other_bit : cell->getPort(ID(S)))
 					if (bit < other_bit)
 						exclusive_ctrls.push_back(std::pair<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::SigBit>(bit, other_bit));
 
@@ -1466,43 +1466,43 @@ struct SharePass : public Pass {
 		config.opt_aggressive = false;
 		config.opt_fast = false;
 
-		config.generic_uni_ops.insert("$not");
-		// config.generic_uni_ops.insert("$pos");
-		config.generic_uni_ops.insert("$neg");
+		config.generic_uni_ops.insert(ID($not));
+		// config.generic_uni_ops.insert(ID($pos));
+		config.generic_uni_ops.insert(ID($neg));
 
-		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert("$and");
-		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert("$or");
-		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert("$xor");
-		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert("$xnor");
+		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert(ID($and));
+		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert(ID($or));
+		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert(ID($xor));
+		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert(ID($xnor));
 
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$shl");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$shr");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$sshl");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$sshr");
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($shl));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($shr));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($sshl));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($sshr));
 
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$lt");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$le");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$eq");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$ne");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$eqx");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$nex");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$ge");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$gt");
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($lt));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($le));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($eq));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($ne));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($eqx));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($nex));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($ge));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($gt));
 
-		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert("$add");
-		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert("$mul");
+		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert(ID($add));
+		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert(ID($mul));
 
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$sub");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$div");
-		config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$mod");
-		// config.generic_bin_ops.insert("$pow");
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($sub));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($div));
+		config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($mod));
+		// config.generic_bin_ops.insert(ID($pow));
 
-		config.generic_uni_ops.insert("$logic_not");
-		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert("$logic_and");
-		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert("$logic_or");
+		config.generic_uni_ops.insert(ID($logic_not));
+		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert(ID($logic_and));
+		config.generic_cbin_ops.insert(ID($logic_or));
 
-		config.generic_other_ops.insert("$alu");
-		config.generic_other_ops.insert("$macc");
+		config.generic_other_ops.insert(ID($alu));
+		config.generic_other_ops.insert(ID($macc));
 
 		log_header(design, "Executing SHARE pass (SAT-based resource sharing).\n");
 
diff --git a/passes/opt/wreduce.cc b/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
index 1eeca2748..ca0be54d2 100644
--- a/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ struct WreduceConfig
 	WreduceConfig()
 	{
 		supported_cell_types = pool<IdString>({
-			"$not", "$pos", "$neg",
-			"$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor",
-			"$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx",
-			"$lt", "$le", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", "$ge", "$gt",
-			"$add", "$sub", "$mul", // "$div", "$mod", "$pow",
-			"$mux", "$pmux",
-			"$dff", "$adff"
+			ID($not), ID($pos), ID($neg),
+			ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor),
+			ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx),
+			ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt),
+			ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), // ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow),
+			ID($mux), ID($pmux),
+			ID($dff), ID($adff)
 		});
 	}
 };
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 	{
 		// Reduce size of MUX if inputs agree on a value for a bit or a output bit is unused
 
-		SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-		SigSpec sig_b = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-		SigSpec sig_s = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\S"));
-		SigSpec sig_y = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+		SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+		SigSpec sig_b = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+		SigSpec sig_s = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+		SigSpec sig_y = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 		std::vector<SigBit> bits_removed;
 
 		if (sig_y.has_const())
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		for (auto bit : new_work_queue_bits)
 			work_queue_bits.insert(bit);
 
-		cell->setPort("\\A", new_sig_a);
-		cell->setPort("\\B", new_sig_b);
-		cell->setPort("\\Y", new_sig_y);
+		cell->setPort(ID(A), new_sig_a);
+		cell->setPort(ID(B), new_sig_b);
+		cell->setPort(ID(Y), new_sig_y);
 		cell->fixup_parameters();
 
 		module->connect(sig_y.extract(n_kept, n_removed), sig_removed);
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 	{
 		// Reduce size of FF if inputs are just sign/zero extended or output bit is not used
 
-		SigSpec sig_d = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\D"));
-		SigSpec sig_q = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Q"));
+		SigSpec sig_d = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(D)));
+		SigSpec sig_q = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Q)));
 		Const initval;
 
 		int width_before = GetSize(sig_q);
@@ -214,14 +214,14 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 			work_queue_bits.insert(bit);
 
 		// Narrow ARST_VALUE parameter to new size.
-		if (cell->parameters.count("\\ARST_VALUE")) {
-			Const arst_value = cell->getParam("\\ARST_VALUE");
+		if (cell->parameters.count(ID(ARST_VALUE))) {
+			Const arst_value = cell->getParam(ID(ARST_VALUE));
 			arst_value.bits.resize(GetSize(sig_q));
-			cell->setParam("\\ARST_VALUE", arst_value);
+			cell->setParam(ID(ARST_VALUE), arst_value);
 		}
 
-		cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-		cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+		cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+		cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 		cell->fixup_parameters();
 	}
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		port_signed = cell->getParam(stringf("\\%c_SIGNED", port)).as_bool();
 		SigSpec sig = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(stringf("\\%c", port)));
 
-		if (port == 'B' && cell->type.in("$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr"))
+		if (port == 'B' && cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr)))
 			port_signed = false;
 
 		int bits_removed = 0;
@@ -264,13 +264,13 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		if (!cell->type.in(config->supported_cell_types))
 			return;
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)))
 			return run_cell_mux(cell);
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$dff", "$adff"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($dff), ID($adff)))
 			return run_cell_dff(cell);
 
-		SigSpec sig = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+		SigSpec sig = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 		if (sig.has_const())
 			return;
@@ -278,10 +278,10 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 
 		// Reduce size of ports A and B based on constant input bits and size of output port
 
-		int max_port_a_size = cell->hasPort("\\A") ? GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")) : -1;
-		int max_port_b_size = cell->hasPort("\\B") ? GetSize(cell->getPort("\\B")) : -1;
+		int max_port_a_size = cell->hasPort(ID(A)) ? GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) : -1;
+		int max_port_b_size = cell->hasPort(ID(B)) ? GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))) : -1;
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$not", "$pos", "$neg", "$and", "$or", "$xor", "$add", "$sub")) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($pos), ID($neg), ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($add), ID($sub))) {
 			max_port_a_size = min(max_port_a_size, GetSize(sig));
 			max_port_b_size = min(max_port_b_size, GetSize(sig));
 		}
@@ -289,32 +289,32 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		bool port_a_signed = false;
 		bool port_b_signed = false;
 
-		if (max_port_a_size >= 0 && cell->type != "$shiftx")
+		if (max_port_a_size >= 0 && cell->type != ID($shiftx))
 			run_reduce_inport(cell, 'A', max_port_a_size, port_a_signed, did_something);
 
 		if (max_port_b_size >= 0)
 			run_reduce_inport(cell, 'B', max_port_b_size, port_b_signed, did_something);
 
-		if (cell->hasPort("\\A") && cell->hasPort("\\B") && port_a_signed && port_b_signed) {
-			SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A")), sig_b = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID(A)) && cell->hasPort(ID(B)) && port_a_signed && port_b_signed) {
+			SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A))), sig_b = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 			if (GetSize(sig_a) > 0 && sig_a[GetSize(sig_a)-1] == State::S0 &&
 					GetSize(sig_b) > 0 && sig_b[GetSize(sig_b)-1] == State::S0) {
 				log("Converting cell %s.%s (%s) from signed to unsigned.\n",
 						log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
-				cell->setParam("\\A_SIGNED", 0);
-				cell->setParam("\\B_SIGNED", 0);
+				cell->setParam(ID(A_SIGNED), 0);
+				cell->setParam(ID(B_SIGNED), 0);
 				port_a_signed = false;
 				port_b_signed = false;
 				did_something = true;
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->hasPort("\\A") && !cell->hasPort("\\B") && port_a_signed) {
-			SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID(A)) && !cell->hasPort(ID(B)) && port_a_signed) {
+			SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			if (GetSize(sig_a) > 0 && sig_a[GetSize(sig_a)-1] == State::S0) {
 				log("Converting cell %s.%s (%s) from signed to unsigned.\n",
 						log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
-				cell->setParam("\\A_SIGNED", 0);
+				cell->setParam(ID(A_SIGNED), 0);
 				port_a_signed = false;
 				did_something = true;
 			}
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		// Reduce size of port Y based on sizes for A and B and unused bits in Y
 
 		int bits_removed = 0;
-		if (port_a_signed && cell->type == "$shr") {
+		if (port_a_signed && cell->type == ID($shr)) {
 			// do not reduce size of output on $shr cells with signed A inputs
 		} else {
 			while (GetSize(sig) > 0)
@@ -342,20 +342,20 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$pos", "$add", "$mul", "$and", "$or", "$xor", "$sub"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($add), ID($mul), ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($sub)))
 		{
-			bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool() || cell->type == "$sub";
+			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() || cell->type == ID($sub);
 
 			int a_size = 0, b_size = 0;
-			if (cell->hasPort("\\A")) a_size = GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			if (cell->hasPort("\\B")) b_size = GetSize(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(A))) a_size = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(B))) b_size = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
 			int max_y_size = max(a_size, b_size);
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$add", "$sub"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub)))
 				max_y_size++;
 
-			if (cell->type == "$mul")
+			if (cell->type == ID($mul))
 				max_y_size = a_size + b_size;
 
 			while (GetSize(sig) > 1 && GetSize(sig) > max_y_size) {
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		if (bits_removed) {
 			log("Removed top %d bits (of %d) from port Y of cell %s.%s (%s).\n",
 					bits_removed, GetSize(sig) + bits_removed, log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", sig);
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
 			did_something = true;
 		}
 
@@ -387,8 +387,8 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 	static int count_nontrivial_wire_attrs(RTLIL::Wire *w)
 	{
 		int count = w->attributes.size();
-		count -= w->attributes.count("\\src");
-		count -= w->attributes.count("\\unused_bits");
+		count -= w->attributes.count(ID(src));
+		count -= w->attributes.count(ID(unused_bits));
 		return count;
 	}
 
@@ -398,11 +398,11 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		SigMap init_attr_sigmap = mi.sigmap;
 
 		for (auto w : module->wires()) {
-			if (w->get_bool_attribute("\\keep"))
+			if (w->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 				for (auto bit : mi.sigmap(w))
 					keep_bits.insert(bit);
-			if (w->attributes.count("\\init")) {
-				Const initval = w->attributes.at("\\init");
+			if (w->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
+				Const initval = w->attributes.at(ID(init));
 				SigSpec initsig = init_attr_sigmap(w);
 				int width = std::min(GetSize(initval), GetSize(initsig));
 				for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
@@ -459,8 +459,8 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 
 		if (!remove_init_bits.empty()) {
 			for (auto w : module->wires()) {
-				if (w->attributes.count("\\init")) {
-					Const initval = w->attributes.at("\\init");
+				if (w->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
+					Const initval = w->attributes.at(ID(init));
 					Const new_initval(State::Sx, GetSize(w));
 					SigSpec initsig = init_attr_sigmap(w);
 					int width = std::min(GetSize(initval), GetSize(initsig));
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 						if (!remove_init_bits.count(initsig[i]))
 							new_initval[i] = initval[i];
 					}
-					w->attributes.at("\\init") = new_initval;
+					w->attributes.at(ID(init)) = new_initval;
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -528,23 +528,23 @@ struct WreducePass : public Pass {
 
 			for (auto c : module->selected_cells())
 			{
-				if (c->type.in("$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$reduce_bool",
-						"$lt", "$le", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", "$ge", "$gt",
-						"$logic_not", "$logic_and", "$logic_or") && GetSize(c->getPort("\\Y")) > 1) {
-					SigSpec sig = c->getPort("\\Y");
+				if (c->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool),
+						ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt),
+						ID($logic_not), ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)) && GetSize(c->getPort(ID(Y))) > 1) {
+					SigSpec sig = c->getPort(ID(Y));
 					if (!sig.has_const()) {
-						c->setPort("\\Y", sig[0]);
-						c->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", 1);
+						c->setPort(ID(Y), sig[0]);
+						c->setParam(ID(Y_WIDTH), 1);
 						sig.remove(0);
 						module->connect(sig, Const(0, GetSize(sig)));
 					}
 				}
 
-				if (c->type.in("$div", "$mod", "$pow"))
+				if (c->type.in(ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow)))
 				{
-					SigSpec A = c->getPort("\\A");
+					SigSpec A = c->getPort(ID(A));
 					int original_a_width = GetSize(A);
-					if (c->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool()) {
+					if (c->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool()) {
 						while (GetSize(A) > 1 && A[GetSize(A)-1] == State::S0 && A[GetSize(A)-2] == State::S0)
 							A.remove(GetSize(A)-1, 1);
 					} else {
@@ -554,13 +554,13 @@ struct WreducePass : public Pass {
 					if (original_a_width != GetSize(A)) {
 						log("Removed top %d bits (of %d) from port A of cell %s.%s (%s).\n",
 								original_a_width-GetSize(A), original_a_width, log_id(module), log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
-						c->setPort("\\A", A);
-						c->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", GetSize(A));
+						c->setPort(ID(A), A);
+						c->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), GetSize(A));
 					}
 
-					SigSpec B = c->getPort("\\B");
+					SigSpec B = c->getPort(ID(B));
 					int original_b_width = GetSize(B);
-					if (c->getParam("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool()) {
+					if (c->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool()) {
 						while (GetSize(B) > 1 && B[GetSize(B)-1] == State::S0 && B[GetSize(B)-2] == State::S0)
 							B.remove(GetSize(B)-1, 1);
 					} else {
@@ -570,24 +570,24 @@ struct WreducePass : public Pass {
 					if (original_b_width != GetSize(B)) {
 						log("Removed top %d bits (of %d) from port B of cell %s.%s (%s).\n",
 								original_b_width-GetSize(B), original_b_width, log_id(module), log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
-						c->setPort("\\B", B);
-						c->setParam("\\B_WIDTH", GetSize(B));
+						c->setPort(ID(B), B);
+						c->setParam(ID(B_WIDTH), GetSize(B));
 					}
 				}
 
-				if (!opt_memx && c->type.in("$memrd", "$memwr", "$meminit")) {
-					IdString memid = c->getParam("\\MEMID").decode_string();
+				if (!opt_memx && c->type.in(ID($memrd), ID($memwr), ID($meminit))) {
+					IdString memid = c->getParam(ID(MEMID)).decode_string();
 					RTLIL::Memory *mem = module->memories.at(memid);
 					if (mem->start_offset >= 0) {
-						int cur_addrbits = c->getParam("\\ABITS").as_int();
+						int cur_addrbits = c->getParam(ID(ABITS)).as_int();
 						int max_addrbits = ceil_log2(mem->start_offset + mem->size);
 						if (cur_addrbits > max_addrbits) {
 							log("Removed top %d address bits (of %d) from memory %s port %s.%s (%s).\n",
 									cur_addrbits-max_addrbits, cur_addrbits,
-									c->type == "$memrd" ? "read" : c->type == "$memwr" ? "write" : "init",
+									c->type == ID($memrd) ? "read" : c->type == ID($memwr) ? "write" : "init",
 									log_id(module), log_id(c), log_id(memid));
-							c->setParam("\\ABITS", max_addrbits);
-							c->setPort("\\ADDR", c->getPort("\\ADDR").extract(0, max_addrbits));
+							c->setParam(ID(ABITS), max_addrbits);
+							c->setPort(ID(ADDR), c->getPort(ID(ADDR)).extract(0, max_addrbits));
 						}
 					}
 				}

From 8222c5735e3b31fc2a7507abe607bb5aa9f863de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2019 11:41:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 044/197] More improvements and cleanups in IdString subsystem

- better use of "inline" keyword
- deprecate "sticky" IDs feature
- improve handling of empty ID
- add move constructor

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 kernel/rtlil.cc |  2 ++
 kernel/rtlil.h  | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 kernel/yosys.cc |  7 ----
 3 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rtlil.cc b/kernel/rtlil.cc
index fade0bc36..91b6a1d30 100644
--- a/kernel/rtlil.cc
+++ b/kernel/rtlil.cc
@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ std::vector<int> RTLIL::IdString::global_refcount_storage_;
 std::vector<char*> RTLIL::IdString::global_id_storage_;
 dict<char*, int, hash_cstr_ops> RTLIL::IdString::global_id_index_;
 std::vector<int> RTLIL::IdString::global_free_idx_list_;
+#ifdef YOSYS_USE_STICKY_IDS
 int RTLIL::IdString::last_created_idx_[8];
 int RTLIL::IdString::last_created_idx_ptr_;
+#endif
 
 RTLIL::Const::Const()
 {
diff --git a/kernel/rtlil.h b/kernel/rtlil.h
index 37b5f984c..e771655d7 100644
--- a/kernel/rtlil.h
+++ b/kernel/rtlil.h
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ namespace RTLIL
 	{
 		#undef YOSYS_XTRACE_GET_PUT
 		#undef YOSYS_SORT_ID_FREE_LIST
+		#undef YOSYS_USE_STICKY_IDS
 
 		// the global id string cache
 
@@ -92,8 +93,10 @@ namespace RTLIL
 		static dict<char*, int, hash_cstr_ops> global_id_index_;
 		static std::vector<int> global_free_idx_list_;
 
+	#ifdef YOSYS_USE_STICKY_IDS
 		static int last_created_idx_ptr_;
 		static int last_created_idx_[8];
+	#endif
 
 		static inline void xtrace_db_dump()
 		{
@@ -110,12 +113,14 @@ namespace RTLIL
 
 		static inline void checkpoint()
 		{
+		#ifdef YOSYS_USE_STICKY_IDS
 			last_created_idx_ptr_ = 0;
 			for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 				if (last_created_idx_[i])
 					put_reference(last_created_idx_[i]);
 				last_created_idx_[i] = 0;
 			}
+		#endif
 		#ifdef YOSYS_SORT_ID_FREE_LIST
 			std::sort(global_free_idx_list_.begin(), global_free_idx_list_.end(), std::greater<int>());
 		#endif
@@ -123,36 +128,42 @@ namespace RTLIL
 
 		static inline int get_reference(int idx)
 		{
-			global_refcount_storage_.at(idx)++;
+			if (idx) {
+				global_refcount_storage_[idx]++;
 		#ifdef YOSYS_XTRACE_GET_PUT
-			if (yosys_xtrace) {
-				log("#X# GET-BY-INDEX '%s' (index %d, refcount %d)\n", global_id_storage_.at(idx), idx, global_refcount_storage_.at(idx));
-			}
+				if (yosys_xtrace)
+					log("#X# GET-BY-INDEX '%s' (index %d, refcount %d)\n", global_id_storage_.at(idx), idx, global_refcount_storage_.at(idx));
 		#endif
+			}
 			return idx;
 		}
 
-		static inline int get_reference(const char *p)
+		static int get_reference(const char *p)
 		{
 			log_assert(destruct_guard.ok);
 
-			if (p[0]) {
-				log_assert(p[1] != 0);
-				log_assert(p[0] == '$' || p[0] == '\\');
-			}
+			if (!p[0])
+				return 0;
+
+			log_assert(p[0] == '$' || p[0] == '\\');
+			log_assert(p[1] != 0);
 
 			auto it = global_id_index_.find((char*)p);
 			if (it != global_id_index_.end()) {
 				global_refcount_storage_.at(it->second)++;
 		#ifdef YOSYS_XTRACE_GET_PUT
-				if (yosys_xtrace) {
+				if (yosys_xtrace)
 					log("#X# GET-BY-NAME '%s' (index %d, refcount %d)\n", global_id_storage_.at(it->second), it->second, global_refcount_storage_.at(it->second));
-				}
 		#endif
 				return it->second;
 			}
 
 			if (global_free_idx_list_.empty()) {
+				if (global_id_storage_.empty()) {
+					global_refcount_storage_.push_back(0);
+					global_id_storage_.push_back((char*)"");
+					global_id_index_[global_id_storage_.back()] = 0;
+				}
 				log_assert(global_id_storage_.size() < 0x40000000);
 				global_free_idx_list_.push_back(global_id_storage_.size());
 				global_id_storage_.push_back(nullptr);
@@ -165,23 +176,25 @@ namespace RTLIL
 			global_id_index_[global_id_storage_.at(idx)] = idx;
 			global_refcount_storage_.at(idx)++;
 
-			// Avoid Create->Delete->Create pattern
-			if (last_created_idx_[last_created_idx_ptr_])
-				put_reference(last_created_idx_[last_created_idx_ptr_]);
-			last_created_idx_[last_created_idx_ptr_] = idx;
-			get_reference(last_created_idx_[last_created_idx_ptr_]);
-			last_created_idx_ptr_ = (last_created_idx_ptr_ + 1) & 7;
-
 			if (yosys_xtrace) {
 				log("#X# New IdString '%s' with index %d.\n", p, idx);
 				log_backtrace("-X- ", yosys_xtrace-1);
 			}
 
 		#ifdef YOSYS_XTRACE_GET_PUT
-			if (yosys_xtrace) {
+			if (yosys_xtrace)
 				log("#X# GET-BY-NAME '%s' (index %d, refcount %d)\n", global_id_storage_.at(idx), idx, global_refcount_storage_.at(idx));
-			}
 		#endif
+
+		#ifdef YOSYS_USE_STICKY_IDS
+			// Avoid Create->Delete->Create pattern
+			if (last_created_idx_[last_created_idx_ptr_])
+				put_reference(last_created_idx_[last_created_idx_ptr_]);
+			last_created_idx_[last_created_idx_ptr_] = idx;
+			get_reference(last_created_idx_[last_created_idx_ptr_]);
+			last_created_idx_ptr_ = (last_created_idx_ptr_ + 1) & 7;
+		#endif
+
 			return idx;
 		}
 
@@ -189,7 +202,7 @@ namespace RTLIL
 		{
 			// put_reference() may be called from destructors after the destructor of
 			// global_refcount_storage_ has been run. in this case we simply do nothing.
-			if (!destruct_guard.ok)
+			if (!destruct_guard.ok || !idx)
 				return;
 
 		#ifdef YOSYS_XTRACE_GET_PUT
@@ -198,11 +211,13 @@ namespace RTLIL
 			}
 		#endif
 
-			log_assert(global_refcount_storage_.at(idx) > 0);
+			int &refcount = global_refcount_storage_[idx];
 
-			if (--global_refcount_storage_.at(idx) != 0)
+			if (--refcount > 0)
 				return;
 
+			log_assert(refcount == 0);
+
 			if (yosys_xtrace) {
 				log("#X# Removed IdString '%s' with index %d.\n", global_id_storage_.at(idx), idx);
 				log_backtrace("-X- ", yosys_xtrace-1);
@@ -218,41 +233,42 @@ namespace RTLIL
 
 		int index_;
 
-		IdString() : index_(get_reference("")) { }
-		IdString(const char *str) : index_(get_reference(str)) { }
-		IdString(const IdString &str) : index_(get_reference(str.index_)) { }
-		IdString(const std::string &str) : index_(get_reference(str.c_str())) { }
-		~IdString() { put_reference(index_); }
+		inline IdString() : index_(0) { }
+		inline IdString(const char *str) : index_(get_reference(str)) { }
+		inline IdString(const IdString &str) : index_(get_reference(str.index_)) { }
+		inline IdString(IdString &&str) : index_(str.index_) { str.index_ = 0; }
+		inline IdString(const std::string &str) : index_(get_reference(str.c_str())) { }
+		inline ~IdString() { put_reference(index_); }
 
-		void operator=(const IdString &rhs) {
+		inline void operator=(const IdString &rhs) {
 			put_reference(index_);
 			index_ = get_reference(rhs.index_);
 		}
 
-		void operator=(const char *rhs) {
+		inline void operator=(const char *rhs) {
 			IdString id(rhs);
 			*this = id;
 		}
 
-		void operator=(const std::string &rhs) {
+		inline void operator=(const std::string &rhs) {
 			IdString id(rhs);
 			*this = id;
 		}
 
-		const char *c_str() const {
+		inline const char *c_str() const {
 			return global_id_storage_.at(index_);
 		}
 
-		std::string str() const {
+		inline std::string str() const {
 			return std::string(global_id_storage_.at(index_));
 		}
 
-		bool operator<(const IdString &rhs) const {
+		inline bool operator<(const IdString &rhs) const {
 			return index_ < rhs.index_;
 		}
 
-		bool operator==(const IdString &rhs) const { return index_ == rhs.index_; }
-		bool operator!=(const IdString &rhs) const { return index_ != rhs.index_; }
+		inline bool operator==(const IdString &rhs) const { return index_ == rhs.index_; }
+		inline bool operator!=(const IdString &rhs) const { return index_ != rhs.index_; }
 
 		// The methods below are just convenience functions for better compatibility with std::string.
 
diff --git a/kernel/yosys.cc b/kernel/yosys.cc
index 5a53f90fd..fc9bd96fe 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.cc
+++ b/kernel/yosys.cc
@@ -510,10 +510,6 @@ void yosys_setup()
 	if(already_setup)
 		return;
 	already_setup = true;
-	// if there are already IdString objects then we have a global initialization order bug
-	IdString empty_id;
-	log_assert(empty_id.index_ == 0);
-	IdString::get_reference(empty_id.index_);
 
 	#ifdef WITH_PYTHON
 		PyImport_AppendInittab((char*)"libyosys", INIT_MODULE);
@@ -575,9 +571,6 @@ void yosys_shutdown()
 #ifdef WITH_PYTHON
 	Py_Finalize();
 #endif
-
-	IdString empty_id;
-	IdString::put_reference(empty_id.index_);
 }
 
 RTLIL::IdString new_id(std::string file, int line, std::string func)

From 390bf459fbd766d4b1f9d16c6e10d665b43369d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2019 12:24:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 045/197] Use ID() in kernel/*, add simple ID:: hack (to be
 improved upon later)

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 kernel/cellaigs.cc  |  194 ++++----
 kernel/celledges.cc |   42 +-
 kernel/celltypes.h  |  236 ++++-----
 kernel/consteval.h  |   66 +--
 kernel/cost.h       |   68 +--
 kernel/macc.h       |   20 +-
 kernel/rtlil.cc     | 1145 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 kernel/rtlil.h      |   14 +-
 kernel/satgen.h     |  520 ++++++++++----------
 kernel/yosys.cc     |    7 +
 10 files changed, 1167 insertions(+), 1145 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/cellaigs.cc b/kernel/cellaigs.cc
index fbc6d045e..6d496db45 100644
--- a/kernel/cellaigs.cc
+++ b/kernel/cellaigs.cc
@@ -268,9 +268,9 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 	cell->parameters.sort();
 	for (auto p : cell->parameters)
 	{
-		if (p.first == "\\A_WIDTH" && mkname_a_signed) {
+		if (p.first == ID(A_WIDTH) && mkname_a_signed) {
 			name = mkname_last + stringf(":%d%c", p.second.as_int(), mkname_is_signed ? 'S' : 'U');
-		} else if (p.first == "\\B_WIDTH" && mkname_b_signed) {
+		} else if (p.first == ID(B_WIDTH) && mkname_b_signed) {
 			name = mkname_last + stringf(":%d%c", p.second.as_int(), mkname_is_signed ? 'S' : 'U');
 		} else {
 			mkname_last = name;
@@ -280,183 +280,183 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 		mkname_a_signed = false;
 		mkname_b_signed = false;
 		mkname_is_signed = false;
-		if (p.first == "\\A_SIGNED") {
+		if (p.first == ID(A_SIGNED)) {
 			mkname_a_signed = true;
 			mkname_is_signed = p.second.as_bool();
 		}
-		if (p.first == "\\B_SIGNED") {
+		if (p.first == ID(B_SIGNED)) {
 			mkname_b_signed = true;
 			mkname_is_signed = p.second.as_bool();
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$not", "$_NOT_", "$pos", "$_BUF_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($_NOT_), ID($pos), ID($_BUF_)))
 	{
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y")); i++) {
-			int A = mk.inport("\\A", i);
-			int Y = cell->type.in("$not", "$_NOT_") ? mk.not_gate(A) : A;
-			mk.outport(Y, "\\Y", i);
+		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))); i++) {
+			int A = mk.inport(ID(A), i);
+			int Y = cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($_NOT_)) ? mk.not_gate(A) : A;
+			mk.outport(Y, ID(Y), i);
 		}
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$and", "$_AND_", "$_NAND_", "$or", "$_OR_", "$_NOR_", "$xor", "$xnor", "$_XOR_", "$_XNOR_", "$_ANDNOT_", "$_ORNOT_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($or), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($xor), ID($xnor), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_)))
 	{
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y")); i++) {
-			int A = mk.inport("\\A", i);
-			int B = mk.inport("\\B", i);
-			int Y = cell->type.in("$and", "$_AND_")   ? mk.and_gate(A, B) :
-			        cell->type.in("$_NAND_")          ? mk.nand_gate(A, B) :
-			        cell->type.in("$or", "$_OR_")     ? mk.or_gate(A, B) :
-			        cell->type.in("$_NOR_")           ? mk.nor_gate(A, B) :
-			        cell->type.in("$xor", "$_XOR_")   ? mk.xor_gate(A, B) :
-			        cell->type.in("$xnor", "$_XNOR_") ? mk.xnor_gate(A, B) :
-			        cell->type.in("$_ANDNOT_")        ? mk.andnot_gate(A, B) :
-			        cell->type.in("$_ORNOT_")         ? mk.ornot_gate(A, B) : -1;
-			mk.outport(Y, "\\Y", i);
+		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))); i++) {
+			int A = mk.inport(ID(A), i);
+			int B = mk.inport(ID(B), i);
+			int Y = cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($_AND_))   ? mk.and_gate(A, B) :
+			        cell->type.in(ID($_NAND_))          ? mk.nand_gate(A, B) :
+			        cell->type.in(ID($or), ID($_OR_))     ? mk.or_gate(A, B) :
+			        cell->type.in(ID($_NOR_))           ? mk.nor_gate(A, B) :
+			        cell->type.in(ID($xor), ID($_XOR_))   ? mk.xor_gate(A, B) :
+			        cell->type.in(ID($xnor), ID($_XNOR_)) ? mk.xnor_gate(A, B) :
+			        cell->type.in(ID($_ANDNOT_))        ? mk.andnot_gate(A, B) :
+			        cell->type.in(ID($_ORNOT_))         ? mk.ornot_gate(A, B) : -1;
+			mk.outport(Y, ID(Y), i);
 		}
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)))
 	{
-		int S = mk.inport("\\S");
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y")); i++) {
-			int A = mk.inport("\\A", i);
-			int B = mk.inport("\\B", i);
+		int S = mk.inport(ID(S));
+		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))); i++) {
+			int A = mk.inport(ID(A), i);
+			int B = mk.inport(ID(B), i);
 			int Y = mk.mux_gate(A, B, S);
-			if (cell->type == "$_NMUX_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($_NMUX_))
 				Y = mk.not_gate(Y);
-			mk.outport(Y, "\\Y", i);
+			mk.outport(Y, ID(Y), i);
 		}
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$reduce_bool"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool)))
 	{
-		int Y = mk.inport("\\A", 0);
-		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")); i++) {
-			int A = mk.inport("\\A", i);
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_and")  Y = mk.and_gate(A, Y);
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_or")   Y = mk.or_gate(A, Y);
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_bool") Y = mk.or_gate(A, Y);
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_xor")  Y = mk.xor_gate(A, Y);
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_xnor") Y = mk.xor_gate(A, Y);
+		int Y = mk.inport(ID(A), 0);
+		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))); i++) {
+			int A = mk.inport(ID(A), i);
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and))  Y = mk.and_gate(A, Y);
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or))   Y = mk.or_gate(A, Y);
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_bool)) Y = mk.or_gate(A, Y);
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xor))  Y = mk.xor_gate(A, Y);
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) Y = mk.xor_gate(A, Y);
 		}
-		if (cell->type == "$reduce_xnor")
+		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor))
 			Y = mk.not_gate(Y);
-		mk.outport(Y, "\\Y", 0);
-		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y")); i++)
-			mk.outport(mk.bool_node(false), "\\Y", i);
+		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y), 0);
+		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))); i++)
+			mk.outport(mk.bool_node(false), ID(Y), i);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$logic_not", "$logic_and", "$logic_or"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_not), ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport("\\A", 0), Y = -1;
-		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")); i++)
-			A = mk.or_gate(mk.inport("\\A", i), A);
-		if (cell->type.in("$logic_and", "$logic_or")) {
-			int B = mk.inport("\\B", 0);
-			for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort("\\B")); i++)
-				B = mk.or_gate(mk.inport("\\B", i), B);
-			if (cell->type == "$logic_and") Y = mk.and_gate(A, B);
-			if (cell->type == "$logic_or")  Y = mk.or_gate(A, B);
+		int A = mk.inport(ID(A), 0), Y = -1;
+		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))); i++)
+			A = mk.or_gate(mk.inport(ID(A), i), A);
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or))) {
+			int B = mk.inport(ID(B), 0);
+			for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))); i++)
+				B = mk.or_gate(mk.inport(ID(B), i), B);
+			if (cell->type == ID($logic_and)) Y = mk.and_gate(A, B);
+			if (cell->type == ID($logic_or))  Y = mk.or_gate(A, B);
 		} else {
-			if (cell->type == "$logic_not") Y = mk.not_gate(A);
+			if (cell->type == ID($logic_not)) Y = mk.not_gate(A);
 		}
-		mk.outport_bool(Y, "\\Y");
+		mk.outport_bool(Y, ID(Y));
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$add", "$sub"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub)))
 	{
-		int width = GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
-		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec("\\A", width);
-		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec("\\B", width);
+		int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID(A), width);
+		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID(B), width);
 		int carry = mk.bool_node(false);
-		if (cell->type == "$sub") {
+		if (cell->type == ID($sub)) {
 			for (auto &n : B)
 				n = mk.not_gate(n);
 			carry = mk.not_gate(carry);
 		}
 		vector<int> Y = mk.adder(A, B, carry);
-		mk.outport_vec(Y, "\\Y");
+		mk.outport_vec(Y, ID(Y));
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type == "$alu")
+	if (cell->type == ID($alu))
 	{
-		int width = GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
-		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec("\\A", width);
-		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec("\\B", width);
-		int carry = mk.inport("\\CI");
-		int binv = mk.inport("\\BI");
+		int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID(A), width);
+		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID(B), width);
+		int carry = mk.inport(ID(CI));
+		int binv = mk.inport(ID(BI));
 		for (auto &n : B)
 			n = mk.xor_gate(n, binv);
 		vector<int> X(width), CO(width);
 		vector<int> Y = mk.adder(A, B, carry, &X, &CO);
 		for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
 			X[i] = mk.xor_gate(A[i], B[i]);
-		mk.outport_vec(Y, "\\Y");
-		mk.outport_vec(X, "\\X");
-		mk.outport_vec(CO, "\\CO");
+		mk.outport_vec(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport_vec(X, ID(X));
+		mk.outport_vec(CO, ID(CO));
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$eq", "$ne"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne)))
 	{
-		int width = max(GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")), GetSize(cell->getPort("\\B")));
-		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec("\\A", width);
-		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec("\\B", width);
+		int width = max(GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))), GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))));
+		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID(A), width);
+		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID(B), width);
 		int Y = mk.bool_node(false);
 		for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
 			Y = mk.or_gate(Y, mk.xor_gate(A[i], B[i]));
-		if (cell->type == "$eq")
+		if (cell->type == ID($eq))
 			Y = mk.not_gate(Y);
-		mk.outport_bool(Y, "\\Y");
+		mk.outport_bool(Y, ID(Y));
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type == "$_AOI3_")
+	if (cell->type == ID($_AOI3_))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport("\\A");
-		int B = mk.inport("\\B");
-		int C = mk.inport("\\C");
+		int A = mk.inport(ID(A));
+		int B = mk.inport(ID(B));
+		int C = mk.inport(ID(C));
 		int Y = mk.nor_gate(mk.and_gate(A, B), C);
-		mk.outport(Y, "\\Y");
+		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y));
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type == "$_OAI3_")
+	if (cell->type == ID($_OAI3_))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport("\\A");
-		int B = mk.inport("\\B");
-		int C = mk.inport("\\C");
+		int A = mk.inport(ID(A));
+		int B = mk.inport(ID(B));
+		int C = mk.inport(ID(C));
 		int Y = mk.nand_gate(mk.or_gate(A, B), C);
-		mk.outport(Y, "\\Y");
+		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y));
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type == "$_AOI4_")
+	if (cell->type == ID($_AOI4_))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport("\\A");
-		int B = mk.inport("\\B");
-		int C = mk.inport("\\C");
-		int D = mk.inport("\\D");
+		int A = mk.inport(ID(A));
+		int B = mk.inport(ID(B));
+		int C = mk.inport(ID(C));
+		int D = mk.inport(ID(D));
 		int Y = mk.nor_gate(mk.and_gate(A, B), mk.and_gate(C, D));
-		mk.outport(Y, "\\Y");
+		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y));
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type == "$_OAI4_")
+	if (cell->type == ID($_OAI4_))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport("\\A");
-		int B = mk.inport("\\B");
-		int C = mk.inport("\\C");
-		int D = mk.inport("\\D");
+		int A = mk.inport(ID(A));
+		int B = mk.inport(ID(B));
+		int C = mk.inport(ID(C));
+		int D = mk.inport(ID(D));
 		int Y = mk.nand_gate(mk.or_gate(A, B), mk.or_gate(C, D));
-		mk.outport(Y, "\\Y");
+		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y));
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
diff --git a/kernel/celledges.cc b/kernel/celledges.cc
index 556e8b826..7a324a06e 100644
--- a/kernel/celledges.cc
+++ b/kernel/celledges.cc
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 void bitwise_unary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = "\\A", Y = "\\Y";
+	IdString A = ID(A), Y = ID(Y);
 
-	bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+	bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 	int y_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(Y));
 
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ void bitwise_unary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void bitwise_binary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = "\\A", B = "\\B", Y = "\\Y";
+	IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), Y = ID(Y);
 
-	bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+	bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 	int b_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(B));
 	int y_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(Y));
 
-	if (cell->type == "$and" && !is_signed) {
+	if (cell->type == ID($and) && !is_signed) {
 		if (a_width > b_width)
 			a_width = b_width;
 		else
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ void bitwise_binary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void arith_neg_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = "\\A", Y = "\\Y";
+	IdString A = ID(A), Y = ID(Y);
 
-	bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+	bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 	int y_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(Y));
 
@@ -87,14 +87,14 @@ void arith_neg_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void arith_binary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = "\\A", B = "\\B", Y = "\\Y";
+	IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), Y = ID(Y);
 
-	bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+	bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 	int b_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(B));
 	int y_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(Y));
 
-	if (!is_signed && cell->type != "$sub") {
+	if (!is_signed && cell->type != ID($sub)) {
 		int ab_width = std::max(a_width, b_width);
 		y_width = std::min(y_width, ab_width+1);
 	}
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ void arith_binary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void reduce_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = "\\A", Y = "\\Y";
+	IdString A = ID(A), Y = ID(Y);
 
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ void reduce_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void compare_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = "\\A", B = "\\B", Y = "\\Y";
+	IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), Y = ID(Y);
 
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 	int b_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(B));
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ void compare_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void mux_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = "\\A", B = "\\B", S = "\\S", Y = "\\Y";
+	IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), S = ID(S), Y = ID(Y);
 
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 	int b_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(B));
@@ -160,43 +160,43 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
 
 bool YOSYS_NAMESPACE_PREFIX AbstractCellEdgesDatabase::add_edges_from_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	if (cell->type.in("$not", "$pos")) {
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($pos))) {
 		bitwise_unary_op(this, cell);
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor")) {
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor))) {
 		bitwise_binary_op(this, cell);
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type == "$neg") {
+	if (cell->type == ID($neg)) {
 		arith_neg_op(this, cell);
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$add", "$sub")) {
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub))) {
 		arith_binary_op(this, cell);
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$reduce_bool", "$logic_not")) {
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool), ID($logic_not))) {
 		reduce_op(this, cell);
 		return true;
 	}
 
 	// FIXME:
-	// if (cell->type.in("$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx")) {
+	// if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx))) {
 	// 	shift_op(this, cell);
 	// 	return true;
 	// }
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$lt", "$le", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", "$ge", "$gt")) {
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt))) {
 		compare_op(this, cell);
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux")) {
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux))) {
 		mux_op(this, cell);
 		return true;
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/celltypes.h b/kernel/celltypes.h
index 1256fbcba..ade305e83 100644
--- a/kernel/celltypes.h
+++ b/kernel/celltypes.h
@@ -84,46 +84,46 @@ struct CellTypes
 	{
 		setup_internals_eval();
 
-		IdString A = "\\A", B = "\\B", EN = "\\EN", Y = "\\Y";
-		IdString SRC = "\\SRC", DST = "\\DST", DAT = "\\DAT";
-		IdString EN_SRC = "\\EN_SRC", EN_DST = "\\EN_DST";
+		IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), EN = ID(EN), Y = ID(Y);
+		IdString SRC = ID(SRC), DST = ID(DST), DAT = ID(DAT);
+		IdString EN_SRC = ID(EN_SRC), EN_DST = ID(EN_DST);
 
-		setup_type("$tribuf", {A, EN}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($tribuf), {A, EN}, {Y}, true);
 
-		setup_type("$assert", {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
-		setup_type("$assume", {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
-		setup_type("$live", {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
-		setup_type("$fair", {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
-		setup_type("$cover", {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
-		setup_type("$initstate", pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$anyconst", pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$anyseq", pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$allconst", pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$allseq", pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$equiv", {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$specify2", {EN, SRC, DST}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
-		setup_type("$specify3", {EN, SRC, DST, DAT}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
-		setup_type("$specrule", {EN_SRC, EN_DST, SRC, DST}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
+		setup_type(ID($assert), {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
+		setup_type(ID($assume), {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
+		setup_type(ID($live), {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
+		setup_type(ID($fair), {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
+		setup_type(ID($cover), {A, EN}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
+		setup_type(ID($initstate), pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($anyconst), pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($anyseq), pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($allconst), pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($allseq), pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($equiv), {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($specify2), {EN, SRC, DST}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
+		setup_type(ID($specify3), {EN, SRC, DST, DAT}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
+		setup_type(ID($specrule), {EN_SRC, EN_DST, SRC, DST}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
 	}
 
 	void setup_internals_eval()
 	{
 		std::vector<RTLIL::IdString> unary_ops = {
-			"$not", "$pos", "$neg",
-			"$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$reduce_bool",
-			"$logic_not", "$slice", "$lut", "$sop"
+			ID($not), ID($pos), ID($neg),
+			ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool),
+			ID($logic_not), ID($slice), ID($lut), ID($sop)
 		};
 
 		std::vector<RTLIL::IdString> binary_ops = {
-			"$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor",
-			"$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx",
-			"$lt", "$le", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", "$ge", "$gt",
-			"$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod", "$pow",
-			"$logic_and", "$logic_or", "$concat", "$macc"
+			ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor),
+			ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx),
+			ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt),
+			ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow),
+			ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or), ID($concat), ID($macc)
 		};
-		IdString A = "\\A", B = "\\B", S = "\\S", Y = "\\Y";
-		IdString P = "\\P", G = "\\G", C = "\\C", X = "\\X";
-		IdString BI = "\\BI", CI = "\\CI", CO = "\\CO", EN = "\\EN";
+		IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), S = ID(S), Y = ID(Y);
+		IdString P = ID(P), G = ID(G), C = ID(C), X = ID(X);
+		IdString BI = ID(BI), CI = ID(CI), CO = ID(CO), EN = ID(EN);
 
 		for (auto type : unary_ops)
 			setup_type(type, {A}, {Y}, true);
@@ -131,27 +131,27 @@ struct CellTypes
 		for (auto type : binary_ops)
 			setup_type(type, {A, B}, {Y}, true);
 
-		for (auto type : std::vector<RTLIL::IdString>({"$mux", "$pmux"}))
+		for (auto type : std::vector<RTLIL::IdString>({ID($mux), ID($pmux)}))
 			setup_type(type, {A, B, S}, {Y}, true);
 
-		setup_type("$lcu", {P, G, CI}, {CO}, true);
-		setup_type("$alu", {A, B, CI, BI}, {X, Y, CO}, true);
-		setup_type("$fa", {A, B, C}, {X, Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($lcu), {P, G, CI}, {CO}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($alu), {A, B, CI, BI}, {X, Y, CO}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($fa), {A, B, C}, {X, Y}, true);
 	}
 
 	void setup_internals_ff()
 	{
-		IdString SET = "\\SET", CLR = "\\CLR", CLK = "\\CLK", ARST = "\\ARST", EN = "\\EN";
-		IdString Q = "\\Q", D = "\\D";
+		IdString SET = ID(SET), CLR = ID(CLR), CLK = ID(CLK), ARST = ID(ARST), EN = ID(EN);
+		IdString Q = ID(Q), D = ID(D);
 
-		setup_type("$sr", {SET, CLR}, {Q});
-		setup_type("$ff", {D}, {Q});
-		setup_type("$dff", {CLK, D}, {Q});
-		setup_type("$dffe", {CLK, EN, D}, {Q});
-		setup_type("$dffsr", {CLK, SET, CLR, D}, {Q});
-		setup_type("$adff", {CLK, ARST, D}, {Q});
-		setup_type("$dlatch", {EN, D}, {Q});
-		setup_type("$dlatchsr", {EN, SET, CLR, D}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($sr), {SET, CLR}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($ff), {D}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($dff), {CLK, D}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($dffe), {CLK, EN, D}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($dffsr), {CLK, SET, CLR, D}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($adff), {CLK, ARST, D}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($dlatch), {EN, D}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($dlatchsr), {EN, SET, CLR, D}, {Q});
 
 	}
 
@@ -159,63 +159,63 @@ struct CellTypes
 	{
 		setup_internals_ff();
 
-		IdString CLK = "\\CLK", ARST = "\\ARST", EN = "\\EN";
-		IdString ADDR = "\\ADDR", DATA = "\\DATA", RD_EN = "\\RD_EN";
-		IdString RD_CLK = "\\RD_CLK", RD_ADDR = "\\RD_ADDR", WR_CLK = "\\WR_CLK", WR_EN = "\\WR_EN";
-		IdString WR_ADDR = "\\WR_ADDR", WR_DATA = "\\WR_DATA", RD_DATA = "\\RD_DATA";
-		IdString CTRL_IN = "\\CTRL_IN", CTRL_OUT = "\\CTRL_OUT";
+		IdString CLK = ID(CLK), ARST = ID(ARST), EN = ID(EN);
+		IdString ADDR = ID(ADDR), DATA = ID(DATA), RD_EN = ID(RD_EN);
+		IdString RD_CLK = ID(RD_CLK), RD_ADDR = ID(RD_ADDR), WR_CLK = ID(WR_CLK), WR_EN = ID(WR_EN);
+		IdString WR_ADDR = ID(WR_ADDR), WR_DATA = ID(WR_DATA), RD_DATA = ID(RD_DATA);
+		IdString CTRL_IN = ID(CTRL_IN), CTRL_OUT = ID(CTRL_OUT);
 
-		setup_type("$memrd", {CLK, EN, ADDR}, {DATA});
-		setup_type("$memwr", {CLK, EN, ADDR, DATA}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>());
-		setup_type("$meminit", {ADDR, DATA}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>());
-		setup_type("$mem", {RD_CLK, RD_EN, RD_ADDR, WR_CLK, WR_EN, WR_ADDR, WR_DATA}, {RD_DATA});
+		setup_type(ID($memrd), {CLK, EN, ADDR}, {DATA});
+		setup_type(ID($memwr), {CLK, EN, ADDR, DATA}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>());
+		setup_type(ID($meminit), {ADDR, DATA}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>());
+		setup_type(ID($mem), {RD_CLK, RD_EN, RD_ADDR, WR_CLK, WR_EN, WR_ADDR, WR_DATA}, {RD_DATA});
 
-		setup_type("$fsm", {CLK, ARST, CTRL_IN}, {CTRL_OUT});
+		setup_type(ID($fsm), {CLK, ARST, CTRL_IN}, {CTRL_OUT});
 	}
 
 	void setup_stdcells()
 	{
 		setup_stdcells_eval();
 
-		IdString A = "\\A", E = "\\E", Y = "\\Y";
+		IdString A = ID(A), E = ID(E), Y = ID(Y);
 
-		setup_type("$_TBUF_", {A, E}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_TBUF_), {A, E}, {Y}, true);
 	}
 
 	void setup_stdcells_eval()
 	{
-		IdString A = "\\A", B = "\\B", C = "\\C", D = "\\D";
-		IdString E = "\\E", F = "\\F", G = "\\G", H = "\\H";
-		IdString I = "\\I", J = "\\J", K = "\\K", L = "\\L";
-		IdString M = "\\M", N = "\\N", O = "\\O", P = "\\P";
-		IdString S = "\\S", T = "\\T", U = "\\U", V = "\\V";
-		IdString Y = "\\Y";
+		IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), C = ID(C), D = ID(D);
+		IdString E = ID(E), F = ID(F), G = ID(G), H = ID(H);
+		IdString I = ID(I), J = ID(J), K = ID(K), L = ID(L);
+		IdString M = ID(M), N = ID(N), O = ID(O), P = ID(P);
+		IdString S = ID(S), T = ID(T), U = ID(U), V = ID(V);
+		IdString Y = ID(Y);
 
-		setup_type("$_BUF_", {A}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_NOT_", {A}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_AND_", {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_NAND_", {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_OR_",  {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_NOR_",  {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_XOR_", {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_XNOR_", {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_ANDNOT_", {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_ORNOT_", {A, B}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_MUX_", {A, B, S}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_NMUX_", {A, B, S}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_MUX4_", {A, B, C, D, S, T}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_MUX8_", {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, S, T, U}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_MUX16_", {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U, V}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_AOI3_", {A, B, C}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_OAI3_", {A, B, C}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_AOI4_", {A, B, C, D}, {Y}, true);
-		setup_type("$_OAI4_", {A, B, C, D}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_BUF_), {A}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_NOT_), {A}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_AND_), {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_NAND_), {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_OR_),  {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_NOR_),  {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_XOR_), {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_XNOR_), {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_ANDNOT_), {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_ORNOT_), {A, B}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_MUX_), {A, B, S}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_NMUX_), {A, B, S}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_MUX4_), {A, B, C, D, S, T}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_MUX8_), {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, S, T, U}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_MUX16_), {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U, V}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_AOI3_), {A, B, C}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_OAI3_), {A, B, C}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_AOI4_), {A, B, C, D}, {Y}, true);
+		setup_type(ID($_OAI4_), {A, B, C, D}, {Y}, true);
 	}
 
 	void setup_stdcells_mem()
 	{
-		IdString S = "\\S", R = "\\R", C = "\\C";
-		IdString D = "\\D", Q = "\\Q", E = "\\E";
+		IdString S = ID(S), R = ID(R), C = ID(C);
+		IdString D = ID(D), Q = ID(Q), E = ID(E);
 
 		std::vector<char> list_np = {'N', 'P'}, list_01 = {'0', '1'};
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ struct CellTypes
 		for (auto c2 : list_np)
 			setup_type(stringf("$_SR_%c%c_", c1, c2), {S, R}, {Q});
 
-		setup_type("$_FF_", {D}, {Q});
+		setup_type(ID($_FF_), {D}, {Q});
 
 		for (auto c1 : list_np)
 			setup_type(stringf("$_DFF_%c_", c1), {C, D}, {Q});
@@ -289,13 +289,13 @@ struct CellTypes
 
 	static RTLIL::Const eval(RTLIL::IdString type, const RTLIL::Const &arg1, const RTLIL::Const &arg2, bool signed1, bool signed2, int result_len, bool *errp = nullptr)
 	{
-		if (type == "$sshr" && !signed1)
-			type = "$shr";
-		if (type == "$sshl" && !signed1)
-			type = "$shl";
+		if (type == ID($sshr) && !signed1)
+			type = ID($shr);
+		if (type == ID($sshl) && !signed1)
+			type = ID($shl);
 
-		if (type != "$sshr" && type != "$sshl" && type != "$shr" && type != "$shl" && type != "$shift" && type != "$shiftx" &&
-				type != "$pos" && type != "$neg" && type != "$not") {
+		if (type != ID($sshr) && type != ID($sshl) && type != ID($shr) && type != ID($shl) && type != ID($shift) && type != ID($shiftx) &&
+				type != ID($pos) && type != ID($neg) && type != ID($not)) {
 			if (!signed1 || !signed2)
 				signed1 = false, signed2 = false;
 		}
@@ -338,25 +338,25 @@ struct CellTypes
 		HANDLE_CELL_TYPE(neg)
 #undef HANDLE_CELL_TYPE
 
-		if (type == "$_BUF_")
+		if (type == ID($_BUF_))
 			return arg1;
-		if (type == "$_NOT_")
+		if (type == ID($_NOT_))
 			return eval_not(arg1);
-		if (type == "$_AND_")
+		if (type == ID($_AND_))
 			return const_and(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1);
-		if (type == "$_NAND_")
+		if (type == ID($_NAND_))
 			return eval_not(const_and(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1));
-		if (type == "$_OR_")
+		if (type == ID($_OR_))
 			return const_or(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1);
-		if (type == "$_NOR_")
+		if (type == ID($_NOR_))
 			return eval_not(const_or(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1));
-		if (type == "$_XOR_")
+		if (type == ID($_XOR_))
 			return const_xor(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1);
-		if (type == "$_XNOR_")
+		if (type == ID($_XNOR_))
 			return const_xnor(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1);
-		if (type == "$_ANDNOT_")
+		if (type == ID($_ANDNOT_))
 			return const_and(arg1, eval_not(arg2), false, false, 1);
-		if (type == "$_ORNOT_")
+		if (type == ID($_ORNOT_))
 			return const_or(arg1, eval_not(arg2), false, false, 1);
 
 		if (errp != nullptr) {
@@ -369,25 +369,25 @@ struct CellTypes
 
 	static RTLIL::Const eval(RTLIL::Cell *cell, const RTLIL::Const &arg1, const RTLIL::Const &arg2, bool *errp = nullptr)
 	{
-		if (cell->type == "$slice") {
+		if (cell->type == ID($slice)) {
 			RTLIL::Const ret;
-			int width = cell->parameters.at("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
-			int offset = cell->parameters.at("\\OFFSET").as_int();
+			int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int();
+			int offset = cell->parameters.at(ID(OFFSET)).as_int();
 			ret.bits.insert(ret.bits.end(), arg1.bits.begin()+offset, arg1.bits.begin()+offset+width);
 			return ret;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$concat") {
+		if (cell->type == ID($concat)) {
 			RTLIL::Const ret = arg1;
 			ret.bits.insert(ret.bits.end(), arg2.bits.begin(), arg2.bits.end());
 			return ret;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$lut")
+		if (cell->type == ID($lut))
 		{
-			int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
+			int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 
-			std::vector<RTLIL::State> t = cell->parameters.at("\\LUT").bits;
+			std::vector<RTLIL::State> t = cell->parameters.at(ID(LUT)).bits;
 			while (GetSize(t) < (1 << width))
 				t.push_back(State::S0);
 			t.resize(1 << width);
@@ -409,11 +409,11 @@ struct CellTypes
 			return t;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$sop")
+		if (cell->type == ID($sop))
 		{
-			int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-			int depth = cell->parameters.at("\\DEPTH").as_int();
-			std::vector<RTLIL::State> t = cell->parameters.at("\\TABLE").bits;
+			int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+			int depth = cell->parameters.at(ID(DEPTH)).as_int();
+			std::vector<RTLIL::State> t = cell->parameters.at(ID(TABLE)).bits;
 
 			while (GetSize(t) < width*depth*2)
 				t.push_back(State::S0);
@@ -447,15 +447,15 @@ struct CellTypes
 			return default_ret;
 		}
 
-		bool signed_a = cell->parameters.count("\\A_SIGNED") > 0 && cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool();
-		bool signed_b = cell->parameters.count("\\B_SIGNED") > 0 && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool();
-		int result_len = cell->parameters.count("\\Y_WIDTH") > 0 ? cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"].as_int() : -1;
+		bool signed_a = cell->parameters.count(ID(A_SIGNED)) > 0 && cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool();
+		bool signed_b = cell->parameters.count(ID(B_SIGNED)) > 0 && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
+		int result_len = cell->parameters.count(ID(Y_WIDTH)) > 0 ? cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int() : -1;
 		return eval(cell->type, arg1, arg2, signed_a, signed_b, result_len, errp);
 	}
 
 	static RTLIL::Const eval(RTLIL::Cell *cell, const RTLIL::Const &arg1, const RTLIL::Const &arg2, const RTLIL::Const &arg3, bool *errp = nullptr)
 	{
-		if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux", "$_MUX_")) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_))) {
 			RTLIL::Const ret = arg1;
 			for (size_t i = 0; i < arg3.bits.size(); i++)
 				if (arg3.bits[i] == RTLIL::State::S1) {
@@ -465,9 +465,9 @@ struct CellTypes
 			return ret;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_AOI3_")
+		if (cell->type == ID($_AOI3_))
 			return eval_not(const_or(const_and(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1), arg3, false, false, 1));
-		if (cell->type == "$_OAI3_")
+		if (cell->type == ID($_OAI3_))
 			return eval_not(const_and(const_or(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1), arg3, false, false, 1));
 
 		log_assert(arg3.bits.size() == 0);
@@ -476,9 +476,9 @@ struct CellTypes
 
 	static RTLIL::Const eval(RTLIL::Cell *cell, const RTLIL::Const &arg1, const RTLIL::Const &arg2, const RTLIL::Const &arg3, const RTLIL::Const &arg4, bool *errp = nullptr)
 	{
-		if (cell->type == "$_AOI4_")
+		if (cell->type == ID($_AOI4_))
 			return eval_not(const_or(const_and(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1), const_and(arg3, arg4, false, false, 1), false, false, 1));
-		if (cell->type == "$_OAI4_")
+		if (cell->type == ID($_OAI4_))
 			return eval_not(const_and(const_or(arg1, arg2, false, false, 1), const_or(arg3, arg4, false, false, 1), false, false, 1));
 
 		log_assert(arg4.bits.size() == 0);
diff --git a/kernel/consteval.h b/kernel/consteval.h
index 521ce96d4..09b4c434b 100644
--- a/kernel/consteval.h
+++ b/kernel/consteval.h
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ struct ConstEval
 
 	bool eval(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::SigSpec &undef)
 	{
-		if (cell->type == "$lcu")
+		if (cell->type == ID($lcu))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_p = cell->getPort("\\P");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_g = cell->getPort("\\G");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort("\\CI");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_co = values_map(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\CO")));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_p = cell->getPort(ID(P));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_g = cell->getPort(ID(G));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort(ID(CI));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_co = values_map(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(CO))));
 
 			if (sig_co.is_fully_const())
 				return true;
@@ -128,24 +128,24 @@ struct ConstEval
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, sig_b, sig_s, sig_y;
 
-		log_assert(cell->hasPort("\\Y"));
-		sig_y = values_map(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y")));
+		log_assert(cell->hasPort(ID(Y)));
+		sig_y = values_map(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
 		if (sig_y.is_fully_const())
 			return true;
 
-		if (cell->hasPort("\\S")) {
-			sig_s = cell->getPort("\\S");
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID(S))) {
+			sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(S));
 			if (!eval(sig_s, undef, cell))
 				return false;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->hasPort("\\A"))
-			sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID(A)))
+			sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 
-		if (cell->hasPort("\\B"))
-			sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID(B)))
+			sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux", "$_MUX_", "$_NMUX_"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_)))
 		{
 			std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> y_candidates;
 			int count_maybe_set_s_bits = 0;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ struct ConstEval
 			for (auto &yc : y_candidates) {
 				if (!eval(yc, undef, cell))
 					return false;
-				if (cell->type == "$_NMUX_")
+				if (cell->type == ID($_NMUX_))
 					y_values.push_back(RTLIL::const_not(yc.as_const(), Const(), false, false, GetSize(yc)));
 				else
 					y_values.push_back(yc.as_const());
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ struct ConstEval
 			else
 				set(sig_y, y_values.front());
 		}
-		else if (cell->type == "$fa")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($fa))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort("\\C");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_x = cell->getPort("\\X");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(C));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_x = cell->getPort(ID(X));
 			int width = GetSize(sig_c);
 
 			if (!eval(sig_a, undef, cell))
@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ struct ConstEval
 			set(sig_y, val_y);
 			set(sig_x, val_x);
 		}
-		else if (cell->type == "$alu")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($alu))
 		{
-			bool signed_a = cell->parameters.count("\\A_SIGNED") > 0 && cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool();
-			bool signed_b = cell->parameters.count("\\B_SIGNED") > 0 && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool();
+			bool signed_a = cell->parameters.count(ID(A_SIGNED)) > 0 && cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool();
+			bool signed_b = cell->parameters.count(ID(B_SIGNED)) > 0 && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort("\\CI");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_bi = cell->getPort("\\BI");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort(ID(CI));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_bi = cell->getPort(ID(BI));
 
 			if (!eval(sig_a, undef, cell))
 				return false;
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ struct ConstEval
 			if (!eval(sig_bi, undef, cell))
 				return false;
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_x = cell->getPort("\\X");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_co = cell->getPort("\\CO");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_x = cell->getPort(ID(X));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_co = cell->getPort(ID(CO));
 
 			bool any_input_undef = !(sig_a.is_fully_def() && sig_b.is_fully_def() && sig_ci.is_fully_def() && sig_bi.is_fully_def());
 			sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), signed_a);
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ struct ConstEval
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		else if (cell->type == "$macc")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($macc))
 		{
 			Macc macc;
 			macc.from_cell(cell);
@@ -298,21 +298,21 @@ struct ConstEval
 					return false;
 			}
 
-			RTLIL::Const result(0, GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y")));
+			RTLIL::Const result(0, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
 			if (!macc.eval(result))
 				log_abort();
 
-			set(cell->getPort("\\Y"), result);
+			set(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), result);
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c, sig_d;
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$_AOI3_", "$_OAI3_", "$_AOI4_", "$_OAI4_")) {
-				if (cell->hasPort("\\C"))
-					sig_c = cell->getPort("\\C");
-				if (cell->hasPort("\\D"))
-					sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_), ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_))) {
+				if (cell->hasPort(ID(C)))
+					sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(C));
+				if (cell->hasPort(ID(D)))
+					sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
 			}
 
 			if (sig_a.size() > 0 && !eval(sig_a, undef, cell))
diff --git a/kernel/cost.h b/kernel/cost.h
index 10fa50fb3..ea2a4c1f0 100644
--- a/kernel/cost.h
+++ b/kernel/cost.h
@@ -28,44 +28,44 @@ struct CellCosts
 {
 	static const dict<RTLIL::IdString, int>& default_gate_cost() {
 		static const dict<RTLIL::IdString, int> db = {
-			{ "$_BUF_",    1 },
-			{ "$_NOT_",    2 },
-			{ "$_AND_",    4 },
-			{ "$_NAND_",   4 },
-			{ "$_OR_",     4 },
-			{ "$_NOR_",    4 },
-			{ "$_ANDNOT_", 4 },
-			{ "$_ORNOT_",  4 },
-			{ "$_XOR_",    5 },
-			{ "$_XNOR_",   5 },
-			{ "$_AOI3_",   6 },
-			{ "$_OAI3_",   6 },
-			{ "$_AOI4_",   7 },
-			{ "$_OAI4_",   7 },
-			{ "$_MUX_",    4 },
-			{ "$_NMUX_",   4 }
+			{ ID($_BUF_),    1 },
+			{ ID($_NOT_),    2 },
+			{ ID($_AND_),    4 },
+			{ ID($_NAND_),   4 },
+			{ ID($_OR_),     4 },
+			{ ID($_NOR_),    4 },
+			{ ID($_ANDNOT_), 4 },
+			{ ID($_ORNOT_),  4 },
+			{ ID($_XOR_),    5 },
+			{ ID($_XNOR_),   5 },
+			{ ID($_AOI3_),   6 },
+			{ ID($_OAI3_),   6 },
+			{ ID($_AOI4_),   7 },
+			{ ID($_OAI4_),   7 },
+			{ ID($_MUX_),    4 },
+			{ ID($_NMUX_),   4 }
 		};
 		return db;
 	}
 
 	static const dict<RTLIL::IdString, int>& cmos_gate_cost() {
 		static const dict<RTLIL::IdString, int> db = {
-			{ "$_BUF_",     1 },
-			{ "$_NOT_",     2 },
-			{ "$_AND_",     6 },
-			{ "$_NAND_",    4 },
-			{ "$_OR_",      6 },
-			{ "$_NOR_",     4 },
-			{ "$_ANDNOT_",  6 },
-			{ "$_ORNOT_",   6 },
-			{ "$_XOR_",    12 },
-			{ "$_XNOR_",   12 },
-			{ "$_AOI3_",    6 },
-			{ "$_OAI3_",    6 },
-			{ "$_AOI4_",    8 },
-			{ "$_OAI4_",    8 },
-			{ "$_MUX_",    12 },
-			{ "$_NMUX_",   10 }
+			{ ID($_BUF_),     1 },
+			{ ID($_NOT_),     2 },
+			{ ID($_AND_),     6 },
+			{ ID($_NAND_),    4 },
+			{ ID($_OR_),      6 },
+			{ ID($_NOR_),     4 },
+			{ ID($_ANDNOT_),  6 },
+			{ ID($_ORNOT_),   6 },
+			{ ID($_XOR_),    12 },
+			{ ID($_XNOR_),   12 },
+			{ ID($_AOI3_),    6 },
+			{ ID($_OAI3_),    6 },
+			{ ID($_AOI4_),    8 },
+			{ ID($_OAI4_),    8 },
+			{ ID($_MUX_),    12 },
+			{ ID($_NMUX_),   10 }
 		};
 		return db;
 	}
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ struct CellCosts
 		{
 			RTLIL::Module *mod = design->module(cell->type);
 
-			if (mod->attributes.count("\\cost"))
-				return mod->attributes.at("\\cost").as_int();
+			if (mod->attributes.count(ID(cost)))
+				return mod->attributes.at(ID(cost)).as_int();
 
 			if (mod_cost_cache.count(mod->name))
 				return mod_cost_cache.at(mod->name);
diff --git a/kernel/macc.h b/kernel/macc.h
index c7595ebc1..e07e7e01a 100644
--- a/kernel/macc.h
+++ b/kernel/macc.h
@@ -99,16 +99,16 @@ struct Macc
 
 	void from_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec port_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec port_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 
 		ports.clear();
-		bit_ports = cell->getPort("\\B");
+		bit_ports = cell->getPort(ID(B));
 
-		std::vector<RTLIL::State> config_bits = cell->getParam("\\CONFIG").bits;
+		std::vector<RTLIL::State> config_bits = cell->getParam(ID(CONFIG)).bits;
 		int config_cursor = 0;
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-		int config_width = cell->getParam("\\CONFIG_WIDTH").as_int();
+		int config_width = cell->getParam(ID(CONFIG_WIDTH)).as_int();
 		log_assert(GetSize(config_bits) >= config_width);
 #endif
 
@@ -191,12 +191,12 @@ struct Macc
 			port_a.append(port.in_b);
 		}
 
-		cell->setPort("\\A", port_a);
-		cell->setPort("\\B", bit_ports);
-		cell->setParam("\\CONFIG", config_bits);
-		cell->setParam("\\CONFIG_WIDTH", GetSize(config_bits));
-		cell->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", GetSize(port_a));
-		cell->setParam("\\B_WIDTH", GetSize(bit_ports));
+		cell->setPort(ID(A), port_a);
+		cell->setPort(ID(B), bit_ports);
+		cell->setParam(ID(CONFIG), config_bits);
+		cell->setParam(ID(CONFIG_WIDTH), GetSize(config_bits));
+		cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), GetSize(port_a));
+		cell->setParam(ID(B_WIDTH), GetSize(bit_ports));
 	}
 
 	bool eval(RTLIL::Const &result) const
diff --git a/kernel/rtlil.cc b/kernel/rtlil.cc
index 91b6a1d30..30560dd7b 100644
--- a/kernel/rtlil.cc
+++ b/kernel/rtlil.cc
@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ int RTLIL::IdString::last_created_idx_[8];
 int RTLIL::IdString::last_created_idx_ptr_;
 #endif
 
+IdString RTLIL::ID::A;
+IdString RTLIL::ID::B;
+IdString RTLIL::ID::Y;
+IdString RTLIL::ID::keep;
+IdString RTLIL::ID::whitebox;
+IdString RTLIL::ID::blackbox;
+
 RTLIL::Const::Const()
 {
 	flags = RTLIL::CONST_FLAG_NONE;
@@ -266,16 +273,16 @@ pool<string> RTLIL::AttrObject::get_strpool_attribute(RTLIL::IdString id) const
 void RTLIL::AttrObject::set_src_attribute(const std::string &src)
 {
 	if (src.empty())
-		attributes.erase("\\src");
+		attributes.erase(ID(src));
 	else
-		attributes["\\src"] = src;
+		attributes[ID(src)] = src;
 }
 
 std::string RTLIL::AttrObject::get_src_attribute() const
 {
 	std::string src;
-	if (attributes.count("\\src"))
-		src = attributes.at("\\src").decode_string();
+	if (attributes.count(ID(src)))
+		src = attributes.at(ID(src)).decode_string();
 	return src;
 }
 
@@ -419,7 +426,7 @@ RTLIL::Module *RTLIL::Design::top_module()
 	int module_count = 0;
 
 	for (auto mod : selected_modules()) {
-		if (mod->get_bool_attribute("\\top"))
+		if (mod->get_bool_attribute(ID(top)))
 			return mod;
 		module_count++;
 		module = mod;
@@ -708,7 +715,7 @@ void RTLIL::Module::makeblackbox()
 	processes.clear();
 
 	remove(delwires);
-	set_bool_attribute("\\blackbox");
+	set_bool_attribute(ID(blackbox));
 }
 
 void RTLIL::Module::reprocess_module(RTLIL::Design *, dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Module *>)
@@ -756,7 +763,7 @@ namespace {
 					cell->name.c_str(), cell->type.c_str(), __FILE__, linenr, buf.str().c_str());
 		}
 
-		int param(const char *name)
+		int param(RTLIL::IdString name)
 		{
 			if (cell->parameters.count(name) == 0)
 				error(__LINE__);
@@ -764,7 +771,7 @@ namespace {
 			return cell->parameters.at(name).as_int();
 		}
 
-		int param_bool(const char *name)
+		int param_bool(RTLIL::IdString name)
 		{
 			int v = param(name);
 			if (cell->parameters.at(name).bits.size() > 32)
@@ -774,14 +781,14 @@ namespace {
 			return v;
 		}
 
-		void param_bits(const char *name, int width)
+		void param_bits(RTLIL::IdString name, int width)
 		{
 			param(name);
 			if (int(cell->parameters.at(name).bits.size()) != width)
 				error(__LINE__);
 		}
 
-		void port(const char *name, int width)
+		void port(RTLIL::IdString name, int width)
 		{
 			if (!cell->hasPort(name))
 				error(__LINE__);
@@ -799,9 +806,9 @@ namespace {
 				if (expected_ports.count(conn.first) == 0)
 					error(__LINE__);
 
-			if (expected_params.count("\\A_SIGNED") != 0 && expected_params.count("\\B_SIGNED") && check_matched_sign) {
-				bool a_is_signed = param("\\A_SIGNED") != 0;
-				bool b_is_signed = param("\\B_SIGNED") != 0;
+			if (expected_params.count(ID(A_SIGNED)) != 0 && expected_params.count(ID(B_SIGNED)) && check_matched_sign) {
+				bool a_is_signed = param(ID(A_SIGNED)) != 0;
+				bool b_is_signed = param(ID(B_SIGNED)) != 0;
 				if (a_is_signed != b_is_signed)
 					error(__LINE__);
 			}
@@ -834,478 +841,478 @@ namespace {
 					cell->type.begins_with("$verific$") || cell->type.begins_with("$array:") || cell->type.begins_with("$extern:"))
 				return;
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$not", "$pos", "$neg")) {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($pos), ID($neg))) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor")) {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				param_bool("\\B_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\B_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor))) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$reduce_bool")) {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool))) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx")) {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				param_bool("\\B_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\B_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx))) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected(false);
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$lt", "$le", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", "$ge", "$gt")) {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				param_bool("\\B_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\B_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt))) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod", "$pow")) {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				param_bool("\\B_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\B_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
-				check_expected(cell->type != "$pow");
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow))) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				check_expected(cell->type != ID($pow));
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$fa") {
-				port("\\A", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\C", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\X", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($fa)) {
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(C), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(X), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$lcu") {
-				port("\\P", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\G", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\CI", 1);
-				port("\\CO", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($lcu)) {
+				port(ID(P), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(G), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(CI), 1);
+				port(ID(CO), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$alu") {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				param_bool("\\B_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\B_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\CI", 1);
-				port("\\BI", 1);
-				port("\\X", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\CO", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($alu)) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(CI), 1);
+				port(ID(BI), 1);
+				port(ID(X), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(CO), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$macc") {
-				param("\\CONFIG");
-				param("\\CONFIG_WIDTH");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\B_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($macc)) {
+				param(ID(CONFIG));
+				param(ID(CONFIG_WIDTH));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				Macc().from_cell(cell);
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$logic_not") {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($logic_not)) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$logic_and", "$logic_or")) {
-				param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-				param_bool("\\B_SIGNED");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\B_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or))) {
+				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected(false);
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$slice") {
-				param("\\OFFSET");
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\Y_WIDTH"));
-				if (param("\\OFFSET") + param("\\Y_WIDTH") > param("\\A_WIDTH"))
+			if (cell->type == ID($slice)) {
+				param(ID(OFFSET));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				if (param(ID(OFFSET)) + param(ID(Y_WIDTH)) > param(ID(A_WIDTH)))
 					error(__LINE__);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$concat") {
-				port("\\A", param("\\A_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\B_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\A_WIDTH") + param("\\B_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($concat)) {
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(A_WIDTH)) + param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$mux") {
-				port("\\A", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\S", 1);
-				port("\\Y", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(S), 1);
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$pmux") {
-				port("\\A", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\B", param("\\WIDTH") * param("\\S_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\S", param("\\S_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($pmux)) {
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(B), param(ID(WIDTH)) * param(ID(S_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(S), param(ID(S_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$lut") {
-				param("\\LUT");
-				port("\\A", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", 1);
+			if (cell->type == ID($lut)) {
+				param(ID(LUT));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$sop") {
-				param("\\DEPTH");
-				param("\\TABLE");
-				port("\\A", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", 1);
+			if (cell->type == ID($sop)) {
+				param(ID(DEPTH));
+				param(ID(TABLE));
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$sr") {
-				param_bool("\\SET_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\CLR_POLARITY");
-				port("\\SET", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\CLR", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Q",   param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($sr)) {
+				param_bool(ID(SET_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(CLR_POLARITY));
+				port(ID(SET), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(CLR), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Q),   param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$ff") {
-				port("\\D", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Q", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($ff)) {
+				port(ID(D), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Q), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$dff") {
-				param_bool("\\CLK_POLARITY");
-				port("\\CLK", 1);
-				port("\\D", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Q", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($dff)) {
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_POLARITY));
+				port(ID(CLK), 1);
+				port(ID(D), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Q), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$dffe") {
-				param_bool("\\CLK_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\EN_POLARITY");
-				port("\\CLK", 1);
-				port("\\EN", 1);
-				port("\\D", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Q", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($dffe)) {
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(EN_POLARITY));
+				port(ID(CLK), 1);
+				port(ID(EN), 1);
+				port(ID(D), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Q), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$dffsr") {
-				param_bool("\\CLK_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\SET_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\CLR_POLARITY");
-				port("\\CLK", 1);
-				port("\\SET", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\CLR", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\D", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Q", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($dffsr)) {
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(SET_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(CLR_POLARITY));
+				port(ID(CLK), 1);
+				port(ID(SET), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(CLR), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(D), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Q), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$adff") {
-				param_bool("\\CLK_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\ARST_POLARITY");
-				param_bits("\\ARST_VALUE", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\CLK", 1);
-				port("\\ARST", 1);
-				port("\\D", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Q", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($adff)) {
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(ARST_POLARITY));
+				param_bits(ID(ARST_VALUE), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(CLK), 1);
+				port(ID(ARST), 1);
+				port(ID(D), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Q), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$dlatch") {
-				param_bool("\\EN_POLARITY");
-				port("\\EN", 1);
-				port("\\D", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Q", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($dlatch)) {
+				param_bool(ID(EN_POLARITY));
+				port(ID(EN), 1);
+				port(ID(D), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Q), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$dlatchsr") {
-				param_bool("\\EN_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\SET_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\CLR_POLARITY");
-				port("\\EN", 1);
-				port("\\SET", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\CLR", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\D", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Q", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($dlatchsr)) {
+				param_bool(ID(EN_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(SET_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(CLR_POLARITY));
+				port(ID(EN), 1);
+				port(ID(SET), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(CLR), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(D), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Q), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$fsm") {
-				param("\\NAME");
-				param_bool("\\CLK_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\ARST_POLARITY");
-				param("\\STATE_BITS");
-				param("\\STATE_NUM");
-				param("\\STATE_NUM_LOG2");
-				param("\\STATE_RST");
-				param_bits("\\STATE_TABLE", param("\\STATE_BITS") * param("\\STATE_NUM"));
-				param("\\TRANS_NUM");
-				param_bits("\\TRANS_TABLE", param("\\TRANS_NUM") * (2*param("\\STATE_NUM_LOG2") + param("\\CTRL_IN_WIDTH") + param("\\CTRL_OUT_WIDTH")));
-				port("\\CLK", 1);
-				port("\\ARST", 1);
-				port("\\CTRL_IN", param("\\CTRL_IN_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\CTRL_OUT", param("\\CTRL_OUT_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($fsm)) {
+				param(ID(NAME));
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(ARST_POLARITY));
+				param(ID(STATE_BITS));
+				param(ID(STATE_NUM));
+				param(ID(STATE_NUM_LOG2));
+				param(ID(STATE_RST));
+				param_bits(ID(STATE_TABLE), param(ID(STATE_BITS)) * param(ID(STATE_NUM)));
+				param(ID(TRANS_NUM));
+				param_bits(ID(TRANS_TABLE), param(ID(TRANS_NUM)) * (2*param(ID(STATE_NUM_LOG2)) + param(ID(CTRL_IN_WIDTH)) + param(ID(CTRL_OUT_WIDTH))));
+				port(ID(CLK), 1);
+				port(ID(ARST), 1);
+				port(ID(CTRL_IN), param(ID(CTRL_IN_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(CTRL_OUT), param(ID(CTRL_OUT_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$memrd") {
-				param("\\MEMID");
-				param_bool("\\CLK_ENABLE");
-				param_bool("\\CLK_POLARITY");
-				param_bool("\\TRANSPARENT");
-				port("\\CLK", 1);
-				port("\\EN", 1);
-				port("\\ADDR", param("\\ABITS"));
-				port("\\DATA", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($memrd)) {
+				param(ID(MEMID));
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_ENABLE));
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_POLARITY));
+				param_bool(ID(TRANSPARENT));
+				port(ID(CLK), 1);
+				port(ID(EN), 1);
+				port(ID(ADDR), param(ID(ABITS)));
+				port(ID(DATA), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$memwr") {
-				param("\\MEMID");
-				param_bool("\\CLK_ENABLE");
-				param_bool("\\CLK_POLARITY");
-				param("\\PRIORITY");
-				port("\\CLK", 1);
-				port("\\EN", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\ADDR", param("\\ABITS"));
-				port("\\DATA", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($memwr)) {
+				param(ID(MEMID));
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_ENABLE));
+				param_bool(ID(CLK_POLARITY));
+				param(ID(PRIORITY));
+				port(ID(CLK), 1);
+				port(ID(EN), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(ADDR), param(ID(ABITS)));
+				port(ID(DATA), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$meminit") {
-				param("\\MEMID");
-				param("\\PRIORITY");
-				port("\\ADDR", param("\\ABITS"));
-				port("\\DATA", param("\\WIDTH") * param("\\WORDS"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($meminit)) {
+				param(ID(MEMID));
+				param(ID(PRIORITY));
+				port(ID(ADDR), param(ID(ABITS)));
+				port(ID(DATA), param(ID(WIDTH)) * param(ID(WORDS)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$mem") {
-				param("\\MEMID");
-				param("\\SIZE");
-				param("\\OFFSET");
-				param("\\INIT");
-				param_bits("\\RD_CLK_ENABLE", max(1, param("\\RD_PORTS")));
-				param_bits("\\RD_CLK_POLARITY", max(1, param("\\RD_PORTS")));
-				param_bits("\\RD_TRANSPARENT", max(1, param("\\RD_PORTS")));
-				param_bits("\\WR_CLK_ENABLE", max(1, param("\\WR_PORTS")));
-				param_bits("\\WR_CLK_POLARITY", max(1, param("\\WR_PORTS")));
-				port("\\RD_CLK", param("\\RD_PORTS"));
-				port("\\RD_EN", param("\\RD_PORTS"));
-				port("\\RD_ADDR", param("\\RD_PORTS") * param("\\ABITS"));
-				port("\\RD_DATA", param("\\RD_PORTS") * param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\WR_CLK", param("\\WR_PORTS"));
-				port("\\WR_EN", param("\\WR_PORTS") * param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\WR_ADDR", param("\\WR_PORTS") * param("\\ABITS"));
-				port("\\WR_DATA", param("\\WR_PORTS") * param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($mem)) {
+				param(ID(MEMID));
+				param(ID(SIZE));
+				param(ID(OFFSET));
+				param(ID(INIT));
+				param_bits(ID(RD_CLK_ENABLE), max(1, param(ID(RD_PORTS))));
+				param_bits(ID(RD_CLK_POLARITY), max(1, param(ID(RD_PORTS))));
+				param_bits(ID(RD_TRANSPARENT), max(1, param(ID(RD_PORTS))));
+				param_bits(ID(WR_CLK_ENABLE), max(1, param(ID(WR_PORTS))));
+				param_bits(ID(WR_CLK_POLARITY), max(1, param(ID(WR_PORTS))));
+				port(ID(RD_CLK), param(ID(RD_PORTS)));
+				port(ID(RD_EN), param(ID(RD_PORTS)));
+				port(ID(RD_ADDR), param(ID(RD_PORTS)) * param(ID(ABITS)));
+				port(ID(RD_DATA), param(ID(RD_PORTS)) * param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(WR_CLK), param(ID(WR_PORTS)));
+				port(ID(WR_EN), param(ID(WR_PORTS)) * param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(WR_ADDR), param(ID(WR_PORTS)) * param(ID(ABITS)));
+				port(ID(WR_DATA), param(ID(WR_PORTS)) * param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$tribuf") {
-				port("\\A", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\Y", param("\\WIDTH"));
-				port("\\EN", 1);
+			if (cell->type == ID($tribuf)) {
+				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(EN), 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$assert", "$assume", "$live", "$fair", "$cover")) {
-				port("\\A", 1);
-				port("\\EN", 1);
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($assert), ID($assume), ID($live), ID($fair), ID($cover))) {
+				port(ID(A), 1);
+				port(ID(EN), 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$initstate") {
-				port("\\Y", 1);
+			if (cell->type == ID($initstate)) {
+				port(ID(Y), 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$anyconst", "$anyseq", "$allconst", "$allseq")) {
-				port("\\Y", param("\\WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($anyconst), ID($anyseq), ID($allconst), ID($allseq))) {
+				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$equiv") {
-				port("\\A", 1);
-				port("\\B", 1);
-				port("\\Y", 1);
+			if (cell->type == ID($equiv)) {
+				port(ID(A), 1);
+				port(ID(B), 1);
+				port(ID(Y), 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$specify2", "$specify3")) {
-				param_bool("\\FULL");
-				param_bool("\\SRC_DST_PEN");
-				param_bool("\\SRC_DST_POL");
-				param("\\T_RISE_MIN");
-				param("\\T_RISE_TYP");
-				param("\\T_RISE_MAX");
-				param("\\T_FALL_MIN");
-				param("\\T_FALL_TYP");
-				param("\\T_FALL_MAX");
-				port("\\EN", 1);
-				port("\\SRC", param("\\SRC_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\DST", param("\\DST_WIDTH"));
-				if (cell->type == "$specify3") {
-					param_bool("\\EDGE_EN");
-					param_bool("\\EDGE_POL");
-					param_bool("\\DAT_DST_PEN");
-					param_bool("\\DAT_DST_POL");
-					port("\\DAT", param("\\DST_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($specify2), ID($specify3))) {
+				param_bool(ID(FULL));
+				param_bool(ID(SRC_DST_PEN));
+				param_bool(ID(SRC_DST_POL));
+				param(ID(T_RISE_MIN));
+				param(ID(T_RISE_TYP));
+				param(ID(T_RISE_MAX));
+				param(ID(T_FALL_MIN));
+				param(ID(T_FALL_TYP));
+				param(ID(T_FALL_MAX));
+				port(ID(EN), 1);
+				port(ID(SRC), param(ID(SRC_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(DST), param(ID(DST_WIDTH)));
+				if (cell->type == ID($specify3)) {
+					param_bool(ID(EDGE_EN));
+					param_bool(ID(EDGE_POL));
+					param_bool(ID(DAT_DST_PEN));
+					param_bool(ID(DAT_DST_POL));
+					port(ID(DAT), param(ID(DST_WIDTH)));
 				}
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$specrule") {
-				param("\\TYPE");
-				param_bool("\\SRC_PEN");
-				param_bool("\\SRC_POL");
-				param_bool("\\DST_PEN");
-				param_bool("\\DST_POL");
-				param("\\T_LIMIT");
-				param("\\T_LIMIT2");
-				port("\\SRC_EN", 1);
-				port("\\DST_EN", 1);
-				port("\\SRC", param("\\SRC_WIDTH"));
-				port("\\DST", param("\\DST_WIDTH"));
+			if (cell->type == ID($specrule)) {
+				param(ID(TYPE));
+				param_bool(ID(SRC_PEN));
+				param_bool(ID(SRC_POL));
+				param_bool(ID(DST_PEN));
+				param_bool(ID(DST_POL));
+				param(ID(T_LIMIT));
+				param(ID(T_LIMIT2));
+				port(ID(SRC_EN), 1);
+				port(ID(DST_EN), 1);
+				port(ID(SRC), param(ID(SRC_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID(DST), param(ID(DST_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_BUF_")    { check_gate("AY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_NOT_")    { check_gate("AY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_AND_")    { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_NAND_")   { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_OR_")     { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_NOR_")    { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_XOR_")    { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_XNOR_")   { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_ANDNOT_") { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_ORNOT_")  { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_MUX_")    { check_gate("ABSY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_NMUX_")   { check_gate("ABSY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_AOI3_")   { check_gate("ABCY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_OAI3_")   { check_gate("ABCY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_AOI4_")   { check_gate("ABCDY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_OAI4_")   { check_gate("ABCDY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_BUF_))    { check_gate("AY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_NOT_))    { check_gate("AY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_AND_))    { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_NAND_))   { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_OR_))     { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_NOR_))    { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_XOR_))    { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_XNOR_))   { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_ANDNOT_)) { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_ORNOT_))  { check_gate("ABY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_))    { check_gate("ABSY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_NMUX_))   { check_gate("ABSY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_AOI3_))   { check_gate("ABCY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_OAI3_))   { check_gate("ABCY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_AOI4_))   { check_gate("ABCDY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_OAI4_))   { check_gate("ABCDY"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_TBUF_")  { check_gate("AYE"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_))  { check_gate("AYE"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_MUX4_")  { check_gate("ABCDSTY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_MUX8_")  { check_gate("ABCDEFGHSTUY"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_MUX16_") { check_gate("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPSTUVY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_MUX4_))  { check_gate("ABCDSTY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_MUX8_))  { check_gate("ABCDEFGHSTUY"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_MUX16_)) { check_gate("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPSTUVY"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_SR_NN_") { check_gate("SRQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_SR_NP_") { check_gate("SRQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_SR_PN_") { check_gate("SRQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_SR_PP_") { check_gate("SRQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_SR_NN_)) { check_gate("SRQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_SR_NP_)) { check_gate("SRQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_SR_PN_)) { check_gate("SRQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_SR_PP_)) { check_gate("SRQ"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_FF_")    { check_gate("DQ");  return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_N_") { check_gate("DQC"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_P_") { check_gate("DQC"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_FF_))    { check_gate("DQ");  return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_N_)) { check_gate("DQC"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_)) { check_gate("DQC"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFE_NN_") { check_gate("DQCE"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFE_NP_") { check_gate("DQCE"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFE_PN_") { check_gate("DQCE"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFE_PP_") { check_gate("DQCE"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFE_NN_)) { check_gate("DQCE"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFE_NP_)) { check_gate("DQCE"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFE_PN_)) { check_gate("DQCE"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFE_PP_)) { check_gate("DQCE"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_NN0_") { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_NN1_") { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_NP0_") { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_NP1_") { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_PN0_") { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_PN1_") { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_PP0_") { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFF_PP1_") { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_NN0_)) { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_NN1_)) { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_NP0_)) { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_NP1_)) { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_PN0_)) { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_PN1_)) { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_PP0_)) { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_PP1_)) { check_gate("DQCR"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFSR_NNN_") { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFSR_NNP_") { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFSR_NPN_") { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFSR_NPP_") { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFSR_PNN_") { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFSR_PNP_") { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFSR_PPN_") { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DFFSR_PPP_") { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFSR_NNN_)) { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFSR_NNP_)) { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFSR_NPN_)) { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFSR_NPP_)) { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFSR_PNN_)) { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFSR_PNP_)) { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFSR_PPN_)) { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DFFSR_PPP_)) { check_gate("CSRDQ"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCH_N_") { check_gate("EDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCH_P_") { check_gate("EDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCH_N_)) { check_gate("EDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCH_P_)) { check_gate("EDQ"); return; }
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCHSR_NNN_") { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCHSR_NNP_") { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCHSR_NPN_") { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCHSR_NPP_") { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCHSR_PNN_") { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCHSR_PNP_") { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCHSR_PPN_") { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
-			if (cell->type == "$_DLATCHSR_PPP_") { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCHSR_NNN_)) { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCHSR_NNP_)) { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCHSR_NPN_)) { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCHSR_NPP_)) { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCHSR_PNN_)) { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCHSR_PNP_)) { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCHSR_PPN_)) { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
+			if (cell->type == ID($_DLATCHSR_PPP_)) { check_gate("ESRDQ"); return; }
 
 			error(__LINE__);
 		}
@@ -1819,11 +1826,11 @@ RTLIL::Cell *RTLIL::Module::addCell(RTLIL::IdString name, const RTLIL::Cell *oth
 #define DEF_METHOD(_func, _y_size, _type) \
 	RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::add ## _func(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, bool is_signed, const std::string &src) { \
 		RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, _type);           \
-		cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = is_signed;         \
-		cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = sig_a.size();       \
-		cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = sig_y.size();       \
-		cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);                        \
-		cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);                        \
+		cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = is_signed;         \
+		cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();       \
+		cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = sig_y.size();       \
+		cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);                        \
+		cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);                        \
 		cell->set_src_attribute(src);                       \
 		return cell;                                        \
 	} \
@@ -1832,28 +1839,28 @@ RTLIL::Cell *RTLIL::Module::addCell(RTLIL::IdString name, const RTLIL::Cell *oth
 		add ## _func(name, sig_a, sig_y, is_signed, src);   \
 		return sig_y;                                       \
 	}
-DEF_METHOD(Not,        sig_a.size(), "$not")
-DEF_METHOD(Pos,        sig_a.size(), "$pos")
-DEF_METHOD(Neg,        sig_a.size(), "$neg")
-DEF_METHOD(ReduceAnd,  1, "$reduce_and")
-DEF_METHOD(ReduceOr,   1, "$reduce_or")
-DEF_METHOD(ReduceXor,  1, "$reduce_xor")
-DEF_METHOD(ReduceXnor, 1, "$reduce_xnor")
-DEF_METHOD(ReduceBool, 1, "$reduce_bool")
-DEF_METHOD(LogicNot,   1, "$logic_not")
+DEF_METHOD(Not,        sig_a.size(), ID($not))
+DEF_METHOD(Pos,        sig_a.size(), ID($pos))
+DEF_METHOD(Neg,        sig_a.size(), ID($neg))
+DEF_METHOD(ReduceAnd,  1, ID($reduce_and))
+DEF_METHOD(ReduceOr,   1, ID($reduce_or))
+DEF_METHOD(ReduceXor,  1, ID($reduce_xor))
+DEF_METHOD(ReduceXnor, 1, ID($reduce_xnor))
+DEF_METHOD(ReduceBool, 1, ID($reduce_bool))
+DEF_METHOD(LogicNot,   1, ID($logic_not))
 #undef DEF_METHOD
 
 #define DEF_METHOD(_func, _y_size, _type) \
 	RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::add ## _func(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, bool is_signed, const std::string &src) { \
 		RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, _type);           \
-		cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = is_signed;         \
-		cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = is_signed;         \
-		cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = sig_a.size();       \
-		cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = sig_b.size();       \
-		cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = sig_y.size();       \
-		cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);                        \
-		cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b);                        \
-		cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);                        \
+		cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = is_signed;         \
+		cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = is_signed;         \
+		cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();       \
+		cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = sig_b.size();       \
+		cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = sig_y.size();       \
+		cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);                        \
+		cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);                        \
+		cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);                        \
 		cell->set_src_attribute(src);                       \
 		return cell;                                        \
 	} \
@@ -1862,42 +1869,42 @@ DEF_METHOD(LogicNot,   1, "$logic_not")
 		add ## _func(name, sig_a, sig_b, sig_y, is_signed, src); \
 		return sig_y;                                            \
 	}
-DEF_METHOD(And,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$and")
-DEF_METHOD(Or,       max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$or")
-DEF_METHOD(Xor,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$xor")
-DEF_METHOD(Xnor,     max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$xnor")
-DEF_METHOD(Shl,      sig_a.size(), "$shl")
-DEF_METHOD(Shr,      sig_a.size(), "$shr")
-DEF_METHOD(Sshl,     sig_a.size(), "$sshl")
-DEF_METHOD(Sshr,     sig_a.size(), "$sshr")
-DEF_METHOD(Shift,    sig_a.size(), "$shift")
-DEF_METHOD(Shiftx,   sig_a.size(), "$shiftx")
-DEF_METHOD(Lt,       1, "$lt")
-DEF_METHOD(Le,       1, "$le")
-DEF_METHOD(Eq,       1, "$eq")
-DEF_METHOD(Ne,       1, "$ne")
-DEF_METHOD(Eqx,      1, "$eqx")
-DEF_METHOD(Nex,      1, "$nex")
-DEF_METHOD(Ge,       1, "$ge")
-DEF_METHOD(Gt,       1, "$gt")
-DEF_METHOD(Add,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$add")
-DEF_METHOD(Sub,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$sub")
-DEF_METHOD(Mul,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$mul")
-DEF_METHOD(Div,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$div")
-DEF_METHOD(Mod,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), "$mod")
-DEF_METHOD(LogicAnd, 1, "$logic_and")
-DEF_METHOD(LogicOr,  1, "$logic_or")
+DEF_METHOD(And,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($and))
+DEF_METHOD(Or,       max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($or))
+DEF_METHOD(Xor,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($xor))
+DEF_METHOD(Xnor,     max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($xnor))
+DEF_METHOD(Shl,      sig_a.size(), ID($shl))
+DEF_METHOD(Shr,      sig_a.size(), ID($shr))
+DEF_METHOD(Sshl,     sig_a.size(), ID($sshl))
+DEF_METHOD(Sshr,     sig_a.size(), ID($sshr))
+DEF_METHOD(Shift,    sig_a.size(), ID($shift))
+DEF_METHOD(Shiftx,   sig_a.size(), ID($shiftx))
+DEF_METHOD(Lt,       1, ID($lt))
+DEF_METHOD(Le,       1, ID($le))
+DEF_METHOD(Eq,       1, ID($eq))
+DEF_METHOD(Ne,       1, ID($ne))
+DEF_METHOD(Eqx,      1, ID($eqx))
+DEF_METHOD(Nex,      1, ID($nex))
+DEF_METHOD(Ge,       1, ID($ge))
+DEF_METHOD(Gt,       1, ID($gt))
+DEF_METHOD(Add,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($add))
+DEF_METHOD(Sub,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($sub))
+DEF_METHOD(Mul,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($mul))
+DEF_METHOD(Div,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($div))
+DEF_METHOD(Mod,      max(sig_a.size(), sig_b.size()), ID($mod))
+DEF_METHOD(LogicAnd, 1, ID($logic_and))
+DEF_METHOD(LogicOr,  1, ID($logic_or))
 #undef DEF_METHOD
 
 #define DEF_METHOD(_func, _type, _pmux) \
 	RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::add ## _func(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, const std::string &src) { \
 		RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, _type);                 \
-		cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_a.size();               \
-		if (_pmux) cell->parameters["\\S_WIDTH"] = sig_s.size();  \
-		cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);                              \
-		cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b);                              \
-		cell->setPort("\\S", sig_s);                              \
-		cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);                              \
+		cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();               \
+		if (_pmux) cell->parameters[ID(S_WIDTH)] = sig_s.size();  \
+		cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);                              \
+		cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);                              \
+		cell->setPort(ID(S), sig_s);                              \
+		cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);                              \
 		cell->set_src_attribute(src);                             \
 		return cell;                                              \
 	} \
@@ -1906,8 +1913,8 @@ DEF_METHOD(LogicOr,  1, "$logic_or")
 		add ## _func(name, sig_a, sig_b, sig_s, sig_y, src);      \
 		return sig_y;                                             \
 	}
-DEF_METHOD(Mux,      "$mux",        0)
-DEF_METHOD(Pmux,     "$pmux",       1)
+DEF_METHOD(Mux,      ID($mux),        0)
+DEF_METHOD(Pmux,     ID($pmux),       1)
 #undef DEF_METHOD
 
 #define DEF_METHOD_2(_func, _type, _P1, _P2) \
@@ -1968,22 +1975,22 @@ DEF_METHOD(Pmux,     "$pmux",       1)
 		add ## _func(name, sig1, sig2, sig3, sig4, sig5, src); \
 		return sig5;                                           \
 	}
-DEF_METHOD_2(BufGate,    "$_BUF_",    A, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_2(NotGate,    "$_NOT_",    A, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_3(AndGate,    "$_AND_",    A, B, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_3(NandGate,   "$_NAND_",   A, B, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_3(OrGate,     "$_OR_",     A, B, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_3(NorGate,    "$_NOR_",    A, B, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_3(XorGate,    "$_XOR_",    A, B, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_3(XnorGate,   "$_XNOR_",   A, B, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_3(AndnotGate, "$_ANDNOT_", A, B, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_3(OrnotGate,  "$_ORNOT_",  A, B, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_4(MuxGate,    "$_MUX_",    A, B, S, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_4(NmuxGate,   "$_NMUX_",   A, B, S, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_4(Aoi3Gate,   "$_AOI3_",   A, B, C, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_4(Oai3Gate,   "$_OAI3_",   A, B, C, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_5(Aoi4Gate,   "$_AOI4_",   A, B, C, D, Y)
-DEF_METHOD_5(Oai4Gate,   "$_OAI4_",   A, B, C, D, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_2(BufGate,    ID($_BUF_),    A, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_2(NotGate,    ID($_NOT_),    A, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_3(AndGate,    ID($_AND_),    A, B, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_3(NandGate,   ID($_NAND_),   A, B, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_3(OrGate,     ID($_OR_),     A, B, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_3(NorGate,    ID($_NOR_),    A, B, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_3(XorGate,    ID($_XOR_),    A, B, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_3(XnorGate,   ID($_XNOR_),   A, B, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_3(AndnotGate, ID($_ANDNOT_), A, B, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_3(OrnotGate,  ID($_ORNOT_),  A, B, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_4(MuxGate,    ID($_MUX_),    A, B, S, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_4(NmuxGate,   ID($_NMUX_),   A, B, S, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_4(Aoi3Gate,   ID($_AOI3_),   A, B, C, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_4(Oai3Gate,   ID($_OAI3_),   A, B, C, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_5(Aoi4Gate,   ID($_AOI4_),   A, B, C, D, Y)
+DEF_METHOD_5(Oai4Gate,   ID($_OAI4_),   A, B, C, D, Y)
 #undef DEF_METHOD_2
 #undef DEF_METHOD_3
 #undef DEF_METHOD_4
@@ -1991,165 +1998,165 @@ DEF_METHOD_5(Oai4Gate,   "$_OAI4_",   A, B, C, D, Y)
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addPow(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, bool a_signed, bool b_signed, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$pow");
-	cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = a_signed;
-	cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = b_signed;
-	cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = sig_a.size();
-	cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = sig_b.size();
-	cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = sig_y.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($pow));
+	cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = a_signed;
+	cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = b_signed;
+	cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
+	cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = sig_b.size();
+	cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = sig_y.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addSlice(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, RTLIL::Const offset, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$slice");
-	cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = sig_a.size();
-	cell->parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = sig_y.size();
-	cell->parameters["\\OFFSET"] = offset;
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($slice));
+	cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
+	cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = sig_y.size();
+	cell->parameters[ID(OFFSET)] = offset;
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addConcat(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$concat");
-	cell->parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = sig_a.size();
-	cell->parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = sig_b.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($concat));
+	cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
+	cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = sig_b.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addLut(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, RTLIL::Const lut, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$lut");
-	cell->parameters["\\LUT"] = lut;
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_a.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($lut));
+	cell->parameters[ID(LUT)] = lut;
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addTribuf(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$tribuf");
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_a.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($tribuf));
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAssert(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$assert");
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($assert));
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAssume(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$assume");
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($assume));
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addLive(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$live");
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($live));
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addFair(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$fair");
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($fair));
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addCover(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$cover");
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($cover));
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addEquiv(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$equiv");
-	cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($equiv));
+	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addSr(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_set, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clr, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool set_polarity, bool clr_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$sr");
-	cell->parameters["\\SET_POLARITY"] = set_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\CLR_POLARITY"] = clr_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_q.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\SET", sig_set);
-	cell->setPort("\\CLR", sig_clr);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($sr));
+	cell->parameters[ID(SET_POLARITY)] = set_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(CLR_POLARITY)] = clr_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_q.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(SET), sig_set);
+	cell->setPort(ID(CLR), sig_clr);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addFf(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$ff");
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_q.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($ff));
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_q.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDff(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool clk_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$dff");
-	cell->parameters["\\CLK_POLARITY"] = clk_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_q.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\CLK", sig_clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($dff));
+	cell->parameters[ID(CLK_POLARITY)] = clk_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_q.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(CLK), sig_clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDffe(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool clk_polarity, bool en_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$dffe");
-	cell->parameters["\\CLK_POLARITY"] = clk_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\EN_POLARITY"] = en_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_q.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\CLK", sig_clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($dffe));
+	cell->parameters[ID(CLK_POLARITY)] = clk_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(EN_POLARITY)] = en_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_q.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(CLK), sig_clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2157,16 +2164,16 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDffe(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDffsr(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_set, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clr,
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool clk_polarity, bool set_polarity, bool clr_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$dffsr");
-	cell->parameters["\\CLK_POLARITY"] = clk_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\SET_POLARITY"] = set_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\CLR_POLARITY"] = clr_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_q.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\CLK", sig_clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\SET", sig_set);
-	cell->setPort("\\CLR", sig_clr);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($dffsr));
+	cell->parameters[ID(CLK_POLARITY)] = clk_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(SET_POLARITY)] = set_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(CLR_POLARITY)] = clr_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_q.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(CLK), sig_clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(SET), sig_set);
+	cell->setPort(ID(CLR), sig_clr);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2174,27 +2181,27 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDffsr(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_cl
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAdff(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_arst, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q,
 		RTLIL::Const arst_value, bool clk_polarity, bool arst_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$adff");
-	cell->parameters["\\CLK_POLARITY"] = clk_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\ARST_POLARITY"] = arst_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\ARST_VALUE"] = arst_value;
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_q.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\CLK", sig_clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\ARST", sig_arst);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($adff));
+	cell->parameters[ID(CLK_POLARITY)] = clk_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(ARST_POLARITY)] = arst_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(ARST_VALUE)] = arst_value;
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_q.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(CLK), sig_clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(ARST), sig_arst);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDlatch(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool en_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$dlatch");
-	cell->parameters["\\EN_POLARITY"] = en_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_q.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($dlatch));
+	cell->parameters[ID(EN_POLARITY)] = en_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_q.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2202,25 +2209,25 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDlatch(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_e
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDlatchsr(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_set, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clr,
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool en_polarity, bool set_polarity, bool clr_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$dlatchsr");
-	cell->parameters["\\EN_POLARITY"] = en_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\SET_POLARITY"] = set_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\CLR_POLARITY"] = clr_polarity;
-	cell->parameters["\\WIDTH"] = sig_q.size();
-	cell->setPort("\\EN", sig_en);
-	cell->setPort("\\SET", sig_set);
-	cell->setPort("\\CLR", sig_clr);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($dlatchsr));
+	cell->parameters[ID(EN_POLARITY)] = en_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(SET_POLARITY)] = set_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(CLR_POLARITY)] = clr_polarity;
+	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_q.size();
+	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
+	cell->setPort(ID(SET), sig_set);
+	cell->setPort(ID(CLR), sig_clr);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
 
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addFfGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, const std::string &src)
 {
-	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$_FF_");
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($_FF_));
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2228,9 +2235,9 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addFfGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDffGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool clk_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, stringf("$_DFF_%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-	cell->setPort("\\C", sig_clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	cell->setPort(ID(C), sig_clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2238,10 +2245,10 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDffGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDffeGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool clk_polarity, bool en_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-	cell->setPort("\\C", sig_clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\E", sig_en);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	cell->setPort(ID(C), sig_clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(E), sig_en);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2250,11 +2257,11 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDffsrGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec si
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool clk_polarity, bool set_polarity, bool clr_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, stringf("$_DFFSR_%c%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', set_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', clr_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-	cell->setPort("\\C", sig_clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\S", sig_set);
-	cell->setPort("\\R", sig_clr);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	cell->setPort(ID(C), sig_clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(S), sig_set);
+	cell->setPort(ID(R), sig_clr);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2263,10 +2270,10 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAdffGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig
 		bool arst_value, bool clk_polarity, bool arst_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, stringf("$_DFF_%c%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', arst_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', arst_value ? '1' : '0'));
-	cell->setPort("\\C", sig_clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\R", sig_arst);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	cell->setPort(ID(C), sig_clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(R), sig_arst);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2274,9 +2281,9 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAdffGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDlatchGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool en_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, stringf("$_DLATCH_%c_", en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-	cell->setPort("\\E", sig_en);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	cell->setPort(ID(E), sig_en);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2285,11 +2292,11 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDlatchsrGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q, bool en_polarity, bool set_polarity, bool clr_polarity, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, stringf("$_DLATCHSR_%c%c%c_", en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', set_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', clr_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-	cell->setPort("\\E", sig_en);
-	cell->setPort("\\S", sig_set);
-	cell->setPort("\\R", sig_clr);
-	cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-	cell->setPort("\\Q", sig_q);
+	cell->setPort(ID(E), sig_en);
+	cell->setPort(ID(S), sig_set);
+	cell->setPort(ID(R), sig_clr);
+	cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2297,9 +2304,9 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addDlatchsrGate(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec
 RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Anyconst(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID, width);
-	Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$anyconst");
-	cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", width);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig);
+	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($anyconst));
+	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2307,9 +2314,9 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Anyconst(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const st
 RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Anyseq(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID, width);
-	Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$anyseq");
-	cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", width);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig);
+	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($anyseq));
+	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2317,9 +2324,9 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Anyseq(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const std:
 RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Allconst(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID, width);
-	Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$allconst");
-	cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", width);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig);
+	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($allconst));
+	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2327,9 +2334,9 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Allconst(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const st
 RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Allseq(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID, width);
-	Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$allseq");
-	cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", width);
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig);
+	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($allseq));
+	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2337,8 +2344,8 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Allseq(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const std:
 RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Initstate(RTLIL::IdString name, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID);
-	Cell *cell = addCell(name, "$initstate");
-	cell->setPort("\\Y", sig);
+	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($initstate));
+	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2559,56 +2566,56 @@ void RTLIL::Cell::fixup_parameters(bool set_a_signed, bool set_b_signed)
 			type.begins_with("$verific$") || type.begins_with("$array:") || type.begins_with("$extern:"))
 		return;
 
-	if (type == "$mux" || type == "$pmux") {
-		parameters["\\WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\Y"]);
-		if (type == "$pmux")
-			parameters["\\S_WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\S"]);
+	if (type == ID($mux) || type == ID($pmux)) {
+		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(Y)]);
+		if (type == ID($pmux))
+			parameters[ID(S_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(S)]);
 		check();
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (type == "$lut" || type == "$sop") {
-		parameters["\\WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\A"]);
+	if (type == ID($lut) || type == ID($sop)) {
+		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(A)]);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (type == "$fa") {
-		parameters["\\WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\Y"]);
+	if (type == ID($fa)) {
+		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(Y)]);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (type == "$lcu") {
-		parameters["\\WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\CO"]);
+	if (type == ID($lcu)) {
+		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(CO)]);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	bool signedness_ab = !type.in("$slice", "$concat", "$macc");
+	bool signedness_ab = !type.in(ID($slice), ID($concat), ID($macc));
 
-	if (connections_.count("\\A")) {
+	if (connections_.count(ID(A))) {
 		if (signedness_ab) {
 			if (set_a_signed)
-				parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = true;
-			else if (parameters.count("\\A_SIGNED") == 0)
-				parameters["\\A_SIGNED"] = false;
+				parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = true;
+			else if (parameters.count(ID(A_SIGNED)) == 0)
+				parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = false;
 		}
-		parameters["\\A_WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\A"]);
+		parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(A)]);
 	}
 
-	if (connections_.count("\\B")) {
+	if (connections_.count(ID(B))) {
 		if (signedness_ab) {
 			if (set_b_signed)
-				parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = true;
-			else if (parameters.count("\\B_SIGNED") == 0)
-				parameters["\\B_SIGNED"] = false;
+				parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = true;
+			else if (parameters.count(ID(B_SIGNED)) == 0)
+				parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = false;
 		}
-		parameters["\\B_WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\B"]);
+		parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(B)]);
 	}
 
-	if (connections_.count("\\Y"))
-		parameters["\\Y_WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\Y"]);
+	if (connections_.count(ID(Y)))
+		parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(Y)]);
 
-	if (connections_.count("\\Q"))
-		parameters["\\WIDTH"] = GetSize(connections_["\\Q"]);
+	if (connections_.count(ID(Q)))
+		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(Q)]);
 
 	check();
 }
diff --git a/kernel/rtlil.h b/kernel/rtlil.h
index e771655d7..c879d22e5 100644
--- a/kernel/rtlil.h
+++ b/kernel/rtlil.h
@@ -348,6 +348,14 @@ namespace RTLIL
 		bool in(const pool<IdString> &rhs) const { return rhs.count(*this) != 0; }
 	};
 
+	namespace ID {
+		// defined in rtlil.cc, initialized in yosys.cc
+		extern IdString A, B, Y;
+		extern IdString keep;
+		extern IdString whitebox;
+		extern IdString blackbox;
+	};
+
 	static inline std::string escape_id(std::string str) {
 		if (str.size() > 0 && str[0] != '\\' && str[0] != '$')
 			return "\\" + str;
@@ -620,7 +628,7 @@ struct RTLIL::AttrObject
 	bool get_bool_attribute(RTLIL::IdString id) const;
 
 	bool get_blackbox_attribute(bool ignore_wb=false) const {
-		return get_bool_attribute("\\blackbox") || (!ignore_wb && get_bool_attribute("\\whitebox"));
+		return get_bool_attribute(ID::blackbox) || (!ignore_wb && get_bool_attribute(ID::whitebox));
 	}
 
 	void set_strpool_attribute(RTLIL::IdString id, const pool<string> &data);
@@ -1355,8 +1363,8 @@ public:
 	void fixup_parameters(bool set_a_signed = false, bool set_b_signed = false);
 
 	bool has_keep_attr() const {
-		return get_bool_attribute("\\keep") || (module && module->design && module->design->module(type) &&
-				module->design->module(type)->get_bool_attribute("\\keep"));
+		return get_bool_attribute(ID::keep) || (module && module->design && module->design->module(type) &&
+				module->design->module(type)->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep));
 	}
 
 	template<typename T> void rewrite_sigspecs(T &functor);
diff --git a/kernel/satgen.h b/kernel/satgen.h
index 596f522ec..de480f28e 100644
--- a/kernel/satgen.h
+++ b/kernel/satgen.h
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ struct SatGen
 	void extendSignalWidth(std::vector<int> &vec_a, std::vector<int> &vec_b, RTLIL::Cell *cell, size_t y_width = 0, bool forced_signed = false)
 	{
 		bool is_signed = forced_signed;
-		if (!forced_signed && cell->parameters.count("\\A_SIGNED") > 0 && cell->parameters.count("\\B_SIGNED") > 0)
-			is_signed = cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool();
+		if (!forced_signed && cell->parameters.count(ID(A_SIGNED)) > 0 && cell->parameters.count(ID(B_SIGNED)) > 0)
+			is_signed = cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
 		while (vec_a.size() < vec_b.size() || vec_a.size() < y_width)
 			vec_a.push_back(is_signed && vec_a.size() > 0 ? vec_a.back() : ez->CONST_FALSE);
 		while (vec_b.size() < vec_a.size() || vec_b.size() < y_width)
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ struct SatGen
 
 	void extendSignalWidthUnary(std::vector<int> &vec_a, std::vector<int> &vec_y, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool forced_signed = false)
 	{
-		bool is_signed = forced_signed || (cell->parameters.count("\\A_SIGNED") > 0 && cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool());
+		bool is_signed = forced_signed || (cell->parameters.count(ID(A_SIGNED)) > 0 && cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool());
 		while (vec_a.size() < vec_y.size())
 			vec_a.push_back(is_signed && vec_a.size() > 0 ? vec_a.back() : ez->CONST_FALSE);
 		while (vec_y.size() < vec_a.size())
@@ -277,13 +277,13 @@ struct SatGen
 	bool importCell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, int timestep = -1)
 	{
 		bool arith_undef_handled = false;
-		bool is_arith_compare = cell->type.in("$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt");
+		bool is_arith_compare = cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt));
 
-		if (model_undef && (cell->type.in("$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod") || is_arith_compare))
+		if (model_undef && (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod)) || is_arith_compare))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			if (is_arith_compare)
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
 			else
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ struct SatGen
 			int undef_any_b = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_b);
 			int undef_y_bit = ez->OR(undef_any_a, undef_any_b);
 
-			if (cell->type == "$div" || cell->type == "$mod") {
-				std::vector<int> b = importSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
+			if (cell->type == ID($div) || cell->type == ID($mod)) {
+				std::vector<int> b = importSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
 				undef_y_bit = ez->OR(undef_y_bit, ez->NOT(ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, b)));
 			}
 
@@ -310,68 +310,68 @@ struct SatGen
 			arith_undef_handled = true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$_AND_", "$_NAND_", "$_OR_", "$_NOR_", "$_XOR_", "$_XNOR_", "$_ANDNOT_", "$_ORNOT_",
-				"$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor", "$add", "$sub"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_),
+				ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor), ID($add), ID($sub)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
-			if (cell->type == "$and" || cell->type == "$_AND_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($and) || cell->type == ID($_AND_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_and(a, b), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$_NAND_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($_NAND_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(ez->vec_and(a, b)), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$or" || cell->type == "$_OR_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($or) || cell->type == ID($_OR_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_or(a, b), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$_NOR_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($_NOR_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(ez->vec_or(a, b)), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$xor" || cell->type == "$_XOR_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($xor) || cell->type == ID($_XOR_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_xor(a, b), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$xnor" || cell->type == "$_XNOR_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($xnor) || cell->type == ID($_XNOR_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(ez->vec_xor(a, b)), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$_ANDNOT_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($_ANDNOT_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_and(a, ez->vec_not(b)), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$_ORNOT_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($_ORNOT_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_or(a, ez->vec_not(b)), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$add")
+			if (cell->type == ID($add))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_add(a, b), yy));
-			if (cell->type == "$sub")
+			if (cell->type == ID($sub))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_sub(a, b), yy));
 
 			if (model_undef && !arith_undef_handled)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, undef_y, cell, false);
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$and", "$_AND_", "$_NAND_")) {
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_))) {
 					std::vector<int> a0 = ez->vec_and(ez->vec_not(a), ez->vec_not(undef_a));
 					std::vector<int> b0 = ez->vec_and(ez->vec_not(b), ez->vec_not(undef_b));
 					std::vector<int> yX = ez->vec_and(ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b), ez->vec_not(ez->vec_or(a0, b0)));
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(yX, undef_y));
 				}
-				else if (cell->type.in("$or", "$_OR_", "$_NOR_")) {
+				else if (cell->type.in(ID($or), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_))) {
 					std::vector<int> a1 = ez->vec_and(a, ez->vec_not(undef_a));
 					std::vector<int> b1 = ez->vec_and(b, ez->vec_not(undef_b));
 					std::vector<int> yX = ez->vec_and(ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b), ez->vec_not(ez->vec_or(a1, b1)));
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(yX, undef_y));
 				}
-				else if (cell->type.in("$xor", "$xnor", "$_XOR_", "$_XNOR_")) {
+				else if (cell->type.in(ID($xor), ID($xnor), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_))) {
 					std::vector<int> yX = ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b);
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(yX, undef_y));
 				}
-				else if (cell->type == "$_ANDNOT_") {
+				else if (cell->type == ID($_ANDNOT_)) {
 					std::vector<int> a0 = ez->vec_and(ez->vec_not(a), ez->vec_not(undef_a));
 					std::vector<int> b1 = ez->vec_and(b, ez->vec_not(undef_b));
 					std::vector<int> yX = ez->vec_and(ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b), ez->vec_not(ez->vec_or(a0, b1)));
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(yX, undef_y));
 				}
 
-				else if (cell->type == "$_ORNOT_") {
+				else if (cell->type == ID($_ORNOT_)) {
 					std::vector<int> a1 = ez->vec_and(a, ez->vec_not(undef_a));
 					std::vector<int> b0 = ez->vec_and(ez->vec_not(b), ez->vec_not(undef_b));
 					std::vector<int> yX = ez->vec_and(ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b), ez->vec_not(ez->vec_or(a1, b0)));
@@ -384,36 +384,36 @@ struct SatGen
 			}
 			else if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
 			}
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in("$_AOI3_", "$_OAI3_", "$_AOI4_", "$_OAI4_"))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_), ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 		{
-			bool aoi_mode = cell->type.in("$_AOI3_", "$_AOI4_");
-			bool three_mode = cell->type.in("$_AOI3_", "$_OAI3_");
+			bool aoi_mode = cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_AOI4_));
+			bool three_mode = cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_));
 
-			int a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep).at(0);
-			int b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep).at(0);
-			int c = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\C"), timestep).at(0);
-			int d = three_mode ? (aoi_mode ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE) : importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\D"), timestep).at(0);
-			int y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep).at(0);
+			int a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep).at(0);
+			int b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep).at(0);
+			int c = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(C)), timestep).at(0);
+			int d = three_mode ? (aoi_mode ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE) : importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(D)), timestep).at(0);
+			int y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep).at(0);
 			int yy = model_undef ? ez->literal() : y;
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$_AOI3_", "$_AOI4_"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_AOI4_)))
 				ez->assume(ez->IFF(ez->NOT(ez->OR(ez->AND(a, b), ez->AND(c, d))), yy));
 			else
 				ez->assume(ez->IFF(ez->NOT(ez->AND(ez->OR(a, b), ez->OR(c, d))), yy));
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				int undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep).at(0);
-				int undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep).at(0);
-				int undef_c = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\C"), timestep).at(0);
-				int undef_d = three_mode ? ez->CONST_FALSE : importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\D"), timestep).at(0);
-				int undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep).at(0);
+				int undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep).at(0);
+				int undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep).at(0);
+				int undef_c = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(C)), timestep).at(0);
+				int undef_d = three_mode ? ez->CONST_FALSE : importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(D)), timestep).at(0);
+				int undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep).at(0);
 
 				if (aoi_mode)
 				{
@@ -456,18 +456,18 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_NOT_" || cell->type == "$not")
+		if (cell->type == ID($_NOT_) || cell->type == ID($not))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidthUnary(a, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 			ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(a), yy));
 
 			if (model_undef) {
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidthUnary(undef_a, undef_y, cell, false);
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_a, undef_y));
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
@@ -475,25 +475,25 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_MUX_" || cell->type == "$mux" || cell->type == "$_NMUX_")
+		if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_) || cell->type == ID($mux) || cell->type == ID($_NMUX_))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> s = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\S"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> s = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(S)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
-			if (cell->type == "$_NMUX_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($_NMUX_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(ez->vec_ite(s.at(0), b, a)), yy));
 			else
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_ite(s.at(0), b, a), yy));
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_s = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\S"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_s = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(S)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 				std::vector<int> unequal_ab = ez->vec_not(ez->vec_iff(a, b));
 				std::vector<int> undef_ab = ez->vec_or(unequal_ab, ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b));
@@ -504,12 +504,12 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$pmux")
+		if (cell->type == ID($pmux))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> s = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\S"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> s = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(S)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
@@ -522,10 +522,10 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_s = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\S"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_s = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(S)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 				int maybe_a = ez->CONST_TRUE;
 
@@ -555,15 +555,15 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$pos" || cell->type == "$neg")
+		if (cell->type == ID($pos) || cell->type == ID($neg))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidthUnary(a, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
-			if (cell->type == "$pos") {
+			if (cell->type == ID($pos)) {
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(a, yy));
 			} else {
 				std::vector<int> zero(a.size(), ez->CONST_FALSE);
@@ -572,11 +572,11 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidthUnary(undef_a, undef_y, cell);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$pos") {
+				if (cell->type == ID($pos)) {
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_a, undef_y));
 				} else {
 					int undef_any_a = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a);
@@ -589,42 +589,42 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$reduce_and" || cell->type == "$reduce_or" || cell->type == "$reduce_xor" ||
-				cell->type == "$reduce_xnor" || cell->type == "$reduce_bool" || cell->type == "$logic_not")
+		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and) || cell->type == ID($reduce_or) || cell->type == ID($reduce_xor) ||
+				cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor) || cell->type == ID($reduce_bool) || cell->type == ID($logic_not))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_and")
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and))
 				ez->SET(ez->expression(ez->OpAnd, a), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_or" || cell->type == "$reduce_bool")
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or) || cell->type == ID($reduce_bool))
 				ez->SET(ez->expression(ez->OpOr, a), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_xor")
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xor))
 				ez->SET(ez->expression(ez->OpXor, a), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$reduce_xnor")
+			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor))
 				ez->SET(ez->NOT(ez->expression(ez->OpXor, a)), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$logic_not")
+			if (cell->type == ID($logic_not))
 				ez->SET(ez->NOT(ez->expression(ez->OpOr, a)), yy.at(0));
 			for (size_t i = 1; i < y.size(); i++)
 				ez->SET(ez->CONST_FALSE, yy.at(i));
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				int aX = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$reduce_and") {
+				if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and)) {
 					int a0 = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, ez->vec_and(ez->vec_not(a), ez->vec_not(undef_a)));
 					ez->assume(ez->IFF(ez->AND(ez->NOT(a0), aX), undef_y.at(0)));
 				}
-				else if (cell->type == "$reduce_or" || cell->type == "$reduce_bool" || cell->type == "$logic_not") {
+				else if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or) || cell->type == ID($reduce_bool) || cell->type == ID($logic_not)) {
 					int a1 = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, ez->vec_and(a, ez->vec_not(undef_a)));
 					ez->assume(ez->IFF(ez->AND(ez->NOT(a1), aX), undef_y.at(0)));
 				}
-				else if (cell->type == "$reduce_xor" || cell->type == "$reduce_xnor") {
+				else if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xor) || cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
 					ez->assume(ez->IFF(aX, undef_y.at(0)));
 				} else
 					log_abort();
@@ -637,18 +637,18 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$logic_and" || cell->type == "$logic_or")
+		if (cell->type == ID($logic_and) || cell->type == ID($logic_or))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> vec_a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> vec_b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> vec_a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> vec_b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
 
 			int a = ez->expression(ez->OpOr, vec_a);
 			int b = ez->expression(ez->OpOr, vec_b);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
-			if (cell->type == "$logic_and")
+			if (cell->type == ID($logic_and))
 				ez->SET(ez->expression(ez->OpAnd, a, b), yy.at(0));
 			else
 				ez->SET(ez->expression(ez->OpOr, a, b), yy.at(0));
@@ -657,9 +657,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 				int a0 = ez->NOT(ez->OR(ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, vec_a), ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a)));
 				int b0 = ez->NOT(ez->OR(ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, vec_b), ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_b)));
@@ -668,9 +668,9 @@ struct SatGen
 				int aX = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a);
 				int bX = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_b);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$logic_and")
+				if (cell->type == ID($logic_and))
 					ez->SET(ez->AND(ez->OR(aX, bX), ez->NOT(ez->AND(a1, b1)), ez->NOT(a0), ez->NOT(b0)), undef_y.at(0));
-				else if (cell->type == "$logic_or")
+				else if (cell->type == ID($logic_or))
 					ez->SET(ez->AND(ez->OR(aX, bX), ez->NOT(ez->AND(a0, b0)), ez->NOT(a1), ez->NOT(b1)), undef_y.at(0));
 				else
 					log_abort();
@@ -683,47 +683,47 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$lt" || cell->type == "$le" || cell->type == "$eq" || cell->type == "$ne" || cell->type == "$eqx" || cell->type == "$nex" || cell->type == "$ge" || cell->type == "$gt")
+		if (cell->type == ID($lt) || cell->type == ID($le) || cell->type == ID($eq) || cell->type == ID($ne) || cell->type == ID($eqx) || cell->type == ID($nex) || cell->type == ID($ge) || cell->type == ID($gt))
 		{
-			bool is_signed = cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool();
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			bool is_signed = cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
-			if (model_undef && (cell->type == "$eqx" || cell->type == "$nex")) {
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
+			if (model_undef && (cell->type == ID($eqx) || cell->type == ID($nex))) {
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
 				a = ez->vec_or(a, undef_a);
 				b = ez->vec_or(b, undef_b);
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type == "$lt")
+			if (cell->type == ID($lt))
 				ez->SET(is_signed ? ez->vec_lt_signed(a, b) : ez->vec_lt_unsigned(a, b), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$le")
+			if (cell->type == ID($le))
 				ez->SET(is_signed ? ez->vec_le_signed(a, b) : ez->vec_le_unsigned(a, b), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$eq" || cell->type == "$eqx")
+			if (cell->type == ID($eq) || cell->type == ID($eqx))
 				ez->SET(ez->vec_eq(a, b), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$ne" || cell->type == "$nex")
+			if (cell->type == ID($ne) || cell->type == ID($nex))
 				ez->SET(ez->vec_ne(a, b), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$ge")
+			if (cell->type == ID($ge))
 				ez->SET(is_signed ? ez->vec_ge_signed(a, b) : ez->vec_ge_unsigned(a, b), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == "$gt")
+			if (cell->type == ID($gt))
 				ez->SET(is_signed ? ez->vec_gt_signed(a, b) : ez->vec_gt_unsigned(a, b), yy.at(0));
 			for (size_t i = 1; i < y.size(); i++)
 				ez->SET(ez->CONST_FALSE, yy.at(i));
 
-			if (model_undef && (cell->type == "$eqx" || cell->type == "$nex"))
+			if (model_undef && (cell->type == ID($eqx) || cell->type == ID($nex)))
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$eqx")
+				if (cell->type == ID($eqx))
 					yy.at(0) = ez->AND(yy.at(0), ez->vec_eq(undef_a, undef_b));
 				else
 					yy.at(0) = ez->OR(yy.at(0), ez->vec_ne(undef_a, undef_b));
@@ -733,11 +733,11 @@ struct SatGen
 
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(y, yy));
 			}
-			else if (model_undef && (cell->type == "$eq" || cell->type == "$ne"))
+			else if (model_undef && (cell->type == ID($eq) || cell->type == ID($ne)))
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
 
 				int undef_any_a = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a);
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			else
 			{
 				if (model_undef) {
-					std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+					std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 					undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
 				}
 				log_assert(!model_undef || arith_undef_handled);
@@ -767,15 +767,15 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$shl" || cell->type == "$shr" || cell->type == "$sshl" || cell->type == "$sshr" || cell->type == "$shift" || cell->type == "$shiftx")
+		if (cell->type == ID($shl) || cell->type == ID($shr) || cell->type == ID($sshl) || cell->type == ID($sshr) || cell->type == ID($shift) || cell->type == ID($shiftx))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 			int extend_bit = ez->CONST_FALSE;
 
-			if (!cell->type.in("$shift", "$shiftx") && cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool())
+			if (!cell->type.in(ID($shift), ID($shiftx)) && cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool())
 				extend_bit = a.back();
 
 			while (y.size() < a.size())
@@ -786,29 +786,29 @@ struct SatGen
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 			std::vector<int> shifted_a;
 
-			if (cell->type == "$shl" || cell->type == "$sshl")
+			if (cell->type == ID($shl) || cell->type == ID($sshl))
 				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_left(a, b, false, ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
-			if (cell->type == "$shr")
+			if (cell->type == ID($shr))
 				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_right(a, b, false, ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
-			if (cell->type == "$sshr")
-				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_right(a, b, false, cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() ? a.back() : ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
+			if (cell->type == ID($sshr))
+				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_right(a, b, false, cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() ? a.back() : ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
-			if (cell->type == "$shift" || cell->type == "$shiftx")
-				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_right(a, b, cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool(), ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
+			if (cell->type == ID($shift) || cell->type == ID($shiftx))
+				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_right(a, b, cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool(), ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
 			ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(shifted_a, yy));
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_a_shifted;
 
-				extend_bit = cell->type == "$shiftx" ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE;
-				if (!cell->type.in("$shift", "$shiftx") && cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool())
+				extend_bit = cell->type == ID($shiftx) ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE;
+				if (!cell->type.in(ID($shift), ID($shiftx)) && cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool())
 					extend_bit = undef_a.back();
 
 				while (undef_y.size() < undef_a.size())
@@ -816,20 +816,20 @@ struct SatGen
 				while (undef_y.size() > undef_a.size())
 					undef_a.push_back(extend_bit);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$shl" || cell->type == "$sshl")
+				if (cell->type == ID($shl) || cell->type == ID($sshl))
 					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_left(undef_a, b, false, ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$shr")
+				if (cell->type == ID($shr))
 					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_right(undef_a, b, false, ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$sshr")
-					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_right(undef_a, b, false, cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() ? undef_a.back() : ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
+				if (cell->type == ID($sshr))
+					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_right(undef_a, b, false, cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() ? undef_a.back() : ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$shift")
-					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_right(undef_a, b, cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool(), ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
+				if (cell->type == ID($shift))
+					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_right(undef_a, b, cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool(), ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
-				if (cell->type == "$shiftx")
-					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_right(undef_a, b, cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool(), ez->CONST_TRUE, ez->CONST_TRUE);
+				if (cell->type == ID($shiftx))
+					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_right(undef_a, b, cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool(), ez->CONST_TRUE, ez->CONST_TRUE);
 
 				int undef_any_b = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_b);
 				std::vector<int> undef_all_y_bits(undef_y.size(), undef_any_b);
@@ -839,11 +839,11 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$mul")
+		if (cell->type == ID($mul))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
@@ -860,17 +860,17 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef) {
 				log_assert(arith_undef_handled);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
 			}
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$macc")
+		if (cell->type == ID($macc))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 			Macc macc;
 			macc.from_cell(cell);
@@ -919,13 +919,13 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
 
 				int undef_any_a = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a);
 				int undef_any_b = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_b);
 
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_y, std::vector<int>(GetSize(y), ez->OR(undef_any_a, undef_any_b))));
 
 				undefGating(y, tmp, undef_y);
@@ -936,17 +936,17 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$div" || cell->type == "$mod")
+		if (cell->type == ID($div) || cell->type == ID($mod))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
 			std::vector<int> a_u, b_u;
-			if (cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool()) {
+			if (cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool()) {
 				a_u = ez->vec_ite(a.back(), ez->vec_neg(a), a);
 				b_u = ez->vec_ite(b.back(), ez->vec_neg(b), b);
 			} else {
@@ -971,13 +971,13 @@ struct SatGen
 			}
 
 			std::vector<int> y_tmp = ignore_div_by_zero ? yy : ez->vec_var(y.size());
-			if (cell->type == "$div") {
-				if (cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool())
+			if (cell->type == ID($div)) {
+				if (cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool())
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(y_tmp, ez->vec_ite(ez->XOR(a.back(), b.back()), ez->vec_neg(y_u), y_u)));
 				else
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(y_tmp, y_u));
 			} else {
-				if (cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool())
+				if (cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool())
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(y_tmp, ez->vec_ite(a.back(), ez->vec_neg(chain_buf), chain_buf)));
 				else
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(y_tmp, chain_buf));
@@ -987,20 +987,20 @@ struct SatGen
 				ez->assume(ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, b));
 			} else {
 				std::vector<int> div_zero_result;
-				if (cell->type == "$div") {
-					if (cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool()) {
+				if (cell->type == ID($div)) {
+					if (cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool()) {
 						std::vector<int> all_ones(y.size(), ez->CONST_TRUE);
 						std::vector<int> only_first_one(y.size(), ez->CONST_FALSE);
 						only_first_one.at(0) = ez->CONST_TRUE;
 						div_zero_result = ez->vec_ite(a.back(), only_first_one, all_ones);
 					} else {
-						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), cell->getPort("\\A").size(), ez->CONST_TRUE);
+						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), cell->getPort(ID(A)).size(), ez->CONST_TRUE);
 						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), y.size() - div_zero_result.size(), ez->CONST_FALSE);
 					}
 				} else {
-					int copy_a_bits = min(cell->getPort("\\A").size(), cell->getPort("\\B").size());
+					int copy_a_bits = min(cell->getPort(ID(A)).size(), cell->getPort(ID(B)).size());
 					div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), a.begin(), a.begin() + copy_a_bits);
-					if (cell->parameters["\\A_SIGNED"].as_bool() && cell->parameters["\\B_SIGNED"].as_bool())
+					if (cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool())
 						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), y.size() - div_zero_result.size(), div_zero_result.back());
 					else
 						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), y.size() - div_zero_result.size(), ez->CONST_FALSE);
@@ -1010,19 +1010,19 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef) {
 				log_assert(arith_undef_handled);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
 			}
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$lut")
+		if (cell->type == ID($lut))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> lut;
-			for (auto bit : cell->getParam("\\LUT").bits)
+			for (auto bit : cell->getParam(ID(LUT)).bits)
 				lut.push_back(bit == State::S1 ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE);
 			while (GetSize(lut) < (1 << GetSize(a)))
 				lut.push_back(ez->CONST_FALSE);
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> t(lut), u(GetSize(t), ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
 				for (int i = GetSize(a)-1; i >= 0; i--)
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ struct SatGen
 				log_assert(GetSize(t) == 1);
 				log_assert(GetSize(u) == 1);
 				undefGating(y, t, u);
-				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep), u));
+				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep), u));
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -1066,15 +1066,15 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$sop")
+		if (cell->type == ID($sop))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			int y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep).at(0);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			int y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep).at(0);
 
-			int width = cell->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-			int depth = cell->getParam("\\DEPTH").as_int();
+			int width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+			int depth = cell->getParam(ID(DEPTH)).as_int();
 
-			vector<State> table_raw = cell->getParam("\\TABLE").bits;
+			vector<State> table_raw = cell->getParam(ID(TABLE)).bits;
 			while (GetSize(table_raw) < 2*width*depth)
 				table_raw.push_back(State::S0);
 
@@ -1097,8 +1097,8 @@ struct SatGen
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
 				std::vector<int> products, undef_products;
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				int undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep).at(0);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				int undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep).at(0);
 
 				for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++)
 				{
@@ -1148,13 +1148,13 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$fa")
+		if (cell->type == ID($fa))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> c = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\C"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> x = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\X"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> c = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(C)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> x = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(X)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 			std::vector<int> xx = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(x.size()) : x;
@@ -1168,12 +1168,12 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_c = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\C"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_c = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(C)), timestep);
 
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_x = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\X"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_x = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(X)), timestep);
 
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_y, ez->vec_or(ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b), undef_c)));
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_x, undef_y));
@@ -1184,12 +1184,12 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$lcu")
+		if (cell->type == ID($lcu))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> p = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\P"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> g = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\G"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> ci = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\CI"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> co = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\CO"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> p = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(P)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> g = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(G)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> ci = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CI)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> co = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CO)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(co.size()) : co;
 
@@ -1198,10 +1198,10 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_p = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\P"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_g = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\G"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_ci = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\CI"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_co = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\CO"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_p = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(P)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_g = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(G)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_ci = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CI)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_co = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CO)), timestep);
 
 				int undef_any_p = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_p);
 				int undef_any_g = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_g);
@@ -1216,15 +1216,15 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$alu")
+		if (cell->type == ID($alu))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> x = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\X"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> ci = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\CI"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> bi = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\BI"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> co = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\CO"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> x = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(X)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> ci = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CI)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> bi = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(BI)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> co = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CO)), timestep);
 
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, y, cell);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, x, cell);
@@ -1249,14 +1249,14 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\B"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_ci = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\CI"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_bi = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\BI"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_ci = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CI)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_bi = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(BI)), timestep);
 
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_x = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\X"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_co = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\CO"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_x = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(X)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_co = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CO)), timestep);
 
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, undef_y, cell);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, undef_x, cell);
@@ -1282,19 +1282,19 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$slice")
+		if (cell->type == ID($slice))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
-			ez->assume(signals_eq(a.extract(cell->parameters.at("\\OFFSET").as_int(), y.size()), y, timestep));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+			ez->assume(signals_eq(a.extract(cell->parameters.at(ID(OFFSET)).as_int(), y.size()), y, timestep));
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$concat")
+		if (cell->type == ID($concat))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 			RTLIL::SigSpec ab = a;
 			ab.append(b);
@@ -1303,24 +1303,24 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (timestep > 0 && cell->type.in("$ff", "$dff", "$_FF_", "$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_"))
+		if (timestep > 0 && cell->type.in(ID($ff), ID($dff), ID($_FF_), ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 		{
 			if (timestep == 1)
 			{
-				initial_state.add((*sigmap)(cell->getPort("\\Q")));
+				initial_state.add((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(Q))));
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				std::vector<int> d = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\D"), timestep-1);
-				std::vector<int> q = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Q"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> d = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(D)), timestep-1);
+				std::vector<int> q = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Q)), timestep);
 
 				std::vector<int> qq = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(q.size()) : q;
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(d, qq));
 
 				if (model_undef)
 				{
-					std::vector<int> undef_d = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\D"), timestep-1);
-					std::vector<int> undef_q = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Q"), timestep);
+					std::vector<int> undef_d = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(D)), timestep-1);
+					std::vector<int> undef_q = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Q)), timestep);
 
 					ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_d, undef_q));
 					undefGating(q, qq, undef_q);
@@ -1329,21 +1329,21 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$anyconst")
+		if (cell->type == ID($anyconst))
 		{
 			if (timestep < 2)
 				return true;
 
-			std::vector<int> d = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep-1);
-			std::vector<int> q = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> d = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep-1);
+			std::vector<int> q = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> qq = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(q.size()) : q;
 			ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(d, qq));
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_d = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep-1);
-				std::vector<int> undef_q = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_d = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep-1);
+				std::vector<int> undef_q = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_d, undef_q));
 				undefGating(q, qq, undef_q);
@@ -1351,23 +1351,23 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$anyseq")
+		if (cell->type == ID($anyseq))
 		{
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_BUF_" || cell->type == "$equiv")
+		if (cell->type == ID($_BUF_) || cell->type == ID($equiv))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidthUnary(a, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 			ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(a, yy));
 
 			if (model_undef) {
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\A"), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidthUnary(undef_a, undef_y, cell, false);
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_a, undef_y));
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
@@ -1375,18 +1375,18 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$initstate")
+		if (cell->type == ID($initstate))
 		{
 			auto key = make_pair(prefix, timestep);
 			if (initstates.count(key) == 0)
 				initstates[key] = false;
 
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 			log_assert(GetSize(y) == 1);
 			ez->SET(y[0], initstates[key] ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
 			if (model_undef) {
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort("\\Y"), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
 				log_assert(GetSize(undef_y) == 1);
 				ez->SET(undef_y[0], ez->CONST_FALSE);
 			}
@@ -1394,19 +1394,19 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$assert")
+		if (cell->type == ID($assert))
 		{
 			std::string pf = prefix + (timestep == -1 ? "" : stringf("@%d:", timestep));
-			asserts_a[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort("\\A")));
-			asserts_en[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort("\\EN")));
+			asserts_a[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(A))));
+			asserts_en[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(EN))));
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$assume")
+		if (cell->type == ID($assume))
 		{
 			std::string pf = prefix + (timestep == -1 ? "" : stringf("@%d:", timestep));
-			assumes_a[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort("\\A")));
-			assumes_en[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort("\\EN")));
+			assumes_a[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(A))));
+			assumes_en[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(EN))));
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/kernel/yosys.cc b/kernel/yosys.cc
index fc9bd96fe..747f2d739 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.cc
+++ b/kernel/yosys.cc
@@ -511,6 +511,13 @@ void yosys_setup()
 		return;
 	already_setup = true;
 
+	RTLIL::ID::A = "\\A";
+	RTLIL::ID::B = "\\B";
+	RTLIL::ID::Y = "\\Y";
+	RTLIL::ID::keep = "\\keep";
+	RTLIL::ID::whitebox = "\\whitebox";
+	RTLIL::ID::blackbox = "\\blackbox";
+
 	#ifdef WITH_PYTHON
 		PyImport_AppendInittab((char*)"libyosys", INIT_MODULE);
 		Py_Initialize();

From aa0c37722a99a308e64ea9581111adea2d97e46d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 11:40:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 046/197] fix mixing signals on FF mapping

---
 techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v
index 70c19635e..0aeab1902 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ module  \$_DFFE_PN_ (input D, C, E, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE
 module  \$_DFFE_PP_ (input D, C, E, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(E), .CLK(C), .SR(1'b0), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
 module  \$_DFF_NN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_NN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_NN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b1), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 module  \$_DFF_PN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_PN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b0), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b1), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
 module  \$_DFF_NP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_NP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_NP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b0), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b1), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 module  \$_DFF_PP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_PP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b1), .SR_VALUE(1'b0), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); EFX_FF #(.CLK_POLARITY(1'b1), .CE_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_POLARITY(1'b1), .D_POLARITY(1'b1), .SR_SYNC(1'b0), .SR_VALUE(1'b1), .SR_SYNC_PRIORITY(1'b1)) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.D(D), .CE(1'b1), .CLK(C), .SR(R), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
 `ifndef NO_LUT
 module \$lut (A, Y);

From b25cf3685666b66daa7e6a82f137ad3d633a17aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 12:23:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 047/197] Add YOSYS_NO_IDS_REFCNT configuration macro

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 kernel/rtlil.cc |  4 +++-
 kernel/rtlil.h  | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rtlil.cc b/kernel/rtlil.cc
index 30560dd7b..d01bd0c62 100644
--- a/kernel/rtlil.cc
+++ b/kernel/rtlil.cc
@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@
 YOSYS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 RTLIL::IdString::destruct_guard_t RTLIL::IdString::destruct_guard;
-std::vector<int> RTLIL::IdString::global_refcount_storage_;
 std::vector<char*> RTLIL::IdString::global_id_storage_;
 dict<char*, int, hash_cstr_ops> RTLIL::IdString::global_id_index_;
+#ifndef YOSYS_NO_IDS_REFCNT
+std::vector<int> RTLIL::IdString::global_refcount_storage_;
 std::vector<int> RTLIL::IdString::global_free_idx_list_;
+#endif
 #ifdef YOSYS_USE_STICKY_IDS
 int RTLIL::IdString::last_created_idx_[8];
 int RTLIL::IdString::last_created_idx_ptr_;
diff --git a/kernel/rtlil.h b/kernel/rtlil.h
index c879d22e5..c08653b65 100644
--- a/kernel/rtlil.h
+++ b/kernel/rtlil.h
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ namespace RTLIL
 		#undef YOSYS_XTRACE_GET_PUT
 		#undef YOSYS_SORT_ID_FREE_LIST
 		#undef YOSYS_USE_STICKY_IDS
+		#undef YOSYS_NO_IDS_REFCNT
 
 		// the global id string cache
 
@@ -88,10 +89,12 @@ namespace RTLIL
 			~destruct_guard_t() { ok = false; }
 		} destruct_guard;
 
-		static std::vector<int> global_refcount_storage_;
 		static std::vector<char*> global_id_storage_;
 		static dict<char*, int, hash_cstr_ops> global_id_index_;
+	#ifndef YOSYS_NO_IDS_REFCNT
+		static std::vector<int> global_refcount_storage_;
 		static std::vector<int> global_free_idx_list_;
+	#endif
 
 	#ifdef YOSYS_USE_STICKY_IDS
 		static int last_created_idx_ptr_;
@@ -129,7 +132,9 @@ namespace RTLIL
 		static inline int get_reference(int idx)
 		{
 			if (idx) {
+		#ifndef YOSYS_NO_IDS_REFCNT
 				global_refcount_storage_[idx]++;
+		#endif
 		#ifdef YOSYS_XTRACE_GET_PUT
 				if (yosys_xtrace)
 					log("#X# GET-BY-INDEX '%s' (index %d, refcount %d)\n", global_id_storage_.at(idx), idx, global_refcount_storage_.at(idx));
@@ -150,7 +155,9 @@ namespace RTLIL
 
 			auto it = global_id_index_.find((char*)p);
 			if (it != global_id_index_.end()) {
+		#ifndef YOSYS_NO_IDS_REFCNT
 				global_refcount_storage_.at(it->second)++;
+		#endif
 		#ifdef YOSYS_XTRACE_GET_PUT
 				if (yosys_xtrace)
 					log("#X# GET-BY-NAME '%s' (index %d, refcount %d)\n", global_id_storage_.at(it->second), it->second, global_refcount_storage_.at(it->second));
@@ -158,6 +165,7 @@ namespace RTLIL
 				return it->second;
 			}
 
+		#ifndef YOSYS_NO_IDS_REFCNT
 			if (global_free_idx_list_.empty()) {
 				if (global_id_storage_.empty()) {
 					global_refcount_storage_.push_back(0);
@@ -175,6 +183,15 @@ namespace RTLIL
 			global_id_storage_.at(idx) = strdup(p);
 			global_id_index_[global_id_storage_.at(idx)] = idx;
 			global_refcount_storage_.at(idx)++;
+		#else
+			if (global_id_storage_.empty()) {
+				global_id_storage_.push_back((char*)"");
+				global_id_index_[global_id_storage_.back()] = 0;
+			}
+			int idx = global_id_storage_.size();
+			global_id_storage_.push_back(strdup(p));
+			global_id_index_[global_id_storage_.back()] = idx;
+		#endif
 
 			if (yosys_xtrace) {
 				log("#X# New IdString '%s' with index %d.\n", p, idx);
@@ -198,6 +215,7 @@ namespace RTLIL
 			return idx;
 		}
 
+	#ifndef YOSYS_NO_IDS_REFCNT
 		static inline void put_reference(int idx)
 		{
 			// put_reference() may be called from destructors after the destructor of
@@ -228,6 +246,9 @@ namespace RTLIL
 			global_id_storage_.at(idx) = nullptr;
 			global_free_idx_list_.push_back(idx);
 		}
+	#else
+		static inline void put_reference(int) { }
+	#endif
 
 		// the actual IdString object is just is a single int
 

From ead2b52b5a123e2c93578555de394a7a406e1fa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 13:59:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 048/197] one bit enable signal

---
 techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
index 3236f39a5..6786ae769 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module \$__EFINIX_5K (CLK2, CLK3, A1ADDR, A1DATA, A1EN, B1ADDR, B1DATA, B1EN);
 	parameter CFG_ABITS = 8;
 	parameter CFG_DBITS = 20;
-	parameter CFG_ENABLE_A = 2;
+	parameter CFG_ENABLE_A = 1;
 
 	parameter CLKPOL2 = 1;
 	parameter CLKPOL3 = 1;

From 2897fe4d09118e37934b7e76f4990cc1d69a0cb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 17:05:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 049/197] Fix formating

---
 techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v b/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
index 56e1b039f..178f57bc5 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ module _80_efinix_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 	input CI, BI;
 	output [Y_WIDTH-1:0] CO;
    
-   wire CIx;
-   wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] COx;
+    wire CIx;
+    wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] COx;
 
 	wire _TECHMAP_FAIL_ = Y_WIDTH <= 2;
 

From e4a09715814d4fa9019c69d2305973030755c379 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2019 11:17:15 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 050/197] Since $_ANDNOT_ is not symmetric, do not sort leaves

---
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc | 12 ++++--------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index b541ceb6b..befaf68a4 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -153,12 +153,10 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		}
 	}
 
-	void check_partition(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves)
+	void check_partition(SigBit root, const pool<SigBit> &leaves)
 	{
 		if (config.enable_ha && GetSize(leaves) == 2)
 		{
-			leaves.sort();
-
 			SigBit A = SigSpec(leaves)[0];
 			SigBit B = SigSpec(leaves)[1];
 
@@ -196,8 +194,6 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 
 		if (config.enable_fa && GetSize(leaves) == 3)
 		{
-			leaves.sort();
-
 			SigBit A = SigSpec(leaves)[0];
 			SigBit B = SigSpec(leaves)[1];
 			SigBit C = SigSpec(leaves)[2];
@@ -237,7 +233,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		}
 	}
 
-	void find_partitions(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves, pool<pool<SigBit>> &cache, int maxdepth, int maxbreadth)
+	void find_partitions(SigBit root, const pool<SigBit> &leaves, pool<const pool<SigBit>> &cache, int maxdepth, int maxbreadth)
 	{
 		if (cache.count(leaves))
 			return;
@@ -293,8 +289,8 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				continue;
 
 			SigBit root = it.first;
-			pool<SigBit> leaves = { root };
-			pool<pool<SigBit>> cache;
+			const pool<SigBit> leaves = { root };
+			pool<const pool<SigBit>> cache;
 
 			if (config.verbose)
 				log("  checking %s\n", log_signal(it.first));

From 5f561bdcb1d562d6f975b4a27beca1b8b7af908f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2019 20:19:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 051/197] Proper arith for Anlogic and use standard pass

---
 techlibs/anlogic/Makefile.inc              |   2 +-
 techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc |  72 ------------
 techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_fixcarry.cc       | 130 +++++++++++++++++++++
 techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v               |  42 ++++---
 techlibs/anlogic/synth_anlogic.cc          |   7 +-
 5 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 91 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc
 create mode 100644 techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_fixcarry.cc

diff --git a/techlibs/anlogic/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/anlogic/Makefile.inc
index 67cf9cf10..9426b5ca5 100644
--- a/techlibs/anlogic/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/anlogic/Makefile.inc
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 OBJS += techlibs/anlogic/synth_anlogic.o
 OBJS += techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_eqn.o
-OBJS += techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.o
+OBJS += techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_fixcarry.o
 
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/anlogic,techlibs/anlogic/cells_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/anlogic,techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v))
diff --git a/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc b/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index c4089dac2..000000000
--- a/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_determine_init.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
- *
- *  Copyright (C) 2018 Icenowy Zheng <icenowy@aosc.io>
- *
- *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
- *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
- *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
- *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "kernel/yosys.h"
-#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
-
-USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
-PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-
-struct AnlogicDetermineInitPass : public Pass {
-	AnlogicDetermineInitPass() : Pass("anlogic_determine_init", "Anlogic: Determine the init value of cells") { }
-	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
-	{
-		log("\n");
-		log("    anlogic_determine_init [selection]\n");
-		log("\n");
-		log("Determine the init value of cells that doesn't allow unknown init value.\n");
-		log("\n");
-	}
-
-	Const determine_init(Const init)
-	{
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(init); i++) {
-			if (init[i] != State::S0 && init[i] != State::S1)
-				init[i] = State::S0;
-		}
-
-		return init;
-	}
-
-	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
-	{
-		log_header(design, "Executing ANLOGIC_DETERMINE_INIT pass (determine init value for cells).\n");
-
-		extra_args(args, args.size(), design);
-
-		int cnt = 0;
-		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
-		{
-			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
-			{
-				if (cell->type == "\\EG_LOGIC_DRAM16X4")
-				{
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_D0", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_D0")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_D1", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_D1")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_D2", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_D2")));
-					cell->setParam("\\INIT_D3", determine_init(cell->getParam("\\INIT_D3")));
-					cnt++;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		log_header(design, "Updated %d cells with determined init value.\n", cnt);
-	}
-} AnlogicDetermineInitPass;
-
-PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_fixcarry.cc b/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_fixcarry.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87164d375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/anlogic/anlogic_fixcarry.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2019  Miodrag Milanovic <miodrag@symbioticeda.com>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+static SigBit get_bit_or_zero(const SigSpec &sig)
+{
+	if (GetSize(sig) == 0)
+		return State::S0;
+	return sig[0];
+}
+
+static void fix_carry_chain(Module *module)
+{
+	SigMap sigmap(module);
+
+	pool<SigBit> ci_bits;
+	dict<SigBit, SigBit> mapping_bits;
+
+	for (auto cell : module->cells())
+	{
+		if (cell->type == "\\AL_MAP_ADDER") {
+			if (cell->getParam("\\ALUTYPE") != Const("ADD")) continue;
+			SigBit bit_i0 = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\a"));
+			SigBit bit_i1 = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\b"));
+			if (bit_i0 == State::S0 && bit_i1== State::S0) {
+				SigBit bit_ci = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\c"));
+				SigSpec o = cell->getPort("\\o");
+				if (GetSize(o) == 2) {
+					SigBit bit_o = o[0];
+					ci_bits.insert(bit_ci);				
+					mapping_bits[bit_ci] = bit_o;				
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	vector<Cell*> adders_to_fix_cells;
+	for (auto cell : module->cells())
+	{
+		if (cell->type == "\\AL_MAP_ADDER") {
+			if (cell->getParam("\\ALUTYPE") != Const("ADD")) continue;
+			SigBit bit_ci = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\c"));
+			SigBit bit_i0 = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\a"));
+			SigBit bit_i1 = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\b"));			
+			SigBit canonical_bit = sigmap(bit_ci);
+			if (!ci_bits.count(canonical_bit))
+				continue;			
+			if (bit_i0 == State::S0 && bit_i1== State::S0) 
+				continue;
+
+			adders_to_fix_cells.push_back(cell);
+			log("Found %s cell named %s with invalid 'c' signal.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell));
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (auto cell : adders_to_fix_cells)
+	{
+		SigBit bit_ci = get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\c"));
+		SigBit canonical_bit = sigmap(bit_ci);
+		auto bit = mapping_bits.at(canonical_bit);
+		log("Fixing %s cell named %s breaking carry chain.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell));
+		Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "\\AL_MAP_ADDER");
+		SigBit new_bit = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+		SigBit dummy_bit = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+		SigSpec bits;
+		bits.append(dummy_bit);
+		bits.append(new_bit);
+		c->setParam("\\ALUTYPE", Const("ADD_CARRY"));
+		c->setPort("\\a", bit);
+		c->setPort("\\b", State::S0);
+		c->setPort("\\c", State::S0);
+		c->setPort("\\o", bits);
+		
+		cell->setPort("\\c", new_bit);
+	}
+	
+}
+
+struct AnlogicCarryFixPass : public Pass {
+	AnlogicCarryFixPass() : Pass("anlogic_fixcarry", "Anlogic: fix carry chain") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    anlogic_fixcarry [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Add Anlogic adders to fix carry chain if needed.\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing anlogic_fixcarry pass (fix invalid carry chain).\n");
+		
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		Module *module = design->top_module();
+
+		if (module == nullptr)
+			log_cmd_error("No top module found.\n");
+
+		fix_carry_chain(module);		
+	}
+} AnlogicCarryFixPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v b/techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v
index 6d6a7ca37..d783b0212 100644
--- a/techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v
@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ module _80_anlogic_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 	output [Y_WIDTH-1:0] X, Y;
 
 	input CI, BI;
-	output CO;
+	output [Y_WIDTH-1:0] CO;
+   
+	wire CIx;
+	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] COx;
 
 	wire _TECHMAP_FAIL_ = Y_WIDTH <= 2;
 
@@ -41,15 +44,16 @@ module _80_anlogic_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 
 	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] AA = A_buf;
 	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] BB = BI ? ~B_buf : B_buf;
-	wire [Y_WIDTH+1:0] COx;
-	wire [Y_WIDTH+2:0] C = {COx, CI};
+	wire [Y_WIDTH-1:0] C = { COx, CIx };
 
     wire dummy;
     AL_MAP_ADDER #(
     	.ALUTYPE("ADD_CARRY"))
     adder_cin  (
-        .a(C[0]),
-        .o({COx[0], dummy})
+        .a(CI),
+		.b(1'b0),
+		.c(1'b0),
+        .o({CIx, dummy})
 	);
 
 	genvar i;
@@ -59,18 +63,22 @@ module _80_anlogic_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
         ) adder_i (
             .a(AA[i]),
             .b(BB[i]),
-            .c(C[i+1]),
-            .o({COx[i+1],Y[i]})
+            .c(C[i]),
+            .o({COx[i],Y[i]})
         );
-	  end: slice
+
+		wire cout;
+		AL_MAP_ADDER #(
+			.ALUTYPE("ADD"))
+		adder_cout  (
+			.a(1'b0),
+			.b(1'b0),
+			.c(COx[i]),
+			.o({cout, CO[i]})
+		);
+	  end: slice	  
 	endgenerate
-	/* End implementation */
-	AL_MAP_ADDER #(
-		.ALUTYPE("ADD"))
-	adder_cout  (
-		.c(C[Y_WIDTH+1]),
-		.o(COx[Y_WIDTH+1])
-	);				
-	assign CO = COx[Y_WIDTH+1];
-	assign X = AA ^ BB;
+
+   /* End implementation */
+   assign X = AA ^ BB;
 endmodule
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/techlibs/anlogic/synth_anlogic.cc b/techlibs/anlogic/synth_anlogic.cc
index 620bf3965..b87fc8566 100644
--- a/techlibs/anlogic/synth_anlogic.cc
+++ b/techlibs/anlogic/synth_anlogic.cc
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ struct SynthAnlogicPass : public ScriptPass
 		{
 			run("memory_bram -rules +/anlogic/drams.txt");
 			run("techmap -map +/anlogic/drams_map.v");
-			run("anlogic_determine_init");
+			run("setundef -zero -params t:EG_LOGIC_DRAM16X4");
 		}
 
 		if (check_label("fine"))
@@ -186,6 +186,11 @@ struct SynthAnlogicPass : public ScriptPass
 		{
 			run("techmap -map +/anlogic/cells_map.v");
 			run("clean");
+		}
+		
+		if (check_label("map_anlogic"))
+		{
+			run("anlogic_fixcarry");
 			run("anlogic_eqn");
 		}
 

From 12c692f6eda7367527fde2a8aad49447a73aa643 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2019 12:06:45 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 052/197] Revert "Merge pull request #1280 from
 YosysHQ/revert-1266-eddie/ice40_full_adder"

This reverts commit c851dc13108021834533094a8a3236da6d9e0161, reversing
changes made to f54bf1631ff37a83733c162e6ebd188c1d5ea18f.
---
 CHANGELOG                                     |   2 +
 frontends/ast/ast.cc                          |   2 +-
 passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc                     |  10 ++
 passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.cc               |  90 +++++++++++++++
 passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.pmg              |  11 ++
 techlibs/ice40/Makefile.inc                   |   1 -
 techlibs/ice40/arith_map.v                    |  32 ++----
 techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v                    |  23 ++--
 techlibs/ice40/ice40_unlut.cc                 | 106 ------------------
 techlibs/ice40/synth_ice40.cc                 |  13 ++-
 techlibs/ice40/tests/test_arith.ys            |   9 +-
 tests/{various => opt}/opt_expr.ys            |   0
 tests/opt/opt_ff.v                            |  21 ----
 tests/opt/opt_ff.ys                           |   3 -
 tests/opt/opt_lut.ys                          |   4 +-
 tests/{various => opt}/opt_rmdff.v            |   0
 tests/{various => opt}/opt_rmdff.ys           |   0
 tests/opt/{opt_ff_sat.v => opt_rmdff_sat.v}   |   0
 tests/opt/{opt_ff_sat.ys => opt_rmdff_sat.ys} |   2 +-
 tests/various/wreduce.ys                      |  33 +++++-
 20 files changed, 181 insertions(+), 181 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.cc
 create mode 100644 passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.pmg
 delete mode 100644 techlibs/ice40/ice40_unlut.cc
 rename tests/{various => opt}/opt_expr.ys (100%)
 delete mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_ff.v
 delete mode 100644 tests/opt/opt_ff.ys
 rename tests/{various => opt}/opt_rmdff.v (100%)
 rename tests/{various => opt}/opt_rmdff.ys (100%)
 rename tests/opt/{opt_ff_sat.v => opt_rmdff_sat.v} (100%)
 rename tests/opt/{opt_ff_sat.ys => opt_rmdff_sat.ys} (70%)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 638c36121..21fb8a3f5 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Added automatic gzip compression (based on filename extension) for backends
     - Improve attribute and parameter encoding in JSON to avoid ambiguities between
       bit vectors and strings containing [01xz]*
+    - Added "ice40_wrapcarry" to encapsulate SB_LUT+SB_CARRY pairs for techmapping
+    - Removed "ice40_unlut"
 
 Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
 --------------------------
diff --git a/frontends/ast/ast.cc b/frontends/ast/ast.cc
index 07ef0a86e..0d6626b19 100644
--- a/frontends/ast/ast.cc
+++ b/frontends/ast/ast.cc
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ void AST::process(RTLIL::Design *design, AstNode *ast, bool dump_ast1, bool dump
 
 			if (design->has((*it)->str)) {
 				RTLIL::Module *existing_mod = design->module((*it)->str);
-				if (!nooverwrite && !overwrite && !existing_mod->get_bool_attribute("\\blackbox")) {
+				if (!nooverwrite && !overwrite && !existing_mod->get_blackbox_attribute()) {
 					log_file_error((*it)->filename, (*it)->linenum, "Re-definition of module `%s'!\n", (*it)->str.c_str());
 				} else if (nooverwrite) {
 					log("Ignoring re-definition of module `%s' at %s:%d.\n",
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
index 7911132db..c03606152 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 OBJS += passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.o
+OBJS += passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.o
 OBJS += passes/pmgen/peepopt.o
 
 # --------------------------------------
@@ -12,6 +13,15 @@ passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h: passes/pmgen/pmgen.py passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.pmg
 
 # --------------------------------------
 
+passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.o: passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry_pm.h
+EXTRA_OBJS += passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry_pm.h
+.SECONDARY: passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry_pm.h
+
+passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry_pm.h: passes/pmgen/pmgen.py passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.pmg
+	$(P) mkdir -p passes/pmgen && python3 $< -o $@ -p ice40_wrapcarry $(filter-out $<,$^)
+
+# --------------------------------------
+
 passes/pmgen/peepopt.o: passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h
 EXTRA_OBJS += passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h
 .SECONDARY: passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.cc b/passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69ef3cd82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+#include "passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry_pm.h"
+
+void create_ice40_wrapcarry(ice40_wrapcarry_pm &pm)
+{
+	auto &st = pm.st_ice40_wrapcarry;
+
+#if 0
+	log("\n");
+	log("carry: %s\n", log_id(st.carry, "--"));
+	log("lut:   %s\n", log_id(st.lut, "--"));
+#endif
+
+	log("  replacing SB_LUT + SB_CARRY with $__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER cell.\n");
+
+	Cell *cell = pm.module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER");
+	pm.module->swap_names(cell, st.carry);
+
+	cell->setPort("\\A", st.carry->getPort("\\I0"));
+	cell->setPort("\\B", st.carry->getPort("\\I1"));
+	cell->setPort("\\CI", st.carry->getPort("\\CI"));
+	cell->setPort("\\CO", st.carry->getPort("\\CO"));
+
+	cell->setPort("\\I0", st.lut->getPort("\\I0"));
+	cell->setPort("\\I3", st.lut->getPort("\\I3"));
+	cell->setPort("\\O", st.lut->getPort("\\O"));
+	cell->setParam("\\LUT", st.lut->getParam("\\LUT_INIT"));
+
+	pm.autoremove(st.carry);
+	pm.autoremove(st.lut);
+}
+
+struct Ice40WrapCarryPass : public Pass {
+	Ice40WrapCarryPass() : Pass("ice40_wrapcarry", "iCE40: wrap carries") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    ice40_wrapcarry [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Wrap manually instantiated SB_CARRY cells, along with their associated SB_LUTs,\n");
+		log("into an internal $__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER cell for preservation across technology\n");
+		log("mapping.");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing ICE40_WRAPCARRY pass (wrap carries).\n");
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			// if (args[argidx] == "-singleton") {
+			// 	singleton_mode = true;
+			// 	continue;
+			// }
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+			ice40_wrapcarry_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_ice40_wrapcarry(create_ice40_wrapcarry);
+	}
+} Ice40WrapCarryPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.pmg b/passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.pmg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e64c7467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.pmg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+pattern ice40_wrapcarry
+
+match carry
+	select carry->type.in(\SB_CARRY)
+endmatch
+
+match lut
+	select lut->type.in(\SB_LUT4)
+	index <SigSpec> port(lut, \I1) === port(carry, \I0)
+	index <SigSpec> port(lut, \I2) === port(carry, \I1)
+endmatch
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/ice40/Makefile.inc
index d258d5a5d..76a89b107 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/Makefile.inc
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ OBJS += techlibs/ice40/ice40_braminit.o
 OBJS += techlibs/ice40/ice40_ffssr.o
 OBJS += techlibs/ice40/ice40_ffinit.o
 OBJS += techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.o
-OBJS += techlibs/ice40/ice40_unlut.o
 
 GENFILES += techlibs/ice40/brams_init1.vh
 GENFILES += techlibs/ice40/brams_init2.vh
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/arith_map.v b/techlibs/ice40/arith_map.v
index fe83a8e38..26b24db9e 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/arith_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/arith_map.v
@@ -44,35 +44,21 @@ module _80_ice40_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 
 	genvar i;
 	generate for (i = 0; i < Y_WIDTH; i = i + 1) begin:slice
-`ifdef _ABC
-		\$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER carry (
+		\$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER #(
+			//    A[0]: 1010 1010 1010 1010
+			//    A[1]: 1100 1100 1100 1100
+			//    A[2]: 1111 0000 1111 0000
+			//    A[3]: 1111 1111 0000 0000
+			.LUT(16'b 0110_1001_1001_0110)
+		) fadd (
 			.A(AA[i]),
 			.B(BB[i]),
 			.CI(C[i]),
+			.I0(1'b0),
+			.I3(C[i]),
 			.CO(CO[i]),
 			.O(Y[i])
 		);
-`else
-		SB_CARRY carry (
-			.I0(AA[i]),
-			.I1(BB[i]),
-			.CI(C[i]),
-			.CO(CO[i])
-		);
-		SB_LUT4 #(
-			//         I0: 1010 1010 1010 1010
-			//         I1: 1100 1100 1100 1100
-			//         I2: 1111 0000 1111 0000
-			//         I3: 1111 1111 0000 0000
-			.LUT_INIT(16'b 0110_1001_1001_0110)
-		) adder (
-			.I0(1'b0),
-			.I1(AA[i]),
-			.I2(BB[i]),
-			.I3(C[i]),
-			.O(Y[i])
-		);
-`endif
 	end endgenerate
 
 	assign X = AA ^ BB;
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v b/techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v
index b4b831165..0c10c9ac4 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v
@@ -62,26 +62,21 @@ module \$lut (A, Y);
 endmodule
 `endif
 
-`ifdef _ABC
-module \$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER (output CO, O, input A, B, CI);
+`ifndef NO_ADDER
+module \$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER (output CO, O, input A, B, CI, I0, I3);
+  parameter LUT = 0;
   SB_CARRY carry (
     .I0(A),
     .I1(B),
     .CI(CI),
     .CO(CO)
   );
-  SB_LUT4 #(
-    //         I0: 1010 1010 1010 1010
-    //         I1: 1100 1100 1100 1100
-    //         I2: 1111 0000 1111 0000
-    //         I3: 1111 1111 0000 0000
-    .LUT_INIT(16'b 0110_1001_1001_0110)
-  ) adder (
-    .I0(1'b0),
-    .I1(A),
-    .I2(B),
-    .I3(CI),
-    .O(O)
+  \$lut #(
+    .WIDTH(4),
+    .LUT(LUT)
+  ) lut (
+    .A({I3,B,A,I0}),
+    .Y(O)
   );
 endmodule
 `endif
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_unlut.cc b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_unlut.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index f3f70ac1f..000000000
--- a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_unlut.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
- *
- *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
- *
- *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
- *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
- *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
- *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "kernel/yosys.h"
-#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
-PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-
-static SigBit get_bit_or_zero(const SigSpec &sig)
-{
-	if (GetSize(sig) == 0)
-		return State::S0;
-	return sig[0];
-}
-
-static void run_ice40_unlut(Module *module)
-{
-	SigMap sigmap(module);
-
-	for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
-	{
-		if (cell->type == "\\SB_LUT4")
-		{
-			SigSpec inbits;
-
-			inbits.append(get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I0")));
-			inbits.append(get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I1")));
-			inbits.append(get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I2")));
-			inbits.append(get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I3")));
-			sigmap.apply(inbits);
-
-			log("Mapping SB_LUT4 cell %s.%s to $lut.\n", log_id(module), log_id(cell));
-
-			cell->type ="$lut";
-			cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", 4);
-			cell->setParam("\\LUT", cell->getParam("\\LUT_INIT"));
-			cell->unsetParam("\\LUT_INIT");
-
-			cell->setPort("\\A", SigSpec({
-				get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I0")),
-				get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I1")),
-				get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I2")),
-				get_bit_or_zero(cell->getPort("\\I3"))
-			}));
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", cell->getPort("\\O")[0]);
-			cell->unsetPort("\\I0");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\I1");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\I2");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\I3");
-			cell->unsetPort("\\O");
-
-			cell->check();
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-struct Ice40UnlutPass : public Pass {
-	Ice40UnlutPass() : Pass("ice40_unlut", "iCE40: transform SB_LUT4 cells to $lut cells") { }
-	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
-	{
-		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
-		log("\n");
-		log("    ice40_unlut [options] [selection]\n");
-		log("\n");
-		log("This command transforms all SB_LUT4 cells to generic $lut cells.\n");
-		log("\n");
-	}
-	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
-	{
-		log_header(design, "Executing ICE40_UNLUT pass (convert SB_LUT4 to $lut).\n");
-		log_push();
-
-		size_t argidx;
-		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++) {
-			// if (args[argidx] == "-???") {
-			//  continue;
-			// }
-			break;
-		}
-		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
-
-		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
-			run_ice40_unlut(module);
-	}
-} Ice40UnlutPass;
-
-PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/synth_ice40.cc b/techlibs/ice40/synth_ice40.cc
index dc04eed67..c6de81bd9 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/synth_ice40.cc
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/synth_ice40.cc
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ struct SynthIce40Pass : public ScriptPass
 	{
 		if (check_label("begin"))
 		{
-			run("read_verilog -icells -lib -D_ABC +/ice40/cells_sim.v");
+			run("read_verilog -icells -lib +/ice40/cells_sim.v");
 			run(stringf("hierarchy -check %s", help_mode ? "-top <top>" : top_opt.c_str()));
 			run("proc");
 		}
@@ -293,8 +293,10 @@ struct SynthIce40Pass : public ScriptPass
 		{
 			if (nocarry)
 				run("techmap");
-			else
-				run("techmap -map +/techmap.v -map +/ice40/arith_map.v" + std::string(abc == "abc9" ? " -D _ABC" : ""));
+			else {
+				run("ice40_wrapcarry");
+				run("techmap -map +/techmap.v -map +/ice40/arith_map.v");
+			}
 			if (retime || help_mode)
 				run(abc + " -dff", "(only if -retime)");
 			run("ice40_opt");
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ struct SynthIce40Pass : public ScriptPass
 				run("opt_merge");
 				run(stringf("dff2dffe -unmap-mince %d", min_ce_use));
 			}
-			run("techmap -D NO_LUT -map +/ice40/cells_map.v");
+			run("techmap -D NO_LUT -D NO_ADDER -map +/ice40/cells_map.v");
 			run("opt_expr -mux_undef");
 			run("simplemap");
 			run("ice40_ffinit");
@@ -338,13 +340,12 @@ struct SynthIce40Pass : public ScriptPass
 					else
 						wire_delay = 250;
 					run(abc + stringf(" -W %d -lut +/ice40/abc_%s.lut -box +/ice40/abc_%s.box", wire_delay, device_opt.c_str(), device_opt.c_str()), "(skip if -noabc)");
-					run("techmap -D NO_LUT -D _ABC -map +/ice40/cells_map.v");
 				}
 				else
 					run(abc + " -dress -lut 4", "(skip if -noabc)");
 			}
+			run("techmap -D NO_LUT -map +/ice40/cells_map.v");
 			run("clean");
-			run("ice40_unlut");
 			run("opt_lut -dlogic SB_CARRY:I0=2:I1=1:CI=0");
 		}
 
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/tests/test_arith.ys b/techlibs/ice40/tests/test_arith.ys
index 160c767fb..ddb80b700 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/tests/test_arith.ys
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/tests/test_arith.ys
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 read_verilog test_arith.v
 synth_ice40
-techmap -map ../cells_sim.v
 rename test gate
 
 read_verilog test_arith.v
@@ -8,3 +7,11 @@ rename test gold
 
 miter -equiv -flatten -make_outputs gold gate miter
 sat -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-ports miter
+
+synth_ice40 -top gate
+
+read_verilog test_arith.v
+rename test gold
+
+miter -equiv -flatten -make_outputs gold gate miter
+sat -verify -prove trigger 0 -show-ports miter
diff --git a/tests/various/opt_expr.ys b/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/various/opt_expr.ys
rename to tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_ff.v b/tests/opt/opt_ff.v
deleted file mode 100644
index a01b64b61..000000000
--- a/tests/opt/opt_ff.v
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-module top(
-    input clk,
-    input rst,
-    input [2:0] a,
-    output [1:0] b
-);
-    reg [2:0] b_reg;
-    initial begin
-        b_reg <= 3'b0;
-    end
-
-    assign b = b_reg[1:0];
-    always @(posedge clk or posedge rst) begin
-        if(rst) begin
-            b_reg <= 3'b0;
-        end else begin
-            b_reg <= a;
-        end
-    end
-endmodule
-
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_ff.ys b/tests/opt/opt_ff.ys
deleted file mode 100644
index 704c7acf3..000000000
--- a/tests/opt/opt_ff.ys
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-read_verilog opt_ff.v
-synth_ice40
-ice40_unlut
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_lut.ys b/tests/opt/opt_lut.ys
index 59b12c351..a9fccbb62 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_lut.ys
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_lut.ys
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 read_verilog opt_lut.v
-synth_ice40
-ice40_unlut
-equiv_opt -map +/ice40/cells_sim.v -assert opt_lut -dlogic SB_CARRY:I0=1:I1=2:CI=3
+equiv_opt -map +/ice40/cells_sim.v -assert synth_ice40
diff --git a/tests/various/opt_rmdff.v b/tests/opt/opt_rmdff.v
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/various/opt_rmdff.v
rename to tests/opt/opt_rmdff.v
diff --git a/tests/various/opt_rmdff.ys b/tests/opt/opt_rmdff.ys
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/various/opt_rmdff.ys
rename to tests/opt/opt_rmdff.ys
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_ff_sat.v b/tests/opt/opt_rmdff_sat.v
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/opt/opt_ff_sat.v
rename to tests/opt/opt_rmdff_sat.v
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_ff_sat.ys b/tests/opt/opt_rmdff_sat.ys
similarity index 70%
rename from tests/opt/opt_ff_sat.ys
rename to tests/opt/opt_rmdff_sat.ys
index 4e7cc6ca4..1c3dd9c05 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_ff_sat.ys
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_rmdff_sat.ys
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-read_verilog opt_ff_sat.v
+read_verilog opt_rmdff_sat.v
 prep -flatten
 opt_rmdff -sat
 synth
diff --git a/tests/various/wreduce.ys b/tests/various/wreduce.ys
index 4257292f5..2e0812c48 100644
--- a/tests/various/wreduce.ys
+++ b/tests/various/wreduce.ys
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ design -save gold
 opt_expr
 wreduce
 
-dump
 select -assert-count 1 t:$sub r:A_WIDTH=4 r:B_WIDTH=4 r:Y_WIDTH=5 %i %i %i
 
 design -stash gate
@@ -46,3 +45,35 @@ design -import gate -as gate
 
 miter -equiv -flatten -make_assert -make_outputs gold gate miter
 sat -verify -prove-asserts -show-ports miter
+
+##########
+
+# Testcase from: https://github.com/YosysHQ/yosys/commit/25680f6a078bb32f157bd580705656496717bafb
+design -reset
+read_verilog <<EOT
+module top(
+    input clk,
+    input rst,
+    input [2:0] a,
+    output [1:0] b
+);
+    reg [2:0] b_reg;
+    initial begin
+        b_reg <= 3'b0;
+    end
+
+    assign b = b_reg[1:0];
+    always @(posedge clk or posedge rst) begin
+        if(rst) begin
+            b_reg <= 3'b0;
+        end else begin
+            b_reg <= a;
+        end
+    end
+endmodule
+EOT
+
+proc
+wreduce
+
+select -assert-count 1 t:$adff r:ARST_VALUE=2'b00 %i

From 8a2480526f2ff80cbdf0f0f4279e8989b53b6e9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2019 12:19:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 053/197] Fix $lut pin ordering inside $__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER

---
 techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v b/techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v
index 0c10c9ac4..662423f0a 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/cells_map.v
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ module \$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER (output CO, O, input A, B, CI, I0, I3);
     .WIDTH(4),
     .LUT(LUT)
   ) lut (
-    .A({I3,B,A,I0}),
+    .A({I0,A,B,I3}),
     .Y(O)
   );
 endmodule

From f4c62f33ac56bc5725c44ad822e75d2387f98061 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Marcin=20Ko=C5=9Bcielnicki?= <koriakin@0x04.net>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2019 15:57:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 054/197] Add clock buffer insertion pass, improve iopadmap.

A few new attributes are defined for use in cell libraries:

- iopad_external_pin: marks PAD cell's external-facing pin.  Pad
  insertion will be skipped for ports that are already connected
  to such a pin.
- clkbuf_sink: marks an input pin as a clock pin, requesting clock
  buffer insertion.
- clkbuf_driver: marks an output pin as a clock buffer output pin.
  Clock buffer insertion will be skipped for nets that are already
  driven by such a pin.

All three are module attributes that should be set to a comma-separeted
list of pin names.

Clock buffer insertion itself works as follows:

1. All cell ports, starting from bottom up, can be marked as clock sinks
   (requesting clock buffer insertion) or as clock buffer outputs.
2. If a wire in a given module is driven by a cell port that is a clock
   buffer output, it is in turn also considered a clock buffer output.
3. If an input port in a non-top module is connected to a clock sink in a
   contained cell, it is also in turn considered a clock sink.
4. If a wire in a module is driven by a non-clock-buffer cell, and is
   also connected to a clock sink port in a contained cell, a clock
   buffer is inserted in this module.
5. For the top module, a clock buffer is also inserted on input ports
   connected to clock sinks, optionally with a special kind of input
   PAD (such as IBUFG for Xilinx).
6. Clock buffer insertion on a given wire is skipped if the clkbuf_inhibit
   attribute is set on it.
---
 examples/mimas2/run_yosys.ys    |   3 +-
 passes/techmap/Makefile.inc     |   1 +
 passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc     | 299 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc      |  76 +++++---
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v     |  16 ++
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh   | 144 +++++++--------
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v    |  90 +++++++++-
 techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc |  37 +++-
 techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v |   2 +
 techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v  |   2 +
 10 files changed, 577 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc

diff --git a/examples/mimas2/run_yosys.ys b/examples/mimas2/run_yosys.ys
index b3204b1ca..b48877811 100644
--- a/examples/mimas2/run_yosys.ys
+++ b/examples/mimas2/run_yosys.ys
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 read_verilog example.v
-synth_xilinx -top example -family xc6s
-iopadmap -bits -outpad OBUF I:O -inpad IBUF O:I
+synth_xilinx -top example -family xc6s -ise
 write_edif -pvector bra example.edif
diff --git a/passes/techmap/Makefile.inc b/passes/techmap/Makefile.inc
index 56f05eca4..631a80aa5 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/Makefile.inc
+++ b/passes/techmap/Makefile.inc
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ endif
 
 ifneq ($(SMALL),1)
 OBJS += passes/techmap/iopadmap.o
+OBJS += passes/techmap/clkbufmap.o
 OBJS += passes/techmap/hilomap.o
 OBJS += passes/techmap/extract.o
 OBJS += passes/techmap/extract_fa.o
diff --git a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ecc83071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+void split_portname_pair(std::string &port1, std::string &port2)
+{
+	size_t pos = port1.find_first_of(':');
+	if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+		port2 = port1.substr(pos+1);
+		port1 = port1.substr(0, pos);
+	}
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> split(std::string text, const char *delim)
+{
+	std::vector<std::string> list;
+	char *p = strdup(text.c_str());
+	char *t = strtok(p, delim);
+	while (t != NULL) {
+		list.push_back(t);
+		t = strtok(NULL, delim);
+	}
+	free(p);
+	return list;
+}
+
+struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
+	ClkbufmapPass() : Pass("clkbufmap", "insert global buffers on clock networks") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log("\n");
+		log("    clkbufmap [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Inserts global buffers between nets connected to clock inputs and their\n");
+		log("drivers.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -buf <celltype> <portname_out>:<portname_in>\n");
+		log("        Specifies the cell type to use for the global buffers\n");
+		log("        and its port names.  The first port will be connected to\n");
+		log("        the clock network sinks, and the second will be connected\n");
+		log("        to the actual clock source.  This option is required.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -inpad <celltype> <portname_out>:<portname_in>\n");
+		log("        If specified, a PAD cell of the given type is inserted on\n");
+		log("        clock nets that are also top module's inputs (in addition\n");
+		log("        to the global buffer).\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+
+	void module_queue(Design *design, Module *module, std::vector<Module *> &modules_sorted, pool<Module *> &modules_processed) {
+		if (modules_processed.count(module))
+			return;
+		for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
+			Module *submodule = design->module(cell->type);
+			if (!submodule)
+				continue;
+			module_queue(design, submodule, modules_sorted, modules_processed);
+		}
+		modules_sorted.push_back(module);
+		modules_processed.insert(module);
+	}
+
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing CLKBUFMAP pass (inserting global clock buffers).\n");
+
+		std::string buf_celltype, buf_portname, buf_portname2;
+		std::string inpad_celltype, inpad_portname, inpad_portname2;
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			std::string arg = args[argidx];
+			if (arg == "-buf" && argidx+2 < args.size()) {
+				buf_celltype = args[++argidx];
+				buf_portname = args[++argidx];
+				split_portname_pair(buf_portname, buf_portname2);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (arg == "-inpad" && argidx+2 < args.size()) {
+				inpad_celltype = args[++argidx];
+				inpad_portname = args[++argidx];
+				split_portname_pair(inpad_portname, inpad_portname2);
+				continue;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		if (buf_celltype.empty())
+			log_error("The -buf option is required.");
+
+		// Cell type, port name, bit index.
+		pool<pair<IdString, pair<IdString, int>>> sink_ports;
+		pool<pair<IdString, pair<IdString, int>>> buf_ports;
+
+		// Process submodules before module using them.
+		std::vector<Module *> modules_sorted;
+		pool<Module *> modules_processed;
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+			module_queue(design, module, modules_sorted, modules_processed);
+
+		for (auto module : modules_sorted)
+		{
+			if (module->get_blackbox_attribute()) {
+				auto it = module->attributes.find("\\clkbuf_driver");
+				if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
+					auto value = it->second.decode_string();
+					for (auto name : split(value, ",")) {
+						auto wire = module->wire(RTLIL::escape_id(name));
+						if (!wire)
+							log_error("Module %s does not have port %s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(name));
+						for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire); i++)
+							buf_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(name), i)));
+					}
+				}
+				it = module->attributes.find("\\clkbuf_sink");
+				if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
+					auto value = it->second.decode_string();
+					for (auto name : split(value, ",")) {
+						auto wire = module->wire(RTLIL::escape_id(name));
+						if (!wire)
+							log_error("Module %s does not have port %s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(name));
+						for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire); i++)
+							sink_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(name), i)));
+					}
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+			pool<SigBit> sink_wire_bits;
+			pool<SigBit> buf_wire_bits;
+			pool<SigBit> driven_wire_bits;
+			SigMap sigmap(module);
+			// bit -> (buffer, buffer's input)
+			dict<SigBit, pair<Cell *, Wire *>> buffered_bits;
+
+			// First, collect nets that could use a clock buffer.
+			for (auto cell : module->cells())
+			for (auto port : cell->connections())
+			for (int i = 0; i < port.second.size(); i++)
+				if (sink_ports.count(make_pair(cell->type, make_pair(port.first, i))))
+					sink_wire_bits.insert(sigmap(port.second[i]));
+
+			// Second, collect ones that already have a clock buffer.
+			for (auto cell : module->cells())
+			for (auto port : cell->connections())
+			for (int i = 0; i < port.second.size(); i++)
+				if (buf_ports.count(make_pair(cell->type, make_pair(port.first, i))))
+					buf_wire_bits.insert(sigmap(port.second[i]));
+
+			// Collect all driven bits.
+			for (auto cell : module->cells())
+			for (auto port : cell->connections())
+				if (cell->output(port.first))
+					for (int i = 0; i < port.second.size(); i++)
+						driven_wire_bits.insert(port.second[i]);
+
+			// Insert buffers.
+			std::vector<pair<Wire *, Wire *>> input_queue;
+			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires())
+			{
+				// Should not happen.
+				if (wire->port_input && wire->port_output)
+					continue;
+				if (wire->get_bool_attribute("\\clkbuf_inhibit"))
+					continue;
+
+				pool<int> input_bits;
+
+				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire); i++)
+				{
+					SigBit wire_bit(wire, i);
+					SigBit mapped_wire_bit = sigmap(wire_bit);
+					if (buf_wire_bits.count(mapped_wire_bit)) {
+						// Already buffered downstream.  If this is an output, mark it.
+						if (wire->port_output)
+							buf_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(wire->name, i)));
+					} else if (!sink_wire_bits.count(mapped_wire_bit)) {
+						// Nothing to do.
+					} else if (driven_wire_bits.count(wire_bit) || (wire->port_input && module->get_bool_attribute("\\top"))) {
+						// Clock network not yet buffered, driven by one of
+						// our cells or a top-level input -- buffer it.
+
+						log("Inserting %s on %s.%s[%d].\n", buf_celltype.c_str(), log_id(module), log_id(wire), i);
+						RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, RTLIL::escape_id(buf_celltype));
+						Wire *iwire = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+						cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(buf_portname), mapped_wire_bit);
+						cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(buf_portname2), iwire);
+						if (wire->port_input && !inpad_celltype.empty() && module->get_bool_attribute("\\top")) {
+							log("Inserting %s on %s.%s[%d].\n", inpad_celltype.c_str(), log_id(module), log_id(wire), i);
+							RTLIL::Cell *cell2 = module->addCell(NEW_ID, RTLIL::escape_id(inpad_celltype));
+							cell2->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(inpad_portname), iwire);
+							iwire = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+							cell2->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(inpad_portname2), iwire);
+						}
+						buffered_bits[mapped_wire_bit] = make_pair(cell, iwire);
+
+						if (wire->port_input) {
+							input_bits.insert(i);
+						}
+					} else if (wire->port_input) {
+						// A clock input in a submodule -- mark it, let higher level
+						// worry about it.
+						if (wire->port_input)
+							sink_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(wire->name, i)));
+					}
+				}
+				if (!input_bits.empty()) {
+					// This is an input port and some buffers were inserted -- we need
+					// to create a new input wire and transfer attributes.
+					Wire *new_wire = module->addWire(NEW_ID, wire);
+
+					for (int i = 0; i < wire->width; i++) {
+						SigBit wire_bit(wire, i);
+						SigBit mapped_wire_bit = sigmap(wire_bit);
+						auto it = buffered_bits.find(mapped_wire_bit);
+						if (it != buffered_bits.end()) {
+
+							module->connect(it->second.second, SigSpec(new_wire, i));
+						} else {
+							module->connect(SigSpec(wire, i), SigSpec(new_wire, i));
+						}
+					}
+					input_queue.push_back(make_pair(wire, new_wire));
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Mark any newly-buffered output ports as such.
+			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires()) {
+				if (wire->port_input || !wire->port_output)
+					continue;
+				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire); i++)
+				{
+					SigBit wire_bit(wire, i);
+					SigBit mapped_wire_bit = sigmap(wire_bit);
+					if (buffered_bits.count(mapped_wire_bit))
+						buf_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(wire->name, i)));
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Reconnect the drivers to buffer inputs.
+			for (auto cell : module->cells())
+			for (auto port : cell->connections()) {
+				if (!cell->output(port.first))
+					continue;
+				SigSpec sig = port.second;
+				bool newsig = false;
+				for (auto &bit : sig) {
+					const auto it = buffered_bits.find(sigmap(bit));
+					if (it == buffered_bits.end())
+						continue;
+					// Avoid substituting buffer's own output pin.
+					if (cell == it->second.first)
+						continue;
+					bit = it->second.second;
+					newsig = true;
+				}
+				if (newsig)
+					cell->setPort(port.first, sig);
+			}
+
+			// This has to be done last, to avoid upsetting sigmap before the port reconnections.
+			for (auto &it : input_queue) {
+				Wire *wire = it.first;
+				Wire *new_wire = it.second;
+				module->swap_names(new_wire, wire);
+				wire->attributes.clear();
+				wire->port_id = 0;
+				wire->port_input = false;
+				wire->port_output = false;
+			}
+
+			module->fixup_ports();
+		}
+	}
+} ClkbufmapPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
index efcc082d5..e3d68ab0c 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
@@ -32,6 +32,19 @@ void split_portname_pair(std::string &port1, std::string &port2)
 	}
 }
 
+std::vector<std::string> split(std::string text, const char *delim)
+{
+	std::vector<std::string> list;
+	char *p = strdup(text.c_str());
+	char *t = strtok(p, delim);
+	while (t != NULL) {
+		list.push_back(t);
+		t = strtok(NULL, delim);
+	}
+	free(p);
+	return list;
+}
+
 struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 	IopadmapPass() : Pass("iopadmap", "technology mapping of i/o pads (or buffers)") { }
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -64,6 +77,11 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 		log("        of the tristate driver and the 2nd portname is the internal output\n");
 		log("        buffering the external signal.\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -ignore <celltype> <portname>[:<portname>]*\n");
+		log("        Skips mapping inputs/outputs that are already connected to given\n");
+		log("        ports of the given cell.  Can be used multiple times.  This is in\n");
+		log("        addition to the cells specified as mapping targets.\n");
+		log("\n");
 		log("    -widthparam <param_name>\n");
 		log("        Use the specified parameter name to set the port width.\n");
 		log("\n");
@@ -88,6 +106,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 		std::string toutpad_celltype, toutpad_portname, toutpad_portname2, toutpad_portname3;
 		std::string tinoutpad_celltype, tinoutpad_portname, tinoutpad_portname2, tinoutpad_portname3, tinoutpad_portname4;
 		std::string widthparam, nameparam;
+		pool<pair<IdString, IdString>> ignore;
 		bool flag_bits = false;
 
 		size_t argidx;
@@ -127,6 +146,18 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 				split_portname_pair(tinoutpad_portname3, tinoutpad_portname4);
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (arg == "-ignore" && argidx+2 < args.size()) {
+				std::string ignore_celltype = args[++argidx];
+				std::string ignore_portname = args[++argidx];
+				std::string ignore_portname2;
+				while (!ignore_portname.empty()) {
+					split_portname_pair(ignore_portname, ignore_portname2);
+					ignore.insert(make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(ignore_celltype), RTLIL::escape_id(ignore_portname)));
+
+					ignore_portname = ignore_portname2;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (arg == "-widthparam" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
 				widthparam = args[++argidx];
 				continue;
@@ -143,6 +174,28 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 		}
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
+		if (!inpad_portname2.empty())
+			ignore.insert(make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(inpad_celltype), RTLIL::escape_id(inpad_portname2)));
+		if (!outpad_portname2.empty())
+			ignore.insert(make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(outpad_celltype), RTLIL::escape_id(outpad_portname2)));
+		if (!inoutpad_portname2.empty())
+			ignore.insert(make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(inoutpad_celltype), RTLIL::escape_id(inoutpad_portname2)));
+		if (!toutpad_portname3.empty())
+			ignore.insert(make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_celltype), RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname3)));
+		if (!tinoutpad_portname4.empty())
+			ignore.insert(make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_celltype), RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname4)));
+
+		for (auto module : design->modules())
+		{
+			auto it = module->attributes.find("\\iopad_external_pin");
+			if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
+				auto value = it->second.decode_string();
+				for (auto name : split(value, ",")) {
+					ignore.insert(make_pair(module->name, RTLIL::escape_id(name)));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{
 			dict<IdString, pool<int>> skip_wires;
@@ -150,28 +203,11 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 			SigMap sigmap(module);
 
 			for (auto cell : module->cells())
-			{
-				if (cell->type == RTLIL::escape_id(inpad_celltype) && cell->hasPort(RTLIL::escape_id(inpad_portname2)))
-					for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(RTLIL::escape_id(inpad_portname2))))
+			for (auto port : cell->connections())
+				if (ignore.count(make_pair(cell->type, port.first)))
+					for (auto bit : sigmap(port.second))
 						skip_wire_bits.insert(bit);
 
-				if (cell->type == RTLIL::escape_id(outpad_celltype) && cell->hasPort(RTLIL::escape_id(outpad_portname2)))
-					for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(RTLIL::escape_id(outpad_portname2))))
-						skip_wire_bits.insert(bit);
-
-				if (cell->type == RTLIL::escape_id(inoutpad_celltype) && cell->hasPort(RTLIL::escape_id(inoutpad_portname2)))
-					for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(RTLIL::escape_id(inoutpad_portname2))))
-						skip_wire_bits.insert(bit);
-
-				if (cell->type == RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_celltype) && cell->hasPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname3)))
-					for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname3))))
-						skip_wire_bits.insert(bit);
-
-				if (cell->type == RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_celltype) && cell->hasPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname4)))
-					for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname4))))
-						skip_wire_bits.insert(bit);
-			}
-
 			if (!toutpad_celltype.empty() || !tinoutpad_celltype.empty())
 			{
 				dict<SigBit, pair<IdString, pool<IdString>>> tbuf_bits;
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
index 05e46b4e7..d5815ca77 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
@@ -42,10 +42,12 @@ module OBUF(output O, input I);
   assign O = I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFG(output O, input I);
   assign O = I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGCTRL(
     output O,
     input I0, input I1,
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@ assign O = S0_true ? I0_internal : (S1_true ? I1_internal : INIT_OUT);
 
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFHCE(output O, input I, input CE);
 
 parameter [0:0] INIT_OUT = 1'b0;
@@ -213,6 +216,7 @@ endmodule
 
 `endif
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module FDRE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, R);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b0;
   parameter [0:0] IS_C_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -225,6 +229,7 @@ module FDRE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, R);
   endcase endgenerate
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module FDSE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, S);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b1;
   parameter [0:0] IS_C_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -237,6 +242,7 @@ module FDSE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, S);
   endcase endgenerate
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module FDCE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, CLR);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b0;
   parameter [0:0] IS_C_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -251,6 +257,7 @@ module FDCE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, CLR);
   endcase endgenerate
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module FDPE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, PRE);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b1;
   parameter [0:0] IS_C_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -265,30 +272,35 @@ module FDPE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, PRE);
   endcase endgenerate
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module FDRE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, R);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b0;
   initial Q <= INIT;
   always @(negedge C) if (R) Q <= 1'b0; else if(CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module FDSE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, S);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b1;
   initial Q <= INIT;
   always @(negedge C) if (S) Q <= 1'b1; else if(CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module FDCE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, CLR);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b0;
   initial Q <= INIT;
   always @(negedge C, posedge CLR) if (CLR) Q <= 1'b0; else if (CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module FDPE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, PRE);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b1;
   initial Q <= INIT;
   always @(negedge C, posedge PRE) if (PRE) Q <= 1'b1; else if (CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 (* abc_box_id = 5, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
 module RAM32X1D (
   output DPO, SPO,
@@ -307,6 +319,7 @@ module RAM32X1D (
   always @(posedge clk) if (WE) mem[a] <= D;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 (* abc_box_id = 6, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
 module RAM64X1D (
   output DPO, SPO,
@@ -325,6 +338,7 @@ module RAM64X1D (
   always @(posedge clk) if (WE) mem[a] <= D;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 (* abc_box_id = 7, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
 module RAM128X1D (
   output       DPO, SPO,
@@ -340,6 +354,7 @@ module RAM128X1D (
   always @(posedge clk) if (WE) mem[A] <= D;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK" *)
 module SRL16E (
   output Q,
   input A0, A1, A2, A3, CE, CLK, D
@@ -358,6 +373,7 @@ module SRL16E (
   endgenerate
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK" *)
 module SRLC32E (
   output Q,
   output Q31,
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh
index 53b528820..3291e46a8 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
 set -e
-libdir="/opt/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1/data/verilog/src"
+if [ -z "$1" ]
+then
+	libdir="/opt/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1/data/verilog/src"
+else
+	libdir=$1
+fi
 
 function xtract_cell_decl()
 {
@@ -24,33 +29,33 @@ function xtract_cell_decl()
 	echo
 
 	# Design elements types listed in Xilinx UG953
-	xtract_cell_decl BSCANE2
-	# xtract_cell_decl BUFG
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGCE
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGCE_1
-	#xtract_cell_decl BUFGCTRL
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX_1
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX_CTRL
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFH
-	#xtract_cell_decl BUFHCE
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFIO
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFMR
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFMRCE
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFR
+	xtract_cell_decl BSCANE2 "(* keep *)"
+	# xtract_cell_decl BUFG "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFGCE "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFGCE_1 "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	#xtract_cell_decl BUFGCTRL "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX_1 "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX_CTRL "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFH "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	#xtract_cell_decl BUFHCE "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFIO "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFMR "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFMRCE "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl BUFR "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl CAPTUREE2 "(* keep *)"
 	# xtract_cell_decl CARRY4
-	xtract_cell_decl CFGLUT5
+	xtract_cell_decl CFGLUT5 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl DCIRESET "(* keep *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl DNA_PORT
-	xtract_cell_decl DSP48E1
+	xtract_cell_decl DSP48E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl EFUSE_USR
 	# xtract_cell_decl FDCE
 	# xtract_cell_decl FDPE
 	# xtract_cell_decl FDRE
 	# xtract_cell_decl FDSE
-	xtract_cell_decl FIFO18E1
-	xtract_cell_decl FIFO36E1
+	xtract_cell_decl FIFO18E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"RDCLK,WRCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl FIFO36E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"RDCLK,WRCLK\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl FRAME_ECCE2
 	xtract_cell_decl GTHE2_CHANNEL
 	xtract_cell_decl GTHE2_COMMON
@@ -58,31 +63,34 @@ function xtract_cell_decl()
 	xtract_cell_decl GTPE2_COMMON
 	xtract_cell_decl GTXE2_CHANNEL
 	xtract_cell_decl GTXE2_COMMON
-	# xtract_cell_decl IBUF
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUF_IBUFDISABLE
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUF_INTERMDISABLE
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_IBUFDISABLE
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_GTE2
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_IBUFDISABLE
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_INTERMDISABLE
+	# xtract_cell_decl IBUF "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUF_IBUFDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUF_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_IBUFDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_GTE2 "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_IBUFDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFG "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFGDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IBUFGDS_DIFF_OUT "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl ICAPE2 "(* keep *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IDDR
-	xtract_cell_decl IDDR_2CLK
-	xtract_cell_decl IDELAYCTRL "(* keep *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IDELAYE2
-	xtract_cell_decl IN_FIFO
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF_DCIEN
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DCIEN
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE
-	xtract_cell_decl ISERDESE2
+	xtract_cell_decl IDDR "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IDDR_2CLK "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C,CB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IDELAYCTRL "(* keep *) (* clkbuf_sink = \"REFCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IDELAYE2 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IN_FIFO "(* clkbuf_sink = \"RDCLK,WRCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF_DCIEN "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DCIEN "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO,IOB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO,IOB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO,IOB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO,IOB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl ISERDESE2 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK,CLKB,CLKDIV,CLKDIVP,OCLK,OCLKB\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl KEEPER
 	xtract_cell_decl LDCE
 	xtract_cell_decl LDPE
@@ -97,14 +105,14 @@ function xtract_cell_decl()
 	xtract_cell_decl MMCME2_BASE
 	# xtract_cell_decl MUXF7
 	# xtract_cell_decl MUXF8
-	# xtract_cell_decl OBUF
-	xtract_cell_decl OBUFDS
-	xtract_cell_decl OBUFT
-	xtract_cell_decl OBUFTDS
-	xtract_cell_decl ODDR
-	xtract_cell_decl ODELAYE2
-	xtract_cell_decl OSERDESE2
-	xtract_cell_decl OUT_FIFO
+	# xtract_cell_decl OBUF "(* iopad_external_pin = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl OBUFDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"O,OB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl OBUFT "(* iopad_external_pin = \"O\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl OBUFTDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"O,OB\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl ODDR "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl ODELAYE2 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl OSERDESE2 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK,CLKDIV\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl OUT_FIFO "(* clkbuf_sink = \"RDCLK,WRCLK\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl PHASER_IN
 	xtract_cell_decl PHASER_IN_PHY
 	xtract_cell_decl PHASER_OUT
@@ -116,27 +124,27 @@ function xtract_cell_decl()
 	xtract_cell_decl PS7 "(* keep *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl PULLDOWN
 	xtract_cell_decl PULLUP
-	#xtract_cell_decl RAM128X1D
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM128X1S
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM256X1S
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM32M
-	#xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1D
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1S
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1S_1
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X2S
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM64M
-	#xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1D
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1S
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1S_1
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X2S
-	# xtract_cell_decl RAMB18E1
-	# xtract_cell_decl RAMB36E1
+	#xtract_cell_decl RAM128X1D "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM128X1S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM256X1S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM32M "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	#xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1D "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1S_1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X2S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM64M "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	#xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1D "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1S_1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X2S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
+	# xtract_cell_decl RAMB18E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLKARDCLK,CLKBWRCLK\" *)"
+	# xtract_cell_decl RAMB36E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLKARDCLK,CLKBWRCLK\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl ROM128X1
 	xtract_cell_decl ROM256X1
 	xtract_cell_decl ROM32X1
 	xtract_cell_decl ROM64X1
-	#xtract_cell_decl SRL16E
-	#xtract_cell_decl SRLC32E
+	#xtract_cell_decl SRL16E "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK\" *)"
+	#xtract_cell_decl SRLC32E "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK\" *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl STARTUPE2 "(* keep *)"
 	xtract_cell_decl USR_ACCESSE2
 	xtract_cell_decl XADC
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v
index 15fa1b63a..0fbbc0fdf 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Created by cells_xtra.sh from Xilinx models
 
+(* keep *)
 module BSCANE2 (...);
     parameter DISABLE_JTAG = "FALSE";
     parameter integer JTAG_CHAIN = 1;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ module BSCANE2 (...);
     input TDO;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGCE (...);
     parameter CE_TYPE = "SYNC";
     parameter [0:0] IS_CE_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -25,23 +27,28 @@ module BUFGCE (...);
     input I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGCE_1 (...);
     output O;
-    input CE, I;
+    input CE;
+    input I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGMUX (...);
     parameter CLK_SEL_TYPE = "SYNC";
     output O;
     input I0, I1, S;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGMUX_1 (...);
     parameter CLK_SEL_TYPE = "SYNC";
     output O;
     input I0, I1, S;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGMUX_CTRL (...);
     output O;
     input I0;
@@ -49,21 +56,25 @@ module BUFGMUX_CTRL (...);
     input S;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFH (...);
     output O;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFIO (...);
     output O;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFMR (...);
     output O;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFMRCE (...);
     parameter CE_TYPE = "SYNC";
     parameter integer INIT_OUT = 0;
@@ -73,6 +84,7 @@ module BUFMRCE (...);
     input I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFR (...);
     output O;
     input CE;
@@ -89,6 +101,7 @@ module CAPTUREE2 (...);
     input CLK;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK" *)
 module CFGLUT5 (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_CLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -111,6 +124,7 @@ module DNA_PORT (...);
     input CLK, DIN, READ, SHIFT;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK" *)
 module DSP48E1 (...);
     parameter integer ACASCREG = 1;
     parameter integer ADREG = 1;
@@ -198,6 +212,7 @@ module EFUSE_USR (...);
     output [31:0] EFUSEUSR;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "RDCLK,WRCLK" *)
 module FIFO18E1 (...);
     parameter ALMOST_EMPTY_OFFSET = 13'h0080;
     parameter ALMOST_FULL_OFFSET = 13'h0080;
@@ -236,6 +251,7 @@ module FIFO18E1 (...);
     input WREN;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "RDCLK,WRCLK" *)
 module FIFO36E1 (...);
     parameter ALMOST_EMPTY_OFFSET = 13'h0080;
     parameter ALMOST_FULL_OFFSET = 13'h0080;
@@ -1963,6 +1979,7 @@ module GTXE2_COMMON (...);
     input [7:0] PMARSVD;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I" *)
 module IBUF_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
@@ -1973,6 +1990,7 @@ module IBUF_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     input IBUFDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I" *)
 module IBUF_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
@@ -1984,6 +2002,7 @@ module IBUF_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     input INTERMDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
@@ -1996,6 +2015,7 @@ module IBUFDS (...);
     input I, IB;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2005,6 +2025,7 @@ module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
     input I, IB;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2019,6 +2040,7 @@ module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     input IBUFDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2034,6 +2056,7 @@ module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     input INTERMDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_GTE2 (...);
     parameter CLKCM_CFG = "TRUE";
     parameter CLKRCV_TRST = "TRUE";
@@ -2045,6 +2068,7 @@ module IBUFDS_GTE2 (...);
     input IB;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2058,6 +2082,7 @@ module IBUFDS_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     input IBUFDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2072,6 +2097,37 @@ module IBUFDS_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     input INTERMDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I" *)
+module IBUFG (...);
+    parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
+    parameter IBUF_DELAY_VALUE = "0";
+    parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
+    parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
+    output O;
+    input I;
+endmodule
+
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
+module IBUFGDS (...);
+    parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
+    parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
+    parameter IBUF_DELAY_VALUE = "0";
+    parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
+    parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
+    output O;
+    input I, IB;
+endmodule
+
+(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
+module IBUFGDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
+    parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
+    parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
+    parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
+    parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
+    output O, OB;
+    input I, IB;
+endmodule
+
 (* keep *)
 module ICAPE2 (...);
     parameter [31:0] DEVICE_ID = 32'h04244093;
@@ -2084,6 +2140,7 @@ module ICAPE2 (...);
     input [31:0] I;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module IDDR (...);
     parameter DDR_CLK_EDGE = "OPPOSITE_EDGE";
     parameter INIT_Q1 = 1'b0;
@@ -2102,6 +2159,7 @@ module IDDR (...);
     input S;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C,CB" *)
 module IDDR_2CLK (...);
     parameter DDR_CLK_EDGE = "OPPOSITE_EDGE";
     parameter INIT_Q1 = 1'b0;
@@ -2120,7 +2178,7 @@ module IDDR_2CLK (...);
     input S;
 endmodule
 
-(* keep *)
+(* keep *) (* clkbuf_sink = "REFCLK" *)
 module IDELAYCTRL (...);
     parameter SIM_DEVICE = "7SERIES";
     output RDY;
@@ -2128,6 +2186,7 @@ module IDELAYCTRL (...);
     input RST;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module IDELAYE2 (...);
     parameter CINVCTRL_SEL = "FALSE";
     parameter DELAY_SRC = "IDATAIN";
@@ -2155,6 +2214,7 @@ module IDELAYE2 (...);
     input REGRST;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "RDCLK,WRCLK" *)
 module IN_FIFO (...);
     parameter integer ALMOST_EMPTY_VALUE = 1;
     parameter integer ALMOST_FULL_VALUE = 1;
@@ -2191,6 +2251,7 @@ module IN_FIFO (...);
     input [7:0] D6;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "IO" *)
 module IOBUF (...);
     parameter integer DRIVE = 12;
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
@@ -2201,6 +2262,7 @@ module IOBUF (...);
     input I, T;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "IO" *)
 module IOBUF_DCIEN (...);
     parameter integer DRIVE = 12;
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
@@ -2216,6 +2278,7 @@ module IOBUF_DCIEN (...);
     input T;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "IO" *)
 module IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter integer DRIVE = 12;
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
@@ -2231,6 +2294,7 @@ module IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     input T;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "IO" *)
 module IOBUFDS (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2242,6 +2306,7 @@ module IOBUFDS (...);
     input I, T;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "IO,IOB" *)
 module IOBUFDS_DCIEN (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2259,6 +2324,7 @@ module IOBUFDS_DCIEN (...);
     input T;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "IO,IOB" *)
 module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2273,6 +2339,7 @@ module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
     input TS;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "IO,IOB" *)
 module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2291,6 +2358,7 @@ module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN (...);
     input TS;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "IO,IOB" *)
 module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2309,6 +2377,7 @@ module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     input TS;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK,CLKB,CLKDIV,CLKDIVP,OCLK,OCLKB" *)
 module ISERDESE2 (...);
     parameter DATA_RATE = "DDR";
     parameter integer DATA_WIDTH = 4;
@@ -2529,6 +2598,7 @@ module MMCME2_BASE (...);
     input RST;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "O,OB" *)
 module OBUFDS (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
@@ -2537,6 +2607,7 @@ module OBUFDS (...);
     input I;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "O" *)
 module OBUFT (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter integer DRIVE = 12;
@@ -2546,6 +2617,7 @@ module OBUFT (...);
     input I, T;
 endmodule
 
+(* iopad_external_pin = "O,OB" *)
 module OBUFTDS (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
@@ -2554,6 +2626,7 @@ module OBUFTDS (...);
     input I, T;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module ODDR (...);
     output Q;
     input C;
@@ -2572,6 +2645,7 @@ module ODDR (...);
     parameter XON = "TRUE";
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module ODELAYE2 (...);
     parameter CINVCTRL_SEL = "FALSE";
     parameter DELAY_SRC = "ODATAIN";
@@ -2598,6 +2672,7 @@ module ODELAYE2 (...);
     input REGRST;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK,CLKDIV" *)
 module OSERDESE2 (...);
     parameter DATA_RATE_OQ = "DDR";
     parameter DATA_RATE_TQ = "DDR";
@@ -2653,6 +2728,7 @@ module OSERDESE2 (...);
     input TCE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "RDCLK,WRCLK" *)
 module OUT_FIFO (...);
     parameter integer ALMOST_EMPTY_VALUE = 1;
     parameter integer ALMOST_FULL_VALUE = 1;
@@ -3655,6 +3731,7 @@ module PULLUP (...);
     output O;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM128X1S (...);
     parameter [127:0] INIT = 128'h00000000000000000000000000000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -3662,6 +3739,7 @@ module RAM128X1S (...);
     input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, D, WCLK, WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM256X1S (...);
     parameter [255:0] INIT = 256'h0;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -3672,6 +3750,7 @@ module RAM256X1S (...);
     input WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM32M (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT_A = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [63:0] INIT_B = 64'h0000000000000000;
@@ -3694,6 +3773,7 @@ module RAM32M (...);
     input WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM32X1S (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -3701,6 +3781,7 @@ module RAM32X1S (...);
     input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, D, WCLK, WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM32X1S_1 (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -3708,6 +3789,7 @@ module RAM32X1S_1 (...);
     input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, D, WCLK, WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM32X2S (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT_00 = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [31:0] INIT_01 = 32'h00000000;
@@ -3716,6 +3798,7 @@ module RAM32X2S (...);
     input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, D0, D1, WCLK, WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM64M (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT_A = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [63:0] INIT_B = 64'h0000000000000000;
@@ -3738,6 +3821,7 @@ module RAM64M (...);
     input WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM64X1S (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -3745,6 +3829,7 @@ module RAM64X1S (...);
     input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, D, WCLK, WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM64X1S_1 (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -3752,6 +3837,7 @@ module RAM64X1S_1 (...);
     input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, D, WCLK, WE;
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM64X2S (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT_00 = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [63:0] INIT_01 = 64'h0000000000000000;
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
index d143c6823..a7362d26b 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		log("        generate an output netlist (and BLIF file) suitable for VPR\n");
 		log("        (this feature is experimental and incomplete)\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -ise\n");
+		log("        generate an output netlist suitable for ISE\n");
+		log("\n");
 		log("    -nobram\n");
 		log("        disable inference of block rams\n");
 		log("\n");
@@ -78,6 +81,12 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		log("    -nowidelut\n");
 		log("        do not use MUXF[78] resources to implement LUTs larger than LUT6s\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -iopads\n");
+		log("        perform I/O buffer insertion (selected automatically by -ise)\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -noiopads\n");
+		log("        disable I/O buffer insertion (only useful with -ise)\n");
+		log("\n");
 		log("    -widemux <int>\n");
 		log("        enable inference of hard multiplexer resources (MUXF[78]) for muxes at or\n");
 		log("        above this number of inputs (minimum value 2, recommended value >= 5).\n");
@@ -104,7 +113,7 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 	}
 
 	std::string top_opt, edif_file, blif_file, family;
-	bool flatten, retime, vpr, nobram, nodram, nosrl, nocarry, nowidelut, abc9;
+	bool flatten, retime, vpr, ise, iopads, noiopads, nobram, nodram, nosrl, nocarry, nowidelut, abc9;
 	int widemux;
 
 	void clear_flags() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -116,6 +125,9 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		flatten = false;
 		retime = false;
 		vpr = false;
+		ise = false;
+		iopads = false;
+		noiopads = false;
 		nocarry = false;
 		nobram = false;
 		nodram = false;
@@ -178,6 +190,18 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 				vpr = true;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-ise") {
+				ise = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-iopads") {
+				iopads = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-noiopads") {
+				noiopads = true;
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (args[argidx] == "-nocarry") {
 				nocarry = true;
 				continue;
@@ -410,6 +434,17 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 			run("clean");
 		}
 
+		if (check_label("finalize")) {
+			bool do_iopads = iopads || (ise && !noiopads);
+			if (help_mode || do_iopads)
+				run("clkbufmap -buf BUFG O:I -inpad IBUFG O:I", "(-inpad passed if '-iopads' or '-ise' and not '-noiopads')");
+			else
+				run("clkbufmap -buf BUFG O:I");
+
+			if (do_iopads)
+				run("iopadmap -bits -outpad OBUF I:O -inpad IBUF O:I A:top", "(only if '-iopads' or '-ise' and not '-noiopads')");
+		}
+
 		if (check_label("check")) {
 			run("hierarchy -check");
 			run("stat -tech xilinx");
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v b/techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v
index eb1a29579..1287e2c53 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLKAWRCLK,CLKBRDCLK" *)
 module RAMB8BWER (
 	input CLKAWRCLK,
 	input CLKBRDCLK,
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ module RAMB8BWER (
 	parameter SIM_COLLISION_CHECK = "ALL";
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLKA,CLKB" *)
 module RAMB16BWER (
 	input CLKA,
 	input CLKB,
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v b/techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v
index a682ba4a7..046a8fa26 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLKARDCLK,CLKBWRCLK" *)
 module RAMB18E1 (
 	input CLKARDCLK,
 	input CLKBWRCLK,
@@ -122,6 +123,7 @@ module RAMB18E1 (
 	parameter SIM_DEVICE = "VIRTEX6";
 endmodule
 
+(* clkbuf_sink = "CLKARDCLK,CLKBWRCLK" *)
 module RAMB36E1 (
 	input CLKARDCLK,
 	input CLKBWRCLK,

From c6d5b97b98e6edc395ee14ad60430f7ebc264f01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Marcin=20Ko=C5=9Bcielnicki?= <koriakin@0x04.net>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 00:35:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 055/197] review fixes

---
 CHANGELOG                       |  3 +++
 passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc     | 18 +++----------
 passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc      | 15 +----------
 techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 4 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 638c36121..56e5c9017 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Added automatic gzip compression (based on filename extension) for backends
     - Improve attribute and parameter encoding in JSON to avoid ambiguities between
       bit vectors and strings containing [01xz]*
+    - Added "clkbufmap" pass
+    - Added "synth_xilinx -ise" for Spartan 6 (experimental)
+    - "synth_xilinx" now automatically inserts clock buffers
 
 Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
 --------------------------
diff --git a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
index 9ecc83071..a2d10c48b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
  *
  *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *  Copyright (C) 2019  Marcin Kościelnicki <mwk@0x04.net>
  *
  *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
  *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
@@ -32,19 +33,6 @@ void split_portname_pair(std::string &port1, std::string &port2)
 	}
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> split(std::string text, const char *delim)
-{
-	std::vector<std::string> list;
-	char *p = strdup(text.c_str());
-	char *t = strtok(p, delim);
-	while (t != NULL) {
-		list.push_back(t);
-		t = strtok(NULL, delim);
-	}
-	free(p);
-	return list;
-}
-
 struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 	ClkbufmapPass() : Pass("clkbufmap", "insert global buffers on clock networks") { }
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -127,7 +115,7 @@ struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 				auto it = module->attributes.find("\\clkbuf_driver");
 				if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
 					auto value = it->second.decode_string();
-					for (auto name : split(value, ",")) {
+					for (auto name : split_tokens(value, ",")) {
 						auto wire = module->wire(RTLIL::escape_id(name));
 						if (!wire)
 							log_error("Module %s does not have port %s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(name));
@@ -138,7 +126,7 @@ struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 				it = module->attributes.find("\\clkbuf_sink");
 				if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
 					auto value = it->second.decode_string();
-					for (auto name : split(value, ",")) {
+					for (auto name : split_tokens(value, ",")) {
 						auto wire = module->wire(RTLIL::escape_id(name));
 						if (!wire)
 							log_error("Module %s does not have port %s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(name));
diff --git a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
index e3d68ab0c..0fcb6b2ec 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
@@ -32,19 +32,6 @@ void split_portname_pair(std::string &port1, std::string &port2)
 	}
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> split(std::string text, const char *delim)
-{
-	std::vector<std::string> list;
-	char *p = strdup(text.c_str());
-	char *t = strtok(p, delim);
-	while (t != NULL) {
-		list.push_back(t);
-		t = strtok(NULL, delim);
-	}
-	free(p);
-	return list;
-}
-
 struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 	IopadmapPass() : Pass("iopadmap", "technology mapping of i/o pads (or buffers)") { }
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -190,7 +177,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 			auto it = module->attributes.find("\\iopad_external_pin");
 			if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
 				auto value = it->second.decode_string();
-				for (auto name : split(value, ",")) {
+				for (auto name : split_tokens(value, ",")) {
 					ignore.insert(make_pair(module->name, RTLIL::escape_id(name)));
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
index a7362d26b..e9e8dbfea 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
@@ -81,12 +81,15 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		log("    -nowidelut\n");
 		log("        do not use MUXF[78] resources to implement LUTs larger than LUT6s\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("    -iopads\n");
-		log("        perform I/O buffer insertion (selected automatically by -ise)\n");
+		log("    -iopad\n");
+		log("        enable I/O buffer insertion (selected automatically by -ise)\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("    -noiopads\n");
+		log("    -noiopad\n");
 		log("        disable I/O buffer insertion (only useful with -ise)\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -noclkbuf\n");
+		log("        disable automatic clock buffer insertion\n");
+		log("\n");
 		log("    -widemux <int>\n");
 		log("        enable inference of hard multiplexer resources (MUXF[78]) for muxes at or\n");
 		log("        above this number of inputs (minimum value 2, recommended value >= 5).\n");
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 	}
 
 	std::string top_opt, edif_file, blif_file, family;
-	bool flatten, retime, vpr, ise, iopads, noiopads, nobram, nodram, nosrl, nocarry, nowidelut, abc9;
+	bool flatten, retime, vpr, ise, iopad, noiopad, noclkbuf, nobram, nodram, nosrl, nocarry, nowidelut, abc9;
 	int widemux;
 
 	void clear_flags() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -126,8 +129,9 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		retime = false;
 		vpr = false;
 		ise = false;
-		iopads = false;
-		noiopads = false;
+		iopad = false;
+		noiopad = false;
+		noclkbuf = false;
 		nocarry = false;
 		nobram = false;
 		nodram = false;
@@ -194,12 +198,16 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 				ise = true;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (args[argidx] == "-iopads") {
-				iopads = true;
+			if (args[argidx] == "-iopad") {
+				iopad = true;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (args[argidx] == "-noiopads") {
-				noiopads = true;
+			if (args[argidx] == "-noiopad") {
+				noiopad = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-noclkbuf") {
+				noclkbuf = true;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (args[argidx] == "-nocarry") {
@@ -435,14 +443,15 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		}
 
 		if (check_label("finalize")) {
-			bool do_iopads = iopads || (ise && !noiopads);
-			if (help_mode || do_iopads)
-				run("clkbufmap -buf BUFG O:I -inpad IBUFG O:I", "(-inpad passed if '-iopads' or '-ise' and not '-noiopads')");
-			else
-				run("clkbufmap -buf BUFG O:I");
-
-			if (do_iopads)
-				run("iopadmap -bits -outpad OBUF I:O -inpad IBUF O:I A:top", "(only if '-iopads' or '-ise' and not '-noiopads')");
+			bool do_iopad = iopad || (ise && !noiopad);
+			if (help_mode || !noclkbuf) {
+				if (help_mode || do_iopad)
+					run("clkbufmap -buf BUFG O:I -inpad IBUFG O:I", "(skip if '-noclkbuf', '-inpad' passed if '-iopad' or '-ise' and not '-noiopad')");
+				else
+					run("clkbufmap -buf BUFG O:I");
+			}
+			if (do_iopad)
+				run("iopadmap -bits -outpad OBUF I:O -inpad IBUF O:I A:top", "(only if '-iopad' or '-ise' and not '-noiopad')");
 		}
 
 		if (check_label("check")) {

From 0c5db07cd6cc3c19b926da21a46599f97592b20f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2019 23:25:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 056/197] Fix various NDEBUG compiler warnings, closes #1255

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 backends/aiger/xaiger.cc      |  2 +-
 frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc | 20 +++++++++++---------
 frontends/verific/verific.cc  |  2 ++
 kernel/log.h                  |  2 +-
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc        |  3 ++-
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc        |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backends/aiger/xaiger.cc b/backends/aiger/xaiger.cc
index f49ecbeda..5e12e9a34 100644
--- a/backends/aiger/xaiger.cc
+++ b/backends/aiger/xaiger.cc
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ struct XAigerWriter
 #if 0
 			toposort.analyze_loops = true;
 #endif
-			bool no_loops = toposort.sort();
+			bool no_loops YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = toposort.sort();
 #if 0
 			unsigned i = 0;
 			for (auto &it : toposort.loops) {
diff --git a/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc b/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
index bd0596cc0..534cc0daa 100644
--- a/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
+++ b/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ struct ConstEvalAig
 				continue;
 			for (auto &it2 : it.second->connections())
 				if (yosys_celltypes.cell_output(it.second->type, it2.first)) {
-					auto r = sig2driver.insert(std::make_pair(it2.second, it.second));
+					auto r YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = sig2driver.insert(std::make_pair(it2.second, it.second));
 					log_assert(r.second);
 				}
 		}
@@ -389,9 +389,9 @@ void AigerReader::parse_xaiger(const dict<int,IdString> &box_lookup)
 			f.ignore(1);
 			// XAIGER extensions
 			if (c == 'm') {
-				uint32_t dataSize = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
+				uint32_t dataSize YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				uint32_t lutNum = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
-				uint32_t lutSize = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
+				uint32_t lutSize YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_debug("m: dataSize=%u lutNum=%u lutSize=%u\n", dataSize, lutNum, lutSize);
 				ConstEvalAig ce(module);
 				for (unsigned i = 0; i < lutNum; ++i) {
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ void AigerReader::parse_xaiger(const dict<int,IdString> &box_lookup)
 						int gray = j ^ (j >> 1);
 						ce.set_incremental(input_sig, RTLIL::Const{gray, static_cast<int>(cutLeavesM)});
 						RTLIL::SigBit o(output_sig);
-						bool success = ce.eval(o);
+						bool success YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = ce.eval(o);
 						log_assert(success);
 						log_assert(o.wire == nullptr);
 						lut_mask[gray] = o.data;
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ void AigerReader::parse_xaiger(const dict<int,IdString> &box_lookup)
 				}
 			}
 			else if (c == 'r') {
-				uint32_t dataSize = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
+				uint32_t dataSize YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				flopNum = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_assert(dataSize == (flopNum+1) * sizeof(uint32_t));
 				f.ignore(flopNum * sizeof(uint32_t));
@@ -440,15 +440,15 @@ void AigerReader::parse_xaiger(const dict<int,IdString> &box_lookup)
 			}
 			else if (c == 'h') {
 				f.ignore(sizeof(uint32_t));
-				uint32_t version = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
+				uint32_t version YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_assert(version == 1);
-				uint32_t ciNum = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
+				uint32_t ciNum YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_debug("ciNum = %u\n", ciNum);
-				uint32_t coNum = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
+				uint32_t coNum YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_debug("coNum = %u\n", coNum);
 				piNum = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_debug("piNum = %u\n", piNum);
-				uint32_t poNum = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
+				uint32_t poNum YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_debug("poNum = %u\n", poNum);
 				uint32_t boxNum = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_debug("boxNum = %u\n", poNum);
@@ -901,8 +901,10 @@ void AigerReader::post_process()
 				RTLIL::Cell* cell = module->cell(stringf("$__box%d__", variable));
 				if (cell) { // ABC could have optimised this box away
 					module->rename(cell, escaped_s);
+				#ifndef NDEBUG
 					RTLIL::Module* box_module = design->module(cell->type);
 					log_assert(box_module);
+				#endif
 
 					for (const auto &i : cell->connections()) {
 						RTLIL::IdString port_name = i.first;
diff --git a/frontends/verific/verific.cc b/frontends/verific/verific.cc
index 17c4a1e5b..64152c9cb 100644
--- a/frontends/verific/verific.cc
+++ b/frontends/verific/verific.cc
@@ -1789,8 +1789,10 @@ struct VerificExtNets
 				new_net = new Net(name.c_str());
 				nl->Add(new_net);
 
+			#ifndef NDEBUG
 				Net *n = route_up(new_net, port->IsOutput(), ca_nl, ca_net);
 				log_assert(n == ca_net);
+			#endif
 			}
 
 			if (verific_verbose)
diff --git a/kernel/log.h b/kernel/log.h
index 3e1facae8..5f53f533a 100644
--- a/kernel/log.h
+++ b/kernel/log.h
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ YS_NORETURN void log_cmd_error(const char *format, ...) YS_ATTRIBUTE(format(prin
 static inline bool ys_debug(int n = 0) { if (log_force_debug) return true; log_debug_suppressed += n; return false; }
 #  define log_debug(...) do { if (ys_debug(1)) log(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
 #else
-static inline bool ys_debug(int n = 0) { return false; }
+static inline bool ys_debug(int = 0) { return false; }
 #  define log_debug(_fmt, ...) do { } while (0)
 #endif
 
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index b2dc9a448..1512cea1b 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ void replace_undriven(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module)
 	}
 }
 
-void replace_cell(SigMap &assign_map, RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, std::string info, std::string out_port, RTLIL::SigSpec out_val)
+void replace_cell(SigMap &assign_map, RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell,
+		const std::string &info YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused), IdString out_port, RTLIL::SigSpec out_val)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec Y = cell->getPort(out_port);
 	out_val.extend_u0(Y.size(), false);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index 7418ed4a3..da376d09e 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 				for (auto driver_cell : bit_drivers.at(it.first))
 				for (auto user_cell : it.second)
 					toposort.edge(driver_cell, user_cell);
-		bool no_loops = toposort.sort();
+		bool no_loops YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = toposort.sort();
 		log_assert(no_loops);
 
 		for (auto ii = toposort.sorted.rbegin(); ii != toposort.sorted.rend(); ii++) {

From 49765ec19ea63bff5f04e28e5729d5852a2f8287 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Marcin=20Ko=C5=9Bcielnicki?= <koriakin@0x04.net>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 18:05:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 057/197] minor review fixes

---
 CHANGELOG                       | 6 ++++--
 techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 56e5c9017..bd4cd1b1b 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Improve attribute and parameter encoding in JSON to avoid ambiguities between
       bit vectors and strings containing [01xz]*
     - Added "clkbufmap" pass
-    - Added "synth_xilinx -ise" for Spartan 6 (experimental)
-    - "synth_xilinx" now automatically inserts clock buffers
+    - Added "synth_xilinx -family xc6s" for Spartan 6 support (experimental)
+    - Added "synth_xilinx -ise" (experimental)
+    - Added "synth_xilinx -iopad"
+    - "synth_xilinx" now automatically inserts clock buffers (add -noclkbuf to disable)
 
 Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
 --------------------------
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
index e9e8dbfea..4069094a6 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		log("        (this feature is experimental and incomplete)\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -ise\n");
-		log("        generate an output netlist suitable for ISE\n");
+		log("        generate an output netlist suitable for ISE (enables -iopad)\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -nobram\n");
 		log("        disable inference of block rams\n");

From 3c75a72feb1cf83fa8fc138aa69155446b6b74f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Marcin=20Ko=C5=9Bcielnicki?= <koriakin@0x04.net>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 19:36:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 058/197] move attributes to wires

---
 passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc     |  24 +--
 passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc      |  13 +-
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v     |  75 +++----
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.py   | 257 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh   | 155 ---------------
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v    | 339 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v |   6 +-
 techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v  |   6 +-
 8 files changed, 555 insertions(+), 320 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.py
 delete mode 100644 techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh

diff --git a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
index a2d10c48b..6fac1b437 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
@@ -112,27 +112,13 @@ struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 		for (auto module : modules_sorted)
 		{
 			if (module->get_blackbox_attribute()) {
-				auto it = module->attributes.find("\\clkbuf_driver");
-				if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
-					auto value = it->second.decode_string();
-					for (auto name : split_tokens(value, ",")) {
-						auto wire = module->wire(RTLIL::escape_id(name));
-						if (!wire)
-							log_error("Module %s does not have port %s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(name));
+				for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
+					if (wire->get_bool_attribute("\\clkbuf_driver"))
 						for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire); i++)
-							buf_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(name), i)));
-					}
-				}
-				it = module->attributes.find("\\clkbuf_sink");
-				if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
-					auto value = it->second.decode_string();
-					for (auto name : split_tokens(value, ",")) {
-						auto wire = module->wire(RTLIL::escape_id(name));
-						if (!wire)
-							log_error("Module %s does not have port %s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(name));
+							buf_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(wire->name, i)));
+					if (wire->get_bool_attribute("\\clkbuf_sink"))
 						for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire); i++)
-							sink_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(name), i)));
-					}
+							sink_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(wire->name, i)));
 				}
 				continue;
 			}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
index 0fcb6b2ec..5fe965600 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
@@ -173,15 +173,10 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 			ignore.insert(make_pair(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_celltype), RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname4)));
 
 		for (auto module : design->modules())
-		{
-			auto it = module->attributes.find("\\iopad_external_pin");
-			if (it != module->attributes.end()) {
-				auto value = it->second.decode_string();
-				for (auto name : split_tokens(value, ",")) {
-					ignore.insert(make_pair(module->name, RTLIL::escape_id(name)));
-				}
-			}
-		}
+			if (module->get_blackbox_attribute())
+				for (auto wire : module->wires())
+					if (wire->get_bool_attribute("\\iopad_external_pin"))
+						ignore.insert(make_pair(module->name, wire->name));
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
index d5815ca77..27511a05f 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
@@ -29,26 +29,35 @@ module GND(output G);
   assign G = 0;
 endmodule
 
-module IBUF(output O, input I);
+module IBUF(
+    output O,
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input I);
   parameter IOSTANDARD = "default";
   parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = 0;
   assign O = I;
 endmodule
 
-module OBUF(output O, input I);
+module OBUF(
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    output O,
+    input I);
   parameter IOSTANDARD = "default";
   parameter DRIVE = 12;
   parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
   assign O = I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
-module BUFG(output O, input I);
+module BUFG(
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
+    output O,
+    input I);
+
   assign O = I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGCTRL(
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O,
     input I0, input I1,
     input S0, input S1,
@@ -74,8 +83,11 @@ assign O = S0_true ? I0_internal : (S1_true ? I1_internal : INIT_OUT);
 
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
-module BUFHCE(output O, input I, input CE);
+module BUFHCE(
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
+    output O,
+    input I,
+    input CE);
 
 parameter [0:0] INIT_OUT = 1'b0;
 parameter CE_TYPE = "SYNC";
@@ -216,8 +228,7 @@ endmodule
 
 `endif
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
-module FDRE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, R);
+module FDRE (output reg Q, (* clkbuf_sink *) input C, input CE, D, R);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b0;
   parameter [0:0] IS_C_INVERTED = 1'b0;
   parameter [0:0] IS_D_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -229,8 +240,7 @@ module FDRE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, R);
   endcase endgenerate
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
-module FDSE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, S);
+module FDSE (output reg Q, (* clkbuf_sink *) input C, input CE, D, S);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b1;
   parameter [0:0] IS_C_INVERTED = 1'b0;
   parameter [0:0] IS_D_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -242,8 +252,7 @@ module FDSE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, S);
   endcase endgenerate
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
-module FDCE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, CLR);
+module FDCE (output reg Q, (* clkbuf_sink *) input C, input CE, D, CLR);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b0;
   parameter [0:0] IS_C_INVERTED = 1'b0;
   parameter [0:0] IS_D_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -257,8 +266,7 @@ module FDCE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, CLR);
   endcase endgenerate
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
-module FDPE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, PRE);
+module FDPE (output reg Q, (* clkbuf_sink *) input C, input CE, D, PRE);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b1;
   parameter [0:0] IS_C_INVERTED = 1'b0;
   parameter [0:0] IS_D_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -272,39 +280,36 @@ module FDPE (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, PRE);
   endcase endgenerate
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
-module FDRE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, R);
+module FDRE_1 (output reg Q, (* clkbuf_sink *) input C, input CE, D, R);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b0;
   initial Q <= INIT;
   always @(negedge C) if (R) Q <= 1'b0; else if(CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
-module FDSE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, S);
+module FDSE_1 (output reg Q, (* clkbuf_sink *) input C, input CE, D, S);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b1;
   initial Q <= INIT;
   always @(negedge C) if (S) Q <= 1'b1; else if(CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
-module FDCE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, CLR);
+module FDCE_1 (output reg Q, (* clkbuf_sink *) input C, input CE, D, CLR);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b0;
   initial Q <= INIT;
   always @(negedge C, posedge CLR) if (CLR) Q <= 1'b0; else if (CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
-module FDPE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, PRE);
+module FDPE_1 (output reg Q, (* clkbuf_sink *) input C, input CE, D, PRE);
   parameter [0:0] INIT = 1'b1;
   initial Q <= INIT;
   always @(negedge C, posedge PRE) if (PRE) Q <= 1'b1; else if (CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 (* abc_box_id = 5, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
 module RAM32X1D (
   output DPO, SPO,
-  input  D, WCLK, WE,
+  (* clkbuf_sink *)
+  input  WCLK,
+  input  D, WE,
   input  A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
   input  DPRA0, DPRA1, DPRA2, DPRA3, DPRA4
 );
@@ -319,11 +324,12 @@ module RAM32X1D (
   always @(posedge clk) if (WE) mem[a] <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 (* abc_box_id = 6, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
 module RAM64X1D (
   output DPO, SPO,
-  input  D, WCLK, WE,
+  (* clkbuf_sink *)
+  input  WCLK,
+  input  D, WE,
   input  A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
   input  DPRA0, DPRA1, DPRA2, DPRA3, DPRA4, DPRA5
 );
@@ -338,11 +344,12 @@ module RAM64X1D (
   always @(posedge clk) if (WE) mem[a] <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 (* abc_box_id = 7, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
 module RAM128X1D (
   output       DPO, SPO,
-  input        D, WCLK, WE,
+  input        D, WE,
+  (* clkbuf_sink *)
+  input        WCLK,
   input  [6:0] A, DPRA
 );
   parameter INIT = 128'h0;
@@ -354,10 +361,11 @@ module RAM128X1D (
   always @(posedge clk) if (WE) mem[A] <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK" *)
 module SRL16E (
   output Q,
-  input A0, A1, A2, A3, CE, CLK, D
+  (* clkbuf_sink *)
+  input CLK,
+  input A0, A1, A2, A3, CE, D
 );
   parameter [15:0] INIT = 16'h0000;
   parameter [0:0] IS_CLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -373,12 +381,13 @@ module SRL16E (
   endgenerate
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK" *)
 module SRLC32E (
   output Q,
   output Q31,
   input [4:0] A,
-  input CE, CLK, D
+  (* clkbuf_sink *)
+  input CLK,
+  input CE, D
 );
   parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
   parameter [0:0] IS_CLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.py b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd4e300ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.py
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from io import StringIO
+from enum import Enum, auto
+import os.path
+import sys
+
+
+class Cell:
+    def __init__(self, name, keep=False, port_attrs={}):
+        self.name = name
+        self.keep = keep
+        self.port_attrs = port_attrs
+
+
+CELLS = [
+    # Design elements types listed in Xilinx UG953
+    Cell('BSCANE2', keep=True),
+    # Cell('BUFG', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFGCE', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFGCE_1', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    #Cell('BUFGCTRL', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFGMUX', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFGMUX_1', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFGMUX_CTRL', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFH', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    #Cell('BUFHCE', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFIO', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFMR', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFMRCE', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('BUFR', port_attrs={'O': ['clkbuf_driver']}),
+    Cell('CAPTUREE2', keep=True),
+    # Cell('CARRY4'),
+    Cell('CFGLUT5', port_attrs={'CLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('DCIRESET', keep=True),
+    Cell('DNA_PORT'),
+    Cell('DSP48E1', port_attrs={'CLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('EFUSE_USR'),
+    # Cell('FDCE'),
+    # Cell('FDPE'),
+    # Cell('FDRE'),
+    # Cell('FDSE'),
+    Cell('FIFO18E1', port_attrs={'RDCLK': ['clkbuf_sink'], 'WRCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('FIFO36E1', port_attrs={'RDCLK': ['clkbuf_sink'], 'WRCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('FRAME_ECCE2'),
+    Cell('GTHE2_CHANNEL'),
+    Cell('GTHE2_COMMON'),
+    Cell('GTPE2_CHANNEL'),
+    Cell('GTPE2_COMMON'),
+    Cell('GTXE2_CHANNEL'),
+    Cell('GTXE2_COMMON'),
+    # Cell('IBUF', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUF_IBUFDISABLE', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUF_INTERMDISABLE', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFDS', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_IBUFDISABLE', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFDS_GTE2', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFDS_IBUFDISABLE', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFDS_INTERMDISABLE', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFG', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFGDS', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IBUFGDS_DIFF_OUT', port_attrs={'I': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('ICAPE2', keep=True),
+    Cell('IDDR', port_attrs={'C': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('IDDR_2CLK', port_attrs={'C': ['clkbuf_sink'], 'CB': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('IDELAYCTRL', keep=True, port_attrs={'REFCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('IDELAYE2', port_attrs={'C': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('IN_FIFO', port_attrs={'RDCLK': ['clkbuf_sink'], 'WRCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('IOBUF', port_attrs={'IO': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IOBUF_DCIEN', port_attrs={'IO': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE', port_attrs={'IO': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IOBUFDS', port_attrs={'IO': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IOBUFDS_DCIEN', port_attrs={'IO': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IOB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT', port_attrs={'IO': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IOB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN', port_attrs={'IO': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IOB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE', port_attrs={'IO': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'IOB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('ISERDESE2', port_attrs={
+        'CLK': ['clkbuf_sink'],
+        'CLKB': ['clkbuf_sink'],
+        'OCLK': ['clkbuf_sink'],
+        'OCLKB': ['clkbuf_sink'],
+        'CLKDIV': ['clkbuf_sink'],
+        'CLKDIVP': ['clkbuf_sink'],
+    }),
+    Cell('KEEPER'),
+    Cell('LDCE'),
+    Cell('LDPE'),
+    # Cell('LUT1'),
+    # Cell('LUT2'),
+    # Cell('LUT3'),
+    # Cell('LUT4'),
+    # Cell('LUT5'),
+    # Cell('LUT6'),
+    #Cell('LUT6_2'),
+    Cell('MMCME2_ADV'),
+    Cell('MMCME2_BASE'),
+    # Cell('MUXF7'),
+    # Cell('MUXF8'),
+    # Cell('OBUF', port_attrs={'O': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('OBUFDS', port_attrs={'O': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'OB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('OBUFT', port_attrs={'O': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('OBUFTDS', port_attrs={'O': ['iopad_external_pin'], 'OB': ['iopad_external_pin']}),
+    Cell('ODDR', port_attrs={'C': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('ODELAYE2', port_attrs={'C': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('OSERDESE2', port_attrs={'CLK': ['clkbuf_sink'], 'CLKDIV': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('OUT_FIFO', port_attrs={'RDCLK': ['clkbuf_sink'], 'WRCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('PHASER_IN'),
+    Cell('PHASER_IN_PHY'),
+    Cell('PHASER_OUT'),
+    Cell('PHASER_OUT_PHY'),
+    Cell('PHASER_REF'),
+    Cell('PHY_CONTROL'),
+    Cell('PLLE2_ADV'),
+    Cell('PLLE2_BASE'),
+    Cell('PS7', keep=True),
+    Cell('PULLDOWN'),
+    Cell('PULLUP'),
+    #Cell('RAM128X1D', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM128X1S', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM256X1S', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM32M', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    #Cell('RAM32X1D', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM32X1S', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM32X1S_1', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM32X2S', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM64M', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    #Cell('RAM64X1D', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM64X1S', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM64X1S_1', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('RAM64X2S', port_attrs={'WCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    # Cell('RAMB18E1', port_attrs={'CLKARDCLK': ['clkbuf_sink'], 'CLKBWRCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    # Cell('RAMB36E1', port_attrs={'CLKARDCLK': ['clkbuf_sink'], 'CLKBWRCLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('ROM128X1'),
+    Cell('ROM256X1'),
+    Cell('ROM32X1'),
+    Cell('ROM64X1'),
+    #Cell('SRL16E', port_attrs={'CLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    #Cell('SRLC32E', port_attrs={'CLK': ['clkbuf_sink']}),
+    Cell('STARTUPE2', keep=True),
+    Cell('USR_ACCESSE2'),
+    Cell('XADC'),
+]
+
+class State(Enum):
+    OUTSIDE = auto()
+    IN_MODULE = auto()
+    IN_OTHER_MODULE = auto()
+    IN_FUNCTION = auto()
+    IN_TASK = auto()
+
+def xtract_cell_decl(cell, dirs, outf):
+    for dir in dirs:
+        fname = os.path.join(dir, cell.name + '.v')
+        try:
+            with open(fname) as f:
+                state = State.OUTSIDE
+                found = False
+                # Probably the most horrible Verilog "parser" ever written.
+                for l in f:
+                    l = l.partition('//')[0]
+                    l = l.strip()
+                    if l == 'module {}'.format(cell.name) or l.startswith('module {} '.format(cell.name)):
+                        if found:
+                            print('Multiple modules in {}.'.format(fname))
+                            sys.exit(1)
+                        elif state != State.OUTSIDE:
+                            print('Nested modules in {}.'.format(fname))
+                            sys.exit(1)
+                        found = True
+                        state = State.IN_MODULE
+                        if cell.keep:
+                            outf.write('(* keep *)\n')
+                        outf.write('module {} (...);\n'.format(cell.name))
+                    elif l.startswith('module '):
+                        if state != State.OUTSIDE:
+                            print('Nested modules in {}.'.format(fname))
+                            sys.exit(1)
+                        state = State.IN_OTHER_MODULE
+                    elif l.startswith('task '):
+                        if state == State.IN_MODULE:
+                            state = State.IN_TASK
+                    elif l.startswith('function '):
+                        if state == State.IN_MODULE:
+                            state = State.IN_FUNCTION
+                    elif l == 'endtask':
+                        if state == State.IN_TASK:
+                            state = State.IN_MODULE
+                    elif l == 'endfunction':
+                        if state == State.IN_FUNCTION:
+                            state = State.IN_MODULE
+                    elif l == 'endmodule':
+                        if state == State.IN_MODULE:
+                            outf.write(l + '\n')
+                            outf.write('\n')
+                        elif state != State.IN_OTHER_MODULE:
+                            print('endmodule in weird place in {}.'.format(cell.name, fname))
+                            sys.exit(1)
+                        state = State.OUTSIDE
+                    elif l.startswith(('input ', 'output ', 'inout ')) and state == State.IN_MODULE:
+                        if l.endswith((';', ',')):
+                            l = l[:-1]
+                        if ';' in l:
+                            print('Weird port line in {} [{}].'.format(fname, l))
+                            sys.exit(1)
+                        kind, _, ports = l.partition(' ')
+                        for port in ports.split(','):
+                            port = port.strip()
+                            for attr in cell.port_attrs.get(port, []):
+                                outf.write('    (* {} *)\n'.format(attr))
+                            outf.write('    {} {};\n'.format(kind, port))
+                    elif l.startswith('parameter ') and state == State.IN_MODULE:
+                        if 'UNPLACED' in l:
+                            continue
+                        if l.endswith((';', ',')):
+                            l = l[:-1]
+                        while '  ' in l:
+                            l = l.replace('  ', ' ')
+                        if ';' in l:
+                            print('Weird parameter line in {} [{}].'.format(fname, l))
+                            sys.exit(1)
+                        outf.write('    {};\n'.format(l))
+                if state != State.OUTSIDE:
+                    print('endmodule not found in {}.'.format(fname))
+                    sys.exit(1)
+                if not found:
+                    print('Cannot find module {} in {}.'.format(cell.name, fname))
+                    sys.exit(1)
+            return
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            continue
+    print('Cannot find {}.'.format(cell.name))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    parser = ArgumentParser(description='Extract Xilinx blackbox cell definitions from Vivado.')
+    parser.add_argument('vivado_dir', nargs='?', default='/opt/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    dirs = [
+        os.path.join(args.vivado_dir, 'data/verilog/src/xeclib'),
+        os.path.join(args.vivado_dir, 'data/verilog/src/retarget'),
+    ]
+    for dir in dirs:
+        if not os.path.isdir(dir):
+            print('{} is not a directory'.format(dir))
+
+    out = StringIO()
+    for cell in CELLS:
+        xtract_cell_decl(cell, dirs, out)
+
+    with open('cells_xtra.v', 'w') as f:
+        f.write('// Created by cells_xtra.py from Xilinx models\n')
+        f.write('\n')
+        f.write(out.getvalue())
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh
deleted file mode 100644
index 3291e46a8..000000000
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -e
-if [ -z "$1" ]
-then
-	libdir="/opt/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1/data/verilog/src"
-else
-	libdir=$1
-fi
-
-function xtract_cell_decl()
-{
-	for dir in $libdir/xeclib $libdir/retarget; do
-		[ -f $dir/$1.v ] || continue
-		[ -z "$2" ] || echo $2
-		egrep '^\s*((end)?module|parameter|input|inout|output|(end)?function|(end)?task)' $dir/$1.v |
-			sed -re '/UNPLACED/ d; /^\s*function/,/endfunction/ d; /^\s*task/,/endtask/ d;
-			         s,//.*,,; s/#?\(.*/(...);/; s/^(input|output|parameter)/ \1/;
-			         s/\s+$//; s/,$/;/; /input|output|parameter/ s/[^;]$/&;/; s/\s+/ /g;
-				 s/^ ((end)?module)/\1/; s/^ /    /; /module.*_bb/,/endmodule/ d;'
-		echo; return
-	done
-	echo "Can't find $1."
-	exit 1
-}
-
-{
-	echo "// Created by cells_xtra.sh from Xilinx models"
-	echo
-
-	# Design elements types listed in Xilinx UG953
-	xtract_cell_decl BSCANE2 "(* keep *)"
-	# xtract_cell_decl BUFG "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGCE "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGCE_1 "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	#xtract_cell_decl BUFGCTRL "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX_1 "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFGMUX_CTRL "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFH "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	#xtract_cell_decl BUFHCE "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFIO "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFMR "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFMRCE "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl BUFR "(* clkbuf_driver = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl CAPTUREE2 "(* keep *)"
-	# xtract_cell_decl CARRY4
-	xtract_cell_decl CFGLUT5 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl DCIRESET "(* keep *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl DNA_PORT
-	xtract_cell_decl DSP48E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl EFUSE_USR
-	# xtract_cell_decl FDCE
-	# xtract_cell_decl FDPE
-	# xtract_cell_decl FDRE
-	# xtract_cell_decl FDSE
-	xtract_cell_decl FIFO18E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"RDCLK,WRCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl FIFO36E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"RDCLK,WRCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl FRAME_ECCE2
-	xtract_cell_decl GTHE2_CHANNEL
-	xtract_cell_decl GTHE2_COMMON
-	xtract_cell_decl GTPE2_CHANNEL
-	xtract_cell_decl GTPE2_COMMON
-	xtract_cell_decl GTXE2_CHANNEL
-	xtract_cell_decl GTXE2_COMMON
-	# xtract_cell_decl IBUF "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUF_IBUFDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUF_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_IBUFDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_GTE2 "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_IBUFDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFDS_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFG "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFGDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IBUFGDS_DIFF_OUT "(* iopad_external_pin = \"I,IB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl ICAPE2 "(* keep *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IDDR "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IDDR_2CLK "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C,CB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IDELAYCTRL "(* keep *) (* clkbuf_sink = \"REFCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IDELAYE2 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IN_FIFO "(* clkbuf_sink = \"RDCLK,WRCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF_DCIEN "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DCIEN "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO,IOB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO,IOB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO,IOB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE "(* iopad_external_pin = \"IO,IOB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl ISERDESE2 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK,CLKB,CLKDIV,CLKDIVP,OCLK,OCLKB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl KEEPER
-	xtract_cell_decl LDCE
-	xtract_cell_decl LDPE
-	# xtract_cell_decl LUT1
-	# xtract_cell_decl LUT2
-	# xtract_cell_decl LUT3
-	# xtract_cell_decl LUT4
-	# xtract_cell_decl LUT5
-	# xtract_cell_decl LUT6
-	#xtract_cell_decl LUT6_2
-	xtract_cell_decl MMCME2_ADV
-	xtract_cell_decl MMCME2_BASE
-	# xtract_cell_decl MUXF7
-	# xtract_cell_decl MUXF8
-	# xtract_cell_decl OBUF "(* iopad_external_pin = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl OBUFDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"O,OB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl OBUFT "(* iopad_external_pin = \"O\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl OBUFTDS "(* iopad_external_pin = \"O,OB\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl ODDR "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl ODELAYE2 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"C\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl OSERDESE2 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK,CLKDIV\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl OUT_FIFO "(* clkbuf_sink = \"RDCLK,WRCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl PHASER_IN
-	xtract_cell_decl PHASER_IN_PHY
-	xtract_cell_decl PHASER_OUT
-	xtract_cell_decl PHASER_OUT_PHY
-	xtract_cell_decl PHASER_REF
-	xtract_cell_decl PHY_CONTROL
-	xtract_cell_decl PLLE2_ADV
-	xtract_cell_decl PLLE2_BASE
-	xtract_cell_decl PS7 "(* keep *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl PULLDOWN
-	xtract_cell_decl PULLUP
-	#xtract_cell_decl RAM128X1D "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM128X1S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM256X1S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM32M "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	#xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1D "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X1S_1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM32X2S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM64M "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	#xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1D "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X1S_1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl RAM64X2S "(* clkbuf_sink = \"WCLK\" *)"
-	# xtract_cell_decl RAMB18E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLKARDCLK,CLKBWRCLK\" *)"
-	# xtract_cell_decl RAMB36E1 "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLKARDCLK,CLKBWRCLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl ROM128X1
-	xtract_cell_decl ROM256X1
-	xtract_cell_decl ROM32X1
-	xtract_cell_decl ROM64X1
-	#xtract_cell_decl SRL16E "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK\" *)"
-	#xtract_cell_decl SRLC32E "(* clkbuf_sink = \"CLK\" *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl STARTUPE2 "(* keep *)"
-	xtract_cell_decl USR_ACCESSE2
-	xtract_cell_decl XADC
-} > cells_xtra.new
-
-mv cells_xtra.new cells_xtra.v
-exit 0
-
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v
index 0fbbc0fdf..a6669b872 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_xtra.v
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Created by cells_xtra.sh from Xilinx models
+// Created by cells_xtra.py from Xilinx models
 
 (* keep *)
 module BSCANE2 (...);
@@ -17,75 +17,79 @@ module BSCANE2 (...);
     input TDO;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGCE (...);
     parameter CE_TYPE = "SYNC";
     parameter [0:0] IS_CE_INVERTED = 1'b0;
     parameter [0:0] IS_I_INVERTED = 1'b0;
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O;
     input CE;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGCE_1 (...);
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O;
     input CE;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFGMUX (...);
     parameter CLK_SEL_TYPE = "SYNC";
-    output O;
-    input I0, I1, S;
-endmodule
-
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
-module BUFGMUX_1 (...);
-    parameter CLK_SEL_TYPE = "SYNC";
-    output O;
-    input I0, I1, S;
-endmodule
-
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
-module BUFGMUX_CTRL (...);
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
+    output O;
+    input I0;
+    input I1;
+    input S;
+endmodule
+
+module BUFGMUX_1 (...);
+    parameter CLK_SEL_TYPE = "SYNC";
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
+    output O;
+    input I0;
+    input I1;
+    input S;
+endmodule
+
+module BUFGMUX_CTRL (...);
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O;
     input I0;
     input I1;
     input S;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFH (...);
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFIO (...);
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFMR (...);
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFMRCE (...);
     parameter CE_TYPE = "SYNC";
     parameter integer INIT_OUT = 0;
     parameter [0:0] IS_CE_INVERTED = 1'b0;
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O;
     input CE;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_driver = "O" *)
 module BUFR (...);
+    (* clkbuf_driver *)
     output O;
     input CE;
     input CLR;
@@ -101,15 +105,21 @@ module CAPTUREE2 (...);
     input CLK;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK" *)
 module CFGLUT5 (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_CLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
     output CDO;
     output O5;
     output O6;
-    input I4, I3, I2, I1, I0;
-    input CDI, CE, CLK;
+    input I4;
+    input I3;
+    input I2;
+    input I1;
+    input I0;
+    input CDI;
+    input CE;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
+    input CLK;
 endmodule
 
 (* keep *)
@@ -121,10 +131,12 @@ endmodule
 module DNA_PORT (...);
     parameter [56:0] SIM_DNA_VALUE = 57'h0;
     output DOUT;
-    input CLK, DIN, READ, SHIFT;
+    input CLK;
+    input DIN;
+    input READ;
+    input SHIFT;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK" *)
 module DSP48E1 (...);
     parameter integer ACASCREG = 1;
     parameter integer ADREG = 1;
@@ -189,6 +201,7 @@ module DSP48E1 (...);
     input CEINMODE;
     input CEM;
     input CEP;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input CLK;
     input [24:0] D;
     input [4:0] INMODE;
@@ -212,7 +225,6 @@ module EFUSE_USR (...);
     output [31:0] EFUSEUSR;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "RDCLK,WRCLK" *)
 module FIFO18E1 (...);
     parameter ALMOST_EMPTY_OFFSET = 13'h0080;
     parameter ALMOST_FULL_OFFSET = 13'h0080;
@@ -242,16 +254,17 @@ module FIFO18E1 (...);
     output WRERR;
     input [31:0] DI;
     input [3:0] DIP;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input RDCLK;
     input RDEN;
     input REGCE;
     input RST;
     input RSTREG;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input WRCLK;
     input WREN;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "RDCLK,WRCLK" *)
 module FIFO36E1 (...);
     parameter ALMOST_EMPTY_OFFSET = 13'h0080;
     parameter ALMOST_FULL_OFFSET = 13'h0080;
@@ -288,11 +301,13 @@ module FIFO36E1 (...);
     input [7:0] DIP;
     input INJECTDBITERR;
     input INJECTSBITERR;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input RDCLK;
     input RDEN;
     input REGCE;
     input RST;
     input RSTREG;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input WRCLK;
     input WREN;
 endmodule
@@ -1979,30 +1994,29 @@ module GTXE2_COMMON (...);
     input [7:0] PMARSVD;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I" *)
 module IBUF_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     parameter SIM_DEVICE = "7SERIES";
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input I;
     input IBUFDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I" *)
 module IBUF_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     parameter SIM_DEVICE = "7SERIES";
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input I;
     input IBUFDISABLE;
     input INTERMDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
@@ -2012,20 +2026,25 @@ module IBUFDS (...);
     parameter IFD_DELAY_VALUE = "AUTO";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     output O;
-    input I, IB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input IB;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
-    output O, OB;
-    input I, IB;
+    output O;
+    output OB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input IB;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2035,12 +2054,13 @@ module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
     output OB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input IB;
     input IBUFDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2050,13 +2070,14 @@ module IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
     output OB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input IB;
     input IBUFDISABLE;
     input INTERMDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_GTE2 (...);
     parameter CLKCM_CFG = "TRUE";
     parameter CLKRCV_TRST = "TRUE";
@@ -2064,11 +2085,12 @@ module IBUFDS_GTE2 (...);
     output O;
     output ODIV2;
     input CEB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input IB;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2077,12 +2099,13 @@ module IBUFDS_IBUFDISABLE (...);
     parameter SIM_DEVICE = "7SERIES";
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input IB;
     input IBUFDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFDS_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2091,23 +2114,24 @@ module IBUFDS_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter SIM_DEVICE = "7SERIES";
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input IB;
     input IBUFDISABLE;
     input INTERMDISABLE;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I" *)
 module IBUFG (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter IBUF_DELAY_VALUE = "0";
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     input I;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFGDS (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
@@ -2115,17 +2139,23 @@ module IBUFGDS (...);
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     output O;
-    input I, IB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input IB;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "I,IB" *)
 module IBUFGDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
-    output O, OB;
-    input I, IB;
+    output O;
+    output OB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input I;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    input IB;
 endmodule
 
 (* keep *)
@@ -2140,7 +2170,6 @@ module ICAPE2 (...);
     input [31:0] I;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module IDDR (...);
     parameter DDR_CLK_EDGE = "OPPOSITE_EDGE";
     parameter INIT_Q1 = 1'b0;
@@ -2152,6 +2181,7 @@ module IDDR (...);
     parameter XON = "TRUE";
     output Q1;
     output Q2;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input C;
     input CE;
     input D;
@@ -2159,7 +2189,6 @@ module IDDR (...);
     input S;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C,CB" *)
 module IDDR_2CLK (...);
     parameter DDR_CLK_EDGE = "OPPOSITE_EDGE";
     parameter INIT_Q1 = 1'b0;
@@ -2170,7 +2199,9 @@ module IDDR_2CLK (...);
     parameter SRTYPE = "SYNC";
     output Q1;
     output Q2;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input C;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input CB;
     input CE;
     input D;
@@ -2178,15 +2209,15 @@ module IDDR_2CLK (...);
     input S;
 endmodule
 
-(* keep *) (* clkbuf_sink = "REFCLK" *)
+(* keep *)
 module IDELAYCTRL (...);
     parameter SIM_DEVICE = "7SERIES";
     output RDY;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input REFCLK;
     input RST;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module IDELAYE2 (...);
     parameter CINVCTRL_SEL = "FALSE";
     parameter DELAY_SRC = "IDATAIN";
@@ -2202,6 +2233,7 @@ module IDELAYE2 (...);
     parameter integer SIM_DELAY_D = 0;
     output [4:0] CNTVALUEOUT;
     output DATAOUT;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input C;
     input CE;
     input CINVCTRL;
@@ -2214,7 +2246,6 @@ module IDELAYE2 (...);
     input REGRST;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "RDCLK,WRCLK" *)
 module IN_FIFO (...);
     parameter integer ALMOST_EMPTY_VALUE = 1;
     parameter integer ALMOST_FULL_VALUE = 1;
@@ -2234,9 +2265,11 @@ module IN_FIFO (...);
     output [7:0] Q7;
     output [7:0] Q8;
     output [7:0] Q9;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input RDCLK;
     input RDEN;
     input RESET;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input WRCLK;
     input WREN;
     input [3:0] D0;
@@ -2251,18 +2284,18 @@ module IN_FIFO (...);
     input [7:0] D6;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "IO" *)
 module IOBUF (...);
     parameter integer DRIVE = 12;
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IO;
-    input I, T;
+    input I;
+    input T;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "IO" *)
 module IOBUF_DCIEN (...);
     parameter integer DRIVE = 12;
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
@@ -2271,6 +2304,7 @@ module IOBUF_DCIEN (...);
     parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IO;
     input DCITERMDISABLE;
     input I;
@@ -2278,7 +2312,6 @@ module IOBUF_DCIEN (...);
     input T;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "IO" *)
 module IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter integer DRIVE = 12;
     parameter IBUF_LOW_PWR = "TRUE";
@@ -2287,6 +2320,7 @@ module IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IO;
     input I;
     input IBUFDISABLE;
@@ -2294,7 +2328,6 @@ module IOBUF_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     input T;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "IO" *)
 module IOBUFDS (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2302,11 +2335,13 @@ module IOBUFDS (...);
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
     output O;
-    inout IO, IOB;
-    input I, T;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    inout IO;
+    inout IOB;
+    input I;
+    input T;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "IO,IOB" *)
 module IOBUFDS_DCIEN (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2316,7 +2351,9 @@ module IOBUFDS_DCIEN (...);
     parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IO;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IOB;
     input DCITERMDISABLE;
     input I;
@@ -2324,7 +2361,6 @@ module IOBUFDS_DCIEN (...);
     input T;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "IO,IOB" *)
 module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2332,14 +2368,15 @@ module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT (...);
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     output O;
     output OB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IO;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IOB;
     input I;
     input TM;
     input TS;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "IO,IOB" *)
 module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2349,7 +2386,9 @@ module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN (...);
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
     output OB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IO;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IOB;
     input DCITERMDISABLE;
     input I;
@@ -2358,7 +2397,6 @@ module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_DCIEN (...);
     input TS;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "IO,IOB" *)
 module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter DIFF_TERM = "FALSE";
     parameter DQS_BIAS = "FALSE";
@@ -2368,7 +2406,9 @@ module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     parameter USE_IBUFDISABLE = "TRUE";
     output O;
     output OB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IO;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     inout IOB;
     input I;
     input IBUFDISABLE;
@@ -2377,7 +2417,6 @@ module IOBUFDS_DIFF_OUT_INTERMDISABLE (...);
     input TS;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK,CLKB,CLKDIV,CLKDIVP,OCLK,OCLKB" *)
 module ISERDESE2 (...);
     parameter DATA_RATE = "DDR";
     parameter integer DATA_WIDTH = 4;
@@ -2417,15 +2456,21 @@ module ISERDESE2 (...);
     input BITSLIP;
     input CE1;
     input CE2;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input CLK;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input CLKB;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input CLKDIV;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input CLKDIVP;
     input D;
     input DDLY;
     input DYNCLKDIVSEL;
     input DYNCLKSEL;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input OCLK;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input OCLKB;
     input OFB;
     input RST;
@@ -2444,7 +2489,10 @@ module LDCE (...);
     parameter MSGON = "TRUE";
     parameter XON = "TRUE";
     output Q;
-    input CLR, D, G, GE;
+    input CLR;
+    input D;
+    input G;
+    input GE;
 endmodule
 
 module LDPE (...);
@@ -2454,7 +2502,10 @@ module LDPE (...);
     parameter MSGON = "TRUE";
     parameter XON = "TRUE";
     output Q;
-    input D, G, GE, PRE;
+    input D;
+    input G;
+    input GE;
+    input PRE;
 endmodule
 
 module MMCME2_ADV (...);
@@ -2598,37 +2649,43 @@ module MMCME2_BASE (...);
     input RST;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "O,OB" *)
 module OBUFDS (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
-    output O, OB;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    output OB;
     input I;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "O" *)
 module OBUFT (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter integer DRIVE = 12;
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
     output O;
-    input I, T;
+    input I;
+    input T;
 endmodule
 
-(* iopad_external_pin = "O,OB" *)
 module OBUFTDS (...);
     parameter CAPACITANCE = "DONT_CARE";
     parameter IOSTANDARD = "DEFAULT";
     parameter SLEW = "SLOW";
-    output O, OB;
-    input I, T;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    output O;
+    (* iopad_external_pin *)
+    output OB;
+    input I;
+    input T;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module ODDR (...);
     output Q;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input C;
     input CE;
     input D1;
@@ -2645,7 +2702,6 @@ module ODDR (...);
     parameter XON = "TRUE";
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "C" *)
 module ODELAYE2 (...);
     parameter CINVCTRL_SEL = "FALSE";
     parameter DELAY_SRC = "ODATAIN";
@@ -2660,6 +2716,7 @@ module ODELAYE2 (...);
     parameter integer SIM_DELAY_D = 0;
     output [4:0] CNTVALUEOUT;
     output DATAOUT;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input C;
     input CE;
     input CINVCTRL;
@@ -2672,7 +2729,6 @@ module ODELAYE2 (...);
     input REGRST;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLK,CLKDIV" *)
 module OSERDESE2 (...);
     parameter DATA_RATE_OQ = "DDR";
     parameter DATA_RATE_TQ = "DDR";
@@ -2706,7 +2762,9 @@ module OSERDESE2 (...);
     output TBYTEOUT;
     output TFB;
     output TQ;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input CLK;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input CLKDIV;
     input D1;
     input D2;
@@ -2728,7 +2786,6 @@ module OSERDESE2 (...);
     input TCE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "RDCLK,WRCLK" *)
 module OUT_FIFO (...);
     parameter integer ALMOST_EMPTY_VALUE = 1;
     parameter integer ALMOST_FULL_VALUE = 1;
@@ -2749,9 +2806,11 @@ module OUT_FIFO (...);
     output [3:0] Q9;
     output [7:0] Q5;
     output [7:0] Q6;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input RDCLK;
     input RDEN;
     input RESET;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input WRCLK;
     input WREN;
     input [7:0] D0;
@@ -3731,26 +3790,34 @@ module PULLUP (...);
     output O;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM128X1S (...);
     parameter [127:0] INIT = 128'h00000000000000000000000000000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, D, WCLK, WE;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input A5;
+    input A6;
+    input D;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
+    input WCLK;
+    input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM256X1S (...);
     parameter [255:0] INIT = 256'h0;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
     output O;
     input [7:0] A;
     input D;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input WCLK;
     input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM32M (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT_A = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [63:0] INIT_B = 64'h0000000000000000;
@@ -3769,36 +3836,59 @@ module RAM32M (...);
     input [1:0] DIB;
     input [1:0] DIC;
     input [1:0] DID;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input WCLK;
     input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM32X1S (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, D, WCLK, WE;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input D;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
+    input WCLK;
+    input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM32X1S_1 (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, D, WCLK, WE;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input D;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
+    input WCLK;
+    input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM32X2S (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT_00 = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [31:0] INIT_01 = 32'h00000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
-    output O0, O1;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, D0, D1, WCLK, WE;
+    output O0;
+    output O1;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input D0;
+    input D1;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
+    input WCLK;
+    input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM64M (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT_A = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [63:0] INIT_B = 64'h0000000000000000;
@@ -3817,57 +3907,106 @@ module RAM64M (...);
     input DIB;
     input DIC;
     input DID;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
     input WCLK;
     input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM64X1S (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, D, WCLK, WE;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input A5;
+    input D;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
+    input WCLK;
+    input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM64X1S_1 (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, D, WCLK, WE;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input A5;
+    input D;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
+    input WCLK;
+    input WE;
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "WCLK" *)
 module RAM64X2S (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT_00 = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [63:0] INIT_01 = 64'h0000000000000000;
     parameter [0:0] IS_WCLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
-    output O0, O1;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, D0, D1, WCLK, WE;
+    output O0;
+    output O1;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input A5;
+    input D0;
+    input D1;
+    (* clkbuf_sink *)
+    input WCLK;
+    input WE;
 endmodule
 
 module ROM128X1 (...);
     parameter [127:0] INIT = 128'h00000000000000000000000000000000;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input A5;
+    input A6;
 endmodule
 
 module ROM256X1 (...);
     parameter [255:0] INIT = 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input A5;
+    input A6;
+    input A7;
 endmodule
 
 module ROM32X1 (...);
     parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
 endmodule
 
 module ROM64X1 (...);
     parameter [63:0] INIT = 64'h0000000000000000;
     output O;
-    input A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5;
+    input A0;
+    input A1;
+    input A2;
+    input A3;
+    input A4;
+    input A5;
 endmodule
 
 (* keep *)
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v b/techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v
index 1287e2c53..041d6b54f 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/xc6s_brams_bb.v
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLKAWRCLK,CLKBRDCLK" *)
 module RAMB8BWER (
+	(* clkbuf_sink *)
 	input CLKAWRCLK,
+	(* clkbuf_sink *)
 	input CLKBRDCLK,
 	input ENAWREN,
 	input ENBRDEN,
@@ -87,9 +88,10 @@ module RAMB8BWER (
 	parameter SIM_COLLISION_CHECK = "ALL";
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLKA,CLKB" *)
 module RAMB16BWER (
+	(* clkbuf_sink *)
 	input CLKA,
+	(* clkbuf_sink *)
 	input CLKB,
 	input ENA,
 	input ENB,
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v b/techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v
index 046a8fa26..a43b4b5a1 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/xc7_brams_bb.v
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLKARDCLK,CLKBWRCLK" *)
 module RAMB18E1 (
+	(* clkbuf_sink *)
 	input CLKARDCLK,
+	(* clkbuf_sink *)
 	input CLKBWRCLK,
 	input ENARDEN,
 	input ENBWREN,
@@ -123,9 +124,10 @@ module RAMB18E1 (
 	parameter SIM_DEVICE = "VIRTEX6";
 endmodule
 
-(* clkbuf_sink = "CLKARDCLK,CLKBWRCLK" *)
 module RAMB36E1 (
+	(* clkbuf_sink *)
 	input CLKARDCLK,
+	(* clkbuf_sink *)
 	input CLKBWRCLK,
 	input ENARDEN,
 	input ENBWREN,

From 2d5d82e2b6f7d369c0d41b499646a8719ff0bc20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Marcin=20Ko=C5=9Bcielnicki?= <koriakin@0x04.net>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 21:47:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 059/197] README updates

---
 README.md | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d9989eb29..767a0fb61 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -329,6 +329,20 @@ Verilog Attributes and non-standard features
   that represent module parameters or localparams (when the HDL front-end
   is run in -pwires mode).
 
+- The ``clkbuf_inhibit`` attribute can be set on a wire to prevent
+  automatic clock buffer insertion by ``clkbufmap``.
+
+- The ``clkbuf_sink`` attribute can be set on an input port of a blackbox
+  module to request clock buffer insertion by the ``clkbufmap`` pass.
+
+- The ``clkbuf_driver`` attribute can be set on an output port of a blackbox
+  module to mark it as a clock buffer output, and thus prevent ``clkbufmap``
+  from inserting another clock buffer on a net driven by such output.
+
+- The ``iopad_external_pin`` attribute on a blacbox module's port marks
+  it as the external-facing pin of an I/O pad, and prevents ``iopadmap``
+  from inserting another pad cell on it.
+
 - In addition to the ``(* ... *)`` attribute syntax, Yosys supports
   the non-standard ``{* ... *}`` attribute syntax to set default attributes
   for everything that comes after the ``{* ... *}`` statement. (Reset

From 0e128510c0f4441014dd8e07fe820efe0304f28a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddieh@ece.ubc.ca>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 10:40:53 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 060/197] Revert "Since $_ANDNOT_ is not symmetric, do not sort
 leaves"

---
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc | 12 ++++++++----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index befaf68a4..b541ceb6b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -153,10 +153,12 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		}
 	}
 
-	void check_partition(SigBit root, const pool<SigBit> &leaves)
+	void check_partition(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves)
 	{
 		if (config.enable_ha && GetSize(leaves) == 2)
 		{
+			leaves.sort();
+
 			SigBit A = SigSpec(leaves)[0];
 			SigBit B = SigSpec(leaves)[1];
 
@@ -194,6 +196,8 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 
 		if (config.enable_fa && GetSize(leaves) == 3)
 		{
+			leaves.sort();
+
 			SigBit A = SigSpec(leaves)[0];
 			SigBit B = SigSpec(leaves)[1];
 			SigBit C = SigSpec(leaves)[2];
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		}
 	}
 
-	void find_partitions(SigBit root, const pool<SigBit> &leaves, pool<const pool<SigBit>> &cache, int maxdepth, int maxbreadth)
+	void find_partitions(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves, pool<pool<SigBit>> &cache, int maxdepth, int maxbreadth)
 	{
 		if (cache.count(leaves))
 			return;
@@ -289,8 +293,8 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				continue;
 
 			SigBit root = it.first;
-			const pool<SigBit> leaves = { root };
-			pool<const pool<SigBit>> cache;
+			pool<SigBit> leaves = { root };
+			pool<pool<SigBit>> cache;
 
 			if (config.verbose)
 				log("  checking %s\n", log_signal(it.first));

From 5ec5f6dec7d4cdcfd9e1a2cda999886605778400 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 11:25:56 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 061/197] Only sort leaves on non-ANDNOT/ORNOT cells

---
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc | 13 +++++++------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index b541ceb6b..6e45c47d4 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -153,11 +153,12 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		}
 	}
 
-	void check_partition(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves)
+	void check_partition(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves, IdString cell_type)
 	{
 		if (config.enable_ha && GetSize(leaves) == 2)
 		{
-			leaves.sort();
+			if (!cell_type.in("$_ANDNOT_", "$_ORNOT_"))
+				leaves.sort();
 
 			SigBit A = SigSpec(leaves)[0];
 			SigBit B = SigSpec(leaves)[1];
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		}
 	}
 
-	void find_partitions(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves, pool<pool<SigBit>> &cache, int maxdepth, int maxbreadth)
+	void find_partitions(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves, pool<pool<SigBit>> &cache, int maxdepth, int maxbreadth, IdString cell_type)
 	{
 		if (cache.count(leaves))
 			return;
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		// log("\n");
 
 		cache.insert(leaves);
-		check_partition(root, leaves);
+		check_partition(root, leaves, cell_type);
 
 		if (maxdepth == 0)
 			return;
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 			if (GetSize(new_leaves) > maxbreadth)
 				continue;
 
-			find_partitions(root, new_leaves, cache, maxdepth-1, maxbreadth);
+			find_partitions(root, new_leaves, cache, maxdepth-1, maxbreadth, cell_type);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -302,7 +303,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 			count_func2 = 0;
 			count_func3 = 0;
 
-			find_partitions(root, leaves, cache, config.maxdepth, config.maxbreadth);
+			find_partitions(root, leaves, cache, config.maxdepth, config.maxbreadth, it.second->type);
 
 			if (config.verbose && count_func2 > 0)
 				log("    extracted %d two-input functions\n", count_func2);

From 0c003a3d0d3e2e2b21ac03404f245a5ab1189bc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 11:26:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 062/197] Bump gcc from 4.8 to 4.9 as undefined reference

... to `__warn_memset_zero_len'.
Also remove gcc-6, bump gcc-7 to gcc-9, clang from 5.0 to 8.0
---
 .travis.yml | 43 +++++++------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 4102f05fe..516df54d8 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ matrix:
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
-            - g++-4.8
+            - g++-4.9
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -38,36 +38,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
             - zlib1g-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.8 && CXX=g++-4.8"
-
-    # Latest gcc-6 on Travis Linux
-    - os: linux
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-6
-            - gperf
-            - build-essential
-            - bison
-            - flex
-            - libreadline-dev
-            - gawk
-            - tcl-dev
-            - libffi-dev
-            - git
-            - graphviz
-            - xdot
-            - pkg-config
-            - python
-            - python3
-            - libboost-system-dev
-            - libboost-python-dev
-            - libboost-filesystem-dev
-            - zlib1g-dev
-      env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-6 && CXX=g++-6"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.9 && CXX=g++-4.9"
 
     # Latest gcc supported on Travis Linux
     - os: linux
@@ -76,7 +47,7 @@ matrix:
           sources:
             - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
           packages:
-            - g++-7
+            - g++-9
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -96,7 +67,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
             - zlib1g-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-7 && CXX=g++-7"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-9 && CXX=g++-9"
 
     # Clang which ships on Trusty Linux
     - os: linux
@@ -133,9 +104,9 @@ matrix:
       addons:
         apt:
           sources:
-            - llvm-toolchain-trusty-5.0
+            - llvm-toolchain-bionic-8.0
           packages:
-            - clang-5.0
+            - clang-8.0
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -155,7 +126,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
             - zlib1g-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=clang && CC=clang-5.0 && CXX=clang++-5.0"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=clang && CC=clang-8.0 && CXX=clang++-8.0"
 
 #   # Latest clang on Mac OS X
 #   - os: osx

From 2df432af03eba4604543aa04ba99e35c952253e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 11:52:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 063/197] bionic -> xenial as its on whitelist

---
 .travis.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 516df54d8..8d1ad3006 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ matrix:
       addons:
         apt:
           sources:
-            - llvm-toolchain-bionic-8.0
+            - llvm-toolchain-xenial-8
           packages:
             - clang-8.0
             - gperf

From c82b2fa31f8965be2680c87af6cd9ac5d26ead4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 12:16:02 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 064/197] Bump to gcc-5 as `__warn_memset_zero_len' symbol not
 in 16.04!?!

---
 .travis.yml | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 8d1ad3006..bf6657b1e 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -13,12 +13,14 @@ env:
 
 matrix:
   include:
-    # Latest gcc-4.8, earliest version supported by Travis
+    # Earliest gcc version that works
+    #   4.8 and 4.9 fails to compile iverilog giving:
+    #   "undefined reference to `__warn_memset_zero_len'"
     - os: linux
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
-            - g++-4.9
+            - g++-5
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
             - zlib1g-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.9 && CXX=g++-4.9"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-5 && CXX=g++-5"
 
     # Latest gcc supported on Travis Linux
     - os: linux

From e517c1c91377190418fed06f09c13cdc716b2fb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 12:23:15 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 065/197] Remove .0 from clang-8.0

---
 .travis.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index bf6657b1e..46bbcf9c3 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ matrix:
           sources:
             - llvm-toolchain-xenial-8
           packages:
-            - clang-8.0
+            - clang-8
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
             - zlib1g-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=clang && CC=clang-8.0 && CXX=clang++-8.0"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=clang && CC=clang-8 && CXX=clang++-8"
 
 #   # Latest clang on Mac OS X
 #   - os: osx

From 182659f1141752a8b35fe6816fdbc7aef113ff77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 12:26:45 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 066/197] Revert "Bump to gcc-5 as `__warn_memset_zero_len'
 symbol not in 16.04!?!"

This reverts commit c82b2fa31f8965be2680c87af6cd9ac5d26ead4d.
---
 .travis.yml | 8 +++-----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 46bbcf9c3..f5cac3eb2 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -13,14 +13,12 @@ env:
 
 matrix:
   include:
-    # Earliest gcc version that works
-    #   4.8 and 4.9 fails to compile iverilog giving:
-    #   "undefined reference to `__warn_memset_zero_len'"
+    # Latest gcc-4.8, earliest version supported by Travis
     - os: linux
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
-            - g++-5
+            - g++-4.9
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
             - zlib1g-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-5 && CXX=g++-5"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.9 && CXX=g++-4.9"
 
     # Latest gcc supported on Travis Linux
     - os: linux

From 4c2a2e275f67778bcfb40a983d9ba868cbe04ebc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 12:28:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 067/197] Revert earliest to gcc-4.8, compile iverilog with
 default compiler

---
 .travis.yml      | 4 ++--
 .travis/setup.sh | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index f5cac3eb2..09f380831 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ matrix:
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
-            - g++-4.9
+            - g++-4.8
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
             - zlib1g-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.9 && CXX=g++-4.9"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.8 && CXX=g++-4.8"
 
     # Latest gcc supported on Travis Linux
     - os: linux
diff --git a/.travis/setup.sh b/.travis/setup.sh
index 4af0b8ee9..02879b974 100755
--- a/.travis/setup.sh
+++ b/.travis/setup.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ fi
 		git clone git://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog.git
 		cd iverilog
 		autoconf
-		./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local-bin
+		CC=gcc CXX=g++ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local-bin
 		make
 		make install
 		echo

From 1e47e81869a41cd231693e176dc661751579fc0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 15:23:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 068/197] Revert "Only sort leaves on non-ANDNOT/ORNOT cells"

This reverts commit 5ec5f6dec7d4cdcfd9e1a2cda999886605778400.
---
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc | 13 ++++++-------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index 6e45c47d4..b541ceb6b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -153,12 +153,11 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		}
 	}
 
-	void check_partition(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves, IdString cell_type)
+	void check_partition(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves)
 	{
 		if (config.enable_ha && GetSize(leaves) == 2)
 		{
-			if (!cell_type.in("$_ANDNOT_", "$_ORNOT_"))
-				leaves.sort();
+			leaves.sort();
 
 			SigBit A = SigSpec(leaves)[0];
 			SigBit B = SigSpec(leaves)[1];
@@ -238,7 +237,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		}
 	}
 
-	void find_partitions(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves, pool<pool<SigBit>> &cache, int maxdepth, int maxbreadth, IdString cell_type)
+	void find_partitions(SigBit root, pool<SigBit> &leaves, pool<pool<SigBit>> &cache, int maxdepth, int maxbreadth)
 	{
 		if (cache.count(leaves))
 			return;
@@ -249,7 +248,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 		// log("\n");
 
 		cache.insert(leaves);
-		check_partition(root, leaves, cell_type);
+		check_partition(root, leaves);
 
 		if (maxdepth == 0)
 			return;
@@ -271,7 +270,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 			if (GetSize(new_leaves) > maxbreadth)
 				continue;
 
-			find_partitions(root, new_leaves, cache, maxdepth-1, maxbreadth, cell_type);
+			find_partitions(root, new_leaves, cache, maxdepth-1, maxbreadth);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -303,7 +302,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 			count_func2 = 0;
 			count_func3 = 0;
 
-			find_partitions(root, leaves, cache, config.maxdepth, config.maxbreadth, it.second->type);
+			find_partitions(root, leaves, cache, config.maxdepth, config.maxbreadth);
 
 			if (config.verbose && count_func2 > 0)
 				log("    extracted %d two-input functions\n", count_func2);

From 1551e14d2d688982f22f416a55a3212796a82421 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 16:26:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 069/197] AND with an inverted input, causes X{,N}OR output to
 be inverted too

---
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index b541ceb6b..8f195a90a 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -513,13 +513,13 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				}
 
 				if (func2.at(key).count(xor2_func)) {
-					SigBit YY = invert_xy ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, Y) : Y;
+					SigBit YY = invert_xy || (f2i.inv_a && !f2i.inv_b) || (!f2i.inv_a && f2i.inv_b) ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, Y) : Y;
 					for (auto bit : func2.at(key).at(xor2_func))
 						assign_new_driver(bit, YY);
 				}
 
 				if (func2.at(key).count(xnor2_func)) {
-					SigBit YY = invert_xy ? Y : module->NotGate(NEW_ID, Y);
+					SigBit YY = invert_xy || (f2i.inv_a && !f2i.inv_b) || (!f2i.inv_a && f2i.inv_b) ? Y : module->NotGate(NEW_ID, Y);
 					for (auto bit : func2.at(key).at(xnor2_func))
 						assign_new_driver(bit, YY);
 				}

From 4cfefae21e872bb5a4dc13473316352da2b7a916 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 09:23:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 070/197] More use of IdString::in()

---
 kernel/satgen.h            | 51 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 passes/cmds/delete.cc      |  2 +-
 passes/sat/expose.cc       |  2 +-
 passes/techmap/abc.cc      | 13 +++++-----
 passes/techmap/shregmap.cc |  2 +-
 passes/techmap/techmap.cc  |  4 +--
 passes/tests/test_cell.cc  |  4 +--
 7 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/satgen.h b/kernel/satgen.h
index de480f28e..aab3017c2 100644
--- a/kernel/satgen.h
+++ b/kernel/satgen.h
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			int undef_any_b = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_b);
 			int undef_y_bit = ez->OR(undef_any_a, undef_any_b);
 
-			if (cell->type == ID($div) || cell->type == ID($mod)) {
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($div), ID($mod))) {
 				std::vector<int> b = importSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
 				undef_y_bit = ez->OR(undef_y_bit, ez->NOT(ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, b)));
 			}
@@ -320,17 +320,17 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
-			if (cell->type == ID($and) || cell->type == ID($_AND_))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($_AND_)))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_and(a, b), yy));
 			if (cell->type == ID($_NAND_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(ez->vec_and(a, b)), yy));
-			if (cell->type == ID($or) || cell->type == ID($_OR_))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($or), ID($_OR_)))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_or(a, b), yy));
 			if (cell->type == ID($_NOR_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(ez->vec_or(a, b)), yy));
-			if (cell->type == ID($xor) || cell->type == ID($_XOR_))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($xor), ID($_XOR_)))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_xor(a, b), yy));
-			if (cell->type == ID($xnor) || cell->type == ID($_XNOR_))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($xnor), ID($_XNOR_)))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(ez->vec_xor(a, b)), yy));
 			if (cell->type == ID($_ANDNOT_))
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_and(a, ez->vec_not(b)), yy));
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($_NOT_) || cell->type == ID($not))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not)))
 		{
 			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_) || cell->type == ID($mux) || cell->type == ID($_NMUX_))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_MUX_), ID($mux), ID($_NMUX_)))
 		{
 			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($pos) || cell->type == ID($neg))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($neg)))
 		{
 			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
@@ -589,8 +589,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and) || cell->type == ID($reduce_or) || cell->type == ID($reduce_xor) ||
-				cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor) || cell->type == ID($reduce_bool) || cell->type == ID($logic_not))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool), ID($logic_not)))
 		{
 			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
@@ -599,7 +598,7 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and))
 				ez->SET(ez->expression(ez->OpAnd, a), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or) || cell->type == ID($reduce_bool))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool)))
 				ez->SET(ez->expression(ez->OpOr, a), yy.at(0));
 			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xor))
 				ez->SET(ez->expression(ez->OpXor, a), yy.at(0));
@@ -620,11 +619,11 @@ struct SatGen
 					int a0 = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, ez->vec_and(ez->vec_not(a), ez->vec_not(undef_a)));
 					ez->assume(ez->IFF(ez->AND(ez->NOT(a0), aX), undef_y.at(0)));
 				}
-				else if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or) || cell->type == ID($reduce_bool) || cell->type == ID($logic_not)) {
+				else if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool), ID($logic_not))) {
 					int a1 = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, ez->vec_and(a, ez->vec_not(undef_a)));
 					ez->assume(ez->IFF(ez->AND(ez->NOT(a1), aX), undef_y.at(0)));
 				}
-				else if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xor) || cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
+				else if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor))) {
 					ez->assume(ez->IFF(aX, undef_y.at(0)));
 				} else
 					log_abort();
@@ -637,7 +636,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($logic_and) || cell->type == ID($logic_or))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)))
 		{
 			std::vector<int> vec_a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> vec_b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
@@ -683,7 +682,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($lt) || cell->type == ID($le) || cell->type == ID($eq) || cell->type == ID($ne) || cell->type == ID($eqx) || cell->type == ID($nex) || cell->type == ID($ge) || cell->type == ID($gt))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt)))
 		{
 			bool is_signed = cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
 			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
@@ -693,7 +692,7 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
-			if (model_undef && (cell->type == ID($eqx) || cell->type == ID($nex))) {
+			if (model_undef && cell->type.in(ID($eqx), ID($nex))) {
 				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
@@ -705,9 +704,9 @@ struct SatGen
 				ez->SET(is_signed ? ez->vec_lt_signed(a, b) : ez->vec_lt_unsigned(a, b), yy.at(0));
 			if (cell->type == ID($le))
 				ez->SET(is_signed ? ez->vec_le_signed(a, b) : ez->vec_le_unsigned(a, b), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == ID($eq) || cell->type == ID($eqx))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx)))
 				ez->SET(ez->vec_eq(a, b), yy.at(0));
-			if (cell->type == ID($ne) || cell->type == ID($nex))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($ne), ID($nex)))
 				ez->SET(ez->vec_ne(a, b), yy.at(0));
 			if (cell->type == ID($ge))
 				ez->SET(is_signed ? ez->vec_ge_signed(a, b) : ez->vec_ge_unsigned(a, b), yy.at(0));
@@ -716,7 +715,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			for (size_t i = 1; i < y.size(); i++)
 				ez->SET(ez->CONST_FALSE, yy.at(i));
 
-			if (model_undef && (cell->type == ID($eqx) || cell->type == ID($nex)))
+			if (model_undef && cell->type.in(ID($eqx), ID($nex)))
 			{
 				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
@@ -733,7 +732,7 @@ struct SatGen
 
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(y, yy));
 			}
-			else if (model_undef && (cell->type == ID($eq) || cell->type == ID($ne)))
+			else if (model_undef && cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne)))
 			{
 				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
@@ -767,7 +766,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($shl) || cell->type == ID($shr) || cell->type == ID($sshl) || cell->type == ID($sshr) || cell->type == ID($shift) || cell->type == ID($shiftx))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)))
 		{
 			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
@@ -786,7 +785,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 			std::vector<int> shifted_a;
 
-			if (cell->type == ID($shl) || cell->type == ID($sshl))
+			if (cell->type.in( ID($shl), ID($sshl)))
 				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_left(a, b, false, ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($shr))
@@ -795,7 +794,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			if (cell->type == ID($sshr))
 				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_right(a, b, false, cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() ? a.back() : ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
-			if (cell->type == ID($shift) || cell->type == ID($shiftx))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($shift), ID($shiftx)))
 				shifted_a = ez->vec_shift_right(a, b, cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool(), ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
 			ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(shifted_a, yy));
@@ -816,7 +815,7 @@ struct SatGen
 				while (undef_y.size() > undef_a.size())
 					undef_a.push_back(extend_bit);
 
-				if (cell->type == ID($shl) || cell->type == ID($sshl))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($sshl)))
 					undef_a_shifted = ez->vec_shift_left(undef_a, b, false, ez->CONST_FALSE, ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
 				if (cell->type == ID($shr))
@@ -936,7 +935,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($div) || cell->type == ID($mod))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($div), ID($mod)))
 		{
 			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
@@ -1356,7 +1355,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($_BUF_) || cell->type == ID($equiv))
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_BUF_), ID($equiv)))
 		{
 			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
diff --git a/passes/cmds/delete.cc b/passes/cmds/delete.cc
index f8d91ea48..5822c09f8 100644
--- a/passes/cmds/delete.cc
+++ b/passes/cmds/delete.cc
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ struct DeletePass : public Pass {
 			for (auto &it : module->cells_) {
 				if (design->selected(module, it.second))
 					delete_cells.insert(it.second);
-				if ((it.second->type == "$memrd" || it.second->type == "$memwr") &&
+				if (it.second->type.in("$memrd", "$memwr") &&
 						delete_mems.count(it.second->parameters.at("\\MEMID").decode_string()) != 0)
 					delete_cells.insert(it.second);
 			}
diff --git a/passes/sat/expose.cc b/passes/sat/expose.cc
index 7631d87e6..29dfc7b19 100644
--- a/passes/sat/expose.cc
+++ b/passes/sat/expose.cc
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void create_dff_dq_map(std::map<RTLIL::IdString, dff_map_info_t> &map, RTLIL::De
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (info.cell->type == "$_DFF_N_" || info.cell->type == "$_DFF_P_") {
+		if (info.cell->type.in("$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_")) {
 			info.bit_clk = sigmap(info.cell->getPort("\\C")).as_bit();
 			info.clk_polarity = info.cell->type == "$_DFF_P_";
 			info.bit_d = sigmap(info.cell->getPort("\\D")).as_bit();
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc.cc b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
index 9f963a8bf..1de844f2b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 			if (builtin_lib)
 			{
 				cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
-				if (c->type == "\\ZERO" || c->type == "\\ONE") {
+				if (c->type.in("\\ZERO", "\\ONE")) {
 					RTLIL::SigSig conn;
 					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]);
 					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == "\\ZERO" ? 0 : 1, 1);
@@ -1065,8 +1065,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\AND" || c->type == "\\OR" || c->type == "\\XOR" || c->type == "\\NAND" || c->type == "\\NOR" ||
-						c->type == "\\XNOR" || c->type == "\\ANDNOT" || c->type == "\\ORNOT") {
+				if (c->type.in("\\AND", "\\OR", "\\XOR", "\\NAND", "\\NOR", "\\XNOR", "\\ANDNOT", "\\ORNOT")) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_" + c->type.substr(1) + "_");
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1075,7 +1074,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\MUX" || c->type == "\\NMUX") {
+				if (c->type.in("\\MUX", "\\NMUX")) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_" + c->type.substr(1) + "_");
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1143,7 +1142,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\AOI3" || c->type == "\\OAI3") {
+				if (c->type.in("\\AOI3", "\\OAI3")) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_" + c->type.substr(1) + "_");
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1153,7 +1152,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\AOI4" || c->type == "\\OAI4") {
+				if (c->type.in("\\AOI4", "\\OAI4")) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_" + c->type.substr(1) + "_");
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1185,7 +1184,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 			else
 				cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
 
-			if (c->type == "\\_const0_" || c->type == "\\_const1_") {
+			if (c->type.in("\\_const0_", "\\_const1_")) {
 				RTLIL::SigSig conn;
 				conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->connections().begin()->second.as_wire()->name)]);
 				conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == "\\_const0_" ? 0 : 1, 1);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
index 004ab1eb9..959db7627 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		if (cell) {
 			if (cell->type == "$shiftx" && port == "\\A")
 				return;
-			if (cell->type == "$mux" && (port == "\\A" || port == "\\B"))
+			if (cell->type == "$mux" && port.in("\\A", "\\B"))
 				return;
 		}
 		sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.erase(it);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
index 2708b08ae..ca231eb53 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				port_signal_map.apply(it2.second);
 			}
 
-			if (c->type == "$memrd" || c->type == "$memwr" || c->type == "$meminit") {
+			if (c->type.in("$memrd", "$memwr", "$meminit")) {
 				IdString memid = c->getParam("\\MEMID").decode_string();
 				log_assert(memory_renames.count(memid) != 0);
 				c->setParam("\\MEMID", Const(memory_renames[memid].str()));
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 								int port_counter = 1;
 								for (auto &c : extmapper_cell->connections_) {
 									RTLIL::Wire *w = extmapper_module->addWire(c.first, GetSize(c.second));
-									if (w->name == "\\Y" || w->name == "\\Q")
+									if (w->name.in("\\Y", "\\Q"))
 										w->port_output = true;
 									else
 										w->port_input = true;
diff --git a/passes/tests/test_cell.cc b/passes/tests/test_cell.cc
index 319669955..88116eeec 100644
--- a/passes/tests/test_cell.cc
+++ b/passes/tests/test_cell.cc
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static void create_gold_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::IdString cell_type,
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell("\\UUT", cell_type);
 	RTLIL::Wire *wire;
 
-	if (cell_type == "$mux" || cell_type == "$pmux")
+	if (cell_type.in("$mux", "$pmux"))
 	{
 		int width = 1 + xorshift32(8);
 		int swidth = cell_type == "$mux" ? 1 : 1 + xorshift32(8);
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ static void create_gold_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::IdString cell_type,
 		cell->setPort("\\Y", wire);
 	}
 
-	if (muxdiv && (cell_type == "$div" || cell_type == "$mod")) {
+	if (muxdiv && cell_type.in("$div", "$mod")) {
 		auto b_not_zero = module->ReduceBool(NEW_ID, cell->getPort("\\B"));
 		auto div_out = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y")));
 		module->addMux(NEW_ID, RTLIL::SigSpec(0, GetSize(div_out)), div_out, b_not_zero, cell->getPort("\\Y"));

From 73bf4539298fdc9f11302582f5e5aff57214cd28 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 18:34:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 071/197] Improvements in pmgen for recursive patterns

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 Makefile                          |   5 ++
 passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc         |  19 +++--
 passes/pmgen/README.md            |  25 ++++++-
 passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg |   2 +
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py             | 116 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 5 files changed, 139 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 95b5d451b..db8915225 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -487,6 +487,11 @@ define add_include_file
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,$(dir share/include/$(1)),$(1)))
 endef
 
+define add_extra_objs
+EXTRA_OBJS += $(1)
+.SECONDARY: $(1)
+endef
+
 ifeq ($(PRETTY), 1)
 P_STATUS = 0
 P_OFFSET = 0
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
index 7911132db..0d977635b 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
+%_pm.h: passes/pmgen/pmgen.py %.pmg
+	$(P) mkdir -p passes/pmgen && python3 $< -o $@ -p $(subst _pm.h,,$(notdir $@)) $(filter-out $<,$^)
+
+# --------------------------------------
+
 OBJS += passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.o
-OBJS += passes/pmgen/peepopt.o
-
-# --------------------------------------
-
 passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.o: passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h
-EXTRA_OBJS += passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h
-.SECONDARY: passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h
-
-passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h: passes/pmgen/pmgen.py passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.pmg
-	$(P) mkdir -p passes/pmgen && python3 $< -o $@ -p ice40_dsp $(filter-out $<,$^)
+$(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h))
 
 # --------------------------------------
 
+OBJS += passes/pmgen/peepopt.o
 passes/pmgen/peepopt.o: passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h
-EXTRA_OBJS += passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h
-.SECONDARY: passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h
+$(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h))
 
 PEEPOPT_PATTERN  = passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg
 PEEPOPT_PATTERN += passes/pmgen/peepopt_muldiv.pmg
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/README.md b/passes/pmgen/README.md
index 2f0b1fd5a..db722c818 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/README.md
+++ b/passes/pmgen/README.md
@@ -232,5 +232,28 @@ But in some cases it is more natural to utilize the implicit branch statement:
         portAB = \B;
     endcode
 
-There is an implicit `code..endcode` block at the end of each `.pmg` file
+There is an implicit `code..endcode` block at the end of each (sub)pattern
 that just accepts everything that gets all the way there.
+
+A `code..finally..endcode` block executes the code after `finally` during
+back-tracking. This is useful for maintaining user data state or printing
+debug messages. For example:
+
+    udata <vector<Cell*>> stack
+
+    code
+        stack.push_back(addAB);
+    finally
+        stack.pop_back();
+    endcode
+
+Declaring a subpattern
+----------------------
+
+A subpattern starts with a line containing the `subpattern` keyword followed
+by the name of the subpattern. Subpatterns can be called from a `code` block
+using a `subpattern(<subpattern_name>);` C statement.
+
+Arguments may be passed to subpattern via state variables. The `subpattern`
+line must be followed by a `arg <arg1> <arg2> ...` line that lists the
+state variables used to pass arguments. Subpatterns allow recursion.
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg b/passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg
index 6adab4e5f..d766d9e4a 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ match mul
 endmatch
 
 code
+{
 	IdString const_factor_port = port(mul, \A).is_fully_const() ? \A : \B;
 	IdString const_factor_signed = const_factor_port == \A ? \A_SIGNED : \B_SIGNED;
 	Const const_factor_cnst = port(mul, const_factor_port).as_const();
@@ -91,4 +92,5 @@ code
 
 	blacklist(shift);
 	reject;
+}
 endcode
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index 81052afce..22a7a5225 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -38,7 +38,10 @@ for a in args:
 assert prefix is not None
 
 current_pattern = None
+current_subpattern = None
 patterns = dict()
+subpatterns = dict()
+subpattern_args = dict()
 state_types = dict()
 udata_types = dict()
 blocks = list()
@@ -104,9 +107,12 @@ def rewrite_cpp(s):
 
     return "".join(t)
 
-def process_pmgfile(f):
+def process_pmgfile(f, filename):
+    linenr = 0
     global current_pattern
+    global current_subpattern
     while True:
+        linenr += 1
         line = f.readline()
         if line == "": break
         line = line.strip()
@@ -119,19 +125,41 @@ def process_pmgfile(f):
             if current_pattern is not None:
                 block = dict()
                 block["type"] = "final"
-                block["pattern"] = current_pattern
+                block["pattern"] = (current_pattern, current_subpattern)
                 blocks.append(block)
             line = line.split()
             assert len(line) == 2
             assert line[1] not in patterns
             current_pattern = line[1]
+            current_subpattern = ""
             patterns[current_pattern] = len(blocks)
+            subpatterns[(current_pattern, current_subpattern)] = len(blocks)
+            subpattern_args[(current_pattern, current_subpattern)] = list()
             state_types[current_pattern] = dict()
             udata_types[current_pattern] = dict()
             continue
 
         assert current_pattern is not None
 
+        if cmd == "subpattern":
+            block = dict()
+            block["type"] = "final"
+            block["pattern"] = (current_pattern, current_subpattern)
+            blocks.append(block)
+            line = line.split()
+            assert len(line) == 2
+            current_subpattern = line[1]
+            subpattern_args[(current_pattern, current_subpattern)] = list()
+            assert (current_pattern, current_subpattern) not in subpatterns
+            subpatterns[(current_pattern, current_subpattern)] = len(blocks)
+            continue
+
+        if cmd == "arg":
+            line = line.split()
+            assert len(line) > 1
+            subpattern_args[(current_pattern, current_subpattern)] += line[1:]
+            continue
+
         if cmd == "state":
             m = re.match(r"^state\s+<(.*?)>\s+(([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*\s+)*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)\s*$", line)
             assert m
@@ -155,11 +183,12 @@ def process_pmgfile(f):
         if cmd == "match":
             block = dict()
             block["type"] = "match"
-            block["pattern"] = current_pattern
+            block["src"] = "%s:%d" % (filename, linenr)
+            block["pattern"] = (current_pattern, current_subpattern)
 
             line = line.split()
             assert len(line) == 2
-            assert line[1] not in state_types[current_pattern]
+            assert (line[1] not in state_types[current_pattern]) or (state_types[current_pattern][line[1]] == "Cell*")
             block["cell"] = line[1]
             state_types[current_pattern][line[1]] = "Cell*";
 
@@ -168,8 +197,10 @@ def process_pmgfile(f):
             block["index"] = list()
             block["filter"] = list()
             block["optional"] = False
+            block["semioptional"] = False
 
             while True:
+                linenr += 1
                 l = f.readline()
                 assert l != ""
                 a = l.split()
@@ -201,31 +232,47 @@ def process_pmgfile(f):
                     block["optional"] = True
                     continue
 
+                if a[0] == "semioptional":
+                    block["semioptional"] = True
+                    continue
+
                 assert False
 
+            if block["optional"]:
+                assert not block["semioptional"]
+
             blocks.append(block)
             continue
 
         if cmd == "code":
             block = dict()
             block["type"] = "code"
-            block["pattern"] = current_pattern
+            block["src"] = "%s:%d" % (filename, linenr)
+            block["pattern"] = (current_pattern, current_subpattern)
 
             block["code"] = list()
+            block["fcode"] = list()
             block["states"] = set()
 
             for s in line.split()[1:]:
                 assert s in state_types[current_pattern]
                 block["states"].add(s)
 
+            codetype = "code"
+
             while True:
+                linenr += 1
                 l = f.readline()
                 assert l != ""
                 a = l.split()
                 if len(a) == 0: continue
                 if a[0] == "endcode": break
 
-                block["code"].append(rewrite_cpp(l.rstrip()))
+                if a[0] == "finally":
+                    codetype = "fcode"
+                    continue
+
+                block[codetype].append(rewrite_cpp(l.rstrip()))
 
             blocks.append(block)
             continue
@@ -234,15 +281,16 @@ def process_pmgfile(f):
 
 for fn in pmgfiles:
     with open(fn, "r") as f:
-        process_pmgfile(f)
+        process_pmgfile(f, fn)
 
 if current_pattern is not None:
     block = dict()
     block["type"] = "final"
-    block["pattern"] = current_pattern
+    block["pattern"] = (current_pattern, current_subpattern)
     blocks.append(block)
 
 current_pattern = None
+current_subpattern = None
 
 if debug:
     pp.pprint(blocks)
@@ -335,7 +383,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         print("    blacklist_dirty = false;", file=f)
         for index in range(len(blocks)):
             block = blocks[index]
-            if block["pattern"] != current_pattern:
+            if block["pattern"] != (current_pattern, current_subpattern):
                 continue
             if block["type"] == "match":
                 print("    if (st_{}.{} != nullptr && blacklist_cells.count(st_{}.{})) {{".format(current_pattern, block["cell"], current_pattern, block["cell"]), file=f)
@@ -429,13 +477,21 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         print("    run_{}([](){{}});".format(current_pattern, current_pattern), file=f)
         print("  }", file=f)
         print("", file=f)
+
+    for p, s in sorted(subpatterns.keys()):
+        print("  void block_subpattern_{}_{}() {{ block_{}(); }}".format(p, s, subpatterns[(p, s)]), file=f)
+
     current_pattern = None
+    current_subpattern = None
 
     for index in range(len(blocks)):
         block = blocks[index]
 
+        if block["type"] in ("match", "code"):
+            print("  // {}".format(block["src"]), file=f)
+
         print("  void block_{}() {{".format(index), file=f)
-        current_pattern = block["pattern"]
+        current_pattern, current_subpattern = block["pattern"]
 
         if block["type"] == "final":
             print("    on_accept();", file=f)
@@ -449,7 +505,10 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         nonconst_st = set()
         restore_st = set()
 
-        for i in range(patterns[current_pattern], index):
+        for s in subpattern_args[(current_pattern, current_subpattern)]:
+            const_st.add(s)
+
+        for i in range(subpatterns[(current_pattern, current_subpattern)], index):
             if blocks[i]["type"] == "code":
                 for s in blocks[i]["states"]:
                     const_st.add(s)
@@ -482,6 +541,10 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             t = state_types[current_pattern][s]
             print("    {} &{} YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = st_{}.{};".format(t, s, current_pattern, s), file=f)
 
+        for u in sorted(udata_types[current_pattern].keys()):
+            t = udata_types[current_pattern][u]
+            print("    {} &{} YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = ud_{}.{};".format(t, u, current_pattern, u), file=f)
+
         if len(restore_st):
             print("", file=f)
             for s in sorted(restore_st):
@@ -490,24 +553,32 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
 
         if block["type"] == "code":
             print("", file=f)
-            print("    do {", file=f)
             print("#define reject do {{ check_blacklist_{}(); goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
             print("#define accept do {{ on_accept(); check_blacklist_{}(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
             print("#define branch do {{ block_{}(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(index+1), file=f)
+            print("#define subpattern(pattern_name) block_subpattern_{}_ ## pattern_name ()".format(current_pattern), file=f)
 
             for line in block["code"]:
-                print("    " + line, file=f)
+                print("  " + line, file=f)
 
             print("", file=f)
-            print("      block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+            print("    block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+
             print("#undef reject", file=f)
             print("#undef accept", file=f)
             print("#undef branch", file=f)
-            print("    } while (0);", file=f)
+            print("#undef subpattern", file=f)
+
             print("", file=f)
             print("rollback_label:", file=f)
             print("    YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused);", file=f)
 
+            if len(block["fcode"]):
+                print("#define accept do {{ on_accept(); check_blacklist_{}(); }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
+                for line in block["fcode"]:
+                    print("  " + line, file=f)
+                print("#undef accept", file=f)
+
             if len(restore_st) or len(nonconst_st):
                 print("", file=f)
                 for s in sorted(restore_st):
@@ -524,12 +595,15 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         elif block["type"] == "match":
             assert len(restore_st) == 0
 
+            print("    Cell* backup_{} = {};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
+
             if len(block["if"]):
                 for expr in block["if"]:
                     print("", file=f)
                     print("    if (!({})) {{".format(expr), file=f)
                     print("      {} = nullptr;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
                     print("      block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+                    print("      {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
                     print("      return;", file=f)
                     print("    }", file=f)
 
@@ -539,16 +613,21 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                 print("    std::get<{}>(key) = {};".format(field, entry[2]), file=f)
             print("    const vector<Cell*> &cells = index_{}[key];".format(index), file=f)
 
+            if block["semioptional"]:
+                print("    bool found_semioptional_match = false;", file=f)
+
             print("", file=f)
             print("    for (int idx = 0; idx < GetSize(cells); idx++) {", file=f)
             print("      {} = cells[idx];".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
             print("      if (blacklist_cells.count({})) continue;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
             for expr in block["filter"]:
                 print("      if (!({})) continue;".format(expr), file=f)
+            if block["semioptional"]:
+                print("      found_semioptional_match = true;", file=f)
             print("      block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
             print("      if (rollback) {", file=f)
             print("        if (rollback != {}) {{".format(index+1), file=f)
-            print("          {} = nullptr;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
+            print("          {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
             print("          return;", file=f)
             print("        }", file=f)
             print("        rollback = 0;", file=f)
@@ -561,6 +640,11 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             if block["optional"]:
                 print("    block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
 
+            if block["semioptional"]:
+                print("    if (!found_semioptional_match) block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+
+            print("    {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
+
         else:
             assert False
 

From 03f98d9176357b73455cf0b2c44ec3897864e893 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 18:35:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 072/197] Add demo_reduce pass to demonstrace recursive pattern
 matching

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/.gitignore      |  1 +
 passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc    |  6 +++
 passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.cc  | 99 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 187 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.cc
 create mode 100644 passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/.gitignore b/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
index 0ad36ea2c..a1fe9a7dc 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
+++ b/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+/demo_reduce_pm.h
 /ice40_dsp_pm.h
 /peepopt_pm.h
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
index 0d977635b..3aaee4047 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ $(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h))
 
 # --------------------------------------
 
+OBJS += passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.o
+passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.o: passes/pmgen/demo_reduce_pm.h
+$(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/demo_reduce_pm.h))
+
+# --------------------------------------
+
 OBJS += passes/pmgen/peepopt.o
 passes/pmgen/peepopt.o: passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h
 $(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h))
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.cc b/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd8c66f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+#include "passes/pmgen/demo_reduce_pm.h"
+
+void create_reduce(demo_reduce_pm &pm)
+{
+	auto &st = pm.st_reduce;
+	auto &ud = pm.ud_reduce;
+
+	if (ud.longest_chain.empty())
+		return;
+
+	log("Found chain of length %d (%s):\n", GetSize(ud.longest_chain), log_id(st.first->type));
+
+	SigSpec A;
+	SigSpec Y = ud.longest_chain.front().first->getPort(ID(Y));
+	auto last_cell = ud.longest_chain.back().first;
+
+	for (auto it : ud.longest_chain) {
+		auto cell = it.first;
+		if (cell == last_cell) {
+			A.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			A.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+		} else {
+			A.append(cell->getPort(it.second == ID(A) ? ID(B) : ID(A)));
+		}
+		log("    %s\n", log_id(cell));
+		pm.autoremove(cell);
+	}
+
+	Cell *c;
+
+	if (last_cell->type == ID($_AND_))
+		c = pm.module->addReduceAnd(NEW_ID, A, Y);
+	else if (last_cell->type == ID($_OR_))
+		c = pm.module->addReduceOr(NEW_ID, A, Y);
+	else if (last_cell->type == ID($_XOR_))
+		c = pm.module->addReduceXor(NEW_ID, A, Y);
+	else
+		log_abort();
+
+	log("    -> %s (%s)\n", log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
+}
+
+struct DemoReducePass : public Pass {
+	DemoReducePass() : Pass("demo_reduce", "map chains of AND/OR/XOR") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    demo_reduce [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Demo for recursive pmgen patterns. Map chains of AND/OR/XOR to $reduce_*.\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing DEMO_REDUCE pass.\n");
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			// if (args[argidx] == "-singleton") {
+			// 	singleton_mode = true;
+			// 	continue;
+			// }
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+			demo_reduce_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_reduce(create_reduce);
+	}
+} DemoReducePass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg b/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddc932de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+pattern reduce
+
+state <IdString> portname
+udata <vector<pair<Cell*, IdString>>> chain longest_chain
+udata <pool<Cell*>> non_first_cells
+
+code
+	non_first_cells.clear();
+	subpattern(setup);
+endcode
+
+match first
+	select first->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
+	filter !non_first_cells.count(first)
+endmatch
+
+code
+	longest_chain.clear();
+	chain.push_back(make_pair(first, \A));
+	subpattern(tail);
+	chain.back().second = \B;
+	subpattern(tail);
+finally
+	chain.pop_back();
+	log_assert(chain.empty());
+endcode
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+subpattern setup
+
+match first
+	select first->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
+endmatch
+
+code portname
+	portname = \A;
+	branch;
+	portname = \B;
+endcode
+
+match next
+	select nusers(port(next, \Y)) == 2
+	select next->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
+	index <IdString> next->type === first->type
+	index <SigSpec> port(next, \Y) === port(first, portname)
+endmatch
+
+code
+	non_first_cells.insert(next);
+	reject;
+endcode
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+subpattern tail
+arg first
+
+match next
+	semioptional
+	select nusers(port(next, \Y)) == 2
+	select next->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
+	index <IdString> next->type === chain.back().first->type
+	index <SigSpec> port(next, \Y) === port(chain.back().first, chain.back().second)
+endmatch
+
+code
+	if (next) {
+		chain.push_back(make_pair(next, \A));
+		subpattern(tail);
+		chain.back().second = \B;
+		subpattern(tail);
+	} else {
+		if (GetSize(chain) > GetSize(longest_chain))
+			longest_chain = chain;
+	}
+	reject;
+finally
+	if (next)
+		chain.pop_back();
+endcode

From 9f98241010481588d643c6d4e24d7b9af2b37c2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 10:05:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 073/197] Transform "$.*" to ID("$.*") in passes/techmap

---
 passes/techmap/abc.cc             | 129 ++++++++++++++--------------
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc            |  42 +++++----
 passes/techmap/aigmap.cc          |   4 +-
 passes/techmap/alumacc.cc         |  26 +++---
 passes/techmap/deminout.cc        |   4 +-
 passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc        |  46 +++++-----
 passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc        |  30 +++----
 passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc       | 136 +++++++++++++++---------------
 passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc       |  16 ++--
 passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc |  14 +--
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc      |  12 +--
 passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc  |  18 ++--
 passes/techmap/flowmap.cc         |   2 +-
 passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc        |   2 +-
 passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc         |   2 +-
 passes/techmap/maccmap.cc         |   6 +-
 passes/techmap/muxcover.cc        |  12 +--
 passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc         |   4 +-
 passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc        |   2 +-
 passes/techmap/shregmap.cc        |  42 ++++-----
 passes/techmap/simplemap.cc       | 136 +++++++++++++++---------------
 passes/techmap/techmap.cc         |   8 +-
 passes/techmap/tribuf.cc          |  12 +--
 passes/techmap/zinit.cc           |  12 +--
 24 files changed, 356 insertions(+), 361 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc.cc b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
index 1de844f2b..afde01cfa 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ void mark_port(RTLIL::SigSpec sig)
 
 void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 {
-	if (cell->type.in("$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 	{
-		if (clk_polarity != (cell->type == "$_DFF_P_"))
+		if (clk_polarity != (cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_)))
 			return;
 		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")))
 			return;
@@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		goto matching_dff;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$_DFFE_NN_", "$_DFFE_NP_", "$_DFFE_PN_", "$_DFFE_PP_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 	{
-		if (clk_polarity != cell->type.in("$_DFFE_PN_", "$_DFFE_PP_"))
+		if (clk_polarity != cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 			return;
-		if (en_polarity != cell->type.in("$_DFFE_NP_", "$_DFFE_PP_"))
+		if (en_polarity != cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 			return;
 		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")))
 			return;
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$_BUF_", "$_NOT_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_BUF_), ID($_NOT_)))
 	{
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
@@ -217,13 +217,13 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_y);
 
-		map_signal(sig_y, cell->type == "$_BUF_" ? G(BUF) : G(NOT), map_signal(sig_a));
+		map_signal(sig_y, cell->type == ID($_BUF_) ? G(BUF) : G(NOT), map_signal(sig_a));
 
 		module->remove(cell);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$_AND_", "$_NAND_", "$_OR_", "$_NOR_", "$_XOR_", "$_XNOR_", "$_ANDNOT_", "$_ORNOT_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_)))
 	{
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
@@ -236,21 +236,21 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		int mapped_a = map_signal(sig_a);
 		int mapped_b = map_signal(sig_b);
 
-		if (cell->type == "$_AND_")
+		if (cell->type == ID($_AND_))
 			map_signal(sig_y, G(AND), mapped_a, mapped_b);
-		else if (cell->type == "$_NAND_")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($_NAND_))
 			map_signal(sig_y, G(NAND), mapped_a, mapped_b);
-		else if (cell->type == "$_OR_")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($_OR_))
 			map_signal(sig_y, G(OR), mapped_a, mapped_b);
-		else if (cell->type == "$_NOR_")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($_NOR_))
 			map_signal(sig_y, G(NOR), mapped_a, mapped_b);
-		else if (cell->type == "$_XOR_")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($_XOR_))
 			map_signal(sig_y, G(XOR), mapped_a, mapped_b);
-		else if (cell->type == "$_XNOR_")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($_XNOR_))
 			map_signal(sig_y, G(XNOR), mapped_a, mapped_b);
-		else if (cell->type == "$_ANDNOT_")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($_ANDNOT_))
 			map_signal(sig_y, G(ANDNOT), mapped_a, mapped_b);
-		else if (cell->type == "$_ORNOT_")
+		else if (cell->type == ID($_ORNOT_))
 			map_signal(sig_y, G(ORNOT), mapped_a, mapped_b);
 		else
 			log_abort();
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$_MUX_", "$_NMUX_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_)))
 	{
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
@@ -275,13 +275,13 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		int mapped_b = map_signal(sig_b);
 		int mapped_s = map_signal(sig_s);
 
-		map_signal(sig_y, cell->type == "$_MUX_" ? G(MUX) : G(NMUX), mapped_a, mapped_b, mapped_s);
+		map_signal(sig_y, cell->type == ID($_MUX_) ? G(MUX) : G(NMUX), mapped_a, mapped_b, mapped_s);
 
 		module->remove(cell);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$_AOI3_", "$_OAI3_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_)))
 	{
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
@@ -297,13 +297,13 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		int mapped_b = map_signal(sig_b);
 		int mapped_c = map_signal(sig_c);
 
-		map_signal(sig_y, cell->type == "$_AOI3_" ? G(AOI3) : G(OAI3), mapped_a, mapped_b, mapped_c);
+		map_signal(sig_y, cell->type == ID($_AOI3_) ? G(AOI3) : G(OAI3), mapped_a, mapped_b, mapped_c);
 
 		module->remove(cell);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$_AOI4_", "$_OAI4_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 	{
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		int mapped_c = map_signal(sig_c);
 		int mapped_d = map_signal(sig_d);
 
-		map_signal(sig_y, cell->type == "$_AOI4_" ? G(AOI4) : G(OAI4), mapped_a, mapped_b, mapped_c, mapped_d);
+		map_signal(sig_y, cell->type == ID($_AOI4_) ? G(AOI4) : G(OAI4), mapped_a, mapped_b, mapped_c, mapped_d);
 
 		module->remove(cell);
 		return;
@@ -352,23 +352,20 @@ std::string remap_name(RTLIL::IdString abc_name, RTLIL::Wire **orig_wire = nullp
 				auto sig = signal_list.at(sid);
 				if (sig.bit.wire != nullptr)
 				{
-					std::stringstream sstr;
-					sstr << "$abc$" << map_autoidx << "$" << sig.bit.wire->name.substr(1);
+					std::string s = stringf("$abc$%d$%s", map_autoidx, sig.bit.wire->name.c_str()+1);
 					if (sig.bit.wire->width != 1)
-						sstr << "[" << sig.bit.offset << "]";
+						s += stringf("[%d]", sig.bit.offset);
 					if (isnew)
-						sstr << "_new";
-					sstr << postfix;
+						s += "_new";
+					s += postfix;
 					if (orig_wire != nullptr)
 						*orig_wire = sig.bit.wire;
-					return sstr.str();
+					return s;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	std::stringstream sstr;
-	sstr << "$abc$" << map_autoidx << "$" << abc_name.substr(1);
-	return sstr.str();
+	return stringf("$abc$%d$%s", map_autoidx, abc_name.c_str()+1);
 }
 
 void dump_loop_graph(FILE *f, int &nr, std::map<int, std::set<int>> &edges, std::set<int> &workpool, std::vector<int> &in_counts)
@@ -939,42 +936,42 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 			log_error("Opening %s for writing failed: %s\n", buffer.c_str(), strerror(errno));
 		fprintf(f, "GATE ZERO    1 Y=CONST0;\n");
 		fprintf(f, "GATE ONE     1 Y=CONST1;\n");
-		fprintf(f, "GATE BUF    %d Y=A;                  PIN * NONINV  1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_BUF_"));
-		fprintf(f, "GATE NOT    %d Y=!A;                 PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_NOT_"));
+		fprintf(f, "GATE BUF    %d Y=A;                  PIN * NONINV  1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_BUF_)));
+		fprintf(f, "GATE NOT    %d Y=!A;                 PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_NOT_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("AND"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE AND    %d Y=A*B;                PIN * NONINV  1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_AND_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE AND    %d Y=A*B;                PIN * NONINV  1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_AND_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("NAND"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE NAND   %d Y=!(A*B);             PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_NAND_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE NAND   %d Y=!(A*B);             PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_NAND_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("OR"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE OR     %d Y=A+B;                PIN * NONINV  1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_OR_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE OR     %d Y=A+B;                PIN * NONINV  1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_OR_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("NOR"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE NOR    %d Y=!(A+B);             PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_NOR_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE NOR    %d Y=!(A+B);             PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_NOR_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("XOR"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE XOR    %d Y=(A*!B)+(!A*B);      PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_XOR_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE XOR    %d Y=(A*!B)+(!A*B);      PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_XOR_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("XNOR"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE XNOR   %d Y=(A*B)+(!A*!B);      PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_XNOR_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE XNOR   %d Y=(A*B)+(!A*!B);      PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_XNOR_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("ANDNOT"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE ANDNOT %d Y=A*!B;               PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_ANDNOT_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE ANDNOT %d Y=A*!B;               PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_ANDNOT_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("ORNOT"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE ORNOT  %d Y=A+!B;               PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_ORNOT_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE ORNOT  %d Y=A+!B;               PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_ORNOT_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("AOI3"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE AOI3   %d Y=!((A*B)+C);         PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_AOI3_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE AOI3   %d Y=!((A*B)+C);         PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_AOI3_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("OAI3"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE OAI3   %d Y=!((A+B)*C);         PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_OAI3_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE OAI3   %d Y=!((A+B)*C);         PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_OAI3_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("AOI4"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE AOI4   %d Y=!((A*B)+(C*D));     PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_AOI4_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE AOI4   %d Y=!((A*B)+(C*D));     PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_AOI4_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("OAI4"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE OAI4   %d Y=!((A+B)*(C+D));     PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_OAI4_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE OAI4   %d Y=!((A+B)*(C+D));     PIN * INV     1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_OAI4_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("MUX"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE MUX    %d Y=(A*B)+(S*B)+(!S*A); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_MUX_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE MUX    %d Y=(A*B)+(S*B)+(!S*A); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_MUX_)));
 		if (enabled_gates.count("NMUX"))
-			fprintf(f, "GATE NMUX   %d Y=!((A*B)+(S*B)+(!S*A)); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at("$_NMUX_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE NMUX   %d Y=!((A*B)+(S*B)+(!S*A)); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", cell_cost.at(ID($_NMUX_)));
 		if (map_mux4)
-			fprintf(f, "GATE MUX4   %d Y=(!S*!T*A)+(S*!T*B)+(!S*T*C)+(S*T*D); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", 2*cell_cost.at("$_MUX_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE MUX4   %d Y=(!S*!T*A)+(S*!T*B)+(!S*T*C)+(S*T*D); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", 2*cell_cost.at(ID($_MUX_)));
 		if (map_mux8)
-			fprintf(f, "GATE MUX8   %d Y=(!S*!T*!U*A)+(S*!T*!U*B)+(!S*T*!U*C)+(S*T*!U*D)+(!S*!T*U*E)+(S*!T*U*F)+(!S*T*U*G)+(S*T*U*H); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", 4*cell_cost.at("$_MUX_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE MUX8   %d Y=(!S*!T*!U*A)+(S*!T*!U*B)+(!S*T*!U*C)+(S*T*!U*D)+(!S*!T*U*E)+(S*!T*U*F)+(!S*T*U*G)+(S*T*U*H); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", 4*cell_cost.at(ID($_MUX_)));
 		if (map_mux16)
-			fprintf(f, "GATE MUX16  %d Y=(!S*!T*!U*!V*A)+(S*!T*!U*!V*B)+(!S*T*!U*!V*C)+(S*T*!U*!V*D)+(!S*!T*U*!V*E)+(S*!T*U*!V*F)+(!S*T*U*!V*G)+(S*T*U*!V*H)+(!S*!T*!U*V*I)+(S*!T*!U*V*J)+(!S*T*!U*V*K)+(S*T*!U*V*L)+(!S*!T*U*V*M)+(S*!T*U*V*N)+(!S*T*U*V*O)+(S*T*U*V*P); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", 8*cell_cost.at("$_MUX_"));
+			fprintf(f, "GATE MUX16  %d Y=(!S*!T*!U*!V*A)+(S*!T*!U*!V*B)+(!S*T*!U*!V*C)+(S*T*!U*!V*D)+(!S*!T*U*!V*E)+(S*!T*U*!V*F)+(!S*T*U*!V*G)+(S*T*U*!V*H)+(!S*!T*!U*V*I)+(S*!T*!U*V*J)+(!S*T*!U*V*K)+(S*T*!U*V*L)+(!S*!T*U*V*M)+(S*!T*U*V*N)+(!S*T*U*V*O)+(S*T*U*V*P); PIN * UNKNOWN 1 999 1 0 1 0\n", 8*cell_cost.at(ID($_MUX_)));
 		fclose(f);
 
 		if (!lut_costs.empty()) {
@@ -1058,7 +1055,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == "\\NOT") {
-					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_NOT_");
+					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_NOT_));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1066,7 +1063,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type.in("\\AND", "\\OR", "\\XOR", "\\NAND", "\\NOR", "\\XNOR", "\\ANDNOT", "\\ORNOT")) {
-					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_" + c->type.substr(1) + "_");
+					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1075,7 +1072,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type.in("\\MUX", "\\NMUX")) {
-					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_" + c->type.substr(1) + "_");
+					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1085,7 +1082,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == "\\MUX4") {
-					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_MUX4_");
+					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX4_));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1098,7 +1095,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == "\\MUX8") {
-					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_MUX8_");
+					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX8_));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1116,7 +1113,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == "\\MUX16") {
-					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_MUX16_");
+					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX16_));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1143,7 +1140,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type.in("\\AOI3", "\\OAI3")) {
-					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_" + c->type.substr(1) + "_");
+					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1153,7 +1150,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type.in("\\AOI4", "\\OAI4")) {
-					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), "$_" + c->type.substr(1) + "_");
+					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
 					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1167,7 +1164,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					log_assert(clk_sig.size() == 1);
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell;
 					if (en_sig.size() == 0) {
-						cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), clk_polarity ? "$_DFF_P_" : "$_DFF_N_");
+						cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), clk_polarity ? ID($_DFF_P_) : ID($_DFF_N_));
 					} else {
 						log_assert(en_sig.size() == 1);
 						cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
@@ -1196,7 +1193,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 				log_assert(clk_sig.size() == 1);
 				RTLIL::Cell *cell;
 				if (en_sig.size() == 0) {
-					cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), clk_polarity ? "$_DFF_P_" : "$_DFF_N_");
+					cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), clk_polarity ? ID($_DFF_P_) : ID($_DFF_N_));
 				} else {
 					log_assert(en_sig.size() == 1);
 					cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
@@ -1210,7 +1207,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (c->type == "$lut" && GetSize(c->getPort("\\A")) == 1 && c->getParam("\\LUT").as_int() == 2) {
+			if (c->type == ID($lut) && GetSize(c->getPort("\\A")) == 1 && c->getParam("\\LUT").as_int() == 2) {
 				SigSpec my_a = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)];
 				SigSpec my_y = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)];
 				module->connect(my_y, my_a);
@@ -1860,15 +1857,15 @@ struct AbcPass : public Pass {
 					}
 				}
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 				{
-					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == "$_DFF_P_", assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
+					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
 				}
 				else
-				if (cell->type.in("$_DFFE_NN_", "$_DFFE_NP_" "$_DFFE_PN_", "$_DFFE_PP_"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 				{
-					bool this_clk_pol = cell->type.in("$_DFFE_PN_", "$_DFFE_PP_");
-					bool this_en_pol = cell->type.in("$_DFFE_NP_", "$_DFFE_PP_");
+					bool this_clk_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
+					bool this_en_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
 					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort("\\E")));
 				}
 				else
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index 7418ed4a3..7db345333 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -71,11 +71,9 @@ RTLIL::Module *module;
 bool clk_polarity, en_polarity;
 RTLIL::SigSpec clk_sig, en_sig;
 
-std::string remap_name(RTLIL::IdString abc_name)
+inline std::string remap_name(RTLIL::IdString abc_name)
 {
-	std::stringstream sstr;
-	sstr << "$abc$" << map_autoidx << "$" << abc_name.substr(1);
-	return sstr.str();
+	return stringf("$abc$%d$%s", map_autoidx, abc_name.c_str()+1);
 }
 
 void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
@@ -446,14 +444,14 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		if (ifs.fail())
 			log_error("Can't open ABC output file `%s'.\n", buffer.c_str());
 		buffer = stringf("%s/%s", tempdir_name.c_str(), "input.sym");
-		log_assert(!design->module("$__abc9__"));
+		log_assert(!design->module(ID($__abc9__)));
 		{
-			AigerReader reader(design, ifs, "$__abc9__", "" /* clk_name */, buffer.c_str() /* map_filename */, true /* wideports */);
+			AigerReader reader(design, ifs, ID($__abc9__), "" /* clk_name */, buffer.c_str() /* map_filename */, true /* wideports */);
 			reader.parse_xaiger();
 		}
 		ifs.close();
 		Pass::call(design, stringf("write_verilog -noexpr -norename"));
-		design->remove(design->module("$__abc9__"));
+		design->remove(design->module(ID($__abc9__)));
 #endif
 
 		design->selection_stack.pop_back();
@@ -518,9 +516,9 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			log_error("Can't open ABC output file `%s'.\n", buffer.c_str());
 
 		buffer = stringf("%s/%s", tempdir_name.c_str(), "input.sym");
-		log_assert(!design->module("$__abc9__"));
+		log_assert(!design->module(ID($__abc9__)));
 
-		AigerReader reader(design, ifs, "$__abc9__", "" /* clk_name */, buffer.c_str() /* map_filename */, true /* wideports */);
+		AigerReader reader(design, ifs, ID($__abc9__), "" /* clk_name */, buffer.c_str() /* map_filename */, true /* wideports */);
 		reader.parse_xaiger(box_lookup);
 		ifs.close();
 
@@ -529,7 +527,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 #endif
 
 		log_header(design, "Re-integrating ABC9 results.\n");
-		RTLIL::Module *mapped_mod = design->module("$__abc9__");
+		RTLIL::Module *mapped_mod = design->module(ID($__abc9__));
 		if (mapped_mod == NULL)
 			log_error("ABC output file does not contain a module `$__abc9__'.\n");
 
@@ -559,7 +557,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		vector<RTLIL::Cell*> boxes;
 		for (const auto &it : module->cells_) {
 			auto cell = it.second;
-			if (cell->type.in("$_AND_", "$_NOT_")) {
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NOT_))) {
 				module->remove(cell);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -577,13 +575,13 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		dict<RTLIL::Cell*,RTLIL::Cell*> not2drivers;
 		dict<SigBit, std::vector<RTLIL::Cell*>> bit2sinks;
 
-		std::map<std::string, int> cell_stats;
+		std::map<IdString, int> cell_stats;
 		for (auto c : mapped_mod->cells())
 		{
 			toposort.node(c->name);
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = nullptr;
-			if (c->type == "$_NOT_") {
+			if (c->type == ID($_NOT_)) {
 				RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = c->getPort("\\A");
 				RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = c->getPort("\\Y");
 				bit_users[a_bit].insert(c->name);
@@ -619,7 +617,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 								RTLIL::SigBit(module->wires_.at(remap_name(y_bit.wire->name)), y_bit.offset),
 								RTLIL::Const::from_string("01"));
 						bit2sinks[cell->getPort("\\A")].push_back(cell);
-						cell_stats["$lut"]++;
+						cell_stats[ID($lut)]++;
 					}
 					else
 						not2drivers[c] = driver_lut;
@@ -633,7 +631,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *existing_cell = nullptr;
-			if (c->type == "$lut") {
+			if (c->type == ID($lut)) {
 				if (GetSize(c->getPort("\\A")) == 1 && c->getParam("\\LUT") == RTLIL::Const::from_string("01")) {
 					SigSpec my_a = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name));
 					SigSpec my_y = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name));
@@ -747,7 +745,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		for (auto ii = toposort.sorted.rbegin(); ii != toposort.sorted.rend(); ii++) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *not_cell = mapped_mod->cell(*ii);
 			log_assert(not_cell);
-			if (not_cell->type != "$_NOT_")
+			if (not_cell->type != ID($_NOT_))
 				continue;
 			auto it = not2drivers.find(not_cell);
 			if (it == not2drivers.end())
@@ -765,7 +763,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 				goto clone_lut;
 
 			for (auto sink_cell : jt->second)
-				if (sink_cell->type != "$lut")
+				if (sink_cell->type != ID($lut))
 					goto clone_lut;
 
 			// Push downstream LUTs past inverter
@@ -1153,15 +1151,15 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 					}
 				}
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 				{
-					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == "$_DFF_P_", assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
+					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
 				}
 				else
-				if (cell->type.in("$_DFFE_NN_", "$_DFFE_NP_", "$_DFFE_PN_", "$_DFFE_PP_"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 				{
-					bool this_clk_pol = cell->type.in("$_DFFE_PN_", "$_DFFE_PP_");
-					bool this_en_pol = cell->type.in("$_DFFE_NP_", "$_DFFE_PP_");
+					bool this_clk_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
+					bool this_en_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
 					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort("\\E")));
 				}
 				else
diff --git a/passes/techmap/aigmap.cc b/passes/techmap/aigmap.cc
index 2423676cb..1d5e1286b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/aigmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/aigmap.cc
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ struct AigmapPass : public Pass {
 			{
 				Aig aig(cell);
 
-				if (cell->type.in("$_AND_", "$_NOT_"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NOT_)))
 					aig.name.clear();
 
-				if (nand_mode && cell->type == "$_NAND_")
+				if (nand_mode && cell->type == ID($_NAND_))
 					aig.name.clear();
 
 				if (aig.name.empty()) {
diff --git a/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc b/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
index 5c9e42fd4..25ccd48c4 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 	{
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
-			if (!cell->type.in("$pos", "$neg", "$add", "$sub", "$mul"))
+			if (!cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($neg), ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul)))
 				continue;
 
 			log("  creating $macc model for %s (%s).\n", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
@@ -140,15 +140,15 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			for (auto bit : n->y)
 				n->users = max(n->users, bit_users.at(bit) - 1);
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$pos", "$neg"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($neg)))
 			{
 				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
 				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
-				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == "$neg";
+				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == ID($neg);
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$add", "$sub"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub)))
 			{
 				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
 				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
@@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
 				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool();
-				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == "$sub";
+				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == ID($sub);
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 			}
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$mul"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mul)))
 			{
 				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
 				new_port.in_b = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 		for (auto &it : sig_macc)
 		{
 			auto n = it.second;
-			auto cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$macc");
+			auto cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($macc));
 
 			macc_counter++;
 
@@ -376,9 +376,9 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type.in("$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt)))
 				lge_cells.push_back(cell);
-			if (cell->type.in("$eq", "$eqx", "$ne", "$nex"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx), ID($ne), ID($nex)))
 				eq_cells.push_back(cell);
 		}
 
@@ -386,8 +386,8 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 		{
 			log("  creating $alu model for %s (%s):", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
 
-			bool cmp_less = cell->type.in("$lt", "$le");
-			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in("$le", "$ge");
+			bool cmp_less = cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le));
+			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in(ID($le), ID($ge));
 			bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
 
 			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : eq_cells)
 		{
-			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in("$eq", "$eqx");
+			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx));
 			bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
 
 			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 				goto delete_node;
 			}
 
-			n->alu_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$alu");
+			n->alu_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($alu));
 			alu_counter++;
 
 			log("  creating $alu cell for ");
diff --git a/passes/techmap/deminout.cc b/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
index 142d12bdc..568c6cb59 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ struct DeminoutPass : public Pass {
 						for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second))
 							bits_used.insert(bit);
 
-					if (conn.first == "\\Y" && cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux", "$_MUX_", "$_TBUF_", "$tribuf"))
+					if (conn.first == "\\Y" && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf)))
 					{
-						bool tribuf = cell->type.in("$_TBUF_", "$tribuf");
+						bool tribuf = cell->type.in(ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf));
 
 						if (!tribuf) {
 							for (auto &c : cell->connections()) {
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
index c0bf3a665..044b0a621 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 		}
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-			if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$pmux", "$_MUX_")) {
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_))) {
 				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++)
 					bit2mux[sig_y[i]] = cell_int_t(cell, i);
 			}
 			if (direct_dict.empty()) {
-				if (cell->type.in("$dff", "$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_P_"))
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($dff), ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 					dff_cells.push_back(cell);
 			} else {
 				if (direct_dict.count(cell->type))
@@ -211,13 +211,13 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				dff_cell->setPort("\\E", make_patterns_logic(it.first, true));
 				dff_cell->type = direct_dict.at(dff_cell->type);
 			} else
-			if (dff_cell->type == "$dff") {
+			if (dff_cell->type == ID($dff)) {
 				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffe(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort("\\CLK"), make_patterns_logic(it.first, false),
 						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->getParam("\\CLK_POLARITY").as_bool(), true);
 				log("  created $dffe cell %s for %s -> %s.\n", log_id(new_cell), log_signal(new_sig_d), log_signal(new_sig_q));
 			} else {
 				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffeGate(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort("\\C"), make_patterns_logic(it.first, true),
-						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->type == "$_DFF_P_", true);
+						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), true);
 				log("  created %s cell %s for %s -> %s.\n", log_id(new_cell->type), log_id(new_cell), log_signal(new_sig_d), log_signal(new_sig_q));
 			}
 		}
@@ -316,25 +316,25 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 			if (args[argidx] == "-direct-match" && argidx + 1 < args.size()) {
 				bool found_match = false;
 				const char *pattern = args[++argidx].c_str();
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_P_"  )) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_P_"  ] = "$_DFFE_PP_";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_N_"  )) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_N_"  ] = "$_DFFE_NP_";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_NN0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_NN0_"] = "$__DFFE_NN0";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_NN1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_NN1_"] = "$__DFFE_NN1";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_NP0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_NP0_"] = "$__DFFE_NP0";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_NP1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_NP1_"] = "$__DFFE_NP1";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_PN0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_PN0_"] = "$__DFFE_PN0";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_PN1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_PN1_"] = "$__DFFE_PN1";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_PP0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_PP0_"] = "$__DFFE_PP0";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_PP1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$_DFF_PP1_"] = "$__DFFE_PP1";
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_P_"  )) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_P_)  ] = ID($_DFFE_PP_);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_N_"  )) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_N_)  ] = ID($_DFFE_NP_);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_NN0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_NN0_)] = ID($__DFFE_NN0);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_NN1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_NN1_)] = ID($__DFFE_NN1);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_NP0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_NP0_)] = ID($__DFFE_NP0);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_NP1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_NP1_)] = ID($__DFFE_NP1);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_PN0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_PN0_)] = ID($__DFFE_PN0);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_PN1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_PN1_)] = ID($__DFFE_PN1);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_PP0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_PP0_)] = ID($__DFFE_PP0);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$_DFF_PP1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($_DFF_PP1_)] = ID($__DFFE_PP1);
 
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_NN0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$__DFFS_NN0_"] = "$__DFFSE_NN0";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_NN1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$__DFFS_NN1_"] = "$__DFFSE_NN1";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_NP0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$__DFFS_NP0_"] = "$__DFFSE_NP0";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_NP1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$__DFFS_NP1_"] = "$__DFFSE_NP1";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_PN0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$__DFFS_PN0_"] = "$__DFFSE_PN0";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_PN1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$__DFFS_PN1_"] = "$__DFFSE_PN1";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_PP0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$__DFFS_PP0_"] = "$__DFFSE_PP0";
-				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_PP1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict["$__DFFS_PP1_"] = "$__DFFSE_PP1";
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_NN0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($__DFFS_NN0_)] = ID($__DFFSE_NN0);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_NN1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($__DFFS_NN1_)] = ID($__DFFSE_NN1);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_NP0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($__DFFS_NP0_)] = ID($__DFFSE_NP0);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_NP1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($__DFFS_NP1_)] = ID($__DFFSE_NP1);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_PN0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($__DFFS_PN0_)] = ID($__DFFSE_PN0);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_PN1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($__DFFS_PN1_)] = ID($__DFFSE_PN1);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_PP0_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($__DFFS_PP0_)] = ID($__DFFSE_PP0);
+				if (patmatch(pattern, "$__DFFS_PP1_")) found_match = true, direct_dict[ID($__DFFS_PP1_)] = ID($__DFFSE_PP1);
 				if (!found_match)
 					log_cmd_error("No cell types matched pattern '%s'.\n", pattern);
 				continue;
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 				if (unmap_mode) {
 					SigMap sigmap(mod);
 					for (auto cell : mod->selected_cells()) {
-						if (cell->type == "$dffe") {
+						if (cell->type == ID($dffe)) {
 							if (min_ce_use >= 0) {
 								int ce_use = 0;
 								for (auto cell_other : mod->selected_cells()) {
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
index 39a4f6ade..1fe225aa1 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
 		pool<IdString> dff_types;
-		dff_types.insert("$_DFF_N_");
-		dff_types.insert("$_DFF_P_");
+		dff_types.insert(ID($_DFF_N_));
+		dff_types.insert(ID($_DFF_P_));
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				if (cell->type != "$_MUX_")
+				if (cell->type != ID($_MUX_))
 					continue;
 
 				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
@@ -114,22 +114,22 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 				}
 
 				if (sr_val == State::S1) {
-					if (cell->type == "$_DFF_N_") {
-						if (invert_sr) cell->type = "$__DFFS_NN1_";
-						else cell->type = "$__DFFS_NP1_";
+					if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_N_)) {
+						if (invert_sr) cell->type = ID($__DFFS_NN1_);
+						else cell->type = ID($__DFFS_NP1_);
 					} else {
-						log_assert(cell->type == "$_DFF_P_");
-						if (invert_sr) cell->type = "$__DFFS_PN1_";
-						else cell->type = "$__DFFS_PP1_";
+						log_assert(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_));
+						if (invert_sr) cell->type = ID($__DFFS_PN1_);
+						else cell->type = ID($__DFFS_PP1_);
 					}
 				} else {
-					if (cell->type == "$_DFF_N_") {
-						if (invert_sr) cell->type = "$__DFFS_NN0_";
-						else cell->type = "$__DFFS_NP0_";
+					if (cell->type == ID($_DFF_N_)) {
+						if (invert_sr) cell->type = ID($__DFFS_NN0_);
+						else cell->type = ID($__DFFS_NP0_);
 					} else {
-						log_assert(cell->type == "$_DFF_P_");
-						if (invert_sr) cell->type = "$__DFFS_PN0_";
-						else cell->type = "$__DFFS_PP0_";
+						log_assert(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_));
+						if (invert_sr) cell->type = ID($__DFFS_PN0_);
+						else cell->type = ID($__DFFS_PP0_);
 					}
 				}
 				cell->setPort("\\R", sr_sig);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
index b5c0498d0..abe73c258 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 struct cell_mapping {
-	std::string cell_name;
-	std::map<std::string, char> ports;
+	IdString cell_name;
+	std::map<IdString, char> ports;
 };
 static std::map<RTLIL::IdString, cell_mapping> cell_mappings;
 
-static void logmap(std::string dff)
+static void logmap(IdString dff)
 {
 	if (cell_mappings.count(dff) == 0) {
 		log("    unmapped dff cell: %s\n", dff.c_str());
@@ -54,26 +54,26 @@ static void logmap(std::string dff)
 
 static void logmap_all()
 {
-	logmap("$_DFF_N_");
-	logmap("$_DFF_P_");
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_N_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_P_));
 
-	logmap("$_DFF_NN0_");
-	logmap("$_DFF_NN1_");
-	logmap("$_DFF_NP0_");
-	logmap("$_DFF_NP1_");
-	logmap("$_DFF_PN0_");
-	logmap("$_DFF_PN1_");
-	logmap("$_DFF_PP0_");
-	logmap("$_DFF_PP1_");
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_NN0_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_NN1_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_NP0_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_NP1_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_PN0_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_PN1_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_PP0_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFF_PP1_));
 
-	logmap("$_DFFSR_NNN_");
-	logmap("$_DFFSR_NNP_");
-	logmap("$_DFFSR_NPN_");
-	logmap("$_DFFSR_NPP_");
-	logmap("$_DFFSR_PNN_");
-	logmap("$_DFFSR_PNP_");
-	logmap("$_DFFSR_PPN_");
-	logmap("$_DFFSR_PPP_");
+	logmap(ID($_DFFSR_NNN_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFFSR_NNP_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFFSR_NPN_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFFSR_NPP_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFFSR_PNN_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFFSR_PNP_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFFSR_PPN_));
+	logmap(ID($_DFFSR_PPP_));
 }
 
 static bool parse_pin(LibertyAst *cell, LibertyAst *attr, std::string &pin_name, bool &pin_pol)
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ static bool parse_pin(LibertyAst *cell, LibertyAst *attr, std::string &pin_name,
 	return false;
 }
 
-static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, std::string cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has_reset, bool rstpol, bool rstval, bool prepare_mode)
+static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has_reset, bool rstpol, bool rstval, bool prepare_mode)
 {
 	LibertyAst *best_cell = NULL;
-	std::map<std::string, char> best_cell_ports;
+	std::map<IdString, char> best_cell_ports;
 	int best_cell_pins = 0;
 	bool best_cell_noninv = false;
 	double best_cell_area = 0;
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, std::string cell_type, bool clkpol, bool
 				continue;
 		}
 
-		std::map<std::string, char> this_cell_ports;
+		std::map<IdString, char> this_cell_ports;
 		this_cell_ports[cell_clk_pin] = 'C';
 		if (has_reset)
 			this_cell_ports[cell_rst_pin] = 'R';
@@ -236,10 +236,10 @@ static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, std::string cell_type, bool clkpol, bool
 	}
 }
 
-static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, std::string cell_type, bool clkpol, bool setpol, bool clrpol, bool prepare_mode)
+static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool setpol, bool clrpol, bool prepare_mode)
 {
 	LibertyAst *best_cell = NULL;
-	std::map<std::string, char> best_cell_ports;
+	std::map<IdString, char> best_cell_ports;
 	int best_cell_pins = 0;
 	bool best_cell_noninv = false;
 	double best_cell_area = 0;
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, std::string cell_type, bool clkpol, bo
 		if (!parse_pin(cell, ff->find("clear"), cell_clr_pin, cell_clr_pol) || cell_clr_pol != clrpol)
 			continue;
 
-		std::map<std::string, char> this_cell_ports;
+		std::map<IdString, char> this_cell_ports;
 		this_cell_ports[cell_clk_pin] = 'C';
 		this_cell_ports[cell_set_pin] = 'S';
 		this_cell_ports[cell_clr_pin] = 'R';
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ static bool expand_cellmap(std::string pattern, std::string inv)
 	return return_status;
 }
 
-static void map_sr_to_arst(const char *from, const char *to)
+static void map_sr_to_arst(IdString from, IdString to)
 {
 	if (!cell_mappings.count(from) || cell_mappings.count(to) > 0)
 		return;
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ static void map_sr_to_arst(const char *from, const char *to)
 	log_assert(from_clk_pol == to_clk_pol);
 	log_assert(to_rst_pol == from_set_pol && to_rst_pol == from_clr_pol);
 
-	log("  create mapping for %s from mapping for %s.\n", to, from);
+	log("  create mapping for %s from mapping for %s.\n", to.c_str(), from.c_str());
 	cell_mappings[to].cell_name = cell_mappings[from].cell_name;
 	cell_mappings[to].ports = cell_mappings[from].ports;
 
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ static void map_sr_to_arst(const char *from, const char *to)
 	}
 }
 
-static void map_adff_to_dff(const char *from, const char *to)
+static void map_adff_to_dff(IdString from, IdString to)
 {
 	if (!cell_mappings.count(from) || cell_mappings.count(to) > 0)
 		return;
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ static void map_adff_to_dff(const char *from, const char *to)
 
 	log_assert(from_clk_pol == to_clk_pol);
 
-	log("  create mapping for %s from mapping for %s.\n", to, from);
+	log("  create mapping for %s from mapping for %s.\n", to.c_str(), from.c_str());
 	cell_mappings[to].cell_name = cell_mappings[from].cell_name;
 	cell_mappings[to].ports = cell_mappings[from].ports;
 
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 	for (auto &it : module->cells_) {
 		if (design->selected(module, it.second) && cell_mappings.count(it.second->type) > 0)
 			cell_list.push_back(it.second);
-		if (it.second->type == "$_NOT_")
+		if (it.second->type == ID($_NOT_))
 			notmap[sigmap(it.second->getPort("\\A"))].insert(it.second);
 	}
 
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 		module->remove(cell);
 
 		cell_mapping &cm = cell_mappings[cell_type];
-		RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addCell(cell_name, prepare_mode ? cm.cell_name : "\\" + cm.cell_name);
+		RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addCell(cell_name, prepare_mode ? cm.cell_name : "\\" + cm.cell_name.str());
 
 		new_cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 				sig = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 			} else
 				log_abort();
-			new_cell->setPort("\\" + port.first, sig);
+			new_cell->setPort("\\" + port.first.str(), sig);
 		}
 
 		stats[stringf("  mapped %%d %s cells to %s cells.\n", cell_type.c_str(), new_cell->type.c_str())]++;
@@ -599,26 +599,26 @@ struct DfflibmapPass : public Pass {
 		LibertyParser libparser(f);
 		f.close();
 
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_N_", false, false, false, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_P_", true, false, false, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_N_), false, false, false, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_P_), true, false, false, false, prepare_mode);
 
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_NN0_", false, true, false, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_NN1_", false, true, false, true, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_NP0_", false, true, true, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_NP1_", false, true, true, true, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_PN0_", true, true, false, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_PN1_", true, true, false, true, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_PP0_", true, true, true, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, "$_DFF_PP1_", true, true, true, true, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NN0_), false, true, false, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NN1_), false, true, false, true, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NP0_), false, true, true, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NP1_), false, true, true, true, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PN0_), true, true, false, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PN1_), true, true, false, true, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PP0_), true, true, true, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PP1_), true, true, true, true, prepare_mode);
 
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, "$_DFFSR_NNN_", false, false, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, "$_DFFSR_NNP_", false, false, true, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, "$_DFFSR_NPN_", false, true, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, "$_DFFSR_NPP_", false, true, true, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, "$_DFFSR_PNN_", true, false, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, "$_DFFSR_PNP_", true, false, true, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, "$_DFFSR_PPN_", true, true, false, prepare_mode);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, "$_DFFSR_PPP_", true, true, true, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NNN_), false, false, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NNP_), false, false, true, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NPN_), false, true, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NPP_), false, true, true, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PNN_), true, false, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PNP_), true, false, true, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PPN_), true, true, false, prepare_mode);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PPP_), true, true, true, prepare_mode);
 
 		// try to implement as many cells as possible just by inverting
 		// the SET and RESET pins. If necessary, implement cell types
@@ -642,23 +642,23 @@ struct DfflibmapPass : public Pass {
 			break;
 		}
 
-		map_sr_to_arst("$_DFFSR_NNN_", "$_DFF_NN0_");
-		map_sr_to_arst("$_DFFSR_NNN_", "$_DFF_NN1_");
-		map_sr_to_arst("$_DFFSR_NPP_", "$_DFF_NP0_");
-		map_sr_to_arst("$_DFFSR_NPP_", "$_DFF_NP1_");
-		map_sr_to_arst("$_DFFSR_PNN_", "$_DFF_PN0_");
-		map_sr_to_arst("$_DFFSR_PNN_", "$_DFF_PN1_");
-		map_sr_to_arst("$_DFFSR_PPP_", "$_DFF_PP0_");
-		map_sr_to_arst("$_DFFSR_PPP_", "$_DFF_PP1_");
+		map_sr_to_arst(ID($_DFFSR_NNN_), ID($_DFF_NN0_));
+		map_sr_to_arst(ID($_DFFSR_NNN_), ID($_DFF_NN1_));
+		map_sr_to_arst(ID($_DFFSR_NPP_), ID($_DFF_NP0_));
+		map_sr_to_arst(ID($_DFFSR_NPP_), ID($_DFF_NP1_));
+		map_sr_to_arst(ID($_DFFSR_PNN_), ID($_DFF_PN0_));
+		map_sr_to_arst(ID($_DFFSR_PNN_), ID($_DFF_PN1_));
+		map_sr_to_arst(ID($_DFFSR_PPP_), ID($_DFF_PP0_));
+		map_sr_to_arst(ID($_DFFSR_PPP_), ID($_DFF_PP1_));
 
-		map_adff_to_dff("$_DFF_NN0_", "$_DFF_N_");
-		map_adff_to_dff("$_DFF_NN1_", "$_DFF_N_");
-		map_adff_to_dff("$_DFF_NP0_", "$_DFF_N_");
-		map_adff_to_dff("$_DFF_NP1_", "$_DFF_N_");
-		map_adff_to_dff("$_DFF_PN0_", "$_DFF_P_");
-		map_adff_to_dff("$_DFF_PN1_", "$_DFF_P_");
-		map_adff_to_dff("$_DFF_PP0_", "$_DFF_P_");
-		map_adff_to_dff("$_DFF_PP1_", "$_DFF_P_");
+		map_adff_to_dff(ID($_DFF_NN0_), ID($_DFF_N_));
+		map_adff_to_dff(ID($_DFF_NN1_), ID($_DFF_N_));
+		map_adff_to_dff(ID($_DFF_NP0_), ID($_DFF_N_));
+		map_adff_to_dff(ID($_DFF_NP1_), ID($_DFF_N_));
+		map_adff_to_dff(ID($_DFF_PN0_), ID($_DFF_P_));
+		map_adff_to_dff(ID($_DFF_PN1_), ID($_DFF_P_));
+		map_adff_to_dff(ID($_DFF_PP0_), ID($_DFF_P_));
+		map_adff_to_dff(ID($_DFF_PP1_), ID($_DFF_P_));
 
 		log("  final dff cell mappings:\n");
 		logmap_all();
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc b/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
index 086a1d2fa..f69083c4c 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 {
-	if (cell->type == "$dffsr")
+	if (cell->type == ID($dffsr))
 	{
 		int width = cell->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
 		bool setpol = cell->getParam("\\SET_POLARITY").as_bool();
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 			cell->setParam("\\ARST_POLARITY", clrpol);
 		}
 
-		cell->type = "$adff";
+		cell->type = ID($adff);
 		cell->unsetPort("\\SET");
 		cell->unsetPort("\\CLR");
 		cell->setParam("\\ARST_VALUE", reset_val);
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$_DFFSR_NNN_", "$_DFFSR_NNP_", "$_DFFSR_NPN_", "$_DFFSR_NPP_",
-			"$_DFFSR_PNN_", "$_DFFSR_PNP_", "$_DFFSR_PPN_", "$_DFFSR_PPP_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFSR_NNN_), ID($_DFFSR_NNP_), ID($_DFFSR_NPN_), ID($_DFFSR_NPP_),
+			ID($_DFFSR_PNN_), ID($_DFFSR_PNP_), ID($_DFFSR_PPN_), ID($_DFFSR_PPP_)))
 	{
 		char clkpol = cell->type.c_str()[8];
 		char setpol = cell->type.c_str()[9];
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 
 void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 {
-	if (cell->type == "$adff")
+	if (cell->type == ID($adff))
 	{
 		bool rstpol = cell->getParam("\\ARST_POLARITY").as_bool();
 		SigBit rstunused = rstpol ? State::S0 : State::S1;
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 
 		log("Converting %s cell %s.%s to $dff.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(module), log_id(cell));
 
-		cell->type = "$dff";
+		cell->type = ID($dff);
 		cell->unsetPort("\\ARST");
 		cell->unsetParam("\\ARST_VALUE");
 		cell->unsetParam("\\ARST_POLARITY");
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type.in("$_DFF_NN0_", "$_DFF_NN1_", "$_DFF_NP0_", "$_DFF_NP1_",
-			"$_DFF_PN0_", "$_DFF_PN1_", "$_DFF_PP0_", "$_DFF_PP1_"))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFF_NN0_), ID($_DFF_NN1_), ID($_DFF_NP0_), ID($_DFF_NP1_),
+			ID($_DFF_PN0_), ID($_DFF_PN1_), ID($_DFF_PP0_), ID($_DFF_PP1_)))
 	{
 		char clkpol = cell->type.c_str()[6];
 		char rstpol = cell->type.c_str()[7];
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
index a8d0bc834..7f3573ae4 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 		return 9;
 	Cell* count_mux = *y_loads.begin();
 	extract.count_mux = count_mux;
-	if(count_mux->type != "$mux")
+	if(count_mux->type != ID($mux))
 		return 10;
 	if(!is_full_bus(aluy, index, cell, "\\Y", count_mux, "\\A"))
 		return 11;
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	Cell* underflow_inv = NULL;
 	for(auto c : muxsel_conns)
 	{
-		if(c->type != "$logic_not")
+		if(c->type != ID($logic_not))
 			continue;
 		if(!is_full_bus(muxsel, index, c, "\\Y", count_mux, "\\S", true))
 			continue;
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	Cell* count_reg = muxload;
 	Cell* cemux = NULL;
 	RTLIL::SigSpec cey;
-	if(muxload->type == "$mux")
+	if(muxload->type == ID($mux))
 	{
 		//This mux is probably a clock enable mux.
 		//Find our count register (should be our only load)
@@ -232,9 +232,9 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 		extract.has_ce = false;
 
 	extract.count_reg = count_reg;
-	if(count_reg->type == "$dff")
+	if(count_reg->type == ID($dff))
 		extract.has_reset = false;
-	else if(count_reg->type == "$adff")
+	else if(count_reg->type == ID($adff))
 	{
 		extract.has_reset = true;
 
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ void counter_worker(
 	SigMap& sigmap = index.sigmap;
 
 	//Core of the counter must be an ALU
-	if (cell->type != "$alu")
+	if (cell->type != ID($alu))
 		return;
 
 	//A input is the count value. Check if it has COUNT_EXTRACT set.
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ void counter_worker(
 	cell->unsetParam("\\Y_WIDTH");
 
 	//Change the cell type
-	cell->type = "$__COUNT_";
+	cell->type = ID($__COUNT_);
 
 	//Hook up resets
 	if(extract.has_reset)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index 8f195a90a..710581e16 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 	{
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type.in( "$_BUF_", "$_NOT_", "$_AND_", "$_NAND_", "$_OR_", "$_NOR_",
-					"$_XOR_", "$_XNOR_", "$_ANDNOT_", "$_ORNOT_", "$_MUX_", "$_NMUX_",
-					"$_AOI3_", "$_OAI3_", "$_AOI4_", "$_OAI4_"))
+			if (cell->type.in( ID($_BUF_), ID($_NOT_), ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_),
+					ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_), ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_),
+					ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_), ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 			{
 				SigBit y = sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort("\\Y")));
 				log_assert(driver.count(y) == 0);
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 
 		for (auto it : driver)
 		{
-			if (it.second->type.in("$_BUF_", "$_NOT_"))
+			if (it.second->type.in(ID($_BUF_), ID($_NOT_)))
 				continue;
 
 			SigBit root = it.first;
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$fa");
+					Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
 					cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", 1);
 
 					log("      Created $fa cell %s.\n", log_id(cell));
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$fa");
+					Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
 					cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", 1);
 
 					log("      Created $fa cell %s.\n", log_id(cell));
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
index a77bbc0b7..a126bff9a 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 
 	inline bool IsRightType(Cell* cell, GateType gt)
 	{
-		return (cell->type == "$_AND_" && gt == GateType::And) ||
-				(cell->type == "$_OR_" && gt == GateType::Or) ||
-				(cell->type == "$_XOR_" && gt == GateType::Xor);
+		return (cell->type == ID($_AND_) && gt == GateType::And) ||
+				(cell->type == ID($_OR_) && gt == GateType::Or) ||
+				(cell->type == ID($_XOR_) && gt == GateType::Xor);
 	}
 
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 
 				GateType gt;
 
-				if (cell->type == "$_AND_")
+				if (cell->type == ID($_AND_))
 					gt = GateType::And;
-				else if (cell->type == "$_OR_")
+				else if (cell->type == ID($_OR_))
 					gt = GateType::Or;
-				else if (cell->type == "$_XOR_")
+				else if (cell->type == ID($_XOR_))
 					gt = GateType::Xor;
 				else
 					continue;
@@ -291,9 +291,9 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 						SigBit output = sigmap(head_cell->getPort("\\Y")[0]);
 
 						auto new_reduce_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID,
-							gt == GateType::And ? "$reduce_and" :
-							gt == GateType::Or ? "$reduce_or" :
-							gt == GateType::Xor ? "$reduce_xor" : "");
+							gt == GateType::And ? ID($reduce_and) :
+							gt == GateType::Or ? ID($reduce_or) :
+							gt == GateType::Xor ? ID($reduce_xor) : "");
 						new_reduce_cell->setParam("\\A_SIGNED", 0);
 						new_reduce_cell->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", input.size());
 						new_reduce_cell->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", 1);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc b/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
index 96d0df5f8..90eb4869d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
@@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ struct FlowmapPass : public Pass {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			cell_types = {"$_NOT_", "$_AND_", "$_OR_", "$_XOR_", "$_MUX_"};
+			cell_types = {ID($_NOT_), ID($_AND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_MUX_)};
 		}
 
 		const char *algo_r = relax ? "-r" : "";
diff --git a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
index efcc082d5..630544d24 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 				SigMap rewrites;
 
 				for (auto cell : module->cells())
-					if (cell->type == "$_TBUF_") {
+					if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_)) {
 						SigBit bit = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y").as_bit());
 						tbuf_bits[bit].first = cell->name;
 					}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc b/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
index a4ed79550..27c8175dd 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct Lut2muxPass : public Pass {
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells()) {
-			if (cell->type == "$lut") {
+			if (cell->type == ID($lut)) {
 				IdString cell_name = cell->name;
 				int count = lut2mux(cell);
 				log("Converted %s.%s to %d MUX cells.\n", log_id(module), log_id(cell_name), count);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc b/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
index 59e58e4db..7b7af8f04 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 			RTLIL::Wire *w1 = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 			RTLIL::Wire *w2 = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 
-			RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$fa");
+			RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
 			cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", width);
 			cell->setPort("\\A", in1);
 			cell->setPort("\\B", in2);
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 		}
 
 
-		RTLIL::Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$alu");
+		RTLIL::Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($alu));
 		c->setPort("\\A", summands.front());
 		c->setPort("\\B", summands.back());
 		c->setPort("\\CI", State::S0);
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ struct MaccmapPass : public Pass {
 
 		for (auto mod : design->selected_modules())
 		for (auto cell : mod->selected_cells())
-			if (cell->type == "$macc") {
+			if (cell->type == ID($macc)) {
 				log("Mapping %s.%s (%s).\n", log_id(mod), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
 				maccmap(mod, cell, unmap_mode);
 				mod->remove(cell);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc b/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
index 81546249c..213441cc8 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
@@ -116,12 +116,12 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 				if (!cell->input(conn.first))
 					continue;
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second)) {
-					if (used_once.count(bit) || cell->type != "$_MUX_" || conn.first == "\\S")
+					if (used_once.count(bit) || cell->type != ID($_MUX_) || conn.first == "\\S")
 						roots.insert(bit);
 					used_once.insert(bit);
 				}
 			}
-			if (cell->type == "$_MUX_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_))
 				sig_to_mux[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))] = cell;
 		}
 
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 2) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[0]++;
-			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_MUX_");
+			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
 			cell->setPort("\\A", mux.inputs[0]);
 			cell->setPort("\\B", mux.inputs[1]);
 			cell->setPort("\\S", mux.selects[0]);
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 4) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[1]++;
-			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_MUX4_");
+			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX4_));
 			cell->setPort("\\A", mux.inputs[0]);
 			cell->setPort("\\B", mux.inputs[1]);
 			cell->setPort("\\C", mux.inputs[2]);
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 8) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[2]++;
-			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_MUX8_");
+			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX8_));
 			cell->setPort("\\A", mux.inputs[0]);
 			cell->setPort("\\B", mux.inputs[1]);
 			cell->setPort("\\C", mux.inputs[2]);
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 16) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[3]++;
-			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_MUX16_");
+			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX16_));
 			cell->setPort("\\A", mux.inputs[0]);
 			cell->setPort("\\B", mux.inputs[1]);
 			cell->setPort("\\C", mux.inputs[2]);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc b/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
index cc765d89c..0a49dd302 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ struct NlutmapWorker
 
 			for (auto cell : module->cells())
 			{
-				if (cell->type != "$lut" || mapped_cells.count(cell))
+				if (cell->type != ID($lut) || mapped_cells.count(cell))
 					continue;
 
 				if (GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")) == lut_size || lut_size == 2)
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ struct NlutmapWorker
 
 		if (config.assert_mode) {
 			for (auto cell : module->cells())
-				if (cell->type == "$lut" && !mapped_cells.count(cell))
+				if (cell->type == ID($lut) && !mapped_cells.count(cell))
 					log_error("Insufficient number of LUTs to map all logic cells!\n");
 		}
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc b/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
index 6a923f481..38caf7bb3 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ struct PmuxtreePass : public Pass {
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type != "$pmux")
+			if (cell->type != ID($pmux))
 				continue;
 
 			SigSpec sig_data = cell->getPort("\\B");
diff --git a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
index 959db7627..d265f6c86 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
@@ -104,14 +104,14 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 	{
 		for (const auto &i : module->cells_) {
 			auto cell = i.second;
-			if (cell->type == "$shiftx") {
+			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx)) {
 				if (cell->getParam("\\Y_WIDTH") != 1) continue;
 				int j = 0;
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A")))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, j++, 0);
 				log_assert(j == cell->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int());
 			}
-			else if (cell->type == "$mux") {
+			else if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
 				int j = 0;
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A")))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, 0, j++);
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		if (it == sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.end())
 			return;
 		if (cell) {
-			if (cell->type == "$shiftx" && port == "\\A")
+			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && port == "\\A")
 				return;
-			if (cell->type == "$mux" && port.in("\\A", "\\B"))
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux) && port.in("\\A", "\\B"))
 				return;
 		}
 		sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.erase(it);
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		log_assert(shiftx);
 
 		// Only map if $shiftx exclusively covers the shift register
-		if (shiftx->type == "$shiftx") {
+		if (shiftx->type == ID($shiftx)) {
 			if (GetSize(taps) > shiftx->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int())
 				return false;
 			// Due to padding the most significant bits of A may be 1'bx,
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 			else if (GetSize(taps) != shiftx->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int())
 				return false;
 		}
-		else if (shiftx->type == "$mux") {
+		else if (shiftx->type == ID($mux)) {
 			if (GetSize(taps) != 2)
 				return false;
 		}
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		auto it = sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.find(bit);
 		log_assert(it != sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.end());
 
-		auto newcell = cell->module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$__XILINX_SHREG_");
+		auto newcell = cell->module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($__XILINX_SHREG_));
 		newcell->set_src_attribute(cell->get_src_attribute());
 		newcell->setParam("\\DEPTH", cell->getParam("\\DEPTH"));
 		newcell->setParam("\\INIT", cell->getParam("\\INIT"));
@@ -222,12 +222,12 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 
 		Cell* shiftx = std::get<0>(it->second);
 		RTLIL::SigSpec l_wire, q_wire;
-		if (shiftx->type == "$shiftx") {
+		if (shiftx->type == ID($shiftx)) {
 			l_wire = shiftx->getPort("\\B");
 			q_wire = shiftx->getPort("\\Y");
 			shiftx->setPort("\\Y", cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 		}
-		else if (shiftx->type == "$mux") {
+		else if (shiftx->type == ID($mux)) {
 			l_wire = shiftx->getPort("\\S");
 			q_wire = shiftx->getPort("\\Y");
 			shiftx->setPort("\\Y", cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
@@ -488,13 +488,13 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 				int param_clkpol = -1;
 				int param_enpol = 2;
 
-				if (first_cell->type == "$_DFF_N_") param_clkpol = 0;
-				if (first_cell->type == "$_DFF_P_") param_clkpol = 1;
+				if (first_cell->type == ID($_DFF_N_)) param_clkpol = 0;
+				if (first_cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_)) param_clkpol = 1;
 
-				if (first_cell->type == "$_DFFE_NN_") param_clkpol = 0, param_enpol = 0;
-				if (first_cell->type == "$_DFFE_NP_") param_clkpol = 0, param_enpol = 1;
-				if (first_cell->type == "$_DFFE_PN_") param_clkpol = 1, param_enpol = 0;
-				if (first_cell->type == "$_DFFE_PP_") param_clkpol = 1, param_enpol = 1;
+				if (first_cell->type == ID($_DFFE_NN_)) param_clkpol = 0, param_enpol = 0;
+				if (first_cell->type == ID($_DFFE_NP_)) param_clkpol = 0, param_enpol = 1;
+				if (first_cell->type == ID($_DFFE_PN_)) param_clkpol = 1, param_enpol = 0;
+				if (first_cell->type == ID($_DFFE_PP_)) param_clkpol = 1, param_enpol = 1;
 
 				log_assert(param_clkpol >= 0);
 				first_cell->setParam("\\CLKPOL", param_clkpol);
@@ -717,19 +717,19 @@ struct ShregmapPass : public Pass {
 			bool en_neg = enpol == "neg" || enpol == "any" || enpol == "any_or_none";
 
 			if (clk_pos && en_none)
-				opts.ffcells["$_DFF_P_"] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_P_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
 			if (clk_neg && en_none)
-				opts.ffcells["$_DFF_N_"] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_N_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
 
 			if (clk_pos && en_pos)
-				opts.ffcells["$_DFFE_PP_"] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PP_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
 			if (clk_pos && en_neg)
-				opts.ffcells["$_DFFE_PN_"] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PN_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
 
 			if (clk_neg && en_pos)
-				opts.ffcells["$_DFFE_NP_"] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NP_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
 			if (clk_neg && en_neg)
-				opts.ffcells["$_DFFE_NN_"] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NN_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
 
 			if (en_pos || en_neg)
 				opts.ffe = true;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc b/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
index 2eaba1b09..c5ca4f5c2 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ void simplemap_not(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool());
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
-		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_NOT_");
+		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
 		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a[i]);
 		gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y[i]);
@@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool());
 	sig_b.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool());
 
-	if (cell->type == "$xnor")
+	if (cell->type == ID($xnor))
 	{
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_t = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(sig_y));
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
-			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_NOT_");
+			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
 			gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
 			gate->setPort("\\A", sig_t[i]);
 			gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y[i]);
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		sig_y = sig_t;
 	}
 
-	std::string gate_type;
-	if (cell->type == "$and")  gate_type = "$_AND_";
-	if (cell->type == "$or")   gate_type = "$_OR_";
-	if (cell->type == "$xor")  gate_type = "$_XOR_";
-	if (cell->type == "$xnor") gate_type = "$_XOR_";
+	IdString gate_type;
+	if (cell->type == ID($and))  gate_type = ID($_AND_);
+	if (cell->type == ID($or))   gate_type = ID($_OR_);
+	if (cell->type == ID($xor))  gate_type = ID($_XOR_);
+	if (cell->type == ID($xnor)) gate_type = ID($_XOR_);
 	log_assert(!gate_type.empty());
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		return;
 
 	if (sig_a.size() == 0) {
-		if (cell->type == "$reduce_and")  module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(1, sig_y.size())));
-		if (cell->type == "$reduce_or")   module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(0, sig_y.size())));
-		if (cell->type == "$reduce_xor")  module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(0, sig_y.size())));
-		if (cell->type == "$reduce_xnor") module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(1, sig_y.size())));
-		if (cell->type == "$reduce_bool") module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(0, sig_y.size())));
+		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and))  module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(1, sig_y.size())));
+		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or))   module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(0, sig_y.size())));
+		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xor))  module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(0, sig_y.size())));
+		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(1, sig_y.size())));
+		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_bool)) module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, RTLIL::SigSpec(0, sig_y.size())));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		sig_y = sig_y.extract(0, 1);
 	}
 
-	std::string gate_type;
-	if (cell->type == "$reduce_and")  gate_type = "$_AND_";
-	if (cell->type == "$reduce_or")   gate_type = "$_OR_";
-	if (cell->type == "$reduce_xor")  gate_type = "$_XOR_";
-	if (cell->type == "$reduce_xnor") gate_type = "$_XOR_";
-	if (cell->type == "$reduce_bool") gate_type = "$_OR_";
+	IdString gate_type;
+	if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and))  gate_type = ID($_AND_);
+	if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or))   gate_type = ID($_OR_);
+	if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xor))  gate_type = ID($_XOR_);
+	if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) gate_type = ID($_XOR_);
+	if (cell->type == ID($reduce_bool)) gate_type = ID($_OR_);
 	log_assert(!gate_type.empty());
 
 	RTLIL::Cell *last_output_cell = NULL;
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		sig_a = sig_t;
 	}
 
-	if (cell->type == "$reduce_xnor") {
+	if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_t = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
-		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_NOT_");
+		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
 		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
 		gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_t);
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static void logic_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Cell
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_OR_");
+			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_OR_));
 			gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
 			gate->setPort("\\A", sig[i]);
 			gate->setPort("\\B", sig[i+1]);
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ void simplemap_lognot(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		sig_y = sig_y.extract(0, 1);
 	}
 
-	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_NOT_");
+	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
 	gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
 	gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
 	gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@ void simplemap_logbin(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		sig_y = sig_y.extract(0, 1);
 	}
 
-	std::string gate_type;
-	if (cell->type == "$logic_and") gate_type = "$_AND_";
-	if (cell->type == "$logic_or")  gate_type = "$_OR_";
+	IdString gate_type;
+	if (cell->type == ID($logic_and)) gate_type = ID($_AND_);
+	if (cell->type == ID($logic_or))  gate_type = ID($_OR_);
 	log_assert(!gate_type.empty());
 
 	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ void simplemap_eqne(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
 	bool is_signed = cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
-	bool is_ne = cell->type.in("$ne", "$nex");
+	bool is_ne = cell->type.in(ID($ne), ID($nex));
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec xor_out = module->addWire(NEW_ID, max(GetSize(sig_a), GetSize(sig_b)));
 	RTLIL::Cell *xor_cell = module->addXor(NEW_ID, sig_a, sig_b, xor_out, is_signed);
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ void simplemap_mux(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
-		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_MUX_");
+		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
 		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a[i]);
 		gate->setPort("\\B", sig_b[i]);
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ void simplemap_tribuf(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
-		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_TBUF_");
+		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_TBUF_));
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
 		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a[i]);
 		gate->setPort("\\E", sig_e);
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ void simplemap_lut(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		SigSpec sig_s = lut_ctrl[idx];
 		SigSpec new_lut_data = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(lut_data)/2);
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(lut_data); i += 2) {
-			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, "$_MUX_");
+			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
 			gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
 			gate->setPort("\\A", lut_data[i]);
 			gate->setPort("\\B", lut_data[i+1]);
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ void simplemap_ff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
 
-	std::string gate_type = "$_FF_";
+	IdString gate_type = ID($_FF_);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ void simplemap_dff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
 
-	std::string gate_type = stringf("$_DFF_%c_", clk_pol);
+	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFF_%c_", clk_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ void simplemap_dffe(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
 
-	std::string gate_type = stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_pol, en_pol);
+	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_pol, en_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ void simplemap_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
 
-	std::string gate_type = stringf("$_DFFSR_%c%c%c_", clk_pol, set_pol, clr_pol);
+	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFFSR_%c%c%c_", clk_pol, set_pol, clr_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
@@ -489,8 +489,8 @@ void simplemap_adff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
 
-	std::string gate_type_0 = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c0_", clk_pol, rst_pol);
-	std::string gate_type_1 = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c1_", clk_pol, rst_pol);
+	IdString gate_type_0 = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c0_", clk_pol, rst_pol);
+	IdString gate_type_1 = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c1_", clk_pol, rst_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, rst_val.at(i) == RTLIL::State::S1 ? gate_type_1 : gate_type_0);
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ void simplemap_dlatch(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
 
-	std::string gate_type = stringf("$_DLATCH_%c_", en_pol);
+	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DLATCH_%c_", en_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
@@ -524,37 +524,37 @@ void simplemap_dlatch(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void simplemap_get_mappers(std::map<RTLIL::IdString, void(*)(RTLIL::Module*, RTLIL::Cell*)> &mappers)
 {
-	mappers["$not"]         = simplemap_not;
-	mappers["$pos"]         = simplemap_pos;
-	mappers["$and"]         = simplemap_bitop;
-	mappers["$or"]          = simplemap_bitop;
-	mappers["$xor"]         = simplemap_bitop;
-	mappers["$xnor"]        = simplemap_bitop;
-	mappers["$reduce_and"]  = simplemap_reduce;
-	mappers["$reduce_or"]   = simplemap_reduce;
-	mappers["$reduce_xor"]  = simplemap_reduce;
-	mappers["$reduce_xnor"] = simplemap_reduce;
-	mappers["$reduce_bool"] = simplemap_reduce;
-	mappers["$logic_not"]   = simplemap_lognot;
-	mappers["$logic_and"]   = simplemap_logbin;
-	mappers["$logic_or"]    = simplemap_logbin;
-	mappers["$eq"]          = simplemap_eqne;
-	mappers["$eqx"]         = simplemap_eqne;
-	mappers["$ne"]          = simplemap_eqne;
-	mappers["$nex"]         = simplemap_eqne;
-	mappers["$mux"]         = simplemap_mux;
-	mappers["$tribuf"]      = simplemap_tribuf;
-	mappers["$lut"]         = simplemap_lut;
-	mappers["$sop"]         = simplemap_sop;
-	mappers["$slice"]       = simplemap_slice;
-	mappers["$concat"]      = simplemap_concat;
-	mappers["$sr"]          = simplemap_sr;
-	mappers["$ff"]          = simplemap_ff;
-	mappers["$dff"]         = simplemap_dff;
-	mappers["$dffe"]        = simplemap_dffe;
-	mappers["$dffsr"]       = simplemap_dffsr;
-	mappers["$adff"]        = simplemap_adff;
-	mappers["$dlatch"]      = simplemap_dlatch;
+	mappers[ID($not)]         = simplemap_not;
+	mappers[ID($pos)]         = simplemap_pos;
+	mappers[ID($and)]         = simplemap_bitop;
+	mappers[ID($or)]          = simplemap_bitop;
+	mappers[ID($xor)]         = simplemap_bitop;
+	mappers[ID($xnor)]        = simplemap_bitop;
+	mappers[ID($reduce_and)]  = simplemap_reduce;
+	mappers[ID($reduce_or)]   = simplemap_reduce;
+	mappers[ID($reduce_xor)]  = simplemap_reduce;
+	mappers[ID($reduce_xnor)] = simplemap_reduce;
+	mappers[ID($reduce_bool)] = simplemap_reduce;
+	mappers[ID($logic_not)]   = simplemap_lognot;
+	mappers[ID($logic_and)]   = simplemap_logbin;
+	mappers[ID($logic_or)]    = simplemap_logbin;
+	mappers[ID($eq)]          = simplemap_eqne;
+	mappers[ID($eqx)]         = simplemap_eqne;
+	mappers[ID($ne)]          = simplemap_eqne;
+	mappers[ID($nex)]         = simplemap_eqne;
+	mappers[ID($mux)]         = simplemap_mux;
+	mappers[ID($tribuf)]      = simplemap_tribuf;
+	mappers[ID($lut)]         = simplemap_lut;
+	mappers[ID($sop)]         = simplemap_sop;
+	mappers[ID($slice)]       = simplemap_slice;
+	mappers[ID($concat)]      = simplemap_concat;
+	mappers[ID($sr)]          = simplemap_sr;
+	mappers[ID($ff)]          = simplemap_ff;
+	mappers[ID($dff)]         = simplemap_dff;
+	mappers[ID($dffe)]        = simplemap_dffe;
+	mappers[ID($dffsr)]       = simplemap_dffsr;
+	mappers[ID($adff)]        = simplemap_adff;
+	mappers[ID($dlatch)]      = simplemap_dlatch;
 }
 
 void simplemap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
index ca231eb53..981af7a5e 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
@@ -349,13 +349,13 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				port_signal_map.apply(it2.second);
 			}
 
-			if (c->type.in("$memrd", "$memwr", "$meminit")) {
+			if (c->type.in(ID($memrd), ID($memwr), ID($meminit))) {
 				IdString memid = c->getParam("\\MEMID").decode_string();
 				log_assert(memory_renames.count(memid) != 0);
 				c->setParam("\\MEMID", Const(memory_renames[memid].str()));
 			}
 
-			if (c->type == "$mem") {
+			if (c->type == ID($mem)) {
 				string memid = c->getParam("\\MEMID").decode_string();
 				apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), memid);
 				c->setParam("\\MEMID", Const(memid));
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 
 								if (extmapper_name == "maccmap") {
 									log("Creating %s with maccmap.\n", log_id(extmapper_module));
-									if (extmapper_cell->type != "$macc")
+									if (extmapper_cell->type != ID($macc))
 										log_error("The maccmap mapper can only map $macc (not %s) cells!\n", log_id(extmapper_cell->type));
 									maccmap(extmapper_module, extmapper_cell);
 									extmapper_module->remove(extmapper_cell);
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 							}
 
 							if (extmapper_name == "maccmap") {
-								if (cell->type != "$macc")
+								if (cell->type != ID($macc))
 									log_error("The maccmap mapper can only map $macc (not %s) cells!\n", log_id(cell->type));
 								maccmap(module, cell);
 							}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc b/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
index 587cb9038..9e759fb33 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
@@ -63,16 +63,16 @@ struct TribufWorker {
 
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type == "$tribuf")
+			if (cell->type == ID($tribuf))
 				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))].push_back(cell);
 
-			if (cell->type == "$_TBUF_")
+			if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_))
 				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))].push_back(cell);
 
-			if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_"))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)))
 			{
-				IdString en_port = cell->type == "$mux" ? "\\EN" : "\\E";
-				IdString tri_type = cell->type == "$mux" ? "$tribuf" : "$_TBUF_";
+				IdString en_port = cell->type == ID($mux) ? "\\EN" : "\\E";
+				IdString tri_type = cell->type == ID($mux) ? ID($tribuf) : ID($_TBUF_);
 
 				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort("\\A")) && is_all_z(cell->getPort("\\B"))) {
 					module->remove(cell);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ struct TribufWorker {
 
 				SigSpec pmux_b, pmux_s;
 				for (auto cell : it.second) {
-					if (cell->type == "$tribuf")
+					if (cell->type == ID($tribuf))
 						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort("\\EN"));
 					else
 						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort("\\E"));
diff --git a/passes/techmap/zinit.cc b/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
index 2aefc091d..597d4846a 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 			}
 
 			pool<IdString> dff_types = {
-				"$ff", "$dff", "$dffe", "$dffsr", "$adff",
-				"$_FF_", "$_DFFE_NN_", "$_DFFE_NP_", "$_DFFE_PN_", "$_DFFE_PP_",
-				"$_DFFSR_NNN_", "$_DFFSR_NNP_", "$_DFFSR_NPN_", "$_DFFSR_NPP_",
-				"$_DFFSR_PNN_", "$_DFFSR_PNP_", "$_DFFSR_PPN_", "$_DFFSR_PPP_",
-				"$_DFF_N_", "$_DFF_NN0_", "$_DFF_NN1_", "$_DFF_NP0_", "$_DFF_NP1_",
-				"$_DFF_P_", "$_DFF_PN0_", "$_DFF_PN1_", "$_DFF_PP0_", "$_DFF_PP1_"
+				ID($ff), ID($dff), ID($dffe), ID($dffsr), ID($adff),
+				ID($_FF_), ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_),
+				ID($_DFFSR_NNN_), ID($_DFFSR_NNP_), ID($_DFFSR_NPN_), ID($_DFFSR_NPP_),
+				ID($_DFFSR_PNN_), ID($_DFFSR_PNP_), ID($_DFFSR_PPN_), ID($_DFFSR_PPP_),
+				ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_NN0_), ID($_DFF_NN1_), ID($_DFF_NP0_), ID($_DFF_NP1_),
+				ID($_DFF_P_), ID($_DFF_PN0_), ID($_DFF_PN1_), ID($_DFF_PP0_), ID($_DFF_PP1_)
 			};
 
 			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())

From 78ba8b85749abacdf9a6953fd2e6f430b6041a94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 10:19:29 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 074/197] Transform all "\\*" identifiers into ID()

---
 passes/techmap/abc.cc             | 270 ++++++++++++-------------
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc            |  60 +++---
 passes/techmap/alumacc.cc         |  60 +++---
 passes/techmap/deminout.cc        |   4 +-
 passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc        |  58 +++---
 passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc        |  18 +-
 passes/techmap/dffinit.cc         |  10 +-
 passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc       |   6 +-
 passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc       |  52 ++---
 passes/techmap/extract.cc         |  62 +++---
 passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc | 138 ++++++-------
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc      |  38 ++--
 passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc  |  26 +--
 passes/techmap/flowmap.cc         |   6 +-
 passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc        |  14 +-
 passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc         |   6 +-
 passes/techmap/maccmap.cc         |  44 ++--
 passes/techmap/muxcover.cc        |  96 ++++-----
 passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc         |   2 +-
 passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc        |  10 +-
 passes/techmap/shregmap.cc        | 108 +++++-----
 passes/techmap/simplemap.cc       | 326 +++++++++++++++---------------
 passes/techmap/techmap.cc         |  96 ++++-----
 passes/techmap/tribuf.cc          |  36 ++--
 passes/techmap/zinit.cc           |  18 +-
 25 files changed, 782 insertions(+), 782 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc.cc b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
index afde01cfa..8edf1d207 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 	{
 		if (clk_polarity != (cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_)))
 			return;
-		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")))
+		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))))
 			return;
 		if (GetSize(en_sig) != 0)
 			return;
@@ -183,22 +183,22 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 			return;
 		if (en_polarity != cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 			return;
-		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")))
+		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))))
 			return;
-		if (en_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort("\\E")))
+		if (en_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\E))))
 			return;
 		goto matching_dff;
 	}
 
 	if (0) {
 	matching_dff:
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 
 		if (keepff)
 			for (auto &c : sig_q.chunks())
 				if (c.wire != NULL)
-					c.wire->attributes["\\keep"] = 1;
+					c.wire->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = 1;
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_d);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_q);
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_BUF_), ID($_NOT_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_y);
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort("\\S");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(\\S));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -283,10 +283,10 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort("\\C");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(\\C));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -305,11 +305,11 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort("\\C");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(\\C));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 		extract_cell(c, keepff);
 
 	for (auto &wire_it : module->wires_) {
-		if (wire_it.second->port_id > 0 || wire_it.second->get_bool_attribute("\\keep"))
+		if (wire_it.second->port_id > 0 || wire_it.second->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep)))
 			mark_port(RTLIL::SigSpec(wire_it.second));
 	}
 
@@ -1016,21 +1016,21 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 
 		bool builtin_lib = liberty_file.empty();
 		RTLIL::Design *mapped_design = new RTLIL::Design;
-		parse_blif(mapped_design, ifs, builtin_lib ? "\\DFF" : "\\_dff_", false, sop_mode);
+		parse_blif(mapped_design, ifs, builtin_lib ? ID(\\DFF) : ID(\\_dff_), false, sop_mode);
 
 		ifs.close();
 
 		log_header(design, "Re-integrating ABC results.\n");
-		RTLIL::Module *mapped_mod = mapped_design->modules_["\\netlist"];
+		RTLIL::Module *mapped_mod = mapped_design->modules_[ID(\\netlist)];
 		if (mapped_mod == NULL)
 			log_error("ABC output file does not contain a module `netlist'.\n");
 		for (auto &it : mapped_mod->wires_) {
 			RTLIL::Wire *w = it.second;
 			RTLIL::Wire *orig_wire = nullptr;
 			RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->addWire(remap_name(w->name, &orig_wire));
-			if (orig_wire != nullptr && orig_wire->attributes.count("\\src"))
-				wire->attributes["\\src"] = orig_wire->attributes["\\src"];
-			if (markgroups) wire->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
+			if (orig_wire != nullptr && orig_wire->attributes.count(ID(\\src)))
+				wire->attributes[ID(\\src)] = orig_wire->attributes[ID(\\src)];
+			if (markgroups) wire->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 			design->select(module, wire);
 		}
 
@@ -1040,127 +1040,127 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 			if (builtin_lib)
 			{
 				cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
-				if (c->type.in("\\ZERO", "\\ONE")) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(\\ZERO), ID(\\ONE))) {
 					RTLIL::SigSig conn;
-					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]);
-					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == "\\ZERO" ? 0 : 1, 1);
+					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == ID(\\ZERO) ? 0 : 1, 1);
 					module->connect(conn);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\BUF") {
+				if (c->type == ID(\\BUF)) {
 					RTLIL::SigSig conn;
-					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]);
-					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]);
 					module->connect(conn);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\NOT") {
+				if (c->type == ID(\\NOT)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_NOT_));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type.in("\\AND", "\\OR", "\\XOR", "\\NAND", "\\NOR", "\\XNOR", "\\ANDNOT", "\\ORNOT")) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(\\AND), ID(\\OR), ID(\\XOR), ID(\\NAND), ID(\\NOR), ID(\\XNOR), ID(\\ANDNOT), ID(\\ORNOT))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type.in("\\MUX", "\\NMUX")) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(\\MUX), ID(\\NMUX))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\S", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\S").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\S)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\MUX4") {
+				if (c->type == ID(\\MUX4)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX4_));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\C", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\C").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\D", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\D").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\S", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\S").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\T", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\T").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\S)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\T)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\MUX8") {
+				if (c->type == ID(\\MUX8)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX8_));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\C", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\C").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\D", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\D").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\E", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\E").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\F", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\F").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\G", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\G").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\H", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\H").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\S", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\S").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\T", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\T").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\U", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\U").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\E), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\E)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\F), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\F)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\G), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\G)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\H), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\H)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\S)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\T)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\U), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\U)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\MUX16") {
+				if (c->type == ID(\\MUX16)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX16_));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\C", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\C").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\D", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\D").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\E", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\E").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\F", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\F").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\G", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\G").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\H", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\H").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\I", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\I").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\J", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\J").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\K", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\K").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\L", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\L").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\M", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\M").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\N", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\N").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\O", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\O").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\P", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\P").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\S", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\S").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\T", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\T").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\U", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\U").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\V", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\V").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\E), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\E)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\F), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\F)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\G), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\G)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\H), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\H)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\I), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\I)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\J), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\J)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\K), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\K)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\L), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\L)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\M), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\M)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\N), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\N)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\O), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\O)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\P), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\P)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\S)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\T)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\U), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\U)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\V), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\V)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type.in("\\AOI3", "\\OAI3")) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(\\AOI3), ID(\\OAI3))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\C", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\C").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type.in("\\AOI4", "\\OAI4")) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(\\AOI4), ID(\\OAI4))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\A", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\B").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\C", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\C").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\D", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\D").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == "\\DFF") {
+				if (c->type == ID(\\DFF)) {
 					log_assert(clk_sig.size() == 1);
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell;
 					if (en_sig.size() == 0) {
@@ -1168,12 +1168,12 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					} else {
 						log_assert(en_sig.size() == 1);
 						cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-						cell->setPort("\\E", en_sig);
+						cell->setPort(ID(\\E), en_sig);
 					}
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort("\\D", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\D").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\Q", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Q").as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort("\\C", clk_sig);
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Q), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Q)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), clk_sig);
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -1181,15 +1181,15 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 			else
 				cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
 
-			if (c->type.in("\\_const0_", "\\_const1_")) {
+			if (c->type.in(ID(\\_const0_), ID(\\_const1_))) {
 				RTLIL::SigSig conn;
 				conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->connections().begin()->second.as_wire()->name)]);
-				conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == "\\_const0_" ? 0 : 1, 1);
+				conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == ID(\\_const0_) ? 0 : 1, 1);
 				module->connect(conn);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (c->type == "\\_dff_") {
+			if (c->type == ID(\\_dff_)) {
 				log_assert(clk_sig.size() == 1);
 				RTLIL::Cell *cell;
 				if (en_sig.size() == 0) {
@@ -1197,25 +1197,25 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 				} else {
 					log_assert(en_sig.size() == 1);
 					cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-					cell->setPort("\\E", en_sig);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\E), en_sig);
 				}
-				if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
-				cell->setPort("\\D", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\D").as_wire()->name)]));
-				cell->setPort("\\Q", RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Q").as_wire()->name)]));
-				cell->setPort("\\C", clk_sig);
+				if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+				cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+				cell->setPort(ID(\\Q), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Q)).as_wire()->name)]));
+				cell->setPort(ID(\\C), clk_sig);
 				design->select(module, cell);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (c->type == ID($lut) && GetSize(c->getPort("\\A")) == 1 && c->getParam("\\LUT").as_int() == 2) {
-				SigSpec my_a = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name)];
-				SigSpec my_y = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name)];
+			if (c->type == ID($lut) && GetSize(c->getPort(ID(\\A))) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(\\LUT)).as_int() == 2) {
+				SigSpec my_a = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)];
+				SigSpec my_y = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)];
 				module->connect(my_y, my_a);
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), c->type);
-			if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
+			if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 			cell->parameters = c->parameters;
 			for (auto &conn : c->connections()) {
 				RTLIL::SigSpec newsig;
@@ -1240,10 +1240,10 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 
 		if (recover_init)
 			for (auto wire : mapped_mod->wires()) {
-				if (wire->attributes.count("\\init")) {
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
 					Wire *w = module->wires_[remap_name(wire->name)];
-					log_assert(w->attributes.count("\\init") == 0);
-					w->attributes["\\init"] = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+					log_assert(w->attributes.count(ID(\\init)) == 0);
+					w->attributes[ID(\\init)] = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -1798,9 +1798,9 @@ struct AbcPass : public Pass {
 			signal_init.clear();
 
 			for (Wire *wire : mod->wires())
-				if (wire->attributes.count("\\init")) {
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
 					SigSpec initsig = assign_map(wire);
-					Const initval = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+					Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
 					for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initsig) && i < GetSize(initval); i++)
 						switch (initval[i]) {
 							case State::S0:
@@ -1859,14 +1859,14 @@ struct AbcPass : public Pass {
 
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 				{
-					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
+					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
 				}
 				else
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 				{
 					bool this_clk_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
 					bool this_en_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
-					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort("\\E")));
+					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\E))));
 				}
 				else
 					continue;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index 7db345333..f9b9bc788 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 	// wires
 	pool<RTLIL::Const> ids_seen;
 	for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-		auto it = cell->attributes.find("\\abc_scc_id");
+		auto it = cell->attributes.find(ID(\\abc_scc_id));
 		if (it != cell->attributes.end()) {
 			auto r = ids_seen.insert(it->second);
 			if (r.second) {
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 							log_assert(w->port_input);
 							log_assert(b.offset < GetSize(w));
 						}
-						w->set_bool_attribute("\\abc_scc_break");
+						w->set_bool_attribute(ID(\\abc_scc_break));
 						module->swap_names(b.wire, w);
 						c.second = RTLIL::SigBit(w, b.offset);
 					}
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 			std::vector<IdString> ports;
 			RTLIL::Module* box_module = design->module(cell->type);
 			if (box_module) {
-				auto ports_csv = box_module->attributes.at("\\abc_scc_break", RTLIL::Const::from_string("")).decode_string();
+				auto ports_csv = box_module->attributes.at(ID(\\abc_scc_break), RTLIL::Const::from_string("")).decode_string();
 				for (const auto &port_name : split_tokens(ports_csv, ",")) {
 					auto port_id = RTLIL::escape_id(port_name);
 					auto kt = cell->connections_.find(port_id);
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 				Wire *w = b.wire;
 				if (!w) continue;
 				w->port_output = true;
-				w->set_bool_attribute("\\abc_scc_break");
+				w->set_bool_attribute(ID(\\abc_scc_break));
 				w = module->wire(stringf("%s.abci", w->name.c_str()));
 				if (!w) {
 					w = module->addWire(stringf("%s.abci", b.wire->name.c_str()), GetSize(b.wire));
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		// the expose operation -- remove them from PO/PI
 		// and re-connecting them back together
 		for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
-			auto it = wire->attributes.find("\\abc_scc_break");
+			auto it = wire->attributes.find(ID(\\abc_scc_break));
 			if (it != wire->attributes.end()) {
 				wire->attributes.erase(it);
 				log_assert(wire->port_output);
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		for (auto &it : mapped_mod->wires_) {
 			RTLIL::Wire *w = it.second;
 			RTLIL::Wire *remap_wire = module->addWire(remap_name(w->name), GetSize(w));
-			if (markgroups) remap_wire->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
+			if (markgroups) remap_wire->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 			if (w->port_output) {
 				RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(w->name);
 				log_assert(wire);
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			auto jt = abc_box.find(cell->type);
 			if (jt == abc_box.end()) {
 				RTLIL::Module* box_module = design->module(cell->type);
-				jt = abc_box.insert(std::make_pair(cell->type, box_module && box_module->attributes.count("\\abc_box_id"))).first;
+				jt = abc_box.insert(std::make_pair(cell->type, box_module && box_module->attributes.count(ID(\\abc_box_id)))).first;
 			}
 			if (jt->second)
 				boxes.emplace_back(cell);
@@ -582,13 +582,13 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = nullptr;
 			if (c->type == ID($_NOT_)) {
-				RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = c->getPort("\\A");
-				RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = c->getPort("\\Y");
+				RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = c->getPort(ID(\\A));
+				RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = c->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 				bit_users[a_bit].insert(c->name);
 				bit_drivers[y_bit].insert(c->name);
 
 				if (!a_bit.wire) {
-					c->setPort("\\Y", module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+					c->setPort(ID(\\Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 					RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(remap_name(y_bit.wire->name));
 					log_assert(wire);
 					module->connect(RTLIL::SigBit(wire, y_bit.offset), State::S1);
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 								RTLIL::SigBit(module->wires_.at(remap_name(a_bit.wire->name)), a_bit.offset),
 								RTLIL::SigBit(module->wires_.at(remap_name(y_bit.wire->name)), y_bit.offset),
 								RTLIL::Const::from_string("01"));
-						bit2sinks[cell->getPort("\\A")].push_back(cell);
+						bit2sinks[cell->getPort(ID(\\A))].push_back(cell);
 						cell_stats[ID($lut)]++;
 					}
 					else
@@ -625,18 +625,18 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 				}
 				else
 					log_abort();
-				if (cell && markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
+				if (cell && markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 				continue;
 			}
 			cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *existing_cell = nullptr;
 			if (c->type == ID($lut)) {
-				if (GetSize(c->getPort("\\A")) == 1 && c->getParam("\\LUT") == RTLIL::Const::from_string("01")) {
-					SigSpec my_a = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort("\\A").as_wire()->name));
-					SigSpec my_y = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort("\\Y").as_wire()->name));
+				if (GetSize(c->getPort(ID(\\A))) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(\\LUT)) == RTLIL::Const::from_string("01")) {
+					SigSpec my_a = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name));
+					SigSpec my_y = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name));
 					module->connect(my_y, my_a);
-					if (markgroups) c->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
+					if (markgroups) c->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 					log_abort();
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 				module->swap_names(cell, existing_cell);
 			}
 
-			if (markgroups) cell->attributes["\\abcgroup"] = map_autoidx;
+			if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 			if (existing_cell) {
 				cell->parameters = existing_cell->parameters;
 				cell->attributes = existing_cell->attributes;
@@ -751,8 +751,8 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			if (it == not2drivers.end())
 				continue;
 			RTLIL::Cell *driver_lut = it->second;
-			RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = not_cell->getPort("\\A");
-			RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = not_cell->getPort("\\Y");
+			RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+			RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 			RTLIL::Const driver_mask;
 
 			a_bit.wire = module->wires_.at(remap_name(a_bit.wire->name));
@@ -768,8 +768,8 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 
 			// Push downstream LUTs past inverter
 			for (auto sink_cell : jt->second) {
-				SigSpec A = sink_cell->getPort("\\A");
-				RTLIL::Const mask = sink_cell->getParam("\\LUT");
+				SigSpec A = sink_cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+				RTLIL::Const mask = sink_cell->getParam(ID(\\LUT));
 				int index = 0;
 				for (; index < GetSize(A); index++)
 					if (A[index] == a_bit)
@@ -782,8 +782,8 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 					i += 1 << (index+1);
 				}
 				A[index] = y_bit;
-				sink_cell->setPort("\\A", A);
-				sink_cell->setParam("\\LUT", mask);
+				sink_cell->setPort(ID(\\A), A);
+				sink_cell->setParam(ID(\\LUT), mask);
 			}
 
 			// Since we have rewritten all sinks (which we know
@@ -792,16 +792,16 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			// that the original driving LUT will become dangling
 			// and get cleaned away
 clone_lut:
-			driver_mask = driver_lut->getParam("\\LUT");
+			driver_mask = driver_lut->getParam(ID(\\LUT));
 			for (auto &b : driver_mask.bits) {
 				if (b == RTLIL::State::S0) b = RTLIL::State::S1;
 				else if (b == RTLIL::State::S1) b = RTLIL::State::S0;
 			}
 			auto cell = module->addLut(NEW_ID,
-					driver_lut->getPort("\\A"),
+					driver_lut->getPort(ID(\\A)),
 					y_bit,
 					driver_mask);
-			for (auto &bit : cell->connections_.at("\\A")) {
+			for (auto &bit : cell->connections_.at(ID(\\A))) {
 				bit.wire = module->wires_.at(remap_name(bit.wire->name));
 				bit2sinks[bit].push_back(cell);
 			}
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 
 		dict<int,IdString> box_lookup;
 		for (auto m : design->modules()) {
-			auto it = m->attributes.find("\\abc_box_id");
+			auto it = m->attributes.find(ID(\\abc_box_id));
 			if (it == m->attributes.end())
 				continue;
 			if (m->name.begins_with("$paramod"))
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 
 		for (auto mod : design->selected_modules())
 		{
-			if (mod->attributes.count("\\abc_box_id"))
+			if (mod->attributes.count(ID(\\abc_box_id)))
 				continue;
 
 			if (mod->processes.size() > 0) {
@@ -1153,14 +1153,14 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 				{
-					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
+					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
 				}
 				else
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 				{
 					bool this_clk_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
 					bool this_en_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
-					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort("\\C")), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort("\\E")));
+					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\E))));
 				}
 				else
 					continue;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc b/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
index 25ccd48c4..f31e85111 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_eq() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_eq) == 0)
-				cached_eq = alu_cell->module->ReduceAnd(NEW_ID, alu_cell->getPort("\\X"), false, alu_cell->get_src_attribute());
+				cached_eq = alu_cell->module->ReduceAnd(NEW_ID, alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\X)), false, alu_cell->get_src_attribute());
 			return cached_eq;
 		}
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_cf() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_cf) == 0) {
-				cached_cf = alu_cell->getPort("\\CO");
+				cached_cf = alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\CO));
 				log_assert(GetSize(cached_cf) >= 1);
 				cached_cf = alu_cell->module->Not(NEW_ID, cached_cf[GetSize(cached_cf)-1], false, alu_cell->get_src_attribute());
 			}
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_of() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_of) == 0) {
-				cached_of = {alu_cell->getPort("\\CO"), alu_cell->getPort("\\CI")};
+				cached_of = {alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\CO)), alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\CI))};
 				log_assert(GetSize(cached_of) >= 2);
 				cached_of = alu_cell->module->Xor(NEW_ID, cached_of[GetSize(cached_of)-1], cached_of[GetSize(cached_of)-2]);
 			}
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_sf() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_sf) == 0) {
-				cached_sf = alu_cell->getPort("\\Y");
+				cached_sf = alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 				cached_sf = cached_sf[GetSize(cached_sf)-1];
 			}
 			return cached_sf;
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			Macc::port_t new_port;
 
 			n->cell = cell;
-			n->y = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+			n->y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 			n->users = 0;
 
 			for (auto bit : n->y)
@@ -142,30 +142,30 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($neg)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == ID($neg);
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = false;
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool();
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\B_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == ID($sub);
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mul)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				new_port.in_b = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+				new_port.in_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = false;
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 			}
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			n->macc.optimize(GetSize(n->y));
 			n->macc.to_cell(cell);
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", n->y);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), n->y);
 			cell->fixup_parameters();
 			module->remove(n->cell);
 			delete n;
@@ -388,11 +388,11 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			bool cmp_less = cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le));
 			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in(ID($le), ID($ge));
-			bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 
 			if (B < A && GetSize(B)) {
 				cmp_less = !cmp_less;
@@ -428,11 +428,11 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 		for (auto cell : eq_cells)
 		{
 			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx));
-			bool is_signed = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 
 			if (B < A && GetSize(B))
 				std::swap(A, B);
@@ -482,13 +482,13 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			if (n->cells.size() > 0)
 				n->alu_cell->set_src_attribute(n->cells[0]->get_src_attribute());
 
-			n->alu_cell->setPort("\\A", n->a);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort("\\B", n->b);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort("\\CI", GetSize(n->c) ? n->c : State::S0);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort("\\BI", n->invert_b ? State::S1 : State::S0);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort("\\Y", n->y);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort("\\X", module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
-			n->alu_cell->setPort("\\CO", module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\A), n->a);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\B), n->b);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\CI), GetSize(n->c) ? n->c : State::S0);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\BI), n->invert_b ? State::S1 : State::S0);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), n->y);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\X), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\CO), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
 			n->alu_cell->fixup_parameters(n->is_signed, n->is_signed);
 
 			for (auto &it : n->cmp)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/deminout.cc b/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
index 568c6cb59..a51c7a41d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ struct DeminoutPass : public Pass {
 						for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second))
 							bits_used.insert(bit);
 
-					if (conn.first == "\\Y" && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf)))
+					if (conn.first == ID(\\Y) && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf)))
 					{
 						bool tribuf = cell->type.in(ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf));
 
 						if (!tribuf) {
 							for (auto &c : cell->connections()) {
-								if (!c.first.in("\\A", "\\B"))
+								if (!c.first.in(ID(\\A), ID(\\B)))
 									continue;
 								for (auto b : sigmap(c.second))
 									if (b == State::Sz)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
index 044b0a621..9c1ee1845 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_))) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++)
 					bit2mux[sig_y[i]] = cell_int_t(cell, i);
 			}
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 			return ret;
 
 		cell_int_t mux_cell_int = bit2mux.at(d);
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort("\\A"));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort("\\B"));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort("\\S"));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\S)));
 		int width = GetSize(sig_a), index = mux_cell_int.second;
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_s); i++)
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				ret = find_muxtree_feedback_patterns(sig_b[i*width + index], q, path);
 
 				if (sig_b[i*width + index] == q) {
-					RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort("\\B");
+					RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\B));
 					s[i*width + index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-					mux_cell_int.first->setPort("\\B", s);
+					mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(\\B), s);
 				}
 
 				return ret;
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				ret.insert(pat);
 
 			if (sig_b[i*width + index] == q) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort("\\B");
+				RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\B));
 				s[i*width + index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-				mux_cell_int.first->setPort("\\B", s);
+				mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(\\B), s);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 			ret.insert(pat);
 
 		if (sig_a[index] == q) {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort("\\A");
+			RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\A));
 			s[index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-			mux_cell_int.first->setPort("\\A", s);
+			mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(\\A), s);
 		}
 
 		return ret;
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 
 	void handle_dff_cell(RTLIL::Cell *dff_cell)
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = sigmap(dff_cell->getPort("\\D"));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = sigmap(dff_cell->getPort("\\Q"));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = sigmap(dff_cell->getPort(ID(\\D)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = sigmap(dff_cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)));
 
 		std::map<patterns_t, std::set<int>> grouped_patterns;
 		std::set<int> remaining_indices;
@@ -208,15 +208,15 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 			}
 			if (!direct_dict.empty()) {
 				log("  converting %s cell %s to %s for %s -> %s.\n", log_id(dff_cell->type), log_id(dff_cell), log_id(direct_dict.at(dff_cell->type)), log_signal(new_sig_d), log_signal(new_sig_q));
-				dff_cell->setPort("\\E", make_patterns_logic(it.first, true));
+				dff_cell->setPort(ID(\\E), make_patterns_logic(it.first, true));
 				dff_cell->type = direct_dict.at(dff_cell->type);
 			} else
 			if (dff_cell->type == ID($dff)) {
-				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffe(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort("\\CLK"), make_patterns_logic(it.first, false),
-						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->getParam("\\CLK_POLARITY").as_bool(), true);
+				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffe(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK)), make_patterns_logic(it.first, false),
+						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->getParam(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool(), true);
 				log("  created $dffe cell %s for %s -> %s.\n", log_id(new_cell), log_signal(new_sig_d), log_signal(new_sig_q));
 			} else {
-				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffeGate(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort("\\C"), make_patterns_logic(it.first, true),
+				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffeGate(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort(ID(\\C)), make_patterns_logic(it.first, true),
 						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), true);
 				log("  created %s cell %s for %s -> %s.\n", log_id(new_cell->type), log_id(new_cell), log_signal(new_sig_d), log_signal(new_sig_q));
 			}
@@ -235,9 +235,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				new_sig_d.append(sig_d[i]);
 				new_sig_q.append(sig_q[i]);
 			}
-			dff_cell->setPort("\\D", new_sig_d);
-			dff_cell->setPort("\\Q", new_sig_q);
-			dff_cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", GetSize(remaining_indices));
+			dff_cell->setPort(ID(\\D), new_sig_d);
+			dff_cell->setPort(ID(\\Q), new_sig_q);
+			dff_cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), GetSize(remaining_indices));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -361,19 +361,19 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 								for (auto cell_other : mod->selected_cells()) {
 									if (cell_other->type != cell->type)
 										continue;
-									if (sigmap(cell->getPort("\\EN")) == sigmap(cell_other->getPort("\\EN")))
+									if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\EN))) == sigmap(cell_other->getPort(ID(\\EN))))
 										ce_use++;
 								}
 								if (ce_use >= min_ce_use)
 									continue;
 							}
 
-							RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = mod->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(cell->getPort("\\D")));
-							mod->addDff(NEW_ID, cell->getPort("\\CLK"), tmp, cell->getPort("\\Q"), cell->getParam("\\CLK_POLARITY").as_bool());
-							if (cell->getParam("\\EN_POLARITY").as_bool())
-								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort("\\Q"), cell->getPort("\\D"), cell->getPort("\\EN"), tmp);
+							RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = mod->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(\\D))));
+							mod->addDff(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK)), tmp, cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getParam(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool());
+							if (cell->getParam(ID(\\EN_POLARITY)).as_bool())
+								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getPort(ID(\\D)), cell->getPort(ID(\\EN)), tmp);
 							else
-								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort("\\D"), cell->getPort("\\Q"), cell->getPort("\\EN"), tmp);
+								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\D)), cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getPort(ID(\\EN)), tmp);
 							mod->remove(cell);
 							continue;
 						}
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 								for (auto cell_other : mod->selected_cells()) {
 									if (cell_other->type != cell->type)
 										continue;
-									if (sigmap(cell->getPort("\\E")) == sigmap(cell_other->getPort("\\E")))
+									if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\E))) == sigmap(cell_other->getPort(ID(\\E))))
 										ce_use++;
 								}
 								if (ce_use >= min_ce_use)
@@ -393,11 +393,11 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 							bool clk_pol = cell->type.compare(7, 1, "P") == 0;
 							bool en_pol = cell->type.compare(8, 1, "P") == 0;
 							RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = mod->addWire(NEW_ID);
-							mod->addDff(NEW_ID, cell->getPort("\\C"), tmp, cell->getPort("\\Q"), clk_pol);
+							mod->addDff(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\C)), tmp, cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), clk_pol);
 							if (en_pol)
-								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort("\\Q"), cell->getPort("\\D"), cell->getPort("\\E"), tmp);
+								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getPort(ID(\\D)), cell->getPort(ID(\\E)), tmp);
 							else
-								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort("\\D"), cell->getPort("\\Q"), cell->getPort("\\E"), tmp);
+								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\D)), cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getPort(ID(\\E)), tmp);
 							mod->remove(cell);
 							continue;
 						}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
index 1fe225aa1..f31bfeef9 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
@@ -72,16 +72,16 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 				if (cell->type != ID($_MUX_))
 					continue;
 
-				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
 
 				if (bit_a.wire == nullptr || bit_b.wire == nullptr)
-					sr_muxes[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))] = cell;
+					sr_muxes[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))] = cell;
 			}
 
 			for (auto cell : ff_cells)
 			{
-				SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
+				SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
 
 				if (GetSize(sig_d) < 1)
 					continue;
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 					continue;
 
 				Cell *mux_cell = sr_muxes.at(bit_d);
-				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort("\\B"));
-				SigBit bit_s = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort("\\S"));
+				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+				SigBit bit_s = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
 
 				log("  Merging %s (A=%s, B=%s, S=%s) into %s (%s).\n", log_id(mux_cell),
 						log_signal(bit_a), log_signal(bit_b), log_signal(bit_s), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 						else cell->type = ID($__DFFS_PP0_);
 					}
 				}
-				cell->setPort("\\R", sr_sig);
-				cell->setPort("\\D", bit_d);
+				cell->setPort(ID(\\R), sr_sig);
+				cell->setPort(ID(\\D), bit_d);
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dffinit.cc b/passes/techmap/dffinit.cc
index 0ad33dc0e..8962446c8 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dffinit.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dffinit.cc
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ struct DffinitPass : public Pass {
 			pool<SigBit> used_bits;
 
 			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires()) {
-				if (wire->attributes.count("\\init")) {
-					Const value = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
+					Const value = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
 					for (int i = 0; i < min(GetSize(value), GetSize(wire)); i++)
 						if (value[i] != State::Sx)
 							init_bits[sigmap(SigBit(wire, i))] = value[i];
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ struct DffinitPass : public Pass {
 			}
 
 			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires())
-				if (wire->attributes.count("\\init")) {
-					Const &value = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
+					Const &value = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
 					bool do_cleanup = true;
 					for (int i = 0; i < min(GetSize(value), GetSize(wire)); i++) {
 						SigBit bit = sigmap(SigBit(wire, i));
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ struct DffinitPass : public Pass {
 					}
 					if (do_cleanup) {
 						log("Removing init attribute from wire %s.%s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(wire));
-						wire->attributes.erase("\\init");
+						wire->attributes.erase(ID(\\init));
 					}
 				}
 		}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
index abe73c258..b10c7042d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 		if (design->selected(module, it.second) && cell_mappings.count(it.second->type) > 0)
 			cell_list.push_back(it.second);
 		if (it.second->type == ID($_NOT_))
-			notmap[sigmap(it.second->getPort("\\A"))].insert(it.second);
+			notmap[sigmap(it.second->getPort(ID(\\A)))].insert(it.second);
 	}
 
 	std::map<std::string, int> stats;
@@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 				sig = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig));
 				if (has_q && has_qn) {
 					for (auto &it : notmap[sigmap(old_sig)]) {
-						module->connect(it->getPort("\\Y"), sig);
-						it->setPort("\\Y", module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig)));
+						module->connect(it->getPort(ID(\\Y)), sig);
+						it->setPort(ID(\\Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig)));
 					}
 				} else {
 					module->addNotGate(NEW_ID, sig, old_sig);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc b/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
index f69083c4c..f9bfa6d9a 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 {
 	if (cell->type == ID($dffsr))
 	{
-		int width = cell->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-		bool setpol = cell->getParam("\\SET_POLARITY").as_bool();
-		bool clrpol = cell->getParam("\\CLR_POLARITY").as_bool();
+		int width = cell->getParam(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+		bool setpol = cell->getParam(ID(\\SET_POLARITY)).as_bool();
+		bool clrpol = cell->getParam(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool();
 
 		SigBit setunused = setpol ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 		SigBit clrunused = clrpol ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 
-		SigSpec setsig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\SET"));
-		SigSpec clrsig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\CLR"));
+		SigSpec setsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\SET)));
+		SigSpec clrsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\CLR)));
 
 		Const reset_val;
 		SigSpec setctrl, clrctrl;
@@ -78,19 +78,19 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		log("Converting %s cell %s.%s to $adff.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(module), log_id(cell));
 
 		if (GetSize(setctrl) == 1) {
-			cell->setPort("\\ARST", setctrl);
-			cell->setParam("\\ARST_POLARITY", setpol);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\ARST), setctrl);
+			cell->setParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY), setpol);
 		} else {
-			cell->setPort("\\ARST", clrctrl);
-			cell->setParam("\\ARST_POLARITY", clrpol);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\ARST), clrctrl);
+			cell->setParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY), clrpol);
 		}
 
 		cell->type = ID($adff);
-		cell->unsetPort("\\SET");
-		cell->unsetPort("\\CLR");
-		cell->setParam("\\ARST_VALUE", reset_val);
-		cell->unsetParam("\\SET_POLARITY");
-		cell->unsetParam("\\CLR_POLARITY");
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(\\SET));
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(\\CLR));
+		cell->setParam(ID(\\ARST_VALUE), reset_val);
+		cell->unsetParam(ID(\\SET_POLARITY));
+		cell->unsetParam(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY));
 
 		return;
 	}
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		char setpol = cell->type.c_str()[9];
 		char clrpol = cell->type.c_str()[10];
 
-		SigBit setbit = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\S"));
-		SigBit clrbit = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\R"));
+		SigBit setbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
+		SigBit clrbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\R)));
 
 		SigBit setunused = setpol == 'P' ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 		SigBit clrunused = clrpol == 'P' ? State::S0 : State::S1;
@@ -112,14 +112,14 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 
 		if (setbit == setunused) {
 			cell->type = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c0_", clkpol, clrpol);
-			cell->unsetPort("\\S");
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(\\S));
 			goto converted_gate;
 		}
 
 		if (clrbit == clrunused) {
 			cell->type = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c1_", clkpol, setpol);
-			cell->setPort("\\R", cell->getPort("\\S"));
-			cell->unsetPort("\\S");
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\R), cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(\\S));
 			goto converted_gate;
 		}
 
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 {
 	if (cell->type == ID($adff))
 	{
-		bool rstpol = cell->getParam("\\ARST_POLARITY").as_bool();
+		bool rstpol = cell->getParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY)).as_bool();
 		SigBit rstunused = rstpol ? State::S0 : State::S1;
-		SigSpec rstsig = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\ARST"));
+		SigSpec rstsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\ARST)));
 
 		if (rstsig != rstunused)
 			return;
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		log("Converting %s cell %s.%s to $dff.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(module), log_id(cell));
 
 		cell->type = ID($dff);
-		cell->unsetPort("\\ARST");
-		cell->unsetParam("\\ARST_VALUE");
-		cell->unsetParam("\\ARST_POLARITY");
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(\\ARST));
+		cell->unsetParam(ID(\\ARST_VALUE));
+		cell->unsetParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY));
 
 		return;
 	}
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		char clkpol = cell->type.c_str()[6];
 		char rstpol = cell->type.c_str()[7];
 
-		SigBit rstbit = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\R"));
+		SigBit rstbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\R)));
 		SigBit rstunused = rstpol == 'P' ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 
 		if (rstbit != rstunused)
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		log("Converting %s cell %s.%s to %s.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_id(newtype));
 
 		cell->type = newtype;
-		cell->unsetPort("\\R");
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(\\R));
 
 		return;
 	}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract.cc b/passes/techmap/extract.cc
index e3b4faba1..118e25419 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract.cc
@@ -58,36 +58,36 @@ public:
 			return value;
 
 	#define param_bool(_n) if (param == _n) return value.as_bool();
-		param_bool("\\ARST_POLARITY");
-		param_bool("\\A_SIGNED");
-		param_bool("\\B_SIGNED");
-		param_bool("\\CLK_ENABLE");
-		param_bool("\\CLK_POLARITY");
-		param_bool("\\CLR_POLARITY");
-		param_bool("\\EN_POLARITY");
-		param_bool("\\SET_POLARITY");
-		param_bool("\\TRANSPARENT");
+		param_bool(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(\\A_SIGNED));
+		param_bool(ID(\\B_SIGNED));
+		param_bool(ID(\\CLK_ENABLE));
+		param_bool(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(\\EN_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(\\SET_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(\\TRANSPARENT));
 	#undef param_bool
 
 	#define param_int(_n) if (param == _n) return value.as_int();
-		param_int("\\ABITS")
-		param_int("\\A_WIDTH")
-		param_int("\\B_WIDTH")
-		param_int("\\CTRL_IN_WIDTH")
-		param_int("\\CTRL_OUT_WIDTH")
-		param_int("\\OFFSET")
-		param_int("\\PRIORITY")
-		param_int("\\RD_PORTS")
-		param_int("\\SIZE")
-		param_int("\\STATE_BITS")
-		param_int("\\STATE_NUM")
-		param_int("\\STATE_NUM_LOG2")
-		param_int("\\STATE_RST")
-		param_int("\\S_WIDTH")
-		param_int("\\TRANS_NUM")
-		param_int("\\WIDTH")
-		param_int("\\WR_PORTS")
-		param_int("\\Y_WIDTH")
+		param_int(ID(\\ABITS))
+		param_int(ID(\\A_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(\\B_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(\\CTRL_IN_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(\\CTRL_OUT_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(\\OFFSET))
+		param_int(ID(\\PRIORITY))
+		param_int(ID(\\RD_PORTS))
+		param_int(ID(\\SIZE))
+		param_int(ID(\\STATE_BITS))
+		param_int(ID(\\STATE_NUM))
+		param_int(ID(\\STATE_NUM_LOG2))
+		param_int(ID(\\STATE_RST))
+		param_int(ID(\\S_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(\\TRANS_NUM))
+		param_int(ID(\\WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(\\WR_PORTS))
+		param_int(ID(\\Y_WIDTH))
 	#undef param_int
 
 		return value;
@@ -341,10 +341,10 @@ RTLIL::Cell *replace(RTLIL::Module *needle, RTLIL::Module *haystack, SubCircuit:
 bool compareSortNeedleList(RTLIL::Module *left, RTLIL::Module *right)
 {
 	int left_idx = 0, right_idx = 0;
-	if (left->attributes.count("\\extract_order") > 0)
-		left_idx = left->attributes.at("\\extract_order").as_int();
-	if (right->attributes.count("\\extract_order") > 0)
-		right_idx = right->attributes.at("\\extract_order").as_int();
+	if (left->attributes.count(ID(\\extract_order)) > 0)
+		left_idx = left->attributes.at(ID(\\extract_order)).as_int();
+	if (right->attributes.count(ID(\\extract_order)) > 0)
+		right_idx = right->attributes.at(ID(\\extract_order)).as_int();
 	if (left_idx != right_idx)
 		return left_idx < right_idx;
 	return left->name < right->name;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
index 7f3573ae4..853356026 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
@@ -120,45 +120,45 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 	//A counter with less than 2 bits makes no sense
 	//TODO: configurable min threshold
-	int a_width = cell->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
+	int a_width = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int();
 	extract.width = a_width;
 	if( (a_width < 2) || (a_width > maxwidth) )
 		return 1;
 
 	//Second input must be a single bit
-	int b_width = cell->getParam("\\B_WIDTH").as_int();
+	int b_width = cell->getParam(ID(\\B_WIDTH)).as_int();
 	if(b_width != 1)
 		return 2;
 
 	//Both inputs must be unsigned, so don't extract anything with a signed input
-	bool a_sign = cell->getParam("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
-	bool b_sign = cell->getParam("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool();
+	bool a_sign = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+	bool b_sign = cell->getParam(ID(\\B_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	if(a_sign || b_sign)
 		return 3;
 
 	//To be a counter, one input of the ALU must be a constant 1
 	//TODO: can A or B be swapped in synthesized RTL or is B always the 1?
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec b_port = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec b_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
 	if(!b_port.is_fully_const() || (b_port.as_int() != 1) )
 		return 4;
 
 	//BI and CI must be constant 1 as well
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec bi_port = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\BI"));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec bi_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\BI)));
 	if(!bi_port.is_fully_const() || (bi_port.as_int() != 1) )
 		return 5;
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec ci_port = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\CI"));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec ci_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\CI)));
 	if(!ci_port.is_fully_const() || (ci_port.as_int() != 1) )
 		return 6;
 
 	//CO and X must be unconnected (exactly one connection to each port)
-	if(!is_unconnected(sigmap(cell->getPort("\\CO")), index))
+	if(!is_unconnected(sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\CO))), index))
 		return 7;
-	if(!is_unconnected(sigmap(cell->getPort("\\X")), index))
+	if(!is_unconnected(sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\X))), index))
 		return 8;
 
 	//Y must have exactly one connection, and it has to be a $mux cell.
 	//We must have a direct bus connection from our Y to their A.
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec aluy = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec aluy = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 	pool<Cell*> y_loads = get_other_cells(aluy, index, cell);
 	if(y_loads.size() != 1)
 		return 9;
@@ -166,17 +166,17 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	extract.count_mux = count_mux;
 	if(count_mux->type != ID($mux))
 		return 10;
-	if(!is_full_bus(aluy, index, cell, "\\Y", count_mux, "\\A"))
+	if(!is_full_bus(aluy, index, cell, ID(\\Y), count_mux, ID(\\A)))
 		return 11;
 
 	//B connection of the mux is our underflow value
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec underflow = sigmap(count_mux->getPort("\\B"));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec underflow = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(\\B)));
 	if(!underflow.is_fully_const())
 		return 12;
 	extract.count_value = underflow.as_int();
 
 	//S connection of the mux must come from an inverter (need not be the only load)
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxsel = sigmap(count_mux->getPort("\\S"));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxsel = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(\\S)));
 	extract.outsig = muxsel;
 	pool<Cell*> muxsel_conns = get_other_cells(muxsel, index, count_mux);
 	Cell* underflow_inv = NULL;
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	{
 		if(c->type != ID($logic_not))
 			continue;
-		if(!is_full_bus(muxsel, index, c, "\\Y", count_mux, "\\S", true))
+		if(!is_full_bus(muxsel, index, c, ID(\\Y), count_mux, ID(\\S), true))
 			continue;
 
 		underflow_inv = c;
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 	//Y connection of the mux must have exactly one load, the counter's internal register, if there's no clock enable
 	//If we have a clock enable, Y drives the B input of a mux. A of that mux must come from our register
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxy = sigmap(count_mux->getPort("\\Y"));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxy = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 	pool<Cell*> muxy_loads = get_other_cells(muxy, index, count_mux);
 	if(muxy_loads.size() != 1)
 		return 14;
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 		//This mux is probably a clock enable mux.
 		//Find our count register (should be our only load)
 		cemux = muxload;
-		cey = sigmap(cemux->getPort("\\Y"));
+		cey = sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 		pool<Cell*> cey_loads = get_other_cells(cey, index, cemux);
 		if(cey_loads.size() != 1)
 			return 24;
@@ -217,16 +217,16 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 		//Mux should have A driven by count Q, and B by muxy
 		//TODO: if A and B are swapped, CE polarity is inverted
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort("\\B")) != muxy)
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\B))) != muxy)
 			return 24;
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort("\\A")) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort("\\Q")))
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\A))) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(\\Q))))
 			return 24;
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort("\\Y")) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort("\\D")))
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\Y))) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(\\D))))
 			return 24;
 
 		//Select of the mux is our clock enable
 		extract.has_ce = true;
-		extract.ce = sigmap(cemux->getPort("\\S"));
+		extract.ce = sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\S)));
 	}
 	else
 		extract.has_ce = false;
@@ -239,10 +239,10 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 		extract.has_reset = true;
 
 		//Check polarity of reset - we may have to add an inverter later on!
-		extract.rst_inverted = (count_reg->getParam("\\ARST_POLARITY").as_int() != 1);
+		extract.rst_inverted = (count_reg->getParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY)).as_int() != 1);
 
 		//Verify ARST_VALUE is zero or full scale
-		int rst_value = count_reg->getParam("\\ARST_VALUE").as_int();
+		int rst_value = count_reg->getParam(ID(\\ARST_VALUE)).as_int();
 		if(rst_value == 0)
 			extract.rst_to_max = false;
 		else if(rst_value == extract.count_value)
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 			return 23;
 
 		//Save the reset
-		extract.rst = sigmap(count_reg->getPort("\\ARST"));
+		extract.rst = sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(\\ARST)));
 	}
 	//TODO: support synchronous reset
 	else
@@ -260,12 +260,12 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	//Sanity check that we use the ALU output properly
 	if(extract.has_ce)
 	{
-		if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, "\\Y", cemux, "\\B"))
+		if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID(\\Y), cemux, ID(\\B)))
 			return 16;
-		if(!is_full_bus(cey, index, cemux, "\\Y", count_reg, "\\D"))
+		if(!is_full_bus(cey, index, cemux, ID(\\Y), count_reg, ID(\\D)))
 			return 16;
 	}
-	else if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, "\\Y", count_reg, "\\D"))
+	else if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID(\\Y), count_reg, ID(\\D)))
 		return 16;
 
 	//TODO: Verify count_reg CLK_POLARITY is 1
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	//Register output must have exactly two loads, the inverter and ALU
 	//(unless we have a parallel output!)
 	//If we have a clock enable, 3 is OK
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec qport = count_reg->getPort("\\Q");
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec qport = count_reg->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 	const RTLIL::SigSpec cnout = sigmap(qport);
 	pool<Cell*> cnout_loads = get_other_cells(cnout, index, count_reg);
 	unsigned int max_loads = 2;
@@ -312,19 +312,19 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, "\\Q", underflow_inv, "\\A", true))
+	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(\\Q), underflow_inv, ID(\\A), true))
 		return 18;
-	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, "\\Q", cell, "\\A", true))
+	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(\\Q), cell, ID(\\A), true))
 		return 19;
 
 	//Look up the clock from the register
-	extract.clk = sigmap(count_reg->getPort("\\CLK"));
+	extract.clk = sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(\\CLK)));
 
 	//Register output net must have an INIT attribute equal to the count value
 	extract.rwire = cnout.as_wire();
-	if(extract.rwire->attributes.find("\\init") == extract.rwire->attributes.end())
+	if(extract.rwire->attributes.find(ID(\\init)) == extract.rwire->attributes.end())
 		return 20;
-	int rinit = extract.rwire->attributes["\\init"].as_int();
+	int rinit = extract.rwire->attributes[ID(\\init)].as_int();
 	if(rinit != extract.count_value)
 		return 21;
 
@@ -348,16 +348,16 @@ void counter_worker(
 
 	//A input is the count value. Check if it has COUNT_EXTRACT set.
 	//If it's not a wire, don't even try
-	auto port = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+	auto port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
 	if(!port.is_wire())
 		return;
 	RTLIL::Wire* a_wire = port.as_wire();
 	bool force_extract = false;
 	bool never_extract = false;
-	string count_reg_src = a_wire->attributes["\\src"].decode_string().c_str();
-	if(a_wire->attributes.find("\\COUNT_EXTRACT") != a_wire->attributes.end())
+	string count_reg_src = a_wire->attributes[ID(\\src)].decode_string().c_str();
+	if(a_wire->attributes.find(ID(\\COUNT_EXTRACT)) != a_wire->attributes.end())
 	{
-		pool<string> sa = a_wire->get_strpool_attribute("\\COUNT_EXTRACT");
+		pool<string> sa = a_wire->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\COUNT_EXTRACT));
 		string extract_value;
 		if(sa.size() >= 1)
 		{
@@ -434,18 +434,18 @@ void counter_worker(
 	string countname = string("$COUNTx$") + log_id(extract.rwire->name.str());
 
 	//Wipe all of the old connections to the ALU
-	cell->unsetPort("\\A");
-	cell->unsetPort("\\B");
-	cell->unsetPort("\\BI");
-	cell->unsetPort("\\CI");
-	cell->unsetPort("\\CO");
-	cell->unsetPort("\\X");
-	cell->unsetPort("\\Y");
-	cell->unsetParam("\\A_SIGNED");
-	cell->unsetParam("\\A_WIDTH");
-	cell->unsetParam("\\B_SIGNED");
-	cell->unsetParam("\\B_WIDTH");
-	cell->unsetParam("\\Y_WIDTH");
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\A));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\B));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\BI));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\CI));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\CO));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\X));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\Y));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\B_SIGNED));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\B_WIDTH));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\Y_WIDTH));
 
 	//Change the cell type
 	cell->type = ID($__COUNT_);
@@ -454,46 +454,46 @@ void counter_worker(
 	if(extract.has_reset)
 	{
 		//TODO: support other kinds of reset
-		cell->setParam("\\RESET_MODE", RTLIL::Const("LEVEL"));
+		cell->setParam(ID(\\RESET_MODE), RTLIL::Const("LEVEL"));
 
 		//If the reset is active low, infer an inverter ($__COUNT_ cells always have active high reset)
 		if(extract.rst_inverted)
 		{
 			auto realreset = cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 			cell->module->addNot(NEW_ID, extract.rst, RTLIL::SigSpec(realreset));
-			cell->setPort("\\RST", realreset);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\RST), realreset);
 		}
 		else
-			cell->setPort("\\RST", extract.rst);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\RST), extract.rst);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		cell->setParam("\\RESET_MODE", RTLIL::Const("RISING"));
-		cell->setPort("\\RST", RTLIL::SigSpec(false));
+		cell->setParam(ID(\\RESET_MODE), RTLIL::Const("RISING"));
+		cell->setPort(ID(\\RST), RTLIL::SigSpec(false));
 	}
 
 	//Hook up other stuff
-	//cell->setParam("\\CLKIN_DIVIDE", RTLIL::Const(1));
-	cell->setParam("\\COUNT_TO", RTLIL::Const(extract.count_value));
-	cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", RTLIL::Const(extract.width));
-	cell->setPort("\\CLK", extract.clk);
-	cell->setPort("\\OUT", extract.outsig);
+	//cell->setParam(ID(\\CLKIN_DIVIDE), RTLIL::Const(1));
+	cell->setParam(ID(\\COUNT_TO), RTLIL::Const(extract.count_value));
+	cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), RTLIL::Const(extract.width));
+	cell->setPort(ID(\\CLK), extract.clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(\\OUT), extract.outsig);
 
 	//Hook up clock enable
 	if(extract.has_ce)
 	{
-		cell->setParam("\\HAS_CE", RTLIL::Const(1));
-		cell->setPort("\\CE", extract.ce);
+		cell->setParam(ID(\\HAS_CE), RTLIL::Const(1));
+		cell->setPort(ID(\\CE), extract.ce);
 	}
 	else
-		cell->setParam("\\HAS_CE", RTLIL::Const(0));
+		cell->setParam(ID(\\HAS_CE), RTLIL::Const(0));
 
 	//Hook up hard-wired ports (for now up/down are not supported), default to no parallel output
-	cell->setParam("\\HAS_POUT", RTLIL::Const(0));
-	cell->setParam("\\RESET_TO_MAX", RTLIL::Const(0));
-	cell->setParam("\\DIRECTION", RTLIL::Const("DOWN"));
-	cell->setPort("\\CE", RTLIL::Const(1));
-	cell->setPort("\\UP", RTLIL::Const(0));
+	cell->setParam(ID(\\HAS_POUT), RTLIL::Const(0));
+	cell->setParam(ID(\\RESET_TO_MAX), RTLIL::Const(0));
+	cell->setParam(ID(\\DIRECTION), RTLIL::Const("DOWN"));
+	cell->setPort(ID(\\CE), RTLIL::Const(1));
+	cell->setPort(ID(\\UP), RTLIL::Const(0));
 
 	//Hook up any parallel outputs
 	for(auto load : extract.pouts)
@@ -505,8 +505,8 @@ void counter_worker(
 
 		//Connect it to our parallel output
 		//(this is OK to do more than once b/c they all go to the same place)
-		cell->setPort("\\POUT", sig);
-		cell->setParam("\\HAS_POUT", RTLIL::Const(1));
+		cell->setPort(ID(\\POUT), sig);
+		cell->setParam(ID(\\HAS_POUT), RTLIL::Const(1));
 	}
 
 	//Delete the cells we've replaced (let opt_clean handle deleting the now-redundant wires)
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ void counter_worker(
 		int newbits = ceil(log2(extract.count_value));
 		if(extract.width != newbits)
 		{
-			cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", RTLIL::Const(newbits));
+			cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), RTLIL::Const(newbits));
 			log("    Optimizing out %d unused high-order bits (new width is %d)\n",
 				extract.width - newbits,
 				newbits);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index 710581e16..763caf08d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 					ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_), ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_),
 					ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_), ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 			{
-				SigBit y = sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort("\\Y")));
+				SigBit y = sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y))));
 				log_assert(driver.count(y) == 0);
 				driver[y] = cell;
 			}
@@ -262,10 +262,10 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 			pool<SigBit> new_leaves = leaves;
 
 			new_leaves.erase(bit);
-			if (cell->hasPort("\\A")) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort("\\A"))));
-			if (cell->hasPort("\\B")) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort("\\B"))));
-			if (cell->hasPort("\\C")) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort("\\C"))));
-			if (cell->hasPort("\\D")) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort("\\D"))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\A))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\B))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\C))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\C)))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\D))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\D)))));
 
 			if (GetSize(new_leaves) > maxbreadth)
 				continue;
@@ -277,8 +277,8 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 	void assign_new_driver(SigBit bit, SigBit new_driver)
 	{
 		Cell *cell = driver.at(bit);
-		if (sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y")) == bit) {
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+		if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y))) == bit) {
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 			module->connect(bit, new_driver);
 		}
 	}
@@ -391,19 +391,19 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				else
 				{
 					Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
-					cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", 1);
+					cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), 1);
 
 					log("      Created $fa cell %s.\n", log_id(cell));
 
-					cell->setPort("\\A", f3i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
-					cell->setPort("\\B", f3i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
-					cell->setPort("\\C", f3i.inv_c ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, C) : C);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), f3i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), f3i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), f3i.inv_c ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, C) : C);
 
 					X = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 					Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 
-					cell->setPort("\\X", X);
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", Y);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\X), X);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), Y);
 
 					facache[fakey] = make_tuple(X, Y, cell);
 				}
@@ -497,19 +497,19 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				else
 				{
 					Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
-					cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", 1);
+					cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), 1);
 
 					log("      Created $fa cell %s.\n", log_id(cell));
 
-					cell->setPort("\\A", f2i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
-					cell->setPort("\\B", f2i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
-					cell->setPort("\\C", State::S0);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), f2i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), f2i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), State::S0);
 
 					X = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 					Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 
-					cell->setPort("\\X", X);
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", Y);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\X), X);
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), Y);
 				}
 
 				if (func2.at(key).count(xor2_func)) {
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
index a126bff9a..49438df5f 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 
 						head_cell = x;
 
-						auto y = sigmap(x->getPort("\\Y"));
+						auto y = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 						log_assert(y.size() == 1);
 
 						// Should only continue if there is one fanout back into a cell (not to a port)
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 				{
 					//BFS, following all chains until they hit a cell of a different type
 					//Pick the longest one
-					auto y = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+					auto y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 					pool<Cell*> current_loads = sig_to_sink[y];
 					pool<Cell*> next_loads;
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 
 						cur_supercell.insert(x);
 
-						auto a = sigmap(x->getPort("\\A"));
+						auto a = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\A)));
 						log_assert(a.size() == 1);
 
 						// Must have only one sink unless we're going off chain
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 							}
 						}
 
-						auto b = sigmap(x->getPort("\\B"));
+						auto b = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\B)));
 						log_assert(b.size() == 1);
 
 						// Must have only one sink
@@ -279,26 +279,26 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 						pool<SigBit> input_pool_intermed;
 						for (auto x : cur_supercell)
 						{
-							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort("\\A"))[0]);
-							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort("\\B"))[0]);
-							input_pool_intermed.insert(sigmap(x->getPort("\\Y"))[0]);
+							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\A)))[0]);
+							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\B)))[0]);
+							input_pool_intermed.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\Y)))[0]);
 						}
 						SigSpec input;
 						for (auto b : input_pool)
 							if (input_pool_intermed.count(b) == 0)
 								input.append_bit(b);
 
-						SigBit output = sigmap(head_cell->getPort("\\Y")[0]);
+						SigBit output = sigmap(head_cell->getPort(ID(\\Y))[0]);
 
 						auto new_reduce_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID,
 							gt == GateType::And ? ID($reduce_and) :
 							gt == GateType::Or ? ID($reduce_or) :
 							gt == GateType::Xor ? ID($reduce_xor) : "");
-						new_reduce_cell->setParam("\\A_SIGNED", 0);
-						new_reduce_cell->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", input.size());
-						new_reduce_cell->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", 1);
-						new_reduce_cell->setPort("\\A", input);
-						new_reduce_cell->setPort("\\Y", output);
+						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED), 0);
+						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH), input.size());
+						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(\\Y_WIDTH), 1);
+						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID(\\A), input);
+						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), output);
 
 						if(allow_off_chain)
 							consumed_cells.insert(head_cell);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc b/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
index 90eb4869d..b8ed2d778 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
@@ -671,8 +671,8 @@ struct FlowmapWorker
 			labels[node] = -1;
 		for (auto input : inputs)
 		{
-			if (input.wire->attributes.count("\\$flowmap_level"))
-				labels[input] = input.wire->attributes["\\$flowmap_level"].as_int();
+			if (input.wire->attributes.count(ID(\\$flowmap_level)))
+				labels[input] = input.wire->attributes[ID(\\$flowmap_level)].as_int();
 			else
 				labels[input] = 0;
 		}
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@ struct FlowmapWorker
 			for (auto gate_node : lut_gates[node])
 			{
 				auto gate_origin = node_origins[gate_node];
-				lut->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", gate_origin.cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
+				lut->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), gate_origin.cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
 				packed_count++;
 			}
 			lut_count++;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
index 630544d24..29b781284 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 
 				for (auto cell : module->cells())
 					if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_)) {
-						SigBit bit = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y").as_bit());
+						SigBit bit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_bit());
 						tbuf_bits[bit].first = cell->name;
 					}
 
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 						if (tbuf_cell == nullptr)
 							continue;
 
-						SigBit en_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort("\\E").as_bit();
-						SigBit data_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort("\\A").as_bit();
+						SigBit en_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID(\\E)).as_bit();
+						SigBit data_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_bit();
 
 						if (wire->port_input && !tinoutpad_celltype.empty())
 						{
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname2), owire);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname3), data_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname4), wire_bit);
-							cell->attributes["\\keep"] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+							cell->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 
 							for (auto cn : tbuf_cache.second) {
 								auto c = module->cell(cn);
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname), en_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname2), data_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname3), wire_bit);
-							cell->attributes["\\keep"] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+							cell->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 
 							for (auto cn : tbuf_cache.second) {
 								auto c = module->cell(cn);
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(widthparam)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 						if (!nameparam.empty())
 							cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(nameparam)] = RTLIL::Const(stringf("%s[%d]", RTLIL::id2cstr(wire->name), i));
-						cell->attributes["\\keep"] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+						cell->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 					}
 				}
 				else
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 						cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(widthparam)] = RTLIL::Const(wire->width);
 					if (!nameparam.empty())
 						cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(nameparam)] = RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::id2cstr(wire->name));
-					cell->attributes["\\keep"] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+					cell->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 				}
 
 				wire->port_id = 0;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc b/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
index 27c8175dd..dccf335dc 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 int lut2mux(Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
-	Const lut = cell->getParam("\\LUT");
+	SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	Const lut = cell->getParam(ID(\\LUT));
 	int count = 1;
 
 	if (GetSize(sig_a) == 1)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc b/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
index 7b7af8f04..d993bdf6f 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 			RTLIL::Wire *w2 = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
-			cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", width);
-			cell->setPort("\\A", in1);
-			cell->setPort("\\B", in2);
-			cell->setPort("\\C", in3);
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", w1);
-			cell->setPort("\\X", w2);
+			cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), width);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), in1);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), in2);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\C), in3);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), w1);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\X), w2);
 
 			out1 = {out_zeros_msb, w1, out_zeros_lsb};
 			out2 = {out_zeros_msb, w2, out_zeros_lsb};
@@ -238,22 +238,22 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 
 
 		RTLIL::Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($alu));
-		c->setPort("\\A", summands.front());
-		c->setPort("\\B", summands.back());
-		c->setPort("\\CI", State::S0);
-		c->setPort("\\BI", State::S0);
-		c->setPort("\\Y", module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
-		c->setPort("\\X", module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
-		c->setPort("\\CO", module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
+		c->setPort(ID(\\A), summands.front());
+		c->setPort(ID(\\B), summands.back());
+		c->setPort(ID(\\CI), State::S0);
+		c->setPort(ID(\\BI), State::S0);
+		c->setPort(ID(\\Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
+		c->setPort(ID(\\X), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
+		c->setPort(ID(\\CO), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
 		c->fixup_parameters();
 
 		if (!tree_sum_bits.empty()) {
-			c->setPort("\\CI", tree_sum_bits.back());
+			c->setPort(ID(\\CI), tree_sum_bits.back());
 			tree_sum_bits.pop_back();
 		}
 		log_assert(tree_sum_bits.empty());
 
-		return c->getPort("\\Y");
+		return c->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 	}
 };
 
@@ -264,17 +264,17 @@ extern void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap = false
 
 void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 {
-	int width = GetSize(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+	int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 
 	Macc macc;
 	macc.from_cell(cell);
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec all_input_bits;
-	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort("\\B"));
+	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
 
 	if (all_input_bits.to_sigbit_set().count(RTLIL::Sx)) {
-		module->connect(cell->getPort("\\Y"), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::Sx, width));
+		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::Sx, width));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -339,9 +339,9 @@ void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 		}
 
 		if (summands.front().second)
-			module->addNeg(NEW_ID, summands.front().first, cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+			module->addNeg(NEW_ID, summands.front().first, cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
 		else
-			module->connect(cell->getPort("\\Y"), summands.front().first);
+			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), summands.front().first);
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 		for (auto &bit : macc.bit_ports)
 			worker.add(bit, 0);
 
-		module->connect(cell->getPort("\\Y"), worker.synth());
+		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), worker.synth());
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc b/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
index 213441cc8..c5e0fb549 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 				if (!cell->input(conn.first))
 					continue;
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second)) {
-					if (used_once.count(bit) || cell->type != ID($_MUX_) || conn.first == "\\S")
+					if (used_once.count(bit) || cell->type != ID($_MUX_) || conn.first == ID(\\S))
 						roots.insert(bit);
 					used_once.insert(bit);
 				}
 			}
 			if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_))
-				sig_to_mux[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))] = cell;
+				sig_to_mux[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))] = cell;
 		}
 
 		log("  Treeifying %d MUXes:\n", GetSize(sig_to_mux));
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 				if (sig_to_mux.count(bit) && (bit == rootsig || !roots.count(bit))) {
 					Cell *c = sig_to_mux.at(bit);
 					tree.muxes[bit] = c;
-					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort("\\A")));
-					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort("\\B")));
+					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID(\\A))));
+					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID(\\B))));
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -517,68 +517,68 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 2) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[0]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
-			cell->setPort("\\A", mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort("\\B", mux.inputs[1]);
-			cell->setPort("\\S", mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\S), mux.selects[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 4) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[1]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX4_));
-			cell->setPort("\\A", mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort("\\B", mux.inputs[1]);
-			cell->setPort("\\C", mux.inputs[2]);
-			cell->setPort("\\D", mux.inputs[3]);
-			cell->setPort("\\S", mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort("\\T", mux.selects[1]);
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\C), mux.inputs[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\D), mux.inputs[3]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\S), mux.selects[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\T), mux.selects[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 8) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[2]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX8_));
-			cell->setPort("\\A", mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort("\\B", mux.inputs[1]);
-			cell->setPort("\\C", mux.inputs[2]);
-			cell->setPort("\\D", mux.inputs[3]);
-			cell->setPort("\\E", mux.inputs[4]);
-			cell->setPort("\\F", mux.inputs[5]);
-			cell->setPort("\\G", mux.inputs[6]);
-			cell->setPort("\\H", mux.inputs[7]);
-			cell->setPort("\\S", mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort("\\T", mux.selects[1]);
-			cell->setPort("\\U", mux.selects[2]);
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\C), mux.inputs[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\D), mux.inputs[3]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\E), mux.inputs[4]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\F), mux.inputs[5]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\G), mux.inputs[6]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\H), mux.inputs[7]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\S), mux.selects[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\T), mux.selects[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\U), mux.selects[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 16) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[3]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX16_));
-			cell->setPort("\\A", mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort("\\B", mux.inputs[1]);
-			cell->setPort("\\C", mux.inputs[2]);
-			cell->setPort("\\D", mux.inputs[3]);
-			cell->setPort("\\E", mux.inputs[4]);
-			cell->setPort("\\F", mux.inputs[5]);
-			cell->setPort("\\G", mux.inputs[6]);
-			cell->setPort("\\H", mux.inputs[7]);
-			cell->setPort("\\I", mux.inputs[8]);
-			cell->setPort("\\J", mux.inputs[9]);
-			cell->setPort("\\K", mux.inputs[10]);
-			cell->setPort("\\L", mux.inputs[11]);
-			cell->setPort("\\M", mux.inputs[12]);
-			cell->setPort("\\N", mux.inputs[13]);
-			cell->setPort("\\O", mux.inputs[14]);
-			cell->setPort("\\P", mux.inputs[15]);
-			cell->setPort("\\S", mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort("\\T", mux.selects[1]);
-			cell->setPort("\\U", mux.selects[2]);
-			cell->setPort("\\V", mux.selects[3]);
-			cell->setPort("\\Y", bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\C), mux.inputs[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\D), mux.inputs[3]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\E), mux.inputs[4]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\F), mux.inputs[5]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\G), mux.inputs[6]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\H), mux.inputs[7]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\I), mux.inputs[8]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\J), mux.inputs[9]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\K), mux.inputs[10]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\L), mux.inputs[11]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\M), mux.inputs[12]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\N), mux.inputs[13]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\O), mux.inputs[14]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\P), mux.inputs[15]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\S), mux.selects[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\T), mux.selects[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\U), mux.selects[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\V), mux.selects[3]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc b/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
index 0a49dd302..17da70193 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ struct NlutmapWorker
 				if (cell->type != ID($lut) || mapped_cells.count(cell))
 					continue;
 
-				if (GetSize(cell->getPort("\\A")) == lut_size || lut_size == 2)
+				if (GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(\\A))) == lut_size || lut_size == 2)
 					candidate_ratings[cell] = 0;
 
 				for (auto &conn : cell->connections())
diff --git a/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc b/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
index 38caf7bb3..1a0fa4e3b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
@@ -92,18 +92,18 @@ struct PmuxtreePass : public Pass {
 			if (cell->type != ID($pmux))
 				continue;
 
-			SigSpec sig_data = cell->getPort("\\B");
-			SigSpec sig_sel = cell->getPort("\\S");
+			SigSpec sig_data = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+			SigSpec sig_sel = cell->getPort(ID(\\S));
 
-			if (!cell->getPort("\\A").is_fully_undef()) {
-				sig_data.append(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+			if (!cell->getPort(ID(\\A)).is_fully_undef()) {
+				sig_data.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
 				SigSpec sig_sel_or = module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, sig_sel);
 				sig_sel.append(module->Not(NEW_ID, sig_sel_or));
 			}
 
 			SigSpec result, result_or;
 			result = recursive_mux_generator(module, sig_data, sig_sel, result_or);
-			module->connect(cell->getPort("\\Y"), result);
+			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), result);
 			module->remove(cell);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
index d265f6c86..e3f50e354 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
@@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ struct ShregmapTechGreenpak4 : ShregmapTech
 
 	bool fixup(Cell *cell, dict<int, SigBit> &taps)
 	{
-		auto D = cell->getPort("\\D");
-		auto C = cell->getPort("\\C");
+		auto D = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+		auto C = cell->getPort(ID(\\C));
 
-		auto newcell = cell->module->addCell(NEW_ID, "\\GP_SHREG");
-		newcell->setPort("\\nRST", State::S1);
-		newcell->setPort("\\CLK", C);
-		newcell->setPort("\\IN", D);
+		auto newcell = cell->module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID(\\GP_SHREG));
+		newcell->setPort(ID(\\nRST), State::S1);
+		newcell->setPort(ID(\\CLK), C);
+		newcell->setPort(ID(\\IN), D);
 
 		int i = 0;
 		for (auto tap : taps) {
-			newcell->setPort(i ? "\\OUTB" : "\\OUTA", tap.second);
-			newcell->setParam(i ? "\\OUTB_TAP" : "\\OUTA_TAP", tap.first + 1);
+			newcell->setPort(i ? ID(\\OUTB) : ID(\\OUTA), tap.second);
+			newcell->setParam(i ? ID(\\OUTB_TAP) : ID(\\OUTA_TAP), tap.first + 1);
 			i++;
 		}
 
-		cell->setParam("\\OUTA_INVERT", 0);
+		cell->setParam(ID(\\OUTA_INVERT), 0);
 		return false;
 	}
 };
@@ -105,18 +105,18 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		for (const auto &i : module->cells_) {
 			auto cell = i.second;
 			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx)) {
-				if (cell->getParam("\\Y_WIDTH") != 1) continue;
+				if (cell->getParam(ID(\\Y_WIDTH)) != 1) continue;
 				int j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A")))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A))))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, j++, 0);
-				log_assert(j == cell->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int());
+				log_assert(j == cell->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int());
 			}
 			else if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
 				int j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\A")))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A))))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, 0, j++);
 				j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort("\\B")))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B))))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, 1, j++);
 			}
 		}
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		if (it == sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.end())
 			return;
 		if (cell) {
-			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && port == "\\A")
+			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && port == ID(\\A))
 				return;
-			if (cell->type == ID($mux) && port.in("\\A", "\\B"))
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux) && port.in(ID(\\A), ID(\\B)))
 				return;
 		}
 		sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.erase(it);
@@ -178,17 +178,17 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 
 		// Only map if $shiftx exclusively covers the shift register
 		if (shiftx->type == ID($shiftx)) {
-			if (GetSize(taps) > shiftx->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int())
+			if (GetSize(taps) > shiftx->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int())
 				return false;
 			// Due to padding the most significant bits of A may be 1'bx,
 			//   and if so, discount them
-			if (GetSize(taps) < shiftx->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int()) {
-				const SigSpec A = shiftx->getPort("\\A");
-				const int A_width = shiftx->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int();
+			if (GetSize(taps) < shiftx->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int()) {
+				const SigSpec A = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\A));
+				const int A_width = shiftx->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int();
 				for (int i = GetSize(taps); i < A_width; ++i)
 					if (A[i] != RTLIL::Sx) return false;
 			}
-			else if (GetSize(taps) != shiftx->getParam("\\A_WIDTH").as_int())
+			else if (GetSize(taps) != shiftx->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int())
 				return false;
 		}
 		else if (shiftx->type == ID($mux)) {
@@ -210,32 +210,32 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 
 		auto newcell = cell->module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($__XILINX_SHREG_));
 		newcell->set_src_attribute(cell->get_src_attribute());
-		newcell->setParam("\\DEPTH", cell->getParam("\\DEPTH"));
-		newcell->setParam("\\INIT", cell->getParam("\\INIT"));
-		newcell->setParam("\\CLKPOL", cell->getParam("\\CLKPOL"));
-		newcell->setParam("\\ENPOL", cell->getParam("\\ENPOL"));
+		newcell->setParam(ID(\\DEPTH), cell->getParam(ID(\\DEPTH)));
+		newcell->setParam(ID(\\INIT), cell->getParam(ID(\\INIT)));
+		newcell->setParam(ID(\\CLKPOL), cell->getParam(ID(\\CLKPOL)));
+		newcell->setParam(ID(\\ENPOL), cell->getParam(ID(\\ENPOL)));
 
-		newcell->setPort("\\C", cell->getPort("\\C"));
-		newcell->setPort("\\D", cell->getPort("\\D"));
-		if (cell->hasPort("\\E"))
-			newcell->setPort("\\E", cell->getPort("\\E"));
+		newcell->setPort(ID(\\C), cell->getPort(ID(\\C)));
+		newcell->setPort(ID(\\D), cell->getPort(ID(\\D)));
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\E)))
+			newcell->setPort(ID(\\E), cell->getPort(ID(\\E)));
 
 		Cell* shiftx = std::get<0>(it->second);
 		RTLIL::SigSpec l_wire, q_wire;
 		if (shiftx->type == ID($shiftx)) {
-			l_wire = shiftx->getPort("\\B");
-			q_wire = shiftx->getPort("\\Y");
-			shiftx->setPort("\\Y", cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\B));
+			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+			shiftx->setPort(ID(\\Y), cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 		}
 		else if (shiftx->type == ID($mux)) {
-			l_wire = shiftx->getPort("\\S");
-			q_wire = shiftx->getPort("\\Y");
-			shiftx->setPort("\\Y", cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\S));
+			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+			shiftx->setPort(ID(\\Y), cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 		}
 		else log_abort();
 
-		newcell->setPort("\\Q", q_wire);
-		newcell->setPort("\\L", l_wire);
+		newcell->setPort(ID(\\Q), q_wire);
+		newcell->setPort(ID(\\L), l_wire);
 
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -263,16 +263,16 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 	{
 		for (auto wire : module->wires())
 		{
-			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute("\\keep")) {
+			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep))) {
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(wire)) {
 					sigbit_with_non_chain_users.insert(bit);
 					if (opts.tech) opts.tech->non_chain_user(bit, nullptr, {});
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (wire->attributes.count("\\init")) {
+			if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
 				SigSpec initsig = sigmap(wire);
-				Const initval = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+				Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initsig) && i < GetSize(initval); i++)
 					if (initval[i] == State::S0 && !opts.zinit)
 						sigbit_init[initsig[i]] = false;
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
-			if (opts.ffcells.count(cell->type) && !cell->get_bool_attribute("\\keep"))
+			if (opts.ffcells.count(cell->type) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep)))
 			{
 				IdString d_port = opts.ffcells.at(cell->type).first;
 				IdString q_port = opts.ffcells.at(cell->type).second;
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 						initval.push_back(State::S0);
 					remove_init.insert(bit);
 				}
-				first_cell->setParam("\\INIT", initval);
+				first_cell->setParam(ID(\\INIT), initval);
 			}
 
 			if (opts.zinit)
@@ -497,13 +497,13 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 				if (first_cell->type == ID($_DFFE_PP_)) param_clkpol = 1, param_enpol = 1;
 
 				log_assert(param_clkpol >= 0);
-				first_cell->setParam("\\CLKPOL", param_clkpol);
-				if (opts.ffe) first_cell->setParam("\\ENPOL", param_enpol);
+				first_cell->setParam(ID(\\CLKPOL), param_clkpol);
+				if (opts.ffe) first_cell->setParam(ID(\\ENPOL), param_enpol);
 			}
 
 			first_cell->type = shreg_cell_type_str;
 			first_cell->setPort(q_port, last_cell->getPort(q_port));
-			first_cell->setParam("\\DEPTH", depth);
+			first_cell->setParam(ID(\\DEPTH), depth);
 
 			if (opts.tech != nullptr && !opts.tech->fixup(first_cell, taps_dict))
 				remove_cells.insert(first_cell);
@@ -521,18 +521,18 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 
 		for (auto wire : module->wires())
 		{
-			if (wire->attributes.count("\\init") == 0)
+			if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init)) == 0)
 				continue;
 
 			SigSpec initsig = sigmap(wire);
-			Const &initval = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
+			Const &initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initsig) && i < GetSize(initval); i++)
 				if (remove_init.count(initsig[i]))
 					initval[i] = State::Sx;
 
 			if (SigSpec(initval).is_fully_undef())
-				wire->attributes.erase("\\init");
+				wire->attributes.erase(ID(\\init));
 		}
 
 		remove_cells.clear();
@@ -717,19 +717,19 @@ struct ShregmapPass : public Pass {
 			bool en_neg = enpol == "neg" || enpol == "any" || enpol == "any_or_none";
 
 			if (clk_pos && en_none)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_P_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_P_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
 			if (clk_neg && en_none)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_N_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_N_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
 
 			if (clk_pos && en_pos)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PP_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PP_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
 			if (clk_pos && en_neg)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PN_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PN_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
 
 			if (clk_neg && en_pos)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NP_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NP_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
 			if (clk_neg && en_neg)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NN_)] = make_pair(IdString("\\D"), IdString("\\Q"));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NN_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
 
 			if (en_pos || en_neg)
 				opts.ffe = true;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc b/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
index c5ca4f5c2..8cef1ffaa 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
@@ -28,37 +28,37 @@ YOSYS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 void simplemap_not(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
-	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool());
+	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_pos(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
-	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool());
+	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 	module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_a));
 }
 
 void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
-	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool());
-	sig_b.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at("\\B_SIGNED").as_bool());
+	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
+	sig_b.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(\\B_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 	if (cell->type == ID($xnor))
 	{
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
-			gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-			gate->setPort("\\A", sig_t[i]);
-			gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y[i]);
+			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_t[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
 		}
 
 		sig_y = sig_t;
@@ -83,17 +83,17 @@ void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\B", sig_b[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig_b[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 			}
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-			gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-			gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a[i]);
-			gate->setPort("\\B", sig_a[i+1]);
-			gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_t[i/2]);
+			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig_a[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_t[i/2]);
 			last_output_cell = gate;
 		}
 
@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_t = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-		gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_t);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_t);
 		last_output_cell = gate;
 		sig_a = sig_t;
 	}
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	if (last_output_cell == NULL) {
 		module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_a));
 	} else {
-		last_output_cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+		last_output_cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -175,10 +175,10 @@ static void logic_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Cell
 			}
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_OR_));
-			gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-			gate->setPort("\\A", sig[i]);
-			gate->setPort("\\B", sig[i+1]);
-			gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_t[i/2]);
+			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_t[i/2]);
 		}
 
 		sig = sig_t;
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ static void logic_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Cell
 
 void simplemap_lognot(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_a, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -204,20 +204,20 @@ void simplemap_lognot(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	}
 
 	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
-	gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-	gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+	gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+	gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a);
+	gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y);
 }
 
 void simplemap_logbin(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_a, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_b, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -233,35 +233,35 @@ void simplemap_logbin(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	log_assert(!gate_type.empty());
 
 	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-	gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-	gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a);
-	gate->setPort("\\B", sig_b);
-	gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y);
+	gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+	gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a);
+	gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig_b);
+	gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y);
 }
 
 void simplemap_eqne(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
-	bool is_signed = cell->parameters.at("\\A_SIGNED").as_bool();
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	bool is_signed = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	bool is_ne = cell->type.in(ID($ne), ID($nex));
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec xor_out = module->addWire(NEW_ID, max(GetSize(sig_a), GetSize(sig_b)));
 	RTLIL::Cell *xor_cell = module->addXor(NEW_ID, sig_a, sig_b, xor_out, is_signed);
-	xor_cell->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
+	xor_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
 	simplemap_bitop(module, xor_cell);
 	module->remove(xor_cell);
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec reduce_out = is_ne ? sig_y : module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 	RTLIL::Cell *reduce_cell = module->addReduceOr(NEW_ID, xor_out, reduce_out);
-	reduce_cell->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
+	reduce_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
 	simplemap_reduce(module, reduce_cell);
 	module->remove(reduce_cell);
 
 	if (!is_ne) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *not_cell = module->addLogicNot(NEW_ID, reduce_out, sig_y);
-		not_cell->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
+		not_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
 		simplemap_lognot(module, not_cell);
 		module->remove(not_cell);
 	}
@@ -269,65 +269,65 @@ void simplemap_eqne(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void simplemap_mux(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort("\\B");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\B", sig_b[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\S", cell->getPort("\\S"));
-		gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig_b[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\S), cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_tribuf(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_e = cell->getPort("\\EN");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_e = cell->getPort(ID(\\EN));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_TBUF_));
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\A", sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\E", sig_e);
-		gate->setPort("\\Y", sig_y[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\E), sig_e);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_lut(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec lut_ctrl = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	SigSpec lut_data = cell->getParam("\\LUT");
-	lut_data.extend_u0(1 << cell->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int());
+	SigSpec lut_ctrl = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	SigSpec lut_data = cell->getParam(ID(\\LUT));
+	lut_data.extend_u0(1 << cell->getParam(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int());
 
 	for (int idx = 0; GetSize(lut_data) > 1; idx++) {
 		SigSpec sig_s = lut_ctrl[idx];
 		SigSpec new_lut_data = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(lut_data)/2);
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(lut_data); i += 2) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
-			gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-			gate->setPort("\\A", lut_data[i]);
-			gate->setPort("\\B", lut_data[i+1]);
-			gate->setPort("\\S", lut_ctrl[idx]);
-			gate->setPort("\\Y", new_lut_data[i/2]);
+			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\A), lut_data[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\B), lut_data[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\S), lut_ctrl[idx]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), new_lut_data[i/2]);
 		}
 		lut_data = new_lut_data;
 	}
 
-	module->connect(cell->getPort("\\Y"), lut_data);
+	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), lut_data);
 }
 
 void simplemap_sop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec ctrl = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	SigSpec table = cell->getParam("\\TABLE");
+	SigSpec ctrl = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	SigSpec table = cell->getParam(ID(\\TABLE));
 
-	int width = cell->getParam("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-	int depth = cell->getParam("\\DEPTH").as_int();
+	int width = cell->getParam(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+	int depth = cell->getParam(ID(\\DEPTH)).as_int();
 	table.extend_u0(2 * width * depth);
 
 	SigSpec products;
@@ -348,177 +348,177 @@ void simplemap_sop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		products.append(GetSize(in) > 0 ? module->Eq(NEW_ID, in, pat) : State::S1);
 	}
 
-	module->connect(cell->getPort("\\Y"), module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, products));
+	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, products));
 }
 
 void simplemap_slice(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int offset = cell->parameters.at("\\OFFSET").as_int();
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	int offset = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\OFFSET)).as_int();
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 	module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_a.extract(offset, sig_y.size())));
 }
 
 void simplemap_concat(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ab = cell->getPort("\\A");
-	sig_ab.append(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ab = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	sig_ab.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
 	module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_ab));
 }
 
 void simplemap_sr(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-	char set_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\SET_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char clr_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\CLR_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char set_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\SET_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char clr_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort("\\SET");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_r = cell->getPort("\\CLR");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(\\SET));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_r = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLR));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 
 	std::string gate_type = stringf("$_SR_%c%c_", set_pol, clr_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\S", sig_s[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\R", sig_r[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Q", sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\S), sig_s[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\R), sig_r[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_ff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = ID($_FF_);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\D", sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Q", sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_dff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\CLK_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort("\\CLK");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFF_%c_", clk_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\C", sig_clk);
-		gate->setPort("\\D", sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Q", sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\C), sig_clk);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_dffe(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\CLK_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char en_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\EN_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char en_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\EN_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort("\\CLK");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort("\\EN");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort(ID(\\EN));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_pol, en_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\C", sig_clk);
-		gate->setPort("\\E", sig_en);
-		gate->setPort("\\D", sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Q", sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\C), sig_clk);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\E), sig_en);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\CLK_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char set_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\SET_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char clr_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\CLR_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char set_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\SET_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char clr_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort("\\CLK");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort("\\SET");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_r = cell->getPort("\\CLR");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(\\SET));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_r = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLR));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFFSR_%c%c%c_", clk_pol, set_pol, clr_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\C", sig_clk);
-		gate->setPort("\\S", sig_s[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\R", sig_r[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\D", sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Q", sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\C), sig_clk);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\S), sig_s[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\R), sig_r[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_adff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\CLK_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char rst_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\ARST_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char rst_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	std::vector<RTLIL::State> rst_val = cell->parameters.at("\\ARST_VALUE").bits;
+	std::vector<RTLIL::State> rst_val = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\ARST_VALUE)).bits;
 	while (int(rst_val.size()) < width)
 		rst_val.push_back(RTLIL::State::S0);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort("\\CLK");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_rst = cell->getPort("\\ARST");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_rst = cell->getPort(ID(\\ARST));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type_0 = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c0_", clk_pol, rst_pol);
 	IdString gate_type_1 = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c1_", clk_pol, rst_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, rst_val.at(i) == RTLIL::State::S1 ? gate_type_1 : gate_type_0);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\C", sig_clk);
-		gate->setPort("\\R", sig_rst);
-		gate->setPort("\\D", sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Q", sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\C), sig_clk);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\R), sig_rst);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_dlatch(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at("\\WIDTH").as_int();
-	char en_pol = cell->parameters.at("\\EN_POLARITY").as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char en_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\EN_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort("\\EN");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort(ID(\\EN));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DLATCH_%c_", en_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src"));
-		gate->setPort("\\E", sig_en);
-		gate->setPort("\\D", sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort("\\Q", sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\E), sig_en);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
index 981af7a5e..cf283002a 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
@@ -39,20 +39,20 @@ YOSYS_NAMESPACE_END
 USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
-void apply_prefix(std::string prefix, std::string &id)
+void apply_prefix(IdString prefix, IdString &id)
 {
 	if (id[0] == '\\')
-		id = prefix + "." + id.substr(1);
+		id = stringf("%s.%s", prefix.c_str(), id.c_str()+1);
 	else
-		id = "$techmap" + prefix + "." + id;
+		id = stringf("$techmap%s.%s", prefix.c_str(), id.c_str());
 }
 
-void apply_prefix(std::string prefix, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Module *module)
+void apply_prefix(IdString prefix, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Module *module)
 {
 	vector<SigChunk> chunks = sig;
 	for (auto &chunk : chunks)
 		if (chunk.wire != NULL) {
-			std::string wire_name = chunk.wire->name.str();
+			IdString wire_name = chunk.wire->name;
 			apply_prefix(prefix, wire_name);
 			log_assert(module->wires_.count(wire_name) > 0);
 			chunk.wire = module->wires_[wire_name];
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				record.wire = it.second;
 				record.value = it.second;
 				result[p].push_back(record);
-				it.second->attributes["\\keep"] = RTLIL::Const(1);
-				it.second->attributes["\\_techmap_special_"] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+				it.second->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+				it.second->attributes[ID(\\_techmap_special_)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 		}
 
 		std::string orig_cell_name;
-		pool<string> extra_src_attrs = cell->get_strpool_attribute("\\src");
+		pool<string> extra_src_attrs = cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src));
 
 		if (!flatten_mode) {
 			for (auto &it : tpl->cells_)
-				if (it.first == "\\_TECHMAP_REPLACE_") {
+				if (it.first == ID(\\_TECHMAP_REPLACE_)) {
 					orig_cell_name = cell->name.str();
 					module->rename(cell, stringf("$techmap%d", autoidx++) + cell->name.str());
 					break;
@@ -189,16 +189,16 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 		dict<IdString, IdString> memory_renames;
 
 		for (auto &it : tpl->memories) {
-			std::string m_name = it.first.str();
-			apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), m_name);
+			IdString m_name = it.first;
+			apply_prefix(cell->name, m_name);
 			RTLIL::Memory *m = new RTLIL::Memory;
 			m->name = m_name;
 			m->width = it.second->width;
 			m->start_offset = it.second->start_offset;
 			m->size = it.second->size;
 			m->attributes = it.second->attributes;
-			if (m->attributes.count("\\src"))
-				m->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", extra_src_attrs);
+			if (m->attributes.count(ID(\\src)))
+				m->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), extra_src_attrs);
 			module->memories[m->name] = m;
 			memory_renames[it.first] = m->name;
 			design->select(module, m);
@@ -209,16 +209,16 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 		for (auto &it : tpl->wires_) {
 			if (it.second->port_id > 0)
 				positional_ports[stringf("$%d", it.second->port_id)] = it.first;
-			std::string w_name = it.second->name.str();
-			apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), w_name);
+			IdString w_name = it.second->name;
+			apply_prefix(cell->name, w_name);
 			RTLIL::Wire *w = module->addWire(w_name, it.second);
 			w->port_input = false;
 			w->port_output = false;
 			w->port_id = 0;
-			if (it.second->get_bool_attribute("\\_techmap_special_"))
+			if (it.second->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\_techmap_special_)))
 				w->attributes.clear();
-			if (w->attributes.count("\\src"))
-				w->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", extra_src_attrs);
+			if (w->attributes.count(ID(\\src)))
+				w->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), extra_src_attrs);
 			design->select(module, w);
 		}
 
@@ -257,18 +257,18 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 			if (w->port_output && !w->port_input) {
 				c.first = it.second;
 				c.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(w);
-				apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), c.second, module);
+				apply_prefix(cell->name, c.second, module);
 				extra_connect.first = c.second;
 				extra_connect.second = c.first;
 			} else if (!w->port_output && w->port_input) {
 				c.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(w);
 				c.second = it.second;
-				apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), c.first, module);
+				apply_prefix(cell->name, c.first, module);
 				extra_connect.first = c.first;
 				extra_connect.second = c.second;
 			} else {
 				SigSpec sig_tpl = w, sig_tpl_pf = w, sig_mod = it.second;
-				apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), sig_tpl_pf, module);
+				apply_prefix(cell->name, sig_tpl_pf, module);
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_tpl) && i < GetSize(sig_mod); i++) {
 					if (tpl_written_bits.count(tpl_sigmap(sig_tpl[i]))) {
 						c.first.append(sig_mod[i]);
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				}
 
 				for (auto &attr : w->attributes) {
-					if (attr.first == "\\src")
+					if (attr.first == ID(\\src))
 						continue;
 					module->connect(extra_connect);
 					break;
@@ -330,13 +330,13 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 
 		for (auto &it : tpl->cells_)
 		{
-			std::string c_name = it.second->name.str();
-			bool techmap_replace_cell = (!flatten_mode) && (c_name == "\\_TECHMAP_REPLACE_");
+			IdString c_name = it.second->name.str();
+			bool techmap_replace_cell = (!flatten_mode) && (c_name == ID(\\_TECHMAP_REPLACE_));
 
 			if (techmap_replace_cell)
 				c_name = orig_cell_name;
 			else
-				apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), c_name);
+				apply_prefix(cell->name, c_name);
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *c = module->addCell(c_name, it.second);
 			design->select(module, c);
@@ -345,24 +345,24 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				c->type = c->type.substr(1);
 
 			for (auto &it2 : c->connections_) {
-				apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), it2.second, module);
+				apply_prefix(cell->name, it2.second, module);
 				port_signal_map.apply(it2.second);
 			}
 
 			if (c->type.in(ID($memrd), ID($memwr), ID($meminit))) {
-				IdString memid = c->getParam("\\MEMID").decode_string();
+				IdString memid = c->getParam(ID(\\MEMID)).decode_string();
 				log_assert(memory_renames.count(memid) != 0);
-				c->setParam("\\MEMID", Const(memory_renames[memid].str()));
+				c->setParam(ID(\\MEMID), Const(memory_renames[memid].str()));
 			}
 
 			if (c->type == ID($mem)) {
-				string memid = c->getParam("\\MEMID").decode_string();
-				apply_prefix(cell->name.str(), memid);
-				c->setParam("\\MEMID", Const(memid));
+				IdString memid = c->getParam(ID(\\MEMID)).decode_string();
+				apply_prefix(cell->name, memid);
+				c->setParam(ID(\\MEMID), Const(memid.c_str()));
 			}
 
-			if (c->attributes.count("\\src"))
-				c->add_strpool_attribute("\\src", extra_src_attrs);
+			if (c->attributes.count(ID(\\src)))
+				c->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), extra_src_attrs);
 
 			if (techmap_replace_cell)
 				for (auto attr : cell->attributes)
@@ -416,9 +416,9 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 			}
 
 			if (flatten_mode) {
-				bool keepit = cell->get_bool_attribute("\\keep_hierarchy");
+				bool keepit = cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep_hierarchy));
 				for (auto &tpl_name : celltypeMap.at(cell_type))
-					if (map->modules_[tpl_name]->get_bool_attribute("\\keep_hierarchy"))
+					if (map->modules_[tpl_name]->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep_hierarchy)))
 						keepit = true;
 				if (keepit) {
 					if (!flatten_keep_list[cell]) {
@@ -484,13 +484,13 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				{
 					std::string extmapper_name;
 
-					if (tpl->get_bool_attribute("\\techmap_simplemap"))
+					if (tpl->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\techmap_simplemap)))
 						extmapper_name = "simplemap";
 
-					if (tpl->get_bool_attribute("\\techmap_maccmap"))
+					if (tpl->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\techmap_maccmap)))
 						extmapper_name = "maccmap";
 
-					if (tpl->attributes.count("\\techmap_wrap"))
+					if (tpl->attributes.count(ID(\\techmap_wrap)))
 						extmapper_name = "wrap";
 
 					if (!extmapper_name.empty())
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 								m_name += stringf(":%s=%s", log_id(c.first), log_signal(c.second));
 
 							if (extmapper_name == "wrap")
-								m_name += ":" + sha1(tpl->attributes.at("\\techmap_wrap").decode_string());
+								m_name += ":" + sha1(tpl->attributes.at(ID(\\techmap_wrap)).decode_string());
 
 							RTLIL::Design *extmapper_design = extern_mode && !in_recursion ? design : tpl->design;
 							RTLIL::Module *extmapper_module = extmapper_design->module(m_name);
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 								int port_counter = 1;
 								for (auto &c : extmapper_cell->connections_) {
 									RTLIL::Wire *w = extmapper_module->addWire(c.first, GetSize(c.second));
-									if (w->name.in("\\Y", "\\Q"))
+									if (w->name.in(ID(\\Y), ID(\\Q)))
 										w->port_output = true;
 									else
 										w->port_input = true;
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 								}
 
 								if (extmapper_name == "wrap") {
-									std::string cmd_string = tpl->attributes.at("\\techmap_wrap").decode_string();
+									std::string cmd_string = tpl->attributes.at(ID(\\techmap_wrap)).decode_string();
 									log("Running \"%s\" on wrapper %s.\n", cmd_string.c_str(), log_id(extmapper_module));
 									mkdebug.on();
 									Pass::call_on_module(extmapper_design, extmapper_module, cmd_string);
@@ -616,8 +616,8 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 						continue;
 					}
 
-					if (tpl->avail_parameters.count("\\_TECHMAP_CELLTYPE_") != 0)
-						parameters["\\_TECHMAP_CELLTYPE_"] = RTLIL::unescape_id(cell->type);
+					if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(ID(\\_TECHMAP_CELLTYPE_)) != 0)
+						parameters[ID(\\_TECHMAP_CELLTYPE_)] = RTLIL::unescape_id(cell->type);
 
 					for (auto conn : cell->connections()) {
 						if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(stringf("\\_TECHMAP_CONSTMSK_%s_", RTLIL::id2cstr(conn.first))) != 0) {
@@ -656,8 +656,8 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 							bits = i;
 					// Increment index by one to get number of bits
 					bits++;
-					if (tpl->avail_parameters.count("\\_TECHMAP_BITS_CONNMAP_"))
-						parameters["\\_TECHMAP_BITS_CONNMAP_"] = bits;
+					if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(ID(\\_TECHMAP_BITS_CONNMAP_)))
+						parameters[ID(\\_TECHMAP_BITS_CONNMAP_)] = bits;
 
 					for (auto conn : cell->connections())
 						if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(stringf("\\_TECHMAP_CONNMAP_%s_", RTLIL::id2cstr(conn.first))) != 0) {
@@ -1136,8 +1136,8 @@ struct TechmapPass : public Pass {
 
 		std::map<RTLIL::IdString, std::set<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::sort_by_id_str>> celltypeMap;
 		for (auto &it : map->modules_) {
-			if (it.second->attributes.count("\\techmap_celltype") && !it.second->attributes.at("\\techmap_celltype").bits.empty()) {
-				char *p = strdup(it.second->attributes.at("\\techmap_celltype").decode_string().c_str());
+			if (it.second->attributes.count(ID(\\techmap_celltype)) && !it.second->attributes.at(ID(\\techmap_celltype)).bits.empty()) {
+				char *p = strdup(it.second->attributes.at(ID(\\techmap_celltype)).decode_string().c_str());
 				for (char *q = strtok(p, " \t\r\n"); q; q = strtok(NULL, " \t\r\n"))
 					celltypeMap[RTLIL::escape_id(q)].insert(it.first);
 				free(p);
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ struct FlattenPass : public Pass {
 		RTLIL::Module *top_mod = NULL;
 		if (design->full_selection())
 			for (auto mod : design->modules())
-				if (mod->get_bool_attribute("\\top"))
+				if (mod->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\top)))
 					top_mod = mod;
 
 		std::set<RTLIL::Cell*> handled_cells;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc b/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
index 9e759fb33..e2024d496 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
@@ -64,37 +64,37 @@ struct TribufWorker {
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
 			if (cell->type == ID($tribuf))
-				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))].push_back(cell);
+				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))].push_back(cell);
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_))
-				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))].push_back(cell);
+				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))].push_back(cell);
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)))
 			{
-				IdString en_port = cell->type == ID($mux) ? "\\EN" : "\\E";
+				IdString en_port = cell->type == ID($mux) ? ID(\\EN) : ID(\\E);
 				IdString tri_type = cell->type == ID($mux) ? ID($tribuf) : ID($_TBUF_);
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort("\\A")) && is_all_z(cell->getPort("\\B"))) {
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(\\A))) && is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)))) {
 					module->remove(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort("\\A"))) {
-					cell->setPort("\\A", cell->getPort("\\B"));
-					cell->setPort(en_port, cell->getPort("\\S"));
-					cell->unsetPort("\\B");
-					cell->unsetPort("\\S");
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)))) {
+					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+					cell->setPort(en_port, cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(\\B));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(\\S));
 					cell->type = tri_type;
-					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))].push_back(cell);
+					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))].push_back(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort("\\B"))) {
-					cell->setPort(en_port, module->Not(NEW_ID, cell->getPort("\\S")));
-					cell->unsetPort("\\B");
-					cell->unsetPort("\\S");
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)))) {
+					cell->setPort(en_port, module->Not(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\S))));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(\\B));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(\\S));
 					cell->type = tri_type;
-					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Y"))].push_back(cell);
+					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))].push_back(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 			}
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ struct TribufWorker {
 				SigSpec pmux_b, pmux_s;
 				for (auto cell : it.second) {
 					if (cell->type == ID($tribuf))
-						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort("\\EN"));
+						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\EN)));
 					else
-						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort("\\E"));
-					pmux_b.append(cell->getPort("\\A"));
+						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\E)));
+					pmux_b.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
 					module->remove(cell);
 				}
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/zinit.cc b/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
index 597d4846a..a457b083f 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 
 			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires())
 			{
-				if (wire->attributes.count("\\init") == 0)
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init)) == 0)
 					continue;
 
 				SigSpec wirebits = sigmap(wire);
-				Const initval = wire->attributes.at("\\init");
-				wire->attributes.erase("\\init");
+				Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
+				wire->attributes.erase(ID(\\init));
 
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wirebits) && i < GetSize(initval); i++)
 				{
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 				if (!dff_types.count(cell->type))
 					continue;
 
-				SigSpec sig_d = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\D"));
-				SigSpec sig_q = sigmap(cell->getPort("\\Q"));
+				SigSpec sig_d = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\D)));
+				SigSpec sig_q = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)));
 
 				if (GetSize(sig_d) < 1 || GetSize(sig_q) < 1)
 					continue;
@@ -120,14 +120,14 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 				}
 
 				Wire *initwire = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(initval));
-				initwire->attributes["\\init"] = initval;
+				initwire->attributes[ID(\\init)] = initval;
 
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initwire); i++)
 					if (initval.bits.at(i) == State::S1)
 					{
 						sig_d[i] = module->NotGate(NEW_ID, sig_d[i]);
 						module->addNotGate(NEW_ID, SigSpec(initwire, i), sig_q[i]);
-						initwire->attributes["\\init"].bits.at(i) = State::S0;
+						initwire->attributes[ID(\\init)].bits.at(i) = State::S0;
 					}
 					else
 					{
@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 				log("FF init value for cell %s (%s): %s = %s\n", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type),
 						log_signal(sig_q), log_signal(initval));
 
-				cell->setPort("\\D", sig_d);
-				cell->setPort("\\Q", initwire);
+				cell->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d);
+				cell->setPort(ID(\\Q), initwire);
 			}
 
 			for (auto &it : initbits)

From 467c34eff05bd62fd64c35f07fe140f33edf4511 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 10:24:35 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 075/197] Convert a few more to ID

---
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index fcdc1d173..330c56e22 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -478,19 +478,19 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (detect_const_and && (found_zero || found_inv)) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.const_and");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "const_and", "\\Y", RTLIL::State::S0);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "const_and", ID(Y), RTLIL::State::S0);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 
 			if (detect_const_or && (found_one || found_inv)) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.const_or");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "const_or", "\\Y", RTLIL::State::S1);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "const_or", ID(Y), RTLIL::State::S1);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 
 			if (non_const_input != State::Sm && !found_undef) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.and_or_buffer");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "and_or_buffer", "\\Y", non_const_input);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "and_or_buffer", ID(Y), non_const_input);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 		}
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				did_something = true;
 			} else {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.unary_buffer");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "unary_buffer", "\\Y", cell->getPort("\\A"));
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "unary_buffer", "\\Y", cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			}
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
@@ -669,13 +669,13 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type == "$alu")
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\B"));
-				RTLIL::SigBit sig_ci = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\CI"));
-				RTLIL::SigBit sig_bi = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\BI"));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_x = cell->getPort("\\X");
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort("\\Y");
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_co = cell->getPort("\\CO");
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigBit sig_ci = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(CI)));
+				RTLIL::SigBit sig_bi = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(BI)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_x = cell->getPort(ID(X));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_co = cell->getPort(ID(CO));
 
 				if (sig_ci.wire || sig_bi.wire)
 					goto next_cell;
@@ -704,11 +704,11 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				}
 				if (i > 0) {
 					cover("opt.opt_expr.fine.$alu");
-					cell->setPort("\\A", sig_a.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort("\\B", sig_b.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort("\\X", sig_x.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort("\\Y", sig_y.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort("\\CO", sig_co.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID(X), sig_x.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID(CO), sig_co.extract_end(i));
 					cell->fixup_parameters();
 					did_something = true;
 				}
@@ -737,9 +737,9 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.xbit", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx",
 						"$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt", "$neg", "$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod", "$pow", cell->type.str());
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt)))
-					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", "\\Y", RTLIL::State::Sx);
+					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID(Y), RTLIL::State::Sx);
 				else
-					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", "\\Y", RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx, cell->getPort("\\Y").size()));
+					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx, cell->getPort(ID(Y)).size()));
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 		}
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) && cell->getPort(ID(Y)).size() == 1 &&
 				invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)))) != 0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.invert.double", "$_NOT_", "$not", "$logic_not", cell->type.str());
-			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "double_invert", "\\Y", invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort("\\A"))));
+			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "double_invert", ID(Y), invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID("A")))));
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.isneq", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", cell->type.str());
 					RTLIL::SigSpec new_y = RTLIL::SigSpec(cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx)) ?  RTLIL::State::S0 : RTLIL::State::S1);
 					new_y.extend_u0(cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int(), false);
-					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "isneq", "\\Y", new_y);
+					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "isneq", ID(Y), new_y);
 					goto next_cell;
 				}
 				if (a[i] == b[i])

From 02dead2e60e802986ac80137667e399d45233cdc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 10:25:54 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 076/197] ID(\\.*) -> ID(.*)

---
 passes/techmap/abc.cc             | 270 ++++++++++++-------------
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc            |  60 +++---
 passes/techmap/alumacc.cc         |  60 +++---
 passes/techmap/deminout.cc        |   4 +-
 passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc        |  58 +++---
 passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc        |  18 +-
 passes/techmap/dffinit.cc         |  10 +-
 passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc       |   6 +-
 passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc       |  52 ++---
 passes/techmap/extract.cc         |  62 +++---
 passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc | 138 ++++++-------
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc      |  38 ++--
 passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc  |  26 +--
 passes/techmap/flowmap.cc         |   6 +-
 passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc        |  14 +-
 passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc         |   6 +-
 passes/techmap/maccmap.cc         |  44 ++--
 passes/techmap/muxcover.cc        |  96 ++++-----
 passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc         |   2 +-
 passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc        |  10 +-
 passes/techmap/shregmap.cc        | 108 +++++-----
 passes/techmap/simplemap.cc       | 326 +++++++++++++++---------------
 passes/techmap/techmap.cc         |  64 +++---
 passes/techmap/tribuf.cc          |  36 ++--
 passes/techmap/zinit.cc           |  18 +-
 25 files changed, 766 insertions(+), 766 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc.cc b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
index 8edf1d207..20ebc73c8 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 	{
 		if (clk_polarity != (cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_)))
 			return;
-		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))))
+		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(C))))
 			return;
 		if (GetSize(en_sig) != 0)
 			return;
@@ -183,22 +183,22 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 			return;
 		if (en_polarity != cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 			return;
-		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))))
+		if (clk_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(C))))
 			return;
-		if (en_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\E))))
+		if (en_sig != assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(E))))
 			return;
 		goto matching_dff;
 	}
 
 	if (0) {
 	matching_dff:
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 		if (keepff)
 			for (auto &c : sig_q.chunks())
 				if (c.wire != NULL)
-					c.wire->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = 1;
+					c.wire->attributes[ID(keep)] = 1;
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_d);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_q);
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_BUF_), ID($_NOT_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_y);
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(\\S));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(S));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -283,10 +283,10 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(\\C));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(C));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -305,11 +305,11 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(\\C));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(C));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 		extract_cell(c, keepff);
 
 	for (auto &wire_it : module->wires_) {
-		if (wire_it.second->port_id > 0 || wire_it.second->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep)))
+		if (wire_it.second->port_id > 0 || wire_it.second->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 			mark_port(RTLIL::SigSpec(wire_it.second));
 	}
 
@@ -1016,21 +1016,21 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 
 		bool builtin_lib = liberty_file.empty();
 		RTLIL::Design *mapped_design = new RTLIL::Design;
-		parse_blif(mapped_design, ifs, builtin_lib ? ID(\\DFF) : ID(\\_dff_), false, sop_mode);
+		parse_blif(mapped_design, ifs, builtin_lib ? ID(DFF) : ID(_dff_), false, sop_mode);
 
 		ifs.close();
 
 		log_header(design, "Re-integrating ABC results.\n");
-		RTLIL::Module *mapped_mod = mapped_design->modules_[ID(\\netlist)];
+		RTLIL::Module *mapped_mod = mapped_design->modules_[ID(netlist)];
 		if (mapped_mod == NULL)
 			log_error("ABC output file does not contain a module `netlist'.\n");
 		for (auto &it : mapped_mod->wires_) {
 			RTLIL::Wire *w = it.second;
 			RTLIL::Wire *orig_wire = nullptr;
 			RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->addWire(remap_name(w->name, &orig_wire));
-			if (orig_wire != nullptr && orig_wire->attributes.count(ID(\\src)))
-				wire->attributes[ID(\\src)] = orig_wire->attributes[ID(\\src)];
-			if (markgroups) wire->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+			if (orig_wire != nullptr && orig_wire->attributes.count(ID(src)))
+				wire->attributes[ID(src)] = orig_wire->attributes[ID(src)];
+			if (markgroups) wire->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 			design->select(module, wire);
 		}
 
@@ -1040,127 +1040,127 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 			if (builtin_lib)
 			{
 				cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
-				if (c->type.in(ID(\\ZERO), ID(\\ONE))) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(ZERO), ID(ONE))) {
 					RTLIL::SigSig conn;
-					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]);
-					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == ID(\\ZERO) ? 0 : 1, 1);
+					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == ID(ZERO) ? 0 : 1, 1);
 					module->connect(conn);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == ID(\\BUF)) {
+				if (c->type == ID(BUF)) {
 					RTLIL::SigSig conn;
-					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]);
-					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]);
 					module->connect(conn);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == ID(\\NOT)) {
+				if (c->type == ID(NOT)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_NOT_));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type.in(ID(\\AND), ID(\\OR), ID(\\XOR), ID(\\NAND), ID(\\NOR), ID(\\XNOR), ID(\\ANDNOT), ID(\\ORNOT))) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(AND), ID(OR), ID(XOR), ID(NAND), ID(NOR), ID(XNOR), ID(ANDNOT), ID(ORNOT))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type.in(ID(\\MUX), ID(\\NMUX))) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(MUX), ID(NMUX))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\S)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(S)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == ID(\\MUX4)) {
+				if (c->type == ID(MUX4)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX4_));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\S)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\T)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(S)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(T)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == ID(\\MUX8)) {
+				if (c->type == ID(MUX8)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX8_));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\E), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\E)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\F), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\F)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\G), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\G)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\H), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\H)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\S)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\T)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\U), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\U)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(E), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(E)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(F), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(F)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(G), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(G)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(H), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(H)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(S)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(T)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(U), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(U)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == ID(\\MUX16)) {
+				if (c->type == ID(MUX16)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX16_));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\E), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\E)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\F), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\F)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\G), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\G)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\H), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\H)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\I), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\I)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\J), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\J)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\K), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\K)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\L), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\L)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\M), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\M)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\N), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\N)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\O), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\O)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\P), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\P)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\S)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\T)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\U), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\U)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\V), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\V)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(E), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(E)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(F), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(F)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(G), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(G)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(H), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(H)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(I), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(I)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(J), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(J)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(K), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(K)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(L), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(L)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(M), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(M)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(N), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(N)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(O), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(O)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(P), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(P)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(S)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(T)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(U), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(U)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(V), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(V)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type.in(ID(\\AOI3), ID(\\OAI3))) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(AOI3), ID(OAI3))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type.in(ID(\\AOI4), ID(\\OAI4))) {
+				if (c->type.in(ID(AOI4), ID(OAI4))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\B)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\C)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (c->type == ID(\\DFF)) {
+				if (c->type == ID(DFF)) {
 					log_assert(clk_sig.size() == 1);
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell;
 					if (en_sig.size() == 0) {
@@ -1168,12 +1168,12 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					} else {
 						log_assert(en_sig.size() == 1);
 						cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-						cell->setPort(ID(\\E), en_sig);
+						cell->setPort(ID(E), en_sig);
 					}
-					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Q), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Q)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), clk_sig);
+					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(Q), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Q)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID(C), clk_sig);
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -1181,15 +1181,15 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 			else
 				cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
 
-			if (c->type.in(ID(\\_const0_), ID(\\_const1_))) {
+			if (c->type.in(ID(_const0_), ID(_const1_))) {
 				RTLIL::SigSig conn;
 				conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->connections().begin()->second.as_wire()->name)]);
-				conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == ID(\\_const0_) ? 0 : 1, 1);
+				conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == ID(_const0_) ? 0 : 1, 1);
 				module->connect(conn);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (c->type == ID(\\_dff_)) {
+			if (c->type == ID(_dff_)) {
 				log_assert(clk_sig.size() == 1);
 				RTLIL::Cell *cell;
 				if (en_sig.size() == 0) {
@@ -1197,25 +1197,25 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 				} else {
 					log_assert(en_sig.size() == 1);
 					cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_polarity ? 'P' : 'N', en_polarity ? 'P' : 'N'));
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\E), en_sig);
+					cell->setPort(ID(E), en_sig);
 				}
-				if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-				cell->setPort(ID(\\D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\D)).as_wire()->name)]));
-				cell->setPort(ID(\\Q), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Q)).as_wire()->name)]));
-				cell->setPort(ID(\\C), clk_sig);
+				if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+				cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
+				cell->setPort(ID(Q), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Q)).as_wire()->name)]));
+				cell->setPort(ID(C), clk_sig);
 				design->select(module, cell);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (c->type == ID($lut) && GetSize(c->getPort(ID(\\A))) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(\\LUT)).as_int() == 2) {
-				SigSpec my_a = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name)];
-				SigSpec my_y = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name)];
+			if (c->type == ID($lut) && GetSize(c->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(LUT)).as_int() == 2) {
+				SigSpec my_a = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)];
+				SigSpec my_y = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)];
 				module->connect(my_y, my_a);
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), c->type);
-			if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+			if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 			cell->parameters = c->parameters;
 			for (auto &conn : c->connections()) {
 				RTLIL::SigSpec newsig;
@@ -1240,10 +1240,10 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 
 		if (recover_init)
 			for (auto wire : mapped_mod->wires()) {
-				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
 					Wire *w = module->wires_[remap_name(wire->name)];
-					log_assert(w->attributes.count(ID(\\init)) == 0);
-					w->attributes[ID(\\init)] = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
+					log_assert(w->attributes.count(ID(init)) == 0);
+					w->attributes[ID(init)] = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -1798,9 +1798,9 @@ struct AbcPass : public Pass {
 			signal_init.clear();
 
 			for (Wire *wire : mod->wires())
-				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
 					SigSpec initsig = assign_map(wire);
-					Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
+					Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 					for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initsig) && i < GetSize(initval); i++)
 						switch (initval[i]) {
 							case State::S0:
@@ -1859,14 +1859,14 @@ struct AbcPass : public Pass {
 
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 				{
-					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
+					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(C))), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
 				}
 				else
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 				{
 					bool this_clk_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
 					bool this_en_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
-					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\E))));
+					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(C))), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(E))));
 				}
 				else
 					continue;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index f9b9bc788..752535f34 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 	// wires
 	pool<RTLIL::Const> ids_seen;
 	for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-		auto it = cell->attributes.find(ID(\\abc_scc_id));
+		auto it = cell->attributes.find(ID(abc_scc_id));
 		if (it != cell->attributes.end()) {
 			auto r = ids_seen.insert(it->second);
 			if (r.second) {
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 							log_assert(w->port_input);
 							log_assert(b.offset < GetSize(w));
 						}
-						w->set_bool_attribute(ID(\\abc_scc_break));
+						w->set_bool_attribute(ID(abc_scc_break));
 						module->swap_names(b.wire, w);
 						c.second = RTLIL::SigBit(w, b.offset);
 					}
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 			std::vector<IdString> ports;
 			RTLIL::Module* box_module = design->module(cell->type);
 			if (box_module) {
-				auto ports_csv = box_module->attributes.at(ID(\\abc_scc_break), RTLIL::Const::from_string("")).decode_string();
+				auto ports_csv = box_module->attributes.at(ID(abc_scc_break), RTLIL::Const::from_string("")).decode_string();
 				for (const auto &port_name : split_tokens(ports_csv, ",")) {
 					auto port_id = RTLIL::escape_id(port_name);
 					auto kt = cell->connections_.find(port_id);
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 				Wire *w = b.wire;
 				if (!w) continue;
 				w->port_output = true;
-				w->set_bool_attribute(ID(\\abc_scc_break));
+				w->set_bool_attribute(ID(abc_scc_break));
 				w = module->wire(stringf("%s.abci", w->name.c_str()));
 				if (!w) {
 					w = module->addWire(stringf("%s.abci", b.wire->name.c_str()), GetSize(b.wire));
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		// the expose operation -- remove them from PO/PI
 		// and re-connecting them back together
 		for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
-			auto it = wire->attributes.find(ID(\\abc_scc_break));
+			auto it = wire->attributes.find(ID(abc_scc_break));
 			if (it != wire->attributes.end()) {
 				wire->attributes.erase(it);
 				log_assert(wire->port_output);
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		for (auto &it : mapped_mod->wires_) {
 			RTLIL::Wire *w = it.second;
 			RTLIL::Wire *remap_wire = module->addWire(remap_name(w->name), GetSize(w));
-			if (markgroups) remap_wire->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+			if (markgroups) remap_wire->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 			if (w->port_output) {
 				RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(w->name);
 				log_assert(wire);
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			auto jt = abc_box.find(cell->type);
 			if (jt == abc_box.end()) {
 				RTLIL::Module* box_module = design->module(cell->type);
-				jt = abc_box.insert(std::make_pair(cell->type, box_module && box_module->attributes.count(ID(\\abc_box_id)))).first;
+				jt = abc_box.insert(std::make_pair(cell->type, box_module && box_module->attributes.count(ID(abc_box_id)))).first;
 			}
 			if (jt->second)
 				boxes.emplace_back(cell);
@@ -582,13 +582,13 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = nullptr;
 			if (c->type == ID($_NOT_)) {
-				RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = c->getPort(ID(\\A));
-				RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = c->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+				RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = c->getPort(ID(A));
+				RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = c->getPort(ID(Y));
 				bit_users[a_bit].insert(c->name);
 				bit_drivers[y_bit].insert(c->name);
 
 				if (!a_bit.wire) {
-					c->setPort(ID(\\Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+					c->setPort(ID(Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 					RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(remap_name(y_bit.wire->name));
 					log_assert(wire);
 					module->connect(RTLIL::SigBit(wire, y_bit.offset), State::S1);
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 								RTLIL::SigBit(module->wires_.at(remap_name(a_bit.wire->name)), a_bit.offset),
 								RTLIL::SigBit(module->wires_.at(remap_name(y_bit.wire->name)), y_bit.offset),
 								RTLIL::Const::from_string("01"));
-						bit2sinks[cell->getPort(ID(\\A))].push_back(cell);
+						bit2sinks[cell->getPort(ID(A))].push_back(cell);
 						cell_stats[ID($lut)]++;
 					}
 					else
@@ -625,18 +625,18 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 				}
 				else
 					log_abort();
-				if (cell && markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+				if (cell && markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 				continue;
 			}
 			cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *existing_cell = nullptr;
 			if (c->type == ID($lut)) {
-				if (GetSize(c->getPort(ID(\\A))) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(\\LUT)) == RTLIL::Const::from_string("01")) {
-					SigSpec my_a = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_wire()->name));
-					SigSpec my_y = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_wire()->name));
+				if (GetSize(c->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(LUT)) == RTLIL::Const::from_string("01")) {
+					SigSpec my_a = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name));
+					SigSpec my_y = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name));
 					module->connect(my_y, my_a);
-					if (markgroups) c->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+					if (markgroups) c->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 					log_abort();
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 				module->swap_names(cell, existing_cell);
 			}
 
-			if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(\\abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
+			if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 			if (existing_cell) {
 				cell->parameters = existing_cell->parameters;
 				cell->attributes = existing_cell->attributes;
@@ -751,8 +751,8 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			if (it == not2drivers.end())
 				continue;
 			RTLIL::Cell *driver_lut = it->second;
-			RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-			RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+			RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 			RTLIL::Const driver_mask;
 
 			a_bit.wire = module->wires_.at(remap_name(a_bit.wire->name));
@@ -768,8 +768,8 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 
 			// Push downstream LUTs past inverter
 			for (auto sink_cell : jt->second) {
-				SigSpec A = sink_cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-				RTLIL::Const mask = sink_cell->getParam(ID(\\LUT));
+				SigSpec A = sink_cell->getPort(ID(A));
+				RTLIL::Const mask = sink_cell->getParam(ID(LUT));
 				int index = 0;
 				for (; index < GetSize(A); index++)
 					if (A[index] == a_bit)
@@ -782,8 +782,8 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 					i += 1 << (index+1);
 				}
 				A[index] = y_bit;
-				sink_cell->setPort(ID(\\A), A);
-				sink_cell->setParam(ID(\\LUT), mask);
+				sink_cell->setPort(ID(A), A);
+				sink_cell->setParam(ID(LUT), mask);
 			}
 
 			// Since we have rewritten all sinks (which we know
@@ -792,16 +792,16 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			// that the original driving LUT will become dangling
 			// and get cleaned away
 clone_lut:
-			driver_mask = driver_lut->getParam(ID(\\LUT));
+			driver_mask = driver_lut->getParam(ID(LUT));
 			for (auto &b : driver_mask.bits) {
 				if (b == RTLIL::State::S0) b = RTLIL::State::S1;
 				else if (b == RTLIL::State::S1) b = RTLIL::State::S0;
 			}
 			auto cell = module->addLut(NEW_ID,
-					driver_lut->getPort(ID(\\A)),
+					driver_lut->getPort(ID(A)),
 					y_bit,
 					driver_mask);
-			for (auto &bit : cell->connections_.at(ID(\\A))) {
+			for (auto &bit : cell->connections_.at(ID(A))) {
 				bit.wire = module->wires_.at(remap_name(bit.wire->name));
 				bit2sinks[bit].push_back(cell);
 			}
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 
 		dict<int,IdString> box_lookup;
 		for (auto m : design->modules()) {
-			auto it = m->attributes.find(ID(\\abc_box_id));
+			auto it = m->attributes.find(ID(abc_box_id));
 			if (it == m->attributes.end())
 				continue;
 			if (m->name.begins_with("$paramod"))
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 
 		for (auto mod : design->selected_modules())
 		{
-			if (mod->attributes.count(ID(\\abc_box_id)))
+			if (mod->attributes.count(ID(abc_box_id)))
 				continue;
 
 			if (mod->processes.size() > 0) {
@@ -1153,14 +1153,14 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFF_N_), ID($_DFF_P_)))
 				{
-					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
+					key = clkdomain_t(cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(C))), true, RTLIL::SigSpec());
 				}
 				else
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NN_), ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_)))
 				{
 					bool this_clk_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_PN_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
 					bool this_en_pol = cell->type.in(ID($_DFFE_NP_), ID($_DFFE_PP_));
-					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\C))), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(\\E))));
+					key = clkdomain_t(this_clk_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(C))), this_en_pol, assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(E))));
 				}
 				else
 					continue;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc b/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
index f31e85111..58ed47ccf 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_eq() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_eq) == 0)
-				cached_eq = alu_cell->module->ReduceAnd(NEW_ID, alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\X)), false, alu_cell->get_src_attribute());
+				cached_eq = alu_cell->module->ReduceAnd(NEW_ID, alu_cell->getPort(ID(X)), false, alu_cell->get_src_attribute());
 			return cached_eq;
 		}
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_cf() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_cf) == 0) {
-				cached_cf = alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\CO));
+				cached_cf = alu_cell->getPort(ID(CO));
 				log_assert(GetSize(cached_cf) >= 1);
 				cached_cf = alu_cell->module->Not(NEW_ID, cached_cf[GetSize(cached_cf)-1], false, alu_cell->get_src_attribute());
 			}
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_of() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_of) == 0) {
-				cached_of = {alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\CO)), alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\CI))};
+				cached_of = {alu_cell->getPort(ID(CO)), alu_cell->getPort(ID(CI))};
 				log_assert(GetSize(cached_of) >= 2);
 				cached_of = alu_cell->module->Xor(NEW_ID, cached_of[GetSize(cached_of)-1], cached_of[GetSize(cached_of)-2]);
 			}
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_sf() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_sf) == 0) {
-				cached_sf = alu_cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+				cached_sf = alu_cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 				cached_sf = cached_sf[GetSize(cached_sf)-1];
 			}
 			return cached_sf;
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			Macc::port_t new_port;
 
 			n->cell = cell;
-			n->y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+			n->y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 			n->users = 0;
 
 			for (auto bit : n->y)
@@ -142,30 +142,30 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($neg)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == ID($neg);
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = false;
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
-				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\B_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == ID($sub);
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mul)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-				new_port.in_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
-				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				new_port.in_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = false;
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 			}
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			n->macc.optimize(GetSize(n->y));
 			n->macc.to_cell(cell);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), n->y);
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), n->y);
 			cell->fixup_parameters();
 			module->remove(n->cell);
 			delete n;
@@ -388,11 +388,11 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			bool cmp_less = cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le));
 			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in(ID($le), ID($ge));
-			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 			if (B < A && GetSize(B)) {
 				cmp_less = !cmp_less;
@@ -428,11 +428,11 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 		for (auto cell : eq_cells)
 		{
 			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx));
-			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 			if (B < A && GetSize(B))
 				std::swap(A, B);
@@ -482,13 +482,13 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			if (n->cells.size() > 0)
 				n->alu_cell->set_src_attribute(n->cells[0]->get_src_attribute());
 
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\A), n->a);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\B), n->b);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\CI), GetSize(n->c) ? n->c : State::S0);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\BI), n->invert_b ? State::S1 : State::S0);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), n->y);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\X), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(\\CO), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(A), n->a);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(B), n->b);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(CI), GetSize(n->c) ? n->c : State::S0);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(BI), n->invert_b ? State::S1 : State::S0);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(Y), n->y);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(X), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(CO), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
 			n->alu_cell->fixup_parameters(n->is_signed, n->is_signed);
 
 			for (auto &it : n->cmp)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/deminout.cc b/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
index a51c7a41d..585732e6b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ struct DeminoutPass : public Pass {
 						for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second))
 							bits_used.insert(bit);
 
-					if (conn.first == ID(\\Y) && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf)))
+					if (conn.first == ID(Y) && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf)))
 					{
 						bool tribuf = cell->type.in(ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf));
 
 						if (!tribuf) {
 							for (auto &c : cell->connections()) {
-								if (!c.first.in(ID(\\A), ID(\\B)))
+								if (!c.first.in(ID(A), ID(B)))
 									continue;
 								for (auto b : sigmap(c.second))
 									if (b == State::Sz)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
index 9c1ee1845..24760420a 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_))) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++)
 					bit2mux[sig_y[i]] = cell_int_t(cell, i);
 			}
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 			return ret;
 
 		cell_int_t mux_cell_int = bit2mux.at(d);
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\B)));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\S)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(A)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(B)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(S)));
 		int width = GetSize(sig_a), index = mux_cell_int.second;
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_s); i++)
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				ret = find_muxtree_feedback_patterns(sig_b[i*width + index], q, path);
 
 				if (sig_b[i*width + index] == q) {
-					RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\B));
+					RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(B));
 					s[i*width + index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-					mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(\\B), s);
+					mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(B), s);
 				}
 
 				return ret;
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				ret.insert(pat);
 
 			if (sig_b[i*width + index] == q) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\B));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(B));
 				s[i*width + index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-				mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(\\B), s);
+				mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(B), s);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 			ret.insert(pat);
 
 		if (sig_a[index] == q) {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(\\A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(A));
 			s[index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-			mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(\\A), s);
+			mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(A), s);
 		}
 
 		return ret;
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 
 	void handle_dff_cell(RTLIL::Cell *dff_cell)
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = sigmap(dff_cell->getPort(ID(\\D)));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = sigmap(dff_cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = sigmap(dff_cell->getPort(ID(D)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = sigmap(dff_cell->getPort(ID(Q)));
 
 		std::map<patterns_t, std::set<int>> grouped_patterns;
 		std::set<int> remaining_indices;
@@ -208,15 +208,15 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 			}
 			if (!direct_dict.empty()) {
 				log("  converting %s cell %s to %s for %s -> %s.\n", log_id(dff_cell->type), log_id(dff_cell), log_id(direct_dict.at(dff_cell->type)), log_signal(new_sig_d), log_signal(new_sig_q));
-				dff_cell->setPort(ID(\\E), make_patterns_logic(it.first, true));
+				dff_cell->setPort(ID(E), make_patterns_logic(it.first, true));
 				dff_cell->type = direct_dict.at(dff_cell->type);
 			} else
 			if (dff_cell->type == ID($dff)) {
-				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffe(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK)), make_patterns_logic(it.first, false),
-						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->getParam(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool(), true);
+				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffe(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort(ID(CLK)), make_patterns_logic(it.first, false),
+						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->getParam(ID(CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool(), true);
 				log("  created $dffe cell %s for %s -> %s.\n", log_id(new_cell), log_signal(new_sig_d), log_signal(new_sig_q));
 			} else {
-				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffeGate(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort(ID(\\C)), make_patterns_logic(it.first, true),
+				RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addDffeGate(NEW_ID, dff_cell->getPort(ID(C)), make_patterns_logic(it.first, true),
 						new_sig_d, new_sig_q, dff_cell->type == ID($_DFF_P_), true);
 				log("  created %s cell %s for %s -> %s.\n", log_id(new_cell->type), log_id(new_cell), log_signal(new_sig_d), log_signal(new_sig_q));
 			}
@@ -235,9 +235,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				new_sig_d.append(sig_d[i]);
 				new_sig_q.append(sig_q[i]);
 			}
-			dff_cell->setPort(ID(\\D), new_sig_d);
-			dff_cell->setPort(ID(\\Q), new_sig_q);
-			dff_cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), GetSize(remaining_indices));
+			dff_cell->setPort(ID(D), new_sig_d);
+			dff_cell->setPort(ID(Q), new_sig_q);
+			dff_cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), GetSize(remaining_indices));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -361,19 +361,19 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 								for (auto cell_other : mod->selected_cells()) {
 									if (cell_other->type != cell->type)
 										continue;
-									if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\EN))) == sigmap(cell_other->getPort(ID(\\EN))))
+									if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(EN))) == sigmap(cell_other->getPort(ID(EN))))
 										ce_use++;
 								}
 								if (ce_use >= min_ce_use)
 									continue;
 							}
 
-							RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = mod->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(\\D))));
-							mod->addDff(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK)), tmp, cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getParam(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool());
-							if (cell->getParam(ID(\\EN_POLARITY)).as_bool())
-								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getPort(ID(\\D)), cell->getPort(ID(\\EN)), tmp);
+							RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = mod->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(D))));
+							mod->addDff(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(CLK)), tmp, cell->getPort(ID(Q)), cell->getParam(ID(CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool());
+							if (cell->getParam(ID(EN_POLARITY)).as_bool())
+								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(Q)), cell->getPort(ID(D)), cell->getPort(ID(EN)), tmp);
 							else
-								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\D)), cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getPort(ID(\\EN)), tmp);
+								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(D)), cell->getPort(ID(Q)), cell->getPort(ID(EN)), tmp);
 							mod->remove(cell);
 							continue;
 						}
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 								for (auto cell_other : mod->selected_cells()) {
 									if (cell_other->type != cell->type)
 										continue;
-									if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\E))) == sigmap(cell_other->getPort(ID(\\E))))
+									if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(E))) == sigmap(cell_other->getPort(ID(E))))
 										ce_use++;
 								}
 								if (ce_use >= min_ce_use)
@@ -393,11 +393,11 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 							bool clk_pol = cell->type.compare(7, 1, "P") == 0;
 							bool en_pol = cell->type.compare(8, 1, "P") == 0;
 							RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = mod->addWire(NEW_ID);
-							mod->addDff(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\C)), tmp, cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), clk_pol);
+							mod->addDff(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(C)), tmp, cell->getPort(ID(Q)), clk_pol);
 							if (en_pol)
-								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getPort(ID(\\D)), cell->getPort(ID(\\E)), tmp);
+								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(Q)), cell->getPort(ID(D)), cell->getPort(ID(E)), tmp);
 							else
-								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\D)), cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)), cell->getPort(ID(\\E)), tmp);
+								mod->addMux(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(D)), cell->getPort(ID(Q)), cell->getPort(ID(E)), tmp);
 							mod->remove(cell);
 							continue;
 						}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
index f31bfeef9..f74001b77 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
@@ -72,16 +72,16 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 				if (cell->type != ID($_MUX_))
 					continue;
 
-				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
 				if (bit_a.wire == nullptr || bit_b.wire == nullptr)
-					sr_muxes[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))] = cell;
+					sr_muxes[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))] = cell;
 			}
 
 			for (auto cell : ff_cells)
 			{
-				SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
+				SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
 
 				if (GetSize(sig_d) < 1)
 					continue;
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 					continue;
 
 				Cell *mux_cell = sr_muxes.at(bit_d);
-				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
-				SigBit bit_s = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
+				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				SigBit bit_s = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 
 				log("  Merging %s (A=%s, B=%s, S=%s) into %s (%s).\n", log_id(mux_cell),
 						log_signal(bit_a), log_signal(bit_b), log_signal(bit_s), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 						else cell->type = ID($__DFFS_PP0_);
 					}
 				}
-				cell->setPort(ID(\\R), sr_sig);
-				cell->setPort(ID(\\D), bit_d);
+				cell->setPort(ID(R), sr_sig);
+				cell->setPort(ID(D), bit_d);
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dffinit.cc b/passes/techmap/dffinit.cc
index 8962446c8..cf9301442 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dffinit.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dffinit.cc
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ struct DffinitPass : public Pass {
 			pool<SigBit> used_bits;
 
 			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires()) {
-				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
-					Const value = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
+					Const value = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 					for (int i = 0; i < min(GetSize(value), GetSize(wire)); i++)
 						if (value[i] != State::Sx)
 							init_bits[sigmap(SigBit(wire, i))] = value[i];
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ struct DffinitPass : public Pass {
 			}
 
 			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires())
-				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
-					Const &value = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
+					Const &value = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 					bool do_cleanup = true;
 					for (int i = 0; i < min(GetSize(value), GetSize(wire)); i++) {
 						SigBit bit = sigmap(SigBit(wire, i));
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ struct DffinitPass : public Pass {
 					}
 					if (do_cleanup) {
 						log("Removing init attribute from wire %s.%s.\n", log_id(module), log_id(wire));
-						wire->attributes.erase(ID(\\init));
+						wire->attributes.erase(ID(init));
 					}
 				}
 		}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
index b10c7042d..c62224f9d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 		if (design->selected(module, it.second) && cell_mappings.count(it.second->type) > 0)
 			cell_list.push_back(it.second);
 		if (it.second->type == ID($_NOT_))
-			notmap[sigmap(it.second->getPort(ID(\\A)))].insert(it.second);
+			notmap[sigmap(it.second->getPort(ID(A)))].insert(it.second);
 	}
 
 	std::map<std::string, int> stats;
@@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 				sig = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig));
 				if (has_q && has_qn) {
 					for (auto &it : notmap[sigmap(old_sig)]) {
-						module->connect(it->getPort(ID(\\Y)), sig);
-						it->setPort(ID(\\Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig)));
+						module->connect(it->getPort(ID(Y)), sig);
+						it->setPort(ID(Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig)));
 					}
 				} else {
 					module->addNotGate(NEW_ID, sig, old_sig);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc b/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
index f9bfa6d9a..61b06fdc1 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dffsr2dff.cc
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 {
 	if (cell->type == ID($dffsr))
 	{
-		int width = cell->getParam(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
-		bool setpol = cell->getParam(ID(\\SET_POLARITY)).as_bool();
-		bool clrpol = cell->getParam(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool();
+		int width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+		bool setpol = cell->getParam(ID(SET_POLARITY)).as_bool();
+		bool clrpol = cell->getParam(ID(CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool();
 
 		SigBit setunused = setpol ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 		SigBit clrunused = clrpol ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 
-		SigSpec setsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\SET)));
-		SigSpec clrsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\CLR)));
+		SigSpec setsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(SET)));
+		SigSpec clrsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(CLR)));
 
 		Const reset_val;
 		SigSpec setctrl, clrctrl;
@@ -78,19 +78,19 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		log("Converting %s cell %s.%s to $adff.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(module), log_id(cell));
 
 		if (GetSize(setctrl) == 1) {
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\ARST), setctrl);
-			cell->setParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY), setpol);
+			cell->setPort(ID(ARST), setctrl);
+			cell->setParam(ID(ARST_POLARITY), setpol);
 		} else {
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\ARST), clrctrl);
-			cell->setParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY), clrpol);
+			cell->setPort(ID(ARST), clrctrl);
+			cell->setParam(ID(ARST_POLARITY), clrpol);
 		}
 
 		cell->type = ID($adff);
-		cell->unsetPort(ID(\\SET));
-		cell->unsetPort(ID(\\CLR));
-		cell->setParam(ID(\\ARST_VALUE), reset_val);
-		cell->unsetParam(ID(\\SET_POLARITY));
-		cell->unsetParam(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY));
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(SET));
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(CLR));
+		cell->setParam(ID(ARST_VALUE), reset_val);
+		cell->unsetParam(ID(SET_POLARITY));
+		cell->unsetParam(ID(CLR_POLARITY));
 
 		return;
 	}
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		char setpol = cell->type.c_str()[9];
 		char clrpol = cell->type.c_str()[10];
 
-		SigBit setbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
-		SigBit clrbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\R)));
+		SigBit setbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+		SigBit clrbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(R)));
 
 		SigBit setunused = setpol == 'P' ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 		SigBit clrunused = clrpol == 'P' ? State::S0 : State::S1;
@@ -112,14 +112,14 @@ void dffsr_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 
 		if (setbit == setunused) {
 			cell->type = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c0_", clkpol, clrpol);
-			cell->unsetPort(ID(\\S));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 			goto converted_gate;
 		}
 
 		if (clrbit == clrunused) {
 			cell->type = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c1_", clkpol, setpol);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\R), cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
-			cell->unsetPort(ID(\\S));
+			cell->setPort(ID(R), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 			goto converted_gate;
 		}
 
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 {
 	if (cell->type == ID($adff))
 	{
-		bool rstpol = cell->getParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY)).as_bool();
+		bool rstpol = cell->getParam(ID(ARST_POLARITY)).as_bool();
 		SigBit rstunused = rstpol ? State::S0 : State::S1;
-		SigSpec rstsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\ARST)));
+		SigSpec rstsig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(ARST)));
 
 		if (rstsig != rstunused)
 			return;
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		log("Converting %s cell %s.%s to $dff.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(module), log_id(cell));
 
 		cell->type = ID($dff);
-		cell->unsetPort(ID(\\ARST));
-		cell->unsetParam(ID(\\ARST_VALUE));
-		cell->unsetParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY));
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(ARST));
+		cell->unsetParam(ID(ARST_VALUE));
+		cell->unsetParam(ID(ARST_POLARITY));
 
 		return;
 	}
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		char clkpol = cell->type.c_str()[6];
 		char rstpol = cell->type.c_str()[7];
 
-		SigBit rstbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\R)));
+		SigBit rstbit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(R)));
 		SigBit rstunused = rstpol == 'P' ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 
 		if (rstbit != rstunused)
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ void adff_worker(SigMap &sigmap, Module *module, Cell *cell)
 		log("Converting %s cell %s.%s to %s.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_id(newtype));
 
 		cell->type = newtype;
-		cell->unsetPort(ID(\\R));
+		cell->unsetPort(ID(R));
 
 		return;
 	}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract.cc b/passes/techmap/extract.cc
index 118e25419..f8798eea5 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract.cc
@@ -58,36 +58,36 @@ public:
 			return value;
 
 	#define param_bool(_n) if (param == _n) return value.as_bool();
-		param_bool(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY));
-		param_bool(ID(\\A_SIGNED));
-		param_bool(ID(\\B_SIGNED));
-		param_bool(ID(\\CLK_ENABLE));
-		param_bool(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY));
-		param_bool(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY));
-		param_bool(ID(\\EN_POLARITY));
-		param_bool(ID(\\SET_POLARITY));
-		param_bool(ID(\\TRANSPARENT));
+		param_bool(ID(ARST_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
+		param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
+		param_bool(ID(CLK_ENABLE));
+		param_bool(ID(CLK_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(CLR_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(EN_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(SET_POLARITY));
+		param_bool(ID(TRANSPARENT));
 	#undef param_bool
 
 	#define param_int(_n) if (param == _n) return value.as_int();
-		param_int(ID(\\ABITS))
-		param_int(ID(\\A_WIDTH))
-		param_int(ID(\\B_WIDTH))
-		param_int(ID(\\CTRL_IN_WIDTH))
-		param_int(ID(\\CTRL_OUT_WIDTH))
-		param_int(ID(\\OFFSET))
-		param_int(ID(\\PRIORITY))
-		param_int(ID(\\RD_PORTS))
-		param_int(ID(\\SIZE))
-		param_int(ID(\\STATE_BITS))
-		param_int(ID(\\STATE_NUM))
-		param_int(ID(\\STATE_NUM_LOG2))
-		param_int(ID(\\STATE_RST))
-		param_int(ID(\\S_WIDTH))
-		param_int(ID(\\TRANS_NUM))
-		param_int(ID(\\WIDTH))
-		param_int(ID(\\WR_PORTS))
-		param_int(ID(\\Y_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(ABITS))
+		param_int(ID(A_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(B_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(CTRL_IN_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(CTRL_OUT_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(OFFSET))
+		param_int(ID(PRIORITY))
+		param_int(ID(RD_PORTS))
+		param_int(ID(SIZE))
+		param_int(ID(STATE_BITS))
+		param_int(ID(STATE_NUM))
+		param_int(ID(STATE_NUM_LOG2))
+		param_int(ID(STATE_RST))
+		param_int(ID(S_WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(TRANS_NUM))
+		param_int(ID(WIDTH))
+		param_int(ID(WR_PORTS))
+		param_int(ID(Y_WIDTH))
 	#undef param_int
 
 		return value;
@@ -341,10 +341,10 @@ RTLIL::Cell *replace(RTLIL::Module *needle, RTLIL::Module *haystack, SubCircuit:
 bool compareSortNeedleList(RTLIL::Module *left, RTLIL::Module *right)
 {
 	int left_idx = 0, right_idx = 0;
-	if (left->attributes.count(ID(\\extract_order)) > 0)
-		left_idx = left->attributes.at(ID(\\extract_order)).as_int();
-	if (right->attributes.count(ID(\\extract_order)) > 0)
-		right_idx = right->attributes.at(ID(\\extract_order)).as_int();
+	if (left->attributes.count(ID(extract_order)) > 0)
+		left_idx = left->attributes.at(ID(extract_order)).as_int();
+	if (right->attributes.count(ID(extract_order)) > 0)
+		right_idx = right->attributes.at(ID(extract_order)).as_int();
 	if (left_idx != right_idx)
 		return left_idx < right_idx;
 	return left->name < right->name;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
index 853356026..2e50bb7b3 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
@@ -120,45 +120,45 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 	//A counter with less than 2 bits makes no sense
 	//TODO: configurable min threshold
-	int a_width = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+	int a_width = cell->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
 	extract.width = a_width;
 	if( (a_width < 2) || (a_width > maxwidth) )
 		return 1;
 
 	//Second input must be a single bit
-	int b_width = cell->getParam(ID(\\B_WIDTH)).as_int();
+	int b_width = cell->getParam(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
 	if(b_width != 1)
 		return 2;
 
 	//Both inputs must be unsigned, so don't extract anything with a signed input
-	bool a_sign = cell->getParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
-	bool b_sign = cell->getParam(ID(\\B_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+	bool a_sign = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+	bool b_sign = cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	if(a_sign || b_sign)
 		return 3;
 
 	//To be a counter, one input of the ALU must be a constant 1
 	//TODO: can A or B be swapped in synthesized RTL or is B always the 1?
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec b_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec b_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 	if(!b_port.is_fully_const() || (b_port.as_int() != 1) )
 		return 4;
 
 	//BI and CI must be constant 1 as well
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec bi_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\BI)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec bi_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(BI)));
 	if(!bi_port.is_fully_const() || (bi_port.as_int() != 1) )
 		return 5;
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec ci_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\CI)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec ci_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(CI)));
 	if(!ci_port.is_fully_const() || (ci_port.as_int() != 1) )
 		return 6;
 
 	//CO and X must be unconnected (exactly one connection to each port)
-	if(!is_unconnected(sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\CO))), index))
+	if(!is_unconnected(sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(CO))), index))
 		return 7;
-	if(!is_unconnected(sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\X))), index))
+	if(!is_unconnected(sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(X))), index))
 		return 8;
 
 	//Y must have exactly one connection, and it has to be a $mux cell.
 	//We must have a direct bus connection from our Y to their A.
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec aluy = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec aluy = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 	pool<Cell*> y_loads = get_other_cells(aluy, index, cell);
 	if(y_loads.size() != 1)
 		return 9;
@@ -166,17 +166,17 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	extract.count_mux = count_mux;
 	if(count_mux->type != ID($mux))
 		return 10;
-	if(!is_full_bus(aluy, index, cell, ID(\\Y), count_mux, ID(\\A)))
+	if(!is_full_bus(aluy, index, cell, ID(Y), count_mux, ID(A)))
 		return 11;
 
 	//B connection of the mux is our underflow value
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec underflow = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec underflow = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(B)));
 	if(!underflow.is_fully_const())
 		return 12;
 	extract.count_value = underflow.as_int();
 
 	//S connection of the mux must come from an inverter (need not be the only load)
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxsel = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(\\S)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxsel = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(S)));
 	extract.outsig = muxsel;
 	pool<Cell*> muxsel_conns = get_other_cells(muxsel, index, count_mux);
 	Cell* underflow_inv = NULL;
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	{
 		if(c->type != ID($logic_not))
 			continue;
-		if(!is_full_bus(muxsel, index, c, ID(\\Y), count_mux, ID(\\S), true))
+		if(!is_full_bus(muxsel, index, c, ID(Y), count_mux, ID(S), true))
 			continue;
 
 		underflow_inv = c;
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 	//Y connection of the mux must have exactly one load, the counter's internal register, if there's no clock enable
 	//If we have a clock enable, Y drives the B input of a mux. A of that mux must come from our register
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxy = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxy = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(Y)));
 	pool<Cell*> muxy_loads = get_other_cells(muxy, index, count_mux);
 	if(muxy_loads.size() != 1)
 		return 14;
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 		//This mux is probably a clock enable mux.
 		//Find our count register (should be our only load)
 		cemux = muxload;
-		cey = sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+		cey = sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(Y)));
 		pool<Cell*> cey_loads = get_other_cells(cey, index, cemux);
 		if(cey_loads.size() != 1)
 			return 24;
@@ -217,16 +217,16 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 		//Mux should have A driven by count Q, and B by muxy
 		//TODO: if A and B are swapped, CE polarity is inverted
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\B))) != muxy)
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(B))) != muxy)
 			return 24;
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\A))) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(\\Q))))
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(A))) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(Q))))
 			return 24;
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\Y))) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(\\D))))
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(Y))) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(D))))
 			return 24;
 
 		//Select of the mux is our clock enable
 		extract.has_ce = true;
-		extract.ce = sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(\\S)));
+		extract.ce = sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(S)));
 	}
 	else
 		extract.has_ce = false;
@@ -239,10 +239,10 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 		extract.has_reset = true;
 
 		//Check polarity of reset - we may have to add an inverter later on!
-		extract.rst_inverted = (count_reg->getParam(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY)).as_int() != 1);
+		extract.rst_inverted = (count_reg->getParam(ID(ARST_POLARITY)).as_int() != 1);
 
 		//Verify ARST_VALUE is zero or full scale
-		int rst_value = count_reg->getParam(ID(\\ARST_VALUE)).as_int();
+		int rst_value = count_reg->getParam(ID(ARST_VALUE)).as_int();
 		if(rst_value == 0)
 			extract.rst_to_max = false;
 		else if(rst_value == extract.count_value)
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 			return 23;
 
 		//Save the reset
-		extract.rst = sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(\\ARST)));
+		extract.rst = sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(ARST)));
 	}
 	//TODO: support synchronous reset
 	else
@@ -260,12 +260,12 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	//Sanity check that we use the ALU output properly
 	if(extract.has_ce)
 	{
-		if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID(\\Y), cemux, ID(\\B)))
+		if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID(Y), cemux, ID(B)))
 			return 16;
-		if(!is_full_bus(cey, index, cemux, ID(\\Y), count_reg, ID(\\D)))
+		if(!is_full_bus(cey, index, cemux, ID(Y), count_reg, ID(D)))
 			return 16;
 	}
-	else if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID(\\Y), count_reg, ID(\\D)))
+	else if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID(Y), count_reg, ID(D)))
 		return 16;
 
 	//TODO: Verify count_reg CLK_POLARITY is 1
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	//Register output must have exactly two loads, the inverter and ALU
 	//(unless we have a parallel output!)
 	//If we have a clock enable, 3 is OK
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec qport = count_reg->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec qport = count_reg->getPort(ID(Q));
 	const RTLIL::SigSpec cnout = sigmap(qport);
 	pool<Cell*> cnout_loads = get_other_cells(cnout, index, count_reg);
 	unsigned int max_loads = 2;
@@ -312,19 +312,19 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(\\Q), underflow_inv, ID(\\A), true))
+	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(Q), underflow_inv, ID(A), true))
 		return 18;
-	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(\\Q), cell, ID(\\A), true))
+	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(Q), cell, ID(A), true))
 		return 19;
 
 	//Look up the clock from the register
-	extract.clk = sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(\\CLK)));
+	extract.clk = sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(CLK)));
 
 	//Register output net must have an INIT attribute equal to the count value
 	extract.rwire = cnout.as_wire();
-	if(extract.rwire->attributes.find(ID(\\init)) == extract.rwire->attributes.end())
+	if(extract.rwire->attributes.find(ID(init)) == extract.rwire->attributes.end())
 		return 20;
-	int rinit = extract.rwire->attributes[ID(\\init)].as_int();
+	int rinit = extract.rwire->attributes[ID(init)].as_int();
 	if(rinit != extract.count_value)
 		return 21;
 
@@ -348,16 +348,16 @@ void counter_worker(
 
 	//A input is the count value. Check if it has COUNT_EXTRACT set.
 	//If it's not a wire, don't even try
-	auto port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+	auto port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 	if(!port.is_wire())
 		return;
 	RTLIL::Wire* a_wire = port.as_wire();
 	bool force_extract = false;
 	bool never_extract = false;
-	string count_reg_src = a_wire->attributes[ID(\\src)].decode_string().c_str();
-	if(a_wire->attributes.find(ID(\\COUNT_EXTRACT)) != a_wire->attributes.end())
+	string count_reg_src = a_wire->attributes[ID(src)].decode_string().c_str();
+	if(a_wire->attributes.find(ID(COUNT_EXTRACT)) != a_wire->attributes.end())
 	{
-		pool<string> sa = a_wire->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\COUNT_EXTRACT));
+		pool<string> sa = a_wire->get_strpool_attribute(ID(COUNT_EXTRACT));
 		string extract_value;
 		if(sa.size() >= 1)
 		{
@@ -434,18 +434,18 @@ void counter_worker(
 	string countname = string("$COUNTx$") + log_id(extract.rwire->name.str());
 
 	//Wipe all of the old connections to the ALU
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\A));
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\B));
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\BI));
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\CI));
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\CO));
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\X));
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(\\Y));
-	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED));
-	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH));
-	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\B_SIGNED));
-	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\B_WIDTH));
-	cell->unsetParam(ID(\\Y_WIDTH));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(A));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(BI));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(CI));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(CO));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(X));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID(Y));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(A_SIGNED));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(A_WIDTH));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(B_SIGNED));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(B_WIDTH));
+	cell->unsetParam(ID(Y_WIDTH));
 
 	//Change the cell type
 	cell->type = ID($__COUNT_);
@@ -454,46 +454,46 @@ void counter_worker(
 	if(extract.has_reset)
 	{
 		//TODO: support other kinds of reset
-		cell->setParam(ID(\\RESET_MODE), RTLIL::Const("LEVEL"));
+		cell->setParam(ID(RESET_MODE), RTLIL::Const("LEVEL"));
 
 		//If the reset is active low, infer an inverter ($__COUNT_ cells always have active high reset)
 		if(extract.rst_inverted)
 		{
 			auto realreset = cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 			cell->module->addNot(NEW_ID, extract.rst, RTLIL::SigSpec(realreset));
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\RST), realreset);
+			cell->setPort(ID(RST), realreset);
 		}
 		else
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\RST), extract.rst);
+			cell->setPort(ID(RST), extract.rst);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		cell->setParam(ID(\\RESET_MODE), RTLIL::Const("RISING"));
-		cell->setPort(ID(\\RST), RTLIL::SigSpec(false));
+		cell->setParam(ID(RESET_MODE), RTLIL::Const("RISING"));
+		cell->setPort(ID(RST), RTLIL::SigSpec(false));
 	}
 
 	//Hook up other stuff
-	//cell->setParam(ID(\\CLKIN_DIVIDE), RTLIL::Const(1));
-	cell->setParam(ID(\\COUNT_TO), RTLIL::Const(extract.count_value));
-	cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), RTLIL::Const(extract.width));
-	cell->setPort(ID(\\CLK), extract.clk);
-	cell->setPort(ID(\\OUT), extract.outsig);
+	//cell->setParam(ID(CLKIN_DIVIDE), RTLIL::Const(1));
+	cell->setParam(ID(COUNT_TO), RTLIL::Const(extract.count_value));
+	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), RTLIL::Const(extract.width));
+	cell->setPort(ID(CLK), extract.clk);
+	cell->setPort(ID(OUT), extract.outsig);
 
 	//Hook up clock enable
 	if(extract.has_ce)
 	{
-		cell->setParam(ID(\\HAS_CE), RTLIL::Const(1));
-		cell->setPort(ID(\\CE), extract.ce);
+		cell->setParam(ID(HAS_CE), RTLIL::Const(1));
+		cell->setPort(ID(CE), extract.ce);
 	}
 	else
-		cell->setParam(ID(\\HAS_CE), RTLIL::Const(0));
+		cell->setParam(ID(HAS_CE), RTLIL::Const(0));
 
 	//Hook up hard-wired ports (for now up/down are not supported), default to no parallel output
-	cell->setParam(ID(\\HAS_POUT), RTLIL::Const(0));
-	cell->setParam(ID(\\RESET_TO_MAX), RTLIL::Const(0));
-	cell->setParam(ID(\\DIRECTION), RTLIL::Const("DOWN"));
-	cell->setPort(ID(\\CE), RTLIL::Const(1));
-	cell->setPort(ID(\\UP), RTLIL::Const(0));
+	cell->setParam(ID(HAS_POUT), RTLIL::Const(0));
+	cell->setParam(ID(RESET_TO_MAX), RTLIL::Const(0));
+	cell->setParam(ID(DIRECTION), RTLIL::Const("DOWN"));
+	cell->setPort(ID(CE), RTLIL::Const(1));
+	cell->setPort(ID(UP), RTLIL::Const(0));
 
 	//Hook up any parallel outputs
 	for(auto load : extract.pouts)
@@ -505,8 +505,8 @@ void counter_worker(
 
 		//Connect it to our parallel output
 		//(this is OK to do more than once b/c they all go to the same place)
-		cell->setPort(ID(\\POUT), sig);
-		cell->setParam(ID(\\HAS_POUT), RTLIL::Const(1));
+		cell->setPort(ID(POUT), sig);
+		cell->setParam(ID(HAS_POUT), RTLIL::Const(1));
 	}
 
 	//Delete the cells we've replaced (let opt_clean handle deleting the now-redundant wires)
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ void counter_worker(
 		int newbits = ceil(log2(extract.count_value));
 		if(extract.width != newbits)
 		{
-			cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), RTLIL::Const(newbits));
+			cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), RTLIL::Const(newbits));
 			log("    Optimizing out %d unused high-order bits (new width is %d)\n",
 				extract.width - newbits,
 				newbits);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index 763caf08d..ff3de1272 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 					ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_), ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_),
 					ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_), ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 			{
-				SigBit y = sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y))));
+				SigBit y = sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
 				log_assert(driver.count(y) == 0);
 				driver[y] = cell;
 			}
@@ -262,10 +262,10 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 			pool<SigBit> new_leaves = leaves;
 
 			new_leaves.erase(bit);
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\A))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)))));
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\B))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)))));
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\C))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\C)))));
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\D))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(\\D)))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(A))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(A)))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(B))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(B)))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(C))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(C)))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID(D))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(D)))));
 
 			if (GetSize(new_leaves) > maxbreadth)
 				continue;
@@ -277,8 +277,8 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 	void assign_new_driver(SigBit bit, SigBit new_driver)
 	{
 		Cell *cell = driver.at(bit);
-		if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y))) == bit) {
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+		if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y))) == bit) {
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 			module->connect(bit, new_driver);
 		}
 	}
@@ -391,19 +391,19 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				else
 				{
 					Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
-					cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), 1);
+					cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), 1);
 
 					log("      Created $fa cell %s.\n", log_id(cell));
 
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), f3i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), f3i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), f3i.inv_c ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, C) : C);
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), f3i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), f3i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
+					cell->setPort(ID(C), f3i.inv_c ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, C) : C);
 
 					X = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 					Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\X), X);
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), Y);
+					cell->setPort(ID(X), X);
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), Y);
 
 					facache[fakey] = make_tuple(X, Y, cell);
 				}
@@ -497,19 +497,19 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 				else
 				{
 					Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
-					cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), 1);
+					cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), 1);
 
 					log("      Created $fa cell %s.\n", log_id(cell));
 
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), f2i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\B), f2i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\C), State::S0);
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), f2i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
+					cell->setPort(ID(B), f2i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
+					cell->setPort(ID(C), State::S0);
 
 					X = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 					Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\X), X);
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), Y);
+					cell->setPort(ID(X), X);
+					cell->setPort(ID(Y), Y);
 				}
 
 				if (func2.at(key).count(xor2_func)) {
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
index 49438df5f..2ce111b4f 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 
 						head_cell = x;
 
-						auto y = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+						auto y = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(Y)));
 						log_assert(y.size() == 1);
 
 						// Should only continue if there is one fanout back into a cell (not to a port)
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 				{
 					//BFS, following all chains until they hit a cell of a different type
 					//Pick the longest one
-					auto y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+					auto y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 					pool<Cell*> current_loads = sig_to_sink[y];
 					pool<Cell*> next_loads;
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 
 						cur_supercell.insert(x);
 
-						auto a = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+						auto a = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(A)));
 						log_assert(a.size() == 1);
 
 						// Must have only one sink unless we're going off chain
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 							}
 						}
 
-						auto b = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+						auto b = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(B)));
 						log_assert(b.size() == 1);
 
 						// Must have only one sink
@@ -279,26 +279,26 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 						pool<SigBit> input_pool_intermed;
 						for (auto x : cur_supercell)
 						{
-							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\A)))[0]);
-							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\B)))[0]);
-							input_pool_intermed.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(\\Y)))[0]);
+							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(A)))[0]);
+							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(B)))[0]);
+							input_pool_intermed.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(Y)))[0]);
 						}
 						SigSpec input;
 						for (auto b : input_pool)
 							if (input_pool_intermed.count(b) == 0)
 								input.append_bit(b);
 
-						SigBit output = sigmap(head_cell->getPort(ID(\\Y))[0]);
+						SigBit output = sigmap(head_cell->getPort(ID(Y))[0]);
 
 						auto new_reduce_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID,
 							gt == GateType::And ? ID($reduce_and) :
 							gt == GateType::Or ? ID($reduce_or) :
 							gt == GateType::Xor ? ID($reduce_xor) : "");
-						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(\\A_SIGNED), 0);
-						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH), input.size());
-						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(\\Y_WIDTH), 1);
-						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID(\\A), input);
-						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), output);
+						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(A_SIGNED), 0);
+						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), input.size());
+						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(Y_WIDTH), 1);
+						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID(A), input);
+						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID(Y), output);
 
 						if(allow_off_chain)
 							consumed_cells.insert(head_cell);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc b/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
index b8ed2d778..5807178dd 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/flowmap.cc
@@ -671,8 +671,8 @@ struct FlowmapWorker
 			labels[node] = -1;
 		for (auto input : inputs)
 		{
-			if (input.wire->attributes.count(ID(\\$flowmap_level)))
-				labels[input] = input.wire->attributes[ID(\\$flowmap_level)].as_int();
+			if (input.wire->attributes.count(ID($flowmap_level)))
+				labels[input] = input.wire->attributes[ID($flowmap_level)].as_int();
 			else
 				labels[input] = 0;
 		}
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@ struct FlowmapWorker
 			for (auto gate_node : lut_gates[node])
 			{
 				auto gate_origin = node_origins[gate_node];
-				lut->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), gate_origin.cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+				lut->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), gate_origin.cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
 				packed_count++;
 			}
 			lut_count++;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
index 29b781284..726fcb905 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 
 				for (auto cell : module->cells())
 					if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_)) {
-						SigBit bit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)).as_bit());
+						SigBit bit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)).as_bit());
 						tbuf_bits[bit].first = cell->name;
 					}
 
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 						if (tbuf_cell == nullptr)
 							continue;
 
-						SigBit en_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID(\\E)).as_bit();
-						SigBit data_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID(\\A)).as_bit();
+						SigBit en_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID(E)).as_bit();
+						SigBit data_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID(A)).as_bit();
 
 						if (wire->port_input && !tinoutpad_celltype.empty())
 						{
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname2), owire);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname3), data_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname4), wire_bit);
-							cell->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+							cell->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 
 							for (auto cn : tbuf_cache.second) {
 								auto c = module->cell(cn);
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname), en_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname2), data_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname3), wire_bit);
-							cell->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+							cell->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 
 							for (auto cn : tbuf_cache.second) {
 								auto c = module->cell(cn);
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(widthparam)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 						if (!nameparam.empty())
 							cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(nameparam)] = RTLIL::Const(stringf("%s[%d]", RTLIL::id2cstr(wire->name), i));
-						cell->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+						cell->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 					}
 				}
 				else
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 						cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(widthparam)] = RTLIL::Const(wire->width);
 					if (!nameparam.empty())
 						cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(nameparam)] = RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::id2cstr(wire->name));
-					cell->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+					cell->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 				}
 
 				wire->port_id = 0;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc b/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
index dccf335dc..6877a75e2 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 int lut2mux(Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
-	Const lut = cell->getParam(ID(\\LUT));
+	SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	Const lut = cell->getParam(ID(LUT));
 	int count = 1;
 
 	if (GetSize(sig_a) == 1)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc b/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
index d993bdf6f..616ff21f2 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 			RTLIL::Wire *w2 = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
-			cell->setParam(ID(\\WIDTH), width);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), in1);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), in2);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\C), in3);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), w1);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\X), w2);
+			cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), in1);
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), in2);
+			cell->setPort(ID(C), in3);
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), w1);
+			cell->setPort(ID(X), w2);
 
 			out1 = {out_zeros_msb, w1, out_zeros_lsb};
 			out2 = {out_zeros_msb, w2, out_zeros_lsb};
@@ -238,22 +238,22 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 
 
 		RTLIL::Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($alu));
-		c->setPort(ID(\\A), summands.front());
-		c->setPort(ID(\\B), summands.back());
-		c->setPort(ID(\\CI), State::S0);
-		c->setPort(ID(\\BI), State::S0);
-		c->setPort(ID(\\Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
-		c->setPort(ID(\\X), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
-		c->setPort(ID(\\CO), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
+		c->setPort(ID(A), summands.front());
+		c->setPort(ID(B), summands.back());
+		c->setPort(ID(CI), State::S0);
+		c->setPort(ID(BI), State::S0);
+		c->setPort(ID(Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
+		c->setPort(ID(X), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
+		c->setPort(ID(CO), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
 		c->fixup_parameters();
 
 		if (!tree_sum_bits.empty()) {
-			c->setPort(ID(\\CI), tree_sum_bits.back());
+			c->setPort(ID(CI), tree_sum_bits.back());
 			tree_sum_bits.pop_back();
 		}
 		log_assert(tree_sum_bits.empty());
 
-		return c->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+		return c->getPort(ID(Y));
 	}
 };
 
@@ -264,17 +264,17 @@ extern void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap = false
 
 void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 {
-	int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+	int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 
 	Macc macc;
 	macc.from_cell(cell);
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec all_input_bits;
-	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
-	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
+	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
 
 	if (all_input_bits.to_sigbit_set().count(RTLIL::Sx)) {
-		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::Sx, width));
+		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::Sx, width));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -339,9 +339,9 @@ void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 		}
 
 		if (summands.front().second)
-			module->addNeg(NEW_ID, summands.front().first, cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)));
+			module->addNeg(NEW_ID, summands.front().first, cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 		else
-			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), summands.front().first);
+			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), summands.front().first);
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 		for (auto &bit : macc.bit_ports)
 			worker.add(bit, 0);
 
-		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), worker.synth());
+		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), worker.synth());
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc b/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
index c5e0fb549..64d5b4f7b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 				if (!cell->input(conn.first))
 					continue;
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second)) {
-					if (used_once.count(bit) || cell->type != ID($_MUX_) || conn.first == ID(\\S))
+					if (used_once.count(bit) || cell->type != ID($_MUX_) || conn.first == ID(S))
 						roots.insert(bit);
 					used_once.insert(bit);
 				}
 			}
 			if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_))
-				sig_to_mux[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))] = cell;
+				sig_to_mux[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))] = cell;
 		}
 
 		log("  Treeifying %d MUXes:\n", GetSize(sig_to_mux));
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 				if (sig_to_mux.count(bit) && (bit == rootsig || !roots.count(bit))) {
 					Cell *c = sig_to_mux.at(bit);
 					tree.muxes[bit] = c;
-					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID(\\A))));
-					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID(\\B))));
+					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID(A))));
+					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID(B))));
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -517,68 +517,68 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 2) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[0]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), mux.inputs[1]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\S), mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(S), mux.selects[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 4) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[1]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX4_));
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), mux.inputs[1]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\C), mux.inputs[2]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\D), mux.inputs[3]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\S), mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\T), mux.selects[1]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(C), mux.inputs[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(D), mux.inputs[3]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(S), mux.selects[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(T), mux.selects[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 8) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[2]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX8_));
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), mux.inputs[1]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\C), mux.inputs[2]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\D), mux.inputs[3]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\E), mux.inputs[4]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\F), mux.inputs[5]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\G), mux.inputs[6]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\H), mux.inputs[7]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\S), mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\T), mux.selects[1]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\U), mux.selects[2]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(C), mux.inputs[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(D), mux.inputs[3]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(E), mux.inputs[4]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(F), mux.inputs[5]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(G), mux.inputs[6]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(H), mux.inputs[7]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(S), mux.selects[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(T), mux.selects[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(U), mux.selects[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 16) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[3]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX16_));
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\A), mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\B), mux.inputs[1]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\C), mux.inputs[2]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\D), mux.inputs[3]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\E), mux.inputs[4]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\F), mux.inputs[5]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\G), mux.inputs[6]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\H), mux.inputs[7]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\I), mux.inputs[8]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\J), mux.inputs[9]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\K), mux.inputs[10]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\L), mux.inputs[11]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\M), mux.inputs[12]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\N), mux.inputs[13]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\O), mux.inputs[14]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\P), mux.inputs[15]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\S), mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\T), mux.selects[1]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\U), mux.selects[2]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\V), mux.selects[3]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID(A), mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(C), mux.inputs[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(D), mux.inputs[3]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(E), mux.inputs[4]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(F), mux.inputs[5]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(G), mux.inputs[6]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(H), mux.inputs[7]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(I), mux.inputs[8]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(J), mux.inputs[9]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(K), mux.inputs[10]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(L), mux.inputs[11]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(M), mux.inputs[12]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(N), mux.inputs[13]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(O), mux.inputs[14]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(P), mux.inputs[15]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(S), mux.selects[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(T), mux.selects[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(U), mux.selects[2]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(V), mux.selects[3]);
+			cell->setPort(ID(Y), bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc b/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
index 17da70193..4a3428b3c 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ struct NlutmapWorker
 				if (cell->type != ID($lut) || mapped_cells.count(cell))
 					continue;
 
-				if (GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(\\A))) == lut_size || lut_size == 2)
+				if (GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) == lut_size || lut_size == 2)
 					candidate_ratings[cell] = 0;
 
 				for (auto &conn : cell->connections())
diff --git a/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc b/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
index 1a0fa4e3b..f77652f3b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
@@ -92,18 +92,18 @@ struct PmuxtreePass : public Pass {
 			if (cell->type != ID($pmux))
 				continue;
 
-			SigSpec sig_data = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
-			SigSpec sig_sel = cell->getPort(ID(\\S));
+			SigSpec sig_data = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			SigSpec sig_sel = cell->getPort(ID(S));
 
-			if (!cell->getPort(ID(\\A)).is_fully_undef()) {
-				sig_data.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+			if (!cell->getPort(ID(A)).is_fully_undef()) {
+				sig_data.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 				SigSpec sig_sel_or = module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, sig_sel);
 				sig_sel.append(module->Not(NEW_ID, sig_sel_or));
 			}
 
 			SigSpec result, result_or;
 			result = recursive_mux_generator(module, sig_data, sig_sel, result_or);
-			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), result);
+			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), result);
 			module->remove(cell);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
index e3f50e354..92637dfa8 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
@@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ struct ShregmapTechGreenpak4 : ShregmapTech
 
 	bool fixup(Cell *cell, dict<int, SigBit> &taps)
 	{
-		auto D = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-		auto C = cell->getPort(ID(\\C));
+		auto D = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+		auto C = cell->getPort(ID(C));
 
-		auto newcell = cell->module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID(\\GP_SHREG));
-		newcell->setPort(ID(\\nRST), State::S1);
-		newcell->setPort(ID(\\CLK), C);
-		newcell->setPort(ID(\\IN), D);
+		auto newcell = cell->module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID(GP_SHREG));
+		newcell->setPort(ID(nRST), State::S1);
+		newcell->setPort(ID(CLK), C);
+		newcell->setPort(ID(IN), D);
 
 		int i = 0;
 		for (auto tap : taps) {
-			newcell->setPort(i ? ID(\\OUTB) : ID(\\OUTA), tap.second);
-			newcell->setParam(i ? ID(\\OUTB_TAP) : ID(\\OUTA_TAP), tap.first + 1);
+			newcell->setPort(i ? ID(OUTB) : ID(OUTA), tap.second);
+			newcell->setParam(i ? ID(OUTB_TAP) : ID(OUTA_TAP), tap.first + 1);
 			i++;
 		}
 
-		cell->setParam(ID(\\OUTA_INVERT), 0);
+		cell->setParam(ID(OUTA_INVERT), 0);
 		return false;
 	}
 };
@@ -105,18 +105,18 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		for (const auto &i : module->cells_) {
 			auto cell = i.second;
 			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx)) {
-				if (cell->getParam(ID(\\Y_WIDTH)) != 1) continue;
+				if (cell->getParam(ID(Y_WIDTH)) != 1) continue;
 				int j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A))))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A))))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, j++, 0);
-				log_assert(j == cell->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int());
+				log_assert(j == cell->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int());
 			}
 			else if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
 				int j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\A))))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A))))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, 0, j++);
 				j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\B))))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B))))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, 1, j++);
 			}
 		}
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		if (it == sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.end())
 			return;
 		if (cell) {
-			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && port == ID(\\A))
+			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && port == ID(A))
 				return;
-			if (cell->type == ID($mux) && port.in(ID(\\A), ID(\\B)))
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux) && port.in(ID(A), ID(B)))
 				return;
 		}
 		sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.erase(it);
@@ -178,17 +178,17 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 
 		// Only map if $shiftx exclusively covers the shift register
 		if (shiftx->type == ID($shiftx)) {
-			if (GetSize(taps) > shiftx->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int())
+			if (GetSize(taps) > shiftx->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int())
 				return false;
 			// Due to padding the most significant bits of A may be 1'bx,
 			//   and if so, discount them
-			if (GetSize(taps) < shiftx->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int()) {
-				const SigSpec A = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\A));
-				const int A_width = shiftx->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int();
+			if (GetSize(taps) < shiftx->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int()) {
+				const SigSpec A = shiftx->getPort(ID(A));
+				const int A_width = shiftx->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
 				for (int i = GetSize(taps); i < A_width; ++i)
 					if (A[i] != RTLIL::Sx) return false;
 			}
-			else if (GetSize(taps) != shiftx->getParam(ID(\\A_WIDTH)).as_int())
+			else if (GetSize(taps) != shiftx->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int())
 				return false;
 		}
 		else if (shiftx->type == ID($mux)) {
@@ -210,32 +210,32 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 
 		auto newcell = cell->module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($__XILINX_SHREG_));
 		newcell->set_src_attribute(cell->get_src_attribute());
-		newcell->setParam(ID(\\DEPTH), cell->getParam(ID(\\DEPTH)));
-		newcell->setParam(ID(\\INIT), cell->getParam(ID(\\INIT)));
-		newcell->setParam(ID(\\CLKPOL), cell->getParam(ID(\\CLKPOL)));
-		newcell->setParam(ID(\\ENPOL), cell->getParam(ID(\\ENPOL)));
+		newcell->setParam(ID(DEPTH), cell->getParam(ID(DEPTH)));
+		newcell->setParam(ID(INIT), cell->getParam(ID(INIT)));
+		newcell->setParam(ID(CLKPOL), cell->getParam(ID(CLKPOL)));
+		newcell->setParam(ID(ENPOL), cell->getParam(ID(ENPOL)));
 
-		newcell->setPort(ID(\\C), cell->getPort(ID(\\C)));
-		newcell->setPort(ID(\\D), cell->getPort(ID(\\D)));
-		if (cell->hasPort(ID(\\E)))
-			newcell->setPort(ID(\\E), cell->getPort(ID(\\E)));
+		newcell->setPort(ID(C), cell->getPort(ID(C)));
+		newcell->setPort(ID(D), cell->getPort(ID(D)));
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID(E)))
+			newcell->setPort(ID(E), cell->getPort(ID(E)));
 
 		Cell* shiftx = std::get<0>(it->second);
 		RTLIL::SigSpec l_wire, q_wire;
 		if (shiftx->type == ID($shiftx)) {
-			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\B));
-			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\Y));
-			shiftx->setPort(ID(\\Y), cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(B));
+			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(Y));
+			shiftx->setPort(ID(Y), cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 		}
 		else if (shiftx->type == ID($mux)) {
-			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\S));
-			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(\\Y));
-			shiftx->setPort(ID(\\Y), cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(S));
+			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(Y));
+			shiftx->setPort(ID(Y), cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 		}
 		else log_abort();
 
-		newcell->setPort(ID(\\Q), q_wire);
-		newcell->setPort(ID(\\L), l_wire);
+		newcell->setPort(ID(Q), q_wire);
+		newcell->setPort(ID(L), l_wire);
 
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -263,16 +263,16 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 	{
 		for (auto wire : module->wires())
 		{
-			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep))) {
+			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(wire)) {
 					sigbit_with_non_chain_users.insert(bit);
 					if (opts.tech) opts.tech->non_chain_user(bit, nullptr, {});
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init))) {
+			if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
 				SigSpec initsig = sigmap(wire);
-				Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
+				Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initsig) && i < GetSize(initval); i++)
 					if (initval[i] == State::S0 && !opts.zinit)
 						sigbit_init[initsig[i]] = false;
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
-			if (opts.ffcells.count(cell->type) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep)))
+			if (opts.ffcells.count(cell->type) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 			{
 				IdString d_port = opts.ffcells.at(cell->type).first;
 				IdString q_port = opts.ffcells.at(cell->type).second;
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 						initval.push_back(State::S0);
 					remove_init.insert(bit);
 				}
-				first_cell->setParam(ID(\\INIT), initval);
+				first_cell->setParam(ID(INIT), initval);
 			}
 
 			if (opts.zinit)
@@ -497,13 +497,13 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 				if (first_cell->type == ID($_DFFE_PP_)) param_clkpol = 1, param_enpol = 1;
 
 				log_assert(param_clkpol >= 0);
-				first_cell->setParam(ID(\\CLKPOL), param_clkpol);
-				if (opts.ffe) first_cell->setParam(ID(\\ENPOL), param_enpol);
+				first_cell->setParam(ID(CLKPOL), param_clkpol);
+				if (opts.ffe) first_cell->setParam(ID(ENPOL), param_enpol);
 			}
 
 			first_cell->type = shreg_cell_type_str;
 			first_cell->setPort(q_port, last_cell->getPort(q_port));
-			first_cell->setParam(ID(\\DEPTH), depth);
+			first_cell->setParam(ID(DEPTH), depth);
 
 			if (opts.tech != nullptr && !opts.tech->fixup(first_cell, taps_dict))
 				remove_cells.insert(first_cell);
@@ -521,18 +521,18 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 
 		for (auto wire : module->wires())
 		{
-			if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init)) == 0)
+			if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init)) == 0)
 				continue;
 
 			SigSpec initsig = sigmap(wire);
-			Const &initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
+			Const &initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initsig) && i < GetSize(initval); i++)
 				if (remove_init.count(initsig[i]))
 					initval[i] = State::Sx;
 
 			if (SigSpec(initval).is_fully_undef())
-				wire->attributes.erase(ID(\\init));
+				wire->attributes.erase(ID(init));
 		}
 
 		remove_cells.clear();
@@ -717,19 +717,19 @@ struct ShregmapPass : public Pass {
 			bool en_neg = enpol == "neg" || enpol == "any" || enpol == "any_or_none";
 
 			if (clk_pos && en_none)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_P_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_P_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(D)), IdString(ID(Q)));
 			if (clk_neg && en_none)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_N_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFF_N_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(D)), IdString(ID(Q)));
 
 			if (clk_pos && en_pos)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PP_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PP_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(D)), IdString(ID(Q)));
 			if (clk_pos && en_neg)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PN_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_PN_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(D)), IdString(ID(Q)));
 
 			if (clk_neg && en_pos)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NP_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NP_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(D)), IdString(ID(Q)));
 			if (clk_neg && en_neg)
-				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NN_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(\\D)), IdString(ID(\\Q)));
+				opts.ffcells[ID($_DFFE_NN_)] = make_pair(IdString(ID(D)), IdString(ID(Q)));
 
 			if (en_pos || en_neg)
 				opts.ffe = true;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc b/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
index 8cef1ffaa..325a816ee 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
@@ -28,37 +28,37 @@ YOSYS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 void simplemap_not(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
-	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
+	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_pos(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
-	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
+	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 	module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_a));
 }
 
 void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
-	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
-	sig_b.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(\\B_SIGNED)).as_bool());
+	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
+	sig_b.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 	if (cell->type == ID($xnor))
 	{
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
-			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_t[i]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
+			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+			gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_t[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
 		}
 
 		sig_y = sig_t;
@@ -83,17 +83,17 @@ void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig_b[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(B), sig_b[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 			}
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig_a[i+1]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_t[i/2]);
+			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+			gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(B), sig_a[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_t[i/2]);
 			last_output_cell = gate;
 		}
 
@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_t = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_t);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_t);
 		last_output_cell = gate;
 		sig_a = sig_t;
 	}
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	if (last_output_cell == NULL) {
 		module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_a));
 	} else {
-		last_output_cell->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y);
+		last_output_cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -175,10 +175,10 @@ static void logic_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Cell
 			}
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_OR_));
-			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig[i]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig[i+1]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_t[i/2]);
+			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+			gate->setPort(ID(A), sig[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(B), sig[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_t[i/2]);
 		}
 
 		sig = sig_t;
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ static void logic_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Cell
 
 void simplemap_lognot(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_a, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -204,20 +204,20 @@ void simplemap_lognot(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	}
 
 	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
-	gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-	gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a);
-	gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y);
+	gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+	gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 }
 
 void simplemap_logbin(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_a, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_b, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -233,35 +233,35 @@ void simplemap_logbin(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	log_assert(!gate_type.empty());
 
 	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-	gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-	gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a);
-	gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig_b);
-	gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y);
+	gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+	gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	gate->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
+	gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
 }
 
 void simplemap_eqne(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
-	bool is_signed = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	bool is_signed = cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	bool is_ne = cell->type.in(ID($ne), ID($nex));
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec xor_out = module->addWire(NEW_ID, max(GetSize(sig_a), GetSize(sig_b)));
 	RTLIL::Cell *xor_cell = module->addXor(NEW_ID, sig_a, sig_b, xor_out, is_signed);
-	xor_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+	xor_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
 	simplemap_bitop(module, xor_cell);
 	module->remove(xor_cell);
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec reduce_out = is_ne ? sig_y : module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 	RTLIL::Cell *reduce_cell = module->addReduceOr(NEW_ID, xor_out, reduce_out);
-	reduce_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+	reduce_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
 	simplemap_reduce(module, reduce_cell);
 	module->remove(reduce_cell);
 
 	if (!is_ne) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *not_cell = module->addLogicNot(NEW_ID, reduce_out, sig_y);
-		not_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
+		not_cell->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
 		simplemap_lognot(module, not_cell);
 		module->remove(not_cell);
 	}
@@ -269,65 +269,65 @@ void simplemap_eqne(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void simplemap_mux(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(\\B));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\B), sig_b[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\S), cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(B), sig_b[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(S), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_tribuf(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_e = cell->getPort(ID(\\EN));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_e = cell->getPort(ID(EN));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_TBUF_));
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\A), sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\E), sig_e);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), sig_y[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(E), sig_e);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_lut(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec lut_ctrl = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	SigSpec lut_data = cell->getParam(ID(\\LUT));
-	lut_data.extend_u0(1 << cell->getParam(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int());
+	SigSpec lut_ctrl = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	SigSpec lut_data = cell->getParam(ID(LUT));
+	lut_data.extend_u0(1 << cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int());
 
 	for (int idx = 0; GetSize(lut_data) > 1; idx++) {
 		SigSpec sig_s = lut_ctrl[idx];
 		SigSpec new_lut_data = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(lut_data)/2);
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(lut_data); i += 2) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
-			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\A), lut_data[i]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\B), lut_data[i+1]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\S), lut_ctrl[idx]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(\\Y), new_lut_data[i/2]);
+			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+			gate->setPort(ID(A), lut_data[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(B), lut_data[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(S), lut_ctrl[idx]);
+			gate->setPort(ID(Y), new_lut_data[i/2]);
 		}
 		lut_data = new_lut_data;
 	}
 
-	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), lut_data);
+	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), lut_data);
 }
 
 void simplemap_sop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec ctrl = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	SigSpec table = cell->getParam(ID(\\TABLE));
+	SigSpec ctrl = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	SigSpec table = cell->getParam(ID(TABLE));
 
-	int width = cell->getParam(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
-	int depth = cell->getParam(ID(\\DEPTH)).as_int();
+	int width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+	int depth = cell->getParam(ID(DEPTH)).as_int();
 	table.extend_u0(2 * width * depth);
 
 	SigSpec products;
@@ -348,177 +348,177 @@ void simplemap_sop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		products.append(GetSize(in) > 0 ? module->Eq(NEW_ID, in, pat) : State::S1);
 	}
 
-	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)), module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, products));
+	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, products));
 }
 
 void simplemap_slice(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int offset = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\OFFSET)).as_int();
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	int offset = cell->parameters.at(ID(OFFSET)).as_int();
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 	module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_a.extract(offset, sig_y.size())));
 }
 
 void simplemap_concat(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ab = cell->getPort(ID(\\A));
-	sig_ab.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(\\Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ab = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	sig_ab.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
 	module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_ab));
 }
 
 void simplemap_sr(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
-	char set_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\SET_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char clr_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char set_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(SET_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char clr_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(\\SET));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_r = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLR));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(SET));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_r = cell->getPort(ID(CLR));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 	std::string gate_type = stringf("$_SR_%c%c_", set_pol, clr_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\S), sig_s[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\R), sig_r[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(S), sig_s[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(R), sig_r[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_ff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = ID($_FF_);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_dff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
-	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(CLK));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFF_%c_", clk_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\C), sig_clk);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(C), sig_clk);
+		gate->setPort(ID(D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_dffe(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
-	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char en_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\EN_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char en_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(EN_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort(ID(\\EN));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(CLK));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort(ID(EN));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFFE_%c%c_", clk_pol, en_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\C), sig_clk);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\E), sig_en);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(C), sig_clk);
+		gate->setPort(ID(E), sig_en);
+		gate->setPort(ID(D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_dffsr(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
-	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char set_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\SET_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char clr_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char set_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(SET_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char clr_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(CLR_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(\\SET));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_r = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLR));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(CLK));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(SET));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_r = cell->getPort(ID(CLR));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DFFSR_%c%c%c_", clk_pol, set_pol, clr_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\C), sig_clk);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\S), sig_s[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\R), sig_r[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(C), sig_clk);
+		gate->setPort(ID(S), sig_s[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(R), sig_r[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_adff(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
-	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
-	char rst_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\ARST_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char clk_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(CLK_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	char rst_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(ARST_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	std::vector<RTLIL::State> rst_val = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\ARST_VALUE)).bits;
+	std::vector<RTLIL::State> rst_val = cell->parameters.at(ID(ARST_VALUE)).bits;
 	while (int(rst_val.size()) < width)
 		rst_val.push_back(RTLIL::State::S0);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(\\CLK));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_rst = cell->getPort(ID(\\ARST));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_clk = cell->getPort(ID(CLK));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_rst = cell->getPort(ID(ARST));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type_0 = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c0_", clk_pol, rst_pol);
 	IdString gate_type_1 = stringf("$_DFF_%c%c1_", clk_pol, rst_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, rst_val.at(i) == RTLIL::State::S1 ? gate_type_1 : gate_type_0);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\C), sig_clk);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\R), sig_rst);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(C), sig_clk);
+		gate->setPort(ID(R), sig_rst);
+		gate->setPort(ID(D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_dlatch(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\WIDTH)).as_int();
-	char en_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(\\EN_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
+	int width = cell->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
+	char en_pol = cell->parameters.at(ID(EN_POLARITY)).as_bool() ? 'P' : 'N';
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort(ID(\\EN));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(\\D));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(\\Q));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort(ID(EN));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort(ID(Q));
 
 	IdString gate_type = stringf("$_DLATCH_%c_", en_pol);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
-		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\E), sig_en);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(\\Q), sig_q[i]);
+		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
+		gate->setPort(ID(E), sig_en);
+		gate->setPort(ID(D), sig_d[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID(Q), sig_q[i]);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
index cf283002a..e81dc33ee 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				record.wire = it.second;
 				record.value = it.second;
 				result[p].push_back(record);
-				it.second->attributes[ID(\\keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
-				it.second->attributes[ID(\\_techmap_special_)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+				it.second->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+				it.second->attributes[ID(_techmap_special_)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 		}
 
 		std::string orig_cell_name;
-		pool<string> extra_src_attrs = cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src));
+		pool<string> extra_src_attrs = cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src));
 
 		if (!flatten_mode) {
 			for (auto &it : tpl->cells_)
-				if (it.first == ID(\\_TECHMAP_REPLACE_)) {
+				if (it.first == ID(_TECHMAP_REPLACE_)) {
 					orig_cell_name = cell->name.str();
 					module->rename(cell, stringf("$techmap%d", autoidx++) + cell->name.str());
 					break;
@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 			m->start_offset = it.second->start_offset;
 			m->size = it.second->size;
 			m->attributes = it.second->attributes;
-			if (m->attributes.count(ID(\\src)))
-				m->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), extra_src_attrs);
+			if (m->attributes.count(ID(src)))
+				m->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), extra_src_attrs);
 			module->memories[m->name] = m;
 			memory_renames[it.first] = m->name;
 			design->select(module, m);
@@ -215,10 +215,10 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 			w->port_input = false;
 			w->port_output = false;
 			w->port_id = 0;
-			if (it.second->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\_techmap_special_)))
+			if (it.second->get_bool_attribute(ID(_techmap_special_)))
 				w->attributes.clear();
-			if (w->attributes.count(ID(\\src)))
-				w->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), extra_src_attrs);
+			if (w->attributes.count(ID(src)))
+				w->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), extra_src_attrs);
 			design->select(module, w);
 		}
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				}
 
 				for (auto &attr : w->attributes) {
-					if (attr.first == ID(\\src))
+					if (attr.first == ID(src))
 						continue;
 					module->connect(extra_connect);
 					break;
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 		for (auto &it : tpl->cells_)
 		{
 			IdString c_name = it.second->name.str();
-			bool techmap_replace_cell = (!flatten_mode) && (c_name == ID(\\_TECHMAP_REPLACE_));
+			bool techmap_replace_cell = (!flatten_mode) && (c_name == ID(_TECHMAP_REPLACE_));
 
 			if (techmap_replace_cell)
 				c_name = orig_cell_name;
@@ -350,19 +350,19 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 			}
 
 			if (c->type.in(ID($memrd), ID($memwr), ID($meminit))) {
-				IdString memid = c->getParam(ID(\\MEMID)).decode_string();
+				IdString memid = c->getParam(ID(MEMID)).decode_string();
 				log_assert(memory_renames.count(memid) != 0);
-				c->setParam(ID(\\MEMID), Const(memory_renames[memid].str()));
+				c->setParam(ID(MEMID), Const(memory_renames[memid].str()));
 			}
 
 			if (c->type == ID($mem)) {
-				IdString memid = c->getParam(ID(\\MEMID)).decode_string();
+				IdString memid = c->getParam(ID(MEMID)).decode_string();
 				apply_prefix(cell->name, memid);
-				c->setParam(ID(\\MEMID), Const(memid.c_str()));
+				c->setParam(ID(MEMID), Const(memid.c_str()));
 			}
 
-			if (c->attributes.count(ID(\\src)))
-				c->add_strpool_attribute(ID(\\src), extra_src_attrs);
+			if (c->attributes.count(ID(src)))
+				c->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), extra_src_attrs);
 
 			if (techmap_replace_cell)
 				for (auto attr : cell->attributes)
@@ -416,9 +416,9 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 			}
 
 			if (flatten_mode) {
-				bool keepit = cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep_hierarchy));
+				bool keepit = cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep_hierarchy));
 				for (auto &tpl_name : celltypeMap.at(cell_type))
-					if (map->modules_[tpl_name]->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\keep_hierarchy)))
+					if (map->modules_[tpl_name]->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep_hierarchy)))
 						keepit = true;
 				if (keepit) {
 					if (!flatten_keep_list[cell]) {
@@ -484,13 +484,13 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				{
 					std::string extmapper_name;
 
-					if (tpl->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\techmap_simplemap)))
+					if (tpl->get_bool_attribute(ID(techmap_simplemap)))
 						extmapper_name = "simplemap";
 
-					if (tpl->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\techmap_maccmap)))
+					if (tpl->get_bool_attribute(ID(techmap_maccmap)))
 						extmapper_name = "maccmap";
 
-					if (tpl->attributes.count(ID(\\techmap_wrap)))
+					if (tpl->attributes.count(ID(techmap_wrap)))
 						extmapper_name = "wrap";
 
 					if (!extmapper_name.empty())
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 								m_name += stringf(":%s=%s", log_id(c.first), log_signal(c.second));
 
 							if (extmapper_name == "wrap")
-								m_name += ":" + sha1(tpl->attributes.at(ID(\\techmap_wrap)).decode_string());
+								m_name += ":" + sha1(tpl->attributes.at(ID(techmap_wrap)).decode_string());
 
 							RTLIL::Design *extmapper_design = extern_mode && !in_recursion ? design : tpl->design;
 							RTLIL::Module *extmapper_module = extmapper_design->module(m_name);
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 								int port_counter = 1;
 								for (auto &c : extmapper_cell->connections_) {
 									RTLIL::Wire *w = extmapper_module->addWire(c.first, GetSize(c.second));
-									if (w->name.in(ID(\\Y), ID(\\Q)))
+									if (w->name.in(ID(Y), ID(Q)))
 										w->port_output = true;
 									else
 										w->port_input = true;
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 								}
 
 								if (extmapper_name == "wrap") {
-									std::string cmd_string = tpl->attributes.at(ID(\\techmap_wrap)).decode_string();
+									std::string cmd_string = tpl->attributes.at(ID(techmap_wrap)).decode_string();
 									log("Running \"%s\" on wrapper %s.\n", cmd_string.c_str(), log_id(extmapper_module));
 									mkdebug.on();
 									Pass::call_on_module(extmapper_design, extmapper_module, cmd_string);
@@ -616,8 +616,8 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 						continue;
 					}
 
-					if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(ID(\\_TECHMAP_CELLTYPE_)) != 0)
-						parameters[ID(\\_TECHMAP_CELLTYPE_)] = RTLIL::unescape_id(cell->type);
+					if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(ID(_TECHMAP_CELLTYPE_)) != 0)
+						parameters[ID(_TECHMAP_CELLTYPE_)] = RTLIL::unescape_id(cell->type);
 
 					for (auto conn : cell->connections()) {
 						if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(stringf("\\_TECHMAP_CONSTMSK_%s_", RTLIL::id2cstr(conn.first))) != 0) {
@@ -656,8 +656,8 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 							bits = i;
 					// Increment index by one to get number of bits
 					bits++;
-					if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(ID(\\_TECHMAP_BITS_CONNMAP_)))
-						parameters[ID(\\_TECHMAP_BITS_CONNMAP_)] = bits;
+					if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(ID(_TECHMAP_BITS_CONNMAP_)))
+						parameters[ID(_TECHMAP_BITS_CONNMAP_)] = bits;
 
 					for (auto conn : cell->connections())
 						if (tpl->avail_parameters.count(stringf("\\_TECHMAP_CONNMAP_%s_", RTLIL::id2cstr(conn.first))) != 0) {
@@ -1136,8 +1136,8 @@ struct TechmapPass : public Pass {
 
 		std::map<RTLIL::IdString, std::set<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::sort_by_id_str>> celltypeMap;
 		for (auto &it : map->modules_) {
-			if (it.second->attributes.count(ID(\\techmap_celltype)) && !it.second->attributes.at(ID(\\techmap_celltype)).bits.empty()) {
-				char *p = strdup(it.second->attributes.at(ID(\\techmap_celltype)).decode_string().c_str());
+			if (it.second->attributes.count(ID(techmap_celltype)) && !it.second->attributes.at(ID(techmap_celltype)).bits.empty()) {
+				char *p = strdup(it.second->attributes.at(ID(techmap_celltype)).decode_string().c_str());
 				for (char *q = strtok(p, " \t\r\n"); q; q = strtok(NULL, " \t\r\n"))
 					celltypeMap[RTLIL::escape_id(q)].insert(it.first);
 				free(p);
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ struct FlattenPass : public Pass {
 		RTLIL::Module *top_mod = NULL;
 		if (design->full_selection())
 			for (auto mod : design->modules())
-				if (mod->get_bool_attribute(ID(\\top)))
+				if (mod->get_bool_attribute(ID(top)))
 					top_mod = mod;
 
 		std::set<RTLIL::Cell*> handled_cells;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc b/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
index e2024d496..509a9198b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
@@ -64,37 +64,37 @@ struct TribufWorker {
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
 			if (cell->type == ID($tribuf))
-				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))].push_back(cell);
+				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))].push_back(cell);
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_))
-				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))].push_back(cell);
+				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))].push_back(cell);
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)))
 			{
-				IdString en_port = cell->type == ID($mux) ? ID(\\EN) : ID(\\E);
+				IdString en_port = cell->type == ID($mux) ? ID(EN) : ID(E);
 				IdString tri_type = cell->type == ID($mux) ? ID($tribuf) : ID($_TBUF_);
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(\\A))) && is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)))) {
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(A))) && is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(B)))) {
 					module->remove(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)))) {
-					cell->setPort(ID(\\A), cell->getPort(ID(\\B)));
-					cell->setPort(en_port, cell->getPort(ID(\\S)));
-					cell->unsetPort(ID(\\B));
-					cell->unsetPort(ID(\\S));
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(A)))) {
+					cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+					cell->setPort(en_port, cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 					cell->type = tri_type;
-					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))].push_back(cell);
+					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))].push_back(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(\\B)))) {
-					cell->setPort(en_port, module->Not(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(\\S))));
-					cell->unsetPort(ID(\\B));
-					cell->unsetPort(ID(\\S));
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(B)))) {
+					cell->setPort(en_port, module->Not(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(S))));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 					cell->type = tri_type;
-					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Y)))].push_back(cell);
+					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))].push_back(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 			}
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ struct TribufWorker {
 				SigSpec pmux_b, pmux_s;
 				for (auto cell : it.second) {
 					if (cell->type == ID($tribuf))
-						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\EN)));
+						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort(ID(EN)));
 					else
-						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\E)));
-					pmux_b.append(cell->getPort(ID(\\A)));
+						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort(ID(E)));
+					pmux_b.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 					module->remove(cell);
 				}
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/zinit.cc b/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
index a457b083f..ac3d4ed4a 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/zinit.cc
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 
 			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires())
 			{
-				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(\\init)) == 0)
+				if (wire->attributes.count(ID(init)) == 0)
 					continue;
 
 				SigSpec wirebits = sigmap(wire);
-				Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(\\init));
-				wire->attributes.erase(ID(\\init));
+				Const initval = wire->attributes.at(ID(init));
+				wire->attributes.erase(ID(init));
 
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wirebits) && i < GetSize(initval); i++)
 				{
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 				if (!dff_types.count(cell->type))
 					continue;
 
-				SigSpec sig_d = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\D)));
-				SigSpec sig_q = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(\\Q)));
+				SigSpec sig_d = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(D)));
+				SigSpec sig_q = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Q)));
 
 				if (GetSize(sig_d) < 1 || GetSize(sig_q) < 1)
 					continue;
@@ -120,14 +120,14 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 				}
 
 				Wire *initwire = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(initval));
-				initwire->attributes[ID(\\init)] = initval;
+				initwire->attributes[ID(init)] = initval;
 
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(initwire); i++)
 					if (initval.bits.at(i) == State::S1)
 					{
 						sig_d[i] = module->NotGate(NEW_ID, sig_d[i]);
 						module->addNotGate(NEW_ID, SigSpec(initwire, i), sig_q[i]);
-						initwire->attributes[ID(\\init)].bits.at(i) = State::S0;
+						initwire->attributes[ID(init)].bits.at(i) = State::S0;
 					}
 					else
 					{
@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ struct ZinitPass : public Pass {
 				log("FF init value for cell %s (%s): %s = %s\n", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type),
 						log_signal(sig_q), log_signal(initval));
 
-				cell->setPort(ID(\\D), sig_d);
-				cell->setPort(ID(\\Q), initwire);
+				cell->setPort(ID(D), sig_d);
+				cell->setPort(ID(Q), initwire);
 			}
 
 			for (auto &it : initbits)

From 847c54088e14c141560a9f627f5aea5da5bf4517 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 10:26:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 077/197] Change signature of parse_blif to take IdString

---
 frontends/blif/blifparse.cc | 2 +-
 frontends/blif/blifparse.h  | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frontends/blif/blifparse.cc b/frontends/blif/blifparse.cc
index a6a07863f..d17cacf29 100644
--- a/frontends/blif/blifparse.cc
+++ b/frontends/blif/blifparse.cc
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ failed:
 	return std::pair<RTLIL::IdString, int>("\\" + name, 0);
 }
 
-void parse_blif(RTLIL::Design *design, std::istream &f, std::string dff_name, bool run_clean, bool sop_mode, bool wideports)
+void parse_blif(RTLIL::Design *design, std::istream &f, IdString dff_name, bool run_clean, bool sop_mode, bool wideports)
 {
 	RTLIL::Module *module = nullptr;
 	RTLIL::Const *lutptr = NULL;
diff --git a/frontends/blif/blifparse.h b/frontends/blif/blifparse.h
index 955b6aacf..2b84cb795 100644
--- a/frontends/blif/blifparse.h
+++ b/frontends/blif/blifparse.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 YOSYS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
-extern void parse_blif(RTLIL::Design *design, std::istream &f, std::string dff_name,
+extern void parse_blif(RTLIL::Design *design, std::istream &f, IdString dff_name,
 		bool run_clean = false, bool sop_mode = false, bool wideports = false);
 
 YOSYS_NAMESPACE_END

From 6cd8cace0c1d2a9f7b1f1cd56a223c38a5ea799a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 11:25:42 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 078/197] Fix

---
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index 330c56e22..6dea611e3 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				did_something = true;
 			} else {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.unary_buffer");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "unary_buffer", "\\Y", cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "unary_buffer", ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
 			}
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) && cell->getPort(ID(Y)).size() == 1 &&
 				invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)))) != 0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.invert.double", "$_NOT_", "$not", "$logic_not", cell->type.str());
-			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "double_invert", ID(Y), invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID("A")))));
+			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "double_invert", ID(Y), invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)))));
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 

From eb80d3d43fdb070fe99718501d3b0fbdca61ab8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 22:47:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 079/197] Change pmgen default rule to reject, switch peepopt
 behavior to accept

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg      | 3 +--
 passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.pmg        | 1 +
 passes/pmgen/peepopt_muldiv.pmg   | 2 +-
 passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg | 2 +-
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py             | 4 +---
 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg b/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg
index ddc932de5..09856e9ae 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ code
 finally
 	chain.pop_back();
 	log_assert(chain.empty());
+	accept;
 endcode
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -48,7 +49,6 @@ endmatch
 
 code
 	non_first_cells.insert(next);
-	reject;
 endcode
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ code
 		if (GetSize(chain) > GetSize(longest_chain))
 			longest_chain = chain;
 	}
-	reject;
 finally
 	if (next)
 		chain.pop_back();
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.pmg b/passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.pmg
index 1f3590d4e..7003092bb 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.pmg
@@ -159,4 +159,5 @@ code clock clock_pol clock_vld
 		clock_pol = cp;
 		clock_vld = true;
 	}
+	accept;
 endcode
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/peepopt_muldiv.pmg b/passes/pmgen/peepopt_muldiv.pmg
index 06c275834..7cad759d0 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/peepopt_muldiv.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/peepopt_muldiv.pmg
@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ code
 	log("muldiv pattern in %s: mul=%s, div=%s\n", log_id(module), log_id(mul), log_id(div));
 	module->connect(div_y, val_y);
 	autoremove(div);
-	reject;
+	accept;
 endcode
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg b/passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg
index d766d9e4a..d4748ae19 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftmul.pmg
@@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ code
 	shift->setParam(\B_WIDTH, GetSize(new_b));
 
 	blacklist(shift);
-	reject;
+	accept;
 }
 endcode
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index 22a7a5225..c6e9a9cbf 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -494,8 +494,6 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         current_pattern, current_subpattern = block["pattern"]
 
         if block["type"] == "final":
-            print("    on_accept();", file=f)
-            print("    check_blacklist_{}();".format(current_pattern), file=f)
             print("  }", file=f)
             if index+1 != len(blocks):
                 print("", file=f)
@@ -556,7 +554,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("#define reject do {{ check_blacklist_{}(); goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
             print("#define accept do {{ on_accept(); check_blacklist_{}(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
             print("#define branch do {{ block_{}(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(index+1), file=f)
-            print("#define subpattern(pattern_name) block_subpattern_{}_ ## pattern_name ()".format(current_pattern), file=f)
+            print("#define subpattern(pattern_name) do {{ block_subpattern_{}_ ## pattern_name (); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
 
             for line in block["code"]:
                 print("  " + line, file=f)

From 969ab9027a8c4ee831e39f193f7ecb68457152c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 22:48:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 080/197] Update pmgen documentation

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/README.md | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/README.md b/passes/pmgen/README.md
index db722c818..4aa7de162 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/README.md
+++ b/passes/pmgen/README.md
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ write matchers:
   connected to any of the given signal bits, plus one if any of the signal
   bits is also a primary input or primary output.
 
-- In `code..endcode` blocks there exist `accept`, `reject`, and `branch`
-  statements.
+- In `code..endcode` blocks there exist `accept`, `reject`, `branch`, and
+  `subpattern` statements.
 
 - In `index` statements there is a special `===` operator for the index
   lookup.
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ But in some cases it is more natural to utilize the implicit branch statement:
     endcode
 
 There is an implicit `code..endcode` block at the end of each (sub)pattern
-that just accepts everything that gets all the way there.
+that just rejects.
 
 A `code..finally..endcode` block executes the code after `finally` during
 back-tracking. This is useful for maintaining user data state or printing
@@ -243,10 +243,14 @@ debug messages. For example:
 
     code
         stack.push_back(addAB);
+	...
     finally
         stack.pop_back();
     endcode
 
+`accept` statements can be used inside the `finally` section, but not
+`reject`, `branch`, or `subpattern`.
+
 Declaring a subpattern
 ----------------------
 
@@ -256,4 +260,54 @@ using a `subpattern(<subpattern_name>);` C statement.
 
 Arguments may be passed to subpattern via state variables. The `subpattern`
 line must be followed by a `arg <arg1> <arg2> ...` line that lists the
-state variables used to pass arguments. Subpatterns allow recursion.
+state variables used to pass arguments.
+
+	state <IdString> foobar_type
+	state <bool> foobar_state
+
+	code foobar_type foobar_state
+		foobar_state = false;
+		foobar_type = $add;
+		subpattern(foo);
+		foobar_type = $sub;
+		subpattern(bar);
+	endcode
+
+	subpattern foo
+	arg foobar_type foobar_state
+
+	match addsub
+		index <IdString> addsub->type === foobar_type
+		...
+	endmatch
+
+	code
+		if (foobar_state) {
+			subpattern(tail);
+		} else {
+			foobar_state = true;
+			subpattern(bar);
+		}
+	endcode
+
+	subpattern bar
+	arg foobar_type foobar_state
+
+	match addsub
+		index <IdString> addsub->type === foobar_type
+		...
+	endmatch
+
+	code
+		if (foobar_state) {
+			subpattern(tail);
+		} else {
+			foobar_state = true;
+			subpattern(foo);
+		}
+	endcode
+
+	subpattern tail
+	...
+
+Subpatterns cann be called recursively.

From 016036f247f9538016f4e8cbdb889ac631f4a5c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 23:02:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 081/197] Add doc for pmgen semioptional statement, Add pmgen
 changes to CHANGELOG

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 CHANGELOG              | 1 +
 passes/pmgen/README.md | 3 +++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 638c36121..cceb9fc9f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Added automatic gzip compression (based on filename extension) for backends
     - Improve attribute and parameter encoding in JSON to avoid ambiguities between
       bit vectors and strings containing [01xz]*
+    - Improvements in pmgen: subpattern and recursive matches
 
 Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
 --------------------------
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/README.md b/passes/pmgen/README.md
index 4aa7de162..f92445a86 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/README.md
+++ b/passes/pmgen/README.md
@@ -175,6 +175,9 @@ explore the case where `mul` is set to `nullptr`. Without the `optional`
 statement a match may only be assigned nullptr when one of the `if` expressions
 evaluates to `false`.
 
+The `semioptional` statement marks matches that must match if at least one
+matching cell exists, but if no matching cell exists it is set to `nullptr`.
+
 Additional code
 ---------------
 

From 52355f5185fe42e28775e897f458b38a439c0ec5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 14:50:10 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 082/197] Use more ID::{A,B,Y,blackbox,whitebox}

---
 kernel/cellaigs.cc                |  96 ++++-----
 kernel/celledges.cc               |  14 +-
 kernel/celltypes.h                |  10 +-
 kernel/consteval.h                |  16 +-
 kernel/macc.h                     |   8 +-
 kernel/rtlil.cc                   | 192 +++++++++---------
 kernel/satgen.h                   | 236 +++++++++++-----------
 kernel/yosys.h                    |   2 +
 passes/opt/muxpack.cc             |  38 ++--
 passes/opt/opt_clean.cc           |   6 +-
 passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc        |  14 +-
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc            | 318 +++++++++++++++---------------
 passes/opt/opt_lut.cc             |  28 +--
 passes/opt/opt_merge.cc           |  48 ++---
 passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc         |  24 +--
 passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc          |  66 +++----
 passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc           |   8 +-
 passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc         |  30 +--
 passes/opt/share.cc               |  70 +++----
 passes/opt/wreduce.cc             |  46 ++---
 passes/techmap/abc.cc             |  86 ++++----
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc            |  26 +--
 passes/techmap/alumacc.cc         |  34 ++--
 passes/techmap/deminout.cc        |   4 +-
 passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc        |  18 +-
 passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc        |  10 +-
 passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc       |   6 +-
 passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc |  38 ++--
 passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc      |  22 +--
 passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc  |  20 +-
 passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc        |   4 +-
 passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc         |   4 +-
 passes/techmap/maccmap.cc         |  28 +--
 passes/techmap/muxcover.cc        |  30 +--
 passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc         |   2 +-
 passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc        |   8 +-
 passes/techmap/shregmap.cc        |  22 +--
 passes/techmap/simplemap.cc       | 120 +++++------
 passes/techmap/techmap.cc         |   2 +-
 passes/techmap/tribuf.cc          |  22 +--
 40 files changed, 889 insertions(+), 887 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/cellaigs.cc b/kernel/cellaigs.cc
index 6d496db45..02854edb2 100644
--- a/kernel/cellaigs.cc
+++ b/kernel/cellaigs.cc
@@ -292,19 +292,19 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($_NOT_), ID($pos), ID($_BUF_)))
 	{
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))); i++) {
-			int A = mk.inport(ID(A), i);
+		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)); i++) {
+			int A = mk.inport(ID::A, i);
 			int Y = cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($_NOT_)) ? mk.not_gate(A) : A;
-			mk.outport(Y, ID(Y), i);
+			mk.outport(Y, ID::Y, i);
 		}
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($or), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($xor), ID($xnor), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_)))
 	{
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))); i++) {
-			int A = mk.inport(ID(A), i);
-			int B = mk.inport(ID(B), i);
+		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)); i++) {
+			int A = mk.inport(ID::A, i);
+			int B = mk.inport(ID::B, i);
 			int Y = cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($_AND_))   ? mk.and_gate(A, B) :
 			        cell->type.in(ID($_NAND_))          ? mk.nand_gate(A, B) :
 			        cell->type.in(ID($or), ID($_OR_))     ? mk.or_gate(A, B) :
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 			        cell->type.in(ID($xnor), ID($_XNOR_)) ? mk.xnor_gate(A, B) :
 			        cell->type.in(ID($_ANDNOT_))        ? mk.andnot_gate(A, B) :
 			        cell->type.in(ID($_ORNOT_))         ? mk.ornot_gate(A, B) : -1;
-			mk.outport(Y, ID(Y), i);
+			mk.outport(Y, ID::Y, i);
 		}
 		goto optimize;
 	}
@@ -321,22 +321,22 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)))
 	{
 		int S = mk.inport(ID(S));
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))); i++) {
-			int A = mk.inport(ID(A), i);
-			int B = mk.inport(ID(B), i);
+		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)); i++) {
+			int A = mk.inport(ID::A, i);
+			int B = mk.inport(ID::B, i);
 			int Y = mk.mux_gate(A, B, S);
 			if (cell->type == ID($_NMUX_))
 				Y = mk.not_gate(Y);
-			mk.outport(Y, ID(Y), i);
+			mk.outport(Y, ID::Y, i);
 		}
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool)))
 	{
-		int Y = mk.inport(ID(A), 0);
-		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))); i++) {
-			int A = mk.inport(ID(A), i);
+		int Y = mk.inport(ID::A, 0);
+		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)); i++) {
+			int A = mk.inport(ID::A, i);
 			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and))  Y = mk.and_gate(A, Y);
 			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or))   Y = mk.or_gate(A, Y);
 			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_bool)) Y = mk.or_gate(A, Y);
@@ -345,35 +345,35 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 		}
 		if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor))
 			Y = mk.not_gate(Y);
-		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y), 0);
-		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))); i++)
-			mk.outport(mk.bool_node(false), ID(Y), i);
+		mk.outport(Y, ID::Y, 0);
+		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)); i++)
+			mk.outport(mk.bool_node(false), ID::Y, i);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_not), ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport(ID(A), 0), Y = -1;
-		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))); i++)
-			A = mk.or_gate(mk.inport(ID(A), i), A);
+		int A = mk.inport(ID::A, 0), Y = -1;
+		for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)); i++)
+			A = mk.or_gate(mk.inport(ID::A, i), A);
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or))) {
-			int B = mk.inport(ID(B), 0);
-			for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))); i++)
-				B = mk.or_gate(mk.inport(ID(B), i), B);
+			int B = mk.inport(ID::B, 0);
+			for (int i = 1; i < GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::B)); i++)
+				B = mk.or_gate(mk.inport(ID::B, i), B);
 			if (cell->type == ID($logic_and)) Y = mk.and_gate(A, B);
 			if (cell->type == ID($logic_or))  Y = mk.or_gate(A, B);
 		} else {
 			if (cell->type == ID($logic_not)) Y = mk.not_gate(A);
 		}
-		mk.outport_bool(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport_bool(Y, ID::Y);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub)))
 	{
-		int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
-		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID(A), width);
-		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID(B), width);
+		int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
+		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID::A, width);
+		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID::B, width);
 		int carry = mk.bool_node(false);
 		if (cell->type == ID($sub)) {
 			for (auto &n : B)
@@ -381,15 +381,15 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 			carry = mk.not_gate(carry);
 		}
 		vector<int> Y = mk.adder(A, B, carry);
-		mk.outport_vec(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport_vec(Y, ID::Y);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type == ID($alu))
 	{
-		int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
-		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID(A), width);
-		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID(B), width);
+		int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
+		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID::A, width);
+		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID::B, width);
 		int carry = mk.inport(ID(CI));
 		int binv = mk.inport(ID(BI));
 		for (auto &n : B)
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 		vector<int> Y = mk.adder(A, B, carry, &X, &CO);
 		for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
 			X[i] = mk.xor_gate(A[i], B[i]);
-		mk.outport_vec(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport_vec(Y, ID::Y);
 		mk.outport_vec(X, ID(X));
 		mk.outport_vec(CO, ID(CO));
 		goto optimize;
@@ -406,57 +406,57 @@ Aig::Aig(Cell *cell)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne)))
 	{
-		int width = max(GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))), GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))));
-		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID(A), width);
-		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID(B), width);
+		int width = max(GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)), GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::B)));
+		vector<int> A = mk.inport_vec(ID::A, width);
+		vector<int> B = mk.inport_vec(ID::B, width);
 		int Y = mk.bool_node(false);
 		for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
 			Y = mk.or_gate(Y, mk.xor_gate(A[i], B[i]));
 		if (cell->type == ID($eq))
 			Y = mk.not_gate(Y);
-		mk.outport_bool(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport_bool(Y, ID::Y);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type == ID($_AOI3_))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport(ID(A));
-		int B = mk.inport(ID(B));
+		int A = mk.inport(ID::A);
+		int B = mk.inport(ID::B);
 		int C = mk.inport(ID(C));
 		int Y = mk.nor_gate(mk.and_gate(A, B), C);
-		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport(Y, ID::Y);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type == ID($_OAI3_))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport(ID(A));
-		int B = mk.inport(ID(B));
+		int A = mk.inport(ID::A);
+		int B = mk.inport(ID::B);
 		int C = mk.inport(ID(C));
 		int Y = mk.nand_gate(mk.or_gate(A, B), C);
-		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport(Y, ID::Y);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type == ID($_AOI4_))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport(ID(A));
-		int B = mk.inport(ID(B));
+		int A = mk.inport(ID::A);
+		int B = mk.inport(ID::B);
 		int C = mk.inport(ID(C));
 		int D = mk.inport(ID(D));
 		int Y = mk.nor_gate(mk.and_gate(A, B), mk.and_gate(C, D));
-		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport(Y, ID::Y);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
 	if (cell->type == ID($_OAI4_))
 	{
-		int A = mk.inport(ID(A));
-		int B = mk.inport(ID(B));
+		int A = mk.inport(ID::A);
+		int B = mk.inport(ID::B);
 		int C = mk.inport(ID(C));
 		int D = mk.inport(ID(D));
 		int Y = mk.nand_gate(mk.or_gate(A, B), mk.or_gate(C, D));
-		mk.outport(Y, ID(Y));
+		mk.outport(Y, ID::Y);
 		goto optimize;
 	}
 
diff --git a/kernel/celledges.cc b/kernel/celledges.cc
index 7a324a06e..d0bb99e83 100644
--- a/kernel/celledges.cc
+++ b/kernel/celledges.cc
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 void bitwise_unary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = ID(A), Y = ID(Y);
+	IdString A = ID::A, Y = ID::Y;
 
 	bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void bitwise_unary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void bitwise_binary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), Y = ID(Y);
+	IdString A = ID::A, B = ID::B, Y = ID::Y;
 
 	bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void bitwise_binary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void arith_neg_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = ID(A), Y = ID(Y);
+	IdString A = ID::A, Y = ID::Y;
 
 	bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void arith_neg_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void arith_binary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), Y = ID(Y);
+	IdString A = ID::A, B = ID::B, Y = ID::Y;
 
 	bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ void arith_binary_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void reduce_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = ID(A), Y = ID(Y);
+	IdString A = ID::A, Y = ID::Y;
 
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ void reduce_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void compare_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), Y = ID(Y);
+	IdString A = ID::A, B = ID::B, Y = ID::Y;
 
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 	int b_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(B));
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ void compare_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void mux_op(AbstractCellEdgesDatabase *db, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), S = ID(S), Y = ID(Y);
+	IdString A = ID::A, B = ID::B, S = ID(S), Y = ID::Y;
 
 	int a_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(A));
 	int b_width = GetSize(cell->getPort(B));
diff --git a/kernel/celltypes.h b/kernel/celltypes.h
index ade305e83..bc96fd602 100644
--- a/kernel/celltypes.h
+++ b/kernel/celltypes.h
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ struct CellTypes
 	{
 		setup_internals_eval();
 
-		IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), EN = ID(EN), Y = ID(Y);
+		IdString A = ID::A, B = ID::B, EN = ID(EN), Y = ID::Y;
 		IdString SRC = ID(SRC), DST = ID(DST), DAT = ID(DAT);
 		IdString EN_SRC = ID(EN_SRC), EN_DST = ID(EN_DST);
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ struct CellTypes
 			ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow),
 			ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or), ID($concat), ID($macc)
 		};
-		IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), S = ID(S), Y = ID(Y);
+		IdString A = ID::A, B = ID::B, S = ID(S), Y = ID::Y;
 		IdString P = ID(P), G = ID(G), C = ID(C), X = ID(X);
 		IdString BI = ID(BI), CI = ID(CI), CO = ID(CO), EN = ID(EN);
 
@@ -177,19 +177,19 @@ struct CellTypes
 	{
 		setup_stdcells_eval();
 
-		IdString A = ID(A), E = ID(E), Y = ID(Y);
+		IdString A = ID::A, E = ID(E), Y = ID::Y;
 
 		setup_type(ID($_TBUF_), {A, E}, {Y}, true);
 	}
 
 	void setup_stdcells_eval()
 	{
-		IdString A = ID(A), B = ID(B), C = ID(C), D = ID(D);
+		IdString A = ID::A, B = ID::B, C = ID(C), D = ID(D);
 		IdString E = ID(E), F = ID(F), G = ID(G), H = ID(H);
 		IdString I = ID(I), J = ID(J), K = ID(K), L = ID(L);
 		IdString M = ID(M), N = ID(N), O = ID(O), P = ID(P);
 		IdString S = ID(S), T = ID(T), U = ID(U), V = ID(V);
-		IdString Y = ID(Y);
+		IdString Y = ID::Y;
 
 		setup_type(ID($_BUF_), {A}, {Y}, true);
 		setup_type(ID($_NOT_), {A}, {Y}, true);
diff --git a/kernel/consteval.h b/kernel/consteval.h
index 09b4c434b..7a83d28e7 100644
--- a/kernel/consteval.h
+++ b/kernel/consteval.h
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ struct ConstEval
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, sig_b, sig_s, sig_y;
 
-		log_assert(cell->hasPort(ID(Y)));
-		sig_y = values_map(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
+		log_assert(cell->hasPort(ID::Y));
+		sig_y = values_map(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y)));
 		if (sig_y.is_fully_const())
 			return true;
 
@@ -139,11 +139,11 @@ struct ConstEval
 				return false;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->hasPort(ID(A)))
-			sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID::A))
+			sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 
-		if (cell->hasPort(ID(B)))
-			sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID::B))
+			sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_)))
 		{
@@ -298,11 +298,11 @@ struct ConstEval
 					return false;
 			}
 
-			RTLIL::Const result(0, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
+			RTLIL::Const result(0, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)));
 			if (!macc.eval(result))
 				log_abort();
 
-			set(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), result);
+			set(cell->getPort(ID::Y), result);
 		}
 		else
 		{
diff --git a/kernel/macc.h b/kernel/macc.h
index e07e7e01a..371f6737d 100644
--- a/kernel/macc.h
+++ b/kernel/macc.h
@@ -99,10 +99,10 @@ struct Macc
 
 	void from_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec port_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec port_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 
 		ports.clear();
-		bit_ports = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		bit_ports = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 
 		std::vector<RTLIL::State> config_bits = cell->getParam(ID(CONFIG)).bits;
 		int config_cursor = 0;
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ struct Macc
 			port_a.append(port.in_b);
 		}
 
-		cell->setPort(ID(A), port_a);
-		cell->setPort(ID(B), bit_ports);
+		cell->setPort(ID::A, port_a);
+		cell->setPort(ID::B, bit_ports);
 		cell->setParam(ID(CONFIG), config_bits);
 		cell->setParam(ID(CONFIG_WIDTH), GetSize(config_bits));
 		cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), GetSize(port_a));
diff --git a/kernel/rtlil.cc b/kernel/rtlil.cc
index d01bd0c62..1d380135b 100644
--- a/kernel/rtlil.cc
+++ b/kernel/rtlil.cc
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ void RTLIL::Module::makeblackbox()
 	processes.clear();
 
 	remove(delwires);
-	set_bool_attribute(ID(blackbox));
+	set_bool_attribute(ID::blackbox);
 }
 
 void RTLIL::Module::reprocess_module(RTLIL::Design *, dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Module *>)
@@ -845,8 +845,8 @@ namespace {
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($pos), ID($neg))) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -854,17 +854,17 @@ namespace {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor))) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
 				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool))) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -872,9 +872,9 @@ namespace {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx))) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
 				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected(false);
 				return;
 			}
@@ -882,9 +882,9 @@ namespace {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt))) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
 				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -892,19 +892,19 @@ namespace {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow))) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
 				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected(cell->type != ID($pow));
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($fa)) {
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				port(ID(C), param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				port(ID(X), param(ID(WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -921,12 +921,12 @@ namespace {
 			if (cell->type == ID($alu)) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
 				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
 				port(ID(CI), 1);
 				port(ID(BI), 1);
 				port(ID(X), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				port(ID(CO), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
@@ -935,9 +935,9 @@ namespace {
 			if (cell->type == ID($macc)) {
 				param(ID(CONFIG));
 				param(ID(CONFIG_WIDTH));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				Macc().from_cell(cell);
 				return;
@@ -945,8 +945,8 @@ namespace {
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($logic_not)) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -954,17 +954,17 @@ namespace {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or))) {
 				param_bool(ID(A_SIGNED));
 				param_bool(ID(B_SIGNED));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected(false);
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($slice)) {
 				param(ID(OFFSET));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(Y_WIDTH)));
 				if (param(ID(OFFSET)) + param(ID(Y_WIDTH)) > param(ID(A_WIDTH)))
 					error(__LINE__);
 				check_expected();
@@ -972,35 +972,35 @@ namespace {
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($concat)) {
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(A_WIDTH)) + param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(A_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(A_WIDTH)) + param(ID(B_WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				port(ID(S), 1);
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($pmux)) {
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(B), param(ID(WIDTH)) * param(ID(S_WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::B, param(ID(WIDTH)) * param(ID(S_WIDTH)));
 				port(ID(S), param(ID(S_WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($lut)) {
 				param(ID(LUT));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), 1);
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -1008,8 +1008,8 @@ namespace {
 			if (cell->type == ID($sop)) {
 				param(ID(DEPTH));
 				param(ID(TABLE));
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), 1);
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -1175,36 +1175,36 @@ namespace {
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($tribuf)) {
-				port(ID(A), param(ID(WIDTH)));
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::A, param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				port(ID(EN), 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($assert), ID($assume), ID($live), ID($fair), ID($cover))) {
-				port(ID(A), 1);
+				port(ID::A, 1);
 				port(ID(EN), 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($initstate)) {
-				port(ID(Y), 1);
+				port(ID::Y, 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($anyconst), ID($anyseq), ID($allconst), ID($allseq))) {
-				port(ID(Y), param(ID(WIDTH)));
+				port(ID::Y, param(ID(WIDTH)));
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($equiv)) {
-				port(ID(A), 1);
-				port(ID(B), 1);
-				port(ID(Y), 1);
+				port(ID::A, 1);
+				port(ID::B, 1);
+				port(ID::Y, 1);
 				check_expected();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -1831,8 +1831,8 @@ RTLIL::Cell *RTLIL::Module::addCell(RTLIL::IdString name, const RTLIL::Cell *oth
 		cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = is_signed;         \
 		cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();       \
 		cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = sig_y.size();       \
-		cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);                        \
-		cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);                        \
+		cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);                        \
+		cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);                        \
 		cell->set_src_attribute(src);                       \
 		return cell;                                        \
 	} \
@@ -1860,9 +1860,9 @@ DEF_METHOD(LogicNot,   1, ID($logic_not))
 		cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();       \
 		cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = sig_b.size();       \
 		cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = sig_y.size();       \
-		cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);                        \
-		cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);                        \
-		cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);                        \
+		cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);                        \
+		cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b);                        \
+		cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);                        \
 		cell->set_src_attribute(src);                       \
 		return cell;                                        \
 	} \
@@ -1903,10 +1903,10 @@ DEF_METHOD(LogicOr,  1, ID($logic_or))
 		RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, _type);                 \
 		cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();               \
 		if (_pmux) cell->parameters[ID(S_WIDTH)] = sig_s.size();  \
-		cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);                              \
-		cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);                              \
+		cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);                              \
+		cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b);                              \
 		cell->setPort(ID(S), sig_s);                              \
-		cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);                              \
+		cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);                              \
 		cell->set_src_attribute(src);                             \
 		return cell;                                              \
 	} \
@@ -2006,9 +2006,9 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addPow(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, R
 	cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
 	cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = sig_b.size();
 	cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = sig_y.size();
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-	cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2019,8 +2019,8 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addSlice(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a,
 	cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
 	cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = sig_y.size();
 	cell->parameters[ID(OFFSET)] = offset;
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2030,9 +2030,9 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addConcat(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($concat));
 	cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
 	cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = sig_b.size();
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-	cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2042,8 +2042,8 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addLut(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, R
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($lut));
 	cell->parameters[ID(LUT)] = lut;
 	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2052,9 +2052,9 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addTribuf(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($tribuf));
 	cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = sig_a.size();
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2062,7 +2062,7 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addTribuf(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAssert(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($assert));
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
@@ -2071,7 +2071,7 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAssert(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAssume(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($assume));
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
@@ -2080,7 +2080,7 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addAssume(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addLive(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($live));
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
@@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addLive(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a,
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addFair(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($fair));
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
@@ -2098,7 +2098,7 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addFair(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a,
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addCover(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_en, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($cover));
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 	cell->setPort(ID(EN), sig_en);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
@@ -2107,9 +2107,9 @@ RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addCover(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a,
 RTLIL::Cell* RTLIL::Module::addEquiv(RTLIL::IdString name, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b, RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y, const std::string &src)
 {
 	RTLIL::Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($equiv));
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-	cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+	cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return cell;
 }
@@ -2308,7 +2308,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Anyconst(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const st
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($anyconst));
 	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2318,7 +2318,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Anyseq(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const std:
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($anyseq));
 	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Allconst(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const st
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($allconst));
 	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2338,7 +2338,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Allseq(RTLIL::IdString name, int width, const std:
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($allseq));
 	cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2347,7 +2347,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::Module::Initstate(RTLIL::IdString name, const std::string
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig = addWire(NEW_ID);
 	Cell *cell = addCell(name, ID($initstate));
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig);
 	cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 	return sig;
 }
@@ -2569,7 +2569,7 @@ void RTLIL::Cell::fixup_parameters(bool set_a_signed, bool set_b_signed)
 		return;
 
 	if (type == ID($mux) || type == ID($pmux)) {
-		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(Y)]);
+		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID::Y]);
 		if (type == ID($pmux))
 			parameters[ID(S_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(S)]);
 		check();
@@ -2577,12 +2577,12 @@ void RTLIL::Cell::fixup_parameters(bool set_a_signed, bool set_b_signed)
 	}
 
 	if (type == ID($lut) || type == ID($sop)) {
-		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(A)]);
+		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID::A]);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if (type == ID($fa)) {
-		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(Y)]);
+		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID::Y]);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2593,28 +2593,28 @@ void RTLIL::Cell::fixup_parameters(bool set_a_signed, bool set_b_signed)
 
 	bool signedness_ab = !type.in(ID($slice), ID($concat), ID($macc));
 
-	if (connections_.count(ID(A))) {
+	if (connections_.count(ID::A)) {
 		if (signedness_ab) {
 			if (set_a_signed)
 				parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = true;
 			else if (parameters.count(ID(A_SIGNED)) == 0)
 				parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = false;
 		}
-		parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(A)]);
+		parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID::A]);
 	}
 
-	if (connections_.count(ID(B))) {
+	if (connections_.count(ID::B)) {
 		if (signedness_ab) {
 			if (set_b_signed)
 				parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = true;
 			else if (parameters.count(ID(B_SIGNED)) == 0)
 				parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = false;
 		}
-		parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(B)]);
+		parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID::B]);
 	}
 
-	if (connections_.count(ID(Y)))
-		parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(Y)]);
+	if (connections_.count(ID::Y))
+		parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID::Y]);
 
 	if (connections_.count(ID(Q)))
 		parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = GetSize(connections_[ID(Q)]);
diff --git a/kernel/satgen.h b/kernel/satgen.h
index aab3017c2..133389eee 100644
--- a/kernel/satgen.h
+++ b/kernel/satgen.h
@@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (model_undef && (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod)) || is_arith_compare))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			if (is_arith_compare)
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
 			else
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			int undef_y_bit = ez->OR(undef_any_a, undef_any_b);
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($div), ID($mod))) {
-				std::vector<int> b = importSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> b = importSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 				undef_y_bit = ez->OR(undef_y_bit, ez->NOT(ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, b)));
 			}
 
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ struct SatGen
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_),
 				ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor), ID($add), ID($sub)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
@@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef && !arith_undef_handled)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, undef_y, cell, false);
 
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_))) {
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			}
 			else if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
 			}
 			return true;
@@ -395,11 +395,11 @@ struct SatGen
 			bool aoi_mode = cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_AOI4_));
 			bool three_mode = cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_));
 
-			int a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep).at(0);
-			int b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep).at(0);
+			int a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep).at(0);
+			int b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep).at(0);
 			int c = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(C)), timestep).at(0);
 			int d = three_mode ? (aoi_mode ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE) : importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(D)), timestep).at(0);
-			int y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep).at(0);
+			int y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep).at(0);
 			int yy = model_undef ? ez->literal() : y;
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_AOI4_)))
@@ -409,11 +409,11 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				int undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep).at(0);
-				int undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep).at(0);
+				int undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep).at(0);
+				int undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep).at(0);
 				int undef_c = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(C)), timestep).at(0);
 				int undef_d = three_mode ? ez->CONST_FALSE : importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(D)), timestep).at(0);
-				int undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep).at(0);
+				int undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep).at(0);
 
 				if (aoi_mode)
 				{
@@ -458,16 +458,16 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidthUnary(a, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 			ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(ez->vec_not(a), yy));
 
 			if (model_undef) {
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidthUnary(undef_a, undef_y, cell, false);
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_a, undef_y));
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
@@ -477,10 +477,10 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_MUX_), ID($mux), ID($_NMUX_)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> s = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(S)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 			if (cell->type == ID($_NMUX_))
@@ -490,10 +490,10 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_s = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(S)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 				std::vector<int> unequal_ab = ez->vec_not(ez->vec_iff(a, b));
 				std::vector<int> undef_ab = ez->vec_or(unequal_ab, ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b));
@@ -506,10 +506,10 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($pmux))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> s = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(S)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
@@ -522,10 +522,10 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_s = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(S)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 				int maybe_a = ez->CONST_TRUE;
 
@@ -557,8 +557,8 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($neg)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidthUnary(a, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
@@ -572,8 +572,8 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidthUnary(undef_a, undef_y, cell);
 
 				if (cell->type == ID($pos)) {
@@ -591,8 +591,8 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool), ID($logic_not)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
@@ -611,8 +611,8 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				int aX = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a);
 
 				if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and)) {
@@ -638,12 +638,12 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> vec_a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> vec_b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> vec_a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> vec_b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 
 			int a = ez->expression(ez->OpOr, vec_a);
 			int b = ez->expression(ez->OpOr, vec_b);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
@@ -656,9 +656,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 				int a0 = ez->NOT(ez->OR(ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, vec_a), ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a)));
 				int b0 = ez->NOT(ez->OR(ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, vec_b), ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_b)));
@@ -685,16 +685,16 @@ struct SatGen
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt)))
 		{
 			bool is_signed = cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 
 			if (model_undef && cell->type.in(ID($eqx), ID($nex))) {
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
 				a = ez->vec_or(a, undef_a);
 				b = ez->vec_or(b, undef_b);
@@ -717,9 +717,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef && cell->type.in(ID($eqx), ID($nex)))
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
 
 				if (cell->type == ID($eqx))
@@ -734,9 +734,9 @@ struct SatGen
 			}
 			else if (model_undef && cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne)))
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidth(undef_a, undef_b, cell, true);
 
 				int undef_any_a = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a);
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ struct SatGen
 			else
 			{
 				if (model_undef) {
-					std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+					std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 					undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
 				}
 				log_assert(!model_undef || arith_undef_handled);
@@ -768,9 +768,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 			int extend_bit = ez->CONST_FALSE;
 
@@ -801,9 +801,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_a_shifted;
 
 				extend_bit = cell->type == ID($shiftx) ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE;
@@ -840,9 +840,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($mul))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef) {
 				log_assert(arith_undef_handled);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
 			}
 			return true;
@@ -867,9 +867,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($macc))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 			Macc macc;
 			macc.from_cell(cell);
@@ -918,13 +918,13 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 
 				int undef_any_a = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_a);
 				int undef_any_b = ez->expression(ezSAT::OpOr, undef_b);
 
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_y, std::vector<int>(GetSize(y), ez->OR(undef_any_a, undef_any_b))));
 
 				undefGating(y, tmp, undef_y);
@@ -937,9 +937,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($div), ID($mod)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidth(a, b, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
@@ -993,11 +993,11 @@ struct SatGen
 						only_first_one.at(0) = ez->CONST_TRUE;
 						div_zero_result = ez->vec_ite(a.back(), only_first_one, all_ones);
 					} else {
-						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), cell->getPort(ID(A)).size(), ez->CONST_TRUE);
+						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), cell->getPort(ID::A).size(), ez->CONST_TRUE);
 						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), y.size() - div_zero_result.size(), ez->CONST_FALSE);
 					}
 				} else {
-					int copy_a_bits = min(cell->getPort(ID(A)).size(), cell->getPort(ID(B)).size());
+					int copy_a_bits = min(cell->getPort(ID::A).size(), cell->getPort(ID::B).size());
 					div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), a.begin(), a.begin() + copy_a_bits);
 					if (cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool() && cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool())
 						div_zero_result.insert(div_zero_result.end(), y.size() - div_zero_result.size(), div_zero_result.back());
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef) {
 				log_assert(arith_undef_handled);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
 			}
 			return true;
@@ -1017,8 +1017,8 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($lut))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> lut;
 			for (auto bit : cell->getParam(ID(LUT)).bits)
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> t(lut), u(GetSize(t), ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
 				for (int i = GetSize(a)-1; i >= 0; i--)
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ struct SatGen
 				log_assert(GetSize(t) == 1);
 				log_assert(GetSize(u) == 1);
 				undefGating(y, t, u);
-				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep), u));
+				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep), u));
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -1067,8 +1067,8 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($sop))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			int y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep).at(0);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			int y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep).at(0);
 
 			int width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 			int depth = cell->getParam(ID(DEPTH)).as_int();
@@ -1096,8 +1096,8 @@ struct SatGen
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
 				std::vector<int> products, undef_products;
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				int undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep).at(0);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				int undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep).at(0);
 
 				for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++)
 				{
@@ -1149,10 +1149,10 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($fa))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> c = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(C)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> x = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(X)), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
@@ -1167,11 +1167,11 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_c = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(C)), timestep);
 
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_x = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(X)), timestep);
 
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_y, ez->vec_or(ez->vec_or(undef_a, undef_b), undef_c)));
@@ -1217,9 +1217,9 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($alu))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> b = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> x = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(X)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> ci = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CI)), timestep);
 			std::vector<int> bi = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(BI)), timestep);
@@ -1248,12 +1248,12 @@ struct SatGen
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(B)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_b = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::B), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_ci = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CI)), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_bi = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(BI)), timestep);
 
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_x = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(X)), timestep);
 				std::vector<int> undef_co = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(CO)), timestep);
 
@@ -1283,17 +1283,17 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($slice))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 			ez->assume(signals_eq(a.extract(cell->parameters.at(ID(OFFSET)).as_int(), y.size()), y, timestep));
 			return true;
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($concat))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 			RTLIL::SigSpec ab = a;
 			ab.append(b);
@@ -1333,16 +1333,16 @@ struct SatGen
 			if (timestep < 2)
 				return true;
 
-			std::vector<int> d = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep-1);
-			std::vector<int> q = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> d = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep-1);
+			std::vector<int> q = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 			std::vector<int> qq = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(q.size()) : q;
 			ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(d, qq));
 
 			if (model_undef)
 			{
-				std::vector<int> undef_d = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep-1);
-				std::vector<int> undef_q = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_d = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep-1);
+				std::vector<int> undef_q = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_d, undef_q));
 				undefGating(q, qq, undef_q);
@@ -1357,16 +1357,16 @@ struct SatGen
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_BUF_), ID($equiv)))
 		{
-			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> a = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			extendSignalWidthUnary(a, y, cell);
 
 			std::vector<int> yy = model_undef ? ez->vec_var(y.size()) : y;
 			ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(a, yy));
 
 			if (model_undef) {
-				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(A)), timestep);
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_a = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::A), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				extendSignalWidthUnary(undef_a, undef_y, cell, false);
 				ez->assume(ez->vec_eq(undef_a, undef_y));
 				undefGating(y, yy, undef_y);
@@ -1380,12 +1380,12 @@ struct SatGen
 			if (initstates.count(key) == 0)
 				initstates[key] = false;
 
-			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+			std::vector<int> y = importDefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 			log_assert(GetSize(y) == 1);
 			ez->SET(y[0], initstates[key] ? ez->CONST_TRUE : ez->CONST_FALSE);
 
 			if (model_undef) {
-				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), timestep);
+				std::vector<int> undef_y = importUndefSigSpec(cell->getPort(ID::Y), timestep);
 				log_assert(GetSize(undef_y) == 1);
 				ez->SET(undef_y[0], ez->CONST_FALSE);
 			}
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ struct SatGen
 		if (cell->type == ID($assert))
 		{
 			std::string pf = prefix + (timestep == -1 ? "" : stringf("@%d:", timestep));
-			asserts_a[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(A))));
+			asserts_a[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID::A)));
 			asserts_en[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(EN))));
 			return true;
 		}
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ struct SatGen
 		if (cell->type == ID($assume))
 		{
 			std::string pf = prefix + (timestep == -1 ? "" : stringf("@%d:", timestep));
-			assumes_a[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(A))));
+			assumes_a[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID::A)));
 			assumes_en[pf].append((*sigmap)(cell->getPort(ID(EN))));
 			return true;
 		}
diff --git a/kernel/yosys.h b/kernel/yosys.h
index 49716ed52..52e7b3383 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.h
+++ b/kernel/yosys.h
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ namespace RTLIL {
 	struct Module;
 	struct Design;
 	struct Monitor;
+    namespace ID {}
 }
 
 namespace AST {
@@ -224,6 +225,7 @@ using RTLIL::Wire;
 using RTLIL::Cell;
 using RTLIL::Module;
 using RTLIL::Design;
+namespace ID = RTLIL::ID;
 
 namespace hashlib {
 	template<> struct hash_ops<RTLIL::Wire*> : hash_obj_ops {};
diff --git a/passes/opt/muxpack.cc b/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
index cf6752b6e..97c88f423 100644
--- a/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
@@ -38,19 +38,19 @@ struct ExclusiveDatabase
 		pool<Cell*> reduce_or;
 		for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
 			if (cell->type == ID($eq)) {
-				nonconst_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				const_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				nonconst_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				const_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 				if (!const_sig.is_fully_const()) {
 					if (!nonconst_sig.is_fully_const())
 						continue;
 					std::swap(nonconst_sig, const_sig);
 				}
-				y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+				y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 			}
 			else if (cell->type == ID($logic_not)) {
-				nonconst_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				nonconst_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				const_sig = Const(State::S0, GetSize(nonconst_sig));
-				y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+				y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 			}
 			else if (cell->type == ID($reduce_or)) {
 				reduce_or.insert(cell);
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ struct ExclusiveDatabase
 		for (auto cell : reduce_or) {
 			nonconst_sig = SigSpec();
 			std::vector<Const> values;
-			SigSpec a_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			SigSpec a_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			for (auto bit : a_port) {
 				auto it = sig_cmp_prev.find(bit);
 				if (it == sig_cmp_prev.end()) {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ struct ExclusiveDatabase
 			}
 			if (nonconst_sig.empty())
 				continue;
-			y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			y_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 			sig_cmp_prev[y_port] = std::make_pair(nonconst_sig,std::move(values));
 		}
 	}
@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 		{
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 			{
-				SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				SigSpec b_sig;
 				if (cell->type == ID($mux))
-					b_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-				SigSpec y_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+					b_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+				SigSpec y_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
    
 				if (sig_chain_next.count(a_sig))
 					for (auto a_bit : a_sig.bits())
@@ -186,9 +186,9 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 		{
 			log_debug("Considering %s (%s)\n", log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
 
-			SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
-				SigSpec b_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				SigSpec b_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 				if (sig_chain_prev.count(a_sig) + sig_chain_prev.count(b_sig) != 1)
 					goto start_cell;
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 		{
 			chain.push_back(c);
 
-			SigSpec y_sig = sigmap(c->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			SigSpec y_sig = sigmap(c->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 			if (sig_chain_next.count(y_sig) == 0)
 				break;
@@ -270,28 +270,28 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 			pmux_count += 1;
 
 			first_cell->type = ID($pmux);
-			SigSpec b_sig = first_cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			SigSpec b_sig = first_cell->getPort(ID::B);
 			SigSpec s_sig = first_cell->getPort(ID(S));
 
 			for (int i = 1; i < cases; i++) {
 				Cell* prev_cell = chain[cursor+i-1];
 				Cell* cursor_cell = chain[cursor+i];
-				if (sigmap(prev_cell->getPort(ID(Y))) == sigmap(cursor_cell->getPort(ID(A)))) {
-					b_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				if (sigmap(prev_cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == sigmap(cursor_cell->getPort(ID::A))) {
+					b_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort(ID::B));
 					s_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 				}
 				else {
 					log_assert(cursor_cell->type == ID($mux));
-					b_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+					b_sig.append(cursor_cell->getPort(ID::A));
 					s_sig.append(module->LogicNot(NEW_ID, cursor_cell->getPort(ID(S))));
 				}
 				remove_cells.insert(cursor_cell);
 			}
 
-			first_cell->setPort(ID(B), b_sig);
+			first_cell->setPort(ID::B, b_sig);
 			first_cell->setPort(ID(S), s_sig);
 			first_cell->setParam(ID(S_WIDTH), GetSize(s_sig));
-			first_cell->setPort(ID(Y), last_cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			first_cell->setPort(ID::Y, last_cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 			cursor += cases;
 		}
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc b/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
index 1d3a85b3a..bf75c7adc 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
@@ -482,8 +482,8 @@ void rmunused_module(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbose, bool
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($_BUF_)) && !cell->has_keep_attr()) {
 			bool is_signed = cell->type == ID($pos) && cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 			a.extend_u0(GetSize(y), is_signed);
 			module->connect(y, a);
 			delcells.push_back(cell);
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ void rmunused_module(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbose, bool
 	for (auto cell : delcells) {
 		if (verbose)
 			log_debug("  removing buffer cell `%s': %s = %s\n", cell->name.c_str(),
-					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(Y))), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(A))));
+					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID::Y)), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID::A)));
 		module->remove(cell);
 	}
 	if (!delcells.empty())
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc b/passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc
index 7defef442..4bc82815b 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_demorgan.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 	if( (cell->type != ID($reduce_and)) && (cell->type != ID($reduce_or)) )
 		return;
 
-	auto insig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+	auto insig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 	log("Inspecting %s cell %s (%d inputs)\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell->name), GetSize(insig));
 	int num_inverted = 0;
 	for(int i=0; i<GetSize(insig); i++)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 		bool inverted = false;
 		for(auto x : ports)
 		{
-			if(x.port == ID(Y) && x.cell->type == ID($_NOT_))
+			if(x.port == ID::Y && x.cell->type == ID($_NOT_))
 			{
 				inverted = true;
 				break;
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 		RTLIL::Cell* srcinv = NULL;
 		for(auto x : ports)
 		{
-			if(x.port == ID(Y) && x.cell->type == ID($_NOT_))
+			if(x.port == ID::Y && x.cell->type == ID($_NOT_))
 			{
 				srcinv = x.cell;
 				break;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 		//We ARE inverted - bypass it
 		//Don't automatically delete the inverter since other stuff might still use it
 		else
-			insig[i] = srcinv->getPort(ID(A));
+			insig[i] = srcinv->getPort(ID::A);
 	}
 
 	//Cosmetic fixup: If our input is just a scrambled version of one bus, rearrange it
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 	}
 
 	//Push the new input signal back to the reduction (after bypassing/adding inverters)
-	cell->setPort(ID(A), insig);
+	cell->setPort(ID::A, insig);
 
 	//Change the cell type
 	if(cell->type == ID($reduce_and))
@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@ void demorgan_worker(
 	//don't change XOR
 
 	//Add an inverter to the output
-	auto inverted_output = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	auto inverted_output = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 	auto uninverted_output = m->addWire(NEW_ID);
 	m->addNot(NEW_ID, RTLIL::SigSpec(uninverted_output), inverted_output);
-	cell->setPort(ID(Y), uninverted_output);
+	cell->setPort(ID::Y, uninverted_output);
 }
 
 struct OptDemorganPass : public Pass {
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index 6dea611e3..85ec9a55a 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -134,14 +134,14 @@ void replace_cell(SigMap &assign_map, RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell,
 
 bool group_cell_inputs(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool commutative, SigMap &sigmap)
 {
-	IdString b_name = cell->hasPort(ID(B)) ? ID(B) : ID(A);
+	IdString b_name = cell->hasPort(ID::B) ? ID::B : ID::A;
 
 	bool a_signed = cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	bool b_signed = cell->parameters.at(b_name.str() + "_SIGNED").as_bool();
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(b_name));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 	sig_a.extend_u0(sig_y.size(), a_signed);
 	sig_b.extend_u0(sig_y.size(), b_signed);
@@ -208,24 +208,24 @@ bool group_cell_inputs(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool commutativ
 
 		RTLIL::Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, cell->type);
 
-		c->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
+		c->setPort(ID::A, new_a);
 		c->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = new_a.size();
 		c->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = false;
 
-		if (b_name == ID(B)) {
-			c->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+		if (b_name == ID::B) {
+			c->setPort(ID::B, new_b);
 			c->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = new_b.size();
 			c->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = false;
 		}
 
-		c->setPort(ID(Y), new_y);
+		c->setPort(ID::Y, new_y);
 		c->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = new_y->width;
 		c->check();
 
 		module->connect(new_conn);
 
 		log_debug("  New cell `%s': A=%s", log_id(c), log_signal(new_a));
-		if (b_name == ID(B))
+		if (b_name == ID::B)
 			log_debug(", B=%s", log_signal(new_b));
 		log_debug("\n");
 	}
@@ -368,11 +368,11 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		if (design->selected(module, cell) && cell->type[0] == '$') {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) &&
-					cell->getPort(ID(A)).size() == 1 && cell->getPort(ID(Y)).size() == 1)
-				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))] = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+					cell->getPort(ID::A).size() == 1 && cell->getPort(ID::Y).size() == 1)
+				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y))] = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) &&
-					cell->getPort(ID(A)) == SigSpec(State::S1) && cell->getPort(ID(B)) == SigSpec(State::S0))
-				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))] = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+					cell->getPort(ID::A) == SigSpec(State::S1) && cell->getPort(ID::B) == SigSpec(State::S0))
+				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y))] = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 			if (ct_combinational.cell_known(cell->type))
 				for (auto &conn : cell->connections()) {
 					RTLIL::SigSpec sig = assign_map(conn.second);
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 	for (auto cell : cells.sorted)
 	{
 #define ACTION_DO(_p_, _s_) do { cover("opt.opt_expr.action_" S__LINE__); replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, input.as_string(), _p_, _s_); goto next_cell; } while (0)
-#define ACTION_DO_Y(_v_) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::S ## _v_))
+#define ACTION_DO_Y(_v_) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::S ## _v_))
 
 		if (clkinv)
 		{
@@ -439,23 +439,23 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($_AND_)))
 			detect_const_and = true;
 
-		if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($logic_and)) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))) == 1 && !cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($logic_and)) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::B)) == 1 && !cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 			detect_const_and = true;
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool), ID($_OR_)))
 			detect_const_or = true;
 
-		if (cell->type.in(ID($or), ID($logic_or)) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))) == 1 && !cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($or), ID($logic_or)) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::B)) == 1 && !cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 			detect_const_or = true;
 
 		if (detect_const_and || detect_const_or)
 		{
-			pool<SigBit> input_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))).to_sigbit_pool();
+			pool<SigBit> input_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A)).to_sigbit_pool();
 			bool found_zero = false, found_one = false, found_undef = false, found_inv = false, many_conconst = false;
 			SigBit non_const_input = State::Sm;
 
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(B))) {
-				vector<SigBit> more_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).to_sigbit_vector();
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID::B)) {
+				vector<SigBit> more_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B)).to_sigbit_vector();
 				input_bits.insert(more_bits.begin(), more_bits.end());
 			}
 
@@ -478,25 +478,25 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (detect_const_and && (found_zero || found_inv)) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.const_and");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "const_and", ID(Y), RTLIL::State::S0);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "const_and", ID::Y, RTLIL::State::S0);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 
 			if (detect_const_or && (found_one || found_inv)) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.const_or");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "const_or", ID(Y), RTLIL::State::S1);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "const_or", ID::Y, RTLIL::State::S1);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 
 			if (non_const_input != State::Sm && !found_undef) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.and_or_buffer");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "and_or_buffer", ID(Y), non_const_input);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "and_or_buffer", ID::Y, non_const_input);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($neg)) &&
-				GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))) == 1)
+				GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == 1)
 		{
 			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.reduce_xnor_not");
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				did_something = true;
 			} else {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.unary_buffer");
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "unary_buffer", ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "unary_buffer", ID::Y, cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			}
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			{
 				SigBit neutral_bit = cell->type == ID($reduce_and) ? State::S1 : State::S0;
 
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				RTLIL::SigSpec new_sig_a;
 
 				for (auto bit : sig_a)
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine.neutral_A", "$logic_not", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_and", "$reduce_bool", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing port A of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with shorter expression: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_a), log_signal(new_sig_a));
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), new_sig_a);
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, new_sig_a);
 					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = GetSize(new_sig_a);
 					did_something = true;
 				}
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			{
 				SigBit neutral_bit = State::S0;
 
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 				RTLIL::SigSpec new_sig_b;
 
 				for (auto bit : sig_b)
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine.neutral_B", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing port B of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with shorter expression: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_b), log_signal(new_sig_b));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), new_sig_b);
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, new_sig_b);
 					cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)) = GetSize(new_sig_b);
 					did_something = true;
 				}
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($reduce_and))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 
 				RTLIL::State new_a = RTLIL::State::S1;
 				for (auto &bit : sig_a.to_sigbit_vector())
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover("opt.opt_expr.fine.$reduce_and");
 					log_debug("Replacing port A of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant driver: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_a), log_signal(new_a));
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a = new_a);
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a = new_a);
 					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = 1;
 					did_something = true;
 				}
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_not), ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 
 				RTLIL::State new_a = RTLIL::State::S0;
 				for (auto &bit : sig_a.to_sigbit_vector())
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine.A", "$logic_not", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_bool", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing port A of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant driver: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_a), log_signal(new_a));
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a = new_a);
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a = new_a);
 					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = 1;
 					did_something = true;
 				}
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 				RTLIL::State new_b = RTLIL::State::S0;
 				for (auto &bit : sig_b.to_sigbit_vector())
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine.B", "$logic_and", "$logic_or", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing port B of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant driver: %s -> %s\n",
 							cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), log_signal(sig_b), log_signal(new_b));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b = new_b);
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b = new_b);
 					cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)) = 1;
 					did_something = true;
 				}
@@ -643,9 +643,9 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 				bool sub = cell->type == ID($sub);
 
 				int i;
@@ -659,9 +659,9 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				}
 				if (i > 0) {
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.fine", "$add", "$sub", cell->type.str());
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y.extract_end(i));
 					cell->fixup_parameters();
 					did_something = true;
 				}
@@ -669,12 +669,12 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type == "$alu")
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 				RTLIL::SigBit sig_ci = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(CI)));
 				RTLIL::SigBit sig_bi = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(BI)));
 				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_x = cell->getPort(ID(X));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_co = cell->getPort(ID(CO));
 
 				if (sig_ci.wire || sig_bi.wire)
@@ -704,10 +704,10 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				}
 				if (i > 0) {
 					cover("opt.opt_expr.fine.$alu");
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b.extract_end(i));
 					cell->setPort(ID(X), sig_x.extract_end(i));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y.extract_end(i));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y.extract_end(i));
 					cell->setPort(ID(CO), sig_co.extract_end(i));
 					cell->fixup_parameters();
 					did_something = true;
@@ -718,8 +718,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($shift), ID($shiftx), ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr),
 					ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt), ID($neg), ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow)))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->hasPort(ID(B)) ? assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))) : RTLIL::SigSpec();
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->hasPort(ID::B) ? assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B)) : RTLIL::SigSpec();
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)))
 				sig_a = RTLIL::SigSpec();
@@ -737,33 +737,33 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.xbit", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx",
 						"$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt", "$neg", "$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod", "$pow", cell->type.str());
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt)))
-					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID(Y), RTLIL::State::Sx);
+					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID::Y, RTLIL::State::Sx);
 				else
-					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx, cell->getPort(ID(Y)).size()));
+					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx, cell->getPort(ID::Y).size()));
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) && cell->getPort(ID(Y)).size() == 1 &&
-				invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)))) != 0) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) && cell->getPort(ID::Y).size() == 1 &&
+				invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A))) != 0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.invert.double", "$_NOT_", "$not", "$logic_not", cell->type.str());
-			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "double_invert", ID(Y), invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)))));
+			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "double_invert", ID::Y, invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A))));
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_MUX_), ID($mux)) && invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)))) != 0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.invert.muxsel", "$_MUX_", "$mux", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Optimizing away select inverter for %s cell `%s' in module `%s'.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), tmp);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, tmp);
 			cell->setPort(ID(S), invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)))));
 			did_something = true;
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($_NOT_)) {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec input = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec input = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.match("1")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			if (input.match("0")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
@@ -772,8 +772,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($_AND_)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input;
-			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
@@ -785,14 +785,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				if (input.match(" *")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 				if (input.match("* ")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			}
-			if (input.match(" 1")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
-			if (input.match("1 ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(0, 1));
+			if (input.match(" 1")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(1, 1));
+			if (input.match("1 ")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(0, 1));
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($_OR_)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input;
-			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.match(" 1")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
 			if (input.match("1 ")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
@@ -804,14 +804,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				if (input.match(" *")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
 				if (input.match("* ")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
 			}
-			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
-			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(0, 1));
+			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(1, 1));
+			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(0, 1));
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($_XOR_)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input;
-			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.match("00")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			if (input.match("01")) ACTION_DO_Y(1);
@@ -819,26 +819,26 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			if (input.match("11")) ACTION_DO_Y(0);
 			if (input.match(" *")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
 			if (input.match("* ")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
-			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
-			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(0, 1));
+			if (input.match(" 0")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(1, 1));
+			if (input.match("0 ")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(0, 1));
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input;
 			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
-			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			input.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			input.append(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			if (input.extract(2, 1) == input.extract(1, 1))
-				ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(2, 1));
-			if (input.match("  0")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(2, 1));
-			if (input.match("  1")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
-			if (input.match("01 ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(0, 1));
+				ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(2, 1));
+			if (input.match("  0")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(2, 1));
+			if (input.match("  1")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(1, 1));
+			if (input.match("01 ")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(0, 1));
 			if (input.match("10 ")) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.mux_to_inv");
 				cell->type = ID($_NOT_);
-				cell->setPort(ID(A), input.extract(0, 1));
-				cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, input.extract(0, 1));
+				cell->unsetPort(ID::B);
 				cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
@@ -848,24 +848,24 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			if (input.match("01*")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
 			if (input.match("10*")) ACTION_DO_Y(x);
 			if (mux_undef) {
-				if (input.match("*  ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(1, 1));
-				if (input.match(" * ")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(2, 1));
-				if (input.match("  *")) ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.extract(2, 1));
+				if (input.match("*  ")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(1, 1));
+				if (input.match(" * ")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(2, 1));
+				if (input.match("  *")) ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.extract(2, 1));
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf))) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input = cell->getPort(cell->type == ID($_TBUF_) ? ID(E) : ID(EN));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 			assign_map.apply(input);
 			assign_map.apply(a);
 			if (input == State::S1)
-				ACTION_DO(ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				ACTION_DO(ID::Y, cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			if (input == State::S0 && !a.is_fully_undef()) {
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.action_" S__LINE__);
 				log_debug("Replacing data input of %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant undef.\n",
 					cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str());
-				cell->setPort(ID(A), SigSpec(State::Sx, GetSize(a)));
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, SigSpec(State::Sx, GetSize(a)));
 				did_something = true;
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
@@ -873,8 +873,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex)))
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 
 			if (cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)].as_int() != cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)].as_int()) {
 				int width = max(cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)].as_int(), cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)].as_int());
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.isneq", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", cell->type.str());
 					RTLIL::SigSpec new_y = RTLIL::SigSpec(cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx)) ?  RTLIL::State::S0 : RTLIL::State::S1);
 					new_y.extend_u0(cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int(), false);
-					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "isneq", ID(Y), new_y);
+					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "isneq", ID::Y, new_y);
 					goto next_cell;
 				}
 				if (a[i] == b[i])
@@ -903,14 +903,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.empty", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", cell->type.str());
 				RTLIL::SigSpec new_y = RTLIL::SigSpec(cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx)) ?  RTLIL::State::S1 : RTLIL::State::S0);
 				new_y.extend_u0(cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int(), false);
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "empty", ID(Y), new_y);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "empty", ID::Y, new_y);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 
 			if (new_a.size() < a.size() || new_b.size() < b.size()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.resize", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", cell->type.str());
-				cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
-				cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, new_a);
+				cell->setPort(ID::B, new_b);
 				cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = new_a.size();
 				cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = new_b.size();
 			}
@@ -919,27 +919,27 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne)) && cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int() == 1 &&
 				cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)].as_int() == 1 && cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)].as_int() == 1)
 		{
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 			if (a.is_fully_const() && !b.is_fully_const()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.swapconst", "$eq", "$ne", cell->type.str());
-				cell->setPort(ID(A), b);
-				cell->setPort(ID(B), a);
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, b);
+				cell->setPort(ID::B, a);
 				std::swap(a, b);
 			}
 
 			if (b.is_fully_const()) {
 				if (b.as_bool() == (cell->type == ID($eq))) {
 					RTLIL::SigSpec input = b;
-					ACTION_DO(ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+					ACTION_DO(ID::Y, cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				} else {
 					cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.isnot", "$eq", "$ne", cell->type.str());
 					log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with inverter.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
 					cell->type = ID($not);
 					cell->parameters.erase(ID(B_WIDTH));
 					cell->parameters.erase(ID(B_SIGNED));
-					cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID::B);
 					did_something = true;
 				}
 				goto next_cell;
@@ -947,33 +947,33 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		}
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($ne)) &&
-				(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))).is_fully_zero() || assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).is_fully_zero()))
+				(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A)).is_fully_zero() || assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B)).is_fully_zero()))
 		{
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.eqneq.cmpzero", "$eq", "$ne", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with %s.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell),
 					log_id(module), "$eq" ? "$logic_not" : "$reduce_bool");
 			cell->type = cell->type == ID($eq) ? ID($logic_not) : ID($reduce_bool);
-			if (assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))).is_fully_zero()) {
-				cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			if (assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A)).is_fully_zero()) {
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, cell->getPort(ID::B));
 				cell->setParam(ID(A_SIGNED), cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)));
 				cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), cell->getParam(ID(B_WIDTH)));
 			}
-			cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID::B);
 			cell->unsetParam(ID(B_SIGNED));
 			cell->unsetParam(ID(B_WIDTH));
 			did_something = true;
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)) && assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).is_fully_const())
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)) && assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B)).is_fully_const())
 		{
 			bool sign_ext = cell->type == ID($sshr) && cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
-			int shift_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).as_int(cell->type.in(ID($shift), ID($shiftx)) && cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool());
+			int shift_bits = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B)).as_int(cell->type.in(ID($shift), ID($shiftx)) && cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($sshl)))
 				shift_bits *= -1;
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y(cell->type == ID($shiftx) ? RTLIL::State::Sx : RTLIL::State::S0, cell->getParam(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int());
 
 			if (GetSize(sig_a) < GetSize(sig_y))
@@ -990,9 +990,9 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.constshift", "$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx", cell->type.str());
 
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' (B=%s, SHR=%d) in module `%s' with fixed wiring: %s\n",
-					log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_signal(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)))), shift_bits, log_id(module), log_signal(sig_y));
+					log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_signal(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B))), shift_bits, log_id(module), log_signal(sig_y));
 
-			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), sig_y);
+			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID::Y), sig_y);
 			module->remove(cell);
 
 			did_something = true;
@@ -1007,8 +1007,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub), ID($or), ID($xor)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 				if (cell->type != ID($sub) && a.is_fully_const() && a.as_bool() == false)
 					identity_wrt_b = true;
@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 				if (b.is_fully_const() && b.as_bool() == false)
 					identity_wrt_a = true;
@@ -1027,8 +1027,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($mul))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 				if (a.is_fully_const() && is_one_or_minus_one(a.as_const(), cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool(), arith_inverse))
 					identity_wrt_b = true;
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($div))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 				if (b.is_fully_const() && b.size() <= 32 && b.as_int() == 1)
 					identity_wrt_a = true;
@@ -1056,13 +1056,13 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), identity_wrt_a ? 'A' : 'B');
 
 				if (!identity_wrt_a) {
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, cell->getPort(ID::B));
 					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH));
 					cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)) = cell->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED));
 				}
 
 				cell->type = arith_inverse ? ID($neg) : ID($pos);
-				cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+				cell->unsetPort(ID::B);
 				cell->parameters.erase(ID(B_WIDTH));
 				cell->parameters.erase(ID(B_SIGNED));
 				cell->check();
@@ -1073,18 +1073,18 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		}
 
 		if (mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) &&
-				cell->getPort(ID(A)) == State::S0 && cell->getPort(ID(B)) == State::S1) {
+				cell->getPort(ID::A) == State::S0 && cell->getPort(ID::B) == State::S1) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_bool", "$mux", "$_MUX_", cell->type.str());
-			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_bool", ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_bool", ID::Y, cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
 		if (mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) &&
-				cell->getPort(ID(A)) == State::S1 && cell->getPort(ID(B)) == State::S0) {
+				cell->getPort(ID::A) == State::S1 && cell->getPort(ID::B) == State::S0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_invert", "$mux", "$_MUX_", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with inverter.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
-			cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			cell->unsetPort(ID::B);
 			cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
 				Const width = cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)];
@@ -1099,10 +1099,10 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (consume_x && mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) && cell->getPort(ID(A)) == State::S0) {
+		if (consume_x && mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) && cell->getPort(ID::A) == State::S0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_and", "$mux", "$_MUX_", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with and-gate.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 			cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
 				Const width = cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)];
@@ -1119,10 +1119,10 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			goto next_cell;
 		}
 
-		if (consume_x && mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) && cell->getPort(ID(B)) == State::S1) {
+		if (consume_x && mux_bool && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) && cell->getPort(ID::B) == State::S1) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_or", "$mux", "$_MUX_", cell->type.str());
 			log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' in module `%s' with or-gate.\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 			cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 			if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
 				Const width = cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)];
@@ -1141,22 +1141,22 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 		if (mux_undef && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux))) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec new_a, new_b, new_s;
-			int width = cell->getPort(ID(A)).size();
-			if ((cell->getPort(ID(A)).is_fully_undef() && cell->getPort(ID(B)).is_fully_undef()) ||
+			int width = cell->getPort(ID::A).size();
+			if ((cell->getPort(ID::A).is_fully_undef() && cell->getPort(ID::B).is_fully_undef()) ||
 					cell->getPort(ID(S)).is_fully_undef()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_undef", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_undef", ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_undef", ID::Y, cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 			for (int i = 0; i < cell->getPort(ID(S)).size(); i++) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec old_b = cell->getPort(ID(B)).extract(i*width, width);
+				RTLIL::SigSpec old_b = cell->getPort(ID::B).extract(i*width, width);
 				RTLIL::SigSpec old_s = cell->getPort(ID(S)).extract(i, 1);
 				if (old_b.is_fully_undef() || old_s.is_fully_undef())
 					continue;
 				new_b.append(old_b);
 				new_s.append(old_s);
 			}
-			new_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+			new_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 			if (new_a.is_fully_undef() && new_s.size() > 0) {
 				new_a = new_b.extract((new_s.size()-1)*width, width);
 				new_b = new_b.extract(0, (new_s.size()-1)*width);
@@ -1164,20 +1164,20 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 			if (new_s.size() == 0) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_empty", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_empty", ID(Y), new_a);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_empty", ID::Y, new_a);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 			if (new_a == RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::S0) && new_b == RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::S1)) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_sel01", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_sel01", ID(Y), new_s);
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "mux_sel01", ID::Y, new_s);
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 			if (cell->getPort(ID(S)).size() != new_s.size()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_reduce", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());
 				log_debug("Optimized away %d select inputs of %s cell `%s' in module `%s'.\n",
 						GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(S))) - GetSize(new_s), log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
-				cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
-				cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, new_a);
+				cell->setPort(ID::B, new_b);
 				cell->setPort(ID(S), new_s);
 				if (new_s.size() > 1) {
 					cell->type = ID($pmux);
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 #define FOLD_1ARG_CELL(_t) \
 		if (cell->type == "$" #_t) { \
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A)); \
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID::A); \
 			assign_map.apply(a); \
 			if (a.is_fully_const()) { \
 				RTLIL::Const dummy_arg(RTLIL::State::S0, 1); \
@@ -1200,14 +1200,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 						cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)].as_bool(), false, \
 						cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int())); \
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.const.$" #_t); \
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, stringf("%s", log_signal(a)), ID(Y), y); \
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, stringf("%s", log_signal(a)), ID::Y, y); \
 				goto next_cell; \
 			} \
 		}
 #define FOLD_2ARG_CELL(_t) \
 		if (cell->type == "$" #_t) { \
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID(A)); \
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID(B)); \
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a = cell->getPort(ID::A); \
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b = cell->getPort(ID::B); \
 			assign_map.apply(a), assign_map.apply(b); \
 			if (a.is_fully_const() && b.is_fully_const()) { \
 				RTLIL::SigSpec y(RTLIL::const_ ## _t(a.as_const(), b.as_const(), \
@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 						cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool(), \
 						cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)].as_int())); \
 				cover("opt.opt_expr.const.$" #_t); \
-				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, stringf("%s, %s", log_signal(a), log_signal(b)), ID(Y), y); \
+				replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, stringf("%s, %s", log_signal(a), log_signal(b)), ID::Y, y); \
 				goto next_cell; \
 			} \
 		}
@@ -1263,12 +1263,12 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		// be very conservative with optimizing $mux cells as we do not want to break mux trees
 		if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec input = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec inA = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec inB = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec inA = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec inB = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 			if (input.is_fully_const())
-				ACTION_DO(ID(Y), input.as_bool() ? cell->getPort(ID(B)) : cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				ACTION_DO(ID::Y, input.as_bool() ? cell->getPort(ID::B) : cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			else if (inA == inB)
-				ACTION_DO(ID(Y), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				ACTION_DO(ID::Y, cell->getPort(ID::A));
 		}
 
 		if (!keepdc && cell->type == ID($mul))
@@ -1277,9 +1277,9 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			bool b_signed = cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
 			bool swapped_ab = false;
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 			if (sig_b.is_fully_const() && sig_b.size() <= 32)
 				std::swap(sig_a, sig_b), std::swap(a_signed, b_signed), swapped_ab = true;
@@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 								a_val, cell->name.c_str(), module->name.c_str(), i);
 
 						if (!swapped_ab) {
-							cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+							cell->setPort(ID::A, cell->getPort(ID::B));
 							cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH));
 							cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)) = cell->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED));
 						}
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 						cell->type = ID($shl);
 						cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(new_b);
 						cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = false;
-						cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+						cell->setPort(ID::B, new_b);
 						cell->check();
 
 						did_something = true;
@@ -1339,8 +1339,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		if (!keepdc && cell->type.in(ID($div), ID($mod)))
 		{
 			bool b_signed = cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)].as_bool();
-			SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			SigSpec sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			SigSpec sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 			if (sig_b.is_fully_def() && sig_b.size() <= 32)
 			{
@@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 							cell->type = ID($shr);
 							cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(new_b);
 							cell->parameters[ID(B_SIGNED)] = false;
-							cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+							cell->setPort(ID::B, new_b);
 							cell->check();
 						}
 						else
@@ -1395,7 +1395,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 							cell->type = ID($and);
 							cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = GetSize(new_b);
-							cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+							cell->setPort(ID::B, new_b);
 							cell->check();
 						}
 
@@ -1421,8 +1421,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 			int width = is_signed ? std::min(a_width, b_width) : std::max(a_width, b_width);
 
-			SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 
 			int redundant_bits = 0;
 
@@ -1452,7 +1452,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 			if (contradiction_cache.find(State::S0) == contradiction_cache.find(State::S1))
 			{
-				SigSpec y_sig = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				SigSpec y_sig = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 				Const y_value(cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx)) ? 0 : 1, GetSize(y_sig));
 
 				log_debug("Replacing cell `%s' in module `%s' with constant driver %s.\n",
@@ -1470,8 +1470,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				log_debug("Removed %d redundant input bits from %s cell `%s' in module `%s'.\n",
 						redundant_bits, log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), log_id(module));
 
-				cell->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-				cell->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+				cell->setPort(ID::B, sig_b);
 				cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), GetSize(sig_a));
 				cell->setParam(ID(B_WIDTH), GetSize(sig_b));
 
@@ -1484,8 +1484,8 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		if (do_fine && cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($ge), ID($gt), ID($le)))
 		{
 			IdString cmp_type = cell->type;
-			SigSpec var_sig = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			SigSpec const_sig = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			SigSpec var_sig = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			SigSpec const_sig = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 			int var_width = cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)].as_int();
 			int const_width = cell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)].as_int();
 			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
@@ -1507,7 +1507,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			if (const_sig.is_fully_def() && const_sig.is_fully_const())
 			{
 				std::string condition, replacement;
-				SigSpec replace_sig(State::S0, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
+				SigSpec replace_sig(State::S0, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)));
 				bool replace = false;
 				bool remove = false;
 
@@ -1550,14 +1550,14 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 						{
 							condition   = stringf("unsigned X<%s", log_signal(const_sig));
 							replacement = stringf("!X[%d:%d]", var_width - 1, const_bit_hot);
-							module->addLogicNot(NEW_ID, var_high_sig, cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+							module->addLogicNot(NEW_ID, var_high_sig, cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 							remove = true;
 						}
 						if (cmp_type == ID($ge))
 						{
 							condition   = stringf("unsigned X>=%s", log_signal(const_sig));
 							replacement = stringf("|X[%d:%d]", var_width - 1, const_bit_hot);
-							module->addReduceOr(NEW_ID, var_high_sig, cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+							module->addReduceOr(NEW_ID, var_high_sig, cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 							remove = true;
 						}
 					}
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					{
 						condition   = "signed X>=0";
 						replacement = stringf("X[%d]", var_width - 1);
-						module->addNot(NEW_ID, var_sig[var_width - 1], cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+						module->addNot(NEW_ID, var_sig[var_width - 1], cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 						remove = true;
 					}
 				}
@@ -1609,7 +1609,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 					log_debug("Replacing %s cell `%s' (implementing %s) with %s.\n",
 							log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell), condition.c_str(), replacement.c_str());
 					if (replace)
-						module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), replace_sig);
+						module->connect(cell->getPort(ID::Y), replace_sig);
 					module->remove(cell);
 					did_something = true;
 					goto next_cell;
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc b/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
index e9d72044b..733bc547c 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 
 	bool evaluate_lut(RTLIL::Cell *lut, dict<SigBit, bool> inputs)
 	{
-		SigSpec lut_input = sigmap(lut->getPort(ID(A)));
+		SigSpec lut_input = sigmap(lut->getPort(ID::A));
 		int lut_width = lut->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 		Const lut_table = lut->getParam(ID(LUT));
 		int lut_index = 0;
@@ -103,12 +103,12 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 			{
 				if (cell->has_keep_attr())
 					continue;
-				SigBit lut_output = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				SigBit lut_output = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 				if (lut_output.wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
 					continue;
 
 				int lut_width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
-				SigSpec lut_input = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+				SigSpec lut_input = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 				int lut_arity = 0;
 
 				log_debug("Found $lut\\WIDTH=%d cell %s.%s.\n", lut_width, log_id(module), log_id(cell));
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 			}
 
 			auto lut = worklist.pop();
-			SigSpec lut_input = sigmap(lut->getPort(ID(A)));
+			SigSpec lut_input = sigmap(lut->getPort(ID::A));
 			pool<int> &lut_dlogic_inputs = luts_dlogic_inputs[lut];
 
 			vector<SigBit> lut_inputs;
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 					log_debug("  Not eliminating cell (connected to dedicated logic).\n");
 				else
 				{
-					SigSpec lut_output = lut->getPort(ID(Y));
+					SigSpec lut_output = lut->getPort(ID::Y);
 					for (auto &port : index.query_ports(lut_output))
 					{
 						if (port.cell != lut && luts.count(port.cell))
@@ -303,13 +303,13 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 			}
 
 			auto lutA = worklist.pop();
-			SigSpec lutA_input = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID(A)));
-			SigSpec lutA_output = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID(Y))[0]);
+			SigSpec lutA_input = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID::A));
+			SigSpec lutA_output = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID::Y)[0]);
 			int lutA_width = lutA->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 			int lutA_arity = luts_arity[lutA];
 			pool<int> &lutA_dlogic_inputs = luts_dlogic_inputs[lutA];
 
-			auto lutA_output_ports = index.query_ports(lutA->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			auto lutA_output_ports = index.query_ports(lutA->getPort(ID::Y));
 			if (lutA_output_ports.size() != 2)
 				continue;
 
@@ -321,15 +321,15 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 				if (luts.count(port.cell))
 				{
 					auto lutB = port.cell;
-					SigSpec lutB_input = sigmap(lutB->getPort(ID(A)));
-					SigSpec lutB_output = sigmap(lutB->getPort(ID(Y))[0]);
+					SigSpec lutB_input = sigmap(lutB->getPort(ID::A));
+					SigSpec lutB_output = sigmap(lutB->getPort(ID::Y)[0]);
 					int lutB_width = lutB->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
 					int lutB_arity = luts_arity[lutB];
 					pool<int> &lutB_dlogic_inputs = luts_dlogic_inputs[lutB];
 
 					log_debug("Found %s.%s (cell A) feeding %s.%s (cell B).\n", log_id(module), log_id(lutA), log_id(module), log_id(lutB));
 
-					if (index.query_is_output(lutA->getPort(ID(Y))))
+					if (index.query_is_output(lutA->getPort(ID::Y)))
 					{
 						log_debug("  Not combining LUTs (cascade connection feeds module output).\n");
 						continue;
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 					}
 
 					int lutM_width = lutM->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
-					SigSpec lutM_input = sigmap(lutM->getPort(ID(A)));
+					SigSpec lutM_input = sigmap(lutM->getPort(ID::A));
 					std::vector<SigBit> lutM_new_inputs;
 					for (int i = 0; i < lutM_width; i++)
 					{
@@ -487,8 +487,8 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 					log_debug("  Merged truth table: %s.\n", lutM_new_table.as_string().c_str());
 
 					lutM->setParam(ID(LUT), lutM_new_table);
-					lutM->setPort(ID(A), lutM_new_inputs);
-					lutM->setPort(ID(Y), lutB_output);
+					lutM->setPort(ID::A, lutM_new_inputs);
+					lutM->setPort(ID::Y, lutB_output);
 
 					luts_arity[lutM] = lutM_arity;
 					luts.erase(lutR);
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_merge.cc b/passes/opt/opt_merge.cc
index aa1a5c75c..aaea6159e 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_merge.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_merge.cc
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 	static void sort_pmux_conn(dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::SigSpec> &conn)
 	{
 		SigSpec sig_s = conn.at(ID(S));
-		SigSpec sig_b = conn.at(ID(B));
+		SigSpec sig_b = conn.at(ID::B);
 
 		int s_width = GetSize(sig_s);
 		int width = GetSize(sig_b) / s_width;
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 		std::sort(sb_pairs.begin(), sb_pairs.end());
 
 		conn[ID(S)] = SigSpec();
-		conn[ID(B)] = SigSpec();
+		conn[ID::B] = SigSpec();
 
 		for (auto &it : sb_pairs) {
 			conn[ID(S)].append(it.first);
-			conn[ID(B)].append(it.second);
+			conn[ID::B].append(it.second);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -97,28 +97,28 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor), ID($add), ID($mul),
 				ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or), ID($_AND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_XOR_))) {
 			alt_conn = *conn;
-			if (assign_map(alt_conn.at(ID(A))) < assign_map(alt_conn.at(ID(B)))) {
-				alt_conn[ID(A)] = conn->at(ID(B));
-				alt_conn[ID(B)] = conn->at(ID(A));
+			if (assign_map(alt_conn.at(ID::A)) < assign_map(alt_conn.at(ID::B))) {
+				alt_conn[ID::A] = conn->at(ID::B);
+				alt_conn[ID::B] = conn->at(ID::A);
 			}
 			conn = &alt_conn;
 		} else
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor))) {
 			alt_conn = *conn;
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(A)));
-			alt_conn.at(ID(A)).sort();
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID::A));
+			alt_conn.at(ID::A).sort();
 			conn = &alt_conn;
 		} else
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_bool))) {
 			alt_conn = *conn;
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(A)));
-			alt_conn.at(ID(A)).sort_and_unify();
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID::A));
+			alt_conn.at(ID::A).sort_and_unify();
 			conn = &alt_conn;
 		} else
 		if (cell->type == ID($pmux)) {
 			alt_conn = *conn;
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(A)));
-			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(B)));
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID::A));
+			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID::B));
 			assign_map.apply(alt_conn.at(ID(S)));
 			sort_pmux_conn(alt_conn);
 			conn = &alt_conn;
@@ -191,24 +191,24 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 
 		if (cell1->type == ID($and) || cell1->type == ID($or) || cell1->type == ID($xor) || cell1->type == ID($xnor) || cell1->type == ID($add) || cell1->type == ID($mul) ||
 				cell1->type == ID($logic_and) || cell1->type == ID($logic_or) || cell1->type == ID($_AND_) || cell1->type == ID($_OR_) || cell1->type == ID($_XOR_)) {
-			if (conn1.at(ID(A)) < conn1.at(ID(B))) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = conn1[ID(A)];
-				conn1[ID(A)] = conn1[ID(B)];
-				conn1[ID(B)] = tmp;
+			if (conn1.at(ID::A) < conn1.at(ID::B)) {
+				RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = conn1[ID::A];
+				conn1[ID::A] = conn1[ID::B];
+				conn1[ID::B] = tmp;
 			}
-			if (conn2.at(ID(A)) < conn2.at(ID(B))) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = conn2[ID(A)];
-				conn2[ID(A)] = conn2[ID(B)];
-				conn2[ID(B)] = tmp;
+			if (conn2.at(ID::A) < conn2.at(ID::B)) {
+				RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = conn2[ID::A];
+				conn2[ID::A] = conn2[ID::B];
+				conn2[ID::B] = tmp;
 			}
 		} else
 		if (cell1->type == ID($reduce_xor) || cell1->type == ID($reduce_xnor)) {
-			conn1[ID(A)].sort();
-			conn2[ID(A)].sort();
+			conn1[ID::A].sort();
+			conn2[ID::A].sort();
 		} else
 		if (cell1->type == ID($reduce_and) || cell1->type == ID($reduce_or) || cell1->type == ID($reduce_bool)) {
-			conn1[ID(A)].sort_and_unify();
-			conn2[ID(A)].sort_and_unify();
+			conn1[ID::A].sort_and_unify();
+			conn2[ID::A].sort_and_unify();
 		} else
 		if (cell1->type == ID($pmux)) {
 			sort_pmux_conn(conn1);
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc b/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
index 61f194569..3d7e9cccb 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 		{
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)))
 			{
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(S));
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 				muxinfo_t muxinfo;
 				muxinfo.cell = cell;
@@ -227,10 +227,10 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = mi.cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = mi.cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = mi.cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = mi.cell->getPort(ID::B);
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = mi.cell->getPort(ID(S));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = mi.cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = mi.cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ports = sig_b;
 			sig_ports.append(sig_a);
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 					}
 				}
 
-				mi.cell->setPort(ID(A), new_sig_a);
-				mi.cell->setPort(ID(B), new_sig_b);
+				mi.cell->setPort(ID::A, new_sig_a);
+				mi.cell->setPort(ID::B, new_sig_b);
 				mi.cell->setPort(ID(S), new_sig_s);
 				if (GetSize(new_sig_s) == 1) {
 					mi.cell->type = ID($mux);
@@ -364,8 +364,8 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 
 		int width = 0;
 		idict<int> ctrl_bits;
-		if (portname == ID(B))
-			width = GetSize(muxinfo.cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+		if (portname == ID::B)
+			width = GetSize(muxinfo.cell->getPort(ID::A));
 		for (int bit : sig2bits(muxinfo.cell->getPort(ID(S)), false))
 			ctrl_bits(bit);
 
@@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 
 		// set input ports to constants if we find known active or inactive signals
 		if (do_replace_known) {
-			replace_known(knowledge, muxinfo, ID(A));
-			replace_known(knowledge, muxinfo, ID(B));
+			replace_known(knowledge, muxinfo, ID::A);
+			replace_known(knowledge, muxinfo, ID::B);
 		}
 
 		// if there is a constant activated port we just use it
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc b/passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc
index 332e0443e..6a8d8cabd 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_reduce.cc
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			return;
 		cells.erase(cell);
 
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 		pool<RTLIL::SigBit> new_sig_a_bits;
 
 		for (auto &bit : sig_a.to_sigbit_set())
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			for (auto child_cell : drivers.find(bit)) {
 				if (child_cell->type == cell->type) {
 					opt_reduce(cells, drivers, child_cell);
-					if (child_cell->getPort(ID(Y))[0] == bit) {
-						pool<RTLIL::SigBit> child_sig_a_bits = assign_map(child_cell->getPort(ID(A))).to_sigbit_pool();
+					if (child_cell->getPort(ID::Y)[0] == bit) {
+						pool<RTLIL::SigBit> child_sig_a_bits = assign_map(child_cell->getPort(ID::A)).to_sigbit_pool();
 						new_sig_a_bits.insert(child_sig_a_bits.begin(), child_sig_a_bits.end());
 					} else
 						new_sig_a_bits.insert(RTLIL::State::S0);
@@ -87,21 +87,21 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec new_sig_a(new_sig_a_bits);
 
-		if (new_sig_a != sig_a || sig_a.size() != cell->getPort(ID(A)).size()) {
+		if (new_sig_a != sig_a || sig_a.size() != cell->getPort(ID::A).size()) {
 			log("    New input vector for %s cell %s: %s\n", cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str(), log_signal(new_sig_a));
 			did_something = true;
 			total_count++;
 		}
 
-		cell->setPort(ID(A), new_sig_a);
+		cell->setPort(ID::A, new_sig_a);
 		cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_a.size());
 		return;
 	}
 
 	void opt_mux(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec new_sig_b, new_sig_s;
@@ -124,14 +124,14 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			if (this_s.size() > 1)
 			{
 				RTLIL::Cell *reduce_or_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($reduce_or));
-				reduce_or_cell->setPort(ID(A), this_s);
+				reduce_or_cell->setPort(ID::A, this_s);
 				reduce_or_cell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = RTLIL::Const(0);
 				reduce_or_cell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(this_s.size());
 				reduce_or_cell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 
 				RTLIL::Wire *reduce_or_wire = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 				this_s = RTLIL::SigSpec(reduce_or_wire);
-				reduce_or_cell->setPort(ID(Y), this_s);
+				reduce_or_cell->setPort(ID::Y, this_s);
 			}
 
 			new_sig_b.append(this_b);
@@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 
 		if (new_sig_s.size() == 0)
 		{
-			module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), cell->getPort(ID(A))));
-			assign_map.add(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(cell->getPort(ID::Y), cell->getPort(ID::A)));
+			assign_map.add(cell->getPort(ID::Y), cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			module->remove(cell);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), new_sig_b);
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, new_sig_b);
 			cell->setPort(ID(S), new_sig_s);
 			if (new_sig_s.size() > 1) {
 				cell->parameters[ID(S_WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_s.size());
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 
 	void opt_mux_bits(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	{
-		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))).to_sigbit_vector();
-		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))).to_sigbit_vector();
-		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))).to_sigbit_vector();
+		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A)).to_sigbit_vector();
+		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_b = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B)).to_sigbit_vector();
+		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_y = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y)).to_sigbit_vector();
 
 		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> new_sig_y;
 		RTLIL::SigSig old_sig_conn;
@@ -209,29 +209,29 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 		if (new_sig_y.size() != sig_y.size())
 		{
 			log("    Consolidated identical input bits for %s cell %s:\n", cell->type.c_str(), cell->name.c_str());
-			log("      Old ports: A=%s, B=%s, Y=%s\n", log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(A))),
-					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(B))), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
+			log("      Old ports: A=%s, B=%s, Y=%s\n", log_signal(cell->getPort(ID::A)),
+					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID::B)), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID::Y)));
 
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec());
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec());
 			for (auto &in_tuple : consolidated_in_tuples) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 				new_a.append(in_tuple.at(0));
-				cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, new_a);
 			}
 
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec());
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, RTLIL::SigSpec());
 			for (int i = 1; i <= cell->getPort(ID(S)).size(); i++)
 				for (auto &in_tuple : consolidated_in_tuples) {
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 					new_b.append(in_tuple.at(i));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, new_b);
 				}
 
 			cell->parameters[ID(WIDTH)] = RTLIL::Const(new_sig_y.size());
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), new_sig_y);
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, new_sig_y);
 
-			log("      New ports: A=%s, B=%s, Y=%s\n", log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(A))),
-					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(B))), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
+			log("      New ports: A=%s, B=%s, Y=%s\n", log_signal(cell->getPort(ID::A)),
+					log_signal(cell->getPort(ID::B)), log_signal(cell->getPort(ID::Y)));
 			log("      New connections: %s = %s\n", log_signal(old_sig_conn.first), log_signal(old_sig_conn.second));
 
 			module->connect(old_sig_conn);
@@ -269,12 +269,12 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			keep_expanding_mem_wren_sigs = false;
 			for (auto &cell_it : module->cells_) {
 				RTLIL::Cell *cell = cell_it.second;
-				if (cell->type == ID($mux) && mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))))) {
-					if (!mem_wren_sigs.check_all(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A)))) ||
-							!mem_wren_sigs.check_all(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B)))))
+				if (cell->type == ID($mux) && mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y)))) {
+					if (!mem_wren_sigs.check_all(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A))) ||
+							!mem_wren_sigs.check_all(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B))))
 						keep_expanding_mem_wren_sigs = true;
-					mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(A))));
-					mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(B))));
+					mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A)));
+					mem_wren_sigs.add(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::B)));
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = cell_it.second;
 					if (cell->type != type || !design->selected(module, cell))
 						continue;
-					drivers.insert(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))), cell);
+					drivers.insert(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y)), cell);
 					cells.insert(cell);
 				}
 
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ struct OptReduceWorker
 			{
 				// this optimization is to aggressive for most coarse-grain applications.
 				// but we always want it for multiplexers driving write enable ports.
-				if (do_fine || mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))))
+				if (do_fine || mem_wren_sigs.check_any(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y))))
 					opt_mux_bits(cell);
 
 				opt_mux(cell);
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc b/passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc
index 4ba61e512..0bf74098a 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_rmdff.cc
@@ -347,8 +347,8 @@ bool handle_dff(RTLIL::Module *mod, RTLIL::Cell *dff)
 		std::set<RTLIL::Cell*> muxes;
 		mux_drivers.find(sig_d, muxes);
 		for (auto mux : muxes) {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(mux->getPort(ID(A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(mux->getPort(ID(B)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(mux->getPort(ID::A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = assign_map(mux->getPort(ID::B));
 			if (sig_a == sig_q && sig_b.is_fully_const() && (!has_init || val_init == sig_b.as_const())) {
 				mod->connect(sig_q, sig_b);
 				goto delete_dff;
@@ -625,8 +625,8 @@ struct OptRmdffPass : public Pass {
 				}
 
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux))) {
-					if (cell->getPort(ID(A)).size() == cell->getPort(ID(B)).size())
-						mux_drivers.insert(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y))), cell);
+					if (cell->getPort(ID::A).size() == cell->getPort(ID::B).size())
+						mux_drivers.insert(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y)), cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 
diff --git a/passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc b/passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc
index 3e34bfbbd..92b5794ac 100644
--- a/passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/pmux2shiftx.cc
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ struct OnehotDatabase
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)))
 			{
-				output = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
-				inputs.push_back(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				SigSpec B = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+				output = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
+				inputs.push_back(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				SigSpec B = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(B); i += GetSize(output))
 					inputs.push_back(B.extract(i, GetSize(output)));
 			}
@@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 				{
 					dict<SigBit, State> bits;
 
-					SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-					SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+					SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+					SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 					int a_width = cell->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
 					int b_width = cell->getParam(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 						entry.second.bits.push_back(it.second);
 					}
 
-					eqdb[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y))[0])] = entry;
+					eqdb[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y)[0])] = entry;
 					goto next_cell;
 				}
 
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 				{
 					dict<SigBit, State> bits;
 
-					SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+					SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 
 					for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(A); i++)
 						bits[A[i]] = State::S0;
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 						entry.second.bits.push_back(it.second);
 					}
 
-					eqdb[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y))[0])] = entry;
+					eqdb[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y)[0])] = entry;
 					goto next_cell;
 				}
 		next_cell:;
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 
 				dict<SigSpec, pool<int>> seldb;
 
-				SigSpec A = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-				SigSpec B = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+				SigSpec A = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+				SigSpec B = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 				SigSpec S = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(S); i++)
 				{
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 				}
 
 				SigSpec updated_S = cell->getPort(ID(S));
-				SigSpec updated_B = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+				SigSpec updated_B = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 
 				while (!seldb.empty())
 				{
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ struct Pmux2ShiftxPass : public Pass {
 
 				// update $pmux cell
 				cell->setPort(ID(S), updated_S);
-				cell->setPort(ID(B), updated_B);
+				cell->setPort(ID::B, updated_B);
 				cell->setParam(ID(S_WIDTH), GetSize(updated_S));
 			}
 		}
@@ -782,8 +782,8 @@ struct OnehotPass : public Pass {
 				if (cell->type != ID($eq))
 					continue;
 
-				SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 				int a_width = cell->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
 				int b_width = cell->getParam(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int();
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ struct OnehotPass : public Pass {
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				SigSpec Y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				SigSpec Y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 				if (not_onehot)
 				{
diff --git a/passes/opt/share.cc b/passes/opt/share.cc
index 84290bb97..92ce3fd11 100644
--- a/passes/opt/share.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/share.cc
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ struct ShareWorker
 	static int bits_macc(RTLIL::Cell *c)
 	{
 		Macc m(c);
-		int width = GetSize(c->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		int width = GetSize(c->getPort(ID::Y));
 		return bits_macc(m, width);
 	}
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ struct ShareWorker
 	{
 		Macc m1(c1), m2(c2), supermacc;
 
-		int w1 = GetSize(c1->getPort(ID(Y))), w2 = GetSize(c2->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		int w1 = GetSize(c1->getPort(ID::Y)), w2 = GetSize(c2->getPort(ID::Y));
 		int width = max(w1, w2);
 
 		m1.optimize(w1);
@@ -328,11 +328,11 @@ struct ShareWorker
 		{
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
 
-			supercell_aux->insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, sig_y, c1->getPort(ID(Y))));
-			supercell_aux->insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, sig_y, c2->getPort(ID(Y))));
+			supercell_aux->insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, sig_y, c1->getPort(ID::Y)));
+			supercell_aux->insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, sig_y, c2->getPort(ID::Y)));
 
 			supercell->setParam(ID(Y_WIDTH), width);
-			supercell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+			supercell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 
 			supermacc.optimize(width);
 			supermacc.to_cell(supercell);
@@ -513,11 +513,11 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			if (c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() != c2->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 			{
 				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
-				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(A)).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
+				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID::A).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
 					unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int() + 1;
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(A));
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID::A);
 					new_a.append_bit(RTLIL::State::S0);
-					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
+					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID::A, new_a);
 				}
 				unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)) = true;
 				unsigned_cell->check();
@@ -526,11 +526,11 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			bool a_signed = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 			log_assert(a_signed == c2->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a1 = c1->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y1 = c1->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a1 = c1->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y1 = c1->getPort(ID::Y);
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a2 = c2->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y2 = c2->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a2 = c2->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y2 = c2->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 			int a_width = max(a1.size(), a2.size());
 			int y_width = max(y1.size(), y2.size());
@@ -547,8 +547,8 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			supercell->parameters[ID(A_SIGNED)] = a_signed;
 			supercell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = a_width;
 			supercell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = y_width;
-			supercell->setPort(ID(A), a);
-			supercell->setPort(ID(Y), y);
+			supercell->setPort(ID::A, a);
+			supercell->setPort(ID::Y, y);
 
 			supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, y, y1));
 			supercell_aux.insert(module->addPos(NEW_ID, y, y2));
@@ -571,9 +571,9 @@ struct ShareWorker
 
 				if (score_flipped < score_unflipped)
 				{
-					RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = c2->getPort(ID(A));
-					c2->setPort(ID(A), c2->getPort(ID(B)));
-					c2->setPort(ID(B), tmp);
+					RTLIL::SigSpec tmp = c2->getPort(ID::A);
+					c2->setPort(ID::A, c2->getPort(ID::B));
+					c2->setPort(ID::B, tmp);
 
 					std::swap(c2->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)), c2->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)));
 					std::swap(c2->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)), c2->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)));
@@ -585,11 +585,11 @@ struct ShareWorker
 
 			{
 				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
-				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(A)).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
+				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID::A).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
 					unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)) = unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int() + 1;
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(A));
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_a = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID::A);
 					new_a.append_bit(RTLIL::State::S0);
-					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID(A), new_a);
+					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID::A, new_a);
 				}
 				unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)) = true;
 				modified_src_cells = true;
@@ -598,11 +598,11 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			if (c1->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool() != c2->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool())
 			{
 				RTLIL::Cell *unsigned_cell = c1->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool() ? c2 : c1;
-				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(B)).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
+				if (unsigned_cell->getPort(ID::B).to_sigbit_vector().back() != RTLIL::State::S0) {
 					unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)) = unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(B_WIDTH)).as_int() + 1;
-					RTLIL::SigSpec new_b = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID(B));
+					RTLIL::SigSpec new_b = unsigned_cell->getPort(ID::B);
 					new_b.append_bit(RTLIL::State::S0);
-					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID(B), new_b);
+					unsigned_cell->setPort(ID::B, new_b);
 				}
 				unsigned_cell->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)) = true;
 				modified_src_cells = true;
@@ -622,13 +622,13 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			if (c1->type == ID($shl) || c1->type == ID($shr) || c1->type == ID($sshl) || c1->type == ID($sshr))
 				b_signed = false;
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a1 = c1->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b1 = c1->getPort(ID(B));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y1 = c1->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a1 = c1->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b1 = c1->getPort(ID::B);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y1 = c1->getPort(ID::Y);
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec a2 = c2->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec b2 = c2->getPort(ID(B));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec y2 = c2->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec a2 = c2->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec b2 = c2->getPort(ID::B);
+			RTLIL::SigSpec y2 = c2->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 			int a_width = max(a1.size(), a2.size());
 			int b_width = max(b1.size(), b2.size());
@@ -669,9 +669,9 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			supercell->parameters[ID(A_WIDTH)] = a_width;
 			supercell->parameters[ID(B_WIDTH)] = b_width;
 			supercell->parameters[ID(Y_WIDTH)] = y_width;
-			supercell->setPort(ID(A), a);
-			supercell->setPort(ID(B), b);
-			supercell->setPort(ID(Y), y);
+			supercell->setPort(ID::A, a);
+			supercell->setPort(ID::B, b);
+			supercell->setPort(ID::Y, y);
 			if (c1->type == ID($alu)) {
 				RTLIL::Wire *ci = module->addWire(NEW_ID), *bi = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 				supercell_aux.insert(module->addMux(NEW_ID, c2->getPort(ID(CI)), c1->getPort(ID(CI)), act, ci));
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			}
 			for (auto &pbit : modwalker.signal_consumers[bit]) {
 				log_assert(fwd_ct.cell_known(pbit.cell->type));
-				if ((pbit.cell->type == ID($mux) || pbit.cell->type == ID($pmux)) && (pbit.port == ID(A) || pbit.port == ID(B)))
+				if ((pbit.cell->type == ID($mux) || pbit.cell->type == ID($pmux)) && (pbit.port == ID::A || pbit.port == ID::B))
 					driven_data_muxes.insert(pbit.cell);
 				else
 					driven_cells.insert(pbit.cell);
@@ -891,8 +891,8 @@ struct ShareWorker
 			std::set<int> used_in_b_parts;
 
 			int width = c->parameters.at(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
-			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_a = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort(ID(A)));
-			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_b = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort(ID(B)));
+			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_a = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort(ID::A));
+			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_b = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort(ID::B));
 			std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> sig_s = modwalker.sigmap(c->getPort(ID(S)));
 
 			for (auto &bit : sig_a)
diff --git a/passes/opt/wreduce.cc b/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
index ca0be54d2..792c69c55 100644
--- a/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 	{
 		// Reduce size of MUX if inputs agree on a value for a bit or a output bit is unused
 
-		SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-		SigSpec sig_b = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+		SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+		SigSpec sig_b = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 		SigSpec sig_s = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
-		SigSpec sig_y = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		SigSpec sig_y = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 		std::vector<SigBit> bits_removed;
 
 		if (sig_y.has_const())
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		for (auto bit : new_work_queue_bits)
 			work_queue_bits.insert(bit);
 
-		cell->setPort(ID(A), new_sig_a);
-		cell->setPort(ID(B), new_sig_b);
-		cell->setPort(ID(Y), new_sig_y);
+		cell->setPort(ID::A, new_sig_a);
+		cell->setPort(ID::B, new_sig_b);
+		cell->setPort(ID::Y, new_sig_y);
 		cell->fixup_parameters();
 
 		module->connect(sig_y.extract(n_kept, n_removed), sig_removed);
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($dff), ID($adff)))
 			return run_cell_dff(cell);
 
-		SigSpec sig = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		SigSpec sig = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 		if (sig.has_const())
 			return;
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 
 		// Reduce size of ports A and B based on constant input bits and size of output port
 
-		int max_port_a_size = cell->hasPort(ID(A)) ? GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) : -1;
-		int max_port_b_size = cell->hasPort(ID(B)) ? GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B))) : -1;
+		int max_port_a_size = cell->hasPort(ID::A) ? GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)) : -1;
+		int max_port_b_size = cell->hasPort(ID::B) ? GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::B)) : -1;
 
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($not), ID($pos), ID($neg), ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($add), ID($sub))) {
 			max_port_a_size = min(max_port_a_size, GetSize(sig));
@@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		if (max_port_b_size >= 0)
 			run_reduce_inport(cell, 'B', max_port_b_size, port_b_signed, did_something);
 
-		if (cell->hasPort(ID(A)) && cell->hasPort(ID(B)) && port_a_signed && port_b_signed) {
-			SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A))), sig_b = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID::A) && cell->hasPort(ID::B) && port_a_signed && port_b_signed) {
+			SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A)), sig_b = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 			if (GetSize(sig_a) > 0 && sig_a[GetSize(sig_a)-1] == State::S0 &&
 					GetSize(sig_b) > 0 && sig_b[GetSize(sig_b)-1] == State::S0) {
 				log("Converting cell %s.%s (%s) from signed to unsigned.\n",
@@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->hasPort(ID(A)) && !cell->hasPort(ID(B)) && port_a_signed) {
-			SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+		if (cell->hasPort(ID::A) && !cell->hasPort(ID::B) && port_a_signed) {
+			SigSpec sig_a = mi.sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			if (GetSize(sig_a) > 0 && sig_a[GetSize(sig_a)-1] == State::S0) {
 				log("Converting cell %s.%s (%s) from signed to unsigned.\n",
 						log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
@@ -347,8 +347,8 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool() || cell->type == ID($sub);
 
 			int a_size = 0, b_size = 0;
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(A))) a_size = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(B))) b_size = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID::A)) a_size = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID::B)) b_size = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 			int max_y_size = max(a_size, b_size);
 
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		if (bits_removed) {
 			log("Removed top %d bits (of %d) from port Y of cell %s.%s (%s).\n",
 					bits_removed, GetSize(sig) + bits_removed, log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type));
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig);
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig);
 			did_something = true;
 		}
 
@@ -530,10 +530,10 @@ struct WreducePass : public Pass {
 			{
 				if (c->type.in(ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool),
 						ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt),
-						ID($logic_not), ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)) && GetSize(c->getPort(ID(Y))) > 1) {
-					SigSpec sig = c->getPort(ID(Y));
+						ID($logic_not), ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)) && GetSize(c->getPort(ID::Y)) > 1) {
+					SigSpec sig = c->getPort(ID::Y);
 					if (!sig.has_const()) {
-						c->setPort(ID(Y), sig[0]);
+						c->setPort(ID::Y, sig[0]);
 						c->setParam(ID(Y_WIDTH), 1);
 						sig.remove(0);
 						module->connect(sig, Const(0, GetSize(sig)));
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ struct WreducePass : public Pass {
 
 				if (c->type.in(ID($div), ID($mod), ID($pow)))
 				{
-					SigSpec A = c->getPort(ID(A));
+					SigSpec A = c->getPort(ID::A);
 					int original_a_width = GetSize(A);
 					if (c->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool()) {
 						while (GetSize(A) > 1 && A[GetSize(A)-1] == State::S0 && A[GetSize(A)-2] == State::S0)
@@ -554,11 +554,11 @@ struct WreducePass : public Pass {
 					if (original_a_width != GetSize(A)) {
 						log("Removed top %d bits (of %d) from port A of cell %s.%s (%s).\n",
 								original_a_width-GetSize(A), original_a_width, log_id(module), log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
-						c->setPort(ID(A), A);
+						c->setPort(ID::A, A);
 						c->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), GetSize(A));
 					}
 
-					SigSpec B = c->getPort(ID(B));
+					SigSpec B = c->getPort(ID::B);
 					int original_b_width = GetSize(B);
 					if (c->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool()) {
 						while (GetSize(B) > 1 && B[GetSize(B)-1] == State::S0 && B[GetSize(B)-2] == State::S0)
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ struct WreducePass : public Pass {
 					if (original_b_width != GetSize(B)) {
 						log("Removed top %d bits (of %d) from port B of cell %s.%s (%s).\n",
 								original_b_width-GetSize(B), original_b_width, log_id(module), log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
-						c->setPort(ID(B), B);
+						c->setPort(ID::B, B);
 						c->setParam(ID(B_WIDTH), GetSize(B));
 					}
 				}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc.cc b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
index 20ebc73c8..205f05ab9 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_BUF_), ID($_NOT_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_y);
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = cell->getPort(ID(S));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -283,10 +283,10 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(C));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -305,11 +305,11 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 	{
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_c = cell->getPort(ID(C));
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort(ID(D));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_a);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_b);
@@ -1042,63 +1042,63 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 				cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
 				if (c->type.in(ID(ZERO), ID(ONE))) {
 					RTLIL::SigSig conn;
-					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]);
 					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(c->type == ID(ZERO) ? 0 : 1, 1);
 					module->connect(conn);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == ID(BUF)) {
 					RTLIL::SigSig conn;
-					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]);
-					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.first = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]);
+					conn.second = RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]);
 					module->connect(conn);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == ID(NOT)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_NOT_));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type.in(ID(AND), ID(OR), ID(XOR), ID(NAND), ID(NOR), ID(XNOR), ID(ANDNOT), ID(ORNOT))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::B).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type.in(ID(MUX), ID(NMUX))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::B).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(S)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == ID(MUX4)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX4_));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::B).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(S)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(T)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == ID(MUX8)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX8_));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::B).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(E), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(E)).as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1108,15 +1108,15 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					cell->setPort(ID(S), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(S)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(T)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(U), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(U)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type == ID(MUX16)) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), ID($_MUX16_));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::B).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(E), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(E)).as_wire()->name)]));
@@ -1135,28 +1135,28 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 					cell->setPort(ID(T), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(T)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(U), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(U)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(V), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(V)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type.in(ID(AOI3), ID(OAI3))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::B).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (c->type.in(ID(AOI4), ID(OAI4))) {
 					RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(remap_name(c->name), stringf("$_%s_", c->type.c_str()+1));
 					if (markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(B)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::B).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(C), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(C)).as_wire()->name)]));
 					cell->setPort(ID(D), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(D)).as_wire()->name)]));
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)]));
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)]));
 					design->select(module, cell);
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -1207,9 +1207,9 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (c->type == ID($lut) && GetSize(c->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(LUT)).as_int() == 2) {
-				SigSpec my_a = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name)];
-				SigSpec my_y = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name)];
+			if (c->type == ID($lut) && GetSize(c->getPort(ID::A)) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(LUT)).as_int() == 2) {
+				SigSpec my_a = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name)];
+				SigSpec my_y = module->wires_[remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name)];
 				module->connect(my_y, my_a);
 				continue;
 			}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index 752535f34..b3de7cdc5 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -582,13 +582,13 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = nullptr;
 			if (c->type == ID($_NOT_)) {
-				RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = c->getPort(ID(A));
-				RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = c->getPort(ID(Y));
+				RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = c->getPort(ID::A);
+				RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = c->getPort(ID::Y);
 				bit_users[a_bit].insert(c->name);
 				bit_drivers[y_bit].insert(c->name);
 
 				if (!a_bit.wire) {
-					c->setPort(ID(Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+					c->setPort(ID::Y, module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 					RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(remap_name(y_bit.wire->name));
 					log_assert(wire);
 					module->connect(RTLIL::SigBit(wire, y_bit.offset), State::S1);
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 								RTLIL::SigBit(module->wires_.at(remap_name(a_bit.wire->name)), a_bit.offset),
 								RTLIL::SigBit(module->wires_.at(remap_name(y_bit.wire->name)), y_bit.offset),
 								RTLIL::Const::from_string("01"));
-						bit2sinks[cell->getPort(ID(A))].push_back(cell);
+						bit2sinks[cell->getPort(ID::A)].push_back(cell);
 						cell_stats[ID($lut)]++;
 					}
 					else
@@ -632,9 +632,9 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *existing_cell = nullptr;
 			if (c->type == ID($lut)) {
-				if (GetSize(c->getPort(ID(A))) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(LUT)) == RTLIL::Const::from_string("01")) {
-					SigSpec my_a = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID(A)).as_wire()->name));
-					SigSpec my_y = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID(Y)).as_wire()->name));
+				if (GetSize(c->getPort(ID::A)) == 1 && c->getParam(ID(LUT)) == RTLIL::Const::from_string("01")) {
+					SigSpec my_a = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID::A).as_wire()->name));
+					SigSpec my_y = module->wires_.at(remap_name(c->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name));
 					module->connect(my_y, my_a);
 					if (markgroups) c->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 					log_abort();
@@ -751,8 +751,8 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 			if (it == not2drivers.end())
 				continue;
 			RTLIL::Cell *driver_lut = it->second;
-			RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID(A));
-			RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+			RTLIL::SigBit a_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID::A);
+			RTLIL::SigBit y_bit = not_cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 			RTLIL::Const driver_mask;
 
 			a_bit.wire = module->wires_.at(remap_name(a_bit.wire->name));
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 
 			// Push downstream LUTs past inverter
 			for (auto sink_cell : jt->second) {
-				SigSpec A = sink_cell->getPort(ID(A));
+				SigSpec A = sink_cell->getPort(ID::A);
 				RTLIL::Const mask = sink_cell->getParam(ID(LUT));
 				int index = 0;
 				for (; index < GetSize(A); index++)
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 					i += 1 << (index+1);
 				}
 				A[index] = y_bit;
-				sink_cell->setPort(ID(A), A);
+				sink_cell->setPort(ID::A, A);
 				sink_cell->setParam(ID(LUT), mask);
 			}
 
@@ -798,10 +798,10 @@ clone_lut:
 				else if (b == RTLIL::State::S1) b = RTLIL::State::S0;
 			}
 			auto cell = module->addLut(NEW_ID,
-					driver_lut->getPort(ID(A)),
+					driver_lut->getPort(ID::A),
 					y_bit,
 					driver_mask);
-			for (auto &bit : cell->connections_.at(ID(A))) {
+			for (auto &bit : cell->connections_.at(ID::A)) {
 				bit.wire = module->wires_.at(remap_name(bit.wire->name));
 				bit2sinks[bit].push_back(cell);
 			}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc b/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
index 58ed47ccf..5b168d524 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/alumacc.cc
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 		RTLIL::SigSpec get_sf() {
 			if (GetSize(cached_sf) == 0) {
-				cached_sf = alu_cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				cached_sf = alu_cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 				cached_sf = cached_sf[GetSize(cached_sf)-1];
 			}
 			return cached_sf;
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			Macc::port_t new_port;
 
 			n->cell = cell;
-			n->y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			n->y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 			n->users = 0;
 
 			for (auto bit : n->y)
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($pos), ID($neg)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == ID($neg);
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
@@ -150,12 +150,12 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($add), ID($sub)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = false;
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
 
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = cell->type == ID($sub);
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mul)))
 			{
-				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				new_port.in_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				new_port.in_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				new_port.in_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 				new_port.is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 				new_port.do_subtract = false;
 				n->macc.ports.push_back(new_port);
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 
 			n->macc.optimize(GetSize(n->y));
 			n->macc.to_cell(cell);
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), n->y);
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, n->y);
 			cell->fixup_parameters();
 			module->remove(n->cell);
 			delete n;
@@ -390,9 +390,9 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in(ID($le), ID($ge));
 			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 			if (B < A && GetSize(B)) {
 				cmp_less = !cmp_less;
@@ -430,9 +430,9 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			bool cmp_equal = cell->type.in(ID($eq), ID($eqx));
 			bool is_signed = cell->getParam(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec B = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec Y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 			if (B < A && GetSize(B))
 				std::swap(A, B);
@@ -482,11 +482,11 @@ struct AlumaccWorker
 			if (n->cells.size() > 0)
 				n->alu_cell->set_src_attribute(n->cells[0]->get_src_attribute());
 
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(A), n->a);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(B), n->b);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID::A, n->a);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID::B, n->b);
 			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(CI), GetSize(n->c) ? n->c : State::S0);
 			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(BI), n->invert_b ? State::S1 : State::S0);
-			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(Y), n->y);
+			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID::Y, n->y);
 			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(X), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
 			n->alu_cell->setPort(ID(CO), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(n->y)));
 			n->alu_cell->fixup_parameters(n->is_signed, n->is_signed);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/deminout.cc b/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
index 585732e6b..b976b401b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/deminout.cc
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ struct DeminoutPass : public Pass {
 						for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second))
 							bits_used.insert(bit);
 
-					if (conn.first == ID(Y) && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf)))
+					if (conn.first == ID::Y && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_), ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf)))
 					{
 						bool tribuf = cell->type.in(ID($_TBUF_), ID($tribuf));
 
 						if (!tribuf) {
 							for (auto &c : cell->connections()) {
-								if (!c.first.in(ID(A), ID(B)))
+								if (!c.first.in(ID::A, ID::B))
 									continue;
 								for (auto b : sigmap(c.second))
 									if (b == State::Sz)
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
index 24760420a..e766f2cf6 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($_MUX_))) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++)
 					bit2mux[sig_y[i]] = cell_int_t(cell, i);
 			}
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 			return ret;
 
 		cell_int_t mux_cell_int = bit2mux.at(d);
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(A)));
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(B)));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID::A));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID::B));
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_s = sigmap(mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(S)));
 		int width = GetSize(sig_a), index = mux_cell_int.second;
 
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				ret = find_muxtree_feedback_patterns(sig_b[i*width + index], q, path);
 
 				if (sig_b[i*width + index] == q) {
-					RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(B));
+					RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID::B);
 					s[i*width + index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-					mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(B), s);
+					mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID::B, s);
 				}
 
 				return ret;
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 				ret.insert(pat);
 
 			if (sig_b[i*width + index] == q) {
-				RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(B));
+				RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID::B);
 				s[i*width + index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-				mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(B), s);
+				mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID::B, s);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ struct Dff2dffeWorker
 			ret.insert(pat);
 
 		if (sig_a[index] == q) {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID(A));
+			RTLIL::SigSpec s = mux_cell_int.first->getPort(ID::A);
 			s[index] = RTLIL::Sx;
-			mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID(A), s);
+			mux_cell_int.first->setPort(ID::A, s);
 		}
 
 		return ret;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
index f74001b77..0ea033513 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffs.cc
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 				if (cell->type != ID($_MUX_))
 					continue;
 
-				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 				if (bit_a.wire == nullptr || bit_b.wire == nullptr)
-					sr_muxes[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))] = cell;
+					sr_muxes[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y))] = cell;
 			}
 
 			for (auto cell : ff_cells)
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ struct Dff2dffsPass : public Pass {
 					continue;
 
 				Cell *mux_cell = sr_muxes.at(bit_d);
-				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				SigBit bit_a = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				SigBit bit_b = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID::B));
 				SigBit bit_s = sigmap(mux_cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 
 				log("  Merging %s (A=%s, B=%s, S=%s) into %s (%s).\n", log_id(mux_cell),
diff --git a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
index c62224f9d..8a378068e 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 		if (design->selected(module, it.second) && cell_mappings.count(it.second->type) > 0)
 			cell_list.push_back(it.second);
 		if (it.second->type == ID($_NOT_))
-			notmap[sigmap(it.second->getPort(ID(A)))].insert(it.second);
+			notmap[sigmap(it.second->getPort(ID::A))].insert(it.second);
 	}
 
 	std::map<std::string, int> stats;
@@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 				sig = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig));
 				if (has_q && has_qn) {
 					for (auto &it : notmap[sigmap(old_sig)]) {
-						module->connect(it->getPort(ID(Y)), sig);
-						it->setPort(ID(Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig)));
+						module->connect(it->getPort(ID::Y), sig);
+						it->setPort(ID::Y, module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(old_sig)));
 					}
 				} else {
 					module->addNotGate(NEW_ID, sig, old_sig);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
index 2e50bb7b3..17a99493d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_counter.cc
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 	//To be a counter, one input of the ALU must be a constant 1
 	//TODO: can A or B be swapped in synthesized RTL or is B always the 1?
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec b_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec b_port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 	if(!b_port.is_fully_const() || (b_port.as_int() != 1) )
 		return 4;
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 	//Y must have exactly one connection, and it has to be a $mux cell.
 	//We must have a direct bus connection from our Y to their A.
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec aluy = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec aluy = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 	pool<Cell*> y_loads = get_other_cells(aluy, index, cell);
 	if(y_loads.size() != 1)
 		return 9;
@@ -166,11 +166,11 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	extract.count_mux = count_mux;
 	if(count_mux->type != ID($mux))
 		return 10;
-	if(!is_full_bus(aluy, index, cell, ID(Y), count_mux, ID(A)))
+	if(!is_full_bus(aluy, index, cell, ID::Y, count_mux, ID::A))
 		return 11;
 
 	//B connection of the mux is our underflow value
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec underflow = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(B)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec underflow = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID::B));
 	if(!underflow.is_fully_const())
 		return 12;
 	extract.count_value = underflow.as_int();
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	{
 		if(c->type != ID($logic_not))
 			continue;
-		if(!is_full_bus(muxsel, index, c, ID(Y), count_mux, ID(S), true))
+		if(!is_full_bus(muxsel, index, c, ID::Y, count_mux, ID(S), true))
 			continue;
 
 		underflow_inv = c;
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 	//Y connection of the mux must have exactly one load, the counter's internal register, if there's no clock enable
 	//If we have a clock enable, Y drives the B input of a mux. A of that mux must come from our register
-	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxy = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID(Y)));
+	const RTLIL::SigSpec muxy = sigmap(count_mux->getPort(ID::Y));
 	pool<Cell*> muxy_loads = get_other_cells(muxy, index, count_mux);
 	if(muxy_loads.size() != 1)
 		return 14;
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 		//This mux is probably a clock enable mux.
 		//Find our count register (should be our only load)
 		cemux = muxload;
-		cey = sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		cey = sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID::Y));
 		pool<Cell*> cey_loads = get_other_cells(cey, index, cemux);
 		if(cey_loads.size() != 1)
 			return 24;
@@ -217,11 +217,11 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 
 		//Mux should have A driven by count Q, and B by muxy
 		//TODO: if A and B are swapped, CE polarity is inverted
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(B))) != muxy)
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID::B)) != muxy)
 			return 24;
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(A))) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(Q))))
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID::A)) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(Q))))
 			return 24;
-		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID(Y))) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(D))))
+		if(sigmap(cemux->getPort(ID::Y)) != sigmap(count_reg->getPort(ID(D))))
 			return 24;
 
 		//Select of the mux is our clock enable
@@ -260,12 +260,12 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 	//Sanity check that we use the ALU output properly
 	if(extract.has_ce)
 	{
-		if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID(Y), cemux, ID(B)))
+		if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID::Y, cemux, ID::B))
 			return 16;
-		if(!is_full_bus(cey, index, cemux, ID(Y), count_reg, ID(D)))
+		if(!is_full_bus(cey, index, cemux, ID::Y, count_reg, ID(D)))
 			return 16;
 	}
-	else if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID(Y), count_reg, ID(D)))
+	else if(!is_full_bus(muxy, index, count_mux, ID::Y, count_reg, ID(D)))
 		return 16;
 
 	//TODO: Verify count_reg CLK_POLARITY is 1
@@ -312,9 +312,9 @@ int counter_tryextract(
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(Q), underflow_inv, ID(A), true))
+	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(Q), underflow_inv, ID::A, true))
 		return 18;
-	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(Q), cell, ID(A), true))
+	if(!is_full_bus(cnout, index, count_reg, ID(Q), cell, ID::A, true))
 		return 19;
 
 	//Look up the clock from the register
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ void counter_worker(
 
 	//A input is the count value. Check if it has COUNT_EXTRACT set.
 	//If it's not a wire, don't even try
-	auto port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+	auto port = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 	if(!port.is_wire())
 		return;
 	RTLIL::Wire* a_wire = port.as_wire();
@@ -434,13 +434,13 @@ void counter_worker(
 	string countname = string("$COUNTx$") + log_id(extract.rwire->name.str());
 
 	//Wipe all of the old connections to the ALU
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(A));
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID::A);
+	cell->unsetPort(ID::B);
 	cell->unsetPort(ID(BI));
 	cell->unsetPort(ID(CI));
 	cell->unsetPort(ID(CO));
 	cell->unsetPort(ID(X));
-	cell->unsetPort(ID(Y));
+	cell->unsetPort(ID::Y);
 	cell->unsetParam(ID(A_SIGNED));
 	cell->unsetParam(ID(A_WIDTH));
 	cell->unsetParam(ID(B_SIGNED));
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
index ff3de1272..29700c37b 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 					ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_), ID($_MUX_), ID($_NMUX_),
 					ID($_AOI3_), ID($_OAI3_), ID($_AOI4_), ID($_OAI4_)))
 			{
-				SigBit y = sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(Y))));
+				SigBit y = sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID::Y)));
 				log_assert(driver.count(y) == 0);
 				driver[y] = cell;
 			}
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 			pool<SigBit> new_leaves = leaves;
 
 			new_leaves.erase(bit);
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(A))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(A)))));
-			if (cell->hasPort(ID(B))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(B)))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID::A)) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID::A))));
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID::B)) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID::B))));
 			if (cell->hasPort(ID(C))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(C)))));
 			if (cell->hasPort(ID(D))) new_leaves.insert(sigmap(SigBit(cell->getPort(ID(D)))));
 
@@ -277,8 +277,8 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 	void assign_new_driver(SigBit bit, SigBit new_driver)
 	{
 		Cell *cell = driver.at(bit);
-		if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y))) == bit) {
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+		if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == bit) {
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 			module->connect(bit, new_driver);
 		}
 	}
@@ -395,15 +395,15 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 
 					log("      Created $fa cell %s.\n", log_id(cell));
 
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), f3i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), f3i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, f3i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, f3i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
 					cell->setPort(ID(C), f3i.inv_c ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, C) : C);
 
 					X = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 					Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 
 					cell->setPort(ID(X), X);
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), Y);
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, Y);
 
 					facache[fakey] = make_tuple(X, Y, cell);
 				}
@@ -501,15 +501,15 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 
 					log("      Created $fa cell %s.\n", log_id(cell));
 
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), f2i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
-					cell->setPort(ID(B), f2i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, f2i.inv_a ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, A) : A);
+					cell->setPort(ID::B, f2i.inv_b ? module->NotGate(NEW_ID, B) : B);
 					cell->setPort(ID(C), State::S0);
 
 					X = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 					Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 
 					cell->setPort(ID(X), X);
-					cell->setPort(ID(Y), Y);
+					cell->setPort(ID::Y, Y);
 				}
 
 				if (func2.at(key).count(xor2_func)) {
diff --git a/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc b/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
index 2ce111b4f..11cfddcd9 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/extract_reduce.cc
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 
 						head_cell = x;
 
-						auto y = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(Y)));
+						auto y = sigmap(x->getPort(ID::Y));
 						log_assert(y.size() == 1);
 
 						// Should only continue if there is one fanout back into a cell (not to a port)
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 				{
 					//BFS, following all chains until they hit a cell of a different type
 					//Pick the longest one
-					auto y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+					auto y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 					pool<Cell*> current_loads = sig_to_sink[y];
 					pool<Cell*> next_loads;
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 
 						cur_supercell.insert(x);
 
-						auto a = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(A)));
+						auto a = sigmap(x->getPort(ID::A));
 						log_assert(a.size() == 1);
 
 						// Must have only one sink unless we're going off chain
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 							}
 						}
 
-						auto b = sigmap(x->getPort(ID(B)));
+						auto b = sigmap(x->getPort(ID::B));
 						log_assert(b.size() == 1);
 
 						// Must have only one sink
@@ -279,16 +279,16 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 						pool<SigBit> input_pool_intermed;
 						for (auto x : cur_supercell)
 						{
-							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(A)))[0]);
-							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(B)))[0]);
-							input_pool_intermed.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID(Y)))[0]);
+							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID::A))[0]);
+							input_pool.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID::B))[0]);
+							input_pool_intermed.insert(sigmap(x->getPort(ID::Y))[0]);
 						}
 						SigSpec input;
 						for (auto b : input_pool)
 							if (input_pool_intermed.count(b) == 0)
 								input.append_bit(b);
 
-						SigBit output = sigmap(head_cell->getPort(ID(Y))[0]);
+						SigBit output = sigmap(head_cell->getPort(ID::Y)[0]);
 
 						auto new_reduce_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID,
 							gt == GateType::And ? ID($reduce_and) :
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ struct ExtractReducePass : public Pass
 						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(A_SIGNED), 0);
 						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), input.size());
 						new_reduce_cell->setParam(ID(Y_WIDTH), 1);
-						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID(A), input);
-						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID(Y), output);
+						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID::A, input);
+						new_reduce_cell->setPort(ID::Y, output);
 
 						if(allow_off_chain)
 							consumed_cells.insert(head_cell);
diff --git a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
index 726fcb905..898cb77a4 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 
 				for (auto cell : module->cells())
 					if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_)) {
-						SigBit bit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)).as_bit());
+						SigBit bit = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y).as_bit());
 						tbuf_bits[bit].first = cell->name;
 					}
 
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							continue;
 
 						SigBit en_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID(E)).as_bit();
-						SigBit data_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID(A)).as_bit();
+						SigBit data_sig = tbuf_cell->getPort(ID::A).as_bit();
 
 						if (wire->port_input && !tinoutpad_celltype.empty())
 						{
diff --git a/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc b/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
index 6877a75e2..c6618fc9d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/lut2mux.cc
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 int lut2mux(Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 	Const lut = cell->getParam(ID(LUT));
 	int count = 1;
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc b/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
index 616ff21f2..09f61927c 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/maccmap.cc
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($fa));
 			cell->setParam(ID(WIDTH), width);
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), in1);
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), in2);
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, in1);
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, in2);
 			cell->setPort(ID(C), in3);
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), w1);
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, w1);
 			cell->setPort(ID(X), w2);
 
 			out1 = {out_zeros_msb, w1, out_zeros_lsb};
@@ -238,11 +238,11 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 
 
 		RTLIL::Cell *c = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($alu));
-		c->setPort(ID(A), summands.front());
-		c->setPort(ID(B), summands.back());
+		c->setPort(ID::A, summands.front());
+		c->setPort(ID::B, summands.back());
 		c->setPort(ID(CI), State::S0);
 		c->setPort(ID(BI), State::S0);
-		c->setPort(ID(Y), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
+		c->setPort(ID::Y, module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
 		c->setPort(ID(X), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
 		c->setPort(ID(CO), module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
 		c->fixup_parameters();
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ struct MaccmapWorker
 		}
 		log_assert(tree_sum_bits.empty());
 
-		return c->getPort(ID(Y));
+		return c->getPort(ID::Y);
 	}
 };
 
@@ -264,17 +264,17 @@ extern void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap = false
 
 void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 {
-	int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+	int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 
 	Macc macc;
 	macc.from_cell(cell);
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec all_input_bits;
-	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
-	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+	all_input_bits.append(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 
 	if (all_input_bits.to_sigbit_set().count(RTLIL::Sx)) {
-		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::Sx, width));
+		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID::Y), RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::Sx, width));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -339,9 +339,9 @@ void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 		}
 
 		if (summands.front().second)
-			module->addNeg(NEW_ID, summands.front().first, cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			module->addNeg(NEW_ID, summands.front().first, cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 		else
-			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), summands.front().first);
+			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID::Y), summands.front().first);
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ void maccmap(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool unmap)
 		for (auto &bit : macc.bit_ports)
 			worker.add(bit, 0);
 
-		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), worker.synth());
+		module->connect(cell->getPort(ID::Y), worker.synth());
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc b/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
index 64d5b4f7b..5541b6122 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/muxcover.cc
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 				}
 			}
 			if (cell->type == ID($_MUX_))
-				sig_to_mux[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))] = cell;
+				sig_to_mux[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y))] = cell;
 		}
 
 		log("  Treeifying %d MUXes:\n", GetSize(sig_to_mux));
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 				if (sig_to_mux.count(bit) && (bit == rootsig || !roots.count(bit))) {
 					Cell *c = sig_to_mux.at(bit);
 					tree.muxes[bit] = c;
-					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID(A))));
-					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID(B))));
+					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID::A)));
+					wavefront.insert(sigmap(c->getPort(ID::B)));
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -517,31 +517,31 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 2) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[0]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, mux.inputs[1]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(S), mux.selects[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 4) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[1]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX4_));
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, mux.inputs[1]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(C), mux.inputs[2]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(D), mux.inputs[3]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(S), mux.selects[0]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(T), mux.selects[1]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 8) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[2]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX8_));
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, mux.inputs[1]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(C), mux.inputs[2]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(D), mux.inputs[3]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(E), mux.inputs[4]);
@@ -551,15 +551,15 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 			cell->setPort(ID(S), mux.selects[0]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(T), mux.selects[1]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(U), mux.selects[2]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (GetSize(mux.inputs) == 16) {
 			count_muxes_by_type[3]++;
 			Cell *cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX16_));
-			cell->setPort(ID(A), mux.inputs[0]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(B), mux.inputs[1]);
+			cell->setPort(ID::A, mux.inputs[0]);
+			cell->setPort(ID::B, mux.inputs[1]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(C), mux.inputs[2]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(D), mux.inputs[3]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(E), mux.inputs[4]);
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ struct MuxcoverWorker
 			cell->setPort(ID(T), mux.selects[1]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(U), mux.selects[2]);
 			cell->setPort(ID(V), mux.selects[3]);
-			cell->setPort(ID(Y), bit);
+			cell->setPort(ID::Y, bit);
 			return;
 		}
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc b/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
index 4a3428b3c..798d82248 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/nlutmap.cc
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ struct NlutmapWorker
 				if (cell->type != ID($lut) || mapped_cells.count(cell))
 					continue;
 
-				if (GetSize(cell->getPort(ID(A))) == lut_size || lut_size == 2)
+				if (GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)) == lut_size || lut_size == 2)
 					candidate_ratings[cell] = 0;
 
 				for (auto &conn : cell->connections())
diff --git a/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc b/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
index f77652f3b..31ab13cec 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/pmuxtree.cc
@@ -92,18 +92,18 @@ struct PmuxtreePass : public Pass {
 			if (cell->type != ID($pmux))
 				continue;
 
-			SigSpec sig_data = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+			SigSpec sig_data = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 			SigSpec sig_sel = cell->getPort(ID(S));
 
-			if (!cell->getPort(ID(A)).is_fully_undef()) {
-				sig_data.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+			if (!cell->getPort(ID::A).is_fully_undef()) {
+				sig_data.append(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				SigSpec sig_sel_or = module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, sig_sel);
 				sig_sel.append(module->Not(NEW_ID, sig_sel_or));
 			}
 
 			SigSpec result, result_or;
 			result = recursive_mux_generator(module, sig_data, sig_sel, result_or);
-			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), result);
+			module->connect(cell->getPort(ID::Y), result);
 			module->remove(cell);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
index 92637dfa8..cb877c2f4 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
@@ -107,16 +107,16 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx)) {
 				if (cell->getParam(ID(Y_WIDTH)) != 1) continue;
 				int j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A))))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A)))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, j++, 0);
 				log_assert(j == cell->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int());
 			}
 			else if (cell->type == ID($mux)) {
 				int j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(A))))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A)))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, 0, j++);
 				j = 0;
-				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(B))))
+				for (auto bit : sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B)))
 					sigbit_to_shiftx_offset[bit] = std::make_tuple(cell, 1, j++);
 			}
 		}
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		if (it == sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.end())
 			return;
 		if (cell) {
-			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && port == ID(A))
+			if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && port == ID::A)
 				return;
-			if (cell->type == ID($mux) && port.in(ID(A), ID(B)))
+			if (cell->type == ID($mux) && port.in(ID::A, ID::B))
 				return;
 		}
 		sigbit_to_shiftx_offset.erase(it);
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 			// Due to padding the most significant bits of A may be 1'bx,
 			//   and if so, discount them
 			if (GetSize(taps) < shiftx->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int()) {
-				const SigSpec A = shiftx->getPort(ID(A));
+				const SigSpec A = shiftx->getPort(ID::A);
 				const int A_width = shiftx->getParam(ID(A_WIDTH)).as_int();
 				for (int i = GetSize(taps); i < A_width; ++i)
 					if (A[i] != RTLIL::Sx) return false;
@@ -223,14 +223,14 @@ struct ShregmapTechXilinx7 : ShregmapTech
 		Cell* shiftx = std::get<0>(it->second);
 		RTLIL::SigSpec l_wire, q_wire;
 		if (shiftx->type == ID($shiftx)) {
-			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(B));
-			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(Y));
-			shiftx->setPort(ID(Y), cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID::B);
+			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID::Y);
+			shiftx->setPort(ID::Y, cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 		}
 		else if (shiftx->type == ID($mux)) {
 			l_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(S));
-			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID(Y));
-			shiftx->setPort(ID(Y), cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+			q_wire = shiftx->getPort(ID::Y);
+			shiftx->setPort(ID::Y, cell->module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 		}
 		else log_abort();
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc b/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
index 325a816ee..91574f3c6 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/simplemap.cc
@@ -28,23 +28,23 @@ YOSYS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 void simplemap_not(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_pos(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ void simplemap_pos(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 	sig_a.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool());
 	sig_b.extend_u0(GetSize(sig_y), cell->parameters.at(ID(B_SIGNED)).as_bool());
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
 			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-			gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_t[i]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_t[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y[i]);
 		}
 
 		sig_y = sig_t;
@@ -84,16 +84,16 @@ void simplemap_bitop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(B), sig_b[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::B, sig_b[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
 			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-			gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(B), sig_a[i+1]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_t[i/2]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_a[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::B, sig_a[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_t[i/2]);
 			last_output_cell = gate;
 		}
 
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_t = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_t);
+		gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+		gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_t);
 		last_output_cell = gate;
 		sig_a = sig_t;
 	}
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ void simplemap_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	if (last_output_cell == NULL) {
 		module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_a));
 	} else {
-		last_output_cell->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+		last_output_cell->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ static void logic_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Cell
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_OR_));
 			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-			gate->setPort(ID(A), sig[i]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(B), sig[i+1]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_t[i/2]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::A, sig[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::B, sig[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_t[i/2]);
 		}
 
 		sig = sig_t;
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ static void logic_reduce(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Cell
 
 void simplemap_lognot(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_a, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -205,19 +205,19 @@ void simplemap_lognot(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_NOT_));
 	gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-	gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-	gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+	gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+	gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 }
 
 void simplemap_logbin(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_a, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
 	logic_reduce(module, sig_b, cell);
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 	if (sig_y.size() == 0)
 		return;
@@ -234,16 +234,16 @@ void simplemap_logbin(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 	RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, gate_type);
 	gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-	gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a);
-	gate->setPort(ID(B), sig_b);
-	gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y);
+	gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+	gate->setPort(ID::B, sig_b);
+	gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y);
 }
 
 void simplemap_eqne(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 	bool is_signed = cell->parameters.at(ID(A_SIGNED)).as_bool();
 	bool is_ne = cell->type.in(ID($ne), ID($nex));
 
@@ -269,38 +269,38 @@ void simplemap_eqne(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void simplemap_mux(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID(B));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_b = cell->getPort(ID::B);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
-		gate->setPort(ID(B), sig_b[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::B, sig_b[i]);
 		gate->setPort(ID(S), cell->getPort(ID(S)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_tribuf(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_e = cell->getPort(ID(EN));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_TBUF_));
 		gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-		gate->setPort(ID(A), sig_a[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::A, sig_a[i]);
 		gate->setPort(ID(E), sig_e);
-		gate->setPort(ID(Y), sig_y[i]);
+		gate->setPort(ID::Y, sig_y[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 void simplemap_lut(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec lut_ctrl = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	SigSpec lut_ctrl = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 	SigSpec lut_data = cell->getParam(ID(LUT));
 	lut_data.extend_u0(1 << cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int());
 
@@ -310,20 +310,20 @@ void simplemap_lut(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(lut_data); i += 2) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *gate = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($_MUX_));
 			gate->add_strpool_attribute(ID(src), cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID(src)));
-			gate->setPort(ID(A), lut_data[i]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(B), lut_data[i+1]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::A, lut_data[i]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::B, lut_data[i+1]);
 			gate->setPort(ID(S), lut_ctrl[idx]);
-			gate->setPort(ID(Y), new_lut_data[i/2]);
+			gate->setPort(ID::Y, new_lut_data[i/2]);
 		}
 		lut_data = new_lut_data;
 	}
 
-	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), lut_data);
+	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID::Y), lut_data);
 }
 
 void simplemap_sop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	SigSpec ctrl = cell->getPort(ID(A));
+	SigSpec ctrl = cell->getPort(ID::A);
 	SigSpec table = cell->getParam(ID(TABLE));
 
 	int width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
@@ -348,22 +348,22 @@ void simplemap_sop(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		products.append(GetSize(in) > 0 ? module->Eq(NEW_ID, in, pat) : State::S1);
 	}
 
-	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID(Y)), module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, products));
+	module->connect(cell->getPort(ID::Y), module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, products));
 }
 
 void simplemap_slice(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
 	int offset = cell->parameters.at(ID(OFFSET)).as_int();
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 	module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_a.extract(offset, sig_y.size())));
 }
 
 void simplemap_concat(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ab = cell->getPort(ID(A));
-	sig_ab.append(cell->getPort(ID(B)));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ab = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+	sig_ab.append(cell->getPort(ID::B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec sig_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
 	module->connect(RTLIL::SigSig(sig_y, sig_ab));
 }
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
index e81dc33ee..fa038c1b9 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 								int port_counter = 1;
 								for (auto &c : extmapper_cell->connections_) {
 									RTLIL::Wire *w = extmapper_module->addWire(c.first, GetSize(c.second));
-									if (w->name.in(ID(Y), ID(Q)))
+									if (w->name.in(ID::Y, ID(Q)))
 										w->port_output = true;
 									else
 										w->port_input = true;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc b/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
index 509a9198b..41fdc8f3d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/tribuf.cc
@@ -64,37 +64,37 @@ struct TribufWorker {
 		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
 		{
 			if (cell->type == ID($tribuf))
-				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))].push_back(cell);
+				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y))].push_back(cell);
 
 			if (cell->type == ID($_TBUF_))
-				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))].push_back(cell);
+				tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y))].push_back(cell);
 
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)))
 			{
 				IdString en_port = cell->type == ID($mux) ? ID(EN) : ID(E);
 				IdString tri_type = cell->type == ID($mux) ? ID($tribuf) : ID($_TBUF_);
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(A))) && is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(B)))) {
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID::A)) && is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID::B))) {
 					module->remove(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(A)))) {
-					cell->setPort(ID(A), cell->getPort(ID(B)));
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID::A))) {
+					cell->setPort(ID::A, cell->getPort(ID::B));
 					cell->setPort(en_port, cell->getPort(ID(S)));
-					cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID::B);
 					cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 					cell->type = tri_type;
-					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))].push_back(cell);
+					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y))].push_back(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID(B)))) {
+				if (is_all_z(cell->getPort(ID::B))) {
 					cell->setPort(en_port, module->Not(NEW_ID, cell->getPort(ID(S))));
-					cell->unsetPort(ID(B));
+					cell->unsetPort(ID::B);
 					cell->unsetPort(ID(S));
 					cell->type = tri_type;
-					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID(Y)))].push_back(cell);
+					tribuf_cells[sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y))].push_back(cell);
 					continue;
 				}
 			}
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ struct TribufWorker {
 						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort(ID(EN)));
 					else
 						pmux_s.append(cell->getPort(ID(E)));
-					pmux_b.append(cell->getPort(ID(A)));
+					pmux_b.append(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 					module->remove(cell);
 				}
 

From eae5a6b12c0f44230f61ed23068e7200507f9520 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 14:51:12 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 083/197] Use ID::keep more liberally too

---
 passes/opt/muxpack.cc      | 4 ++--
 passes/opt/opt_clean.cc    | 8 ++++----
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc     | 2 +-
 passes/opt/opt_lut.cc      | 2 +-
 passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc  | 2 +-
 passes/opt/wreduce.cc      | 2 +-
 passes/techmap/abc.cc      | 4 ++--
 passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc | 8 ++++----
 passes/techmap/shregmap.cc | 4 ++--
 passes/techmap/techmap.cc  | 2 +-
 10 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/muxpack.cc b/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
index 97c88f423..c40c02acd 100644
--- a/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/muxpack.cc
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 	{
 		for (auto wire : module->wires())
 		{
-			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
+			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep)) {
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(wire))
 					sigbit_with_non_chain_users.insert(bit);
 			}
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ struct MuxpackWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep))
 			{
 				SigSpec a_sig = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 				SigSpec b_sig;
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc b/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
index bf75c7adc..2f69b3d4c 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_clean.cc
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ struct keep_cache_t
 			return cache.at(module);
 
 		cache[module] = true;
-		if (!module->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
+		if (!module->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep)) {
 			bool found_keep = false;
 			for (auto cell : module->cells())
 				if (query(cell)) found_keep = true;
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ void rmunused_module_cells(Module *module, bool verbose)
 
 	for (auto &it : module->wires_) {
 		Wire *wire = it.second;
-		if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
+		if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep)) {
 			for (auto bit : sigmap(wire))
 			for (auto c : wire2driver[bit])
 				queue.insert(c), unused.erase(c);
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 			if (!wire->port_input)
 				used_signals_nodrivers.add(sig);
 		}
-		if (wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
+		if (wire->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep)) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec sig = RTLIL::SigSpec(wire);
 			assign_map.apply(sig);
 			used_signals.add(sig);
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 			if (wire->port_id == 0)
 				goto delete_this_wire;
 		} else
-		if (wire->port_id != 0 || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)) || !initval.is_fully_undef()) {
+		if (wire->port_id != 0 || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep) || !initval.is_fully_undef()) {
 			// do not delete anything with "keep" or module ports or initialized wires
 		} else
 		if (!purge_mode && check_public_name(wire->name) && (raw_used_signals.check_any(s1) || used_signals.check_any(s2) || s1 != s2)) {
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index 85ec9a55a..f7469853b 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void replace_undriven(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module)
 		}
 		if (wire->port_input)
 			driven_signals.add(sigmap(wire));
-		if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
+		if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep))
 			used_signals.add(sigmap(wire));
 		all_signals.add(sigmap(wire));
 	}
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc b/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
index 733bc547c..c4f278706 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_lut.cc
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 				if (cell->has_keep_attr())
 					continue;
 				SigBit lut_output = cell->getPort(ID::Y);
-				if (lut_output.wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
+				if (lut_output.wire->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep))
 					continue;
 
 				int lut_width = cell->getParam(ID(WIDTH)).as_int();
diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc b/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
index 3d7e9cccb..3c486bbcc 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_muxtree.cc
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ struct OptMuxtreeWorker
 			}
 		}
 		for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
-			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
+			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep))
 				for (int idx : sig2bits(RTLIL::SigSpec(wire)))
 					bit2info[idx].seen_non_mux = true;
 		}
diff --git a/passes/opt/wreduce.cc b/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
index 792c69c55..37de8cb61 100644
--- a/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		SigMap init_attr_sigmap = mi.sigmap;
 
 		for (auto w : module->wires()) {
-			if (w->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
+			if (w->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep))
 				for (auto bit : mi.sigmap(w))
 					keep_bits.insert(bit);
 			if (w->attributes.count(ID(init))) {
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc.cc b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
index 205f05ab9..4e49b73ba 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ void extract_cell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool keepff)
 		if (keepff)
 			for (auto &c : sig_q.chunks())
 				if (c.wire != NULL)
-					c.wire->attributes[ID(keep)] = 1;
+					c.wire->attributes[ID::keep] = 1;
 
 		assign_map.apply(sig_d);
 		assign_map.apply(sig_q);
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ void abc_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::strin
 		extract_cell(c, keepff);
 
 	for (auto &wire_it : module->wires_) {
-		if (wire_it.second->port_id > 0 || wire_it.second->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
+		if (wire_it.second->port_id > 0 || wire_it.second->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep))
 			mark_port(RTLIL::SigSpec(wire_it.second));
 	}
 
diff --git a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
index 898cb77a4..a2551316f 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/iopadmap.cc
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname2), owire);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname3), data_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(tinoutpad_portname4), wire_bit);
-							cell->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+							cell->attributes[ID::keep] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 
 							for (auto cn : tbuf_cache.second) {
 								auto c = module->cell(cn);
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname), en_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname2), data_sig);
 							cell->setPort(RTLIL::escape_id(toutpad_portname3), wire_bit);
-							cell->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+							cell->attributes[ID::keep] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 
 							for (auto cn : tbuf_cache.second) {
 								auto c = module->cell(cn);
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 							cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(widthparam)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 						if (!nameparam.empty())
 							cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(nameparam)] = RTLIL::Const(stringf("%s[%d]", RTLIL::id2cstr(wire->name), i));
-						cell->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+						cell->attributes[ID::keep] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 					}
 				}
 				else
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ struct IopadmapPass : public Pass {
 						cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(widthparam)] = RTLIL::Const(wire->width);
 					if (!nameparam.empty())
 						cell->parameters[RTLIL::escape_id(nameparam)] = RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::id2cstr(wire->name));
-					cell->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+					cell->attributes[ID::keep] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 				}
 
 				wire->port_id = 0;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
index cb877c2f4..5e298d8dd 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 	{
 		for (auto wire : module->wires())
 		{
-			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep))) {
+			if (wire->port_output || wire->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep)) {
 				for (auto bit : sigmap(wire)) {
 					sigbit_with_non_chain_users.insert(bit);
 					if (opts.tech) opts.tech->non_chain_user(bit, nullptr, {});
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
-			if (opts.ffcells.count(cell->type) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(keep)))
+			if (opts.ffcells.count(cell->type) && !cell->get_bool_attribute(ID::keep))
 			{
 				IdString d_port = opts.ffcells.at(cell->type).first;
 				IdString q_port = opts.ffcells.at(cell->type).second;
diff --git a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
index fa038c1b9..b271c8781 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ struct TechmapWorker
 				record.wire = it.second;
 				record.value = it.second;
 				result[p].push_back(record);
-				it.second->attributes[ID(keep)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
+				it.second->attributes[ID::keep] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 				it.second->attributes[ID(_techmap_special_)] = RTLIL::Const(1);
 			}
 		}

From 453a9429b67551f94f8c714c24f12929e472052c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 14:54:41 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 084/197] Fix spacing

---
 kernel/yosys.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/yosys.h b/kernel/yosys.h
index 52e7b3383..0cf230722 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.h
+++ b/kernel/yosys.h
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ namespace RTLIL {
 	struct Module;
 	struct Design;
 	struct Monitor;
-    namespace ID {}
+	namespace ID {}
 }
 
 namespace AST {

From 0b9ee4fbbf3a5fc818e5ae39a013cdd9e17f641f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2019 16:20:54 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 085/197] Try this for gcc-4.8?

---
 kernel/yosys.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/yosys.h b/kernel/yosys.h
index 0cf230722..895286a53 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.h
+++ b/kernel/yosys.h
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ using RTLIL::Wire;
 using RTLIL::Cell;
 using RTLIL::Module;
 using RTLIL::Design;
-namespace ID = RTLIL::ID;
+namespace ID = ::YOSYS_NAMESPACE::RTLIL::ID;
 
 namespace hashlib {
 	template<> struct hash_ops<RTLIL::Wire*> : hash_obj_ops {};

From bb37a20e8de55c1145af7c611eb657891d8825fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 10:36:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 086/197] Add missing NMUX to "abc -g" handling

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/techmap/abc.cc | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc.cc b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
index 20ebc73c8..58e517e09 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc.cc
@@ -1630,6 +1630,7 @@ struct AbcPass : public Pass {
 					if (g == "ANDNOT") goto ok_gate;
 					if (g == "ORNOT") goto ok_gate;
 					if (g == "MUX") goto ok_gate;
+					if (g == "NMUX") goto ok_gate;
 					if (g == "AOI3") goto ok_gate;
 					if (g == "OAI3") goto ok_gate;
 					if (g == "AOI4") goto ok_gate;

From 4a57b7e1abe148b36827a393fd7fe62e46c2b1a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 11:47:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 087/197] Refactor demo_reduce into test_pmgen

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/.gitignore                       |  2 +-
 passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc                     |  6 +-
 .../pmgen/{demo_reduce.cc => test_pmgen.cc}   | 86 ++++++++++++++++---
 .../pmgen/{demo_reduce.pmg => test_pmgen.pmg} |  3 +
 4 files changed, 83 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 rename passes/pmgen/{demo_reduce.cc => test_pmgen.cc} (53%)
 rename passes/pmgen/{demo_reduce.pmg => test_pmgen.pmg} (93%)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/.gitignore b/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
index a1fe9a7dc..849b73fd4 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
+++ b/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-/demo_reduce_pm.h
+/test_pmgen_pm.h
 /ice40_dsp_pm.h
 /peepopt_pm.h
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
index 3aaee4047..bea21d971 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ $(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h))
 
 # --------------------------------------
 
-OBJS += passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.o
-passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.o: passes/pmgen/demo_reduce_pm.h
-$(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/demo_reduce_pm.h))
+OBJS += passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.o
+passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.o: passes/pmgen/test_pmgen_pm.h
+$(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/test_pmgen_pm.h))
 
 # --------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.cc b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
similarity index 53%
rename from passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.cc
rename to passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
index dd8c66f56..3bff9ae12 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.cc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
-#include "passes/pmgen/demo_reduce_pm.h"
+#include "passes/pmgen/test_pmgen_pm.h"
 
-void create_reduce(demo_reduce_pm &pm)
+void reduce_chain(test_pmgen_pm &pm)
 {
 	auto &st = pm.st_reduce;
 	auto &ud = pm.ud_reduce;
@@ -65,23 +65,58 @@ void create_reduce(demo_reduce_pm &pm)
 	log("    -> %s (%s)\n", log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
 }
 
-struct DemoReducePass : public Pass {
-	DemoReducePass() : Pass("demo_reduce", "map chains of AND/OR/XOR") { }
+void reduce_tree(test_pmgen_pm &pm)
+{
+	auto &st = pm.st_reduce;
+	auto &ud = pm.ud_reduce;
+
+	if (ud.longest_chain.empty())
+		return;
+
+	SigSpec A = ud.leaves;
+	SigSpec Y = st.first->getPort(ID(Y));
+	pm.autoremove(st.first);
+
+	log("Found %s tree with %d leaves for %s (%s).\n", log_id(st.first->type),
+			GetSize(A), log_signal(Y), log_id(st.first));
+
+	Cell *c;
+
+	if (st.first->type == ID($_AND_))
+		c = pm.module->addReduceAnd(NEW_ID, A, Y);
+	else if (st.first->type == ID($_OR_))
+		c = pm.module->addReduceOr(NEW_ID, A, Y);
+	else if (st.first->type == ID($_XOR_))
+		c = pm.module->addReduceXor(NEW_ID, A, Y);
+	else
+		log_abort();
+
+	log("    -> %s (%s)\n", log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
+}
+
+struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
+	TestPmgenPass() : Pass("test_pmgen", "test pass for pmgen") { }
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
 	{
 		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
 		log("\n");
-		log("    demo_reduce [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("    test_pmgen -reduce_chain [options] [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("Demo for recursive pmgen patterns. Map chains of AND/OR/XOR to $reduce_*.\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    test_pmgen -reduce_tree [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Demo for recursive pmgen patterns. Map trees of AND/OR/XOR to $reduce_*.\n");
+		log("\n");
 	}
-	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+
+	void execute_reduce_chain(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design)
 	{
-		log_header(design, "Executing DEMO_REDUCE pass.\n");
+		log_header(design, "Executing TEST_PMGEN pass (-reduce_chain).\n");
 
 		size_t argidx;
-		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		for (argidx = 2; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
 		{
 			// if (args[argidx] == "-singleton") {
 			// 	singleton_mode = true;
@@ -92,8 +127,39 @@ struct DemoReducePass : public Pass {
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
-			demo_reduce_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_reduce(create_reduce);
+			test_pmgen_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_reduce(reduce_chain);
 	}
-} DemoReducePass;
+
+	void execute_reduce_tree(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design)
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing TEST_PMGEN pass (-reduce_tree).\n");
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 2; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			// if (args[argidx] == "-singleton") {
+			// 	singleton_mode = true;
+			// 	continue;
+			// }
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+			test_pmgen_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_reduce(reduce_tree);
+	}
+
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		if (GetSize(args) > 1)
+		{
+			if (args[1] == "-reduce_chain")
+				return execute_reduce_chain(args, design);
+			if (args[1] == "-reduce_tree")
+				return execute_reduce_tree(args, design);
+		}
+		log_cmd_error("Missing or unsupported mode parameter.\n");
+	}
+} TestPmgenPass;
 
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
similarity index 93%
rename from passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg
rename to passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
index 09856e9ae..ccb37e553 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/demo_reduce.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ pattern reduce
 state <IdString> portname
 udata <vector<pair<Cell*, IdString>>> chain longest_chain
 udata <pool<Cell*>> non_first_cells
+udata <SigSpec> leaves
 
 code
 	non_first_cells.clear();
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ match first
 endmatch
 
 code
+	leaves = SigSpec();
 	longest_chain.clear();
 	chain.push_back(make_pair(first, \A));
 	subpattern(tail);
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ code
 	} else {
 		if (GetSize(chain) > GetSize(longest_chain))
 			longest_chain = chain;
+		leaves.append(port(chain.back().first, chain.back().second));
 	}
 finally
 	if (next)

From bb79e050a594fe09b975cecd7a1bdf917b208faa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 10:22:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 088/197] Just needed IDs to be IdString

---
 passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
index c62224f9d..7478e020d 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 struct cell_mapping {
 	IdString cell_name;
-	std::map<IdString, char> ports;
+	std::map<std::string, char> ports;
 };
 static std::map<RTLIL::IdString, cell_mapping> cell_mappings;
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ static bool parse_pin(LibertyAst *cell, LibertyAst *attr, std::string &pin_name,
 static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has_reset, bool rstpol, bool rstval, bool prepare_mode)
 {
 	LibertyAst *best_cell = NULL;
-	std::map<IdString, char> best_cell_ports;
+	std::map<std::string, char> best_cell_ports;
 	int best_cell_pins = 0;
 	bool best_cell_noninv = false;
 	double best_cell_area = 0;
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has
 				continue;
 		}
 
-		std::map<IdString, char> this_cell_ports;
+		std::map<std::string, char> this_cell_ports;
 		this_cell_ports[cell_clk_pin] = 'C';
 		if (has_reset)
 			this_cell_ports[cell_rst_pin] = 'R';
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has
 			cell_mappings[cell_type].ports["D"] = 'D';
 			cell_mappings[cell_type].ports["Q"] = 'Q';
 		} else {
-			cell_mappings[cell_type].cell_name = best_cell->args[0];
+			cell_mappings[cell_type].cell_name = RTLIL::escape_id(best_cell->args[0]);
 			cell_mappings[cell_type].ports = best_cell_ports;
 		}
 	}
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has
 static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool setpol, bool clrpol, bool prepare_mode)
 {
 	LibertyAst *best_cell = NULL;
-	std::map<IdString, char> best_cell_ports;
+	std::map<std::string, char> best_cell_ports;
 	int best_cell_pins = 0;
 	bool best_cell_noninv = false;
 	double best_cell_area = 0;
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool
 		if (!parse_pin(cell, ff->find("clear"), cell_clr_pin, cell_clr_pol) || cell_clr_pol != clrpol)
 			continue;
 
-		std::map<IdString, char> this_cell_ports;
+		std::map<std::string, char> this_cell_ports;
 		this_cell_ports[cell_clk_pin] = 'C';
 		this_cell_ports[cell_set_pin] = 'S';
 		this_cell_ports[cell_clr_pin] = 'R';
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool
 			cell_mappings[cell_type].ports["D"] = 'D';
 			cell_mappings[cell_type].ports["Q"] = 'Q';
 		} else {
-			cell_mappings[cell_type].cell_name = best_cell->args[0];
+			cell_mappings[cell_type].cell_name = RTLIL::escape_id(best_cell->args[0]);
 			cell_mappings[cell_type].ports = best_cell_ports;
 		}
 	}
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 		module->remove(cell);
 
 		cell_mapping &cm = cell_mappings[cell_type];
-		RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addCell(cell_name, prepare_mode ? cm.cell_name : "\\" + cm.cell_name.str());
+		RTLIL::Cell *new_cell = module->addCell(cell_name, prepare_mode ? cm.cell_name : cm.cell_name);
 
 		new_cell->set_src_attribute(src);
 
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ static void dfflibmap(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool prepare
 				sig = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 			} else
 				log_abort();
-			new_cell->setPort("\\" + port.first.str(), sig);
+			new_cell->setPort("\\" + port.first, sig);
 		}
 
 		stats[stringf("  mapped %%d %s cells to %s cells.\n", cell_type.c_str(), new_cell->type.c_str())]++;

From 72eacdb9f80e24aa2182dbf567d6fcbe2a5bfaba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 13:21:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 089/197] Regression in abc9

---
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index 752535f34..c3c8f879f 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 				if (cell && markgroups) cell->attributes[ID(abcgroup)] = map_autoidx;
 				continue;
 			}
-			cell_stats[RTLIL::unescape_id(c->type)]++;
+			cell_stats[c->type]++;
 
 			RTLIL::Cell *existing_cell = nullptr;
 			if (c->type == ID($lut)) {

From c710df181c2e9931ce464ea60568c864b7195e8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 13:26:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 090/197] Add pmgen "generate" feature

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py       |  57 +++++++++++----
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc  | 142 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg |  22 ++++++
 3 files changed, 208 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index c6e9a9cbf..e252c52f5 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -186,6 +186,9 @@ def process_pmgfile(f, filename):
             block["src"] = "%s:%d" % (filename, linenr)
             block["pattern"] = (current_pattern, current_subpattern)
 
+            block["genargs"] = None
+            block["gencode"] = None
+
             line = line.split()
             assert len(line) == 2
             assert (line[1] not in state_types[current_pattern]) or (state_types[current_pattern][line[1]] == "Cell*")
@@ -236,6 +239,19 @@ def process_pmgfile(f, filename):
                     block["semioptional"] = True
                     continue
 
+                if a[0] == "generate":
+                    block["genargs"] = list([int(s) for s in a[1:]])
+                    block["gencode"] = list()
+                    assert len(block["genargs"]) < 2
+                    while True:
+                        linenr += 1
+                        l = f.readline()
+                        assert l != ""
+                        a = l.split()
+                        if a[0] == "endmatch": break
+                        block["gencode"].append(rewrite_cpp(l.rstrip()))
+                    break
+
                 assert False
 
             if block["optional"]:
@@ -310,7 +326,17 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("struct {}_pm {{".format(prefix), file=f)
     print("  Module *module;", file=f)
     print("  SigMap sigmap;", file=f)
-    print("  std::function<void()> on_accept;".format(prefix), file=f)
+    print("  std::function<void()> on_accept;", file=f)
+    print("  bool generate_mode;", file=f)
+    print("", file=f)
+
+    print("  uint32_t rngseed;", file=f)
+    print("  int rng(unsigned int n) {", file=f)
+    print("    rngseed ^= rngseed << 13;", file=f)
+    print("    rngseed ^= rngseed >> 17;", file=f)
+    print("    rngseed ^= rngseed << 5;", file=f)
+    print("    return rngseed % n;", file=f)
+    print("  }", file=f)
     print("", file=f)
 
     for index in range(len(blocks)):
@@ -415,7 +441,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("", file=f)
 
     print("  {}_pm(Module *module, const vector<Cell*> &cells) :".format(prefix), file=f)
-    print("      module(module), sigmap(module) {", file=f)
+    print("      module(module), sigmap(module), generate_mode(false), rngseed(12345678) {", file=f)
     for current_pattern in sorted(patterns.keys()):
         for s, t in sorted(udata_types[current_pattern].items()):
             if t.endswith("*"):
@@ -469,17 +495,15 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         print("    run_{}([&](){{on_accept_f(*this);}});".format(current_pattern), file=f)
         print("  }", file=f)
         print("", file=f)
-        print("  void run_{}(std::function<void(state_{}_t&)> on_accept_f) {{".format(current_pattern, current_pattern), file=f)
-        print("    run_{}([&](){{on_accept_f(st_{});}});".format(current_pattern, current_pattern), file=f)
-        print("  }", file=f)
-        print("", file=f)
         print("  void run_{}() {{".format(current_pattern), file=f)
         print("    run_{}([](){{}});".format(current_pattern, current_pattern), file=f)
         print("  }", file=f)
         print("", file=f)
 
-    for p, s in sorted(subpatterns.keys()):
-        print("  void block_subpattern_{}_{}() {{ block_{}(); }}".format(p, s, subpatterns[(p, s)]), file=f)
+    if len(subpatterns):
+        for p, s in sorted(subpatterns.keys()):
+            print("  void block_subpattern_{}_{}() {{ block_{}(); }}".format(p, s, subpatterns[(p, s)]), file=f)
+        print("", file=f)
 
     current_pattern = None
     current_subpattern = None
@@ -611,8 +635,8 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                 print("    std::get<{}>(key) = {};".format(field, entry[2]), file=f)
             print("    const vector<Cell*> &cells = index_{}[key];".format(index), file=f)
 
-            if block["semioptional"]:
-                print("    bool found_semioptional_match = false;", file=f)
+            if block["semioptional"] or block["genargs"] is not None:
+                print("    bool found_any_match = false;", file=f)
 
             print("", file=f)
             print("    for (int idx = 0; idx < GetSize(cells); idx++) {", file=f)
@@ -620,8 +644,8 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("      if (blacklist_cells.count({})) continue;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
             for expr in block["filter"]:
                 print("      if (!({})) continue;".format(expr), file=f)
-            if block["semioptional"]:
-                print("      found_semioptional_match = true;", file=f)
+            if block["semioptional"] or block["genargs"] is not None:
+                print("      found_any_match = true;", file=f)
             print("      block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
             print("      if (rollback) {", file=f)
             print("        if (rollback != {}) {{".format(index+1), file=f)
@@ -639,10 +663,17 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                 print("    block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
 
             if block["semioptional"]:
-                print("    if (!found_semioptional_match) block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+                print("    if (!found_any_match) block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
 
             print("    {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
 
+            if block["genargs"] is not None:
+                print("    if (generate_mode && !found_any_match) {", file=f)
+                if len(block["genargs"]) == 1:
+                    print("    if (rng(100) >= {}) return;".format(block["genargs"][0]), file=f)
+                for line in block["gencode"]:
+                    print("      " + line, file=f)
+                print("    }", file=f)
         else:
             assert False
 
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
index 3bff9ae12..48d58b263 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
@@ -23,7 +23,12 @@
 USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
+// for peepopt_pm
+bool did_something;
+
 #include "passes/pmgen/test_pmgen_pm.h"
+#include "passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h"
+#include "passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h"
 
 void reduce_chain(test_pmgen_pm &pm)
 {
@@ -94,6 +99,100 @@ void reduce_tree(test_pmgen_pm &pm)
 	log("    -> %s (%s)\n", log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
 }
 
+#define GENERATE_PATTERN(pmclass, pattern) \
+	generate_pattern<pmclass>([](pmclass &pm, std::function<void()> f){ return pm.run_ ## pattern(f); }, #pmclass, #pattern, design)
+
+void pmtest_addports(Module *module)
+{
+	pool<SigBit> driven_bits, used_bits;
+	SigMap sigmap(module);
+	int icnt = 0, ocnt = 0;
+
+	for (auto cell : module->cells())
+	for (auto conn : cell->connections())
+	{
+		if (cell->input(conn.first))
+			for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second))
+				used_bits.insert(bit);
+		if (cell->output(conn.first))
+			for (auto bit : sigmap(conn.second))
+				driven_bits.insert(bit);
+	}
+
+	for (auto wire : vector<Wire*>(module->wires()))
+	{
+		SigSpec ibits, obits;
+		for (auto bit : sigmap(wire)) {
+			if (!used_bits.count(bit))
+				obits.append(bit);
+			if (!driven_bits.count(bit))
+				ibits.append(bit);
+		}
+		if (!ibits.empty()) {
+			Wire *w = module->addWire(stringf("\\i%d", icnt++), GetSize(ibits));
+			w->port_input = true;
+			module->connect(ibits, w);
+		}
+		if (!obits.empty()) {
+			Wire *w = module->addWire(stringf("\\o%d", ocnt++), GetSize(obits));
+			w->port_output = true;
+			module->connect(w, obits);
+		}
+	}
+
+	module->fixup_ports();
+}
+
+template <class pm>
+void generate_pattern(std::function<void(pm&,std::function<void()>)> run, const char *pmclass, const char *pattern, Design *design)
+{
+	log("Generating \"%s\" patterns for pattern matcher \"%s\".\n", pattern, pmclass);
+
+	int modcnt = 0;
+
+	while (modcnt < 100)
+	{
+		int submodcnt = 0, itercnt = 0, cellcnt = 0;
+		Module *mod = design->addModule(NEW_ID);
+
+		while (submodcnt < 10 && itercnt++ < 1000)
+		{
+			pm matcher(mod, mod->cells());
+
+			matcher.rng(1);
+			matcher.rngseed += modcnt;
+			matcher.rng(1);
+			matcher.rngseed += submodcnt;
+			matcher.rng(1);
+			matcher.rngseed += itercnt;
+			matcher.rng(1);
+			matcher.rngseed += cellcnt;
+			matcher.rng(1);
+
+			if (GetSize(mod->cells()) != cellcnt)
+			{
+				bool found_match = false;
+				run(matcher, [&](){ found_match = true; });
+
+				if (found_match) {
+					Module *m = design->addModule(stringf("\\pmtest_%s_%s_%05d",
+							pmclass, pattern, modcnt++));
+					mod->cloneInto(m);
+					pmtest_addports(m);
+					submodcnt++;
+				}
+
+				cellcnt = GetSize(mod->cells());
+			}
+
+			matcher.generate_mode = true;
+			run(matcher, [](){});
+		}
+
+		design->remove(mod);
+	}
+}
+
 struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 	TestPmgenPass() : Pass("test_pmgen", "test pass for pmgen") { }
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -104,11 +203,18 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 		log("\n");
 		log("Demo for recursive pmgen patterns. Map chains of AND/OR/XOR to $reduce_*.\n");
 		log("\n");
+
 		log("\n");
 		log("    test_pmgen -reduce_tree [options] [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("Demo for recursive pmgen patterns. Map trees of AND/OR/XOR to $reduce_*.\n");
 		log("\n");
+
+		log("\n");
+		log("    test_pmgen -generate [options] <pattern_name>\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Create modules that match the specified pattern.\n");
+		log("\n");
 	}
 
 	void execute_reduce_chain(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design)
@@ -149,6 +255,40 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 			test_pmgen_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_reduce(reduce_tree);
 	}
 
+	void execute_generate(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design)
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing TEST_PMGEN pass (-generate).\n");
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 2; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			// if (args[argidx] == "-singleton") {
+			// 	singleton_mode = true;
+			// 	continue;
+			// }
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (argidx+1 != args.size())
+			log_cmd_error("Expected exactly one pattern.\n");
+
+		string pattern = args[argidx];
+
+		if (pattern == "reduce")
+			return GENERATE_PATTERN(test_pmgen_pm, reduce);
+
+		if (pattern == "ice40_dsp")
+			return GENERATE_PATTERN(ice40_dsp_pm, ice40_dsp);
+
+		if (pattern == "peepopt-muldiv")
+			return GENERATE_PATTERN(peepopt_pm, muldiv);
+
+		if (pattern == "peepopt-shiftmul")
+			return GENERATE_PATTERN(peepopt_pm, shiftmul);
+
+		log_cmd_error("Unkown pattern: %s\n", pattern.c_str());
+	}
+
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
 	{
 		if (GetSize(args) > 1)
@@ -157,6 +297,8 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 				return execute_reduce_chain(args, design);
 			if (args[1] == "-reduce_tree")
 				return execute_reduce_tree(args, design);
+			if (args[1] == "-generate")
+				return execute_generate(args, design);
 		}
 		log_cmd_error("Missing or unsupported mode parameter.\n");
 	}
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
index ccb37e553..077d337d6 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
@@ -13,6 +13,22 @@ endcode
 match first
 	select first->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
 	filter !non_first_cells.count(first)
+generate
+	SigSpec A = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+	SigSpec B = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+	SigSpec Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+	switch (rng(3))
+	{
+	case 0:
+		module->addAndGate(NEW_ID, A, B, Y);
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		module->addOrGate(NEW_ID, A, B, Y);
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		module->addXorGate(NEW_ID, A, B, Y);
+		break;
+	}
 endmatch
 
 code
@@ -64,6 +80,12 @@ match next
 	select next->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
 	index <IdString> next->type === chain.back().first->type
 	index <SigSpec> port(next, \Y) === port(chain.back().first, chain.back().second)
+generate 50
+	SigSpec A = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+	SigSpec B = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+	SigSpec Y = port(chain.back().first, chain.back().second);
+	Cell *c = module->addAndGate(NEW_ID, A, B, Y);
+	c->type = chain.back().first->type;
 endmatch
 
 code

From f45dad8220ed7c24ddaad5fc3f84bb80ddafb5ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 13:47:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 091/197] Redesign pmgen backtracking for recursive matching

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py      | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc |  4 ++-
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index e252c52f5..95fcd2540 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -351,6 +351,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("  pool<Cell*> blacklist_cells;", file=f)
     print("  pool<Cell*> autoremove_cells;", file=f)
     print("  bool blacklist_dirty;", file=f)
+    print("  vector<pair<Cell*,int>> rollback_stack;", file=f)
     print("  int rollback;", file=f)
     print("", file=f)
 
@@ -393,6 +394,19 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("  }", file=f)
     print("", file=f)
 
+    print("  void check_blacklist() {", file=f)
+    print("    if (!blacklist_dirty)", file=f)
+    print("      return;", file=f)
+    print("    blacklist_dirty = false;", file=f)
+    print("    for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(rollback_stack); i++)", file=f)
+    print("      if (blacklist_cells.count(rollback_stack[i].first)) {", file=f)
+    print("        rollback = rollback_stack[i].second;", file=f)
+    print("        rollback_stack.resize(i);", file=f)
+    print("        return;", file=f)
+    print("      }", file=f)
+    print("  }", file=f)
+    print("", file=f)
+
     print("  void autoremove(Cell *cell) {", file=f)
     print("    if (cell != nullptr) {", file=f)
     print("      if (blacklist_cells.insert(cell).second)", file=f)
@@ -402,23 +416,6 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("  }", file=f)
     print("", file=f)
 
-    for current_pattern in sorted(patterns.keys()):
-        print("  void check_blacklist_{}() {{".format(current_pattern), file=f)
-        print("    if (!blacklist_dirty)", file=f)
-        print("      return;", file=f)
-        print("    blacklist_dirty = false;", file=f)
-        for index in range(len(blocks)):
-            block = blocks[index]
-            if block["pattern"] != (current_pattern, current_subpattern):
-                continue
-            if block["type"] == "match":
-                print("    if (st_{}.{} != nullptr && blacklist_cells.count(st_{}.{})) {{".format(current_pattern, block["cell"], current_pattern, block["cell"]), file=f)
-                print("      rollback = {};".format(index+1), file=f)
-                print("      return;", file=f)
-                print("    }", file=f)
-        print("    rollback = 0;", file=f)
-        print("  }", file=f)
-        print("", file=f)
     current_pattern = None
 
     print("  SigSpec port(Cell *cell, IdString portname) {", file=f)
@@ -488,7 +485,8 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                 print("    st_{}.{} = nullptr;".format(current_pattern, s), file=f)
             else:
                 print("    st_{}.{} = {}();".format(current_pattern, s, t), file=f)
-        print("    block_{}();".format(patterns[current_pattern]), file=f)
+        print("    block_{}(1);".format(patterns[current_pattern]), file=f)
+        print("    log_assert(rollback_stack.empty());", file=f)
         print("  }", file=f)
         print("", file=f)
         print("  void run_{}(std::function<void({}_pm&)> on_accept_f) {{".format(current_pattern, prefix), file=f)
@@ -502,7 +500,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
 
     if len(subpatterns):
         for p, s in sorted(subpatterns.keys()):
-            print("  void block_subpattern_{}_{}() {{ block_{}(); }}".format(p, s, subpatterns[(p, s)]), file=f)
+            print("  void block_subpattern_{}_{}(int recursion) {{ block_{}(recursion); }}".format(p, s, subpatterns[(p, s)]), file=f)
         print("", file=f)
 
     current_pattern = None
@@ -514,7 +512,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         if block["type"] in ("match", "code"):
             print("  // {}".format(block["src"]), file=f)
 
-        print("  void block_{}() {{".format(index), file=f)
+        print("  void block_{}(int recursion YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused)) {{".format(index), file=f)
         current_pattern, current_subpattern = block["pattern"]
 
         if block["type"] == "final":
@@ -575,16 +573,16 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
 
         if block["type"] == "code":
             print("", file=f)
-            print("#define reject do {{ check_blacklist_{}(); goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
-            print("#define accept do {{ on_accept(); check_blacklist_{}(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
-            print("#define branch do {{ block_{}(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(index+1), file=f)
-            print("#define subpattern(pattern_name) do {{ block_subpattern_{}_ ## pattern_name (); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
+            print("#define reject do { check_blacklist(); goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
+            print("#define accept do { on_accept(); check_blacklist(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
+            print("#define branch do {{ block_{}(recursion+1); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(index+1), file=f)
+            print("#define subpattern(pattern_name) do {{ block_subpattern_{}_ ## pattern_name (recursion+1); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
 
             for line in block["code"]:
                 print("  " + line, file=f)
 
             print("", file=f)
-            print("    block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+            print("    block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
 
             print("#undef reject", file=f)
             print("#undef accept", file=f)
@@ -596,7 +594,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("    YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused);", file=f)
 
             if len(block["fcode"]):
-                print("#define accept do {{ on_accept(); check_blacklist_{}(); }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
+                print("#define accept do { on_accept(); check_blacklist(); } while(0)", file=f)
                 for line in block["fcode"]:
                     print("  " + line, file=f)
                 print("#undef accept", file=f)
@@ -624,7 +622,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                     print("", file=f)
                     print("    if (!({})) {{".format(expr), file=f)
                     print("      {} = nullptr;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
-                    print("      block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+                    print("      block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
                     print("      {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
                     print("      return;", file=f)
                     print("    }", file=f)
@@ -646,9 +644,12 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                 print("      if (!({})) continue;".format(expr), file=f)
             if block["semioptional"] or block["genargs"] is not None:
                 print("      found_any_match = true;", file=f)
-            print("      block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
-            print("      if (rollback) {", file=f)
-            print("        if (rollback != {}) {{".format(index+1), file=f)
+            print("      rollback_stack.push_back(make_pair(cells[idx], recursion));", file=f)
+            print("      block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
+            print("      if (rollback == 0) {", file=f)
+            print("        rollback_stack.pop_back();", file=f)
+            print("      } else {", file=f)
+            print("        if (rollback != recursion) {{".format(index+1), file=f)
             print("          {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
             print("          return;", file=f)
             print("        }", file=f)
@@ -660,10 +661,10 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("    {} = nullptr;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
 
             if block["optional"]:
-                print("    block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+                print("    block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
 
             if block["semioptional"]:
-                print("    if (!found_any_match) block_{}();".format(index+1), file=f)
+                print("    if (!found_any_match) block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
 
             print("    {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
 
@@ -673,6 +674,8 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                     print("    if (rng(100) >= {}) return;".format(block["genargs"][0]), file=f)
                 for line in block["gencode"]:
                     print("      " + line, file=f)
+                print("      rollback_stack.clear();", file=f)
+                print("      rollback = -1;", file=f)
                 print("    }", file=f)
         else:
             assert False
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
index 48d58b263..053dbe021 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
@@ -149,13 +149,14 @@ void generate_pattern(std::function<void(pm&,std::function<void()>)> run, const
 	log("Generating \"%s\" patterns for pattern matcher \"%s\".\n", pattern, pmclass);
 
 	int modcnt = 0;
+	int maxsubcnt = 4;
 
 	while (modcnt < 100)
 	{
 		int submodcnt = 0, itercnt = 0, cellcnt = 0;
 		Module *mod = design->addModule(NEW_ID);
 
-		while (submodcnt < 10 && itercnt++ < 1000)
+		while (submodcnt < maxsubcnt && itercnt++ < 1000)
 		{
 			pm matcher(mod, mod->cells());
 
@@ -190,6 +191,7 @@ void generate_pattern(std::function<void(pm&,std::function<void()>)> run, const
 		}
 
 		design->remove(mod);
+		maxsubcnt *= 2;
 	}
 }
 

From 20910fd7c8638ec58c85e750d5b8a7da1c83cded Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 14:16:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 092/197] Add pmgen finish statement, return number of matches

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/README.md      | 117 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py       |  58 ++++++++++--------
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc  |   2 +-
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg |   5 +-
 4 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/README.md b/passes/pmgen/README.md
index f92445a86..be908ef0b 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/README.md
+++ b/passes/pmgen/README.md
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ of type `foobar_pm::state_<pattern_name>_t`.)
 Similarly the `.pmg` file declares user data variables that become members of
 `.ud_<pattern_name>`, a struct of type `foobar_pm::udata_<pattern_name>_t`.
 
-There are four versions of the `run_<pattern_name>()` method: Without callback,
-callback without arguments, callback with reference to `pm`, and callback with
-reference to `pm.st_<pattern_name>`.
+There are three versions of the `run_<pattern_name>()` method: Without callback,
+callback without arguments, and callback with reference to `pm`. All versions
+of the `run_<pattern_name>()` method return the number of found matches.
 
 
 The .pmg File Format
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ write matchers:
   connected to any of the given signal bits, plus one if any of the signal
   bits is also a primary input or primary output.
 
-- In `code..endcode` blocks there exist `accept`, `reject`, `branch`, and
-  `subpattern` statements.
+- In `code..endcode` blocks there exist `accept`, `reject`, `branch`,
+  `finish`, and `subpattern` statements.
 
 - In `index` statements there is a special `===` operator for the index
   lookup.
@@ -246,13 +246,13 @@ debug messages. For example:
 
     code
         stack.push_back(addAB);
-	...
+        ...
     finally
         stack.pop_back();
     endcode
 
-`accept` statements can be used inside the `finally` section, but not
-`reject`, `branch`, or `subpattern`.
+`accept` and `finish` statements can be used inside the `finally` section,
+but not `reject`, `branch`, or `subpattern`.
 
 Declaring a subpattern
 ----------------------
@@ -265,52 +265,75 @@ Arguments may be passed to subpattern via state variables. The `subpattern`
 line must be followed by a `arg <arg1> <arg2> ...` line that lists the
 state variables used to pass arguments.
 
-	state <IdString> foobar_type
-	state <bool> foobar_state
+    state <IdString> foobar_type
+    state <bool> foobar_state
 
-	code foobar_type foobar_state
-		foobar_state = false;
-		foobar_type = $add;
-		subpattern(foo);
-		foobar_type = $sub;
-		subpattern(bar);
-	endcode
+    code foobar_type foobar_state
+        foobar_state = false;
+        foobar_type = $add;
+        subpattern(foo);
+        foobar_type = $sub;
+        subpattern(bar);
+    endcode
 
-	subpattern foo
-	arg foobar_type foobar_state
+    subpattern foo
+    arg foobar_type foobar_state
 
-	match addsub
-		index <IdString> addsub->type === foobar_type
-		...
-	endmatch
+    match addsub
+        index <IdString> addsub->type === foobar_type
+        ...
+    endmatch
 
-	code
-		if (foobar_state) {
-			subpattern(tail);
-		} else {
-			foobar_state = true;
-			subpattern(bar);
-		}
-	endcode
+    code
+        if (foobar_state) {
+            subpattern(tail);
+        } else {
+            foobar_state = true;
+            subpattern(bar);
+        }
+    endcode
 
-	subpattern bar
-	arg foobar_type foobar_state
+    subpattern bar
+    arg foobar_type foobar_state
 
-	match addsub
-		index <IdString> addsub->type === foobar_type
-		...
-	endmatch
+    match addsub
+        index <IdString> addsub->type === foobar_type
+        ...
+    endmatch
 
-	code
-		if (foobar_state) {
-			subpattern(tail);
-		} else {
-			foobar_state = true;
-			subpattern(foo);
-		}
-	endcode
+    code
+        if (foobar_state) {
+            subpattern(tail);
+        } else {
+            foobar_state = true;
+            subpattern(foo);
+        }
+    endcode
 
-	subpattern tail
-	...
+    subpattern tail
+    ...
 
 Subpatterns cann be called recursively.
+
+Generate Blocks
+---------------
+
+Match blocks may contain an optional `generate` section that is used for automatic
+test-case generation. For example:
+
+    match mul
+        ...
+    generate 10
+        SigSpec Y = port(ff, \D);
+        SigSpec A = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(Y) - rng(GetSize(Y)/2));
+        SigSpec B = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(Y) - rng(GetSize(Y)/2));
+        module->addMul(NEW_ID, A, B, Y, rng(2));
+    endmatch
+
+The expression `rng(n)` returns a non-negative integer less than `n`.
+
+The argument to `generate` is the chance of this generate block being executed
+when the match block did not match anything, in percent.
+
+The special statement `finish` can be used within generate blocks to terminate
+the current pattern matcher run.
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index 95fcd2540..6950a99c0 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("  SigMap sigmap;", file=f)
     print("  std::function<void()> on_accept;", file=f)
     print("  bool generate_mode;", file=f)
+    print("  int accept_cnt;", file=f)
     print("", file=f)
 
     print("  uint32_t rngseed;", file=f)
@@ -476,7 +477,8 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("", file=f)
 
     for current_pattern in sorted(patterns.keys()):
-        print("  void run_{}(std::function<void()> on_accept_f) {{".format(current_pattern), file=f)
+        print("  int run_{}(std::function<void()> on_accept_f) {{".format(current_pattern), file=f)
+        print("    accept_cnt = 0;", file=f)
         print("    on_accept = on_accept_f;", file=f)
         print("    rollback = 0;", file=f)
         print("    blacklist_dirty = false;", file=f)
@@ -487,14 +489,15 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                 print("    st_{}.{} = {}();".format(current_pattern, s, t), file=f)
         print("    block_{}(1);".format(patterns[current_pattern]), file=f)
         print("    log_assert(rollback_stack.empty());", file=f)
+        print("    return accept_cnt;", file=f)
         print("  }", file=f)
         print("", file=f)
-        print("  void run_{}(std::function<void({}_pm&)> on_accept_f) {{".format(current_pattern, prefix), file=f)
-        print("    run_{}([&](){{on_accept_f(*this);}});".format(current_pattern), file=f)
+        print("  int run_{}(std::function<void({}_pm&)> on_accept_f) {{".format(current_pattern, prefix), file=f)
+        print("    return run_{}([&](){{on_accept_f(*this);}});".format(current_pattern), file=f)
         print("  }", file=f)
         print("", file=f)
-        print("  void run_{}() {{".format(current_pattern), file=f)
-        print("    run_{}([](){{}});".format(current_pattern, current_pattern), file=f)
+        print("  int run_{}() {{".format(current_pattern), file=f)
+        print("    return run_{}([](){{}});".format(current_pattern, current_pattern), file=f)
         print("  }", file=f)
         print("", file=f)
 
@@ -574,7 +577,8 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         if block["type"] == "code":
             print("", file=f)
             print("#define reject do { check_blacklist(); goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
-            print("#define accept do { on_accept(); check_blacklist(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
+            print("#define accept do { accept_cnt++; on_accept(); check_blacklist(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
+            print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; rollback_stack.clean(); goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
             print("#define branch do {{ block_{}(recursion+1); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(index+1), file=f)
             print("#define subpattern(pattern_name) do {{ block_subpattern_{}_ ## pattern_name (recursion+1); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
 
@@ -586,6 +590,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
 
             print("#undef reject", file=f)
             print("#undef accept", file=f)
+            print("#undef finish", file=f)
             print("#undef branch", file=f)
             print("#undef subpattern", file=f)
 
@@ -594,10 +599,12 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("    YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused);", file=f)
 
             if len(block["fcode"]):
-                print("#define accept do { on_accept(); check_blacklist(); } while(0)", file=f)
+                print("#define accept do { accept_cnt++; on_accept(); check_blacklist(); } while(0)", file=f)
+                print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; rollback_stack.clean(); return; } while(0)", file=f)
                 for line in block["fcode"]:
                     print("  " + line, file=f)
                 print("#undef accept", file=f)
+                print("#undef finish", file=f)
 
             if len(restore_st) or len(nonconst_st):
                 print("", file=f)
@@ -631,29 +638,32 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("    index_{}_key_type key;".format(index), file=f)
             for field, entry in enumerate(block["index"]):
                 print("    std::get<{}>(key) = {};".format(field, entry[2]), file=f)
-            print("    const vector<Cell*> &cells = index_{}[key];".format(index), file=f)
+            print("    auto cells_ptr = index_{}.find(key);".format(index), file=f)
 
             if block["semioptional"] or block["genargs"] is not None:
                 print("    bool found_any_match = false;", file=f)
 
             print("", file=f)
-            print("    for (int idx = 0; idx < GetSize(cells); idx++) {", file=f)
-            print("      {} = cells[idx];".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
-            print("      if (blacklist_cells.count({})) continue;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
+            print("    if (cells_ptr != index_{}.end()) {{".format(index), file=f)
+            print("      const vector<Cell*> &cells = cells_ptr->second;".format(index), file=f)
+            print("      for (int idx = 0; idx < GetSize(cells); idx++) {", file=f)
+            print("        {} = cells[idx];".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
+            print("        if (blacklist_cells.count({})) continue;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
             for expr in block["filter"]:
-                print("      if (!({})) continue;".format(expr), file=f)
+                print("        if (!({})) continue;".format(expr), file=f)
             if block["semioptional"] or block["genargs"] is not None:
-                print("      found_any_match = true;", file=f)
-            print("      rollback_stack.push_back(make_pair(cells[idx], recursion));", file=f)
-            print("      block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
-            print("      if (rollback == 0) {", file=f)
-            print("        rollback_stack.pop_back();", file=f)
-            print("      } else {", file=f)
-            print("        if (rollback != recursion) {{".format(index+1), file=f)
-            print("          {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
-            print("          return;", file=f)
+                print("        found_any_match = true;", file=f)
+            print("        rollback_stack.push_back(make_pair(cells[idx], recursion));", file=f)
+            print("        block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
+            print("        if (rollback == 0) {", file=f)
+            print("          rollback_stack.pop_back();", file=f)
+            print("        } else {", file=f)
+            print("          if (rollback != recursion) {{".format(index+1), file=f)
+            print("            {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
+            print("            return;", file=f)
+            print("          }", file=f)
+            print("          rollback = 0;", file=f)
             print("        }", file=f)
-            print("        rollback = 0;", file=f)
             print("      }", file=f)
             print("    }", file=f)
 
@@ -669,14 +679,14 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("    {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
 
             if block["genargs"] is not None:
+                print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; rollback_stack.clean(); return; } while(0)", file=f)
                 print("    if (generate_mode && !found_any_match) {", file=f)
                 if len(block["genargs"]) == 1:
                     print("    if (rng(100) >= {}) return;".format(block["genargs"][0]), file=f)
                 for line in block["gencode"]:
                     print("      " + line, file=f)
-                print("      rollback_stack.clear();", file=f)
-                print("      rollback = -1;", file=f)
                 print("    }", file=f)
+                print("#undef finish", file=f)
         else:
             assert False
 
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
index 053dbe021..d787d49be 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
-			test_pmgen_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_reduce(reduce_chain);
+			while (test_pmgen_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_reduce(reduce_chain)) {}
 	}
 
 	void execute_reduce_tree(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design)
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
index 077d337d6..211477a62 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ code
 finally
 	chain.pop_back();
 	log_assert(chain.empty());
-	accept;
+	if (GetSize(longest_chain) > 1)
+		accept;
 endcode
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ match next
 	select next->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
 	index <IdString> next->type === chain.back().first->type
 	index <SigSpec> port(next, \Y) === port(chain.back().first, chain.back().second)
-generate 50
+generate 10
 	SigSpec A = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 	SigSpec B = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
 	SigSpec Y = port(chain.back().first, chain.back().second);

From 40c40d9f5d87e1f88d1dec767173d499a3e3c216 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 14:22:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 093/197] Do not use Verific in tests/various/write_gzip.ys

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 tests/various/write_gzip.ys | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/various/write_gzip.ys b/tests/various/write_gzip.ys
index 030ec318e..524ecc33e 100644
--- a/tests/various/write_gzip.ys
+++ b/tests/various/write_gzip.ys
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-read -vlog2k <<EOT
+read_verilog <<EOT
 module top(input a, output y);
 assign y = !a;
 endmodule
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ design -reset
 
 ! rm -f write_gzip.v
 ! gunzip write_gzip.v.gz
-read -vlog2k write_gzip.v
+read_verilog write_gzip.v
 ! rm -f write_gzip.v
 hierarchy -top top
 select -assert-any top

From 64bd414e54aadc1446e114cf95f33dd95f5cf291 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 14:35:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 094/197] Minor bugfix in "test_pmgen -generate"

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
index d787d49be..5f7bf2189 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ void generate_pattern(std::function<void(pm&,std::function<void()>)> run, const
 		int submodcnt = 0, itercnt = 0, cellcnt = 0;
 		Module *mod = design->addModule(NEW_ID);
 
-		while (submodcnt < maxsubcnt && itercnt++ < 1000)
+		while (modcnt < 100 && submodcnt < maxsubcnt && itercnt++ < 1000)
 		{
 			pm matcher(mod, mod->cells());
 

From 29e14e674eccc173b354dacd96fdbe0040c423d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 19:36:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 095/197] Remove `using namespace RTLIL;`

---
 passes/opt/wreduce.cc | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/wreduce.cc b/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
index 37de8cb61..c02c355cb 100644
--- a/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/wreduce.cc
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include "kernel/modtools.h"
 
 USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
-using namespace RTLIL;
 
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
@@ -77,15 +76,15 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 		{
 			auto info = mi.query(sig_y[i]);
 			if (!info->is_output && GetSize(info->ports) <= 1 && !keep_bits.count(mi.sigmap(sig_y[i]))) {
-				bits_removed.push_back(Sx);
+				bits_removed.push_back(State::Sx);
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			SigBit ref = sig_a[i];
 			for (int k = 0; k < GetSize(sig_s); k++) {
-				if ((config->keepdc || (ref != Sx && sig_b[k*GetSize(sig_a) + i] != Sx)) && ref != sig_b[k*GetSize(sig_a) + i])
+				if ((config->keepdc || (ref != State::Sx && sig_b[k*GetSize(sig_a) + i] != State::Sx)) && ref != sig_b[k*GetSize(sig_a) + i])
 					goto no_match_ab;
-				if (sig_b[k*GetSize(sig_a) + i] != Sx)
+				if (sig_b[k*GetSize(sig_a) + i] != State::Sx)
 					ref = sig_b[k*GetSize(sig_a) + i];
 			}
 			if (0)
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 			while (GetSize(sig) > 1 && sig[GetSize(sig)-1] == sig[GetSize(sig)-2])
 				work_queue_bits.insert(sig[GetSize(sig)-1]), sig.remove(GetSize(sig)-1), bits_removed++;
 		} else {
-			while (GetSize(sig) > 1 && sig[GetSize(sig)-1] == S0)
+			while (GetSize(sig) > 1 && sig[GetSize(sig)-1] == State::S0)
 				work_queue_bits.insert(sig[GetSize(sig)-1]), sig.remove(GetSize(sig)-1), bits_removed++;
 		}
 
@@ -359,7 +358,7 @@ struct WreduceWorker
 				max_y_size = a_size + b_size;
 
 			while (GetSize(sig) > 1 && GetSize(sig) > max_y_size) {
-				module->connect(sig[GetSize(sig)-1], is_signed ? sig[GetSize(sig)-2] : S0);
+				module->connect(sig[GetSize(sig)-1], is_signed ? sig[GetSize(sig)-2] : State::S0);
 				sig.remove(GetSize(sig)-1);
 				bits_removed++;
 			}

From 3b19c3657cda6d972bd3b1c3eeacdfca5fb35de8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 19:37:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 096/197] Move namespace alias

---
 kernel/yosys.h | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/yosys.h b/kernel/yosys.h
index 895286a53..a80cb00b4 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.h
+++ b/kernel/yosys.h
@@ -210,7 +210,6 @@ namespace RTLIL {
 	struct Module;
 	struct Design;
 	struct Monitor;
-	namespace ID {}
 }
 
 namespace AST {
@@ -225,7 +224,6 @@ using RTLIL::Wire;
 using RTLIL::Cell;
 using RTLIL::Module;
 using RTLIL::Design;
-namespace ID = ::YOSYS_NAMESPACE::RTLIL::ID;
 
 namespace hashlib {
 	template<> struct hash_ops<RTLIL::Wire*> : hash_obj_ops {};
@@ -317,6 +315,7 @@ RTLIL::IdString new_id(std::string file, int line, std::string func);
 //
 #define ID(_id) ([]() { const char *p = "\\" #_id, *q = p[1] == '$' ? p+1 : p; \
         static const YOSYS_NAMESPACE_PREFIX RTLIL::IdString id(q); return id; })()
+namespace ID = RTLIL::ID;
 
 RTLIL::Design *yosys_get_design();
 std::string proc_self_dirname();

From cd5a372cd18fe71cfa8428be59e355d82f34000d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 13:00:12 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 097/197] Add help() call

---
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
index 5f7bf2189..94e59f62e 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 			if (args[1] == "-generate")
 				return execute_generate(args, design);
 		}
+		help();
 		log_cmd_error("Missing or unsupported mode parameter.\n");
 	}
 } TestPmgenPass;

From 6b156beda16cce69e7318a3a2fdbc3ad547370c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 13:35:39 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 098/197] Remove unused variable

---
 frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc b/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
index 534cc0daa..ac9e31f70 100644
--- a/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
+++ b/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
@@ -901,11 +901,6 @@ void AigerReader::post_process()
 				RTLIL::Cell* cell = module->cell(stringf("$__box%d__", variable));
 				if (cell) { // ABC could have optimised this box away
 					module->rename(cell, escaped_s);
-				#ifndef NDEBUG
-					RTLIL::Module* box_module = design->module(cell->type);
-					log_assert(box_module);
-				#endif
-
 					for (const auto &i : cell->connections()) {
 						RTLIL::IdString port_name = i.first;
 						RTLIL::SigSpec rhs = i.second;

From fab067cecef205ce246904cf122a5e545e348f99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 13:47:37 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 099/197] Add 'opt_share' to 'opt -full'

---
 passes/opt/opt.cc | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt.cc b/passes/opt/opt.cc
index e9a43e0f3..396819883 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt.cc
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ struct OptPass : public Pass {
 		log("        opt_muxtree\n");
 		log("        opt_reduce [-fine] [-full]\n");
 		log("        opt_merge [-share_all]\n");
+		log("        opt_share (-full only)\n");
 		log("        opt_rmdff [-keepdc] [-sat]\n");
 		log("        opt_clean [-purge]\n");
 		log("        opt_expr [-mux_undef] [-mux_bool] [-undriven] [-clkinv] [-fine] [-full] [-keepdc]\n");
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ struct OptPass : public Pass {
 		std::string opt_reduce_args;
 		std::string opt_merge_args;
 		std::string opt_rmdff_args;
+		bool opt_share = false;
 		bool fast_mode = false;
 
 		log_header(design, "Executing OPT pass (performing simple optimizations).\n");
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ struct OptPass : public Pass {
 			if (args[argidx] == "-full") {
 				opt_expr_args += " -full";
 				opt_reduce_args += " -full";
+				opt_share = true;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (args[argidx] == "-keepdc") {
@@ -151,6 +154,8 @@ struct OptPass : public Pass {
 				Pass::call(design, "opt_muxtree");
 				Pass::call(design, "opt_reduce" + opt_reduce_args);
 				Pass::call(design, "opt_merge" + opt_merge_args);
+				if (opt_share)
+					Pass::call(design, "opt_share");
 				Pass::call(design, "opt_rmdff" + opt_rmdff_args);
 				Pass::call(design, "opt_clean" + opt_clean_args);
 				Pass::call(design, "opt_expr" + opt_expr_args);

From a29814ca3f448481d351bc9f8ba0a20084afd883 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 13:47:51 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 100/197] Add 'opt_share' to CHANGELOG

---
 CHANGELOG | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 638c36121..8dbe1aee3 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Added automatic gzip compression (based on filename extension) for backends
     - Improve attribute and parameter encoding in JSON to avoid ambiguities between
       bit vectors and strings containing [01xz]*
+    - Added "opt_share" pass, run as part of "opt -full"
 
 Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
 --------------------------

From 3d3779b0376b8204ed7637053176a07b7271ac1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 14:01:55 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 101/197] Use ID() macro

---
 passes/opt/opt_share.cc | 228 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 110 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
index a2ec9cc37..734cbcf81 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
@@ -83,52 +83,51 @@ struct ExtSigSpec {
 	bool operator==(const ExtSigSpec &other) const { return is_signed == other.is_signed && sign == other.sign && sig == other.sig && semantics == other.semantics; }
 };
 
-#define BITWISE_OPS "$_AND_", "$_NAND_", "$_OR_", "$_NOR_", "$_XOR_", "$_XNOR_", "$_ANDNOT_", "$_ORNOT_", "$and", "$or", "$xor", "$xnor"
+#define BITWISE_OPS ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_), ID($and), ID($or), ID($xor), ID($xnor)
 
-#define REDUCTION_OPS "$reduce_and", "$reduce_or", "$reduce_xor", "$reduce_xnor", "$reduce_bool", "$reduce_nand"
+#define REDUCTION_OPS ID($reduce_and), ID($reduce_or), ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($reduce_bool), ID($reduce_nand)
 
-#define LOGICAL_OPS "$logic_and", "$logic_or"
+#define LOGICAL_OPS ID($logic_and), ID($logic_or)
 
-#define SHIFT_OPS "$shl", "$shr", "$sshl", "$sshr", "$shift", "$shiftx"
+#define SHIFT_OPS ID($shl), ID($shr), ID($sshl), ID($sshr), ID($shift), ID($shiftx)
 
-#define RELATIONAL_OPS "$lt", "$le", "$eq", "$ne", "$eqx", "$nex", "$ge", "$gt"
+#define RELATIONAL_OPS ID($lt), ID($le), ID($eq), ID($ne), ID($eqx), ID($nex), ID($ge), ID($gt)
 
 bool cell_supported(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-
-	if (cell->type.in("$alu")) {
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_bi = cell->getPort("\\BI");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort("\\CI");
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($alu))) {
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_bi = cell->getPort(ID(BI));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig_ci = cell->getPort(ID(CI));
 
 		if (sig_bi.is_fully_const() && sig_ci.is_fully_const() && sig_bi == sig_ci)
 			return true;
-	} else if (cell->type.in(LOGICAL_OPS, SHIFT_OPS, BITWISE_OPS, RELATIONAL_OPS, "$add", "$sub", "$mul", "$div", "$mod", "$concat")) {
+	} else if (cell->type.in(LOGICAL_OPS, SHIFT_OPS, BITWISE_OPS, RELATIONAL_OPS, ID($add), ID($sub), ID($mul), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($concat))) {
 		return true;
 	}
 
 	return false;
 }
 
-std::map<std::string, std::string> mergeable_type_map{
-  {"$sub", "$add"},
+std::map<IdString, IdString> mergeable_type_map{
+  {ID($sub), ID($add)},
 };
 
 bool mergeable(RTLIL::Cell *a, RTLIL::Cell *b)
 {
 	auto a_type = a->type;
-	if (mergeable_type_map.count(a_type.str()))
-		a_type = mergeable_type_map.at(a_type.str());
+	if (mergeable_type_map.count(a_type))
+		a_type = mergeable_type_map.at(a_type);
 
 	auto b_type = b->type;
-	if (mergeable_type_map.count(b_type.str()))
-		b_type = mergeable_type_map.at(b_type.str());
+	if (mergeable_type_map.count(b_type))
+		b_type = mergeable_type_map.at(b_type);
 
 	return a_type == b_type;
 }
 
 RTLIL::IdString decode_port_semantics(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name)
 {
-	if (cell->type.in("$lt", "$le", "$ge", "$gt", "$div", "$mod", "$concat", SHIFT_OPS) && port_name == "\\B")
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($concat), SHIFT_OPS) && port_name == ID(B))
 		return port_name;
 
 	return "";
@@ -136,9 +135,9 @@ RTLIL::IdString decode_port_semantics(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_na
 
 RTLIL::SigSpec decode_port_sign(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name) {
 
-	if (cell->type == "$alu" && port_name == "\\B")
-		return cell->getPort("\\BI");
-	else if (cell->type == "$sub" && port_name == "\\B")
+	if (cell->type == ID($alu) && port_name == ID(B))
+		return cell->getPort(ID(BI));
+	else if (cell->type == ID($sub) && port_name == ID(B))
 		return RTLIL::Const(1, 1);
 
 	return RTLIL::Const(0, 1);
@@ -153,7 +152,6 @@ bool decode_port_signed(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name)
 		return cell->getParam(port_name.str() + "_SIGNED").as_bool();
 
 	return false;
-
 }
 
 ExtSigSpec decode_port(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name, SigMap *sigmap)
@@ -170,15 +168,14 @@ ExtSigSpec decode_port(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name, SigMap *sig
 
 void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<OpMuxConn> &ports, const ExtSigSpec &operand)
 {
-
 	std::vector<ExtSigSpec> muxed_operands;
 	int max_width = 0;
 	for (const auto& p : ports) {
 		auto op = p.op;
 
-		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = "\\A";
-		if (decode_port(op, "\\A", &assign_map) == operand)
-			muxed_port_name = "\\B";
+		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = ID(A);
+		if (decode_port(op, ID(A), &assign_map) == operand)
+			muxed_port_name = ID(B);
 
 		auto operand = decode_port(op, muxed_port_name, &assign_map);
 		if (operand.sig.size() > max_width)
@@ -190,8 +187,7 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 	auto shared_op = ports[0].op;
 
 	if (std::any_of(muxed_operands.begin(), muxed_operands.end(), [&](ExtSigSpec &op) { return op.sign != muxed_operands[0].sign; }))
-		if (max_width < shared_op->getParam("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int())
-			max_width = shared_op->getParam("\\Y_WIDTH").as_int();
+        max_width = std::max(max_width, shared_op->getParam(ID(Y_WIDTH)).as_int());
 
 
 	for (auto &operand : muxed_operands)
@@ -208,11 +204,10 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 		if (muxed_op.sign != muxed_operands[0].sign)
 			muxed_op = ExtSigSpec(module->Neg(NEW_ID, muxed_op.sig, muxed_op.is_signed));
 
-
-	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_y = mux->getPort("\\Y");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_a = mux->getPort("\\A");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_b = mux->getPort("\\B");
-	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_s = mux->getPort("\\S");
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_y = mux->getPort(ID(Y));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_a = mux->getPort(ID(A));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_b = mux->getPort(ID(B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_s = mux->getPort(ID(S));
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_a = RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::State::Sx, max_width);
 	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_b;
@@ -221,49 +216,48 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 	int conn_width = ports[0].sig.size();
 	int conn_offset = ports[0].mux_port_offset;
 
-	shared_op->setPort("\\Y", shared_op->getPort("\\Y").extract(0, conn_width));
+	shared_op->setPort(ID(Y), shared_op->getPort(ID(Y)).extract(0, conn_width));
 
-	if (mux->type == "$pmux") {
+	if (mux->type == ID($pmux)) {
 		shared_pmux_s = RTLIL::SigSpec();
 
 		for (const auto &p : ports) {
 			shared_pmux_s.append(mux_s[p.mux_port_id]);
-			mux_b.replace(p.mux_port_id * mux_a.size() + conn_offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
+			mux_b.replace(p.mux_port_id * mux_a.size() + conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID(Y)));
 		}
 	} else {
 		shared_pmux_s = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux_s, module->Not(NEW_ID, mux_s)};
-		mux_a.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
-		mux_b.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort("\\Y"));
+		mux_a.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		mux_b.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID(Y)));
 	}
 
-	mux->setPort("\\A", mux_a);
-	mux->setPort("\\B", mux_b);
-	mux->setPort("\\Y", mux_y);
-	mux->setPort("\\S", mux_s);
+	mux->setPort(ID(A), mux_a);
+	mux->setPort(ID(B), mux_b);
+	mux->setPort(ID(Y), mux_y);
+	mux->setPort(ID(S), mux_s);
 
 	for (const auto &op : muxed_operands)
 		shared_pmux_b.append(op.sig);
 
 	auto mux_to_oper = module->Pmux(NEW_ID, shared_pmux_a, shared_pmux_b, shared_pmux_s);
 
-	if (shared_op->type.in("$alu")) {
-		RTLIL::SigSpec alu_x = shared_op->getPort("\\X");
-		RTLIL::SigSpec alu_co = shared_op->getPort("\\CO");
+	if (shared_op->type.in(ID($alu))) {
+		RTLIL::SigSpec alu_x = shared_op->getPort(ID(X));
+		RTLIL::SigSpec alu_co = shared_op->getPort(ID(CO));
 
-		shared_op->setPort("\\X", alu_x.extract(0, conn_width));
-		shared_op->setPort("\\CO", alu_co.extract(0, conn_width));
+		shared_op->setPort(ID(X), alu_x.extract(0, conn_width));
+		shared_op->setPort(ID(CO), alu_co.extract(0, conn_width));
 	}
 
-	shared_op->setParam("\\Y_WIDTH", conn_width);
+	shared_op->setParam(ID(Y_WIDTH), conn_width);
 
-	if (decode_port(shared_op, "\\A", &assign_map) == operand) {
-		shared_op->setPort("\\B", mux_to_oper);
-		shared_op->setParam("\\B_WIDTH", max_width);
+	if (decode_port(shared_op, ID(A), &assign_map) == operand) {
+		shared_op->setPort(ID(B), mux_to_oper);
+		shared_op->setParam(ID(B_WIDTH), max_width);
 	} else {
-		shared_op->setPort("\\A", mux_to_oper);
-		shared_op->setParam("\\A_WIDTH", max_width);
+		shared_op->setPort(ID(A), mux_to_oper);
+		shared_op->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), max_width);
 	}
-
 }
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -285,7 +279,6 @@ template <typename T> void remove_val(std::vector<T> &v, const std::vector<T> &v
 
 void check_muxed_operands(std::vector<const OpMuxConn *> &ports, const ExtSigSpec &shared_operand)
 {
-
 	auto it = ports.begin();
 	ExtSigSpec seed;
 
@@ -293,9 +286,9 @@ void check_muxed_operands(std::vector<const OpMuxConn *> &ports, const ExtSigSpe
 		auto p = *it;
 		auto op = p->op;
 
-		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = "\\A";
-		if (decode_port(op, "\\A", &assign_map) == shared_operand) {
-			muxed_port_name = "\\B";
+		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = ID(A);
+		if (decode_port(op, ID(A), &assign_map) == shared_operand) {
+			muxed_port_name = ID(B);
 		}
 
 		auto operand = decode_port(op, muxed_port_name, &assign_map);
@@ -322,7 +315,7 @@ ExtSigSpec find_shared_operand(const OpMuxConn* seed, std::vector<const OpMuxCon
 
 	auto op_a = seed->op;
 
-	for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\A", "\\B"}) {
+	for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {ID(A), ID(B)}) {
 		oper = decode_port(op_a, port_name, &assign_map);
 		auto operand_users = operand_to_users.at(oper);
 
@@ -362,78 +355,77 @@ dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, OpMuxConn> find_valid_op_mux_conns(RTLIL::Module *module, d
 	std::function<void(RTLIL::SigBit)> remove_outsig_from_aux_bit = [&](RTLIL::SigBit auxbit) {
 		auto aux_outsig = op_aux_to_outsig.at(auxbit);
 		auto op = outsig_to_operator.at(aux_outsig);
-		auto op_outsig = assign_map(op->getPort("\\Y"));
+		auto op_outsig = assign_map(op->getPort(ID(Y)));
 		remove_outsig(op_outsig);
 
 		for (auto aux_outbit : aux_outsig)
 			op_aux_to_outsig.erase(aux_outbit);
 	};
 
-	std::function<void(RTLIL::Cell *)>
-	  find_op_mux_conns = [&](RTLIL::Cell *mux) {
-		  RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
-		  int mux_port_size;
+	std::function<void(RTLIL::Cell *)> find_op_mux_conns = [&](RTLIL::Cell *mux) {
+		RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
+		int mux_port_size;
 
-		  if (mux->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_")) {
-			  mux_port_size = mux->getPort("\\A").size();
-			  sig = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux->getPort("\\B"), mux->getPort("\\A")};
-		  } else {
-			  mux_port_size = mux->getPort("\\A").size();
-			  sig = mux->getPort("\\B");
-		  }
+		if (mux->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_))) {
+			mux_port_size = mux->getPort(ID(A)).size();
+			sig = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux->getPort(ID(B)), mux->getPort(ID(A))};
+		} else {
+			mux_port_size = mux->getPort(ID(A)).size();
+			sig = mux->getPort(ID(B));
+		}
 
-		  auto mux_insig = assign_map(sig);
+		auto mux_insig = assign_map(sig);
 
-		  for (int i = 0; i < mux_insig.size(); ++i) {
-			  if (op_aux_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i])) {
-				  remove_outsig_from_aux_bit(mux_insig[i]);
-				  continue;
-			  }
+		for (int i = 0; i < mux_insig.size(); ++i) {
+			if (op_aux_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i])) {
+				remove_outsig_from_aux_bit(mux_insig[i]);
+				continue;
+			}
 
-			  if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i]))
-				  continue;
+			if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i]))
+				continue;
 
-			  auto op_outsig = op_outbit_to_outsig.at(mux_insig[i]);
+			auto op_outsig = op_outbit_to_outsig.at(mux_insig[i]);
 
-			  if (op_mux_conn_map.count(op_outsig)) {
-					remove_outsig(op_outsig);
-				  continue;
-			  }
+			if (op_mux_conn_map.count(op_outsig)) {
+				remove_outsig(op_outsig);
+				continue;
+			}
 
-			  int mux_port_id = i / mux_port_size;
-			  int mux_port_offset = i % mux_port_size;
+			int mux_port_id = i / mux_port_size;
+			int mux_port_offset = i % mux_port_size;
 
-			  int op_outsig_offset;
-			  for (op_outsig_offset = 0; op_outsig[op_outsig_offset] != mux_insig[i]; ++op_outsig_offset)
-				  ;
+			int op_outsig_offset;
+			for (op_outsig_offset = 0; op_outsig[op_outsig_offset] != mux_insig[i]; ++op_outsig_offset)
+				;
 
-			  int j = op_outsig_offset;
-			  do {
-				  if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i]))
-					  break;
+			int j = op_outsig_offset;
+			do {
+				if (!op_outbit_to_outsig.count(mux_insig[i]))
+					break;
 
-				  if (op_outbit_to_outsig.at(mux_insig[i]) != op_outsig)
-					  break;
+				if (op_outbit_to_outsig.at(mux_insig[i]) != op_outsig)
+					break;
 
-				  ++i;
-				  ++j;
-			  } while ((i / mux_port_size == mux_port_id) && (j < op_outsig.size()));
+				++i;
+				++j;
+			} while ((i / mux_port_size == mux_port_id) && (j < op_outsig.size()));
 
-			  int op_conn_width = j - op_outsig_offset;
-			  OpMuxConn inp = {
-			    op_outsig.extract(op_outsig_offset, op_conn_width),
-			    mux,
-			    outsig_to_operator.at(op_outsig),
-			    mux_port_id,
-			    mux_port_offset,
-			    op_outsig_offset,
-			  };
+			int op_conn_width = j - op_outsig_offset;
+			OpMuxConn inp = {
+				op_outsig.extract(op_outsig_offset, op_conn_width),
+				mux,
+				outsig_to_operator.at(op_outsig),
+				mux_port_id,
+				mux_port_offset,
+				op_outsig_offset,
+			};
 
-			  op_mux_conn_map[op_outsig] = inp;
+			op_mux_conn_map[op_outsig] = inp;
 
-			  --i;
-		  }
-	  };
+			--i;
+		}
+	};
 
 	std::function<void(RTLIL::SigSpec)> remove_connected_ops = [&](RTLIL::SigSpec sig) {
 		auto mux_insig = assign_map(sig);
@@ -451,8 +443,8 @@ dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, OpMuxConn> find_valid_op_mux_conns(RTLIL::Module *module, d
 	};
 
 	for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-		if (cell->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_", "$pmux")) {
-			remove_connected_ops(cell->getPort("\\S"));
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_), ID($pmux))) {
+			remove_connected_ops(cell->getPort(ID(S)));
 			find_op_mux_conns(cell);
 		} else {
 			for (auto &conn : cell->connections())
@@ -509,8 +501,8 @@ struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
 				if (!cell_supported(cell))
 					continue;
 
-				if (cell->type == "$alu") {
-					for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\X", "\\CO"}) {
+				if (cell->type == ID($alu)) {
+					for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {ID(X), ID(CO)}) {
 						auto mux_insig = assign_map(cell->getPort(port_name));
 						outsig_to_operator[mux_insig] = cell;
 						for (auto outbit : mux_insig)
@@ -518,12 +510,12 @@ struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
 					}
 				}
 
-				auto mux_insig = assign_map(cell->getPort("\\Y"));
+				auto mux_insig = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
 				outsig_to_operator[mux_insig] = cell;
 				for (auto outbit : mux_insig)
 					op_outbit_to_outsig[outbit] = mux_insig;
 
-				for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {"\\A", "\\B"}) {
+				for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {ID(A), ID(B)}) {
 					auto op_insig = decode_port(cell, port_name, &assign_map);
 					op_insigs.push_back(op_insig);
 					operand_to_users[op_insig].insert(cell);
@@ -549,10 +541,10 @@ struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
 				if (mux_port_conns.size() == 0) {
 					int mux_port_num;
 
-					if (p.mux->type.in("$mux", "$_MUX_"))
+					if (p.mux->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)))
 						mux_port_num = 2;
 					else
-						mux_port_num = p.mux->getPort("\\S").size();
+						mux_port_num = p.mux->getPort(ID(S)).size();
 
 					mux_port_conns.resize(mux_port_num);
 				}

From 562c9e362487e0aa3a3d250a1a0a8cfcf10cafaa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 15:40:53 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 102/197] Attach abc_scc_break, abc_carry_{in,out} attr to
 ports not modules

---
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
index 05e46b4e7..910d0e246 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
@@ -181,8 +181,14 @@ module XORCY(output O, input CI, LI);
   assign O = CI ^ LI;
 endmodule
 
-(* abc_box_id = 4, abc_carry="CI,CO", lib_whitebox *)
-module CARRY4(output [3:0] CO, O, input CI, CYINIT, input [3:0] DI, S);
+(* abc_box_id = 4, lib_whitebox *)
+module CARRY4(
+  (* abc_carry_out *) output [3:0] CO,
+  output [3:0] O,
+  (* abc_carry_in *) input CI,
+  input        CYINIT,
+  input  [3:0] DI, S
+);
   assign O = S ^ {CO[2:0], CI | CYINIT};
   assign CO[0] = S[0] ? CI | CYINIT : DI[0];
   assign CO[1] = S[1] ? CO[0] : DI[1];
@@ -289,10 +295,12 @@ module FDPE_1 (output reg Q, input C, CE, D, PRE);
   always @(negedge C, posedge PRE) if (PRE) Q <= 1'b1; else if (CE) Q <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* abc_box_id = 5, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
+(* abc_box_id = 5 *)
 module RAM32X1D (
   output DPO, SPO,
-  input  D, WCLK, WE,
+  (* abc_scc_break *) input D,
+  input  WCLK,
+  (* abc_scc_break *) input WE,
   input  A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
   input  DPRA0, DPRA1, DPRA2, DPRA3, DPRA4
 );
@@ -307,10 +315,12 @@ module RAM32X1D (
   always @(posedge clk) if (WE) mem[a] <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* abc_box_id = 6, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
+(* abc_box_id = 6 *)
 module RAM64X1D (
   output DPO, SPO,
-  input  D, WCLK, WE,
+  (* abc_scc_break *) input D,
+  input  WCLK,
+  (* abc_scc_break *) input WE,
   input  A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
   input  DPRA0, DPRA1, DPRA2, DPRA3, DPRA4, DPRA5
 );
@@ -325,10 +335,12 @@ module RAM64X1D (
   always @(posedge clk) if (WE) mem[a] <= D;
 endmodule
 
-(* abc_box_id = 7, abc_scc_break="D,WE" *)
+(* abc_box_id = 7 *)
 module RAM128X1D (
   output       DPO, SPO,
-  input        D, WCLK, WE,
+  (* abc_scc_break *) input D,
+  input        WCLK,
+  (* abc_scc_break *) input WE,
   input  [6:0] A, DPRA
 );
   parameter INIT = 128'h0;

From 4fe307f1bc02e32ae70f7ef9495f3418303e43e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 15:41:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 103/197] Compute abc_scc_break and move CI/CO outside of each
 abc9

---
 backends/aiger/xaiger.cc |  42 -------------
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc   | 123 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backends/aiger/xaiger.cc b/backends/aiger/xaiger.cc
index f49ecbeda..41a79d9dd 100644
--- a/backends/aiger/xaiger.cc
+++ b/backends/aiger/xaiger.cc
@@ -326,7 +326,6 @@ struct XAigerWriter
 #endif
 			log_assert(no_loops);
 
-			pool<IdString> seen_boxes;
 			for (auto cell_name : toposort.sorted) {
 				RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->cell(cell_name);
 				log_assert(cell);
@@ -335,47 +334,6 @@ struct XAigerWriter
 				if (!box_module || !box_module->attributes.count("\\abc_box_id"))
 					continue;
 
-				if (seen_boxes.insert(cell->type).second) {
-					auto it = box_module->attributes.find("\\abc_carry");
-					if (it != box_module->attributes.end()) {
-						RTLIL::Wire *carry_in = nullptr, *carry_out = nullptr;
-						auto carry_in_out = it->second.decode_string();
-						auto pos = carry_in_out.find(',');
-						if (pos == std::string::npos)
-							log_error("'abc_carry' attribute on module '%s' does not contain ','.\n", log_id(cell->type));
-						auto carry_in_name = RTLIL::escape_id(carry_in_out.substr(0, pos));
-						carry_in = box_module->wire(carry_in_name);
-						if (!carry_in || !carry_in->port_input)
-							log_error("'abc_carry' on module '%s' contains '%s' which does not exist or is not an input port.\n", log_id(cell->type), carry_in_name.c_str());
-
-						auto carry_out_name = RTLIL::escape_id(carry_in_out.substr(pos+1));
-						carry_out = box_module->wire(carry_out_name);
-						if (!carry_out || !carry_out->port_output)
-							log_error("'abc_carry' on module '%s' contains '%s' which does not exist or is not an output port.\n", log_id(cell->type), carry_out_name.c_str());
-
-						auto &ports = box_module->ports;
-						for (auto jt = ports.begin(); jt != ports.end(); ) {
-							RTLIL::Wire* w = box_module->wire(*jt);
-							log_assert(w);
-							if (w == carry_in || w == carry_out) {
-								jt = ports.erase(jt);
-								continue;
-							}
-							if (w->port_id > carry_in->port_id)
-								--w->port_id;
-							if (w->port_id > carry_out->port_id)
-								--w->port_id;
-							log_assert(w->port_input || w->port_output);
-							log_assert(ports[w->port_id-1] == w->name);
-							++jt;
-						}
-						ports.push_back(carry_in->name);
-						carry_in->port_id = ports.size();
-						ports.push_back(carry_out->name);
-						carry_out->port_id = ports.size();
-					}
-				}
-
 				// Fully pad all unused input connections of this box cell with S0
 				// Fully pad all undriven output connections of this box cell with anonymous wires
 				// NB: Assume box_module->ports are sorted alphabetically
diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index c3c8f879f..8e25d3404 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -76,12 +76,11 @@ inline std::string remap_name(RTLIL::IdString abc_name)
 	return stringf("$abc$%d$%s", map_autoidx, abc_name.c_str()+1);
 }
 
-void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
+void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design,
+		const dict<IdString,pool<IdString>> &scc_break_inputs)
 {
 	Pass::call(design, "scc -set_attr abc_scc_id {}");
 
-	dict<IdString, vector<IdString>> abc_scc_break;
-
 	// For every unique SCC found, (arbitrarily) find the first
 	// cell in the component, and select (and mark) all its output
 	// wires
@@ -116,44 +115,29 @@ void handle_loops(RTLIL::Design *design)
 			cell->attributes.erase(it);
 		}
 
-		auto jt = abc_scc_break.find(cell->type);
-		if (jt == abc_scc_break.end()) {
-			std::vector<IdString> ports;
-			RTLIL::Module* box_module = design->module(cell->type);
-			if (box_module) {
-				auto ports_csv = box_module->attributes.at(ID(abc_scc_break), RTLIL::Const::from_string("")).decode_string();
-				for (const auto &port_name : split_tokens(ports_csv, ",")) {
-					auto port_id = RTLIL::escape_id(port_name);
-					auto kt = cell->connections_.find(port_id);
-					if (kt == cell->connections_.end())
-						log_error("abc_scc_break attribute value '%s' does not exist as port on module '%s'\n", port_name.c_str(), log_id(box_module));
-					ports.push_back(port_id);
+		auto jt = scc_break_inputs.find(cell->type);
+		if (jt != scc_break_inputs.end())
+			for (auto port_name : jt->second) {
+				RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
+				auto &rhs = cell->connections_.at(port_name);
+				for (auto b : rhs) {
+					Wire *w = b.wire;
+					if (!w) continue;
+					w->port_output = true;
+					w->set_bool_attribute(ID(abc_scc_break));
+					w = module->wire(stringf("%s.abci", w->name.c_str()));
+					if (!w) {
+						w = module->addWire(stringf("%s.abci", b.wire->name.c_str()), GetSize(b.wire));
+						w->port_input = true;
+					}
+					else {
+						log_assert(b.offset < GetSize(w));
+						log_assert(w->port_input);
+					}
+					sig.append(RTLIL::SigBit(w, b.offset));
 				}
+				rhs = sig;
 			}
-			jt = abc_scc_break.insert(std::make_pair(cell->type, std::move(ports))).first;
-		}
-
-		for (auto port_name : jt->second) {
-			RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
-			auto &rhs = cell->connections_.at(port_name);
-			for (auto b : rhs) {
-				Wire *w = b.wire;
-				if (!w) continue;
-				w->port_output = true;
-				w->set_bool_attribute(ID(abc_scc_break));
-				w = module->wire(stringf("%s.abci", w->name.c_str()));
-				if (!w) {
-					w = module->addWire(stringf("%s.abci", b.wire->name.c_str()), GetSize(b.wire));
-					w->port_input = true;
-				}
-				else {
-					log_assert(b.offset < GetSize(w));
-					log_assert(w->port_input);
-				}
-				sig.append(RTLIL::SigBit(w, b.offset));
-			}
-			rhs = sig;
-		}
 	}
 
 	module->fixup_ports();
@@ -288,7 +272,9 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		bool cleanup, vector<int> lut_costs, bool dff_mode, std::string clk_str,
 		bool /*keepff*/, std::string delay_target, std::string /*lutin_shared*/, bool fast_mode,
 		bool show_tempdir, std::string box_file, std::string lut_file,
-		std::string wire_delay, const dict<int,IdString> &box_lookup)
+		std::string wire_delay, const dict<int,IdString> &box_lookup,
+		const dict<IdString,pool<IdString>> &scc_break_inputs
+)
 {
 	module = current_module;
 	map_autoidx = autoidx++;
@@ -427,7 +413,7 @@ void abc9_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *current_module, std::stri
 		RTLIL::Selection& sel = design->selection_stack.back();
 		sel.select(module);
 
-		handle_loops(design);
+		handle_loops(design, scc_break_inputs);
 
 		Pass::call(design, "aigmap");
 
@@ -1081,6 +1067,7 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
 		dict<int,IdString> box_lookup;
+		dict<IdString,pool<IdString>> scc_break_inputs;
 		for (auto m : design->modules()) {
 			auto it = m->attributes.find(ID(abc_box_id));
 			if (it == m->attributes.end())
@@ -1093,6 +1080,56 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 				log_error("Module '%s' has the same abc_box_id = %d value as '%s'.\n",
 						log_id(m), id, log_id(r.first->second));
 			log_assert(r.second);
+
+			RTLIL::Wire *carry_in = nullptr, *carry_out = nullptr;
+			for (auto p : m->ports) {
+				auto w = m->wire(p);
+				log_assert(w);
+				if (w->port_input) {
+					if (w->attributes.count("\\abc_scc_break"))
+						scc_break_inputs[m->name].insert(p);
+					if (w->attributes.count("\\abc_carry_in")) {
+						if (carry_in)
+							log_error("Module '%s' contains more than one 'abc_carry_in' port.\n", log_id(m));
+						carry_in = w;
+					}
+				}
+				if (w->port_output) {
+					if (w->attributes.count("\\abc_carry_out")) {
+						if (carry_out)
+							log_error("Module '%s' contains more than one 'abc_carry_out' port.\n", log_id(m));
+						carry_out = w;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if (carry_in || carry_out) {
+				if (carry_in && !carry_out)
+					log_error("Module '%s' contains an 'abc_carry_in' port but no 'abc_carry_out' port.\n", log_id(m));
+				if (!carry_in && carry_out)
+					log_error("Module '%s' contains an 'abc_carry_out' port but no 'abc_carry_in' port.\n", log_id(m));
+				// Make carry_in the last PI, and carry_out the last PO
+				//   since ABC requires it this way
+				auto &ports = m->ports;
+				for (auto it = ports.begin(); it != ports.end(); ) {
+					RTLIL::Wire* w = m->wire(*it);
+					log_assert(w);
+					if (w == carry_in || w == carry_out) {
+						it = ports.erase(it);
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (w->port_id > carry_in->port_id)
+						--w->port_id;
+					if (w->port_id > carry_out->port_id)
+						--w->port_id;
+					log_assert(w->port_input || w->port_output);
+					log_assert(ports[w->port_id-1] == w->name);
+					++it;
+				}
+				ports.push_back(carry_in->name);
+				carry_in->port_id = ports.size();
+				ports.push_back(carry_out->name);
+				carry_out->port_id = ports.size();
+			}
 		}
 
 		for (auto mod : design->selected_modules())
@@ -1110,7 +1147,7 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 			if (!dff_mode || !clk_str.empty()) {
 				abc9_module(design, mod, script_file, exe_file, cleanup, lut_costs, dff_mode, clk_str, keepff,
 						delay_target, lutin_shared, fast_mode, show_tempdir,
-						box_file, lut_file, wire_delay, box_lookup);
+						box_file, lut_file, wire_delay, box_lookup, scc_break_inputs);
 				continue;
 			}
 
@@ -1256,7 +1293,7 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 				en_sig = assign_map(std::get<3>(it.first));
 				abc9_module(design, mod, script_file, exe_file, cleanup, lut_costs, !clk_sig.empty(), "$",
 						keepff, delay_target, lutin_shared, fast_mode, show_tempdir,
-						box_file, lut_file, wire_delay, box_lookup);
+						box_file, lut_file, wire_delay, box_lookup, scc_break_inputs);
 				assign_map.set(mod);
 			}
 		}

From 1c57b1e7ea0128aebef8e78bcf4de9aaf9e42c6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 15:56:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 104/197] Update abc_* attr in ecp5 and ice40

---
 techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v  | 22 +++++++++++++---------
 techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v | 10 ++++++++--
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
index 3d343b315..864a3550f 100644
--- a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@ module L6MUX21 (input D0, D1, SD, output Z);
 endmodule
 
 // ---------------------------------------
-(* abc_box_id=1, abc_carry="CIN,COUT", lib_whitebox *)
-module CCU2C(input CIN, A0, B0, C0, D0, A1, B1, C1, D1,
-	           output S0, S1, COUT);
-
+(* abc_box_id=1, lib_whitebox *)
+module CCU2C(
+	(* abc_carry_in *) input CIN,
+	input  A0, B0, C0, D0, A1, B1, C1, D1,
+	output S0, S1,
+	(* abc_carry_out *) output COUT
+);
 	parameter [15:0] INIT0 = 16'h0000;
 	parameter [15:0] INIT1 = 16'h0000;
 	parameter INJECT1_0 = "YES";
@@ -104,12 +107,13 @@ module PFUMX (input ALUT, BLUT, C0, output Z);
 endmodule
 
 // ---------------------------------------
-//(* abc_box_id=2, abc_scc_break="DI,WAD,WRE" *)
+//(* abc_box_id=2 *)
 module TRELLIS_DPR16X4 (
-	input [3:0] DI,
-	input [3:0] WAD,
-	input WRE, WCK,
-	input [3:0] RAD,
+	(* abc_scc_break *) input [3:0] DI,
+	(* abc_scc_break *) input [3:0] WAD,
+	(* abc_scc_break *) input       WRE,
+	input        WCK,
+	input  [3:0] RAD,
 	output [3:0] DO
 );
 	parameter WCKMUX = "WCK";
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
index 2205be27d..5b18fec27 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
@@ -141,8 +141,14 @@ module SB_CARRY (output CO, input I0, I1, CI);
 	assign CO = (I0 && I1) || ((I0 || I1) && CI);
 endmodule
 
-(* abc_box_id = 1, abc_carry="CI,CO", lib_whitebox *)
-module \$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER (output CO, O, input A, B, CI);
+(* abc_box_id = 1, lib_whitebox *)
+module \$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER (
+	(* abc_carry_out *) output CO,
+	output O,
+	input A,
+	input B,
+	(* abc_carry_in *) input CI
+);
 	SB_CARRY carry (
 		.I0(A),
 		.I1(B),

From d26c512d7ef5369f26436540efee40201e480f7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 16:07:29 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 105/197] Add doc for abc_* attributes

---
 README.md | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d9989eb29..5b30f6bae 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -405,6 +405,22 @@ Verilog Attributes and non-standard features
   blackboxes and whiteboxes. Use ``read_verilog -specify`` to enable this
   functionality. (By default specify .. endspecify blocks are ignored.)
 
+- The module attribute ``abc_box_id`` specifies a positive integer linking a
+  blackbox or whitebox definition to a corresponding entry in a `abc9`
+  box-file.
+
+- The port attribute ``abc_scc_break`` indicates a module input port that will
+  be treated as a primary output during `abc9` techmapping. Doing so eliminates
+  the possibility of a strongly-connected component (i.e. a combinatorial loop)
+  existing. Typically, this is specified for sequential inputs on otherwise
+  combinatorial boxes -- for example, applying ``abc_scc_break`` onto the `D`
+  port of a LUTRAM cell prevents `abc9` from interpreting any `Q` -> `D` paths
+  as a combinatorial loop.
+
+- The port attribute ``abc_carry_in`` and ``abc_carry_out`` attributes mark
+  the carry-in and carry-out ports of a box. This information is necessary for
+  `abc9` to preserve the integrity of carry-chains.
+
 
 Non-standard or SystemVerilog features for formal verification
 ==============================================================

From 5abe133323b2a6a46959f796c4730b2d70cdea26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2019 16:38:49 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 106/197] Use ID()

---
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index 8e25d3404..4cdd392b5 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -1086,16 +1086,16 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 				auto w = m->wire(p);
 				log_assert(w);
 				if (w->port_input) {
-					if (w->attributes.count("\\abc_scc_break"))
+					if (w->attributes.count(ID(abc_scc_break)))
 						scc_break_inputs[m->name].insert(p);
-					if (w->attributes.count("\\abc_carry_in")) {
+					if (w->attributes.count(ID(abc_carry_in))) {
 						if (carry_in)
 							log_error("Module '%s' contains more than one 'abc_carry_in' port.\n", log_id(m));
 						carry_in = w;
 					}
 				}
 				if (w->port_output) {
-					if (w->attributes.count("\\abc_carry_out")) {
+					if (w->attributes.count(ID(abc_carry_out))) {
 						if (carry_out)
 							log_error("Module '%s' contains more than one 'abc_carry_out' port.\n", log_id(m));
 						carry_out = w;

From f95853c8228ec8310a1142fe29eea85b765ea3b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2019 11:29:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 107/197] Add pmgen "fallthrough" statement

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/README.md |  3 +++
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py  | 17 ++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/README.md b/passes/pmgen/README.md
index be908ef0b..5f6a8ab1b 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/README.md
+++ b/passes/pmgen/README.md
@@ -315,6 +315,9 @@ state variables used to pass arguments.
 
 Subpatterns cann be called recursively.
 
+If a `subpattern` statement is preceded by a `fallthrough` statement, this is
+equivalent to calling the subpattern at the end of the preceding block.
+
 Generate Blocks
 ---------------
 
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index 6950a99c0..8401e1295 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -141,12 +141,23 @@ def process_pmgfile(f, filename):
 
         assert current_pattern is not None
 
-        if cmd == "subpattern":
+        if cmd == "fallthrough":
             block = dict()
-            block["type"] = "final"
-            block["pattern"] = (current_pattern, current_subpattern)
+            block["type"] = "fallthrough"
             blocks.append(block)
             line = line.split()
+            assert len(line) == 1
+            continue
+
+        if cmd == "subpattern":
+            if len(blocks) == 0 or blocks[-1]["type"] != "fallthrough":
+                block = dict()
+                block["type"] = "final"
+                block["pattern"] = (current_pattern, current_subpattern)
+                blocks.append(block)
+            elif len(blocks) and blocks[-1]["type"] == "fallthrough":
+                del blocks[-1]
+            line = line.split()
             assert len(line) == 2
             current_subpattern = line[1]
             subpattern_args[(current_pattern, current_subpattern)] = list()

From 318ae0351cdce550cd2f7bf8f5cccc3ecf97cb60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2019 13:53:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 108/197] Improvements in "test_pmgen -generate"

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
index 94e59f62e..9f42a95d0 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
@@ -150,6 +150,8 @@ void generate_pattern(std::function<void(pm&,std::function<void()>)> run, const
 
 	int modcnt = 0;
 	int maxsubcnt = 4;
+	int timeout = 0;
+	vector<Module*> mods;
 
 	while (modcnt < 100)
 	{
@@ -158,6 +160,9 @@ void generate_pattern(std::function<void(pm&,std::function<void()>)> run, const
 
 		while (modcnt < 100 && submodcnt < maxsubcnt && itercnt++ < 1000)
 		{
+			if (timeout++ > 10000)
+				log_error("pmgen generator is stuck: 10000 iterations an no matching module generated.\n");
+
 			pm matcher(mod, mod->cells());
 
 			matcher.rng(1);
@@ -174,25 +179,40 @@ void generate_pattern(std::function<void(pm&,std::function<void()>)> run, const
 			{
 				bool found_match = false;
 				run(matcher, [&](){ found_match = true; });
+				cellcnt = GetSize(mod->cells());
 
 				if (found_match) {
 					Module *m = design->addModule(stringf("\\pmtest_%s_%s_%05d",
 							pmclass, pattern, modcnt++));
+					log("Creating module %s with %d cells.\n", log_id(m), cellcnt);
 					mod->cloneInto(m);
 					pmtest_addports(m);
+					mods.push_back(m);
 					submodcnt++;
+					timeout = 0;
 				}
-
-				cellcnt = GetSize(mod->cells());
 			}
 
 			matcher.generate_mode = true;
 			run(matcher, [](){});
 		}
 
+		if (submodcnt)
+			maxsubcnt *= 2;
+
 		design->remove(mod);
-		maxsubcnt *= 2;
 	}
+
+	Module *m = design->addModule(stringf("\\pmtest_%s_%s", pmclass, pattern));
+	log("Creating module %s with %d cells.\n", log_id(m), GetSize(mods));
+	for (auto mod : mods) {
+		Cell *c = m->addCell(mod->name, mod->name);
+		for (auto port : mod->ports) {
+			Wire *w = m->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(mod->wire(port)));
+			c->setPort(port, w);
+		}
+	}
+	pmtest_addports(m);
 }
 
 struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {

From f3405fb04878dc030e82ad49a1c12d7fd0b489f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2019 13:54:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 109/197] Refactor pmgen rollback mechanism

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py | 53 +++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index 8401e1295..18c3bf5a5 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -362,8 +362,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("  dict<SigBit, pool<Cell*>> sigusers;", file=f)
     print("  pool<Cell*> blacklist_cells;", file=f)
     print("  pool<Cell*> autoremove_cells;", file=f)
-    print("  bool blacklist_dirty;", file=f)
-    print("  vector<pair<Cell*,int>> rollback_stack;", file=f)
+    print("  dict<Cell*,int> rollback_cache;", file=f)
     print("  int rollback;", file=f)
     print("", file=f)
 
@@ -399,31 +398,20 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("", file=f)
 
     print("  void blacklist(Cell *cell) {", file=f)
-    print("    if (cell != nullptr) {", file=f)
-    print("      if (blacklist_cells.insert(cell).second)", file=f)
-    print("        blacklist_dirty = true;", file=f)
+    print("    if (cell != nullptr && blacklist_cells.insert(cell).second) {", file=f)
+    print("      auto ptr = rollback_cache.find(cell);", file=f)
+    print("      if (ptr == rollback_cache.end()) return;", file=f)
+    print("      int rb = ptr->second;", file=f)
+    print("      if (rollback == 0 || rollback > rb)", file=f)
+    print("        rollback = rb;", file=f)
     print("    }", file=f)
     print("  }", file=f)
     print("", file=f)
 
-    print("  void check_blacklist() {", file=f)
-    print("    if (!blacklist_dirty)", file=f)
-    print("      return;", file=f)
-    print("    blacklist_dirty = false;", file=f)
-    print("    for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(rollback_stack); i++)", file=f)
-    print("      if (blacklist_cells.count(rollback_stack[i].first)) {", file=f)
-    print("        rollback = rollback_stack[i].second;", file=f)
-    print("        rollback_stack.resize(i);", file=f)
-    print("        return;", file=f)
-    print("      }", file=f)
-    print("  }", file=f)
-    print("", file=f)
-
     print("  void autoremove(Cell *cell) {", file=f)
     print("    if (cell != nullptr) {", file=f)
-    print("      if (blacklist_cells.insert(cell).second)", file=f)
-    print("        blacklist_dirty = true;", file=f)
     print("      autoremove_cells.insert(cell);", file=f)
+    print("      blacklist(cell);", file=f)
     print("    }", file=f)
     print("  }", file=f)
     print("", file=f)
@@ -492,14 +480,13 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         print("    accept_cnt = 0;", file=f)
         print("    on_accept = on_accept_f;", file=f)
         print("    rollback = 0;", file=f)
-        print("    blacklist_dirty = false;", file=f)
         for s, t in sorted(state_types[current_pattern].items()):
             if t.endswith("*"):
                 print("    st_{}.{} = nullptr;".format(current_pattern, s), file=f)
             else:
                 print("    st_{}.{} = {}();".format(current_pattern, s, t), file=f)
         print("    block_{}(1);".format(patterns[current_pattern]), file=f)
-        print("    log_assert(rollback_stack.empty());", file=f)
+        print("    log_assert(rollback_cache.empty());", file=f)
         print("    return accept_cnt;", file=f)
         print("  }", file=f)
         print("", file=f)
@@ -587,9 +574,9 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
 
         if block["type"] == "code":
             print("", file=f)
-            print("#define reject do { check_blacklist(); goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
-            print("#define accept do { accept_cnt++; on_accept(); check_blacklist(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
-            print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; rollback_stack.clean(); goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
+            print("#define reject do { goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
+            print("#define accept do { accept_cnt++; on_accept(); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
+            print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; goto rollback_label; } while(0)", file=f)
             print("#define branch do {{ block_{}(recursion+1); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(index+1), file=f)
             print("#define subpattern(pattern_name) do {{ block_subpattern_{}_ ## pattern_name (recursion+1); if (rollback) goto rollback_label; }} while(0)".format(current_pattern), file=f)
 
@@ -610,10 +597,12 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("    YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused);", file=f)
 
             if len(block["fcode"]):
-                print("#define accept do { accept_cnt++; on_accept(); check_blacklist(); } while(0)", file=f)
-                print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; rollback_stack.clean(); return; } while(0)", file=f)
+                print("#define accept do { accept_cnt++; on_accept(); } while(0)", file=f)
+                print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; goto finish_label; } while(0)", file=f)
                 for line in block["fcode"]:
                     print("  " + line, file=f)
+                print("finish_label:", file=f)
+                print("    YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused);", file=f)
                 print("#undef accept", file=f)
                 print("#undef finish", file=f)
 
@@ -664,11 +653,11 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                 print("        if (!({})) continue;".format(expr), file=f)
             if block["semioptional"] or block["genargs"] is not None:
                 print("        found_any_match = true;", file=f)
-            print("        rollback_stack.push_back(make_pair(cells[idx], recursion));", file=f)
+            print("        auto rollback_ptr = rollback_cache.insert(make_pair(cells[idx], recursion));", file=f)
             print("        block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
-            print("        if (rollback == 0) {", file=f)
-            print("          rollback_stack.pop_back();", file=f)
-            print("        } else {", file=f)
+            print("        if (rollback_ptr.second)", file=f)
+            print("          rollback_cache.erase(rollback_ptr.first);", file=f)
+            print("        if (rollback) {", file=f)
             print("          if (rollback != recursion) {{".format(index+1), file=f)
             print("            {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
             print("            return;", file=f)
@@ -690,7 +679,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("    {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
 
             if block["genargs"] is not None:
-                print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; rollback_stack.clean(); return; } while(0)", file=f)
+                print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; return; } while(0)", file=f)
                 print("    if (generate_mode && !found_any_match) {", file=f)
                 if len(block["genargs"]) == 1:
                     print("    if (rng(100) >= {}) return;".format(block["genargs"][0]), file=f)

From f20be90436b32e853d68c7e102a65d43f3843d91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2019 14:05:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 110/197] Add test for pmtest_test "reduce" demo pattern

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 tests/various/pmgen_reduce.ys | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/various/pmgen_reduce.ys

diff --git a/tests/various/pmgen_reduce.ys b/tests/various/pmgen_reduce.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c214d3f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/various/pmgen_reduce.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+test_pmgen -generate reduce
+hierarchy -top pmtest_test_pmgen_pm_reduce
+flatten; opt_clean
+
+design -save gold
+test_pmgen -reduce_chain
+design -stash gate
+
+design -copy-from gold -as gold pmtest_test_pmgen_pm_reduce
+design -copy-from gate -as gate pmtest_test_pmgen_pm_reduce
+miter -equiv -flatten -make_assert gold gate miter
+sat -verify -prove-asserts miter
+
+design -load gold
+test_pmgen -reduce_tree
+design -stash gate
+
+design -copy-from gold -as gold pmtest_test_pmgen_pm_reduce
+design -copy-from gate -as gate pmtest_test_pmgen_pm_reduce
+miter -equiv -flatten -make_assert gold gate miter
+sat -verify -prove-asserts miter

From 9e940f127691fe9e4fc3c4c92f6f0dc306aa9fb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2019 14:37:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 111/197] Speed up "make test" and related cleanups

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 Makefile                      |  2 +-
 tests/fsm/run-test.sh         |  2 +-
 tests/simple_abc9/run-test.sh |  3 ++-
 tests/various/.gitignore      |  1 +
 tests/various/run-test.sh     | 16 ++++++++++++----
 tests/various/shregmap.ys     | 10 +++++-----
 6 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 95b5d451b..f4ff493b0 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -682,6 +682,7 @@ endif
 
 test: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 	+cd tests/simple && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
+	+cd tests/simple_abc9 && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/hana && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/asicworld && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	# +cd tests/realmath && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
@@ -696,7 +697,6 @@ test: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 	+cd tests/opt && bash run-test.sh
 	+cd tests/aiger && bash run-test.sh $(ABCOPT)
 	+cd tests/arch && bash run-test.sh
-	+cd tests/simple_abc9 && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "  Passed \"make test\"."
 	@echo ""
diff --git a/tests/fsm/run-test.sh b/tests/fsm/run-test.sh
index cf506470d..fbdcbf048 100755
--- a/tests/fsm/run-test.sh
+++ b/tests/fsm/run-test.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 set -e
 
 OPTIND=1
-count=100
+count=50
 seed=""    # default to no seed specified
 while getopts "c:S:" opt
 do
diff --git a/tests/simple_abc9/run-test.sh b/tests/simple_abc9/run-test.sh
index 4935d41ad..49ae23338 100755
--- a/tests/simple_abc9/run-test.sh
+++ b/tests/simple_abc9/run-test.sh
@@ -18,5 +18,6 @@ if ! which iverilog > /dev/null ; then
 fi
 
 cp ../simple/*.v .
+cp ../simple/*.sv .
 DOLLAR='?'
-exec ${MAKE:-make} -f ../tools/autotest.mk $seed *.v EXTRA_FLAGS="-p 'hierarchy; synth -run coarse; opt -full; techmap; abc9 -lut 4 -box ../abc.box; stat; check -assert; select -assert-none t:${DOLLAR}_NOT_ t:${DOLLAR}_AND_ %%'"
+exec ${MAKE:-make} -f ../tools/autotest.mk $seed *.v EXTRA_FLAGS="-n 300 -p 'hierarchy; synth -run coarse; opt -full; techmap; abc9 -lut 4 -box ../abc.box; stat; check -assert; select -assert-none t:${DOLLAR}_NOT_ t:${DOLLAR}_AND_ %%'"
diff --git a/tests/various/.gitignore b/tests/various/.gitignore
index 31078b298..4b286fd61 100644
--- a/tests/various/.gitignore
+++ b/tests/various/.gitignore
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 /*.out
 /write_gzip.v
 /write_gzip.v.gz
+/run-test.mk
diff --git a/tests/various/run-test.sh b/tests/various/run-test.sh
index 92b905765..ea56b70f0 100755
--- a/tests/various/run-test.sh
+++ b/tests/various/run-test.sh
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
+{
+echo "all::"
 for x in *.ys; do
-	echo "Running $x.."
-	../../yosys -ql ${x%.ys}.log $x
+	echo "all:: run-$x"
+	echo "run-$x:"
+	echo "	@echo 'Running $x..'"
+	echo "	@../../yosys -ql ${x%.ys}.log $x"
 done
 for s in *.sh; do
 	if [ "$s" != "run-test.sh" ]; then
-		echo "Running $s.."
-		bash $s
+		echo "all:: run-$s"
+		echo "run-$s:"
+		echo "	@echo 'Running $s..'"
+		echo "	@bash $s"
 	fi
 done
+} > run-test.mk
+exec ${MAKE:-make} -f run-test.mk
diff --git a/tests/various/shregmap.ys b/tests/various/shregmap.ys
index d644a88aa..5c9c78dd2 100644
--- a/tests/various/shregmap.ys
+++ b/tests/various/shregmap.ys
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ shregmap -tech xilinx
 
 stat
 # show -width
-write_verilog -noexpr -norename
+# write_verilog -noexpr -norename
 select -assert-count 1 t:$_DFF_P_
 select -assert-count 2 t:$__XILINX_SHREG_
 
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ prep
 miter -equiv -flatten -make_assert -make_outputs gold gate miter
 sat -verify -prove-asserts -show-ports -seq 5 miter
 
-design -load gold
-stat
+# design -load gold
+# stat
 
-design -load gate
-stat
+# design -load gate
+# stat

From 27d59dc0550432458d4bd636081a7b9f4b4411fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2019 14:47:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 112/197] Fix erroneous ifndef-NDEBUG in verific.cc

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 frontends/verific/verific.cc | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frontends/verific/verific.cc b/frontends/verific/verific.cc
index 64152c9cb..c5eef4b55 100644
--- a/frontends/verific/verific.cc
+++ b/frontends/verific/verific.cc
@@ -1789,10 +1789,8 @@ struct VerificExtNets
 				new_net = new Net(name.c_str());
 				nl->Add(new_net);
 
-			#ifndef NDEBUG
-				Net *n = route_up(new_net, port->IsOutput(), ca_nl, ca_net);
+				Net *n YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = route_up(new_net, port->IsOutput(), ca_nl, ca_net);
 				log_assert(n == ca_net);
-			#endif
 			}
 
 			if (verific_verbose)

From dbe3cb9708802af304a4f274d9161b3dc3aae5c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2019 10:49:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 113/197] Ignore all generated headers for pmgen pass

---
 passes/pmgen/.gitignore | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/.gitignore b/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
index 0ad36ea2c..e52f3282f 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
+++ b/passes/pmgen/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-/ice40_dsp_pm.h
-/peepopt_pm.h
+/*_pm.h

From f5170a7eda6fddaf482896a2ad67da4bb3131d7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2019 21:28:45 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 114/197] Removal of more `stat` calls from tests

---
 tests/various/muxpack.ys   | 30 +++++++++++++++---------------
 tests/various/opt_rmdff.ys | 10 +++++-----
 tests/various/shregmap.ys  | 12 ++++++------
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/various/muxpack.ys b/tests/various/muxpack.ys
index af23fcec8..3e90419af 100644
--- a/tests/various/muxpack.ys
+++ b/tests/various/muxpack.ys
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 1 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 1 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 2 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 1 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 1 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 1 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 1 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 1 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 7 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 0 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 4 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 0 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 3 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 0 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ prep
 design -save gold
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 2 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ opt -fast -mux_undef
 select -assert-count 2 t:$pmux
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 1 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ opt -fast -mux_undef
 select -assert-count 2 t:$pmux
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 2 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ opt -fast -mux_undef
 select -assert-count 2 t:$pmux
 muxpack
 opt
-stat
+#stat
 select -assert-count 0 t:$mux
 select -assert-count 2 t:$pmux
 design -stash gate
diff --git a/tests/various/opt_rmdff.ys b/tests/various/opt_rmdff.ys
index 081f81782..83a162f44 100644
--- a/tests/various/opt_rmdff.ys
+++ b/tests/various/opt_rmdff.ys
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ hierarchy -top equiv
 equiv_simple -undef
 equiv_status -assert
 
-design -load gold
-stat
-
-design -load gate
-stat
+#design -load gold
+#stat
+#
+#design -load gate
+#stat
diff --git a/tests/various/shregmap.ys b/tests/various/shregmap.ys
index 5c9c78dd2..0e5fe882b 100644
--- a/tests/various/shregmap.ys
+++ b/tests/various/shregmap.ys
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ shregmap -init
 
 opt
 
-stat
+# stat
 # show -width
 select -assert-count 1 t:$_DFF_P_
 select -assert-count 2 t:$__SHREG_DFF_P_
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ prep
 miter -equiv -flatten -make_assert -make_outputs gold gate miter
 sat -verify -prove-asserts -show-ports -seq 5 miter
 
-design -load gold
-stat
+#design -load gold
+#stat
 
-design -load gate
-stat
+#design -load gate
+#stat
 
 ##########
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ design -save gold
 simplemap t:$dff t:$dffe
 shregmap -tech xilinx
 
-stat
+#stat
 # show -width
 # write_verilog -noexpr -norename
 select -assert-count 1 t:$_DFF_P_

From 21699e5840b71433eb242d9c60f1635908717f5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 13:04:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 115/197] Add *.sv to tests/simple_abc9/.gitignore

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 tests/simple_abc9/.gitignore | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/tests/simple_abc9/.gitignore b/tests/simple_abc9/.gitignore
index 598951333..2355aea29 100644
--- a/tests/simple_abc9/.gitignore
+++ b/tests/simple_abc9/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 *.v
+*.sv
 *.log
 *.out

From 24971fda87e66af528aeeffab841a64fc960410a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakob Wenzel <wenzel@rs.tu-darmstadt.de>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 14:17:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 116/197] handle real values when deriving ast modules

---
 frontends/ast/ast.cc | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/frontends/ast/ast.cc b/frontends/ast/ast.cc
index 0d6626b19..82283fb5b 100644
--- a/frontends/ast/ast.cc
+++ b/frontends/ast/ast.cc
@@ -1502,7 +1502,10 @@ std::string AstModule::derive_common(RTLIL::Design *design, dict<RTLIL::IdString
 	rewrite_parameter:
 			para_info += stringf("%s=%s", child->str.c_str(), log_signal(RTLIL::SigSpec(parameters[para_id])));
 			delete child->children.at(0);
-			if ((parameters[para_id].flags & RTLIL::CONST_FLAG_STRING) != 0)
+			if ((parameters[para_id].flags & RTLIL::CONST_FLAG_REAL) != 0) {
+				child->children[0] = new AstNode(AST_REALVALUE);
+				child->children[0]->realvalue = std::stod(parameters[para_id].decode_string());
+			} else if ((parameters[para_id].flags & RTLIL::CONST_FLAG_STRING) != 0)
 				child->children[0] = AstNode::mkconst_str(parameters[para_id].decode_string());
 			else
 				child->children[0] = AstNode::mkconst_bits(parameters[para_id].bits, (parameters[para_id].flags & RTLIL::CONST_FLAG_SIGNED) != 0);

From 4a942ba7b9bb76f207adf23369f46d31f7607b75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: whitequark <whitequark@whitequark.org>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 16:44:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 117/197] proc_clean: fix order of switch insertion.

Fixes #1268.
---
 Makefile                  |  1 +
 passes/proc/proc_clean.cc |  3 +--
 tests/proc/.gitignore     |  1 +
 tests/proc/bug_1268.v     | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/proc/bug_1268.ys    |  5 +++++
 tests/proc/run-test.sh    |  6 ++++++
 6 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/proc/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 tests/proc/bug_1268.v
 create mode 100644 tests/proc/bug_1268.ys
 create mode 100755 tests/proc/run-test.sh

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 16341a268..382f79546 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -695,6 +695,7 @@ test: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 	+cd tests/various && bash run-test.sh
 	+cd tests/sat && bash run-test.sh
 	+cd tests/svinterfaces && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
+	+cd tests/proc && bash run-test.sh
 	+cd tests/opt && bash run-test.sh
 	+cd tests/aiger && bash run-test.sh $(ABCOPT)
 	+cd tests/arch && bash run-test.sh
diff --git a/passes/proc/proc_clean.cc b/passes/proc/proc_clean.cc
index 97f4c6573..114c6ab03 100644
--- a/passes/proc/proc_clean.cc
+++ b/passes/proc/proc_clean.cc
@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ void proc_clean_switch(RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw, RTLIL::CaseRule *parent, bool &did
 		did_something = true;
 		for (auto &action : sw->cases[0]->actions)
 			parent->actions.push_back(action);
-		for (auto sw2 : sw->cases[0]->switches)
-			parent->switches.push_back(sw2);
+		parent->switches.insert(parent->switches.begin(), sw->cases[0]->switches.begin(), sw->cases[0]->switches.end());
 		sw->cases[0]->switches.clear();
 		delete sw->cases[0];
 		sw->cases.clear();
diff --git a/tests/proc/.gitignore b/tests/proc/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..397b4a762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/proc/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.log
diff --git a/tests/proc/bug_1268.v b/tests/proc/bug_1268.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..698ac937a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/proc/bug_1268.v
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+module gold (input clock, ctrl, din, output reg dout);
+	always @(posedge clock) begin
+		if (1'b1) begin
+			if (1'b0) begin end else begin
+				dout <= 0;
+			end
+			if (ctrl)
+				dout <= din;
+		end
+	end
+endmodule
+
+module gate (input clock, ctrl, din, output reg dout);
+	always @(posedge clock) begin
+		if (1'b1) begin
+			if (1'b0) begin end else begin
+				dout <= 0;
+			end
+		end
+		if (ctrl)
+			dout <= din;
+	end
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/proc/bug_1268.ys b/tests/proc/bug_1268.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b73e94449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/proc/bug_1268.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+read_verilog bug_1268.v
+proc
+equiv_make gold gate equiv
+equiv_induct
+equiv_status -assert
diff --git a/tests/proc/run-test.sh b/tests/proc/run-test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..44ce7e674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/proc/run-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+for x in *.ys; do
+  echo "Running $x.."
+  ../../yosys -ql ${x%.ys}.log $x
+done

From d81a090d89d87837d3e18f9c724fe5c89ddf1f64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 09:56:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 118/197] Unify abc_carry_{in,out} into abc_carry and use port
 dir, as @mithro

---
 passes/techmap/abc9.cc      | 12 ++++++------
 techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v   |  4 ++--
 techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v  |  4 ++--
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v |  4 ++--
 4 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
index 4cdd392b5..3768786d4 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/abc9.cc
@@ -1088,25 +1088,25 @@ struct Abc9Pass : public Pass {
 				if (w->port_input) {
 					if (w->attributes.count(ID(abc_scc_break)))
 						scc_break_inputs[m->name].insert(p);
-					if (w->attributes.count(ID(abc_carry_in))) {
+					if (w->attributes.count(ID(abc_carry))) {
 						if (carry_in)
-							log_error("Module '%s' contains more than one 'abc_carry_in' port.\n", log_id(m));
+							log_error("Module '%s' contains more than one 'abc_carry' input port.\n", log_id(m));
 						carry_in = w;
 					}
 				}
 				if (w->port_output) {
-					if (w->attributes.count(ID(abc_carry_out))) {
+					if (w->attributes.count(ID(abc_carry))) {
 						if (carry_out)
-							log_error("Module '%s' contains more than one 'abc_carry_out' port.\n", log_id(m));
+							log_error("Module '%s' contains more than one 'abc_carry' input port.\n", log_id(m));
 						carry_out = w;
 					}
 				}
 			}
 			if (carry_in || carry_out) {
 				if (carry_in && !carry_out)
-					log_error("Module '%s' contains an 'abc_carry_in' port but no 'abc_carry_out' port.\n", log_id(m));
+					log_error("Module '%s' contains an 'abc_carry' input port but no output port.\n", log_id(m));
 				if (!carry_in && carry_out)
-					log_error("Module '%s' contains an 'abc_carry_out' port but no 'abc_carry_in' port.\n", log_id(m));
+					log_error("Module '%s' contains an 'abc_carry' output port but no input port.\n", log_id(m));
 				// Make carry_in the last PI, and carry_out the last PO
 				//   since ABC requires it this way
 				auto &ports = m->ports;
diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
index 864a3550f..2fcb0369e 100644
--- a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ endmodule
 // ---------------------------------------
 (* abc_box_id=1, lib_whitebox *)
 module CCU2C(
-	(* abc_carry_in *) input CIN,
+	(* abc_carry *) input CIN,
 	input  A0, B0, C0, D0, A1, B1, C1, D1,
 	output S0, S1,
-	(* abc_carry_out *) output COUT
+	(* abc_carry *) output COUT
 );
 	parameter [15:0] INIT0 = 16'h0000;
 	parameter [15:0] INIT1 = 16'h0000;
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
index 5b18fec27..ab04808f4 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ endmodule
 
 (* abc_box_id = 1, lib_whitebox *)
 module \$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER (
-	(* abc_carry_out *) output CO,
+	(* abc_carry *) output CO,
 	output O,
 	input A,
 	input B,
-	(* abc_carry_in *) input CI
+	(* abc_carry *) input CI
 );
 	SB_CARRY carry (
 		.I0(A),
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
index 910d0e246..bec9ea1a0 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ endmodule
 
 (* abc_box_id = 4, lib_whitebox *)
 module CARRY4(
-  (* abc_carry_out *) output [3:0] CO,
+  (* abc_carry *) output [3:0] CO,
   output [3:0] O,
-  (* abc_carry_in *) input CI,
+  (* abc_carry *) input CI,
   input        CYINIT,
   input  [3:0] DI, S
 );

From c36fca86f7d096e64b2a0eb6a3c4f5c427c7e537 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 09:59:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 119/197] Update doc

---
 README.md | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5b30f6bae..fd4d4beb5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -417,9 +417,10 @@ Verilog Attributes and non-standard features
   port of a LUTRAM cell prevents `abc9` from interpreting any `Q` -> `D` paths
   as a combinatorial loop.
 
-- The port attribute ``abc_carry_in`` and ``abc_carry_out`` attributes mark
-  the carry-in and carry-out ports of a box. This information is necessary for
-  `abc9` to preserve the integrity of carry-chains.
+- The port attribute ``abc_carry`` marks the carry-in (if an input port) and
+  carry-out (if output port) ports of a box. This information is necessary for
+  `abc9` to preserve the integrity of carry-chains. Specifying this attribute
+  onto a bus port will affect its most significant bit.
 
 
 Non-standard or SystemVerilog features for formal verification

From 29e4c8bd06acf718328c76ec5d6c11e3274b21d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 10:00:53 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 120/197] Clarify with 'only'

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fd4d4beb5..56f428548 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Verilog Attributes and non-standard features
 - The port attribute ``abc_carry`` marks the carry-in (if an input port) and
   carry-out (if output port) ports of a box. This information is necessary for
   `abc9` to preserve the integrity of carry-chains. Specifying this attribute
-  onto a bus port will affect its most significant bit.
+  onto a bus port will affect only its most significant bit.
 
 
 Non-standard or SystemVerilog features for formal verification

From f42ba811b63e38be8b921c8896e340404b6a5ac5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 10:11:47 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 121/197] ID({A,B,Y}) -> ID::{A,B,Y} for opt_share.cc

---
 passes/opt/opt_share.cc | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
index 734cbcf81..c53fb3113 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_share.cc
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ bool mergeable(RTLIL::Cell *a, RTLIL::Cell *b)
 
 RTLIL::IdString decode_port_semantics(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name)
 {
-	if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($concat), SHIFT_OPS) && port_name == ID(B))
+	if (cell->type.in(ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt), ID($div), ID($mod), ID($concat), SHIFT_OPS) && port_name == ID::B)
 		return port_name;
 
 	return "";
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ RTLIL::IdString decode_port_semantics(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_na
 
 RTLIL::SigSpec decode_port_sign(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString port_name) {
 
-	if (cell->type == ID($alu) && port_name == ID(B))
+	if (cell->type == ID($alu) && port_name == ID::B)
 		return cell->getPort(ID(BI));
-	else if (cell->type == ID($sub) && port_name == ID(B))
+	else if (cell->type == ID($sub) && port_name == ID::B)
 		return RTLIL::Const(1, 1);
 
 	return RTLIL::Const(0, 1);
@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 	for (const auto& p : ports) {
 		auto op = p.op;
 
-		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = ID(A);
-		if (decode_port(op, ID(A), &assign_map) == operand)
-			muxed_port_name = ID(B);
+		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = ID::A;
+		if (decode_port(op, ID::A, &assign_map) == operand)
+			muxed_port_name = ID::B;
 
 		auto operand = decode_port(op, muxed_port_name, &assign_map);
 		if (operand.sig.size() > max_width)
@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 		if (muxed_op.sign != muxed_operands[0].sign)
 			muxed_op = ExtSigSpec(module->Neg(NEW_ID, muxed_op.sig, muxed_op.is_signed));
 
-	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_y = mux->getPort(ID(Y));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_a = mux->getPort(ID(A));
-	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_b = mux->getPort(ID(B));
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_y = mux->getPort(ID::Y);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_a = mux->getPort(ID::A);
+	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_b = mux->getPort(ID::B);
 	RTLIL::SigSpec mux_s = mux->getPort(ID(S));
 
 	RTLIL::SigSpec shared_pmux_a = RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::State::Sx, max_width);
@@ -216,24 +216,24 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 	int conn_width = ports[0].sig.size();
 	int conn_offset = ports[0].mux_port_offset;
 
-	shared_op->setPort(ID(Y), shared_op->getPort(ID(Y)).extract(0, conn_width));
+	shared_op->setPort(ID::Y, shared_op->getPort(ID::Y).extract(0, conn_width));
 
 	if (mux->type == ID($pmux)) {
 		shared_pmux_s = RTLIL::SigSpec();
 
 		for (const auto &p : ports) {
 			shared_pmux_s.append(mux_s[p.mux_port_id]);
-			mux_b.replace(p.mux_port_id * mux_a.size() + conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID(Y)));
+			mux_b.replace(p.mux_port_id * mux_a.size() + conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID::Y));
 		}
 	} else {
 		shared_pmux_s = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux_s, module->Not(NEW_ID, mux_s)};
-		mux_a.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID(Y)));
-		mux_b.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		mux_a.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID::Y));
+		mux_b.replace(conn_offset, shared_op->getPort(ID::Y));
 	}
 
-	mux->setPort(ID(A), mux_a);
-	mux->setPort(ID(B), mux_b);
-	mux->setPort(ID(Y), mux_y);
+	mux->setPort(ID::A, mux_a);
+	mux->setPort(ID::B, mux_b);
+	mux->setPort(ID::Y, mux_y);
 	mux->setPort(ID(S), mux_s);
 
 	for (const auto &op : muxed_operands)
@@ -251,11 +251,11 @@ void merge_operators(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *mux, const std::vector<
 
 	shared_op->setParam(ID(Y_WIDTH), conn_width);
 
-	if (decode_port(shared_op, ID(A), &assign_map) == operand) {
-		shared_op->setPort(ID(B), mux_to_oper);
+	if (decode_port(shared_op, ID::A, &assign_map) == operand) {
+		shared_op->setPort(ID::B, mux_to_oper);
 		shared_op->setParam(ID(B_WIDTH), max_width);
 	} else {
-		shared_op->setPort(ID(A), mux_to_oper);
+		shared_op->setPort(ID::A, mux_to_oper);
 		shared_op->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), max_width);
 	}
 }
@@ -286,9 +286,9 @@ void check_muxed_operands(std::vector<const OpMuxConn *> &ports, const ExtSigSpe
 		auto p = *it;
 		auto op = p->op;
 
-		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = ID(A);
-		if (decode_port(op, ID(A), &assign_map) == shared_operand) {
-			muxed_port_name = ID(B);
+		RTLIL::IdString muxed_port_name = ID::A;
+		if (decode_port(op, ID::A, &assign_map) == shared_operand) {
+			muxed_port_name = ID::B;
 		}
 
 		auto operand = decode_port(op, muxed_port_name, &assign_map);
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ ExtSigSpec find_shared_operand(const OpMuxConn* seed, std::vector<const OpMuxCon
 
 	auto op_a = seed->op;
 
-	for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {ID(A), ID(B)}) {
+	for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {ID::A, ID::B}) {
 		oper = decode_port(op_a, port_name, &assign_map);
 		auto operand_users = operand_to_users.at(oper);
 
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, OpMuxConn> find_valid_op_mux_conns(RTLIL::Module *module, d
 	std::function<void(RTLIL::SigBit)> remove_outsig_from_aux_bit = [&](RTLIL::SigBit auxbit) {
 		auto aux_outsig = op_aux_to_outsig.at(auxbit);
 		auto op = outsig_to_operator.at(aux_outsig);
-		auto op_outsig = assign_map(op->getPort(ID(Y)));
+		auto op_outsig = assign_map(op->getPort(ID::Y));
 		remove_outsig(op_outsig);
 
 		for (auto aux_outbit : aux_outsig)
@@ -367,11 +367,11 @@ dict<RTLIL::SigSpec, OpMuxConn> find_valid_op_mux_conns(RTLIL::Module *module, d
 		int mux_port_size;
 
 		if (mux->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_))) {
-			mux_port_size = mux->getPort(ID(A)).size();
-			sig = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux->getPort(ID(B)), mux->getPort(ID(A))};
+			mux_port_size = mux->getPort(ID::A).size();
+			sig = RTLIL::SigSpec{mux->getPort(ID::B), mux->getPort(ID::A)};
 		} else {
-			mux_port_size = mux->getPort(ID(A)).size();
-			sig = mux->getPort(ID(B));
+			mux_port_size = mux->getPort(ID::A).size();
+			sig = mux->getPort(ID::B);
 		}
 
 		auto mux_insig = assign_map(sig);
@@ -510,12 +510,12 @@ struct OptSharePass : public Pass {
 					}
 				}
 
-				auto mux_insig = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID(Y)));
+				auto mux_insig = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 				outsig_to_operator[mux_insig] = cell;
 				for (auto outbit : mux_insig)
 					op_outbit_to_outsig[outbit] = mux_insig;
 
-				for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {ID(A), ID(B)}) {
+				for (RTLIL::IdString port_name : {ID::A, ID::B}) {
 					auto op_insig = decode_port(cell, port_name, &assign_map);
 					op_insigs.push_back(op_insig);
 					operand_to_users[op_insig].insert(cell);

From 7e010834ebaaf6e5c87bc29710feee78298bf369 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 10:41:18 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 122/197] Fix typo

---
 passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
index e766f2cf6..0242256e5 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/dff2dffe.cc
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ struct Dff2dffePass : public Pass {
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -unmap\n");
 		log("        operate in the opposite direction: replace $dffe cells with combinations\n");
-		log("        of $dff and $mux cells. the options below are ignore in unmap mode.\n");
+		log("        of $dff and $mux cells. the options below are ignored in unmap mode.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -unmap-mince N\n");
 		log("        Same as -unmap but only unmap $dffe where the clock enable port\n");

From 3f4886e7a3ff14578b9c6d614efd360478e5886e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2019 10:42:00 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 123/197] Fix typo

---
 frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc b/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
index ac9e31f70..06522939f 100644
--- a/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
+++ b/frontends/aiger/aigerparse.cc
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ void AigerReader::parse_xaiger(const dict<int,IdString> &box_lookup)
 				uint32_t poNum YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
 				log_debug("poNum = %u\n", poNum);
 				uint32_t boxNum = parse_xaiger_literal(f);
-				log_debug("boxNum = %u\n", poNum);
+				log_debug("boxNum = %u\n", boxNum);
 				for (unsigned i = 0; i < boxNum; i++) {
 					f.ignore(2*sizeof(uint32_t));
 					uint32_t boxUniqueId = parse_xaiger_literal(f);

From 6ffb910d12a93e64182b52a58e69386851f2d595 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2019 11:38:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 124/197] Add test case for real parameters

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 tests/simple/realexpr.v | 11 ++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/simple/realexpr.v b/tests/simple/realexpr.v
index 5b756e6be..74ed8faa5 100644
--- a/tests/simple/realexpr.v
+++ b/tests/simple/realexpr.v
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 module demo_001(y1, y2, y3, y4);
 	output [7:0] y1, y2, y3, y4;
 
@@ -22,3 +21,13 @@ module demo_002(y0, y1, y2, y3);
 	assign y3 = 1 ? -1 : 'd0;
 endmodule
 
+module demo_003(output A, B);
+	parameter real p = 0;
+	assign A = (p==1.0);
+	assign B = (p!="1.000000");
+endmodule
+
+module demo_004(output A, B, C, D);
+	demo_003 #(1.0) demo_real (A, B);
+	demo_003 #(1) demo_int (C, D);
+endmodule

From 193eae0c84860c65bd5dd135b7e59c0c11ea76b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2019 19:48:16 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 125/197] techmap -max_iter to apply to each module
 individually

---
 passes/techmap/techmap.cc | 10 ++++++----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
index b271c8781..a6c1214a7 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
@@ -943,7 +943,8 @@ struct TechmapPass : public Pass {
 		log("        instead of inlining them.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -max_iter <number>\n");
-		log("        only run the specified number of iterations.\n");
+		log("        only run the specified number of iterations for each module.\n");
+		log("        default: unlimited\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -recursive\n");
 		log("        instead of the iterative breadth-first algorithm use a recursive\n");
@@ -1157,15 +1158,16 @@ struct TechmapPass : public Pass {
 			RTLIL::Module *module = *worker.module_queue.begin();
 			worker.module_queue.erase(module);
 
+			int module_max_iter = max_iter;
 			bool did_something = true;
 			std::set<RTLIL::Cell*> handled_cells;
 			while (did_something) {
 				did_something = false;
-					if (worker.techmap_module(design, module, map, handled_cells, celltypeMap, false))
-						did_something = true;
+				if (worker.techmap_module(design, module, map, handled_cells, celltypeMap, false))
+					did_something = true;
 				if (did_something)
 					module->check();
-				if (max_iter > 0 && --max_iter == 0)
+				if (module_max_iter > 0 && --module_max_iter == 0)
 					break;
 			}
 		}

From fce8dc7db20d722646cea83ca841160d3d07445e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2019 20:05:16 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 126/197] Add test

---
 tests/techmap/recursive.v          | 8 ++++++++
 tests/techmap/recursive_map.v      | 4 ++++
 tests/techmap/recursive_runtest.sh | 3 +++
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/techmap/recursive.v
 create mode 100644 tests/techmap/recursive_map.v
 create mode 100644 tests/techmap/recursive_runtest.sh

diff --git a/tests/techmap/recursive.v b/tests/techmap/recursive.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d281b21d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/techmap/recursive.v
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+module top;
+sub s0();
+foo f0();
+endmodule
+
+module foo;
+sub s0();
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/techmap/recursive_map.v b/tests/techmap/recursive_map.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..934256552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/techmap/recursive_map.v
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+module sub;
+    sub _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ ();
+    bar f0();
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/techmap/recursive_runtest.sh b/tests/techmap/recursive_runtest.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30c79bf03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/techmap/recursive_runtest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+set -ev
+
+../../yosys -p 'hierarchy -top top; techmap -map recursive_map.v -max_iter 1; select -assert-count 2 t:sub; select -assert-count 2 t:bar' recursive.v

From fe61dcce8b70236b29691fa56c562d17497d3567 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2019 20:05:51 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 127/197] Grammar

---
 passes/techmap/techmap.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
index a6c1214a7..c4496f76f 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/techmap.cc
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ struct TechmapPass : public Pass {
 		log("        instead of inlining them.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -max_iter <number>\n");
-		log("        only run the specified number of iterations for each module.\n");
+		log("        only run the specified number of iterations on each module.\n");
 		log("        default: unlimited\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -recursive\n");

From 9b9d75945194f98e08b46e8e506832542ebf73ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2019 20:18:51 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 128/197] Fix copy-paste typo

---
 passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
index 790811d4c..382a1b4ad 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ $(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h))
 
 OBJS += passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.o
 passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry.o: passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry_pm.h
-$(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/test_pmgen_pm.h))
+$(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/ice40_wrapcarry_pm.h))
 
 # --------------------------------------
 

From 076af2e6176ecc440be7b7fa984ea5b461bb95de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2019 20:37:52 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 129/197] Missing newline

---
 techlibs/common/synth.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/common/synth.cc b/techlibs/common/synth.cc
index 555de9fba..a176357a7 100644
--- a/techlibs/common/synth.cc
+++ b/techlibs/common/synth.cc
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ struct SynthPass : public ScriptPass
 			log_cmd_error("This command only operates on fully selected designs!\n");
 
 		if (abc == "abc9" && !lut)
-			log_cmd_error("ABC9 flow only supported for FPGA synthesis (using '-lut' option)");
+			log_cmd_error("ABC9 flow only supported for FPGA synthesis (using '-lut' option)\n");
 
 		log_header(design, "Executing SYNTH pass.\n");
 		log_push();

From 948b6f91a140dafa4bd47177769eb4974d08f203 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2019 17:00:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 130/197] Fix test_pmgen deps

---
 passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
index 382a1b4ad..8e0cbdca8 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/Makefile.inc
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # --------------------------------------
 
 OBJS += passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.o
-passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.o: passes/pmgen/test_pmgen_pm.h
+passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.o: passes/pmgen/test_pmgen_pm.h passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp_pm.h passes/pmgen/peepopt_pm.h
 $(eval $(call add_extra_objs,passes/pmgen/test_pmgen_pm.h))
 
 # --------------------------------------

From a6776ee35ee5404ca7d5b63fd2daccc46354112c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2019 13:36:01 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 131/197] mem2reg to preserve user attributes and src

---
 frontends/ast/simplify.cc |  4 ++++
 tests/various/mem2reg.ys  | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/various/mem2reg.ys

diff --git a/frontends/ast/simplify.cc b/frontends/ast/simplify.cc
index 54b9efaad..8493aa513 100644
--- a/frontends/ast/simplify.cc
+++ b/frontends/ast/simplify.cc
@@ -150,6 +150,10 @@ bool AstNode::simplify(bool const_fold, bool at_zero, bool in_lvalue, int stage,
 					reg->str = stringf("%s[%d]", node->str.c_str(), i);
 					reg->is_reg = true;
 					reg->is_signed = node->is_signed;
+					for (auto &it : node->attributes)
+						reg->attributes.emplace(it.first, it.second->clone());
+					reg->filename = node->filename;
+					reg->linenum = node->linenum;
 					children.push_back(reg);
 					while (reg->simplify(true, false, false, 1, -1, false, false)) { }
 				}
diff --git a/tests/various/mem2reg.ys b/tests/various/mem2reg.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00389c700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/various/mem2reg.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+read_verilog <<EOT
+module top;
+parameter DATADEPTH=2;
+parameter DATAWIDTH=1;
+(* keep, nomem2reg *) reg [DATAWIDTH-1:0] data1 [DATADEPTH-1:0];
+(* keep, mem2reg *) reg [DATAWIDTH-1:0] data2 [DATADEPTH-1:0];
+endmodule
+EOT
+
+proc
+cd top
+select -assert-count 1 m:data1 a:src=<<EOT:4 %i
+select -assert-count 2 w:data2[*] a:src=<<EOT:5 %i

From d3a212ff91de5e4f082f2c133becd4338661ac16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2019 19:18:05 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 132/197] opt_expr to trim A port of $shiftx if Y_WIDTH == 1

---
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index 858b3560c..b56ce252f 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -745,6 +745,23 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 		}
 
+		if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && cell->getPort(ID::Y).size() == 1) {
+			SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+			int width;
+			for (width = GetSize(sig_a); width > 1; width--) {
+				if (sig_a[width-1] != State::Sx)
+					break;
+			}
+
+			if (width < GetSize(sig_a)) {
+				sig_a.remove(width, GetSize(sig_a)-width);
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+				cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), width);
+				did_something = true;
+				goto next_cell;
+			}
+		}
+
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) && cell->getPort(ID::Y).size() == 1 &&
 				invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A))) != 0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.invert.double", "$_NOT_", "$not", "$logic_not", cell->type.str());

From bb1a8a019030022e8e5ad794691497c725ec86b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2019 21:58:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 133/197] Add test

---
 tests/opt/opt_expr.ys | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys b/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
index f0306efa1..4affc1ac8 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
@@ -221,3 +221,17 @@ check
 equiv_opt opt_expr -fine
 design -load postopt
 select -assert-count 1 t:$alu r:A_WIDTH=8 r:B_WIDTH=8 r:Y_WIDTH=9 %i %i %i
+
+###########
+
+design -reset
+read_verilog -icells <<EOT
+module opt_expr_shiftx(input [2:0] a, input [1:0] b, output y);
+    \$shiftx #(.A_SIGNED(0), .B_SIGNED(0), .A_WIDTH(4), .B_WIDTH(2), .Y_WIDTH(1)) shiftx (.A({1'bx,a}), .B(b), .Y(y));
+endmodule
+EOT
+check
+
+equiv_opt opt_expr
+design -load postopt
+select -assert-count 1 t:$shiftx r:A_WIDTH=3 %i

From d0ffe7544cd3c808857f3a99bbf330de61c618f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:05:01 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 134/197] Canonical form

---
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index b56ce252f..7fdfa82bd 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		if (design->selected(module, cell) && cell->type[0] == '$') {
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) &&
-					cell->getPort(ID::A).size() == 1 && cell->getPort(ID::Y).size() == 1)
+					GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A)) == 1 && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == 1)
 				invert_map[assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::Y))] = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($_MUX_)) &&
 					cell->getPort(ID::A) == SigSpec(State::S1) && cell->getPort(ID::B) == SigSpec(State::S0))
@@ -740,12 +740,12 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($reduce_xor), ID($reduce_xnor), ID($lt), ID($le), ID($ge), ID($gt)))
 					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID::Y, RTLIL::State::Sx);
 				else
-					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx, cell->getPort(ID::Y).size()));
+					replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "x-bit in input", ID::Y, RTLIL::SigSpec(RTLIL::State::Sx, GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y))));
 				goto next_cell;
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && cell->getPort(ID::Y).size() == 1) {
+		if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == 1) {
 			SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			int width;
 			for (width = GetSize(sig_a); width > 1; width--) {
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) && cell->getPort(ID::Y).size() == 1 &&
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($_NOT_), ID($not), ID($logic_not)) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == 1 &&
 				invert_map.count(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A))) != 0) {
 			cover_list("opt.opt_expr.invert.double", "$_NOT_", "$not", "$logic_not", cell->type.str());
 			replace_cell(assign_map, module, cell, "double_invert", ID::Y, invert_map.at(assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A))));
@@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 
 		if (mux_undef && cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux))) {
 			RTLIL::SigSpec new_a, new_b, new_s;
-			int width = cell->getPort(ID::A).size();
+			int width = GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			if ((cell->getPort(ID::A).is_fully_undef() && cell->getPort(ID::B).is_fully_undef()) ||
 					cell->getPort(ID(S)).is_fully_undef()) {
 				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.mux_undef", "$mux", "$pmux", cell->type.str());

From 9e31f01b343a9b246430419e81da647e75bd1626 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:06:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 135/197] Add cover()

---
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index 7fdfa82bd..aca15e5f2 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -754,6 +754,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 
 			if (width < GetSize(sig_a)) {
+				cover("opt.opt_expr.trim_shiftx");
 				sig_a.remove(width, GetSize(sig_a)-width);
 				cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 				cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), width);

From 379f33af5489850ef8e2e58ef12ff5b22da87711 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:22:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 136/197] Handle $shift and Y_WIDTH > 1 as per @cliffordwolf

---
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc | 12 ++++++++----
 tests/opt/opt_expr.ys  | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index aca15e5f2..c4da613ab 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -745,16 +745,20 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($shiftx) && GetSize(cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == 1) {
+		if (cell->type.in(ID($shiftx), ID($shift))) {
 			SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			int width;
+			bool trim_x = true;
+			bool trim_0 = cell->type == ID($shift);
 			for (width = GetSize(sig_a); width > 1; width--) {
-				if (sig_a[width-1] != State::Sx)
-					break;
+				if ((trim_x && sig_a[width-1] == State::Sx) ||
+					(trim_0 && sig_a[width-1] == State::S0))
+					continue;
+				break;
 			}
 
 			if (width < GetSize(sig_a)) {
-				cover("opt.opt_expr.trim_shiftx");
+				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.xbit", "$shiftx", "$shift", cell->type.str());
 				sig_a.remove(width, GetSize(sig_a)-width);
 				cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 				cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), width);
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys b/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
index 4affc1ac8..02be20a62 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ select -assert-count 1 t:$alu r:A_WIDTH=8 r:B_WIDTH=8 r:Y_WIDTH=9 %i %i %i
 
 design -reset
 read_verilog -icells <<EOT
-module opt_expr_shiftx(input [2:0] a, input [1:0] b, output y);
+module opt_expr_shiftx_1bit(input [2:0] a, input [1:0] b, output y);
     \$shiftx #(.A_SIGNED(0), .B_SIGNED(0), .A_WIDTH(4), .B_WIDTH(2), .Y_WIDTH(1)) shiftx (.A({1'bx,a}), .B(b), .Y(y));
 endmodule
 EOT
@@ -235,3 +235,45 @@ check
 equiv_opt opt_expr
 design -load postopt
 select -assert-count 1 t:$shiftx r:A_WIDTH=3 %i
+
+###########
+
+design -reset
+read_verilog -icells <<EOT
+module opt_expr_shiftx_3bit(input [9:0] a, input [3:0] b, output [2:0] y);
+    \$shiftx #(.A_SIGNED(0), .B_SIGNED(0), .A_WIDTH(14), .B_WIDTH(4), .Y_WIDTH(3)) shiftx (.A({4'bxx00,a}), .B(b), .Y(y));
+endmodule
+EOT
+check
+
+equiv_opt opt_expr
+design -load postopt
+select -assert-count 1 t:$shiftx r:A_WIDTH=12 %i
+
+###########
+
+design -reset
+read_verilog -icells <<EOT
+module opt_expr_shift_1bit(input [2:0] a, input [1:0] b, output y);
+    \$shift #(.A_SIGNED(0), .B_SIGNED(0), .A_WIDTH(4), .B_WIDTH(2), .Y_WIDTH(1)) shift (.A({1'b0,a}), .B(b), .Y(y));
+endmodule
+EOT
+check
+
+equiv_opt opt_expr
+design -load postopt
+select -assert-count 1 t:$shift r:A_WIDTH=3 %i
+
+###########
+
+design -reset
+read_verilog -icells <<EOT
+module opt_expr_shift_3bit(input [9:0] a, input [3:0] b, output [2:0] y);
+    \$shift #(.A_SIGNED(0), .B_SIGNED(0), .A_WIDTH(14), .B_WIDTH(4), .Y_WIDTH(3)) shift (.A({4'b0x0x,a}), .B(b), .Y(y));
+endmodule
+EOT
+check
+
+equiv_opt opt_expr
+design -load postopt
+select -assert-count 1 t:$shift r:A_WIDTH=10 %i

From 6f971470f83b8e4ed29232be4b6cb5da89d50dc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:37:27 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 137/197] Respect opt_expr -keepdc as per @cliffordwolf

---
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc |  2 +-
 tests/opt/opt_expr.ys  | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index c4da613ab..73f48317a 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 		if (cell->type.in(ID($shiftx), ID($shift))) {
 			SigSpec sig_a = assign_map(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 			int width;
-			bool trim_x = true;
+			bool trim_x = cell->type == ID($shiftx) || !keepdc;
 			bool trim_0 = cell->type == ID($shift);
 			for (width = GetSize(sig_a); width > 1; width--) {
 				if ((trim_x && sig_a[width-1] == State::Sx) ||
diff --git a/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys b/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
index 02be20a62..ecc2c8da8 100644
--- a/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
+++ b/tests/opt/opt_expr.ys
@@ -277,3 +277,17 @@ check
 equiv_opt opt_expr
 design -load postopt
 select -assert-count 1 t:$shift r:A_WIDTH=10 %i
+
+###########
+
+design -reset
+read_verilog -icells <<EOT
+module opt_expr_shift_3bit_keepdc(input [9:0] a, input [3:0] b, output [2:0] y);
+    \$shift #(.A_SIGNED(0), .B_SIGNED(0), .A_WIDTH(14), .B_WIDTH(4), .Y_WIDTH(3)) shift (.A({4'b0x0x,a}), .B(b), .Y(y));
+endmodule
+EOT
+check
+
+equiv_opt opt_expr -keepdc
+design -load postopt
+select -assert-count 1 t:$shift r:A_WIDTH=13 %i

From d0322e958427bd75d9c842c01b5aacb89df33cb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chris Shucksmith <chris@bitmex.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 16:37:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 138/197] require tcl-tk in Brewfile

---
 Brewfile | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/Brewfile b/Brewfile
index 0c58ce161..4ffe50e86 100644
--- a/Brewfile
+++ b/Brewfile
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ brew "git"
 brew "graphviz"
 brew "pkg-config"
 brew "python3"
+brew "tcl-tk"

From 9245f0d3f564644290b6650b3f8f642789062e9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 08:43:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 139/197] Copy-paste typo

---
 passes/opt/opt_expr.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
index 73f48317a..00d7d6063 100644
--- a/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
+++ b/passes/opt/opt_expr.cc
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ void replace_const_cells(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, bool cons
 			}
 
 			if (width < GetSize(sig_a)) {
-				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.xbit", "$shiftx", "$shift", cell->type.str());
+				cover_list("opt.opt_expr.trim", "$shiftx", "$shift", cell->type.str());
 				sig_a.remove(width, GetSize(sig_a)-width);
 				cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
 				cell->setParam(ID(A_WIDTH), width);

From 4c449caf9bb7a855b8e61cb96f99f59141ea6ef5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 18:06:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 140/197] Fix missing newline at end of file

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
index f1ce58276..5013f7fc1 100644
--- a/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/efinix/Makefile.inc
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/arith_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/cells_sim.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/brams_map.v))
-$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/bram.txt))
\ No newline at end of file
+$(eval $(call add_share_file,share/efinix,techlibs/efinix/bram.txt))

From 151db528e44fd12f3c31561df3bb37c12dca48ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 18:09:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 141/197] Fix missing newline at end of file

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v b/techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v
index d783b0212..1186543da 100644
--- a/techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/anlogic/arith_map.v
@@ -81,4 +81,4 @@ module _80_anlogic_alu (A, B, CI, BI, X, Y, CO);
 
    /* End implementation */
    assign X = AA ^ BB;
-endmodule
\ No newline at end of file
+endmodule

From e9f3eb97607bc49b6bb77229f1fad9796aea1483 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 18:43:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 142/197] Bump year in copyright notice

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 COPYING         | 2 +-
 README.md       | 2 +-
 kernel/yosys.cc | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
index a121cdfe9..0839088c3 100644
--- a/COPYING
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (C) 2012 - 2018  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+Copyright (C) 2012 - 2019  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
 
 Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 56f428548..a31bd6c37 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ```
 yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
 
-Copyright (C) 2012 - 2018  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+Copyright (C) 2012 - 2019  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
 
 Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
diff --git a/kernel/yosys.cc b/kernel/yosys.cc
index 747f2d739..5018a4888 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.cc
+++ b/kernel/yosys.cc
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ void yosys_banner()
 	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
 	log(" |  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite                                       |\n");
 	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
-	log(" |  Copyright (C) 2012 - 2018  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>           |\n");
+	log(" |  Copyright (C) 2012 - 2019  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>           |\n");
 	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
 	log(" |  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any  |\n");
 	log(" |  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above    |\n");

From 5e0f6c9ae58a91e7ef631ee67dd494e22fd784f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 18:43:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 143/197] Bump year in copyright notice

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 COPYING         | 2 +-
 README.md       | 2 +-
 kernel/yosys.cc | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
index a121cdfe9..0839088c3 100644
--- a/COPYING
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (C) 2012 - 2018  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+Copyright (C) 2012 - 2019  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
 
 Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 42f972c8e..83167bfee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ```
 yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
 
-Copyright (C) 2012 - 2018  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+Copyright (C) 2012 - 2019  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
 
 Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
diff --git a/kernel/yosys.cc b/kernel/yosys.cc
index 94d6d675f..69a141768 100644
--- a/kernel/yosys.cc
+++ b/kernel/yosys.cc
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ void yosys_banner()
 	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
 	log(" |  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite                                       |\n");
 	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
-	log(" |  Copyright (C) 2012 - 2018  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>           |\n");
+	log(" |  Copyright (C) 2012 - 2019  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>           |\n");
 	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
 	log(" |  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any  |\n");
 	log(" |  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above    |\n");

From e5dac8096d92f526476f2d0b02def2298e6f5bbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 20:43:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 144/197] do not require boost if pyosys is not used

---
 Makefile | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 666223076..a742f2e50 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -91,8 +91,10 @@ PLUGIN_LDFLAGS += -undefined dynamic_lookup
 ifneq ($(shell which brew),)
 BREW_PREFIX := $(shell brew --prefix)/opt
 $(info $$BREW_PREFIX is [${BREW_PREFIX}])
+ifeq ($(ENABLE_PYOSYS),1)
 CXXFLAGS += -I$(BREW_PREFIX)/boost/include/boost
 LDFLAGS += -L$(BREW_PREFIX)/boost/lib
+endif
 CXXFLAGS += -I$(BREW_PREFIX)/readline/include
 LDFLAGS += -L$(BREW_PREFIX)/readline/lib
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH := $(BREW_PREFIX)/libffi/lib/pkgconfig:$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH)

From 68e673d687e18ec8e18555cda0a0d83ca2afc84d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chris Shucksmith <chris@bitmex.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 16:37:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 145/197] require tcl-tk in Brewfile

---
 Brewfile | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/Brewfile b/Brewfile
index 0c58ce161..4ffe50e86 100644
--- a/Brewfile
+++ b/Brewfile
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ brew "git"
 brew "graphviz"
 brew "pkg-config"
 brew "python3"
+brew "tcl-tk"

From 7fafaa896dc16e83347ab33cc649da1f8e8033b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 20:43:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 146/197] do not require boost if pyosys is not used

---
 Makefile | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 89155fae8..21f1c5f46 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -90,8 +90,10 @@ PLUGIN_LDFLAGS += -undefined dynamic_lookup
 ifneq ($(shell which brew),)
 BREW_PREFIX := $(shell brew --prefix)/opt
 $(info $$BREW_PREFIX is [${BREW_PREFIX}])
+ifeq ($(ENABLE_PYOSYS),1)
 CXXFLAGS += -I$(BREW_PREFIX)/boost/include/boost
 LDFLAGS += -L$(BREW_PREFIX)/boost/lib
+endif
 CXXFLAGS += -I$(BREW_PREFIX)/readline/include
 LDFLAGS += -L$(BREW_PREFIX)/readline/lib
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH := $(BREW_PREFIX)/libffi/lib/pkgconfig:$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH)

From c50d68653d093a8daa47f589836e6178be82b54f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 14:20:03 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 147/197] Spelling

---
 passes/equiv/equiv_make.cc | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/equiv/equiv_make.cc b/passes/equiv/equiv_make.cc
index dbd8682e6..4855ce29e 100644
--- a/passes/equiv/equiv_make.cc
+++ b/passes/equiv/equiv_make.cc
@@ -532,10 +532,10 @@ struct EquivMakePass : public Pass {
 			log_cmd_error("Equiv module %s already exists.\n", args[argidx+2].c_str());
 
 		if (worker.gold_mod->has_memories() || worker.gold_mod->has_processes())
-			log_cmd_error("Gold module contains memories or procresses. Run 'memory' or 'proc' respectively.\n");
+			log_cmd_error("Gold module contains memories or processes. Run 'memory' or 'proc' respectively.\n");
 
 		if (worker.gate_mod->has_memories() || worker.gate_mod->has_processes())
-			log_cmd_error("Gate module contains memories or procresses. Run 'memory' or 'proc' respectively.\n");
+			log_cmd_error("Gate module contains memories or processes. Run 'memory' or 'proc' respectively.\n");
 
 		worker.read_blacklists();
 		worker.read_encfiles();

From 51ffb093b5beeb5e2c687d2bf34b13d246f3fc7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 16:42:19 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 148/197] In sat: 'x' in init attr should not override constant

---
 passes/sat/sat.cc    | 2 ++
 tests/sat/initval.v  | 4 ++++
 tests/sat/initval.ys | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/sat/sat.cc b/passes/sat/sat.cc
index dd56d8c71..bcc690fa3 100644
--- a/passes/sat/sat.cc
+++ b/passes/sat/sat.cc
@@ -268,6 +268,8 @@ struct SatHelper
 				RTLIL::SigSpec removed_bits;
 				for (int i = 0; i < lhs.size(); i++) {
 					RTLIL::SigSpec bit = lhs.extract(i, 1);
+					if (bit.is_fully_const() && rhs[i] == State::Sx)
+						rhs[i] = bit;
 					if (!satgen.initial_state.check_all(bit)) {
 						removed_bits.append(bit);
 						lhs.remove(i, 1);
diff --git a/tests/sat/initval.v b/tests/sat/initval.v
index 5b661f8d6..d46ccae48 100644
--- a/tests/sat/initval.v
+++ b/tests/sat/initval.v
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 module test(input clk, input [3:0] bar, output [3:0] foo);
   reg [3:0] foo = 0;
   reg [3:0] last_bar = 0;
+  reg [3:0] asdf = 4'b1xxx;
 
   always @*
     foo[1:0] <= bar[1:0];
@@ -11,5 +12,8 @@ module test(input clk, input [3:0] bar, output [3:0] foo);
   always @(posedge clk)
     last_bar <= bar;
 
+  always @*
+    asdf[2:0] <= 3'b111;
+
   assert property (foo == {last_bar[3:2], bar[1:0]});
 endmodule
diff --git a/tests/sat/initval.ys b/tests/sat/initval.ys
index 2079d2f34..3d88aa971 100644
--- a/tests/sat/initval.ys
+++ b/tests/sat/initval.ys
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 read_verilog -sv initval.v
-proc;;
+proc;
 
 sat -seq 10 -prove-asserts

From fe1b2337fd7950e1d563be5b8ccbaa81688261e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2019 16:57:59 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 149/197] Do not propagate mem2reg attribute through to result

---
 frontends/ast/simplify.cc | 3 ++-
 tests/various/mem2reg.ys  | 1 +
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/frontends/ast/simplify.cc b/frontends/ast/simplify.cc
index 8493aa513..86dd80c65 100644
--- a/frontends/ast/simplify.cc
+++ b/frontends/ast/simplify.cc
@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@ bool AstNode::simplify(bool const_fold, bool at_zero, bool in_lvalue, int stage,
 					reg->is_reg = true;
 					reg->is_signed = node->is_signed;
 					for (auto &it : node->attributes)
-						reg->attributes.emplace(it.first, it.second->clone());
+						if (it.first != ID(mem2reg))
+							reg->attributes.emplace(it.first, it.second->clone());
 					reg->filename = node->filename;
 					reg->linenum = node->linenum;
 					children.push_back(reg);
diff --git a/tests/various/mem2reg.ys b/tests/various/mem2reg.ys
index 00389c700..85d6267c5 100644
--- a/tests/various/mem2reg.ys
+++ b/tests/various/mem2reg.ys
@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ proc
 cd top
 select -assert-count 1 m:data1 a:src=<<EOT:4 %i
 select -assert-count 2 w:data2[*] a:src=<<EOT:5 %i
+select -assert-none a:mem2reg

From c618ae43b9e8121690c2842622074a95a12c9fe5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 10:37:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 150/197] Make macOS depenency clear

---
 README.md | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a31bd6c37..606c4942e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -69,11 +69,14 @@ prerequisites for building yosys:
 		graphviz xdot pkg-config python3 libboost-system-dev \
 		libboost-python-dev libboost-filesystem-dev zlib1g-dev
 
-Similarily, on Mac OS X MacPorts or Homebrew can be used to install dependencies:
+Similarily, on Mac OS X Homebrew can be used to install dependencies:
 
 	$ brew tap Homebrew/bundle && brew bundle
+
+or MacPorts:
+
 	$ sudo port install bison flex readline gawk libffi \
-		git graphviz pkgconfig python36 boost zlib
+		git graphviz pkgconfig python36 boost zlib tcl
 
 On FreeBSD use the following command to install all prerequisites:
 

From adb81ba3861d66a94f237fd29a67b8978980cd37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 16:15:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 151/197] Add pmgen slices and choices

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 CHANGELOG                   |   1 +
 passes/pmgen/README.md      |  48 ++++++++++++++-
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py       | 116 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc  |  53 +++++++++++++++-
 passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg |  87 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 5 files changed, 277 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index ca42df71e..dd94c76ed 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Added "opt_share" pass, run as part of "opt -full"
     - Added "ice40_wrapcarry" to encapsulate SB_LUT+SB_CARRY pairs for techmapping
     - Removed "ice40_unlut"
+    - Improvements in pmgen: slices, choices, define, generate
 
 Yosys 0.8 .. Yosys 0.8-dev
 --------------------------
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/README.md b/passes/pmgen/README.md
index 5f6a8ab1b..27ed77091 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/README.md
+++ b/passes/pmgen/README.md
@@ -178,6 +178,45 @@ evaluates to `false`.
 The `semioptional` statement marks matches that must match if at least one
 matching cell exists, but if no matching cell exists it is set to `nullptr`.
 
+Slices and choices
+------------------
+
+Cell matches can contain "slices" and "choices". Slices can be used to
+create matches for different sections of a cell. For example:
+
+    state <int> pmux_slice
+
+    match pmux
+        select pmux->type == $pmux
+        slice idx GetSize(port(pmux, \S))
+        index <SigBit> port(pmux, \S)[idx] === port(eq, \Y)
+	set pmux_slice idx
+    endmatch
+
+The first argument to `slice` is the local variable name used to identify the
+slice. The second argument is the number of slices that should be created for
+this cell. The `set` statement can be used to copy that index indo a state
+variable so that later matches and/or code blocks can refer to it.
+
+A similar mechanism is "choices", where a list of options is given as
+second argument, and the matcher will iterate over those options:
+
+    state <SigSpec> foo bar
+    state <IdString> eq_ab eq_ba
+
+    match eq
+        select eq->type == $eq
+        choice <IdString> AB {\A, \B}
+        define <IdString> BA (AB == \A ? \B : \A)
+        index <SigSpec> port(eq, AB) === foo
+        index <SigSpec> port(eq, BA) === bar
+        set eq_ab AB
+        set eq_ba BA
+    generate
+
+Notice how `define` can be used to define additional local variables similar
+to the loop variables defined by `slice` and `choice`.
+
 Additional code
 ---------------
 
@@ -326,7 +365,7 @@ test-case generation. For example:
 
     match mul
         ...
-    generate 10
+    generate 10 0
         SigSpec Y = port(ff, \D);
         SigSpec A = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(Y) - rng(GetSize(Y)/2));
         SigSpec B = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(Y) - rng(GetSize(Y)/2));
@@ -335,8 +374,11 @@ test-case generation. For example:
 
 The expression `rng(n)` returns a non-negative integer less than `n`.
 
-The argument to `generate` is the chance of this generate block being executed
-when the match block did not match anything, in percent.
+The first argument to `generate` is the chance of this generate block being
+executed when the match block did not match anything, in percent.
+
+The second argument to `generate` is the chance of this generate block being
+executed when the match block did match something, in percent.
 
 The special statement `finish` can be used within generate blocks to terminate
 the current pattern matcher run.
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index 18c3bf5a5..c2621393d 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -207,9 +207,10 @@ def process_pmgfile(f, filename):
             state_types[current_pattern][line[1]] = "Cell*";
 
             block["if"] = list()
-            block["select"] = list()
+            block["setup"] = list()
             block["index"] = list()
             block["filter"] = list()
+            block["sets"] = list()
             block["optional"] = False
             block["semioptional"] = False
 
@@ -228,7 +229,22 @@ def process_pmgfile(f, filename):
 
                 if a[0] == "select":
                     b = l.lstrip()[6:]
-                    block["select"].append(rewrite_cpp(b.strip()))
+                    block["setup"].append(("select", rewrite_cpp(b.strip())))
+                    continue
+
+                if a[0] == "slice":
+                    m = re.match(r"^\s*slice\s+(\S+)\s+(.*?)\s*$", l)
+                    block["setup"].append(("slice", m.group(1), rewrite_cpp(m.group(2))))
+                    continue
+
+                if a[0] == "choice":
+                    m = re.match(r"^\s*choice\s+<(.*?)>\s+(\S+)\s+(.*?)\s*$", l)
+                    block["setup"].append(("choice", m.group(1), m.group(2), rewrite_cpp(m.group(3))))
+                    continue
+
+                if a[0] == "define":
+                    m = re.match(r"^\s*define\s+<(.*?)>\s+(\S+)\s+(.*?)\s*$", l)
+                    block["setup"].append(("define", m.group(1), m.group(2), rewrite_cpp(m.group(3))))
                     continue
 
                 if a[0] == "index":
@@ -242,6 +258,11 @@ def process_pmgfile(f, filename):
                     block["filter"].append(rewrite_cpp(b.strip()))
                     continue
 
+                if a[0] == "set":
+                    m = re.match(r"^\s*set\s+(\S+)\s+(.*?)\s*$", l)
+                    block["sets"].append((m.group(1), rewrite_cpp(m.group(2))))
+                    continue
+
                 if a[0] == "optional":
                     block["optional"] = True
                     continue
@@ -252,14 +273,16 @@ def process_pmgfile(f, filename):
 
                 if a[0] == "generate":
                     block["genargs"] = list([int(s) for s in a[1:]])
+                    if len(block["genargs"]) == 0: block["genargs"].append(100)
+                    if len(block["genargs"]) == 1: block["genargs"].append(0)
+                    assert len(block["genargs"]) == 2
                     block["gencode"] = list()
-                    assert len(block["genargs"]) < 2
                     while True:
                         linenr += 1
                         l = f.readline()
                         assert l != ""
                         a = l.split()
-                        if a[0] == "endmatch": break
+                        if len(a) == 1 and a[0] == "endmatch": break
                         block["gencode"].append(rewrite_cpp(l.rstrip()))
                     break
 
@@ -357,8 +380,17 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             index_types = list()
             for entry in block["index"]:
                 index_types.append(entry[0])
+            value_types = ["Cell*"]
+            for entry in block["setup"]:
+                if entry[0] == "slice":
+                    value_types.append("int")
+                if entry[0] == "choice":
+                    value_types.append(entry[1])
+                if entry[0] == "define":
+                    value_types.append(entry[1])
             print("  typedef std::tuple<{}> index_{}_key_type;".format(", ".join(index_types), index), file=f)
-            print("  dict<index_{}_key_type, vector<Cell*>> index_{};".format(index, index), file=f)
+            print("  typedef std::tuple<{}> index_{}_value_type;".format(", ".join(value_types), index), file=f)
+            print("  dict<index_{}_key_type, vector<index_{}_value_type>> index_{};".format(index, index, index), file=f)
     print("  dict<SigBit, pool<Cell*>> sigusers;", file=f)
     print("  pool<Cell*> blacklist_cells;", file=f)
     print("  pool<Cell*> autoremove_cells;", file=f)
@@ -457,12 +489,34 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         if block["type"] == "match":
             print("      do {", file=f)
             print("        Cell *{} = cell;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
-            for expr in block["select"]:
-                print("        if (!({})) break;".format(expr), file=f)
+            print("        index_{}_value_type value;".format(index), file=f)
+            print("        std::get<0>(value) = cell;", file=f)
+            loopcnt = 0
+            valueidx = 1
+            for item in block["setup"]:
+                if item[0] == "select":
+                    print("        if (!({})) continue;".format(item[1]), file=f)
+                if item[0] == "slice":
+                    print("        int &{} = std::get<{}>(value);".format(item[1], valueidx), file=f)
+                    print("        for ({} = 0; {} < {}; {}++) {{".format(item[1], item[1], item[2], item[1]), file=f)
+                    valueidx += 1
+                    loopcnt += 1
+                if item[0] == "choice":
+                    print("        vector<{}> _pmg_choices_{} = {};".format(item[1], item[2], item[3]), file=f)
+                    print("        for (const {} &{} : _pmg_choices_{}) {{".format(item[1], item[2], item[2]), file=f)
+                    print("        std::get<{}>(value) = {};".format(valueidx, item[2]), file=f)
+                    valueidx += 1
+                    loopcnt += 1
+                if item[0] == "define":
+                    print("        {} &{} = std::get<{}>(value);".format(item[1], item[2], valueidx), file=f)
+                    print("        {} = {};".format(item[2], item[3]), file=f)
+                    valueidx += 1
             print("        index_{}_key_type key;".format(index), file=f)
             for field, entry in enumerate(block["index"]):
                 print("        std::get<{}>(key) = {};".format(field, entry[1]), file=f)
-            print("        index_{}[key].push_back(cell);".format(index), file=f)
+            print("        index_{}[key].push_back(value);".format(index), file=f)
+            for i in range(loopcnt):
+                print("        }", file=f)
             print("      } while (0);", file=f)
 
     print("    }", file=f)
@@ -535,6 +589,8 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                     const_st.add(s)
             elif blocks[i]["type"] == "match":
                 const_st.add(blocks[i]["cell"])
+                for item in blocks[i]["sets"]:
+                    const_st.add(item[0])
             else:
                 assert False
 
@@ -548,6 +604,10 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             s = block["cell"]
             assert s not in const_st
             nonconst_st.add(s)
+            for item in block["sets"]:
+                if item[0] in const_st:
+                    const_st.remove(item[0])
+                nonconst_st.add(item[0])
         else:
             assert False
 
@@ -570,7 +630,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             print("", file=f)
             for s in sorted(restore_st):
                 t = state_types[current_pattern][s]
-                print("    {} backup_{} = {};".format(t, s, s), file=f)
+                print("    {} _pmg_backup_{} = {};".format(t, s, s), file=f)
 
         if block["type"] == "code":
             print("", file=f)
@@ -610,7 +670,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                 print("", file=f)
                 for s in sorted(restore_st):
                     t = state_types[current_pattern][s]
-                    print("    {} = backup_{};".format(s, s), file=f)
+                    print("    {} = _pmg_backup_{};".format(s, s), file=f)
                 for s in sorted(nonconst_st):
                     if s not in restore_st:
                         t = state_types[current_pattern][s]
@@ -622,7 +682,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
         elif block["type"] == "match":
             assert len(restore_st) == 0
 
-            print("    Cell* backup_{} = {};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
+            print("    Cell* _pmg_backup_{} = {};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
 
             if len(block["if"]):
                 for expr in block["if"]:
@@ -630,7 +690,7 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
                     print("    if (!({})) {{".format(expr), file=f)
                     print("      {} = nullptr;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
                     print("      block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
-                    print("      {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
+                    print("      {} = _pmg_backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
                     print("      return;", file=f)
                     print("    }", file=f)
 
@@ -645,21 +705,37 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
 
             print("", file=f)
             print("    if (cells_ptr != index_{}.end()) {{".format(index), file=f)
-            print("      const vector<Cell*> &cells = cells_ptr->second;".format(index), file=f)
-            print("      for (int idx = 0; idx < GetSize(cells); idx++) {", file=f)
-            print("        {} = cells[idx];".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
+            print("      const vector<index_{}_value_type> &cells = cells_ptr->second;".format(index), file=f)
+            print("      for (int _pmg_idx = 0; _pmg_idx < GetSize(cells); _pmg_idx++) {", file=f)
+            print("        {} = std::get<0>(cells[_pmg_idx]);".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
+            valueidx = 1
+            for item in block["setup"]:
+                if item[0] == "slice":
+                    print("        const int &{} YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = std::get<{}>(cells[_pmg_idx]);".format(item[1], valueidx), file=f)
+                    valueidx += 1
+                if item[0] == "choice":
+                    print("        const {} &{} YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = std::get<{}>(cells[_pmg_idx]);".format(item[1], item[2], valueidx), file=f)
+                    valueidx += 1
+                if item[0] == "define":
+                    print("        const {} &{} YS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) = std::get<{}>(cells[_pmg_idx]);".format(item[1], item[2], valueidx), file=f)
+                    valueidx += 1
             print("        if (blacklist_cells.count({})) continue;".format(block["cell"]), file=f)
             for expr in block["filter"]:
                 print("        if (!({})) continue;".format(expr), file=f)
             if block["semioptional"] or block["genargs"] is not None:
                 print("        found_any_match = true;", file=f)
-            print("        auto rollback_ptr = rollback_cache.insert(make_pair(cells[idx], recursion));", file=f)
+            for item in block["sets"]:
+                print("        auto _pmg_backup_{} = {};".format(item[0], item[0]), file=f)
+                print("        {} = {};".format(item[0], item[1]), file=f)
+            print("        auto rollback_ptr = rollback_cache.insert(make_pair(std::get<0>(cells[_pmg_idx]), recursion));", file=f)
             print("        block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
+            for item in block["sets"]:
+                print("        {} = _pmg_backup_{};".format(item[0], item[0]), file=f)
             print("        if (rollback_ptr.second)", file=f)
             print("          rollback_cache.erase(rollback_ptr.first);", file=f)
             print("        if (rollback) {", file=f)
             print("          if (rollback != recursion) {{".format(index+1), file=f)
-            print("            {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
+            print("            {} = _pmg_backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
             print("            return;", file=f)
             print("          }", file=f)
             print("          rollback = 0;", file=f)
@@ -676,13 +752,11 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             if block["semioptional"]:
                 print("    if (!found_any_match) block_{}(recursion+1);".format(index+1), file=f)
 
-            print("    {} = backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
+            print("    {} = _pmg_backup_{};".format(block["cell"], block["cell"]), file=f)
 
             if block["genargs"] is not None:
                 print("#define finish do { rollback = -1; return; } while(0)", file=f)
-                print("    if (generate_mode && !found_any_match) {", file=f)
-                if len(block["genargs"]) == 1:
-                    print("    if (rng(100) >= {}) return;".format(block["genargs"][0]), file=f)
+                print("    if (generate_mode && rng(100) < (found_any_match ? {} : {})) {{".format(block["genargs"][1], block["genargs"][0]), file=f)
                 for line in block["gencode"]:
                     print("      " + line, file=f)
                 print("    }", file=f)
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
index 9f42a95d0..0ad769dfd 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.cc
@@ -99,6 +99,24 @@ void reduce_tree(test_pmgen_pm &pm)
 	log("    -> %s (%s)\n", log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
 }
 
+void opt_eqpmux(test_pmgen_pm &pm)
+{
+	auto &st = pm.st_eqpmux;
+
+	SigSpec Y = st.pmux->getPort(ID::Y);
+	int width = GetSize(Y);
+
+	SigSpec EQ = st.pmux->getPort(ID::B).extract(st.pmux_slice_eq*width, width);
+	SigSpec NE = st.pmux->getPort(ID::B).extract(st.pmux_slice_ne*width, width);
+
+	log("Found eqpmux circuit driving %s (eq=%s, ne=%s, pmux=%s).\n",
+			log_signal(Y), log_id(st.eq), log_id(st.ne), log_id(st.pmux));
+
+	pm.autoremove(st.pmux);
+	Cell *c = pm.module->addMux(NEW_ID, NE, EQ, st.eq->getPort(ID::Y), Y);
+	log("    -> %s (%s)\n", log_id(c), log_id(c->type));
+}
+
 #define GENERATE_PATTERN(pmclass, pattern) \
 	generate_pattern<pmclass>([](pmclass &pm, std::function<void()> f){ return pm.run_ ## pattern(f); }, #pmclass, #pattern, design)
 
@@ -149,16 +167,17 @@ void generate_pattern(std::function<void(pm&,std::function<void()>)> run, const
 	log("Generating \"%s\" patterns for pattern matcher \"%s\".\n", pattern, pmclass);
 
 	int modcnt = 0;
+	int maxmodcnt = 100;
 	int maxsubcnt = 4;
 	int timeout = 0;
 	vector<Module*> mods;
 
-	while (modcnt < 100)
+	while (modcnt < maxmodcnt)
 	{
 		int submodcnt = 0, itercnt = 0, cellcnt = 0;
 		Module *mod = design->addModule(NEW_ID);
 
-		while (modcnt < 100 && submodcnt < maxsubcnt && itercnt++ < 1000)
+		while (modcnt < maxmodcnt && submodcnt < maxsubcnt && itercnt++ < 1000)
 		{
 			if (timeout++ > 10000)
 				log_error("pmgen generator is stuck: 10000 iterations an no matching module generated.\n");
@@ -232,6 +251,12 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 		log("Demo for recursive pmgen patterns. Map trees of AND/OR/XOR to $reduce_*.\n");
 		log("\n");
 
+		log("\n");
+		log("    test_pmgen -eqpmux [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Demo for recursive pmgen patterns. Optimize EQ/NE/PMUX circuits.\n");
+		log("\n");
+
 		log("\n");
 		log("    test_pmgen -generate [options] <pattern_name>\n");
 		log("\n");
@@ -277,6 +302,25 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 			test_pmgen_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_reduce(reduce_tree);
 	}
 
+	void execute_eqpmux(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design)
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing TEST_PMGEN pass (-eqpmux).\n");
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 2; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			// if (args[argidx] == "-singleton") {
+			// 	singleton_mode = true;
+			// 	continue;
+			// }
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+			test_pmgen_pm(module, module->selected_cells()).run_eqpmux(opt_eqpmux);
+	}
+
 	void execute_generate(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design)
 	{
 		log_header(design, "Executing TEST_PMGEN pass (-generate).\n");
@@ -299,6 +343,9 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 		if (pattern == "reduce")
 			return GENERATE_PATTERN(test_pmgen_pm, reduce);
 
+		if (pattern == "eqpmux")
+			return GENERATE_PATTERN(test_pmgen_pm, eqpmux);
+
 		if (pattern == "ice40_dsp")
 			return GENERATE_PATTERN(ice40_dsp_pm, ice40_dsp);
 
@@ -319,6 +366,8 @@ struct TestPmgenPass : public Pass {
 				return execute_reduce_chain(args, design);
 			if (args[1] == "-reduce_tree")
 				return execute_reduce_tree(args, design);
+			if (args[1] == "-eqpmux")
+				return execute_eqpmux(args, design);
 			if (args[1] == "-generate")
 				return execute_generate(args, design);
 		}
diff --git a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
index 211477a62..287ed97d8 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
+++ b/passes/pmgen/test_pmgen.pmg
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ code portname
 endcode
 
 match next
-	select nusers(port(next, \Y)) == 2
 	select next->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
+	select nusers(port(next, \Y)) == 2
 	index <IdString> next->type === first->type
 	index <SigSpec> port(next, \Y) === port(first, portname)
 endmatch
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ arg first
 
 match next
 	semioptional
-	select nusers(port(next, \Y)) == 2
 	select next->type.in($_AND_, $_OR_, $_XOR_)
+	select nusers(port(next, \Y)) == 2
 	index <IdString> next->type === chain.back().first->type
 	index <SigSpec> port(next, \Y) === port(chain.back().first, chain.back().second)
 generate 10
@@ -104,3 +104,86 @@ finally
 	if (next)
 		chain.pop_back();
 endcode
+
+// ==================================================================
+
+pattern eqpmux
+
+state <bool> eq_ne_signed
+state <SigSpec> eq_inA eq_inB
+state <int> pmux_slice_eq pmux_slice_ne
+
+match eq
+	select eq->type == $eq
+	choice <IdString> AB {\A, \B}
+	define <IdString> BA AB == \A ? \B : \A
+	set eq_inA port(eq, \A)
+	set eq_inB port(eq, \B)
+	set eq_ne_signed param(eq, \A_SIGNED).as_bool()
+generate 100 10
+	SigSpec A = module->addWire(NEW_ID, rng(7)+1);
+	SigSpec B = module->addWire(NEW_ID, rng(7)+1);
+	SigSpec Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+	module->addEq(NEW_ID, A, B, Y, rng(2));
+endmatch
+
+match pmux
+	select pmux->type == $pmux
+	slice idx GetSize(port(pmux, \S))
+	index <SigBit> port(pmux, \S)[idx] === port(eq, \Y)
+	set pmux_slice_eq idx
+generate 100 10
+	int width = rng(7) + 1;
+	int numsel = rng(4) + 1;
+	int idx = rng(numsel);
+
+	SigSpec A = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
+	SigSpec Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID, width);
+
+	SigSpec B, S;
+	for (int i = 0; i < numsel; i++) {
+		B.append(module->addWire(NEW_ID, width));
+		S.append(i == idx ? port(eq, \Y) : module->addWire(NEW_ID));
+	}
+
+	module->addPmux(NEW_ID, A, B, S, Y);
+endmatch
+
+match ne
+	select ne->type == $ne
+	choice <IdString> AB {\A, \B}
+	define <IdString> BA (AB == \A ? \B : \A)
+	index <SigSpec> port(ne, AB) === eq_inA
+	index <SigSpec> port(ne, BA) === eq_inB
+	index <int> param(ne, \A_SIGNED).as_bool() === eq_ne_signed
+generate 100 10
+	SigSpec A = eq_inA, B = eq_inB, Y;
+	if (rng(2)) {
+		std::swap(A, B);
+	}
+	if (rng(2)) {
+		for (auto bit : port(pmux, \S)) {
+			if (nusers(bit) < 2)
+				Y.append(bit);
+		}
+		if (GetSize(Y))
+			Y = Y[rng(GetSize(Y))];
+		else
+			Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+	} else {
+		Y = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+	}
+	module->addNe(NEW_ID, A, B, Y, rng(2));
+endmatch
+
+match pmux2
+	select pmux2->type == $pmux
+	slice idx GetSize(port(pmux2, \S))
+	index <Cell*> pmux2 === pmux
+	index <SigBit> port(pmux2, \S)[idx] === port(ne, \Y)
+	set pmux_slice_ne idx
+endmatch
+
+code
+	accept;
+endcode

From 55bf8f69e085caa0a3f0ccae8bf231f77aba6bbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 16:26:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 152/197] Fix port hanlding in pmgen

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/pmgen/pmgen.py | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
index c2621393d..573722d68 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
+++ b/passes/pmgen/pmgen.py
@@ -422,8 +422,6 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
     print("  void add_siguser(const SigSpec &sig, Cell *cell) {", file=f)
     print("    for (auto bit : sigmap(sig)) {", file=f)
     print("      if (bit.wire == nullptr) continue;", file=f)
-    print("      if (sigusers.count(bit) == 0 && bit.wire->port_id)", file=f)
-    print("        sigusers[bit].insert(nullptr);", file=f)
     print("      sigusers[bit].insert(cell);", file=f)
     print("    }", file=f)
     print("  }", file=f)
@@ -478,10 +476,11 @@ with open(outfile, "w") as f:
             else:
                 print("    ud_{}.{} = {}();".format(current_pattern, s, t), file=f)
     current_pattern = None
-    print("    for (auto cell : module->cells()) {", file=f)
+    print("    for (auto port : module->ports)", file=f)
+    print("      add_siguser(module->wire(port), nullptr);", file=f)
+    print("    for (auto cell : module->cells())", file=f)
     print("      for (auto &conn : cell->connections())", file=f)
     print("        add_siguser(conn.second, cell);", file=f)
-    print("    }", file=f)
     print("    for (auto cell : cells) {", file=f)
 
     for index in range(len(blocks)):

From 10c41a5cf51427d96f465113decb752e501e926e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 09:11:04 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 153/197] Blocking assignment

---
 tests/sat/initval.v | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/sat/initval.v b/tests/sat/initval.v
index d46ccae48..fcec9dd8c 100644
--- a/tests/sat/initval.v
+++ b/tests/sat/initval.v
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ module test(input clk, input [3:0] bar, output [3:0] foo);
     last_bar <= bar;
 
   always @*
-    asdf[2:0] <= 3'b111;
+    asdf[2:0] = 3'b111;
 
   assert property (foo == {last_bar[3:2], bar[1:0]});
 endmodule

From 55aa444e059fb011f0af7293845178dec2ef4a50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miodrag Milanovic <mmicko@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 10:37:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 154/197] Make macOS depenency clear

---
 README.md | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 83167bfee..5132332a5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -69,11 +69,14 @@ prerequisites for building yosys:
 		graphviz xdot pkg-config python3 libboost-system-dev \
 		libboost-python-dev libboost-filesystem-dev
 
-Similarily, on Mac OS X MacPorts or Homebrew can be used to install dependencies:
+Similarily, on Mac OS X Homebrew can be used to install dependencies:
 
 	$ brew tap Homebrew/bundle && brew bundle
+
+or MacPorts:
+
 	$ sudo port install bison flex readline gawk libffi \
-		git graphviz pkgconfig python36 boost
+		git graphviz pkgconfig python36 boost tcl
 
 On FreeBSD use the following command to install all prerequisites:
 

From 4d89c3f468b6090dceabb304b9f56f3a6a597057 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 10:03:41 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 155/197] Review comment from @cliffordwolf

---
 passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
index 6fac1b437..55341ead0 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 		for (auto module : modules_sorted)
 		{
 			if (module->get_blackbox_attribute()) {
-				for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
+				for (auto port : module->ports) {
+					auto wire = module->wire(port);
 					if (wire->get_bool_attribute("\\clkbuf_driver"))
 						for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire); i++)
 							buf_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(wire->name, i)));

From 4c0404ae024e9595934e738a3e8f52be9c22d090 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 10:24:59 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 156/197] Mention clkbuf_inhibit can be overridden

---
 README.md | 15 ++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 00b631237..38ca77862 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -332,17 +332,18 @@ Verilog Attributes and non-standard features
   that represent module parameters or localparams (when the HDL front-end
   is run in -pwires mode).
 
-- The ``clkbuf_inhibit`` attribute can be set on a wire to prevent
-  automatic clock buffer insertion by ``clkbufmap``.
-
-- The ``clkbuf_sink`` attribute can be set on an input port of a blackbox
-  module to request clock buffer insertion by the ``clkbufmap`` pass.
-
 - The ``clkbuf_driver`` attribute can be set on an output port of a blackbox
   module to mark it as a clock buffer output, and thus prevent ``clkbufmap``
   from inserting another clock buffer on a net driven by such output.
 
-- The ``iopad_external_pin`` attribute on a blacbox module's port marks
+- The ``clkbuf_sink`` attribute can be set on an input port of a module to
+  request clock buffer insertion by the ``clkbufmap`` pass.
+
+- The ``clkbuf_inhibit`` is the default attribute to set on a wire to prevent
+  automatic clock buffer insertion by ``clkbufmap``. This behaviour can be
+  overridden by providing a custom selection to ``clkbufmap``.
+
+- The ``iopad_external_pin`` attribute on a blackbox module's port marks
   it as the external-facing pin of an I/O pad, and prevents ``iopadmap``
   from inserting another pad cell on it.
 

From d62c10d641c5af4b1d395caa042681788df1aae4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 11:09:50 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 157/197] tests/techmap/run-test.sh to cope with *.ys

---
 tests/techmap/.gitignore  |  1 +
 tests/techmap/run-test.sh | 24 +++++++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/techmap/.gitignore b/tests/techmap/.gitignore
index 397b4a762..cfed22fc5 100644
--- a/tests/techmap/.gitignore
+++ b/tests/techmap/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 *.log
+/*.mk
diff --git a/tests/techmap/run-test.sh b/tests/techmap/run-test.sh
index e2fc11e52..96489ff15 100755
--- a/tests/techmap/run-test.sh
+++ b/tests/techmap/run-test.sh
@@ -1,10 +1,20 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
-for x in *_runtest.sh; do
-	echo "Running $x.."
-	if ! bash $x &> ${x%.sh}.log; then
-		tail ${x%.sh}.log
-		echo ERROR
-		exit 1
+{
+echo "all::"
+for x in *.ys; do
+	echo "all:: run-$x"
+	echo "run-$x:"
+	echo "	@echo 'Running $x..'"
+	echo "	@../../yosys -ql ${x%.ys}.log $x"
+done
+for s in *.sh; do
+	if [ "$s" != "run-test.sh" ]; then
+		echo "all:: run-$s"
+		echo "run-$s:"
+		echo "	@echo 'Running $s..'"
+		echo "	@bash $s > ${s%.sh}.log 2>&1"
 	fi
 done
+} > run-test.mk
+exec ${MAKE:-make} -f run-test.mk

From 5628e2ec53c3a1d5f1828b8f522c5c09c9856b0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 11:10:02 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 158/197] Add simple clkbufmap tests

---
 tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys

diff --git a/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys b/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb8970af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+read_verilog <<EOT
+module clkbuf (input i, (* clkbuf_driver *) output o); endmodule
+module dff ((* clkbuf_sink *) input clk, input d, output q); endmodule
+module dffe ((* clkbuf_sink *) input c, input d, e, output q); endmodule
+module latch (input e, d, output q); endmodule
+
+module top(input clk1, clk2, clk3, d, e, output [2:0] q);
+dff s0 (.clk(clk1), .d(d), .q(q[0]));
+dffe s1 (.c(clk2), .d(d), .e(e), .q(q[1]));
+latch s2 (.e(clk3), .d(d), .q(q[2]));
+endmodule
+EOT
+
+hierarchy -auto-top
+design -save ref
+
+# ----------------------
+
+design -load ref
+clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i
+select -assert-count 1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 1 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 2 t:clkbuf
+
+# ----------------------
+
+design -load ref
+setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 0 w:clk1
+setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 1 w:clk2
+clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i
+select -assert-count 1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 0 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 1 t:clkbuf
+
+# ----------------------
+
+design -load ref
+setattr -set buffer_type "bufg" w:clk2
+clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i w:* a:buffer_type=none a:buffer_type=bufr %u %d
+select -assert-count 1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 1 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 2 t:clkbuf
+
+# ----------------------
+
+design -load ref
+setattr -set buffer_type "none" w:clk1
+setattr -set buffer_type "bufr" w:clk2
+clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i w:* a:buffer_type=none a:buffer_type=bufr %u %d
+select -assert-count 0 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 0 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 0 t:clkbuf

From 619f2414e587a216edb68d39ce56e25e29f0502b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 11:14:42 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 159/197] clkbufmap to only check clkbuf_inhibit if no
 selection given

---
 passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc | 23 ++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
index 55341ead0..82b3dcdf7 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
@@ -37,11 +37,18 @@ struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 	ClkbufmapPass() : Pass("clkbufmap", "insert global buffers on clock networks") { }
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
 	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
 		log("\n");
 		log("    clkbufmap [options] [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("Inserts global buffers between nets connected to clock inputs and their\n");
-		log("drivers.\n");
+		log("Inserts global buffers between nets connected to clock inputs and their drivers.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("In the absence of any selection, all wires without the 'clkbuf_inhibit'\n");
+		log("attribute will be considered for global buffer insertion.\n");
+		log("Alternatively, to consider all wires without the 'buffer_type' attribute set to\n");
+		log("'none' or 'bufr' one would specify:\n");
+		log("  'w:* a:buffer_type=none a:buffer_type=bufr %%u %%d'\n");
+		log("as the selection.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -buf <celltype> <portname_out>:<portname_in>\n");
 		log("        Specifies the cell type to use for the global buffers\n");
@@ -94,10 +101,16 @@ struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 			}
 			break;
 		}
-		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		bool select = false;
+		if (argidx < args.size()) {
+			if (args[argidx].compare(0, 1, "-") != 0)
+				select = true;
+			extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+		}
 
 		if (buf_celltype.empty())
-			log_error("The -buf option is required.");
+			log_error("The -buf option is required.\n");
 
 		// Cell type, port name, bit index.
 		pool<pair<IdString, pair<IdString, int>>> sink_ports;
@@ -158,7 +171,7 @@ struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 				// Should not happen.
 				if (wire->port_input && wire->port_output)
 					continue;
-				if (wire->get_bool_attribute("\\clkbuf_inhibit"))
+				if (!select && wire->get_bool_attribute("\\clkbuf_inhibit"))
 					continue;
 
 				pool<int> input_bits;

From a0d85393e388e3349ea501878605e47513ad1699 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 11:15:26 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 160/197] Check clkbuf_inhibit=1 is ignored for custom
 selection

---
 tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys b/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
index eb8970af4..46ff4d694 100644
--- a/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
+++ b/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ select -assert-count 1 t:clkbuf
 # ----------------------
 
 design -load ref
+setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 1 w:clk1
 setattr -set buffer_type "bufg" w:clk2
 clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i w:* a:buffer_type=none a:buffer_type=bufr %u %d
 select -assert-count 1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i

From a270af00cc133ac03ec97cf81ed0a7146b7b225e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 11:21:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 161/197] Put abc_* attributes above port

---
 techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v   | 15 ++++++++++-----
 techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v  |  6 ++++--
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v | 21 ++++++++++++++-------
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
index 2fcb0369e..dc8334acb 100644
--- a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ endmodule
 // ---------------------------------------
 (* abc_box_id=1, lib_whitebox *)
 module CCU2C(
-	(* abc_carry *) input CIN,
+	(* abc_carry *)
+	input  CIN,
 	input  A0, B0, C0, D0, A1, B1, C1, D1,
 	output S0, S1,
-	(* abc_carry *) output COUT
+	(* abc_carry *)
+	output COUT
 );
 	parameter [15:0] INIT0 = 16'h0000;
 	parameter [15:0] INIT1 = 16'h0000;
@@ -109,9 +111,12 @@ endmodule
 // ---------------------------------------
 //(* abc_box_id=2 *)
 module TRELLIS_DPR16X4 (
-	(* abc_scc_break *) input [3:0] DI,
-	(* abc_scc_break *) input [3:0] WAD,
-	(* abc_scc_break *) input       WRE,
+	(* abc_scc_break *)
+	input  [3:0] DI,
+	(* abc_scc_break *)
+	input  [3:0] WAD,
+	(* abc_scc_break *)
+	input        WRE,
 	input        WCK,
 	input  [3:0] RAD,
 	output [3:0] DO
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
index ab04808f4..c7f3bdad2 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
@@ -143,11 +143,13 @@ endmodule
 
 (* abc_box_id = 1, lib_whitebox *)
 module \$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER (
-	(* abc_carry *) output CO,
+	(* abc_carry *)
+	output CO,
 	output O,
 	input A,
 	input B,
-	(* abc_carry *) input CI
+	(* abc_carry *)
+	input CI
 );
 	SB_CARRY carry (
 		.I0(A),
diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
index bec9ea1a0..e3897d9a6 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
@@ -183,9 +183,11 @@ endmodule
 
 (* abc_box_id = 4, lib_whitebox *)
 module CARRY4(
-  (* abc_carry *) output [3:0] CO,
+  (* abc_carry *)
+  output [3:0] CO,
   output [3:0] O,
-  (* abc_carry *) input CI,
+  (* abc_carry *)
+  input        CI,
   input        CYINIT,
   input  [3:0] DI, S
 );
@@ -298,9 +300,11 @@ endmodule
 (* abc_box_id = 5 *)
 module RAM32X1D (
   output DPO, SPO,
-  (* abc_scc_break *) input D,
+  (* abc_scc_break *)
+  input  D,
   input  WCLK,
-  (* abc_scc_break *) input WE,
+  (* abc_scc_break *)
+  input  WE,
   input  A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
   input  DPRA0, DPRA1, DPRA2, DPRA3, DPRA4
 );
@@ -318,7 +322,8 @@ endmodule
 (* abc_box_id = 6 *)
 module RAM64X1D (
   output DPO, SPO,
-  (* abc_scc_break *) input D,
+  (* abc_scc_break *)
+  input  D,
   input  WCLK,
   (* abc_scc_break *) input WE,
   input  A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
@@ -338,9 +343,11 @@ endmodule
 (* abc_box_id = 7 *)
 module RAM128X1D (
   output       DPO, SPO,
-  (* abc_scc_break *) input D,
+  (* abc_scc_break *)
+  input        D,
   input        WCLK,
-  (* abc_scc_break *) input WE,
+  (* abc_scc_break *)
+  input        WE,
   input  [6:0] A, DPRA
 );
   parameter INIT = 128'h0;

From 509c353fe981c95ca667a637bf2b47477962a60b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 11:23:50 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 162/197] Forgot one

---
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
index e3897d9a6..3ad96d7fb 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
@@ -325,7 +325,8 @@ module RAM64X1D (
   (* abc_scc_break *)
   input  D,
   input  WCLK,
-  (* abc_scc_break *) input WE,
+  (* abc_scc_break *)
+  input  WE,
   input  A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
   input  DPRA0, DPRA1, DPRA2, DPRA3, DPRA4, DPRA5
 );

From 43927e5910f54b41530dd4dbba8059b2c80d8c26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 11:26:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 163/197] Bump gcc from 4.8 to 4.9 as undefined reference

... to `__warn_memset_zero_len'.
Also remove gcc-6, bump gcc-7 to gcc-9, clang from 5.0 to 8.0
---
 .travis.yml | 42 +++++++-----------------------------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 957735f1d..a4e9ffe40 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ matrix:
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
-            - g++-4.8
+            - g++-4.9
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -37,35 +37,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-python-dev
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.8 && CXX=g++-4.8"
-
-    # Latest gcc-6 on Travis Linux
-    - os: linux
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - g++-6
-            - gperf
-            - build-essential
-            - bison
-            - flex
-            - libreadline-dev
-            - gawk
-            - tcl-dev
-            - libffi-dev
-            - git
-            - graphviz
-            - xdot
-            - pkg-config
-            - python
-            - python3
-            - libboost-system-dev
-            - libboost-python-dev
-            - libboost-filesystem-dev
-      env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-6 && CXX=g++-6"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.9 && CXX=g++-4.9"
 
     # Latest gcc supported on Travis Linux
     - os: linux
@@ -74,7 +46,7 @@ matrix:
           sources:
             - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
           packages:
-            - g++-7
+            - g++-9
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -93,7 +65,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-python-dev
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-7 && CXX=g++-7"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-9 && CXX=g++-9"
 
     # Clang which ships on Trusty Linux
     - os: linux
@@ -129,9 +101,9 @@ matrix:
       addons:
         apt:
           sources:
-            - llvm-toolchain-trusty-5.0
+            - llvm-toolchain-bionic-8.0
           packages:
-            - clang-5.0
+            - clang-8.0
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -150,7 +122,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-python-dev
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=clang && CC=clang-5.0 && CXX=clang++-5.0"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=clang && CC=clang-8.0 && CXX=clang++-8.0"
 
 #   # Latest clang on Mac OS X
 #   - os: osx

From bf40f2f895ab5a5ebe047e9281d5ba8707e04e94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 11:52:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 164/197] bionic -> xenial as its on whitelist

---
 .travis.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index a4e9ffe40..bc07c741e 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ matrix:
       addons:
         apt:
           sources:
-            - llvm-toolchain-bionic-8.0
+            - llvm-toolchain-xenial-8
           packages:
             - clang-8.0
             - gperf

From fdc438e551f5ee13a62e216b861237b2195d9131 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 12:16:02 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 165/197] Bump to gcc-5 as `__warn_memset_zero_len' symbol not
 in 16.04!?!

---
 .travis.yml | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index bc07c741e..093dd2dbf 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -13,12 +13,14 @@ env:
 
 matrix:
   include:
-    # Latest gcc-4.8, earliest version supported by Travis
+    # Earliest gcc version that works
+    #   4.8 and 4.9 fails to compile iverilog giving:
+    #   "undefined reference to `__warn_memset_zero_len'"
     - os: linux
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
-            - g++-4.9
+            - g++-5
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-python-dev
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.9 && CXX=g++-4.9"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-5 && CXX=g++-5"
 
     # Latest gcc supported on Travis Linux
     - os: linux

From fcb102d60e7a6295fd78214917df2a15834808d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 12:23:15 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 166/197] Remove .0 from clang-8.0

---
 .travis.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 093dd2dbf..c5fe244fb 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ matrix:
           sources:
             - llvm-toolchain-xenial-8
           packages:
-            - clang-8.0
+            - clang-8
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-python-dev
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=clang && CC=clang-8.0 && CXX=clang++-8.0"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=clang && CC=clang-8 && CXX=clang++-8"
 
 #   # Latest clang on Mac OS X
 #   - os: osx

From b3dc28cf65dcadd9038ff068be239e2f81f504f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 12:26:45 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 167/197] Revert "Bump to gcc-5 as `__warn_memset_zero_len'
 symbol not in 16.04!?!"

This reverts commit c82b2fa31f8965be2680c87af6cd9ac5d26ead4d.
---
 .travis.yml | 8 +++-----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index c5fe244fb..61ade0e7a 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -13,14 +13,12 @@ env:
 
 matrix:
   include:
-    # Earliest gcc version that works
-    #   4.8 and 4.9 fails to compile iverilog giving:
-    #   "undefined reference to `__warn_memset_zero_len'"
+    # Latest gcc-4.8, earliest version supported by Travis
     - os: linux
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
-            - g++-5
+            - g++-4.9
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-python-dev
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-5 && CXX=g++-5"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.9 && CXX=g++-4.9"
 
     # Latest gcc supported on Travis Linux
     - os: linux

From 4a4e28b55eb24ec4e83b092bf8478bb8149669c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 12:28:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 168/197] Revert earliest to gcc-4.8, compile iverilog with
 default compiler

---
 .travis.yml      | 4 ++--
 .travis/setup.sh | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 61ade0e7a..c253b2ff7 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ matrix:
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
-            - g++-4.9
+            - g++-4.8
             - gperf
             - build-essential
             - bison
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ matrix:
             - libboost-python-dev
             - libboost-filesystem-dev
       env:
-        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.9 && CXX=g++-4.9"
+        - MATRIX_EVAL="CONFIG=gcc && CC=gcc-4.8 && CXX=g++-4.8"
 
     # Latest gcc supported on Travis Linux
     - os: linux
diff --git a/.travis/setup.sh b/.travis/setup.sh
index 4af0b8ee9..02879b974 100755
--- a/.travis/setup.sh
+++ b/.travis/setup.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ fi
 		git clone git://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog.git
 		cd iverilog
 		autoconf
-		./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local-bin
+		CC=gcc CXX=g++ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local-bin
 		make
 		make install
 		echo

From 967a36c12572bb7e1bd69921ae75dda767b4243f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:15:41 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 169/197] indo -> into

---
 passes/pmgen/README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/pmgen/README.md b/passes/pmgen/README.md
index 27ed77091..0856c9ba3 100644
--- a/passes/pmgen/README.md
+++ b/passes/pmgen/README.md
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ create matches for different sections of a cell. For example:
 
 The first argument to `slice` is the local variable name used to identify the
 slice. The second argument is the number of slices that should be created for
-this cell. The `set` statement can be used to copy that index indo a state
+this cell. The `set` statement can be used to copy that index into a state
 variable so that later matches and/or code blocks can refer to it.
 
 A similar mechanism is "choices", where a list of options is given as

From d7051b90de19ba0faed0a4eff4af7c3bc92dd3fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2019 16:41:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 170/197] Add undocumented feature

---
 techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
index 7ba67409b..87f4af8f7 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/synth_xilinx.cc
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 
 	std::string top_opt, edif_file, blif_file, family;
 	bool flatten, retime, vpr, nobram, nolutram, nosrl, nocarry, nowidelut, abc9;
+	bool flatten_before_abc;
 	int widemux;
 
 	void clear_flags() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -123,6 +124,7 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 		nocarry = false;
 		nowidelut = false;
 		abc9 = false;
+		flatten_before_abc = false;
 		widemux = 0;
 	}
 
@@ -162,6 +164,10 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 				flatten = true;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-flatten_before_abc") {
+				flatten_before_abc = true;
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (args[argidx] == "-retime") {
 				retime = true;
 				continue;
@@ -385,6 +391,8 @@ struct SynthXilinxPass : public ScriptPass
 
 		if (check_label("map_luts")) {
 			run("opt_expr -mux_undef");
+			if (flatten_before_abc)
+				run("flatten");
 			if (help_mode)
 				run("abc -luts 2:2,3,6:5[,10,20] [-dff]", "(option for 'nowidelut', option for '-retime')");
 			else if (abc9) {

From dc87372a97d515563ccccd517ef8f35662870fe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Aug 2019 15:05:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 171/197] Wire with init on FF part, 1'bx on non-FF part

---
 tests/sat/initval.v | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/sat/initval.v b/tests/sat/initval.v
index fcec9dd8c..81f71b5ba 100644
--- a/tests/sat/initval.v
+++ b/tests/sat/initval.v
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-module test(input clk, input [3:0] bar, output [3:0] foo);
+module test(input clk, input [3:0] bar, output [3:0] foo, asdf);
   reg [3:0] foo = 0;
   reg [3:0] last_bar = 0;
   reg [3:0] asdf = 4'b1xxx;
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ module test(input clk, input [3:0] bar, output [3:0] foo);
   always @(posedge clk)
     last_bar <= bar;
 
+  always @(posedge clk)
+    asdf[3] <= bar[3];
   always @*
     asdf[2:0] = 3'b111;
 

From 1979e0b1f2482dbf0562f5116ab444280a377773 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Mon, 26 Aug 2019 10:37:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 172/197] Yosys 0.9

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 21f1c5f46..a67315415 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ LDFLAGS += -rdynamic
 LDLIBS += -lrt
 endif
 
-YOSYS_VER := 0.8+$(shell cd $(YOSYS_SRC) && test -e .git && { git log --author=clifford@clifford.at --oneline 4d4665b.. 2> /dev/null | wc -l; })
+YOSYS_VER := 0.9
 GIT_REV := $(shell cd $(YOSYS_SRC) && git rev-parse --short HEAD 2> /dev/null || echo UNKNOWN)
 OBJS = kernel/version_$(GIT_REV).o
 

From bd3773a17f220f1fa9b478b3785acac42ca3bd7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 26 Aug 2019 10:44:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 173/197] Remove dupe in CHANGELOG, missing end quote

---
 CHANGELOG | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index c4882acab..113aae820 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@ Yosys 0.9 .. Yosys 0.9-dev
     - Added "synth_xilinx -abc9" (experimental)
     - Added "synth_ice40 -abc9" (experimental)
     - Added "synth -abc9" (experimental)
-    - Added "script -scriptwire
+    - Added "script -scriptwire"
     - Added "synth_xilinx -nocarry"
     - Added "synth_xilinx -nowidelut"
     - Added "synth_ecp5 -nowidelut"
-    - "synth_xilinx" to now infer hard shift registers (-nosrl to disable)
     - "synth_xilinx" to now infer wide multiplexers (-widemux <min> to enable)
     - Renamed labels/options in synth_ice40 (e.g. dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)
     - Renamed labels/options in synth_ecp5 (e.g. dram -> map_lutram; -nodram -> -nolutram)

From 528f1c86877d247700bd9445e03c85b3eb437b5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Mon, 26 Aug 2019 13:45:16 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 174/197] Improve tests to check that clkbuf is connected to
 expected

---
 tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys b/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
index 46ff4d694..5847c3ce5 100644
--- a/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
+++ b/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
@@ -18,9 +18,15 @@ design -save ref
 
 design -load ref
 clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i
-select -assert-count 1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
-select -assert-count 1 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
 select -assert-count 2 t:clkbuf
+select -set clk1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i          # Find 'clk1' fanouts that are 'clkbuf'
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1                        # Check there is one such fanout
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i    # Check that the 'o' of that clkbuf drives one fanout
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s0 %i    # And that one fanout is 's0'
+select -set clk2 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 1 @clk2
+select -assert-count 1 @clk2 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i
+select -assert-count 1 @clk2 %x:+[o] %co c:s1 %i
 
 # ----------------------
 
@@ -28,9 +34,12 @@ design -load ref
 setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 0 w:clk1
 setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 1 w:clk2
 clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i
-select -assert-count 1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
-select -assert-count 0 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
 select -assert-count 1 t:clkbuf
+select -set clk1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i          # Find 'clk1' fanouts that are 'clkbuf'
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1                        # Check there is one such fanout
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i    # Check that the 'o' of that clkbuf drives one fanout
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s0 %i    # And that one fanout is 's0'
+select -assert-count 0 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
 
 # ----------------------
 
@@ -38,9 +47,15 @@ design -load ref
 setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 1 w:clk1
 setattr -set buffer_type "bufg" w:clk2
 clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i w:* a:buffer_type=none a:buffer_type=bufr %u %d
-select -assert-count 1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
-select -assert-count 1 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
 select -assert-count 2 t:clkbuf
+select -set clk1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i          # Find 'clk1' fanouts that are 'clkbuf'
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1                        # Check there is one such fanout
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i    # Check that the 'o' of that clkbuf drives one fanout
+select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s0 %i    # And that one fanout is 's0'
+select -set clk2 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i          # Find 'clk1' fanouts that are 'clkbuf'
+select -assert-count 1 @clk2                        # Check there is one such fanout
+select -assert-count 1 @clk2 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i    # Check that the 'o' of that clkbuf drives one fanout
+select -assert-count 1 @clk2 %x:+[o] %co c:s1 %i    # And that one fanout is 's0'
 
 # ----------------------
 

From fdbcf789099d327bd5e9f2e0658cdad754b09db2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2019 10:13:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 175/197] Add "make bumpversion"

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 CodingReadme | 1 +
 Makefile     | 3 +++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CodingReadme b/CodingReadme
index b64e79178..8212436e5 100644
--- a/CodingReadme
+++ b/CodingReadme
@@ -390,6 +390,7 @@ Finally run all tests with "make config-{clang,gcc,gcc-4.8}":
 Release:
 
 	- set YOSYS_VER to x.y.z in Makefile
+	- remove "bumpversion" target from Makefile
 	- update version string in CHANGELOG
 	git commit -am "Yosys x.y.z"
 
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 48a4f3a1c..e56db424d 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -119,6 +119,9 @@ YOSYS_VER := 0.9+1
 GIT_REV := $(shell cd $(YOSYS_SRC) && git rev-parse --short HEAD 2> /dev/null || echo UNKNOWN)
 OBJS = kernel/version_$(GIT_REV).o
 
+bumpversion:
+	sed -i "/^YOSYS_VER := / s/+[0-9][0-9]*$$/+`git log --oneline 8a4c6e6.. | wc -l`/;" Makefile
+
 # set 'ABCREV = default' to use abc/ as it is
 #
 # Note: If you do ABC development, make sure that 'abc' in this directory

From fc001b473187f13fa0e6f01063ffc9640fb11ef8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Shah <dave@ds0.me>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2019 13:07:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 176/197] ecp5: Add GSR support

Signed-off-by: David Shah <dave@ds0.me>
---
 techlibs/ecp5/Makefile.inc  |   3 +-
 techlibs/ecp5/brams_map.v   |  10 +--
 techlibs/ecp5/cells_bb.v    |  20 ++++++
 techlibs/ecp5/cells_map.v   |  76 ++++++++++----------
 techlibs/ecp5/ecp5_gsr.cc   | 135 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 techlibs/ecp5/synth_ecp5.cc |   2 +
 6 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 techlibs/ecp5/ecp5_gsr.cc

diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/Makefile.inc b/techlibs/ecp5/Makefile.inc
index 73e18112f..c41d16076 100644
--- a/techlibs/ecp5/Makefile.inc
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/Makefile.inc
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 
-OBJS += techlibs/ecp5/synth_ecp5.o techlibs/ecp5/ecp5_ffinit.o
+OBJS += techlibs/ecp5/synth_ecp5.o techlibs/ecp5/ecp5_ffinit.o \
+        techlibs/ecp5/ecp5_gsr.o
 
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/ecp5,techlibs/ecp5/cells_map.v))
 $(eval $(call add_share_file,share/ecp5,techlibs/ecp5/cells_sim.v))
diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/brams_map.v b/techlibs/ecp5/brams_map.v
index b2c136863..0353cbadb 100644
--- a/techlibs/ecp5/brams_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/brams_map.v
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ module \$__ECP5_DP16KD (CLK2, CLK3, A1ADDR, A1DATA, A1EN, B1ADDR, B1DATA, B1EN);
 			.CLKBMUX(CLKBMUX),
 			.WRITEMODE_A(WRITEMODE_A),
 			.WRITEMODE_B("READBEFOREWRITE"),
-			.GSR("DISABLED")
+			.GSR("AUTO")
 		) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (
 			`include "bram_conn_1.vh"
 			.CLKA(CLK2), .CLKB(CLK3),
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ module \$__ECP5_DP16KD (CLK2, CLK3, A1ADDR, A1DATA, A1EN, B1ADDR, B1DATA, B1EN);
 			.CLKBMUX(CLKBMUX),
 			.WRITEMODE_A(WRITEMODE_A),
 			.WRITEMODE_B("READBEFOREWRITE"),
-			.GSR("DISABLED")
+			.GSR("AUTO")
 		) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (
 			`include "bram_conn_2.vh"
 			.CLKA(CLK2), .CLKB(CLK3),
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ module \$__ECP5_DP16KD (CLK2, CLK3, A1ADDR, A1DATA, A1EN, B1ADDR, B1DATA, B1EN);
 			.CLKBMUX(CLKBMUX),
 			.WRITEMODE_A(WRITEMODE_A),
 			.WRITEMODE_B("READBEFOREWRITE"),
-			.GSR("DISABLED")
+			.GSR("AUTO")
 		) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (
 			`include "bram_conn_4.vh"
 			.CLKA(CLK2), .CLKB(CLK3),
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ module \$__ECP5_DP16KD (CLK2, CLK3, A1ADDR, A1DATA, A1EN, B1ADDR, B1DATA, B1EN);
 			.CLKBMUX(CLKBMUX),
 			.WRITEMODE_A(WRITEMODE_A),
 			.WRITEMODE_B("READBEFOREWRITE"),
-			.GSR("DISABLED")
+			.GSR("AUTO")
 		) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (
 			`include "bram_conn_9.vh"
 			.CLKA(CLK2), .CLKB(CLK3),
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ module \$__ECP5_DP16KD (CLK2, CLK3, A1ADDR, A1DATA, A1EN, B1ADDR, B1DATA, B1EN);
 			.CLKBMUX(CLKBMUX),
 			.WRITEMODE_A(WRITEMODE_A),
 			.WRITEMODE_B("READBEFOREWRITE"),
-			.GSR("DISABLED")
+			.GSR("AUTO")
 		) _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (
 			`include "bram_conn_18.vh"
 			.CLKA(CLK2), .CLKB(CLK3),
diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_bb.v b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_bb.v
index 223e19b9e..8557053b6 100644
--- a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_bb.v
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_bb.v
@@ -664,3 +664,23 @@ module PCSCLKDIV (
 );
 	parameter GSR = "DISABLED";
 endmodule
+
+// Note: this module is not marked keep as we want it swept away in synth (sim use only)
+(* blackbox *)
+module PUR (
+	input PUR
+);
+	parameter RST_PULSE = 1;
+endmodule
+
+(* blackbox, keep *)
+module GSR (
+	input GSR
+);
+endmodule
+
+(* blackbox, keep *)
+module SGSR (
+	input GSR, CLK
+);
+endmodule
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_map.v b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_map.v
index 6985fbbc8..0a92d906d 100644
--- a/techlibs/ecp5/cells_map.v
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/cells_map.v
@@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
-module  \$_DFF_N_ (input D, C, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_P_ (input D, C, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_N_ (input D, C, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_P_ (input D, C, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$_DFFE_NN_ (input D, C, E, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("INV"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFFE_PN_ (input D, C, E, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("INV"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFFE_NN_ (input D, C, E, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("INV"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFFE_PN_ (input D, C, E, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("INV"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$_DFFE_NP_ (input D, C, E, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFFE_PP_ (input D, C, E, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFFE_NP_ (input D, C, E, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFFE_PP_ (input D, C, E, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(1'b0), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$_DFF_NN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_NN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_PN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_PN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_NN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_NN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$_DFF_NP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_NP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_PP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$_DFF_PP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_NP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_NP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$_DFF_PP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$__DFFS_NN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFS_NN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFS_PN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFS_PN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFS_NN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFS_NN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFS_PN0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFS_PN1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$__DFFS_NP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFS_NP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFS_PP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFS_PP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFS_NP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFS_NP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFS_PP0_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFS_PP1_ (input D, C, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("1"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$__DFFE_NN0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFE_NN1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFE_PN0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFE_PN1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFE_NN0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFE_NN1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFE_PN0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFE_PN1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$__DFFE_NP0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFE_NP1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFE_PP0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFE_PP1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFE_NP0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFE_NP1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFE_PP0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFE_PP1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("ASYNC"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$__DFFSE_NN0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFSE_NN1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFSE_PN0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFSE_PN1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFSE_NN0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFSE_NN1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFSE_PN0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFSE_PN1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(!R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
-module  \$__DFFSE_NP0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFSE_NP1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFSE_PP0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
-module  \$__DFFSE_PP1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("DISABLED"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFSE_NP0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFSE_NP1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("INV"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFSE_PP0 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("RESET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
+module  \$__DFFSE_PP1 (input D, C, E, R, output Q); TRELLIS_FF #(.GSR("AUTO"), .CEMUX("CE"), .CLKMUX("CLK"), .LSRMUX("LSR"), .REGSET("SET"), .SRMODE("LSR_OVER_CE"))  _TECHMAP_REPLACE_ (.CLK(C), .CE(E), .LSR(R), .DI(D), .Q(Q)); endmodule
 
 // TODO: Diamond flip-flops
 // module FD1P3AX(); endmodule
diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/ecp5_gsr.cc b/techlibs/ecp5/ecp5_gsr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b8927d31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/ecp5_gsr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
+ *  Copyright (C) 2019  David Shah <david@symbioticeda.com>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/sigtools.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+struct Ecp5GsrPass : public Pass {
+	Ecp5GsrPass() : Pass("ecp5_gsr", "ECP5: handle GSR") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    ecp5_gsr [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("Trim active low async resets connected to GSR and resolve GSR parameter,\n");
+		log("if a GSR or SGSR primitive is used in the design.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("If any cell has the GSR parameter set to \"AUTO\", this will be resolved\n");
+		log("to \"ENABLED\" if a GSR primitive is present and the (* nogsr *) attribute\n");
+		log("is not set, otherwise it will be resolved to \"DISABLED\".\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing ECP5_GSR pass (implement FF init values).\n");
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			// if (args[argidx] == "-singleton") {
+			// 	singleton_mode = true;
+			// 	continue;
+			// }
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+		{
+			log("Handling GSR in %s.\n", log_id(module));
+
+			SigMap sigmap(module);
+
+			SigBit gsr;
+			bool found_gsr = false;
+
+			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
+			{
+				if (cell->type != ID(GSR) && cell->type != ID(SGSR))
+					continue;
+				if (found_gsr)
+					log_error("Found more than one GSR or SGSR cell in module %s.\n", log_id(module));
+				found_gsr = true;
+				SigSpec sig_gsr = cell->getPort(ID(GSR));
+				if (GetSize(sig_gsr) < 1)
+					log_error("GSR cell %s has disconnected GSR input.\n", log_id(cell));
+				gsr = sigmap(sig_gsr[0]);
+			}
+
+			// Resolve GSR parameter
+
+			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
+			{
+				if (!cell->hasParam(ID(GSR)) || cell->getParam(ID(GSR)).decode_string() != "AUTO")
+					continue;
+				
+				bool gsren = found_gsr;
+				if (cell->get_bool_attribute("\\nogsr"))
+					gsren = false;
+				cell->setParam(ID(GSR), gsren ? Const("ENABLED") : Const("DISABLED"));
+				
+			}
+
+			if (!found_gsr)
+				continue;
+
+			// For finding active low FF inputs
+			pool<SigBit> inverted_gsr;
+
+			log_debug("GSR net in module %s is %s.\n", log_id(module), log_signal(gsr));
+			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
+			{
+				if (cell->type != ID($_NOT_))
+					continue;
+				SigSpec sig_a = cell->getPort(ID(A)), sig_y = cell->getPort(ID(Y));
+				if (GetSize(sig_a) < 1 || GetSize(sig_y) < 1)
+					continue;
+				SigBit a = sigmap(sig_a[0]);
+				if (a == gsr)
+					inverted_gsr.insert(sigmap(sig_y[0]));
+			}
+
+			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
+			{
+				if (cell->type != ID(TRELLIS_FF))
+					continue;
+				if (!cell->hasParam(ID(GSR)) || cell->getParam(ID(GSR)).decode_string() != "ENABLED")
+					continue;
+				if (!cell->hasParam(ID(SRMODE)) || cell->getParam(ID(SRMODE)).decode_string() != "ASYNC")
+					continue;
+				SigSpec sig_lsr = cell->getPort(ID(LSR));
+				if (GetSize(sig_lsr) < 1)
+					continue;
+				SigBit lsr = sigmap(sig_lsr[0]);
+				if (!inverted_gsr.count(lsr))
+					continue;
+				cell->setParam(ID(SRMODE), Const("SYNC"));
+				cell->unsetPort(ID(LSR));
+			}
+
+		}
+	}
+} Ecp5GsrPass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/techlibs/ecp5/synth_ecp5.cc b/techlibs/ecp5/synth_ecp5.cc
index 143d1f95c..a8075e86e 100644
--- a/techlibs/ecp5/synth_ecp5.cc
+++ b/techlibs/ecp5/synth_ecp5.cc
@@ -271,6 +271,8 @@ struct SynthEcp5Pass : public ScriptPass
 			run("opt_expr -undriven -mux_undef");
 			run("simplemap");
 			run("ecp5_ffinit");
+			run("ecp5_gsr");
+			run("opt_clean");
 		}
 
 		if (check_label("map_luts"))

From 5fb4b12cb50b870b546d76f9c702678d8f0aa60a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Marcin=20Ko=C5=9Bcielnicki?= <marcin@symbioticeda.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2019 17:26:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 177/197] improve clkbuf_inhibit propagation upwards through
 hierarchy

---
 passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc | 13 ++++++++++++-
 tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys  | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
index 82b3dcdf7..246932d81 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/clkbufmap.cc
@@ -166,13 +166,24 @@ struct ClkbufmapPass : public Pass {
 
 			// Insert buffers.
 			std::vector<pair<Wire *, Wire *>> input_queue;
-			for (auto wire : module->selected_wires())
+			// Copy current wire list, as we will be adding new ones during iteration.
+			std::vector<Wire *> wires(module->wires());
+			for (auto wire : wires)
 			{
 				// Should not happen.
 				if (wire->port_input && wire->port_output)
 					continue;
+				bool process_wire = module->selected(wire);
 				if (!select && wire->get_bool_attribute("\\clkbuf_inhibit"))
+					process_wire = false;
+				if (!process_wire) {
+					// This wire is supposed to be bypassed, so make sure we don't buffer it in
+					// some buffer higher up in the hierarchy.
+					if (wire->port_output)
+						for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(wire); i++)
+							buf_ports.insert(make_pair(module->name, make_pair(wire->name, i)));
 					continue;
+				}
 
 				pool<int> input_bits;
 
diff --git a/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys b/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
index 5847c3ce5..f1277864e 100644
--- a/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
+++ b/tests/techmap/clkbufmap.ys
@@ -3,11 +3,26 @@ module clkbuf (input i, (* clkbuf_driver *) output o); endmodule
 module dff ((* clkbuf_sink *) input clk, input d, output q); endmodule
 module dffe ((* clkbuf_sink *) input c, input d, e, output q); endmodule
 module latch (input e, d, output q); endmodule
+module clkgen (output o); endmodule
 
-module top(input clk1, clk2, clk3, d, e, output [2:0] q);
+module top(input clk1, clk2, clk3, d, e, output [4:0] q);
+wire clk4, clk5, clk6;
 dff s0 (.clk(clk1), .d(d), .q(q[0]));
 dffe s1 (.c(clk2), .d(d), .e(e), .q(q[1]));
 latch s2 (.e(clk3), .d(d), .q(q[2]));
+sub s3 (.sclk4(clk4), .sclk5(clk5), .sclk6(clk6), .sd(d), .sq(q[3]));
+dff s4 (.clk(clk4), .d(d), .q(q[4]));
+dff s5 (.clk(clk5), .d(d), .q(q[4]));
+dff s6 (.clk(clk6), .d(d), .q(q[4]));
+endmodule
+
+module sub(output sclk4, output sclk5, output sclk6, input sd, output sq);
+wire tmp;
+clkgen s7(.o(sclk4));
+clkgen s8(.o(sclk5));
+clkgen s9(.o(tmp));
+clkbuf s10(.i(tmp), .o(sclk6));
+dff s11(.clk(sclk4), .d(sd), .q(sq));
 endmodule
 EOT
 
@@ -18,7 +33,8 @@ design -save ref
 
 design -load ref
 clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i
-select -assert-count 2 t:clkbuf
+select -assert-count 3 top/t:clkbuf
+select -assert-count 2 sub/t:clkbuf
 select -set clk1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i          # Find 'clk1' fanouts that are 'clkbuf'
 select -assert-count 1 @clk1                        # Check there is one such fanout
 select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i    # Check that the 'o' of that clkbuf drives one fanout
@@ -27,6 +43,14 @@ select -set clk2 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
 select -assert-count 1 @clk2
 select -assert-count 1 @clk2 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i
 select -assert-count 1 @clk2 %x:+[o] %co c:s1 %i
+select -set clk5 w:clk5 %a %ci t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 1 @clk5
+select -assert-count 1 @clk5 %x:+[o] %co c:s5 %i
+select -assert-count 1 @clk5 %x:+[i] %ci c:s3 %i
+select -set sclk4 w:sclk4 %a %ci t:clkbuf %i
+select -assert-count 1 @sclk4
+select -assert-count 1 @sclk4 %x:+[o] %co c:s11 %i
+select -assert-count 1 @sclk4 %x:+[i] %ci c:s7 %i
 
 # ----------------------
 
@@ -34,7 +58,7 @@ design -load ref
 setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 0 w:clk1
 setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 1 w:clk2
 clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i
-select -assert-count 1 t:clkbuf
+select -assert-count 2 top/t:clkbuf
 select -set clk1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i          # Find 'clk1' fanouts that are 'clkbuf'
 select -assert-count 1 @clk1                        # Check there is one such fanout
 select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i    # Check that the 'o' of that clkbuf drives one fanout
@@ -47,7 +71,8 @@ design -load ref
 setattr -set clkbuf_inhibit 1 w:clk1
 setattr -set buffer_type "bufg" w:clk2
 clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i w:* a:buffer_type=none a:buffer_type=bufr %u %d
-select -assert-count 2 t:clkbuf
+select -assert-count 3 top/t:clkbuf
+select -assert-count 2 sub/t:clkbuf
 select -set clk1 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i          # Find 'clk1' fanouts that are 'clkbuf'
 select -assert-count 1 @clk1                        # Check there is one such fanout
 select -assert-count 1 @clk1 %x:+[o] %co c:s* %i    # Check that the 'o' of that clkbuf drives one fanout
@@ -62,7 +87,10 @@ select -assert-count 1 @clk2 %x:+[o] %co c:s1 %i    # And that one fanout is 's0
 design -load ref
 setattr -set buffer_type "none" w:clk1
 setattr -set buffer_type "bufr" w:clk2
+setattr -set buffer_type "bufr" w:sclk4
+setattr -set buffer_type "bufr" w:sclk5
 clkbufmap -buf clkbuf o:i w:* a:buffer_type=none a:buffer_type=bufr %u %d
 select -assert-count 0 w:clk1 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
 select -assert-count 0 w:clk2 %a %co t:clkbuf %i
-select -assert-count 0 t:clkbuf
+select -assert-count 0 top/t:clkbuf
+select -assert-count 1 sub/t:clkbuf

From 00387f39277ab817b3b17e72b59793e6d5dfcde8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2019 09:24:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 178/197] Revert to using clean

---
 tests/sat/initval.ys | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/sat/initval.ys b/tests/sat/initval.ys
index 3d88aa971..2079d2f34 100644
--- a/tests/sat/initval.ys
+++ b/tests/sat/initval.ys
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 read_verilog -sv initval.v
-proc;
+proc;;
 
 sat -seq 10 -prove-asserts

From 28133432bea4a3fa01cd2f5e82a52a853cfccb84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2019 09:24:59 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 179/197] Ignore all 1'bx in (* init *)

---
 passes/sat/sat.cc | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/sat/sat.cc b/passes/sat/sat.cc
index bcc690fa3..430bba1e8 100644
--- a/passes/sat/sat.cc
+++ b/passes/sat/sat.cc
@@ -268,9 +268,7 @@ struct SatHelper
 				RTLIL::SigSpec removed_bits;
 				for (int i = 0; i < lhs.size(); i++) {
 					RTLIL::SigSpec bit = lhs.extract(i, 1);
-					if (bit.is_fully_const() && rhs[i] == State::Sx)
-						rhs[i] = bit;
-					if (!satgen.initial_state.check_all(bit)) {
+					if (rhs[i] == State::Sx || !satgen.initial_state.check_all(bit)) {
 						removed_bits.append(bit);
 						lhs.remove(i, 1);
 						rhs.remove(i, 1);

From d361f5ab795f5b823a594f1fee75f93a78995481 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Marcin=20Ko=C5=9Bcielnicki?= <marcin@symbioticeda.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2019 18:08:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 180/197] xilinx: Add SRLC16E primitive.

Fixes #1331.
---
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v | 22 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
index aeef7f885..973e17212 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
@@ -394,7 +394,27 @@ module SRL16E (
       always @(negedge CLK) if (CE) r <= { r[14:0], D };
     end
     else
-        always @(posedge CLK) if (CE) r <= { r[14:0], D };
+      always @(posedge CLK) if (CE) r <= { r[14:0], D };
+  endgenerate
+endmodule
+
+module SRLC16E (
+  output Q,
+  output Q15,
+  input A0, A1, A2, A3, CE, CLK, D
+);
+  parameter [15:0] INIT = 16'h0000;
+  parameter [0:0] IS_CLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
+
+  reg [15:0] r = INIT;
+  assign Q15 = r[15];
+  assign Q = r[{A3,A2,A1,A0}];
+  generate
+    if (IS_CLK_INVERTED) begin
+      always @(negedge CLK) if (CE) r <= { r[14:0], D };
+    end
+    else
+      always @(posedge CLK) if (CE) r <= { r[14:0], D };
   endgenerate
 endmodule
 

From c499dc3e73390c3bc9bf8045f2e4cad963c1fbad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 09:45:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 181/197] Add $dlatch support to async2sync

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/sat/async2sync.cc | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/sat/async2sync.cc b/passes/sat/async2sync.cc
index d045d0dcb..24ae6e448 100644
--- a/passes/sat/async2sync.cc
+++ b/passes/sat/async2sync.cc
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct Async2syncPass : public Pass {
 		log("reset value in the next cycle regardless of the data-in value at the time of\n");
 		log("the clock edge.\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("Currently only $adff and $dffsr cells are supported by this pass.\n");
+		log("Currently only $adff, $dffsr, and $dlatch cells are supported by this pass.\n");
 		log("\n");
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -169,6 +169,41 @@ struct Async2syncPass : public Pass {
 					cell->type = "$dff";
 					continue;
 				}
+
+				if (cell->type.in("$dlatch"))
+				{
+					bool en_pol = cell->parameters["\\EN_POLARITY"].as_bool();
+
+					SigSpec sig_en = cell->getPort("\\EN");
+					SigSpec sig_d = cell->getPort("\\D");
+					SigSpec sig_q = cell->getPort("\\Q");
+
+					log("Replacing %s.%s (%s): EN=%s, D=%s, Q=%s\n",
+							log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_id(cell->type),
+							log_signal(sig_en), log_signal(sig_d), log_signal(sig_q));
+
+					Const init_val;
+					for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_q); i++) {
+						SigBit bit = sigmap(sig_q[i]);
+						init_val.bits.push_back(initbits.count(bit) ? initbits.at(bit) : State::Sx);
+						del_initbits.insert(bit);
+					}
+
+					Wire *new_q = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(sig_q));
+					new_q->attributes["\\init"] = init_val;
+
+					if (en_pol) {
+						module->addMux(NEW_ID, new_q, sig_d, sig_en, sig_q);
+					} else {
+						module->addMux(NEW_ID, sig_d, new_q, sig_en, sig_q);
+					}
+
+					cell->setPort("\\Q", new_q);
+					cell->unsetPort("\\EN");
+					cell->unsetParam("\\EN_POLARITY");
+					cell->type = "$ff";
+					continue;
+				}
 			}
 
 			for (auto wire : module->wires())

From 0fda0e821cee249dd722c8b52e941c35bd9d8df0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 10:03:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 182/197] Add "paramap" pass

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/techmap/attrmap.cc | 185 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 118 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/attrmap.cc b/passes/techmap/attrmap.cc
index a38638e0b..3a2835733 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/attrmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/attrmap.cc
@@ -143,6 +143,82 @@ void attrmap_apply(string objname, vector<std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>> &actio
 	attributes.swap(new_attributes);
 }
 
+void log_attrmap_paramap_options()
+{
+	log("    -tocase <name>\n");
+	log("        Match attribute names case-insensitively and set it to the specified\n");
+	log("        name.\n");
+	log("\n");
+	log("    -rename <old_name> <new_name>\n");
+	log("        Rename attributes as specified\n");
+	log("\n");
+	log("    -map <old_name>=<old_value> <new_name>=<new_value>\n");
+	log("        Map key/value pairs as indicated.\n");
+	log("\n");
+	log("    -imap <old_name>=<old_value> <new_name>=<new_value>\n");
+	log("        Like -map, but use case-insensitive match for <old_value> when\n");
+	log("        it is a string value.\n");
+	log("\n");
+	log("    -remove <name>=<value>\n");
+	log("        Remove attributes matching this pattern.\n");
+}
+
+bool parse_attrmap_paramap_options(size_t &argidx, std::vector<std::string> &args, vector<std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>> &actions)
+{
+	std::string arg = args[argidx];
+	if (arg == "-tocase" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
+		auto action = new AttrmapTocase;
+		action->name = args[++argidx];
+		actions.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>(action));
+		return true;
+	}
+	if (arg == "-rename" && argidx+2 < args.size()) {
+		auto action = new AttrmapRename;
+		action->old_name = args[++argidx];
+		action->new_name = args[++argidx];
+		actions.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>(action));
+		return true;
+	}
+	if ((arg == "-map" || arg == "-imap") && argidx+2 < args.size()) {
+		string arg1 = args[++argidx];
+		string arg2 = args[++argidx];
+		string val1, val2;
+		size_t p = arg1.find("=");
+		if (p != string::npos) {
+			val1 = arg1.substr(p+1);
+			arg1 = arg1.substr(0, p);
+		}
+		p = arg2.find("=");
+		if (p != string::npos) {
+			val2 = arg2.substr(p+1);
+			arg2 = arg2.substr(0, p);
+		}
+		auto action = new AttrmapMap;
+		action->imap = (arg == "-map");
+		action->old_name = arg1;
+		action->new_name = arg2;
+		action->old_value = val1;
+		action->new_value = val2;
+		actions.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>(action));
+		return true;
+	}
+	if (arg == "-remove" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
+		string arg1 = args[++argidx], val1;
+		size_t p = arg1.find("=");
+		if (p != string::npos) {
+			val1 = arg1.substr(p+1);
+			arg1 = arg1.substr(0, p);
+		}
+		auto action = new AttrmapRemove;
+		action->name = arg1;
+		action->has_value = (p != string::npos);
+		action->value = val1;
+		actions.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>(action));
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
 struct AttrmapPass : public Pass {
 	AttrmapPass() : Pass("attrmap", "renaming attributes") { }
 	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
@@ -154,22 +230,7 @@ struct AttrmapPass : public Pass {
 		log("This command renames attributes and/or mapps key/value pairs to\n");
 		log("other key/value pairs.\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("    -tocase <name>\n");
-		log("        Match attribute names case-insensitively and set it to the specified\n");
-		log("        name.\n");
-		log("\n");
-		log("    -rename <old_name> <new_name>\n");
-		log("        Rename attributes as specified\n");
-		log("\n");
-		log("    -map <old_name>=<old_value> <new_name>=<new_value>\n");
-		log("        Map key/value pairs as indicated.\n");
-		log("\n");
-		log("    -imap <old_name>=<old_value> <new_name>=<new_value>\n");
-		log("        Like -map, but use case-insensitive match for <old_value> when\n");
-		log("        it is a string value.\n");
-		log("\n");
-		log("    -remove <name>=<value>\n");
-		log("        Remove attributes matching this pattern.\n");
+		log_attrmap_paramap_options();
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -modattr\n");
 		log("        Operate on module attributes instead of attributes on wires and cells.\n");
@@ -190,58 +251,9 @@ struct AttrmapPass : public Pass {
 		size_t argidx;
 		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
 		{
-			std::string arg = args[argidx];
-			if (arg == "-tocase" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
-				auto action = new AttrmapTocase;
-				action->name = args[++argidx];
-				actions.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>(action));
+			if (parse_attrmap_paramap_options(argidx, args, actions))
 				continue;
-			}
-			if (arg == "-rename" && argidx+2 < args.size()) {
-				auto action = new AttrmapRename;
-				action->old_name = args[++argidx];
-				action->new_name = args[++argidx];
-				actions.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>(action));
-				continue;
-			}
-			if ((arg == "-map" || arg == "-imap") && argidx+2 < args.size()) {
-				string arg1 = args[++argidx];
-				string arg2 = args[++argidx];
-				string val1, val2;
-				size_t p = arg1.find("=");
-				if (p != string::npos) {
-					val1 = arg1.substr(p+1);
-					arg1 = arg1.substr(0, p);
-				}
-				p = arg2.find("=");
-				if (p != string::npos) {
-					val2 = arg2.substr(p+1);
-					arg2 = arg2.substr(0, p);
-				}
-				auto action = new AttrmapMap;
-				action->imap = (arg == "-map");
-				action->old_name = arg1;
-				action->new_name = arg2;
-				action->old_value = val1;
-				action->new_value = val2;
-				actions.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>(action));
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (arg == "-remove" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
-				string arg1 = args[++argidx], val1;
-				size_t p = arg1.find("=");
-				if (p != string::npos) {
-					val1 = arg1.substr(p+1);
-					arg1 = arg1.substr(0, p);
-				}
-				auto action = new AttrmapRemove;
-				action->name = arg1;
-				action->has_value = (p != string::npos);
-				action->value = val1;
-				actions.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>(action));
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (arg == "-modattr") {
+			if (args[argidx] == "-modattr") {
 				modattr_mode = true;
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -287,4 +299,43 @@ struct AttrmapPass : public Pass {
 	}
 } AttrmapPass;
 
+struct ParamapPass : public Pass {
+	ParamapPass() : Pass("paramap", "renaming cell parameters") { }
+	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    paramap [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("This command renames cell parameters and/or mapps key/value pairs to\n");
+		log("other key/value pairs.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log_attrmap_paramap_options();
+		log("\n");
+		log("For example, mapping Diamond-style ECP5 \"init\" attributes to Yosys-style:\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    paramap -tocase INIT t:LUT4\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing PARAMAP pass (move or copy cell parameters).\n");
+
+		vector<std::unique_ptr<AttrmapAction>> actions;
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
+		{
+			if (parse_attrmap_paramap_options(argidx, args, actions))
+				continue;
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+		for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
+			attrmap_apply(stringf("%s.%s", log_id(module), log_id(cell)), actions, cell->parameters);
+	}
+} ParamapPass;
+
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END

From 47ffbf554ef98a19222b42e48a9c58f3b55364fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 10:06:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 183/197] Fix typo

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 passes/techmap/attrmap.cc | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/attrmap.cc b/passes/techmap/attrmap.cc
index 3a2835733..5f30817d4 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/attrmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/attrmap.cc
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ struct AttrmapPass : public Pass {
 		log("\n");
 		log("    attrmap [options] [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("This command renames attributes and/or mapps key/value pairs to\n");
+		log("This command renames attributes and/or maps key/value pairs to\n");
 		log("other key/value pairs.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log_attrmap_paramap_options();
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ struct ParamapPass : public Pass {
 		log("\n");
 		log("    paramap [options] [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("This command renames cell parameters and/or mapps key/value pairs to\n");
+		log("This command renames cell parameters and/or maps key/value pairs to\n");
 		log("other key/value pairs.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log_attrmap_paramap_options();

From 9314a0a42ec05e82d2d3d77aebddfb06271a4730 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 10:51:39 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 184/197] Add (* clkbuf_sink *) to SRLC16E, reorder ports to
 match vendor

---
 techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
index 973e17212..e12b77c02 100644
--- a/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/xilinx/cells_sim.v
@@ -380,9 +380,10 @@ endmodule
 
 module SRL16E (
   output Q,
+  input A0, A1, A2, A3, CE,
   (* clkbuf_sink *)
   input CLK,
-  input A0, A1, A2, A3, CE, D
+  input D
 );
   parameter [15:0] INIT = 16'h0000;
   parameter [0:0] IS_CLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -401,7 +402,10 @@ endmodule
 module SRLC16E (
   output Q,
   output Q15,
-  input A0, A1, A2, A3, CE, CLK, D
+  input A0, A1, A2, A3, CE,
+  (* clkbuf_sink *)
+  input CLK,
+  input D
 );
   parameter [15:0] INIT = 16'h0000;
   parameter [0:0] IS_CLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;
@@ -422,9 +426,10 @@ module SRLC32E (
   output Q,
   output Q31,
   input [4:0] A,
+  input CE,
   (* clkbuf_sink *)
   input CLK,
-  input CE, D
+  input D
 );
   parameter [31:0] INIT = 32'h00000000;
   parameter [0:0] IS_CLK_INVERTED = 1'b0;

From 129df7184a2b85553366f9d56e26ac4eaccc5a52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 17:07:07 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 185/197] Update to new $__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER

---
 techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v | 19 ++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
index c7f3bdad2..02726605f 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
@@ -142,15 +142,16 @@ module SB_CARRY (output CO, input I0, I1, CI);
 endmodule
 
 (* abc_box_id = 1, lib_whitebox *)
-module \$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER (
+module \$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER (
 	(* abc_carry *)
 	output CO,
 	output O,
-	input A,
-	input B,
+	input A, B,
 	(* abc_carry *)
-	input CI
+	input CI,
+	input I0, I3,
 );
+	parameter LUT = 0;
 	SB_CARRY carry (
 		.I0(A),
 		.I1(B),
@@ -158,16 +159,12 @@ module \$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER (
 		.CO(CO)
 	);
 	SB_LUT4 #(
-		//         I0: 1010 1010 1010 1010
-		//         I1: 1100 1100 1100 1100
-		//         I2: 1111 0000 1111 0000
-		//         I3: 1111 1111 0000 0000
-		.LUT_INIT(16'b 0110_1001_1001_0110)
+		.LUT_INIT(LUT)
 	) adder (
-		.I0(1'b0),
+		.I0(I0),
 		.I1(A),
 		.I2(B),
-		.I3(CI),
+		.I3(I3),
 		.O(O)
 	);
 endmodule

From 077e9d4ada7fbc75ab87fe7f390d58e2d53b4472 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 17:07:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 186/197] Update box size and timings

---
 techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box | 8 ++++----
 techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box | 8 ++++----
 techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box  | 8 ++++----
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box b/techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box
index c0ea742e2..571152129 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 # NB: Inputs/Outputs must be ordered alphabetically
 #     (with exceptions for carry in/out)
 
-# Inputs: A B CI
+# Inputs: A B I0 I3 CI
 # Outputs: O CO
 #   (NB: carry chain input/output must be last
 #        input/output and have been moved there
 #        overriding the alphabetical ordering)
-$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 3 2
-400 379 316
-259 231 126
+$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 5 2
+400 379 449 316 316
+259 231 -   -   126
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box b/techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box
index d73b6d649..a9f8699fc 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 # NB: Inputs/Outputs must be ordered alphabetically
 #     (with exceptions for carry in/out)
 
-# Inputs: A B CI
+# Inputs: A B I0 I3 CI
 # Outputs: O CO
 #   (NB: carry chain input/output must be last
 #        input/output and have been moved there
 #        overriding the alphabetical ordering)
-$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 3 2
-589 558 465
-675 609 186 
+$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 5 2
+589 558 661 465 465
+675 609 -   -   186
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box b/techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box
index 42d666051..bc8a8d9cd 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 # NB: Inputs/Outputs must be ordered alphabetically
 #     (with exceptions for carry in/out)
 
-# Inputs: A B CI
+# Inputs: A B I0 I3 CI
 # Outputs: O CO
 #   (NB: carry chain input/output must be last
 #        input/output and have been moved there
 #        overriding the alphabetical ordering)
-$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 3 2
-1231 1205 874
-675  609  278
+$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 5 2
+1231 1205 1285 874 874
+675  609  -    -   278

From 2aedee1f0e0f6a6214241f51f5c12d4b67c3ef6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 17:07:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 187/197] Remove $__ICE40_FULL_ADDER handling from ice40_opt;
 cannot reason with

CARRY_WRAPPER in the same way since I0 and I3 could be used
---
 techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc | 45 -------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
index d5106b805..f528607d6 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
@@ -83,51 +83,6 @@ static void run_ice40_opts(Module *module)
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
-
-		if (cell->type == "$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER")
-		{
-			SigSpec non_const_inputs, replacement_output;
-			int count_zeros = 0, count_ones = 0;
-
-			SigBit inbit[3] = {
-				cell->getPort("\\A"),
-				cell->getPort("\\B"),
-				cell->getPort("\\CI")
-			};
-			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-				if (inbit[i].wire == nullptr) {
-					if (inbit[i] == State::S1)
-						count_ones++;
-					else
-						count_zeros++;
-				} else
-					non_const_inputs.append(inbit[i]);
-
-			if (count_zeros >= 2)
-				replacement_output = State::S0;
-			else if (count_ones >= 2)
-				replacement_output = State::S1;
-			else if (GetSize(non_const_inputs) == 1)
-				replacement_output = non_const_inputs;
-
-			if (GetSize(replacement_output)) {
-				optimized_co.insert(sigmap(cell->getPort("\\CO")[0]));
-				module->connect(cell->getPort("\\CO")[0], replacement_output);
-				module->design->scratchpad_set_bool("opt.did_something", true);
-				log("Optimized $__ICE40_FULL_ADDER cell back to logic (without SB_CARRY) %s.%s: CO=%s\n",
-						log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_signal(replacement_output));
-				cell->type = "$lut";
-				cell->setPort("\\A", { State::S0, inbit[0], inbit[1], inbit[2] });
-				cell->setPort("\\Y", cell->getPort("\\O"));
-				cell->unsetPort("\\B");
-				cell->unsetPort("\\CI");
-				cell->unsetPort("\\CO");
-				cell->unsetPort("\\O");
-				cell->setParam("\\LUT", RTLIL::Const::from_string("0110100110010110"));
-				cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", 4);
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
 	}
 
 	for (auto cell : sb_lut_cells)

From e569f138704a28654cc52c917bba4decffa29f54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 17:22:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 188/197] Revert "Remove $__ICE40_FULL_ADDER handling from
 ice40_opt; cannot reason with"

This reverts commit 2aedee1f0e0f6a6214241f51f5c12d4b67c3ef6f.
---
 techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
index f528607d6..d5106b805 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
@@ -83,6 +83,51 @@ static void run_ice40_opts(Module *module)
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
+
+		if (cell->type == "$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER")
+		{
+			SigSpec non_const_inputs, replacement_output;
+			int count_zeros = 0, count_ones = 0;
+
+			SigBit inbit[3] = {
+				cell->getPort("\\A"),
+				cell->getPort("\\B"),
+				cell->getPort("\\CI")
+			};
+			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+				if (inbit[i].wire == nullptr) {
+					if (inbit[i] == State::S1)
+						count_ones++;
+					else
+						count_zeros++;
+				} else
+					non_const_inputs.append(inbit[i]);
+
+			if (count_zeros >= 2)
+				replacement_output = State::S0;
+			else if (count_ones >= 2)
+				replacement_output = State::S1;
+			else if (GetSize(non_const_inputs) == 1)
+				replacement_output = non_const_inputs;
+
+			if (GetSize(replacement_output)) {
+				optimized_co.insert(sigmap(cell->getPort("\\CO")[0]));
+				module->connect(cell->getPort("\\CO")[0], replacement_output);
+				module->design->scratchpad_set_bool("opt.did_something", true);
+				log("Optimized $__ICE40_FULL_ADDER cell back to logic (without SB_CARRY) %s.%s: CO=%s\n",
+						log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_signal(replacement_output));
+				cell->type = "$lut";
+				cell->setPort("\\A", { State::S0, inbit[0], inbit[1], inbit[2] });
+				cell->setPort("\\Y", cell->getPort("\\O"));
+				cell->unsetPort("\\B");
+				cell->unsetPort("\\CI");
+				cell->unsetPort("\\CO");
+				cell->unsetPort("\\O");
+				cell->setParam("\\LUT", RTLIL::Const::from_string("0110100110010110"));
+				cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", 4);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
 	}
 
 	for (auto cell : sb_lut_cells)

From f5b4bc847c02d6c3e06c086a1375840ccac936cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 17:25:05 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 189/197] Adapt to $__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER

---
 techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
index d5106b805..58f106f7c 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static void run_ice40_opts(Module *module)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (cell->type == "$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER")
+		if (cell->type == "$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER")
 		{
 			SigSpec non_const_inputs, replacement_output;
 			int count_zeros = 0, count_ones = 0;
@@ -114,13 +114,15 @@ static void run_ice40_opts(Module *module)
 				optimized_co.insert(sigmap(cell->getPort("\\CO")[0]));
 				module->connect(cell->getPort("\\CO")[0], replacement_output);
 				module->design->scratchpad_set_bool("opt.did_something", true);
-				log("Optimized $__ICE40_FULL_ADDER cell back to logic (without SB_CARRY) %s.%s: CO=%s\n",
+				log("Optimized $__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER cell back to logic (without SB_CARRY) %s.%s: CO=%s\n",
 						log_id(module), log_id(cell), log_signal(replacement_output));
 				cell->type = "$lut";
-				cell->setPort("\\A", { State::S0, inbit[0], inbit[1], inbit[2] });
+				cell->setPort("\\A", { cell->getPort("\\I0"), inbit[0], inbit[1], cell->getPort("\\I3") });
 				cell->setPort("\\Y", cell->getPort("\\O"));
 				cell->unsetPort("\\B");
 				cell->unsetPort("\\CI");
+				cell->unsetPort("\\I0");
+				cell->unsetPort("\\I3");
 				cell->unsetPort("\\CO");
 				cell->unsetPort("\\O");
 				cell->setParam("\\LUT", RTLIL::Const::from_string("0110100110010110"));

From d46d38e4d5e1502ea5cb6075161c87bd837af9eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 17:25:54 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 190/197] Trailing comma

---
 techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
index 02726605f..2a7487f6b 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/cells_sim.v
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ module \$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER (
 	input A, B,
 	(* abc_carry *)
 	input CI,
-	input I0, I3,
+	input I0, I3
 );
 	parameter LUT = 0;
 	SB_CARRY carry (

From dd42aa87b9b3bb041cbfe49079c6538f0a6d5646 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 18:34:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 191/197] Add ice40_opt test

---
 tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys

diff --git a/tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys b/tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18e0d2b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+read_verilog -icells -formal <<EOT
+module top(input CI, I0, output CO, O);
+    wire A = 1'b0, B = 1'b0;
+	\$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER #(
+		//    A[0]: 1010 1010 1010 1010
+		//    A[1]: 1100 1100 1100 1100
+		//    A[2]: 1111 0000 1111 0000
+		//    A[3]: 1111 1111 0000 0000
+		.LUT(~16'b 0110_1001_1001_0110)
+	) fadd (
+		.A(A),
+		.B(B),
+		.CI(CI),
+		.I0(I0),
+		.I3(CI),
+		.CO(CO),
+		.O(O)
+	);
+endmodule
+EOT
+
+equiv_opt -assert -map +/ice40/cells_map.v -map +/ice40/cells_sim.v ice40_opt
+design -load postopt
+select -assert-count 1 t:$lut

From e301a3dadbc81a300443713cf7877ea24cc0b2b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 18:44:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 192/197] Add SB_CARRY to ice40_opt test

---
 tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys b/tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys
index 18e0d2b8a..b17c69c91 100644
--- a/tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys
+++ b/tests/ice40/ice40_opt.ys
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 read_verilog -icells -formal <<EOT
-module top(input CI, I0, output CO, O);
+module top(input CI, I0, output [1:0] CO, output O);
     wire A = 1'b0, B = 1'b0;
 	\$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER #(
 		//    A[0]: 1010 1010 1010 1010
@@ -7,18 +7,20 @@ module top(input CI, I0, output CO, O);
 		//    A[2]: 1111 0000 1111 0000
 		//    A[3]: 1111 1111 0000 0000
 		.LUT(~16'b 0110_1001_1001_0110)
-	) fadd (
+	) u0 (
 		.A(A),
 		.B(B),
 		.CI(CI),
 		.I0(I0),
 		.I3(CI),
-		.CO(CO),
+		.CO(CO[0]),
 		.O(O)
 	);
+    SB_CARRY u1 (.I0(~A), .I1(~B), .CI(CI), .CO(CO[1]));
 endmodule
 EOT
 
 equiv_opt -assert -map +/ice40/cells_map.v -map +/ice40/cells_sim.v ice40_opt
 design -load postopt
+select -assert-count 1 t:*
 select -assert-count 1 t:$lut

From a4f641f2303bc6f04751a15ec49cf2658ea8eb63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 18:45:09 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 193/197] Do not overwrite LUT param

---
 techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
index 58f106f7c..ea56d3f4d 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/ice40_opt.cc
@@ -125,7 +125,6 @@ static void run_ice40_opts(Module *module)
 				cell->unsetPort("\\I3");
 				cell->unsetPort("\\CO");
 				cell->unsetPort("\\O");
-				cell->setParam("\\LUT", RTLIL::Const::from_string("0110100110010110"));
 				cell->setParam("\\WIDTH", 4);
 			}
 			continue;

From 13ecd8b0df267285eb9f0a6fda84684ef491eded Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2019 18:47:48 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 194/197] Add run-test.sh too

---
 tests/ice40/run-test.sh | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 tests/ice40/run-test.sh

diff --git a/tests/ice40/run-test.sh b/tests/ice40/run-test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ea56b70f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ice40/run-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+{
+echo "all::"
+for x in *.ys; do
+	echo "all:: run-$x"
+	echo "run-$x:"
+	echo "	@echo 'Running $x..'"
+	echo "	@../../yosys -ql ${x%.ys}.log $x"
+done
+for s in *.sh; do
+	if [ "$s" != "run-test.sh" ]; then
+		echo "all:: run-$s"
+		echo "run-$s:"
+		echo "	@echo 'Running $s..'"
+		echo "	@bash $s"
+	fi
+done
+} > run-test.mk
+exec ${MAKE:-make} -f run-test.mk

From 89695fd3ab488f7c6e32347ebfb29e15d8ba271e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2019 12:05:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 195/197] Bump YOSYS_VER

Signed-off-by: Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
---
 Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index e56db424d..692b19826 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ LDFLAGS += -rdynamic
 LDLIBS += -lrt
 endif
 
-YOSYS_VER := 0.9+1
+YOSYS_VER := 0.9+36
 GIT_REV := $(shell cd $(YOSYS_SRC) && git rev-parse --short HEAD 2> /dev/null || echo UNKNOWN)
 OBJS = kernel/version_$(GIT_REV).o
 

From 25b1670a8425198abfcef4602a3d1ddcc0ca5d40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2019 07:03:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 196/197] Rename boxes too

---
 techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box | 2 +-
 techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box | 2 +-
 techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box  | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box b/techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box
index 571152129..3ea70bc91 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/abc_hx.box
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
 #   (NB: carry chain input/output must be last
 #        input/output and have been moved there
 #        overriding the alphabetical ordering)
-$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 5 2
+$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER 1 1 5 2
 400 379 449 316 316
 259 231 -   -   126
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box b/techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box
index a9f8699fc..473e92fe9 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/abc_lp.box
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
 #   (NB: carry chain input/output must be last
 #        input/output and have been moved there
 #        overriding the alphabetical ordering)
-$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 5 2
+$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER 1 1 5 2
 589 558 661 465 465
 675 609 -   -   186
diff --git a/techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box b/techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box
index bc8a8d9cd..f00e247b8 100644
--- a/techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box
+++ b/techlibs/ice40/abc_u.box
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
 #   (NB: carry chain input/output must be last
 #        input/output and have been moved there
 #        overriding the alphabetical ordering)
-$__ICE40_FULL_ADDER 1 1 5 2
+$__ICE40_CARRY_WRAPPER 1 1 5 2
 1231 1205 1285 874 874
 675  609  -    -   278

From 14677610602ee18bcf1a41a0c54a626965e6bb06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eddie Hung <eddie@fpgeh.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2019 10:33:28 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 197/197] Fix typo that's gone unnoticed for 5 months!?!

---
 passes/techmap/shregmap.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
index 5e298d8dd..02cc27ae2 100644
--- a/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
+++ b/passes/techmap/shregmap.cc
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ struct ShregmapWorker
 				IdString q_port = opts.ffcells.at(c1->type).second;
 
 				auto c1_conn = c1->connections();
-				auto c2_conn = c1->connections();
+				auto c2_conn = c2->connections();
 
 				c1_conn.erase(d_port);
 				c1_conn.erase(q_port);