Updated ABC info

Includes comparison of `abc` v `abc9`. Also creates a new subsection of the
yosys internals for extending yosys (moving the previous extensions.rst into it).

Co-authored-by: Lofty <dan.ravensloft@gmail.com>

docs/source/yosys_internals/extending_yosys/abc_flow.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+Setting up a flow for ABC9
+--------------------------
+
+Much of the configuration comes from attributes and ``specify`` blocks in
+Verilog simulation models.
+
+``specify`` syntax
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Since ``specify`` is a relatively obscure part of the Verilog standard, a quick
+guide to the syntax:
+
+.. code-block:: verilog
+
+   specify                           // begins a specify block
+     (A => B) = 123;                 // simple combinational path from A to B with a delay of 123.
+     (A *> B) = 123;                 // simple combinational path from A to all bits of B with a delay of 123 for all.
+     if (FOO) (A => B) = 123;        // paths may apply under specific conditions.
+     (posedge CLK => (Q : D)) = 123; // combinational path triggered on the positive edge of CLK; used for clock-to-Q arrival paths.
+     $setup(A, posedge CLK, 123);    // setup constraint for an input relative to a clock.
+   endspecify                        // ends a specify block
+
+By convention, all delays in ``specify`` blocks are in integer picoseconds.
+Files containing ``specify`` blocks should be read with the ``-specify`` option
+to ``read_verilog`` so that they aren't skipped.
+
+LUTs
+^^^^
+
+LUTs need to be annotated with an ``(* abc9_lut=N *)`` attribute, where ``N`` is
+the relative area of that LUT model. For example, if an architecture can combine
+LUTs to produce larger LUTs, then the combined LUTs would have increasingly
+larger ``N``. Conversely, if an architecture can split larger LUTs into smaller
+LUTs, then the smaller LUTs would have smaller ``N``.
+
+LUTs are generally specified with simple combinational paths from the LUT inputs
+to the LUT output.
+
+DFFs
+^^^^
+
+DFFs should be annotated with an ``(* abc9_flop *)`` attribute, however ABC9 has
+some specific requirements for this to be valid: - the DFF must initialise to
+zero (consider using ``dfflegalize`` to ensure this). - the DFF cannot have any
+asynchronous resets/sets (see the simplification idiom and the Boxes section for
+what to do here).
+
+It is worth noting that in pure ``abc9`` mode, only the setup and arrival times
+are passed to ABC9 (specifically, they are modelled as buffers with the given
+delay). In ``abc9 -dff``, the flop itself is passed to ABC9, permitting
+sequential optimisations.
+
+Some vendors have universal DFF models which include async sets/resets even when
+they're unused. Therefore *the simplification idiom* exists to handle this: by
+using a ``techmap`` file to discover flops which have a constant driver to those
+asynchronous controls, they can be mapped into an intermediate, simplified flop
+which qualifies as an ``(* abc9_flop *)``, ran through :cmd:ref:`abc9`, and then
+mapped back to the original flop. This is used in :cmd:ref:`synth_intel_alm` and
+:cmd:ref:`synth_quicklogic` for the PolarPro3.
+
+DFFs are usually specified to have setup constraints against the clock on the
+input signals, and an arrival time for the Q output.
+
+Boxes
+^^^^^
+
+A "box" is a purely-combinational piece of hard logic. If the logic is exposed
+to ABC9, it's a "whitebox", otherwise it's a "blackbox". Carry chains would be
+best implemented as whiteboxes, but a DSP would be best implemented as a
+blackbox (multipliers are too complex to easily work with). LUT RAMs can be
+implemented as whiteboxes too.
+
+Boxes are arguably the biggest advantage that ABC9 has over ABC: by being aware
+of carry chains and DSPs, it avoids optimising for a path that isn't the actual
+critical path, while the generally-longer paths result in ABC9 being able to
+reduce design area by mapping other logic to larger-but-slower cells.