diff --git a/docs/examples/fifo/.gitignore b/docs/examples/fifo/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22b7dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/examples/fifo/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +fifo_* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/examples/fifo/fifo.sby b/docs/examples/fifo/fifo.sby new file mode 100644 index 0000000..586e7b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/examples/fifo/fifo.sby @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +[tasks] +cover +prove + +[options] +cover: +mode cover +-- +prove: +mode prove +-- + +[engines] +cover: smtbmc +prove: abc pdr + +[script] +read -formal fifo.sv +prep -top fifo + +[files] +fifo.sv diff --git a/docs/examples/fifo/fifo.sv b/docs/examples/fifo/fifo.sv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d30883 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/examples/fifo/fifo.sv @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +// Define our top level fifo entity +module fifo ( + input wen, ren, clk, rst_n, + input [7:0] wdata, + output [7:0] rdata, + output [3:0] count, + output full, empty +); + parameter MAX_DATA = 16; + + // internals + reg [3:0] data_count; + initial begin + data_count <= 0; + end + + // wire up our sub modules + wire [3:0] waddr, raddr; + wire wskip, rskip; + storage #(.MAX_DATA(MAX_DATA)) fifo_storage ( + .wen (wen ), + .ren (ren ), + .clk (clk ), + .rst_n (rst_n), + .waddr (waddr), + .raddr (raddr), + .wdata (wdata), + .rdata (rdata) + ); + + addr_gen #(.MAX_DATA(MAX_DATA)) fifo_writer ( + .en (wen || wskip), + .clk (clk ), + .rst_n (rst_n), + .addr (waddr) + ); + + addr_gen #(.MAX_DATA(MAX_DATA)) fifo_reader ( + .en (ren || rskip), + .clk (clk ), + .rst_n (rst_n), + .addr (raddr) + ); + + always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin + if (~rst_n) + data_count <= 0; + else if (wen && !ren && data_count < MAX_DATA-1) + data_count <= data_count + 1; + else if (ren && !wen && data_count > 0) + data_count <= data_count - 1; + else + data_count <= data_count; + end + + assign full = data_count == MAX_DATA-1; + assign empty = data_count == 0; + assign count = data_count; + + // write while full => overwrite oldest data, move read pointer + assign rskip = wen && !ren && data_count >= MAX_DATA-1; + // read while empty => read invalid data, keep write pointer in sync + assign wskip = ren && !wen && data_count == 0; + +`ifdef FORMAL + // observers + wire [4:0] addr_diff; + assign addr_diff = waddr >= raddr ? waddr - raddr : waddr + MAX_DATA - raddr; + + // tests should not run through a reset + // not entirely sure what this actually does + default clocking @(posedge clk); endclocking + default disable iff (~rst_n); + + // tests + always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin + // waddr and raddr are zero while reset is low + ap_reset: assert property (~rst_n |=> !waddr && !raddr); + wp_reset: cover property (rst_n); + + // waddr and raddr can only be non zero if reset is high + ap_nreset: assert property (waddr || raddr |=> $past(rst_n)); + wp_nreset: cover property (waddr || raddr); + + // count never less than zero, or more than max + ap_uflow: assert (count >= 0); + ap_uflow2: assert (raddr >= 0); + ap_oflow: assert (count < MAX_DATA); + ap_oflow2: assert (waddr < MAX_DATA); + + // count should be equal to the difference between writer and reader address + ap_count_diff: assert (count == addr_diff); + + // count should only be able to increase or decrease by 1 + ap_counts: assert (count == 0 + || count == $past(count) + || count == $past(count) + 1 + || count == $past(count) - 1); + + // read/write addresses can only increase (or stay the same) + ap_raddr: assert (raddr == 0 + || raddr == $past(raddr) + || raddr == $past(raddr + 1)); + ap_waddr: assert (waddr == 0 + || waddr == $past(waddr) + || waddr == $past(waddr + 1)); + + // read/write enables enable + ap_raddr2: assert property (ren |=> raddr != $past(raddr)); + ap_waddr2: assert property (wen |=> waddr != $past(waddr)); + + // read/write needs enable UNLESS full/empty + ap_raddr3: assert property (!ren && !full |=> raddr == $past(raddr)); + ap_waddr3: assert property (!wen && !empty |=> waddr == $past(waddr)); + + // full and empty work as expected + ap_full: assert property (wen && !ren && count == MAX_DATA-2 |=> full); + wp_full: cover property (wen && !ren && count == MAX_DATA-2); + ap_empty: assert property (ren && !wen && count == 1 |=> empty); + wp_empty: cover property (ren && !wen && count == 1); + + // can we corrupt our data? + ap_overfill: assert property (wen && full |=> raddr != $past(raddr)); + wp_overfill: cover property (wen && full); + ap_underfill: assert property (ren && empty |=> waddr != $past(waddr)); + wp_underfill: cover property (ren && empty); + end + + // assumptions + always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin + // when writing the write data will change (so that we can line up reads with writes) + assume property (wen |=> wdata != $past(wdata)); + assume (wdata); + end +`endif + +endmodule + +// Define the fifo storage +module storage ( + input wen, ren, clk, rst_n, + input [3:0] waddr, raddr, + input [7:0] wdata, + output [7:0] rdata +); + parameter MAX_DATA = 16; + + // 8 bit data, fifo depth 16 / 4 bit address + // reset not defined + reg [7:0] data [MAX_DATA-1:0]; + always @(posedge clk) begin + if (wen) + data[waddr] <= wdata; + end + + assign rdata = data[raddr]; +endmodule + +// address generator/counter +module addr_gen ( + input en, clk, rst_n, + output reg [3:0] addr +); + parameter MAX_DATA = 16; + + initial begin + addr <= 0; + end + + // async reset + // increment address when enabled + always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin + if (~rst_n) + addr <= 0; + else if (en) + if (addr == MAX_DATA-1) + addr <= 0; + else + addr <= addr + 1; + else + addr <= addr; + end +endmodule